diff --git a/api.py b/api.py
index 96d99a6..5f9dfde 100644
--- a/api.py
+++ b/api.py
@@ -167,4 +167,4 @@ def new_entry():
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     create_tables()
-    app.run(debug=True)
+    app.run(debug=True, port=5001)
diff --git a/venv/bin/Activate.ps1 b/venv/bin/Activate.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/Activate.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
+
+.Description
+Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
+$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
+in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
+well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
+
+.Parameter VenvDir
+Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
+default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
+script is located within.
+
+.Parameter Prompt
+The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
+default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
+surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Verbose
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
+Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
+parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
+
+.Notes
+On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
+execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
+command:
+
+PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+For more information on Execution Policies: 
+https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
+
+#>
+Param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $VenvDir,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $Prompt
+)
+
+<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
+addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
+the PATH variable.
+
+.Parameter NonDestructive
+If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
+session.
+
+#>
+function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
+    # Revert to original values
+
+    # The prior prompt:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
+        Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # The prior PYTHONHOME:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    }
+
+    # The prior PATH:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
+    }
+
+    # Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
+    if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+        Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
+    }
+
+    # Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
+    if (-not $NonDestructive) {
+        Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
+    }
+}
+
+<#
+.Description
+Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
+given folder, and returns them in a map.
+
+For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
+two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
+then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
+the right hand is the value.
+
+If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
+stripped from the value before being captured.
+
+.Parameter ConfigDir
+Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
+#>
+function Get-PyVenvConfig(
+    [String]
+    $ConfigDir
+) {
+    Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
+
+    # Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
+    $pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
+
+    # An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
+    $pyvenvConfig = @{ }
+
+    if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
+
+        Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
+        $pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
+
+        $pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
+            $keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
+            if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
+                $val = $keyval[1]
+
+                # Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
+                if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
+                    $val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
+                }
+
+                $pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
+                Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $pyvenvConfig
+}
+
+
+<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+# Determine the containing directory of this script
+$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
+
+Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
+
+# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
+# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
+# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
+if ($VenvDir) {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
+    $VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
+}
+
+# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
+# as `prompt`.
+$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
+
+# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
+# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
+if ($Prompt) {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
+    if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
+        $Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
+    }
+    else {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
+        Write-Verbose "  Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
+        $Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
+
+# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
+# deactivate function in place.
+deactivate -nondestructive
+
+# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
+# that there is an activated venv.
+$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
+
+if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
+
+    Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
+
+    # Set the prompt to include the env name
+    # Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
+    function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
+    Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
+
+    function global:prompt {
+        Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
+        _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+    $env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
+}
+
+# Clear PYTHONHOME
+if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
+    Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
+}
+
+# Add the venv to the PATH
+Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate b/venv/bin/activate
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b2fa3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# You cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    hash -r 2> /dev/null
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+# on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
+if [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "cygwin" ] || [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "msys" ] ; then
+    # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
+    # and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath "/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv")
+else
+    # use the path as-is
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV="/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv"
+fi
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    PS1="(venv) ${PS1:-}"
+    export PS1
+    VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT="(venv) "
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+fi
+
+# Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+hash -r 2> /dev/null
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate.csh b/venv/bin/activate.csh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1920ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate.csh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv"
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    set prompt = "(venv) $prompt"
+    setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(venv) "
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate.fish b/venv/bin/activate.fish
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0deb57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate.fish
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
+# (https://fishshell.com/). You cannot run it directly.
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        # prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
+        if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
+            functions -e fish_prompt
+            functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+            functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+        end
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self-destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv"
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
+
+# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command.
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
+        printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) "(venv) " (set_color normal)
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        # Output the original/"old" prompt.
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(venv) "
+end
diff --git a/venv/bin/dotenv b/venv/bin/dotenv
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..08a9c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/dotenv
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv/bin/python3.12
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from dotenv.__main__ import cli
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/venv/bin/flask b/venv/bin/flask
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2089ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/flask
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv/bin/python3.12
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from flask.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip b/venv/bin/pip
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f34455a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv/bin/python3.12
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip3 b/venv/bin/pip3
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f34455a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip3
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv/bin/python3.12
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip3.12 b/venv/bin/pip3.12
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f34455a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip3.12
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/klaas/kasse-py/venv/bin/python3.12
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/python b/venv/bin/python
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..11b9d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3.12
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/bin/python3 b/venv/bin/python3
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..11b9d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3.12
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/bin/python3.12 b/venv/bin/python3.12
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..061a722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python3.12
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.12/bin/python3.12
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d227a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2010 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82261f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: MarkupSafe
+Version: 3.0.2
+Summary: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+License: Copyright 2010 Pallets
+        
+        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+        modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+        met:
+        
+        1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+            notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+        
+        2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+            notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+            documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+        
+        3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+            contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+            this software without specific prior written permission.
+        
+        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+        "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+        LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+        PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+        HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+        SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+        TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+        PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+        LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+        NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+        SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+        
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Changes, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
+Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+
+# MarkupSafe
+
+MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is
+safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are
+replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates
+injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed
+on a page.
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```pycon
+>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape
+
+>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
+>>> escape("<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>")
+Markup('&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')
+
+>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
+>>> Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>")
+Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
+
+>>> escape(Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>"))
+Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
+
+>>> # Markup is a str subclass
+>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
+>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>{name}</em>")
+>>> template.format(name='"World"')
+Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')
+```
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports MarkupSafe and other
+popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and
+users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects,
+[please donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..983ad3a
--- /dev/null
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+MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=qy0Plje5IJuvsCBjejJyhDCjEAdcDLK_2agVcex8Z6U,11
+markupsafe/__init__.py,sha256=sr-U6_27DfaSrj5jnHYxWN-pvhM27sjlDplMDPZKm7k,13214
+markupsafe/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+markupsafe/__pycache__/_native.cpython-312.pyc,,
+markupsafe/_native.py,sha256=hSLs8Jmz5aqayuengJJ3kdT5PwNpBWpKrmQSdipndC8,210
+markupsafe/_speedups.c,sha256=O7XulmTo-epI6n2FtMVOrJXl8EAaIwD2iNYmBI5SEoQ,4149
+markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=t1DBZlpsjFA30BOOvXfXfT1wvO_4cS16VbHz1-49q5U,43432
+markupsafe/_speedups.pyi,sha256=ENd1bYe7gbBUf2ywyYWOGUpnXOHNJ-cgTNqetlW8h5k,41
+markupsafe/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..057fef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (75.2.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75bf729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-3.0.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+markupsafe
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/AUTHORS.rst b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/AUTHORS.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e2b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/AUTHORS.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Authors
+=======
+
+``pyjwt`` is currently written and maintained by `Jose Padilla <https://github.com/jpadilla>`_.
+Originally written and maintained by `Jeff Lindsay <https://github.com/progrium>`_.
+
+A full list of contributors can be found on GitHub’s `overview <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/graphs/contributors>`_.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd0ecbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-2022 José Padilla
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f31b700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: PyJWT
+Version: 2.10.1
+Summary: JSON Web Token implementation in Python
+Author-email: Jose Padilla <hello@jpadilla.com>
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt
+Keywords: json,jwt,security,signing,token,web
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: AUTHORS.rst
+Provides-Extra: crypto
+Requires-Dist: cryptography>=3.4.0; extra == "crypto"
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: coverage[toml]==5.0.4; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: cryptography>=3.4.0; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: pre-commit; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: pytest<7.0.0,>=6.0.0; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: zope.interface; extra == "dev"
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: sphinx; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: zope.interface; extra == "docs"
+Provides-Extra: tests
+Requires-Dist: coverage[toml]==5.0.4; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: pytest<7.0.0,>=6.0.0; extra == "tests"
+
+PyJWT
+=====
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/workflows/CI/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/actions?query=workflow%3ACI
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pyjwt.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyjwt
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/jpadilla/pyjwt/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/jpadilla/pyjwt
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyjwt/badge/?version=stable
+   :target: https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
+
+A Python implementation of `RFC 7519 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519>`_. Original implementation was written by `@progrium <https://github.com/progrium>`_.
+
+Sponsor
+-------
+
+.. |auth0-logo| image:: https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ee98379e-ee76-4bcb-943a-e25c4ea6d174
+   :width: 160px
+
++--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| |auth0-logo| | If you want to quickly add secure token-based authentication to Python projects, feel free to check Auth0's Python SDK and free plan at `auth0.com/signup <https://auth0.com/signup?utm_source=external_sites&utm_medium=pyjwt&utm_campaign=devn_signup>`_. |
++--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+Installing
+----------
+
+Install with **pip**:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install PyJWT
+
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+    >>> import jwt
+    >>> encoded = jwt.encode({"some": "payload"}, "secret", algorithm="HS256")
+    >>> print(encoded)
+    eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb21lIjoicGF5bG9hZCJ9.4twFt5NiznN84AWoo1d7KO1T_yoc0Z6XOpOVswacPZg
+    >>> jwt.decode(encoded, "secret", algorithms=["HS256"])
+    {'some': 'payload'}
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+View the full docs online at https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
+
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+You can run tests from the project root after cloning with:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ tox
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..457a3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/RECORD
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/WHEEL
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index 0000000..ae527e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/WHEEL
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+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (75.6.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/PyJWT-2.10.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
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+jwt
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
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+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
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+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11069ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                              Apache License
+                        Version 2.0, January 2004
+                     http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+   "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+   and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+   "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+   the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+   "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
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+   direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
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+   outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+   "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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+
+   "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
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+
+   "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
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+4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbb8c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: bcrypt
+Version: 4.2.1
+Summary: Modern password hashing for your software and your servers
+Author-email: The Python Cryptographic Authority developers <cryptography-dev@python.org>
+License: Apache-2.0
+Project-URL: homepage, https://github.com/pyca/bcrypt/
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Provides-Extra: tests
+Requires-Dist: pytest!=3.3.0,>=3.2.1; extra == "tests"
+Provides-Extra: typecheck
+Requires-Dist: mypy; extra == "typecheck"
+
+bcrypt
+======
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/bcrypt.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/bcrypt/
+    :alt: Latest Version
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/pyca/bcrypt/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=main
+    :target: https://github.com/pyca/bcrypt/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amain
+
+Acceptable password hashing for your software and your servers (but you should
+really use argon2id or scrypt)
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+To install bcrypt, simply:
+
+.. code:: console
+
+    $ pip install bcrypt
+
+Note that bcrypt should build very easily on Linux provided you have a C
+compiler and a Rust compiler (the minimum supported Rust version is 1.56.0).
+
+For Debian and Ubuntu, the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed:
+
+.. code:: console
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install build-essential cargo
+
+For Fedora and RHEL-derivatives, the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed:
+
+.. code:: console
+
+    $ sudo yum install gcc cargo
+
+For Alpine, the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed:
+
+.. code:: console
+
+    $ apk add --update musl-dev gcc cargo
+
+
+Alternatives
+============
+
+While bcrypt remains an acceptable choice for password storage, depending on your specific use case you may also want to consider using scrypt (either via `standard library`_ or `cryptography`_) or argon2id via `argon2_cffi`_.
+
+Changelog
+=========
+
+4.2.1
+-----
+
+* Bump Rust dependency versions - this should resolve crashes on Python 3.13
+  free-threaded builds.
+* We no longer build ``manylinux`` wheels for PyPy 3.9.
+
+4.2.0
+-----
+
+* Bump Rust dependency versions
+* Removed the ``BCRYPT_ALLOW_RUST_163`` environment variable.
+
+4.1.3
+-----
+
+* Bump Rust dependency versions
+
+4.1.2
+-----
+
+* Publish both ``py37`` and ``py39`` wheels. This should resolve some errors
+  relating to initializing a module multiple times per process.
+
+4.1.1
+-----
+
+* Fixed the type signature on the ``kdf`` method.
+* Fixed packaging bug on Windows.
+* Fixed incompatibility with passlib package detection assumptions.
+
+4.1.0
+-----
+
+* Dropped support for Python 3.6.
+* Bumped MSRV to 1.64. (Note: Rust 1.63 can be used by setting the ``BCRYPT_ALLOW_RUST_163`` environment variable)
+
+4.0.1
+-----
+
+* We now build PyPy ``manylinux`` wheels.
+* Fixed a bug where passing an invalid ``salt`` to ``checkpw`` could result in
+  a ``pyo3_runtime.PanicException``. It now correctly raises a ``ValueError``.
+
+4.0.0
+-----
+
+* ``bcrypt`` is now implemented in Rust. Users building from source will need
+  to have a Rust compiler available. Nothing will change for users downloading
+  wheels.
+* We no longer ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels. Users should upgrade to the latest
+  ``pip`` to ensure this doesn’t cause issues downloading wheels on their
+  platform. We now ship ``manylinux_2_28`` wheels for users on new enough platforms.
+* ``NUL`` bytes are now allowed in inputs.
+
+
+3.2.2
+-----
+
+* Fixed packaging of ``py.typed`` files in wheels so that ``mypy`` works.
+
+3.2.1
+-----
+
+* Added support for compilation on z/OS
+* The next release of ``bcrypt`` with be 4.0 and it will require Rust at
+  compile time, for users building from source. There will be no additional
+  requirement for users who are installing from wheels. Users on most
+  platforms will be able to obtain a wheel by making sure they have an up to
+  date ``pip``. The minimum supported Rust version will be 1.56.0.
+* This will be the final release for which we ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels.
+  Going forward the minimum supported manylinux ABI for our wheels will be
+  ``manylinux2014``. The vast majority of users will continue to receive
+  ``manylinux`` wheels provided they have an up to date ``pip``.
+
+
+3.2.0
+-----
+
+* Added typehints for library functions.
+* Dropped support for Python versions less than 3.6 (2.7, 3.4, 3.5).
+* Shipped ``abi3`` Windows wheels (requires pip >= 20).
+
+3.1.7
+-----
+
+* Set a ``setuptools`` lower bound for PEP517 wheel building.
+* We no longer distribute 32-bit ``manylinux1`` wheels. Continuing to produce
+  them was a maintenance burden.
+
+3.1.6
+-----
+
+* Added support for compilation on Haiku.
+
+3.1.5
+-----
+
+* Added support for compilation on AIX.
+* Dropped Python 2.6 and 3.3 support.
+* Switched to using ``abi3`` wheels for Python 3. If you are not getting a
+  wheel on a compatible platform please upgrade your ``pip`` version.
+
+3.1.4
+-----
+
+* Fixed compilation with mingw and on illumos.
+
+3.1.3
+-----
+* Fixed a compilation issue on Solaris.
+* Added a warning when using too few rounds with ``kdf``.
+
+3.1.2
+-----
+* Fixed a compile issue affecting big endian platforms.
+* Fixed invalid escape sequence warnings on Python 3.6.
+* Fixed building in non-UTF8 environments on Python 2.
+
+3.1.1
+-----
+* Resolved a ``UserWarning`` when used with ``cffi`` 1.8.3.
+
+3.1.0
+-----
+* Added support for ``checkpw``, a convenience method for verifying a password.
+* Ensure that you get a ``$2y$`` hash when you input a ``$2y$`` salt.
+* Fixed a regression where ``$2a`` hashes were vulnerable to a wraparound bug.
+* Fixed compilation under Alpine Linux.
+
+3.0.0
+-----
+* Switched the C backend to code obtained from the OpenBSD project rather than
+  openwall.
+* Added support for ``bcrypt_pbkdf`` via the ``kdf`` function.
+
+2.0.0
+-----
+* Added support for an adjustible prefix when calling ``gensalt``.
+* Switched to CFFI 1.0+
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Password Hashing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Hashing and then later checking that a password matches the previous hashed
+password is very simple:
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+    >>> import bcrypt
+    >>> password = b"super secret password"
+    >>> # Hash a password for the first time, with a randomly-generated salt
+    >>> hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt())
+    >>> # Check that an unhashed password matches one that has previously been
+    >>> # hashed
+    >>> if bcrypt.checkpw(password, hashed):
+    ...     print("It Matches!")
+    ... else:
+    ...     print("It Does not Match :(")
+
+KDF
+~~~
+
+As of 3.0.0 ``bcrypt`` now offers a ``kdf`` function which does ``bcrypt_pbkdf``.
+This KDF is used in OpenSSH's newer encrypted private key format.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+    >>> import bcrypt
+    >>> key = bcrypt.kdf(
+    ...     password=b'password',
+    ...     salt=b'salt',
+    ...     desired_key_bytes=32,
+    ...     rounds=100)
+
+
+Adjustable Work Factor
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+One of bcrypt's features is an adjustable logarithmic work factor. To adjust
+the work factor merely pass the desired number of rounds to
+``bcrypt.gensalt(rounds=12)`` which defaults to 12):
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+    >>> import bcrypt
+    >>> password = b"super secret password"
+    >>> # Hash a password for the first time, with a certain number of rounds
+    >>> hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt(14))
+    >>> # Check that a unhashed password matches one that has previously been
+    >>> #   hashed
+    >>> if bcrypt.checkpw(password, hashed):
+    ...     print("It Matches!")
+    ... else:
+    ...     print("It Does not Match :(")
+
+
+Adjustable Prefix
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Another one of bcrypt's features is an adjustable prefix to let you define what
+libraries you'll remain compatible with. To adjust this, pass either ``2a`` or
+``2b`` (the default) to ``bcrypt.gensalt(prefix=b"2b")`` as a bytes object.
+
+As of 3.0.0 the ``$2y$`` prefix is still supported in ``hashpw`` but deprecated.
+
+Maximum Password Length
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The bcrypt algorithm only handles passwords up to 72 characters, any characters
+beyond that are ignored. To work around this, a common approach is to hash a
+password with a cryptographic hash (such as ``sha256``) and then base64
+encode it to prevent NULL byte problems before hashing the result with
+``bcrypt``:
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+    >>> password = b"an incredibly long password" * 10
+    >>> hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(
+    ...     base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha256(password).digest()),
+    ...     bcrypt.gensalt()
+    ... )
+
+Compatibility
+-------------
+
+This library should be compatible with py-bcrypt and it will run on Python
+3.6+, and PyPy 3.
+
+Security
+--------
+
+``bcrypt`` follows the `same security policy as cryptography`_, if you
+identify a vulnerability, we ask you to contact us privately.
+
+.. _`same security policy as cryptography`: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/security.html
+.. _`standard library`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#hashlib.scrypt
+.. _`argon2_cffi`: https://argon2-cffi.readthedocs.io
+.. _`cryptography`: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/hazmat/primitives/key-derivation-functions/#cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.scrypt.Scrypt
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b9d535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=gXPVwptPlW1TJ4HSuG5OMPg-a3h43OGMkZRR1rpwfJA,10850
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=9I1jiKhGDK7nBfaOm-rFxaqofBgxP8sPcSC8aHCjp-I,9807
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CWd2bcHWKTmDlOCtxYujGGtO2gFv1Z6YQy6Oqmd76wc,111
+bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=BkR_qBzDbSuycMzHWE1vzXrfYecAzUVmQs6G2CukqNI,7
+bcrypt/__init__.py,sha256=zTtuqGGQxDgxcqm1f_0UbbPS6uCl-WxL98gSYDMSUbw,1000
+bcrypt/__init__.pyi,sha256=ITUCB9mPVU8sKUbJQMDUH5YfQXZb1O55F9qvKZR_o8I,333
+bcrypt/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+bcrypt/_bcrypt.abi3.so,sha256=JYDgngquj0nblGpVWSBo7z9h3uHTCWjJZ6JLUD5c5JA,624720
+bcrypt/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65279e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (75.5.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f0b6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt-4.2.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bcrypt
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c201934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from ._bcrypt import (
+    __author__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __email__,
+    __license__,
+    __summary__,
+    __title__,
+    __uri__,
+    checkpw,
+    gensalt,
+    hashpw,
+    kdf,
+)
+from ._bcrypt import (
+    __version_ex__ as __version__,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "gensalt",
+    "hashpw",
+    "checkpw",
+    "kdf",
+    "__title__",
+    "__summary__",
+    "__uri__",
+    "__version__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e4a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+def gensalt(rounds: int = 12, prefix: bytes = b"2b") -> bytes: ...
+def hashpw(password: bytes, salt: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+def checkpw(password: bytes, hashed_password: bytes) -> bool: ...
+def kdf(
+    password: bytes,
+    salt: bytes,
+    desired_key_bytes: int,
+    rounds: int,
+    ignore_few_rounds: bool = False,
+) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc6033e
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/_bcrypt.abi3.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/_bcrypt.abi3.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..22b0a83
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/_bcrypt.abi3.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bcrypt/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79c9825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright 2010 Jason Kirtland
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d343f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: blinker
+Version: 1.9.0
+Summary: Fast, simple object-to-object and broadcast signaling
+Author: Jason Kirtland
+Maintainer-email: Pallets Ecosystem <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://blinker.readthedocs.io
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets-eco/blinker/
+
+# Blinker
+
+Blinker provides a fast dispatching system that allows any number of
+interested parties to subscribe to events, or "signals".
+
+
+## Pallets Community Ecosystem
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]\
+> This project is part of the Pallets Community Ecosystem. Pallets is the open
+> source organization that maintains Flask; Pallets-Eco enables community
+> maintenance of related projects. If you are interested in helping maintain
+> this project, please reach out on [the Pallets Discord server][discord].
+>
+> [discord]: https://discord.gg/pallets
+
+
+## Example
+
+Signal receivers can subscribe to specific senders or receive signals
+sent by any sender.
+
+```pycon
+>>> from blinker import signal
+>>> started = signal('round-started')
+>>> def each(round):
+...     print(f"Round {round}")
+...
+>>> started.connect(each)
+
+>>> def round_two(round):
+...     print("This is round two.")
+...
+>>> started.connect(round_two, sender=2)
+
+>>> for round in range(1, 4):
+...     started.send(round)
+...
+Round 1!
+Round 2!
+This is round two.
+Round 3!
+```
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6a9ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt,sha256=nrc6HzhZekqhcCXSrhvjg5Ykx5XphdTw6Xac4p-spGc,1054
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=uIRiM8wjjbHkCtbCyTvctU37IAZk0kEe5kxAld1dvzA,1633
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CpUCUxeHQbRN5UGRQHYRJorO5Af-Qy_fHMctcQ8DSGI,82
+blinker/__init__.py,sha256=I2EdZqpy4LyjX17Hn1yzJGWCjeLaVaPzsMgHkLfj_cQ,317
+blinker/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+blinker/__pycache__/_utilities.cpython-312.pyc,,
+blinker/__pycache__/base.cpython-312.pyc,,
+blinker/_utilities.py,sha256=0J7eeXXTUx0Ivf8asfpx0ycVkp0Eqfqnj117x2mYX9E,1675
+blinker/base.py,sha256=QpDuvXXcwJF49lUBcH5BiST46Rz9wSG7VW_p7N_027M,19132
+blinker/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c6fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker-1.9.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.10.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1772fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .base import ANY
+from .base import default_namespace
+from .base import NamedSignal
+from .base import Namespace
+from .base import Signal
+from .base import signal
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ANY",
+    "default_namespace",
+    "NamedSignal",
+    "Namespace",
+    "Signal",
+    "signal",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__pycache__/base.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/__pycache__/base.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/_utilities.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/_utilities.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..000c902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/_utilities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as c
+import inspect
+import typing as t
+from weakref import ref
+from weakref import WeakMethod
+
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Symbol:
+    """A constant symbol, nicer than ``object()``. Repeated calls return the
+    same instance.
+
+    >>> Symbol('foo') is Symbol('foo')
+    True
+    >>> Symbol('foo')
+    foo
+    """
+
+    symbols: t.ClassVar[dict[str, Symbol]] = {}
+
+    def __new__(cls, name: str) -> Symbol:
+        if name in cls.symbols:
+            return cls.symbols[name]
+
+        obj = super().__new__(cls)
+        cls.symbols[name] = obj
+        return obj
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self) -> tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        return (self.name,)
+
+
+def make_id(obj: object) -> c.Hashable:
+    """Get a stable identifier for a receiver or sender, to be used as a dict
+    key or in a set.
+    """
+    if inspect.ismethod(obj):
+        # The id of a bound method is not stable, but the id of the unbound
+        # function and instance are.
+        return id(obj.__func__), id(obj.__self__)
+
+    if isinstance(obj, (str, int)):
+        # Instances with the same value always compare equal and have the same
+        # hash, even if the id may change.
+        return obj
+
+    # Assume other types are not hashable but will always be the same instance.
+    return id(obj)
+
+
+def make_ref(obj: T, callback: c.Callable[[ref[T]], None] | None = None) -> ref[T]:
+    if inspect.ismethod(obj):
+        return WeakMethod(obj, callback)  # type: ignore[arg-type, return-value]
+
+    return ref(obj, callback)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d051b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as c
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import weakref
+from collections import defaultdict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import cached_property
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+
+from ._utilities import make_id
+from ._utilities import make_ref
+from ._utilities import Symbol
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=c.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+ANY = Symbol("ANY")
+"""Symbol for "any sender"."""
+
+ANY_ID = 0
+
+
+class Signal:
+    """A notification emitter.
+
+    :param doc: The docstring for the signal.
+    """
+
+    ANY = ANY
+    """An alias for the :data:`~blinker.ANY` sender symbol."""
+
+    set_class: type[set[t.Any]] = set
+    """The set class to use for tracking connected receivers and senders.
+    Python's ``set`` is unordered. If receivers must be dispatched in the order
+    they were connected, an ordered set implementation can be used.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7
+    """
+
+    @cached_property
+    def receiver_connected(self) -> Signal:
+        """Emitted at the end of each :meth:`connect` call.
+
+        The signal sender is the signal instance, and the :meth:`connect`
+        arguments are passed through: ``receiver``, ``sender``, and ``weak``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+        """
+        return Signal(doc="Emitted after a receiver connects.")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def receiver_disconnected(self) -> Signal:
+        """Emitted at the end of each :meth:`disconnect` call.
+
+        The sender is the signal instance, and the :meth:`disconnect` arguments
+        are passed through: ``receiver`` and ``sender``.
+
+        This signal is emitted **only** when :meth:`disconnect` is called
+        explicitly. This signal cannot be emitted by an automatic disconnect
+        when a weakly referenced receiver or sender goes out of scope, as the
+        instance is no longer be available to be used as the sender for this
+        signal.
+
+        An alternative approach is available by subscribing to
+        :attr:`receiver_connected` and setting up a custom weakref cleanup
+        callback on weak receivers and senders.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+        """
+        return Signal(doc="Emitted after a receiver disconnects.")
+
+    def __init__(self, doc: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if doc:
+            self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        self.receivers: dict[
+            t.Any, weakref.ref[c.Callable[..., t.Any]] | c.Callable[..., t.Any]
+        ] = {}
+        """The map of connected receivers. Useful to quickly check if any
+        receivers are connected to the signal: ``if s.receivers:``. The
+        structure and data is not part of the public API, but checking its
+        boolean value is.
+        """
+
+        self.is_muted: bool = False
+        self._by_receiver: dict[t.Any, set[t.Any]] = defaultdict(self.set_class)
+        self._by_sender: dict[t.Any, set[t.Any]] = defaultdict(self.set_class)
+        self._weak_senders: dict[t.Any, weakref.ref[t.Any]] = {}
+
+    def connect(self, receiver: F, sender: t.Any = ANY, weak: bool = True) -> F:
+        """Connect ``receiver`` to be called when the signal is sent by
+        ``sender``.
+
+        :param receiver: The callable to call when :meth:`send` is called with
+            the given ``sender``, passing ``sender`` as a positional argument
+            along with any extra keyword arguments.
+        :param sender: Any object or :data:`ANY`. ``receiver`` will only be
+            called when :meth:`send` is called with this sender. If ``ANY``, the
+            receiver will be called for any sender. A receiver may be connected
+            to multiple senders by calling :meth:`connect` multiple times.
+        :param weak: Track the receiver with a :mod:`weakref`. The receiver will
+            be automatically disconnected when it is garbage collected. When
+            connecting a receiver defined within a function, set to ``False``,
+            otherwise it will be disconnected when the function scope ends.
+        """
+        receiver_id = make_id(receiver)
+        sender_id = ANY_ID if sender is ANY else make_id(sender)
+
+        if weak:
+            self.receivers[receiver_id] = make_ref(
+                receiver, self._make_cleanup_receiver(receiver_id)
+            )
+        else:
+            self.receivers[receiver_id] = receiver
+
+        self._by_sender[sender_id].add(receiver_id)
+        self._by_receiver[receiver_id].add(sender_id)
+
+        if sender is not ANY and sender_id not in self._weak_senders:
+            # store a cleanup for weakref-able senders
+            try:
+                self._weak_senders[sender_id] = make_ref(
+                    sender, self._make_cleanup_sender(sender_id)
+                )
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+
+        if "receiver_connected" in self.__dict__ and self.receiver_connected.receivers:
+            try:
+                self.receiver_connected.send(
+                    self, receiver=receiver, sender=sender, weak=weak
+                )
+            except TypeError:
+                # TODO no explanation or test for this
+                self.disconnect(receiver, sender)
+                raise
+
+        return receiver
+
+    def connect_via(self, sender: t.Any, weak: bool = False) -> c.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Connect the decorated function to be called when the signal is sent
+        by ``sender``.
+
+        The decorated function will be called when :meth:`send` is called with
+        the given ``sender``, passing ``sender`` as a positional argument along
+        with any extra keyword arguments.
+
+        :param sender: Any object or :data:`ANY`. ``receiver`` will only be
+            called when :meth:`send` is called with this sender. If ``ANY``, the
+            receiver will be called for any sender. A receiver may be connected
+            to multiple senders by calling :meth:`connect` multiple times.
+        :param weak: Track the receiver with a :mod:`weakref`. The receiver will
+            be automatically disconnected when it is garbage collected. When
+            connecting a receiver defined within a function, set to ``False``,
+            otherwise it will be disconnected when the function scope ends.=
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+        """
+
+        def decorator(fn: F) -> F:
+            self.connect(fn, sender, weak)
+            return fn
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def connected_to(
+        self, receiver: c.Callable[..., t.Any], sender: t.Any = ANY
+    ) -> c.Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """A context manager that temporarily connects ``receiver`` to the
+        signal while a ``with`` block executes. When the block exits, the
+        receiver is disconnected. Useful for tests.
+
+        :param receiver: The callable to call when :meth:`send` is called with
+            the given ``sender``, passing ``sender`` as a positional argument
+            along with any extra keyword arguments.
+        :param sender: Any object or :data:`ANY`. ``receiver`` will only be
+            called when :meth:`send` is called with this sender. If ``ANY``, the
+            receiver will be called for any sender.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+        """
+        self.connect(receiver, sender=sender, weak=False)
+
+        try:
+            yield None
+        finally:
+            self.disconnect(receiver)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def muted(self) -> c.Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """A context manager that temporarily disables the signal. No receivers
+        will be called if the signal is sent, until the ``with`` block exits.
+        Useful for tests.
+        """
+        self.is_muted = True
+
+        try:
+            yield None
+        finally:
+            self.is_muted = False
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        sender: t.Any | None = None,
+        /,
+        *,
+        _async_wrapper: c.Callable[
+            [c.Callable[..., c.Coroutine[t.Any, t.Any, t.Any]]], c.Callable[..., t.Any]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> list[tuple[c.Callable[..., t.Any], t.Any]]:
+        """Call all receivers that are connected to the given ``sender``
+        or :data:`ANY`. Each receiver is called with ``sender`` as a positional
+        argument along with any extra keyword arguments. Return a list of
+        ``(receiver, return value)`` tuples.
+
+        The order receivers are called is undefined, but can be influenced by
+        setting :attr:`set_class`.
+
+        If a receiver raises an exception, that exception will propagate up.
+        This makes debugging straightforward, with an assumption that correctly
+        implemented receivers will not raise.
+
+        :param sender: Call receivers connected to this sender, in addition to
+            those connected to :data:`ANY`.
+        :param _async_wrapper: Will be called on any receivers that are async
+            coroutines to turn them into sync callables. For example, could run
+            the receiver with an event loop.
+        :param kwargs: Extra keyword arguments to pass to each receiver.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.7
+            Added the ``_async_wrapper`` argument.
+        """
+        if self.is_muted:
+            return []
+
+        results = []
+
+        for receiver in self.receivers_for(sender):
+            if iscoroutinefunction(receiver):
+                if _async_wrapper is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Cannot send to a coroutine function.")
+
+                result = _async_wrapper(receiver)(sender, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                result = receiver(sender, **kwargs)
+
+            results.append((receiver, result))
+
+        return results
+
+    async def send_async(
+        self,
+        sender: t.Any | None = None,
+        /,
+        *,
+        _sync_wrapper: c.Callable[
+            [c.Callable[..., t.Any]], c.Callable[..., c.Coroutine[t.Any, t.Any, t.Any]]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> list[tuple[c.Callable[..., t.Any], t.Any]]:
+        """Await all receivers that are connected to the given ``sender``
+        or :data:`ANY`. Each receiver is called with ``sender`` as a positional
+        argument along with any extra keyword arguments. Return a list of
+        ``(receiver, return value)`` tuples.
+
+        The order receivers are called is undefined, but can be influenced by
+        setting :attr:`set_class`.
+
+        If a receiver raises an exception, that exception will propagate up.
+        This makes debugging straightforward, with an assumption that correctly
+        implemented receivers will not raise.
+
+        :param sender: Call receivers connected to this sender, in addition to
+            those connected to :data:`ANY`.
+        :param _sync_wrapper: Will be called on any receivers that are sync
+            callables to turn them into async coroutines. For example,
+            could call the receiver in a thread.
+        :param kwargs: Extra keyword arguments to pass to each receiver.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7
+        """
+        if self.is_muted:
+            return []
+
+        results = []
+
+        for receiver in self.receivers_for(sender):
+            if not iscoroutinefunction(receiver):
+                if _sync_wrapper is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Cannot send to a non-coroutine function.")
+
+                result = await _sync_wrapper(receiver)(sender, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                result = await receiver(sender, **kwargs)
+
+            results.append((receiver, result))
+
+        return results
+
+    def has_receivers_for(self, sender: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if there is at least one receiver that will be called with the
+        given ``sender``. A receiver connected to :data:`ANY` will always be
+        called, regardless of sender. Does not check if weakly referenced
+        receivers are still live. See :meth:`receivers_for` for a stronger
+        search.
+
+        :param sender: Check for receivers connected to this sender, in addition
+            to those connected to :data:`ANY`.
+        """
+        if not self.receivers:
+            return False
+
+        if self._by_sender[ANY_ID]:
+            return True
+
+        if sender is ANY:
+            return False
+
+        return make_id(sender) in self._by_sender
+
+    def receivers_for(
+        self, sender: t.Any
+    ) -> c.Generator[c.Callable[..., t.Any], None, None]:
+        """Yield each receiver to be called for ``sender``, in addition to those
+        to be called for :data:`ANY`. Weakly referenced receivers that are not
+        live will be disconnected and skipped.
+
+        :param sender: Yield receivers connected to this sender, in addition
+            to those connected to :data:`ANY`.
+        """
+        # TODO: test receivers_for(ANY)
+        if not self.receivers:
+            return
+
+        sender_id = make_id(sender)
+
+        if sender_id in self._by_sender:
+            ids = self._by_sender[ANY_ID] | self._by_sender[sender_id]
+        else:
+            ids = self._by_sender[ANY_ID].copy()
+
+        for receiver_id in ids:
+            receiver = self.receivers.get(receiver_id)
+
+            if receiver is None:
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(receiver, weakref.ref):
+                strong = receiver()
+
+                if strong is None:
+                    self._disconnect(receiver_id, ANY_ID)
+                    continue
+
+                yield strong
+            else:
+                yield receiver
+
+    def disconnect(self, receiver: c.Callable[..., t.Any], sender: t.Any = ANY) -> None:
+        """Disconnect ``receiver`` from being called when the signal is sent by
+        ``sender``.
+
+        :param receiver: A connected receiver callable.
+        :param sender: Disconnect from only this sender. By default, disconnect
+            from all senders.
+        """
+        sender_id: c.Hashable
+
+        if sender is ANY:
+            sender_id = ANY_ID
+        else:
+            sender_id = make_id(sender)
+
+        receiver_id = make_id(receiver)
+        self._disconnect(receiver_id, sender_id)
+
+        if (
+            "receiver_disconnected" in self.__dict__
+            and self.receiver_disconnected.receivers
+        ):
+            self.receiver_disconnected.send(self, receiver=receiver, sender=sender)
+
+    def _disconnect(self, receiver_id: c.Hashable, sender_id: c.Hashable) -> None:
+        if sender_id == ANY_ID:
+            if self._by_receiver.pop(receiver_id, None) is not None:
+                for bucket in self._by_sender.values():
+                    bucket.discard(receiver_id)
+
+            self.receivers.pop(receiver_id, None)
+        else:
+            self._by_sender[sender_id].discard(receiver_id)
+            self._by_receiver[receiver_id].discard(sender_id)
+
+    def _make_cleanup_receiver(
+        self, receiver_id: c.Hashable
+    ) -> c.Callable[[weakref.ref[c.Callable[..., t.Any]]], None]:
+        """Create a callback function to disconnect a weakly referenced
+        receiver when it is garbage collected.
+        """
+
+        def cleanup(ref: weakref.ref[c.Callable[..., t.Any]]) -> None:
+            # If the interpreter is shutting down, disconnecting can result in a
+            # weird ignored exception. Don't call it in that case.
+            if not sys.is_finalizing():
+                self._disconnect(receiver_id, ANY_ID)
+
+        return cleanup
+
+    def _make_cleanup_sender(
+        self, sender_id: c.Hashable
+    ) -> c.Callable[[weakref.ref[t.Any]], None]:
+        """Create a callback function to disconnect all receivers for a weakly
+        referenced sender when it is garbage collected.
+        """
+        assert sender_id != ANY_ID
+
+        def cleanup(ref: weakref.ref[t.Any]) -> None:
+            self._weak_senders.pop(sender_id, None)
+
+            for receiver_id in self._by_sender.pop(sender_id, ()):
+                self._by_receiver[receiver_id].discard(sender_id)
+
+        return cleanup
+
+    def _cleanup_bookkeeping(self) -> None:
+        """Prune unused sender/receiver bookkeeping. Not threadsafe.
+
+        Connecting & disconnecting leaves behind a small amount of bookkeeping
+        data. Typical workloads using Blinker, for example in most web apps,
+        Flask, CLI scripts, etc., are not adversely affected by this
+        bookkeeping.
+
+        With a long-running process performing dynamic signal routing with high
+        volume, e.g. connecting to function closures, senders are all unique
+        object instances. Doing all of this over and over may cause memory usage
+        to grow due to extraneous bookkeeping. (An empty ``set`` for each stale
+        sender/receiver pair.)
+
+        This method will prune that bookkeeping away, with the caveat that such
+        pruning is not threadsafe. The risk is that cleanup of a fully
+        disconnected receiver/sender pair occurs while another thread is
+        connecting that same pair. If you are in the highly dynamic, unique
+        receiver/sender situation that has lead you to this method, that failure
+        mode is perhaps not a big deal for you.
+        """
+        for mapping in (self._by_sender, self._by_receiver):
+            for ident, bucket in list(mapping.items()):
+                if not bucket:
+                    mapping.pop(ident, None)
+
+    def _clear_state(self) -> None:
+        """Disconnect all receivers and senders. Useful for tests."""
+        self._weak_senders.clear()
+        self.receivers.clear()
+        self._by_sender.clear()
+        self._by_receiver.clear()
+
+
+class NamedSignal(Signal):
+    """A named generic notification emitter. The name is not used by the signal
+    itself, but matches the key in the :class:`Namespace` that it belongs to.
+
+    :param name: The name of the signal within the namespace.
+    :param doc: The docstring for the signal.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, doc: str | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(doc)
+
+        #: The name of this signal.
+        self.name: str = name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        base = super().__repr__()
+        return f"{base[:-1]}; {self.name!r}>"  # noqa: E702
+
+
+class Namespace(dict[str, NamedSignal]):
+    """A dict mapping names to signals."""
+
+    def signal(self, name: str, doc: str | None = None) -> NamedSignal:
+        """Return the :class:`NamedSignal` for the given ``name``, creating it
+        if required. Repeated calls with the same name return the same signal.
+
+        :param name: The name of the signal.
+        :param doc: The docstring of the signal.
+        """
+        if name not in self:
+            self[name] = NamedSignal(name, doc)
+
+        return self[name]
+
+
+class _PNamespaceSignal(t.Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, name: str, doc: str | None = None) -> NamedSignal: ...
+
+
+default_namespace: Namespace = Namespace()
+"""A default :class:`Namespace` for creating named signals. :func:`signal`
+creates a :class:`NamedSignal` in this namespace.
+"""
+
+signal: _PNamespaceSignal = default_namespace.signal
+"""Return a :class:`NamedSignal` in :data:`default_namespace` with the given
+``name``, creating it if required. Repeated calls with the same name return the
+same signal.
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/blinker/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29225ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+Except when otherwise stated (look for LICENSE files in directories or
+information at the beginning of each file) all software and
+documentation is licensed as follows: 
+
+    The MIT License
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person 
+    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation 
+    files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without 
+    restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, 
+    copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or 
+    sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
+    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS 
+    OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL 
+    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING 
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER 
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60b0779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: cffi
+Version: 1.17.1
+Summary: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
+Home-page: http://cffi.readthedocs.org
+Author: Armin Rigo, Maciej Fijalkowski
+Author-email: python-cffi@googlegroups.com
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, http://cffi.readthedocs.org/
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi
+Project-URL: Issue Tracker, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/whatsnew.html
+Project-URL: Downloads, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi/releases
+Project-URL: Contact, https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/python-cffi
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: pycparser
+
+
+CFFI
+====
+
+Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
+Please see the `Documentation <http://cffi.readthedocs.org/>`_.
+
+Contact
+-------
+
+`Mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/python-cffi>`_
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a618c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+_cffi_backend.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=-fK60bkCudr6tjAHt4dA3x_CHaOWgVs_Lb2J0JGO3Po,1114632
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=BLgPWwd7vtaICM_rreteNSPyqMmpZJXFh72W3x6sKjM,1294
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=u6nuvP_qPJKu2zvIbi2zkGzVu7KjnnRIYUFyIrOY3j4,1531
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=h7F_RlbsFAwUaa98BSEEv6RQhdTqVo2FhuJDzTSKXxc,151
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=y6jTxnyeuLnL-XJcDv8uML3n6wyYiGRg8MTp_QGJ9Ho,75
+cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=rE7WR3rZfNKxWI9-jn6hsHCAl7MDkB-FmuQbxWjFehQ,19
+cffi/__init__.py,sha256=H6t_ebva6EeHpUuItFLW1gbRp94eZRNJODLaWKdbx1I,513
+cffi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+cffi/__pycache__/verifier.cpython-312.pyc,,
+cffi/_cffi_errors.h,sha256=zQXt7uR_m8gUW-fI2hJg0KoSkJFwXv8RGUkEDZ177dQ,3908
+cffi/_cffi_include.h,sha256=Exhmgm9qzHWzWivjfTe0D7Xp4rPUkVxdNuwGhMTMzbw,15055
+cffi/_embedding.h,sha256=EDKw5QrLvQoe3uosXB3H1xPVTYxsn33eV3A43zsA_Fw,18787
+cffi/_imp_emulation.py,sha256=RxREG8zAbI2RPGBww90u_5fi8sWdahpdipOoPzkp7C0,2960
+cffi/_shimmed_dist_utils.py,sha256=Bjj2wm8yZbvFvWEx5AEfmqaqZyZFhYfoyLLQHkXZuao,2230
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+cffi/lock.py,sha256=l9TTdwMIMpi6jDkJGnQgE9cvTIR7CAntIJr8EGHt3pY,747
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+cffi/recompiler.py,sha256=sim4Tm7lamt2Jn8uzKN0wMYp6ODByk3g7of47-h9LD4,65367
+cffi/setuptools_ext.py,sha256=-ebj79lO2_AUH-kRcaja2pKY1Z_5tloGwsJgzK8P3Cc,8871
+cffi/vengine_cpy.py,sha256=8UagT6ZEOZf6Dju7_CfNulue8CnsHLEzJYhnqUhoF04,43752
+cffi/vengine_gen.py,sha256=DUlEIrDiVin1Pnhn1sfoamnS5NLqfJcOdhRoeSNeJRg,26939
+cffi/verifier.py,sha256=oX8jpaohg2Qm3aHcznidAdvrVm5N4sQYG0a3Eo5mIl4,11182
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0631b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (74.1.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0274f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[distutils.setup_keywords]
+cffi_modules = cffi.setuptools_ext:cffi_modules
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f645779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+_cffi_backend
+cffi
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e35a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+__all__ = ['FFI', 'VerificationError', 'VerificationMissing', 'CDefError',
+           'FFIError']
+
+from .api import FFI
+from .error import CDefError, FFIError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
+from .error import PkgConfigError
+
+__version__ = "1.17.1"
+__version_info__ = (1, 17, 1)
+
+# The verifier module file names are based on the CRC32 of a string that
+# contains the following version number.  It may be older than __version__
+# if nothing is clearly incompatible.
+__version_verifier_modules__ = "0.8.6"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/__pycache__/verifier.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/__pycache__/verifier.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_errors.h b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_errors.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158e059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_errors.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#ifndef CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
+# ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX  1
+# else
+#  define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX  0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
+#if CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
+/* Windows only: logic to take the Python-CFFI embedding logic
+   initialization errors and display them in a background thread
+   with MessageBox.  The idea is that if the whole program closes
+   as a result of this problem, then likely it is already a console
+   program and you can read the stderr output in the console too.
+   If it is not a console program, then it will likely show its own
+   dialog to complain, or generally not abruptly close, and for this
+   case the background thread should stay alive.
+*/
+static void *volatile _cffi_bootstrap_text;
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void)
+{
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    PyObject *x, *m, *bi;
+
+    if (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(&_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+            (void *)1, NULL) != NULL)
+        return (PyObject *)1;
+
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("_cffi_error_capture");
+    if (m == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    result = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    bi = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins");
+#else
+    bi = PyImport_ImportModule("__builtin__");
+#endif
+    if (bi == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    PyDict_SetItemString(result, "__builtins__", bi);
+    Py_DECREF(bi);
+
+    x = PyRun_String(
+        "import sys\n"
+        "class FileLike:\n"
+        "  def write(self, x):\n"
+        "    try:\n"
+        "      of.write(x)\n"
+        "    except: pass\n"
+        "    self.buf += x\n"
+        "  def flush(self):\n"
+        "    pass\n"
+        "fl = FileLike()\n"
+        "fl.buf = ''\n"
+        "of = sys.stderr\n"
+        "sys.stderr = fl\n"
+        "def done():\n"
+        "  sys.stderr = of\n"
+        "  return fl.buf\n",   /* make sure the returned value stays alive */
+        Py_file_input,
+        result, result);
+    Py_XDECREF(x);
+
+ error:
+    if (PyErr_Occurred())
+    {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(Py_None);
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "user32.lib")
+
+static DWORD WINAPI _cffi_bootstrap_dialog(LPVOID ignored)
+{
+    Sleep(666);    /* may be interrupted if the whole process is closing */
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    MessageBoxW(NULL, (wchar_t *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+                L"Python-CFFI error",
+                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+#else
+    MessageBoxA(NULL, (char *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+                "Python-CFFI error",
+                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+#endif
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap)
+{
+    PyObject *s;
+    void *text;
+
+    if (ecap == (PyObject *)1)
+        return;
+
+    if (ecap == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    s = PyRun_String("done()", Py_eval_input, ecap, ecap);
+    if (s == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    /* Show a dialog box, but in a background thread, and
+       never show multiple dialog boxes at once. */
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    text = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(s, NULL);
+#else
+    text = PyString_AsString(s);
+#endif
+
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = text;
+
+    if (text != NULL)
+    {
+        HANDLE h;
+        h = CreateThread(NULL, 0, _cffi_bootstrap_dialog,
+                         NULL, 0, NULL);
+        if (h != NULL)
+            CloseHandle(h);
+    }
+    /* decref the string, but it should stay alive as 'fl.buf'
+       in the small module above.  It will really be freed only if
+       we later get another similar error.  So it's a leak of at
+       most one copy of the small module.  That's fine for this
+       situation which is usually a "fatal error" anyway. */
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return;
+
+  error:
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
+    PyErr_Clear();
+}
+
+#else
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void) { return NULL; }
+static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap) { }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_include.h b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_include.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908a1d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_include.h
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+#define _CFFI_
+
+/* We try to define Py_LIMITED_API before including Python.h.
+
+   Mess: we can only define it if Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS and
+   Py_REF_DEBUG are not defined.  This is a best-effort approximation:
+   we can learn about Py_DEBUG from pyconfig.h, but it is unclear if
+   the same works for the other two macros.  Py_DEBUG implies them,
+   but not the other way around.
+
+   The implementation is messy (issue #350): on Windows, with _MSC_VER,
+   we have to define Py_LIMITED_API even before including pyconfig.h.
+   In that case, we guess what pyconfig.h will do to the macros above,
+   and check our guess after the #include.
+
+   Note that on Windows, with CPython 3.x, you need >= 3.5 and virtualenv
+   version >= 16.0.0.  With older versions of either, you don't get a
+   copy of PYTHON3.DLL in the virtualenv.  We can't check the version of
+   CPython *before* we even include pyconfig.h.  ffi.set_source() puts
+   a ``#define _CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API'' at the start of this file if it is
+   running on Windows < 3.5, as an attempt at fixing it, but that's
+   arguably wrong because it may not be the target version of Python.
+   Still better than nothing I guess.  As another workaround, you can
+   remove the definition of Py_LIMITED_API here.
+
+   See also 'py_limited_api' in cffi/setuptools_ext.py.
+*/
+#if !defined(_CFFI_USE_EMBEDDING) && !defined(Py_LIMITED_API)
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    if !defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG) && !defined(_CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API)
+#      define Py_LIMITED_API
+#    endif
+#    include <pyconfig.h>
+     /* sanity-check: Py_LIMITED_API will cause crashes if any of these
+        are also defined.  Normally, the Python file PC/pyconfig.h does not
+        cause any of these to be defined, with the exception that _DEBUG
+        causes Py_DEBUG.  Double-check that. */
+#    ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
+#      if defined(Py_DEBUG)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_DEBUG, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#      if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_TRACE_REFS, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#      if defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_REF_DEBUG, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    include <pyconfig.h>
+#    if !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG) && !defined(_CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API)
+#      define Py_LIMITED_API
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "parse_c_type.h"
+
+/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
+   c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
+   and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+# include <malloc.h>   /* for alloca() */
+# if _MSC_VER < 1600   /* MSVC < 2010 */
+   typedef __int8 int8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
+   typedef __int64 intmax_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
+# else
+#  include <stdint.h>
+# endif
+# if _MSC_VER < 1800   /* MSVC < 2013 */
+#  ifndef __cplusplus
+    typedef unsigned char _Bool;
+#  endif
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   _Fcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  _Dcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+#else
+# include <stdint.h>
+# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
+#  include <alloca.h>
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   float _Complex
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  double _Complex
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN  __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+# ifndef _Bool
+   typedef bool _Bool;   /* semi-hackish: C++ has no _Bool; bool is builtin */
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/**********  CPython-specific section  **********/
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+# define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#endif
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_double PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_float PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_long PyInt_FromLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulong PyLong_FromUnsignedLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_longlong PyLong_FromLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulonglong PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c__Bool PyBool_FromLong
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_double PyFloat_AsDouble
+#define _cffi_to_c_float PyFloat_AsDouble
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_int(x, type)                                        \
+    (((type)-1) > 0 ? /* unsigned */                                     \
+        (sizeof(type) < sizeof(long) ?                                   \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+         sizeof(type) == sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)x) :                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)x)) :        \
+        (sizeof(type) <= sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+            PyLong_FromLongLong((long long)x)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_int(o, type)                                          \
+    ((type)(                                                             \
+     sizeof(type) == 1 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u8(o)        \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i8(o)) :     \
+     sizeof(type) == 2 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u16(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i16(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 4 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u32(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i32(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 8 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u64(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i64(o)) :    \
+     (Py_FatalError("unsupported size for type " #type), (type)0)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_i8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[1])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[2])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[3])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[4])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i32                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[5])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u32                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[6])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i64                                                   \
+                 ((long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[7])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u64                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[8])
+#define _cffi_to_c_char                                                  \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[9])
+#define _cffi_from_c_pointer                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[10])
+#define _cffi_to_c_pointer                                               \
+    ((char *(*)(PyObject *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[11])
+#define _cffi_get_struct_layout                                          \
+    not used any more
+#define _cffi_restore_errno                                              \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[13])
+#define _cffi_save_errno                                                 \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[14])
+#define _cffi_from_c_char                                                \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char))_cffi_exports[15])
+#define _cffi_from_c_deref                                               \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[16])
+#define _cffi_to_c                                                       \
+    ((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[17])
+#define _cffi_from_c_struct                                              \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[18])
+#define _cffi_to_c_wchar_t                                               \
+    ((_cffi_wchar_t(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[19])
+#define _cffi_from_c_wchar_t                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(_cffi_wchar_t))_cffi_exports[20])
+#define _cffi_to_c_long_double                                           \
+    ((long double(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[21])
+#define _cffi_to_c__Bool                                                 \
+    ((_Bool(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[22])
+#define _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument                              \
+    ((Py_ssize_t(*)(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *,                           \
+                    PyObject *, char **))_cffi_exports[23])
+#define _cffi_convert_array_from_object                                  \
+    ((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[24])
+#define _CFFI_CPIDX  25
+#define _cffi_call_python                                                \
+    ((void(*)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *))_cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX])
+#define _cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t                                           \
+    ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[26])
+#define _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t                                         \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(int))_cffi_exports[27])
+#define _CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS 28
+
+struct _cffi_ctypedescr;
+
+static void *_cffi_exports[_CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS];
+
+#define _cffi_type(index)   (                           \
+    assert((((uintptr_t)_cffi_types[index]) & 1) == 0), \
+    (struct _cffi_ctypedescr *)_cffi_types[index])
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_init(const char *module_name, Py_ssize_t version,
+                            const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx)
+{
+    PyObject *module, *o_arg, *new_module;
+    void *raw[] = {
+        (void *)module_name,
+        (void *)version,
+        (void *)_cffi_exports,
+        (void *)ctx,
+    };
+
+    module = PyImport_ImportModule("_cffi_backend");
+    if (module == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+
+    o_arg = PyLong_FromVoidPtr((void *)raw);
+    if (o_arg == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+
+    new_module = PyObject_CallMethod(
+        module, (char *)"_init_cffi_1_0_external_module", (char *)"O", o_arg);
+
+    Py_DECREF(o_arg);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return new_module;
+
+  failure:
+    Py_XDECREF(module);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H
+typedef wchar_t _cffi_wchar_t;
+#else
+typedef uint16_t _cffi_wchar_t;   /* same random pick as _cffi_backend.c */
+#endif
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static uint16_t _cffi_to_c_char16_t(PyObject *o)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
+        return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
+    else
+        return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char16_t(uint16_t x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
+    else
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int _cffi_to_c_char32_t(PyObject *o)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
+        return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
+    else
+        return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char32_t(unsigned int x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
+    else
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
+}
+
+union _cffi_union_alignment_u {
+    unsigned char m_char;
+    unsigned short m_short;
+    unsigned int m_int;
+    unsigned long m_long;
+    unsigned long long m_longlong;
+    float m_float;
+    double m_double;
+    long double m_longdouble;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_freeme_s {
+    struct _cffi_freeme_s *next;
+    union _cffi_union_alignment_u alignment;
+};
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int
+_cffi_convert_array_argument(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *ctptr, PyObject *arg,
+                             char **output_data, Py_ssize_t datasize,
+                             struct _cffi_freeme_s **freeme)
+{
+    char *p;
+    if (datasize < 0)
+        return -1;
+
+    p = *output_data;
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        struct _cffi_freeme_s *fp = (struct _cffi_freeme_s *)PyObject_Malloc(
+            offsetof(struct _cffi_freeme_s, alignment) + (size_t)datasize);
+        if (fp == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        fp->next = *freeme;
+        *freeme = fp;
+        p = *output_data = (char *)&fp->alignment;
+    }
+    memset((void *)p, 0, (size_t)datasize);
+    return _cffi_convert_array_from_object(p, ctptr, arg);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static void
+_cffi_free_array_arguments(struct _cffi_freeme_s *freeme)
+{
+    do {
+        void *p = (void *)freeme;
+        freeme = freeme->next;
+        PyObject_Free(p);
+    } while (freeme != NULL);
+}
+
+/**********  end CPython-specific section  **********/
+#else
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
+static void (*_cffi_call_python_org)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+# define _cffi_call_python  _cffi_call_python_org
+#endif
+
+
+#define _cffi_array_len(array)   (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define _cffi_prim_int(size, sign)                                      \
+    ((size) == 1 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT8  : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT8)  :    \
+     (size) == 2 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT16 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT16) :    \
+     (size) == 4 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT32 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT32) :    \
+     (size) == 8 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT64 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT64) :    \
+     _CFFI__UNKNOWN_PRIM)
+
+#define _cffi_prim_float(size)                                          \
+    ((size) == sizeof(float) ? _CFFI_PRIM_FLOAT :                       \
+     (size) == sizeof(double) ? _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLE :                     \
+     (size) == sizeof(long double) ? _CFFI__UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE :       \
+     _CFFI__UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM)
+
+#define _cffi_check_int(got, got_nonpos, expected)      \
+    ((got_nonpos) == (expected <= 0) &&                 \
+     (got) == (unsigned long long)expected)
+
+#ifdef MS_WIN32
+# define _cffi_stdcall  __stdcall
+#else
+# define _cffi_stdcall  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_embedding.h b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_embedding.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94d8b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_embedding.h
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+
+/***** Support code for embedding *****/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+
+/* There are two global variables of type _cffi_call_python_fnptr:
+
+   * _cffi_call_python, which we declare just below, is the one called
+     by ``extern "Python"`` implementations.
+
+   * _cffi_call_python_org, which on CPython is actually part of the
+     _cffi_exports[] array, is the function pointer copied from
+     _cffi_backend.  If _cffi_start_python() fails, then this is set
+     to NULL; otherwise, it should never be NULL.
+
+   After initialization is complete, both are equal.  However, the
+   first one remains equal to &_cffi_start_and_call_python until the
+   very end of initialization, when we are (or should be) sure that
+   concurrent threads also see a completely initialized world, and
+   only then is it changed.
+*/
+#undef _cffi_call_python
+typedef void (*_cffi_call_python_fnptr)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+static void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_call_python = &_cffi_start_and_call_python;
+
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+   /* --- Assuming a GCC not infinitely old --- */
+# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n)  __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(l,o,n)
+# define cffi_write_barrier()          __sync_synchronize()
+# if !defined(__amd64__) && !defined(__x86_64__) &&   \
+     !defined(__i386__) && !defined(__i386)
+#   define cffi_read_barrier()         __sync_synchronize()
+# else
+#   define cffi_read_barrier()         (void)0
+# endif
+#else
+   /* --- Windows threads version --- */
+# include <Windows.h>
+# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n) \
+                               (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(l,n,o) == (o))
+# define cffi_write_barrier()       InterlockedCompareExchange(&_cffi_dummy,0,0)
+# define cffi_read_barrier()           (void)0
+static volatile LONG _cffi_dummy;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+# ifndef _MSC_VER
+#  include <pthread.h>
+   static pthread_mutex_t _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
+# else
+   static CRITICAL_SECTION _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
+# endif
+  static char _cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 0;
+#endif
+
+static void _cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex(void)
+{
+    static void *volatile lock = NULL;
+
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, NULL, (void *)1)) {
+        /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+           hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+           think: pthread_mutex_init() should be very fast, and
+           this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+    }
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    if (!_cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready) {
+# ifndef _MSC_VER
+        pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
+        pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
+        pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+        pthread_mutex_init(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock, &attr);
+# else
+        InitializeCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+# endif
+        _cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 1;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, (void *)1, NULL))
+        ;
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#else
+    EnterCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void _cffi_release_reentrant_mutex(void)
+{
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#else
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/**********  CPython-specific section  **********/
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+
+#include "_cffi_errors.h"
+
+
+#define _cffi_call_python_org  _cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX]
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(void);   /* forward */
+
+static void _cffi_py_initialize(void)
+{
+    /* XXX use initsigs=0, which "skips initialization registration of
+       signal handlers, which might be useful when Python is
+       embedded" according to the Python docs.  But review and think
+       if it should be a user-controllable setting.
+
+       XXX we should also give a way to write errors to a buffer
+       instead of to stderr.
+
+       XXX if importing 'site' fails, CPython (any version) calls
+       exit().  Should we try to work around this behavior here?
+    */
+    Py_InitializeEx(0);
+}
+
+static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
+{
+    /* This initializes Python, imports _cffi_backend, and then the
+       present .dll/.so is set up as a CPython C extension module.
+    */
+    int result;
+    PyGILState_STATE state;
+    PyObject *pycode=NULL, *global_dict=NULL, *x;
+    PyObject *builtins;
+
+    state = PyGILState_Ensure();
+
+    /* Call the initxxx() function from the present module.  It will
+       create and initialize us as a CPython extension module, instead
+       of letting the startup Python code do it---it might reimport
+       the same .dll/.so and get maybe confused on some platforms.
+       It might also have troubles locating the .dll/.so again for all
+       I know.
+    */
+    (void)_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC();
+    if (PyErr_Occurred())
+        goto error;
+
+    /* Now run the Python code provided to ffi.embedding_init_code().
+     */
+    pycode = Py_CompileString(_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
+                              "<init code for '" _CFFI_MODULE_NAME "'>",
+                              Py_file_input);
+    if (pycode == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    global_dict = PyDict_New();
+    if (global_dict == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    builtins = PyEval_GetBuiltins();
+    if (builtins == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(global_dict, "__builtins__", builtins) < 0)
+        goto error;
+    x = PyEval_EvalCode(
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+                        (PyCodeObject *)
+#endif
+                        pycode, global_dict, global_dict);
+    if (x == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    Py_DECREF(x);
+
+    /* Done!  Now if we've been called from
+       _cffi_start_and_call_python() in an ``extern "Python"``, we can
+       only hope that the Python code did correctly set up the
+       corresponding @ffi.def_extern() function.  Otherwise, the
+       general logic of ``extern "Python"`` functions (inside the
+       _cffi_backend module) will find that the reference is still
+       missing and print an error.
+     */
+    result = 0;
+ done:
+    Py_XDECREF(pycode);
+    Py_XDECREF(global_dict);
+    PyGILState_Release(state);
+    return result;
+
+ error:;
+    {
+        /* Print as much information as potentially useful.
+           Debugging load-time failures with embedding is not fun
+        */
+        PyObject *ecap;
+        PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *f, *modules, *mod;
+        PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
+        ecap = _cffi_start_error_capture();
+        f = PySys_GetObject((char *)"stderr");
+        if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
+            PyFile_WriteString(
+                "Failed to initialize the Python-CFFI embedding logic:\n\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (exception != NULL) {
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);
+            PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(exception);
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+        Py_XDECREF(tb);
+
+        if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
+            PyFile_WriteString("\nFrom: " _CFFI_MODULE_NAME
+                               "\ncompiled with cffi version: 1.17.1"
+                               "\n_cffi_backend module: ", f);
+            modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict();
+            mod = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "_cffi_backend");
+            if (mod == NULL) {
+                PyFile_WriteString("not loaded", f);
+            }
+            else {
+                v = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "__file__");
+                PyFile_WriteObject(v, f, 0);
+                Py_XDECREF(v);
+            }
+            PyFile_WriteString("\nsys.path: ", f);
+            PyFile_WriteObject(PySys_GetObject((char *)"path"), f, 0);
+            PyFile_WriteString("\n\n", f);
+        }
+        _cffi_stop_error_capture(ecap);
+    }
+    result = -1;
+    goto done;
+}
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
+PyAPI_DATA(char *) _PyParser_TokenNames[];  /* from CPython */
+#endif
+
+static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
+{
+    /* This does the basic initialization of Python.  It can be called
+       completely concurrently from unrelated threads.  It assumes
+       that we don't hold the GIL before (if it exists), and we don't
+       hold it afterwards.
+
+       (What it really does used to be completely different in Python 2
+       and Python 3, with the Python 2 solution avoiding the spin-lock
+       around the Py_InitializeEx() call.  However, after recent changes
+       to CPython 2.7 (issue #358) it no longer works.  So we use the
+       Python 3 solution everywhere.)
+
+       This initializes Python by calling Py_InitializeEx().
+       Important: this must not be called concurrently at all.
+       So we use a global variable as a simple spin lock.  This global
+       variable must be from 'libpythonX.Y.so', not from this
+       cffi-based extension module, because it must be shared from
+       different cffi-based extension modules.
+
+       In Python < 3.8, we choose
+       _PyParser_TokenNames[0] as a completely arbitrary pointer value
+       that is never written to.  The default is to point to the
+       string "ENDMARKER".  We change it temporarily to point to the
+       next character in that string.  (Yes, I know it's REALLY
+       obscure.)
+
+       In Python >= 3.8, this string array is no longer writable, so
+       instead we pick PyCapsuleType.tp_version_tag.  We can't change
+       Python < 3.8 because someone might use a mixture of cffi
+       embedded modules, some of which were compiled before this file
+       changed.
+
+       In Python >= 3.12, this stopped working because that particular
+       tp_version_tag gets modified during interpreter startup.  It's
+       arguably a bad idea before 3.12 too, but again we can't change
+       that because someone might use a mixture of cffi embedded
+       modules, and no-one reported a bug so far.  In Python >= 3.12
+       we go instead for PyCapsuleType.tp_as_buffer, which is supposed
+       to always be NULL.  We write to it temporarily a pointer to
+       a struct full of NULLs, which is semantically the same.
+    */
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+# if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
+    char *volatile *lock = (char *volatile *)_PyParser_TokenNames;
+    char *old_value, *locked_value;
+
+    while (1) {    /* spin loop */
+        old_value = *lock;
+        locked_value = old_value + 1;
+        if (old_value[0] == 'E') {
+            assert(old_value[1] == 'N');
+            if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
+                break;
+        }
+        else {
+            assert(old_value[0] == 'N');
+            /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+               hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+               think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
+               this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+        }
+    }
+# else
+#  if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C0000
+    int volatile *lock = (int volatile *)&PyCapsule_Type.tp_version_tag;
+    int old_value, locked_value = -42;
+    assert(!(PyCapsule_Type.tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG));
+#  else
+    static struct ebp_s { PyBufferProcs buf; int mark; } empty_buffer_procs;
+    empty_buffer_procs.mark = -42;
+    PyBufferProcs *volatile *lock = (PyBufferProcs *volatile *)
+        &PyCapsule_Type.tp_as_buffer;
+    PyBufferProcs *old_value, *locked_value = &empty_buffer_procs.buf;
+#  endif
+
+    while (1) {    /* spin loop */
+        old_value = *lock;
+        if (old_value == 0) {
+            if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
+                break;
+        }
+        else {
+#  if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C0000
+            assert(old_value == locked_value);
+#  else
+            /* The pointer should point to a possibly different
+               empty_buffer_procs from another C extension module */
+            assert(((struct ebp_s *)old_value)->mark == -42);
+#  endif
+            /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+               hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+               think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
+               this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+        }
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    /* call Py_InitializeEx() */
+    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        _cffi_py_initialize();
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
+        PyEval_InitThreads();
+#endif
+        PyEval_SaveThread();  /* release the GIL */
+        /* the returned tstate must be the one that has been stored into the
+           autoTLSkey by _PyGILState_Init() called from Py_Initialize(). */
+    }
+    else {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
+        /* PyEval_InitThreads() is always a no-op from CPython 3.7 */
+        PyGILState_STATE state = PyGILState_Ensure();
+        PyEval_InitThreads();
+        PyGILState_Release(state);
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    /* release the lock */
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, locked_value, old_value))
+        ;
+#endif
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**********  end CPython-specific section  **********/
+
+
+#else
+
+
+/**********  PyPy-specific section  **********/
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(const void *[]);   /* forward */
+
+static struct _cffi_pypy_init_s {
+    const char *name;
+    void *func;    /* function pointer */
+    const char *code;
+} _cffi_pypy_init = {
+    _CFFI_MODULE_NAME,
+    _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC,
+    _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
+};
+
+extern int pypy_carefully_make_gil(const char *);
+extern int pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(int, struct _cffi_pypy_init_s *);
+
+static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
+{
+    return pypy_carefully_make_gil(_CFFI_MODULE_NAME);
+}
+
+static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
+{
+    return pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(0xB011, &_cffi_pypy_init);
+}
+
+/**********  end PyPy-specific section  **********/
+
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__attribute__((noinline))
+#endif
+static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_start_python(void)
+{
+    /* Delicate logic to initialize Python.  This function can be
+       called multiple times concurrently, e.g. when the process calls
+       its first ``extern "Python"`` functions in multiple threads at
+       once.  It can also be called recursively, in which case we must
+       ignore it.  We also have to consider what occurs if several
+       different cffi-based extensions reach this code in parallel
+       threads---it is a different copy of the code, then, and we
+       can't have any shared global variable unless it comes from
+       'libpythonX.Y.so'.
+
+       Idea:
+
+       * _cffi_carefully_make_gil(): "carefully" call
+         PyEval_InitThreads() (possibly with Py_InitializeEx() first).
+
+       * then we use a (local) custom lock to make sure that a call to this
+         cffi-based extension will wait if another call to the *same*
+         extension is running the initialization in another thread.
+         It is reentrant, so that a recursive call will not block, but
+         only one from a different thread.
+
+       * then we grab the GIL and (Python 2) we call Py_InitializeEx().
+         At this point, concurrent calls to Py_InitializeEx() are not
+         possible: we have the GIL.
+
+       * do the rest of the specific initialization, which may
+         temporarily release the GIL but not the custom lock.
+         Only release the custom lock when we are done.
+    */
+    static char called = 0;
+
+    if (_cffi_carefully_make_gil() != 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    _cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex();
+
+    /* Here the GIL exists, but we don't have it.  We're only protected
+       from concurrency by the reentrant mutex. */
+
+    /* This file only initializes the embedded module once, the first
+       time this is called, even if there are subinterpreters. */
+    if (!called) {
+        called = 1;  /* invoke _cffi_initialize_python() only once,
+                        but don't set '_cffi_call_python' right now,
+                        otherwise concurrent threads won't call
+                        this function at all (we need them to wait) */
+        if (_cffi_initialize_python() == 0) {
+            /* now initialization is finished.  Switch to the fast-path. */
+
+            /* We would like nobody to see the new value of
+               '_cffi_call_python' without also seeing the rest of the
+               data initialized.  However, this is not possible.  But
+               the new value of '_cffi_call_python' is the function
+               'cffi_call_python()' from _cffi_backend.  So:  */
+            cffi_write_barrier();
+            /* ^^^ we put a write barrier here, and a corresponding
+               read barrier at the start of cffi_call_python().  This
+               ensures that after that read barrier, we see everything
+               done here before the write barrier.
+            */
+
+            assert(_cffi_call_python_org != NULL);
+            _cffi_call_python = (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* initialization failed.  Reset this to NULL, even if it was
+               already set to some other value.  Future calls to
+               _cffi_start_python() are still forced to occur, and will
+               always return NULL from now on. */
+            _cffi_call_python_org = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _cffi_release_reentrant_mutex();
+
+    return (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
+}
+
+static
+void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *externpy, char *args)
+{
+    _cffi_call_python_fnptr fnptr;
+    int current_err = errno;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    int current_lasterr = GetLastError();
+#endif
+    fnptr = _cffi_start_python();
+    if (fnptr == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "function %s() called, but initialization code "
+                        "failed.  Returning 0.\n", externpy->name);
+        memset(args, 0, externpy->size_of_result);
+    }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    SetLastError(current_lasterr);
+#endif
+    errno = current_err;
+
+    if (fnptr != NULL)
+        fnptr(externpy, args);
+}
+
+
+/* The cffi_start_python() function makes sure Python is initialized
+   and our cffi module is set up.  It can be called manually from the
+   user C code.  The same effect is obtained automatically from any
+   dll-exported ``extern "Python"`` function.  This function returns
+   -1 if initialization failed, 0 if all is OK.  */
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
+static int cffi_start_python(void)
+{
+    if (_cffi_call_python == &_cffi_start_and_call_python) {
+        if (_cffi_start_python() == NULL)
+            return -1;
+    }
+    cffi_read_barrier();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#undef cffi_compare_and_swap
+#undef cffi_write_barrier
+#undef cffi_read_barrier
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_imp_emulation.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_imp_emulation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..136abdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_imp_emulation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+
+try:
+    # this works on Python < 3.12
+    from imp import *
+
+except ImportError:
+    # this is a limited emulation for Python >= 3.12.
+    # Note that this is used only for tests or for the old ffi.verify().
+    # This is copied from the source code of Python 3.11.
+
+    from _imp import (acquire_lock, release_lock,
+                      is_builtin, is_frozen)
+
+    from importlib._bootstrap import _load
+
+    from importlib import machinery
+    import os
+    import sys
+    import tokenize
+
+    SEARCH_ERROR = 0
+    PY_SOURCE = 1
+    PY_COMPILED = 2
+    C_EXTENSION = 3
+    PY_RESOURCE = 4
+    PKG_DIRECTORY = 5
+    C_BUILTIN = 6
+    PY_FROZEN = 7
+    PY_CODERESOURCE = 8
+    IMP_HOOK = 9
+
+    def get_suffixes():
+        extensions = [(s, 'rb', C_EXTENSION)
+                      for s in machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES]
+        source = [(s, 'r', PY_SOURCE) for s in machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES]
+        bytecode = [(s, 'rb', PY_COMPILED) for s in machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES]
+        return extensions + source + bytecode
+
+    def find_module(name, path=None):
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError("'name' must be a str, not {}".format(type(name)))
+        elif not isinstance(path, (type(None), list)):
+            # Backwards-compatibility
+            raise RuntimeError("'path' must be None or a list, "
+                               "not {}".format(type(path)))
+
+        if path is None:
+            if is_builtin(name):
+                return None, None, ('', '', C_BUILTIN)
+            elif is_frozen(name):
+                return None, None, ('', '', PY_FROZEN)
+            else:
+                path = sys.path
+
+        for entry in path:
+            package_directory = os.path.join(entry, name)
+            for suffix in ['.py', machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES[0]]:
+                package_file_name = '__init__' + suffix
+                file_path = os.path.join(package_directory, package_file_name)
+                if os.path.isfile(file_path):
+                    return None, package_directory, ('', '', PKG_DIRECTORY)
+            for suffix, mode, type_ in get_suffixes():
+                file_name = name + suffix
+                file_path = os.path.join(entry, file_name)
+                if os.path.isfile(file_path):
+                    break
+            else:
+                continue
+            break  # Break out of outer loop when breaking out of inner loop.
+        else:
+            raise ImportError(name, name=name)
+
+        encoding = None
+        if 'b' not in mode:
+            with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
+                encoding = tokenize.detect_encoding(file.readline)[0]
+        file = open(file_path, mode, encoding=encoding)
+        return file, file_path, (suffix, mode, type_)
+
+    def load_dynamic(name, path, file=None):
+        loader = machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(name, path)
+        spec = machinery.ModuleSpec(name=name, loader=loader, origin=path)
+        return _load(spec)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_shimmed_dist_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_shimmed_dist_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3d2312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/_shimmed_dist_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""
+Temporary shim module to indirect the bits of distutils we need from setuptools/distutils while providing useful
+error messages beyond `No module named 'distutils' on Python >= 3.12, or when setuptools' vendored distutils is broken.
+
+This is a compromise to avoid a hard-dep on setuptools for Python >= 3.12, since many users don't need runtime compilation support from CFFI.
+"""
+import sys
+
+try:
+    # import setuptools first; this is the most robust way to ensure its embedded distutils is available
+    # (the .pth shim should usually work, but this is even more robust)
+    import setuptools
+except Exception as ex:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.12 has no built-in distutils to fall back on, so any import problem is fatal
+        raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires setuptools on Python >= 3.12. The setuptools module is missing or non-functional.") from ex
+
+    # silently ignore on older Pythons (support fallback to stdlib distutils where available)
+else:
+    del setuptools
+
+try:
+    # bring in just the bits of distutils we need, whether they really came from setuptools or stdlib-embedded distutils
+    from distutils import log, sysconfig
+    from distutils.ccompiler import CCompiler
+    from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
+    from distutils.core import Distribution, Extension
+    from distutils.dir_util import mkpath
+    from distutils.errors import DistutilsSetupError, CompileError, LinkError
+    from distutils.log import set_threshold, set_verbosity
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        try:
+            # FUTURE: msvc9compiler module was removed in setuptools 74; consider removing, as it's only used by an ancient patch in `recompiler`
+            from distutils.msvc9compiler import MSVCCompiler
+        except ImportError:
+            MSVCCompiler = None
+except Exception as ex:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires setuptools on Python >= 3.12. Please install the setuptools package.") from ex
+
+    # anything older, just let the underlying distutils import error fly
+    raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires distutils. Please install the distutils or setuptools package.") from ex
+
+del sys
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a474f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+import sys, types
+from .lock import allocate_lock
+from .error import CDefError
+from . import model
+
+try:
+    callable
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3.1
+    from collections import Callable
+    callable = lambda x: isinstance(x, Callable)
+
+try:
+    basestring
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3.x
+    basestring = str
+
+_unspecified = object()
+
+
+
+class FFI(object):
+    r'''
+    The main top-level class that you instantiate once, or once per module.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+        ffi = FFI()
+        ffi.cdef("""
+            int printf(const char *, ...);
+        """)
+
+        C = ffi.dlopen(None)   # standard library
+        -or-
+        C = ffi.verify()  # use a C compiler: verify the decl above is right
+
+        C.printf("hello, %s!\n", ffi.new("char[]", "world"))
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, backend=None):
+        """Create an FFI instance.  The 'backend' argument is used to
+        select a non-default backend, mostly for tests.
+        """
+        if backend is None:
+            # You need PyPy (>= 2.0 beta), or a CPython (>= 2.6) with
+            # _cffi_backend.so compiled.
+            import _cffi_backend as backend
+            from . import __version__
+            if backend.__version__ != __version__:
+                # bad version!  Try to be as explicit as possible.
+                if hasattr(backend, '__file__'):
+                    # CPython
+                    raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r.  When we import the top-level '_cffi_backend' extension module, we get version %s, located in %r.  The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
+                        __version__, __file__,
+                        backend.__version__, backend.__file__))
+                else:
+                    # PyPy
+                    raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r.  This interpreter comes with a built-in '_cffi_backend' module, which is version %s.  The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
+                        __version__, __file__, backend.__version__))
+            # (If you insist you can also try to pass the option
+            # 'backend=backend_ctypes.CTypesBackend()', but don't
+            # rely on it!  It's probably not going to work well.)
+
+        from . import cparser
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._lock = allocate_lock()
+        self._parser = cparser.Parser()
+        self._cached_btypes = {}
+        self._parsed_types = types.ModuleType('parsed_types').__dict__
+        self._new_types = types.ModuleType('new_types').__dict__
+        self._function_caches = []
+        self._libraries = []
+        self._cdefsources = []
+        self._included_ffis = []
+        self._windows_unicode = None
+        self._init_once_cache = {}
+        self._cdef_version = None
+        self._embedding = None
+        self._typecache = model.get_typecache(backend)
+        if hasattr(backend, 'set_ffi'):
+            backend.set_ffi(self)
+        for name in list(backend.__dict__):
+            if name.startswith('RTLD_'):
+                setattr(self, name, getattr(backend, name))
+        #
+        with self._lock:
+            self.BVoidP = self._get_cached_btype(model.voidp_type)
+            self.BCharA = self._get_cached_btype(model.char_array_type)
+        if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
+            # _cffi_backend: attach these constants to the class
+            if not hasattr(FFI, 'NULL'):
+                FFI.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
+                FFI.CData, FFI.CType = backend._get_types()
+        else:
+            # ctypes backend: attach these constants to the instance
+            self.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
+            self.CData, self.CType = backend._get_types()
+        self.buffer = backend.buffer
+
+    def cdef(self, csource, override=False, packed=False, pack=None):
+        """Parse the given C source.  This registers all declared functions,
+        types, and global variables.  The functions and global variables can
+        then be accessed via either 'ffi.dlopen()' or 'ffi.verify()'.
+        The types can be used in 'ffi.new()' and other functions.
+        If 'packed' is specified as True, all structs declared inside this
+        cdef are packed, i.e. laid out without any field alignment at all.
+        Alternatively, 'pack' can be a small integer, and requests for
+        alignment greater than that are ignored (pack=1 is equivalent to
+        packed=True).
+        """
+        self._cdef(csource, override=override, packed=packed, pack=pack)
+
+    def embedding_api(self, csource, packed=False, pack=None):
+        self._cdef(csource, packed=packed, pack=pack, dllexport=True)
+        if self._embedding is None:
+            self._embedding = ''
+
+    def _cdef(self, csource, override=False, **options):
+        if not isinstance(csource, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+            if not isinstance(csource, basestring):
+                raise TypeError("cdef() argument must be a string")
+            csource = csource.encode('ascii')
+        with self._lock:
+            self._cdef_version = object()
+            self._parser.parse(csource, override=override, **options)
+            self._cdefsources.append(csource)
+            if override:
+                for cache in self._function_caches:
+                    cache.clear()
+            finishlist = self._parser._recomplete
+            if finishlist:
+                self._parser._recomplete = []
+                for tp in finishlist:
+                    tp.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
+
+    def dlopen(self, name, flags=0):
+        """Load and return a dynamic library identified by 'name'.
+        The standard C library can be loaded by passing None.
+        Note that functions and types declared by 'ffi.cdef()' are not
+        linked to a particular library, just like C headers; in the
+        library we only look for the actual (untyped) symbols.
+        """
+        if not (isinstance(name, basestring) or
+                name is None or
+                isinstance(name, self.CData)):
+            raise TypeError("dlopen(name): name must be a file name, None, "
+                            "or an already-opened 'void *' handle")
+        with self._lock:
+            lib, function_cache = _make_ffi_library(self, name, flags)
+            self._function_caches.append(function_cache)
+            self._libraries.append(lib)
+        return lib
+
+    def dlclose(self, lib):
+        """Close a library obtained with ffi.dlopen().  After this call,
+        access to functions or variables from the library will fail
+        (possibly with a segmentation fault).
+        """
+        type(lib).__cffi_close__(lib)
+
+    def _typeof_locked(self, cdecl):
+        # call me with the lock!
+        key = cdecl
+        if key in self._parsed_types:
+            return self._parsed_types[key]
+        #
+        if not isinstance(cdecl, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+            cdecl = cdecl.encode('ascii')
+        #
+        type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl)
+        really_a_function_type = type.is_raw_function
+        if really_a_function_type:
+            type = type.as_function_pointer()
+        btype = self._get_cached_btype(type)
+        result = btype, really_a_function_type
+        self._parsed_types[key] = result
+        return result
+
+    def _typeof(self, cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
+        # string -> ctype object
+        try:
+            result = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
+        except KeyError:
+            with self._lock:
+                result = self._typeof_locked(cdecl)
+        #
+        btype, really_a_function_type = result
+        if really_a_function_type and not consider_function_as_funcptr:
+            raise CDefError("the type %r is a function type, not a "
+                            "pointer-to-function type" % (cdecl,))
+        return btype
+
+    def typeof(self, cdecl):
+        """Parse the C type given as a string and return the
+        corresponding <ctype> object.
+        It can also be used on 'cdata' instance to get its C type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            return self._typeof(cdecl)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, self.CData):
+            return self._backend.typeof(cdecl)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
+            res = _builtin_function_type(cdecl)
+            if res is not None:
+                return res
+        if (isinstance(cdecl, types.FunctionType)
+                and hasattr(cdecl, '_cffi_base_type')):
+            with self._lock:
+                return self._get_cached_btype(cdecl._cffi_base_type)
+        raise TypeError(type(cdecl))
+
+    def sizeof(self, cdecl):
+        """Return the size in bytes of the argument.  It can be a
+        string naming a C type, or a 'cdata' instance.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            BType = self._typeof(cdecl)
+            return self._backend.sizeof(BType)
+        else:
+            return self._backend.sizeof(cdecl)
+
+    def alignof(self, cdecl):
+        """Return the natural alignment size in bytes of the C type
+        given as a string.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.alignof(cdecl)
+
+    def offsetof(self, cdecl, *fields_or_indexes):
+        """Return the offset of the named field inside the given
+        structure or array, which must be given as a C type name.
+        You can give several field names in case of nested structures.
+        You can also give numeric values which correspond to array
+        items, in case of an array type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._typeoffsetof(cdecl, *fields_or_indexes)[1]
+
+    def new(self, cdecl, init=None):
+        """Allocate an instance according to the specified C type and
+        return a pointer to it.  The specified C type must be either a
+        pointer or an array: ``new('X *')`` allocates an X and returns
+        a pointer to it, whereas ``new('X[n]')`` allocates an array of
+        n X'es and returns an array referencing it (which works
+        mostly like a pointer, like in C).  You can also use
+        ``new('X[]', n)`` to allocate an array of a non-constant
+        length n.
+
+        The memory is initialized following the rules of declaring a
+        global variable in C: by default it is zero-initialized, but
+        an explicit initializer can be given which can be used to
+        fill all or part of the memory.
+
+        When the returned <cdata> object goes out of scope, the memory
+        is freed.  In other words the returned <cdata> object has
+        ownership of the value of type 'cdecl' that it points to.  This
+        means that the raw data can be used as long as this object is
+        kept alive, but must not be used for a longer time.  Be careful
+        about that when copying the pointer to the memory somewhere
+        else, e.g. into another structure.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.newp(cdecl, init)
+
+    def new_allocator(self, alloc=None, free=None,
+                      should_clear_after_alloc=True):
+        """Return a new allocator, i.e. a function that behaves like ffi.new()
+        but uses the provided low-level 'alloc' and 'free' functions.
+
+        'alloc' is called with the size as argument.  If it returns NULL, a
+        MemoryError is raised.  'free' is called with the result of 'alloc'
+        as argument.  Both can be either Python function or directly C
+        functions.  If 'free' is None, then no free function is called.
+        If both 'alloc' and 'free' are None, the default is used.
+
+        If 'should_clear_after_alloc' is set to False, then the memory
+        returned by 'alloc' is assumed to be already cleared (or you are
+        fine with garbage); otherwise CFFI will clear it.
+        """
+        compiled_ffi = self._backend.FFI()
+        allocator = compiled_ffi.new_allocator(alloc, free,
+                                               should_clear_after_alloc)
+        def allocate(cdecl, init=None):
+            if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+                cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+            return allocator(cdecl, init)
+        return allocate
+
+    def cast(self, cdecl, source):
+        """Similar to a C cast: returns an instance of the named C
+        type initialized with the given 'source'.  The source is
+        casted between integers or pointers of any type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.cast(cdecl, source)
+
+    def string(self, cdata, maxlen=-1):
+        """Return a Python string (or unicode string) from the 'cdata'.
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of characters or bytes, returns
+        the null-terminated string.  The returned string extends until
+        the first null character, or at most 'maxlen' characters.  If
+        'cdata' is an array then 'maxlen' defaults to its length.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of wchar_t, returns a unicode
+        string following the same rules.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a single character or byte or a wchar_t, returns
+        it as a string or unicode string.
+
+        If 'cdata' is an enum, returns the value of the enumerator as a
+        string, or 'NUMBER' if the value is out of range.
+        """
+        return self._backend.string(cdata, maxlen)
+
+    def unpack(self, cdata, length):
+        """Unpack an array of C data of the given length,
+        returning a Python string/unicode/list.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'char', returns a byte string.
+        It does not stop at the first null.  This is equivalent to:
+        ffi.buffer(cdata, length)[:]
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'wchar_t', returns a unicode string.
+        'length' is measured in wchar_t's; it is not the size in bytes.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to anything else, returns a list of
+        'length' items.  This is a faster equivalent to:
+        [cdata[i] for i in range(length)]
+        """
+        return self._backend.unpack(cdata, length)
+
+   #def buffer(self, cdata, size=-1):
+   #    """Return a read-write buffer object that references the raw C data
+   #    pointed to by the given 'cdata'.  The 'cdata' must be a pointer or
+   #    an array.  Can be passed to functions expecting a buffer, or directly
+   #    manipulated with:
+   #
+   #        buf[:]          get a copy of it in a regular string, or
+   #        buf[idx]        as a single character
+   #        buf[:] = ...
+   #        buf[idx] = ...  change the content
+   #    """
+   #    note that 'buffer' is a type, set on this instance by __init__
+
+    def from_buffer(self, cdecl, python_buffer=_unspecified,
+                    require_writable=False):
+        """Return a cdata of the given type pointing to the data of the
+        given Python object, which must support the buffer interface.
+        Note that this is not meant to be used on the built-in types
+        str or unicode (you can build 'char[]' arrays explicitly)
+        but only on objects containing large quantities of raw data
+        in some other format, like 'array.array' or numpy arrays.
+
+        The first argument is optional and default to 'char[]'.
+        """
+        if python_buffer is _unspecified:
+            cdecl, python_buffer = self.BCharA, cdecl
+        elif isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.from_buffer(cdecl, python_buffer,
+                                         require_writable)
+
+    def memmove(self, dest, src, n):
+        """ffi.memmove(dest, src, n) copies n bytes of memory from src to dest.
+
+        Like the C function memmove(), the memory areas may overlap;
+        apart from that it behaves like the C function memcpy().
+
+        'src' can be any cdata ptr or array, or any Python buffer object.
+        'dest' can be any cdata ptr or array, or a writable Python buffer
+        object.  The size to copy, 'n', is always measured in bytes.
+
+        Unlike other methods, this one supports all Python buffer including
+        byte strings and bytearrays---but it still does not support
+        non-contiguous buffers.
+        """
+        return self._backend.memmove(dest, src, n)
+
+    def callback(self, cdecl, python_callable=None, error=None, onerror=None):
+        """Return a callback object or a decorator making such a
+        callback object.  'cdecl' must name a C function pointer type.
+        The callback invokes the specified 'python_callable' (which may
+        be provided either directly or via a decorator).  Important: the
+        callback object must be manually kept alive for as long as the
+        callback may be invoked from the C level.
+        """
+        def callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable):
+            if not callable(python_callable):
+                raise TypeError("the 'python_callable' argument "
+                                "is not callable")
+            return self._backend.callback(cdecl, python_callable,
+                                          error, onerror)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=True)
+        if python_callable is None:
+            return callback_decorator_wrap                # decorator mode
+        else:
+            return callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable)  # direct mode
+
+    def getctype(self, cdecl, replace_with=''):
+        """Return a string giving the C type 'cdecl', which may be itself
+        a string or a <ctype> object.  If 'replace_with' is given, it gives
+        extra text to append (or insert for more complicated C types), like
+        a variable name, or '*' to get actually the C type 'pointer-to-cdecl'.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        replace_with = replace_with.strip()
+        if (replace_with.startswith('*')
+                and '&[' in self._backend.getcname(cdecl, '&')):
+            replace_with = '(%s)' % replace_with
+        elif replace_with and not replace_with[0] in '[(':
+            replace_with = ' ' + replace_with
+        return self._backend.getcname(cdecl, replace_with)
+
+    def gc(self, cdata, destructor, size=0):
+        """Return a new cdata object that points to the same
+        data.  Later, when this new cdata object is garbage-collected,
+        'destructor(old_cdata_object)' will be called.
+
+        The optional 'size' gives an estimate of the size, used to
+        trigger the garbage collection more eagerly.  So far only used
+        on PyPy.  It tells the GC that the returned object keeps alive
+        roughly 'size' bytes of external memory.
+        """
+        return self._backend.gcp(cdata, destructor, size)
+
+    def _get_cached_btype(self, type):
+        assert self._lock.acquire(False) is False
+        # call me with the lock!
+        try:
+            BType = self._cached_btypes[type]
+        except KeyError:
+            finishlist = []
+            BType = type.get_cached_btype(self, finishlist)
+            for type in finishlist:
+                type.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
+        return BType
+
+    def verify(self, source='', tmpdir=None, **kwargs):
+        """Verify that the current ffi signatures compile on this
+        machine, and return a dynamic library object.  The dynamic
+        library can be used to call functions and access global
+        variables declared in this 'ffi'.  The library is compiled
+        by the C compiler: it gives you C-level API compatibility
+        (including calling macros).  This is unlike 'ffi.dlopen()',
+        which requires binary compatibility in the signatures.
+        """
+        from .verifier import Verifier, _caller_dir_pycache
+        #
+        # If set_unicode(True) was called, insert the UNICODE and
+        # _UNICODE macro declarations
+        if self._windows_unicode:
+            self._apply_windows_unicode(kwargs)
+        #
+        # Set the tmpdir here, and not in Verifier.__init__: it picks
+        # up the caller's directory, which we want to be the caller of
+        # ffi.verify(), as opposed to the caller of Veritier().
+        tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
+        #
+        # Make a Verifier() and use it to load the library.
+        self.verifier = Verifier(self, source, tmpdir, **kwargs)
+        lib = self.verifier.load_library()
+        #
+        # Save the loaded library for keep-alive purposes, even
+        # if the caller doesn't keep it alive itself (it should).
+        self._libraries.append(lib)
+        return lib
+
+    def _get_errno(self):
+        return self._backend.get_errno()
+    def _set_errno(self, errno):
+        self._backend.set_errno(errno)
+    errno = property(_get_errno, _set_errno, None,
+                     "the value of 'errno' from/to the C calls")
+
+    def getwinerror(self, code=-1):
+        return self._backend.getwinerror(code)
+
+    def _pointer_to(self, ctype):
+        with self._lock:
+            return model.pointer_cache(self, ctype)
+
+    def addressof(self, cdata, *fields_or_indexes):
+        """Return the address of a <cdata 'struct-or-union'>.
+        If 'fields_or_indexes' are given, returns the address of that
+        field or array item in the structure or array, recursively in
+        case of nested structures.
+        """
+        try:
+            ctype = self._backend.typeof(cdata)
+        except TypeError:
+            if '__addressof__' in type(cdata).__dict__:
+                return type(cdata).__addressof__(cdata, *fields_or_indexes)
+            raise
+        if fields_or_indexes:
+            ctype, offset = self._typeoffsetof(ctype, *fields_or_indexes)
+        else:
+            if ctype.kind == "pointer":
+                raise TypeError("addressof(pointer)")
+            offset = 0
+        ctypeptr = self._pointer_to(ctype)
+        return self._backend.rawaddressof(ctypeptr, cdata, offset)
+
+    def _typeoffsetof(self, ctype, field_or_index, *fields_or_indexes):
+        ctype, offset = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field_or_index)
+        for field1 in fields_or_indexes:
+            ctype, offset1 = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field1, 1)
+            offset += offset1
+        return ctype, offset
+
+    def include(self, ffi_to_include):
+        """Includes the typedefs, structs, unions and enums defined
+        in another FFI instance.  Usage is similar to a #include in C,
+        where a part of the program might include types defined in
+        another part for its own usage.  Note that the include()
+        method has no effect on functions, constants and global
+        variables, which must anyway be accessed directly from the
+        lib object returned by the original FFI instance.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(ffi_to_include, FFI):
+            raise TypeError("ffi.include() expects an argument that is also of"
+                            " type cffi.FFI, not %r" % (
+                                type(ffi_to_include).__name__,))
+        if ffi_to_include is self:
+            raise ValueError("self.include(self)")
+        with ffi_to_include._lock:
+            with self._lock:
+                self._parser.include(ffi_to_include._parser)
+                self._cdefsources.append('[')
+                self._cdefsources.extend(ffi_to_include._cdefsources)
+                self._cdefsources.append(']')
+                self._included_ffis.append(ffi_to_include)
+
+    def new_handle(self, x):
+        return self._backend.newp_handle(self.BVoidP, x)
+
+    def from_handle(self, x):
+        return self._backend.from_handle(x)
+
+    def release(self, x):
+        self._backend.release(x)
+
+    def set_unicode(self, enabled_flag):
+        """Windows: if 'enabled_flag' is True, enable the UNICODE and
+        _UNICODE defines in C, and declare the types like TCHAR and LPTCSTR
+        to be (pointers to) wchar_t.  If 'enabled_flag' is False,
+        declare these types to be (pointers to) plain 8-bit characters.
+        This is mostly for backward compatibility; you usually want True.
+        """
+        if self._windows_unicode is not None:
+            raise ValueError("set_unicode() can only be called once")
+        enabled_flag = bool(enabled_flag)
+        if enabled_flag:
+            self.cdef("typedef wchar_t TBYTE;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t TCHAR;"
+                      "typedef const wchar_t *LPCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef const wchar_t *PCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t *LPTSTR;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t *PTSTR;"
+                      "typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
+                      "typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
+        else:
+            self.cdef("typedef char TBYTE;"
+                      "typedef char TCHAR;"
+                      "typedef const char *LPCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef const char *PCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef char *LPTSTR;"
+                      "typedef char *PTSTR;"
+                      "typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
+                      "typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
+        self._windows_unicode = enabled_flag
+
+    def _apply_windows_unicode(self, kwds):
+        defmacros = kwds.get('define_macros', ())
+        if not isinstance(defmacros, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("'define_macros' must be a list or tuple")
+        defmacros = list(defmacros) + [('UNICODE', '1'),
+                                       ('_UNICODE', '1')]
+        kwds['define_macros'] = defmacros
+
+    def _apply_embedding_fix(self, kwds):
+        # must include an argument like "-lpython2.7" for the compiler
+        def ensure(key, value):
+            lst = kwds.setdefault(key, [])
+            if value not in lst:
+                lst.append(value)
+        #
+        if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:
+            import os
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                # we need 'libpypy-c.lib'.  Current distributions of
+                # pypy (>= 4.1) contain it as 'libs/python27.lib'.
+                pythonlib = "python{0[0]}{0[1]}".format(sys.version_info)
+                if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                    ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'libs'))
+            else:
+                # we need 'libpypy-c.{so,dylib}', which should be by
+                # default located in 'sys.prefix/bin' for installed
+                # systems.
+                if sys.version_info < (3,):
+                    pythonlib = "pypy-c"
+                else:
+                    pythonlib = "pypy3-c"
+                if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                    ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin'))
+            # On uninstalled pypy's, the libpypy-c is typically found in
+            # .../pypy/goal/.
+            if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'pypy', 'goal'))
+        else:
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                template = "python%d%d"
+                if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
+                    template += '_d'
+            else:
+                try:
+                    import sysconfig
+                except ImportError:    # 2.6
+                    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import sysconfig
+                template = "python%d.%d"
+                if sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT'):
+                    template += sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT')
+            pythonlib = (template %
+                    (sys.hexversion >> 24, (sys.hexversion >> 16) & 0xff))
+            if hasattr(sys, 'abiflags'):
+                pythonlib += sys.abiflags
+        ensure('libraries', pythonlib)
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            ensure('extra_link_args', '/MANIFEST')
+
+    def set_source(self, module_name, source, source_extension='.c', **kwds):
+        import os
+        if hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() cannot be called several times "
+                             "per ffi object")
+        if not isinstance(module_name, basestring):
+            raise TypeError("'module_name' must be a string")
+        if os.sep in module_name or (os.altsep and os.altsep in module_name):
+            raise ValueError("'module_name' must not contain '/': use a dotted "
+                             "name to make a 'package.module' location")
+        self._assigned_source = (str(module_name), source,
+                                 source_extension, kwds)
+
+    def set_source_pkgconfig(self, module_name, pkgconfig_libs, source,
+                             source_extension='.c', **kwds):
+        from . import pkgconfig
+        if not isinstance(pkgconfig_libs, list):
+            raise TypeError("the pkgconfig_libs argument must be a list "
+                            "of package names")
+        kwds2 = pkgconfig.flags_from_pkgconfig(pkgconfig_libs)
+        pkgconfig.merge_flags(kwds, kwds2)
+        self.set_source(module_name, source, source_extension, **kwds)
+
+    def distutils_extension(self, tmpdir='build', verbose=True):
+        from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import mkpath
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            if hasattr(self, 'verifier'):     # fallback, 'tmpdir' ignored
+                return self.verifier.get_extension()
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before"
+                             " distutils_extension()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is None:
+            raise TypeError("distutils_extension() is only for C extension "
+                            "modules, not for dlopen()-style pure Python "
+                            "modules")
+        mkpath(tmpdir)
+        ext, updated = recompile(self, module_name,
+                                 source, tmpdir=tmpdir, extradir=tmpdir,
+                                 source_extension=source_extension,
+                                 call_c_compiler=False, **kwds)
+        if verbose:
+            if updated:
+                sys.stderr.write("regenerated: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write("not modified: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
+        return ext
+
+    def emit_c_code(self, filename):
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is None:
+            raise TypeError("emit_c_code() is only for C extension modules, "
+                            "not for dlopen()-style pure Python modules")
+        recompile(self, module_name, source,
+                  c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False,
+                  uses_ffiplatform=False, **kwds)
+
+    def emit_python_code(self, filename):
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is not None:
+            raise TypeError("emit_python_code() is only for dlopen()-style "
+                            "pure Python modules, not for C extension modules")
+        recompile(self, module_name, source,
+                  c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False,
+                  uses_ffiplatform=False, **kwds)
+
+    def compile(self, tmpdir='.', verbose=0, target=None, debug=None):
+        """The 'target' argument gives the final file name of the
+        compiled DLL.  Use '*' to force distutils' choice, suitable for
+        regular CPython C API modules.  Use a file name ending in '.*'
+        to ask for the system's default extension for dynamic libraries
+        (.so/.dll/.dylib).
+
+        The default is '*' when building a non-embedded C API extension,
+        and (module_name + '.*') when building an embedded library.
+        """
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before compile()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        return recompile(self, module_name, source, tmpdir=tmpdir,
+                         target=target, source_extension=source_extension,
+                         compiler_verbose=verbose, debug=debug, **kwds)
+
+    def init_once(self, func, tag):
+        # Read _init_once_cache[tag], which is either (False, lock) if
+        # we're calling the function now in some thread, or (True, result).
+        # Don't call setdefault() in most cases, to avoid allocating and
+        # immediately freeing a lock; but still use setdefaut() to avoid
+        # races.
+        try:
+            x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
+        except KeyError:
+            x = self._init_once_cache.setdefault(tag, (False, allocate_lock()))
+        # Common case: we got (True, result), so we return the result.
+        if x[0]:
+            return x[1]
+        # Else, it's a lock.  Acquire it to serialize the following tests.
+        with x[1]:
+            # Read again from _init_once_cache the current status.
+            x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
+            if x[0]:
+                return x[1]
+            # Call the function and store the result back.
+            result = func()
+            self._init_once_cache[tag] = (True, result)
+        return result
+
+    def embedding_init_code(self, pysource):
+        if self._embedding:
+            raise ValueError("embedding_init_code() can only be called once")
+        # fix 'pysource' before it gets dumped into the C file:
+        # - remove empty lines at the beginning, so it starts at "line 1"
+        # - dedent, if all non-empty lines are indented
+        # - check for SyntaxErrors
+        import re
+        match = re.match(r'\s*\n', pysource)
+        if match:
+            pysource = pysource[match.end():]
+        lines = pysource.splitlines() or ['']
+        prefix = re.match(r'\s*', lines[0]).group()
+        for i in range(1, len(lines)):
+            line = lines[i]
+            if line.rstrip():
+                while not line.startswith(prefix):
+                    prefix = prefix[:-1]
+        i = len(prefix)
+        lines = [line[i:]+'\n' for line in lines]
+        pysource = ''.join(lines)
+        #
+        compile(pysource, "cffi_init", "exec")
+        #
+        self._embedding = pysource
+
+    def def_extern(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise ValueError("ffi.def_extern() is only available on API-mode FFI "
+                         "objects")
+
+    def list_types(self):
+        """Returns the user type names known to this FFI instance.
+        This returns a tuple containing three lists of names:
+        (typedef_names, names_of_structs, names_of_unions)
+        """
+        typedefs = []
+        structs = []
+        unions = []
+        for key in self._parser._declarations:
+            if key.startswith('typedef '):
+                typedefs.append(key[8:])
+            elif key.startswith('struct '):
+                structs.append(key[7:])
+            elif key.startswith('union '):
+                unions.append(key[6:])
+        typedefs.sort()
+        structs.sort()
+        unions.sort()
+        return (typedefs, structs, unions)
+
+
+def _load_backend_lib(backend, name, flags):
+    import os
+    if not isinstance(name, basestring):
+        if sys.platform != "win32" or name is not None:
+            return backend.load_library(name, flags)
+        name = "c"    # Windows: load_library(None) fails, but this works
+                      # on Python 2 (backward compatibility hack only)
+    first_error = None
+    if '.' in name or '/' in name or os.sep in name:
+        try:
+            return backend.load_library(name, flags)
+        except OSError as e:
+            first_error = e
+    import ctypes.util
+    path = ctypes.util.find_library(name)
+    if path is None:
+        if name == "c" and sys.platform == "win32" and sys.version_info >= (3,):
+            raise OSError("dlopen(None) cannot work on Windows for Python 3 "
+                          "(see http://bugs.python.org/issue23606)")
+        msg = ("ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage "
+               "to locate a library called %r" % (name,))
+        if first_error is not None:
+            msg = "%s.  Additionally, %s" % (first_error, msg)
+        raise OSError(msg)
+    return backend.load_library(path, flags)
+
+def _make_ffi_library(ffi, libname, flags):
+    backend = ffi._backend
+    backendlib = _load_backend_lib(backend, libname, flags)
+    #
+    def accessor_function(name):
+        key = 'function ' + name
+        tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+        BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        value = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
+        library.__dict__[name] = value
+    #
+    def accessor_variable(name):
+        key = 'variable ' + name
+        tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+        BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        read_variable = backendlib.read_variable
+        write_variable = backendlib.write_variable
+        setattr(FFILibrary, name, property(
+            lambda self: read_variable(BType, name),
+            lambda self, value: write_variable(BType, name, value)))
+    #
+    def addressof_var(name):
+        try:
+            return addr_variables[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            with ffi._lock:
+                if name not in addr_variables:
+                    key = 'variable ' + name
+                    tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+                    BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+                    if BType.kind != 'array':
+                        BType = model.pointer_cache(ffi, BType)
+                    p = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
+                    addr_variables[name] = p
+            return addr_variables[name]
+    #
+    def accessor_constant(name):
+        raise NotImplementedError("non-integer constant '%s' cannot be "
+                                  "accessed from a dlopen() library" % (name,))
+    #
+    def accessor_int_constant(name):
+        library.__dict__[name] = ffi._parser._int_constants[name]
+    #
+    accessors = {}
+    accessors_version = [False]
+    addr_variables = {}
+    #
+    def update_accessors():
+        if accessors_version[0] is ffi._cdef_version:
+            return
+        #
+        for key, (tp, _) in ffi._parser._declarations.items():
+            if not isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+                tag, name = key.split(' ', 1)
+                if tag == 'function':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_function
+                elif tag == 'variable':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_variable
+                elif tag == 'constant':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_constant
+            else:
+                for i, enumname in enumerate(tp.enumerators):
+                    def accessor_enum(name, tp=tp, i=i):
+                        tp.check_not_partial()
+                        library.__dict__[name] = tp.enumvalues[i]
+                    accessors[enumname] = accessor_enum
+        for name in ffi._parser._int_constants:
+            accessors.setdefault(name, accessor_int_constant)
+        accessors_version[0] = ffi._cdef_version
+    #
+    def make_accessor(name):
+        with ffi._lock:
+            if name in library.__dict__ or name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return    # added by another thread while waiting for the lock
+            if name not in accessors:
+                update_accessors()
+                if name not in accessors:
+                    raise AttributeError(name)
+            accessors[name](name)
+    #
+    class FFILibrary(object):
+        def __getattr__(self, name):
+            make_accessor(name)
+            return getattr(self, name)
+        def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+            try:
+                property = getattr(self.__class__, name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                make_accessor(name)
+                setattr(self, name, value)
+            else:
+                property.__set__(self, value)
+        def __dir__(self):
+            with ffi._lock:
+                update_accessors()
+                return accessors.keys()
+        def __addressof__(self, name):
+            if name in library.__dict__:
+                return library.__dict__[name]
+            if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return addressof_var(name)
+            make_accessor(name)
+            if name in library.__dict__:
+                return library.__dict__[name]
+            if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return addressof_var(name)
+            raise AttributeError("cffi library has no function or "
+                                 "global variable named '%s'" % (name,))
+        def __cffi_close__(self):
+            backendlib.close_lib()
+            self.__dict__.clear()
+    #
+    if isinstance(libname, basestring):
+        try:
+            if not isinstance(libname, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+                libname = libname.encode('utf-8')
+            FFILibrary.__name__ = 'FFILibrary_%s' % libname
+        except UnicodeError:
+            pass
+    library = FFILibrary()
+    return library, library.__dict__
+
+def _builtin_function_type(func):
+    # a hack to make at least ffi.typeof(builtin_function) work,
+    # if the builtin function was obtained by 'vengine_cpy'.
+    import sys
+    try:
+        module = sys.modules[func.__module__]
+        ffi = module._cffi_original_ffi
+        types_of_builtin_funcs = module._cffi_types_of_builtin_funcs
+        tp = types_of_builtin_funcs[func]
+    except (KeyError, AttributeError, TypeError):
+        return None
+    else:
+        with ffi._lock:
+            return ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/backend_ctypes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/backend_ctypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7956a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/backend_ctypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1121 @@
+import ctypes, ctypes.util, operator, sys
+from . import model
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    bytechr = chr
+else:
+    unicode = str
+    long = int
+    xrange = range
+    bytechr = lambda num: bytes([num])
+
+class CTypesType(type):
+    pass
+
+class CTypesData(object):
+    __metaclass__ = CTypesType
+    __slots__ = ['__weakref__']
+    __name__ = '<cdata>'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        raise TypeError("cannot instantiate %r" % (self.__class__,))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _newp(cls, init):
+        raise TypeError("expected a pointer or array ctype, got '%s'"
+                        % (cls._get_c_name(),))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_ctypes(value):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _arg_to_ctypes(cls, *value):
+        try:
+            ctype = cls._ctype
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError("cannot create an instance of %r" % (cls,))
+        if value:
+            res = cls._to_ctypes(*value)
+            if not isinstance(res, ctype):
+                res = cls._ctype(res)
+        else:
+            res = cls._ctype()
+        return res
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _create_ctype_obj(cls, init):
+        if init is None:
+            return cls._arg_to_ctypes()
+        else:
+            return cls._arg_to_ctypes(init)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _from_ctypes(ctypes_value):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_c_name(cls, replace_with=''):
+        return cls._reftypename.replace(' &', replace_with)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_class(cls):
+        cls.__name__ = 'CData<%s>' % (cls._get_c_name(),)
+        cls.__qualname__ = 'CData<%s>' % (cls._get_c_name(),)
+        cls.__module__ = 'ffi'
+
+    def _get_own_repr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _addr_repr(self, address):
+        if address == 0:
+            return 'NULL'
+        else:
+            if address < 0:
+                address += 1 << (8*ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p))
+            return '0x%x' % address
+
+    def __repr__(self, c_name=None):
+        own = self._get_own_repr()
+        return '<cdata %r %s>' % (c_name or self._get_c_name(), own)
+
+    def _convert_to_address(self, BClass):
+        if BClass is None:
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert %r to an address" % (
+                self._get_c_name(),))
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert %r to %r" % (
+                self._get_c_name(), BClass._get_c_name()))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_size(cls):
+        return ctypes.sizeof(cls._ctype)
+
+    def _get_size_of_instance(self):
+        return ctypes.sizeof(self._ctype)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _cast_from(cls, source):
+        raise TypeError("cannot cast to %r" % (cls._get_c_name(),))
+
+    def _cast_to_integer(self):
+        return self._convert_to_address(None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _alignment(cls):
+        return ctypes.alignment(cls._ctype)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise TypeError("cdata %r does not support iteration" % (
+            self._get_c_name()),)
+
+    def _make_cmp(name):
+        cmpfunc = getattr(operator, name)
+        def cmp(self, other):
+            v_is_ptr = not isinstance(self, CTypesGenericPrimitive)
+            w_is_ptr = (isinstance(other, CTypesData) and
+                           not isinstance(other, CTypesGenericPrimitive))
+            if v_is_ptr and w_is_ptr:
+                return cmpfunc(self._convert_to_address(None),
+                               other._convert_to_address(None))
+            elif v_is_ptr or w_is_ptr:
+                return NotImplemented
+            else:
+                if isinstance(self, CTypesGenericPrimitive):
+                    self = self._value
+                if isinstance(other, CTypesGenericPrimitive):
+                    other = other._value
+                return cmpfunc(self, other)
+        cmp.func_name = name
+        return cmp
+
+    __eq__ = _make_cmp('__eq__')
+    __ne__ = _make_cmp('__ne__')
+    __lt__ = _make_cmp('__lt__')
+    __le__ = _make_cmp('__le__')
+    __gt__ = _make_cmp('__gt__')
+    __ge__ = _make_cmp('__ge__')
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._convert_to_address(None))
+
+    def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+        raise TypeError("string(): %r" % (self,))
+
+
+class CTypesGenericPrimitive(CTypesData):
+    __slots__ = []
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._value)
+
+    def _get_own_repr(self):
+        return repr(self._from_ctypes(self._value))
+
+
+class CTypesGenericArray(CTypesData):
+    __slots__ = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _newp(cls, init):
+        return cls(init)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for i in xrange(len(self)):
+            yield self[i]
+
+    def _get_own_repr(self):
+        return self._addr_repr(ctypes.addressof(self._blob))
+
+
+class CTypesGenericPtr(CTypesData):
+    __slots__ = ['_address', '_as_ctype_ptr']
+    _automatic_casts = False
+    kind = "pointer"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _newp(cls, init):
+        return cls(init)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _cast_from(cls, source):
+        if source is None:
+            address = 0
+        elif isinstance(source, CTypesData):
+            address = source._cast_to_integer()
+        elif isinstance(source, (int, long)):
+            address = source
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("bad type for cast to %r: %r" %
+                            (cls, type(source).__name__))
+        return cls._new_pointer_at(address)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _new_pointer_at(cls, address):
+        self = cls.__new__(cls)
+        self._address = address
+        self._as_ctype_ptr = ctypes.cast(address, cls._ctype)
+        return self
+
+    def _get_own_repr(self):
+        try:
+            return self._addr_repr(self._address)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return '???'
+
+    def _cast_to_integer(self):
+        return self._address
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self._address)
+    __bool__ = __nonzero__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _to_ctypes(cls, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, CTypesData):
+            raise TypeError("unexpected %s object" % type(value).__name__)
+        address = value._convert_to_address(cls)
+        return ctypes.cast(address, cls._ctype)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_ctypes(cls, ctypes_ptr):
+        address = ctypes.cast(ctypes_ptr, ctypes.c_void_p).value or 0
+        return cls._new_pointer_at(address)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _initialize(cls, ctypes_ptr, value):
+        if value:
+            ctypes_ptr.contents = cls._to_ctypes(value).contents
+
+    def _convert_to_address(self, BClass):
+        if (BClass in (self.__class__, None) or BClass._automatic_casts
+            or self._automatic_casts):
+            return self._address
+        else:
+            return CTypesData._convert_to_address(self, BClass)
+
+
+class CTypesBaseStructOrUnion(CTypesData):
+    __slots__ = ['_blob']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _create_ctype_obj(cls, init):
+        # may be overridden
+        raise TypeError("cannot instantiate opaque type %s" % (cls,))
+
+    def _get_own_repr(self):
+        return self._addr_repr(ctypes.addressof(self._blob))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _offsetof(cls, fieldname):
+        return getattr(cls._ctype, fieldname).offset
+
+    def _convert_to_address(self, BClass):
+        if getattr(BClass, '_BItem', None) is self.__class__:
+            return ctypes.addressof(self._blob)
+        else:
+            return CTypesData._convert_to_address(self, BClass)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_ctypes(cls, ctypes_struct_or_union):
+        self = cls.__new__(cls)
+        self._blob = ctypes_struct_or_union
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _to_ctypes(cls, value):
+        return value._blob
+
+    def __repr__(self, c_name=None):
+        return CTypesData.__repr__(self, c_name or self._get_c_name(' &'))
+
+
+class CTypesBackend(object):
+
+    PRIMITIVE_TYPES = {
+        'char': ctypes.c_char,
+        'short': ctypes.c_short,
+        'int': ctypes.c_int,
+        'long': ctypes.c_long,
+        'long long': ctypes.c_longlong,
+        'signed char': ctypes.c_byte,
+        'unsigned char': ctypes.c_ubyte,
+        'unsigned short': ctypes.c_ushort,
+        'unsigned int': ctypes.c_uint,
+        'unsigned long': ctypes.c_ulong,
+        'unsigned long long': ctypes.c_ulonglong,
+        'float': ctypes.c_float,
+        'double': ctypes.c_double,
+        '_Bool': ctypes.c_bool,
+        }
+
+    for _name in ['unsigned long long', 'unsigned long',
+                  'unsigned int', 'unsigned short', 'unsigned char']:
+        _size = ctypes.sizeof(PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name])
+        PRIMITIVE_TYPES['uint%d_t' % (8*_size)] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+        if _size == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p):
+            PRIMITIVE_TYPES['uintptr_t'] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+        if _size == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_size_t):
+            PRIMITIVE_TYPES['size_t'] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+
+    for _name in ['long long', 'long', 'int', 'short', 'signed char']:
+        _size = ctypes.sizeof(PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name])
+        PRIMITIVE_TYPES['int%d_t' % (8*_size)] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+        if _size == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p):
+            PRIMITIVE_TYPES['intptr_t'] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+            PRIMITIVE_TYPES['ptrdiff_t'] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+        if _size == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_size_t):
+            PRIMITIVE_TYPES['ssize_t'] = PRIMITIVE_TYPES[_name]
+
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.RTLD_LAZY = 0   # not supported anyway by ctypes
+        self.RTLD_NOW  = 0
+        self.RTLD_GLOBAL = ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL
+        self.RTLD_LOCAL = ctypes.RTLD_LOCAL
+
+    def set_ffi(self, ffi):
+        self.ffi = ffi
+
+    def _get_types(self):
+        return CTypesData, CTypesType
+
+    def load_library(self, path, flags=0):
+        cdll = ctypes.CDLL(path, flags)
+        return CTypesLibrary(self, cdll)
+
+    def new_void_type(self):
+        class CTypesVoid(CTypesData):
+            __slots__ = []
+            _reftypename = 'void &'
+            @staticmethod
+            def _from_ctypes(novalue):
+                return None
+            @staticmethod
+            def _to_ctypes(novalue):
+                if novalue is not None:
+                    raise TypeError("None expected, got %s object" %
+                                    (type(novalue).__name__,))
+                return None
+        CTypesVoid._fix_class()
+        return CTypesVoid
+
+    def new_primitive_type(self, name):
+        if name == 'wchar_t':
+            raise NotImplementedError(name)
+        ctype = self.PRIMITIVE_TYPES[name]
+        if name == 'char':
+            kind = 'char'
+        elif name in ('float', 'double'):
+            kind = 'float'
+        else:
+            if name in ('signed char', 'unsigned char'):
+                kind = 'byte'
+            elif name == '_Bool':
+                kind = 'bool'
+            else:
+                kind = 'int'
+            is_signed = (ctype(-1).value == -1)
+        #
+        def _cast_source_to_int(source):
+            if isinstance(source, (int, long, float)):
+                source = int(source)
+            elif isinstance(source, CTypesData):
+                source = source._cast_to_integer()
+            elif isinstance(source, bytes):
+                source = ord(source)
+            elif source is None:
+                source = 0
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("bad type for cast to %r: %r" %
+                                (CTypesPrimitive, type(source).__name__))
+            return source
+        #
+        kind1 = kind
+        class CTypesPrimitive(CTypesGenericPrimitive):
+            __slots__ = ['_value']
+            _ctype = ctype
+            _reftypename = '%s &' % name
+            kind = kind1
+
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self._value = value
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _create_ctype_obj(init):
+                if init is None:
+                    return ctype()
+                return ctype(CTypesPrimitive._to_ctypes(init))
+
+            if kind == 'int' or kind == 'byte':
+                @classmethod
+                def _cast_from(cls, source):
+                    source = _cast_source_to_int(source)
+                    source = ctype(source).value     # cast within range
+                    return cls(source)
+                def __int__(self):
+                    return self._value
+
+            if kind == 'bool':
+                @classmethod
+                def _cast_from(cls, source):
+                    if not isinstance(source, (int, long, float)):
+                        source = _cast_source_to_int(source)
+                    return cls(bool(source))
+                def __int__(self):
+                    return int(self._value)
+
+            if kind == 'char':
+                @classmethod
+                def _cast_from(cls, source):
+                    source = _cast_source_to_int(source)
+                    source = bytechr(source & 0xFF)
+                    return cls(source)
+                def __int__(self):
+                    return ord(self._value)
+
+            if kind == 'float':
+                @classmethod
+                def _cast_from(cls, source):
+                    if isinstance(source, float):
+                        pass
+                    elif isinstance(source, CTypesGenericPrimitive):
+                        if hasattr(source, '__float__'):
+                            source = float(source)
+                        else:
+                            source = int(source)
+                    else:
+                        source = _cast_source_to_int(source)
+                    source = ctype(source).value     # fix precision
+                    return cls(source)
+                def __int__(self):
+                    return int(self._value)
+                def __float__(self):
+                    return self._value
+
+            _cast_to_integer = __int__
+
+            if kind == 'int' or kind == 'byte' or kind == 'bool':
+                @staticmethod
+                def _to_ctypes(x):
+                    if not isinstance(x, (int, long)):
+                        if isinstance(x, CTypesData):
+                            x = int(x)
+                        else:
+                            raise TypeError("integer expected, got %s" %
+                                            type(x).__name__)
+                    if ctype(x).value != x:
+                        if not is_signed and x < 0:
+                            raise OverflowError("%s: negative integer" % name)
+                        else:
+                            raise OverflowError("%s: integer out of bounds"
+                                                % name)
+                    return x
+
+            if kind == 'char':
+                @staticmethod
+                def _to_ctypes(x):
+                    if isinstance(x, bytes) and len(x) == 1:
+                        return x
+                    if isinstance(x, CTypesPrimitive):    # <CData <char>>
+                        return x._value
+                    raise TypeError("character expected, got %s" %
+                                    type(x).__name__)
+                def __nonzero__(self):
+                    return ord(self._value) != 0
+            else:
+                def __nonzero__(self):
+                    return self._value != 0
+            __bool__ = __nonzero__
+
+            if kind == 'float':
+                @staticmethod
+                def _to_ctypes(x):
+                    if not isinstance(x, (int, long, float, CTypesData)):
+                        raise TypeError("float expected, got %s" %
+                                        type(x).__name__)
+                    return ctype(x).value
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _from_ctypes(value):
+                return getattr(value, 'value', value)
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _initialize(blob, init):
+                blob.value = CTypesPrimitive._to_ctypes(init)
+
+            if kind == 'char':
+                def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+                    return self._value
+            if kind == 'byte':
+                def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+                    return chr(self._value & 0xff)
+        #
+        CTypesPrimitive._fix_class()
+        return CTypesPrimitive
+
+    def new_pointer_type(self, BItem):
+        getbtype = self.ffi._get_cached_btype
+        if BItem is getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('char')):
+            kind = 'charp'
+        elif BItem in (getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('signed char')),
+                       getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('unsigned char'))):
+            kind = 'bytep'
+        elif BItem is getbtype(model.void_type):
+            kind = 'voidp'
+        else:
+            kind = 'generic'
+        #
+        class CTypesPtr(CTypesGenericPtr):
+            __slots__ = ['_own']
+            if kind == 'charp':
+                __slots__ += ['__as_strbuf']
+            _BItem = BItem
+            if hasattr(BItem, '_ctype'):
+                _ctype = ctypes.POINTER(BItem._ctype)
+                _bitem_size = ctypes.sizeof(BItem._ctype)
+            else:
+                _ctype = ctypes.c_void_p
+            if issubclass(BItem, CTypesGenericArray):
+                _reftypename = BItem._get_c_name('(* &)')
+            else:
+                _reftypename = BItem._get_c_name(' * &')
+
+            def __init__(self, init):
+                ctypeobj = BItem._create_ctype_obj(init)
+                if kind == 'charp':
+                    self.__as_strbuf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(
+                        ctypeobj.value + b'\x00')
+                    self._as_ctype_ptr = ctypes.cast(
+                        self.__as_strbuf, self._ctype)
+                else:
+                    self._as_ctype_ptr = ctypes.pointer(ctypeobj)
+                self._address = ctypes.cast(self._as_ctype_ptr,
+                                            ctypes.c_void_p).value
+                self._own = True
+
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+                    return self._new_pointer_at(self._address +
+                                                other * self._bitem_size)
+                else:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+            def __sub__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+                    return self._new_pointer_at(self._address -
+                                                other * self._bitem_size)
+                elif type(self) is type(other):
+                    return (self._address - other._address) // self._bitem_size
+                else:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                if getattr(self, '_own', False) and index != 0:
+                    raise IndexError
+                return BItem._from_ctypes(self._as_ctype_ptr[index])
+
+            def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+                self._as_ctype_ptr[index] = BItem._to_ctypes(value)
+
+            if kind == 'charp' or kind == 'voidp':
+                @classmethod
+                def _arg_to_ctypes(cls, *value):
+                    if value and isinstance(value[0], bytes):
+                        return ctypes.c_char_p(value[0])
+                    else:
+                        return super(CTypesPtr, cls)._arg_to_ctypes(*value)
+
+            if kind == 'charp' or kind == 'bytep':
+                def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+                    if maxlen < 0:
+                        maxlen = sys.maxsize
+                    p = ctypes.cast(self._as_ctype_ptr,
+                                    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))
+                    n = 0
+                    while n < maxlen and p[n] != b'\x00':
+                        n += 1
+                    return b''.join([p[i] for i in range(n)])
+
+            def _get_own_repr(self):
+                if getattr(self, '_own', False):
+                    return 'owning %d bytes' % (
+                        ctypes.sizeof(self._as_ctype_ptr.contents),)
+                return super(CTypesPtr, self)._get_own_repr()
+        #
+        if (BItem is self.ffi._get_cached_btype(model.void_type) or
+            BItem is self.ffi._get_cached_btype(model.PrimitiveType('char'))):
+            CTypesPtr._automatic_casts = True
+        #
+        CTypesPtr._fix_class()
+        return CTypesPtr
+
+    def new_array_type(self, CTypesPtr, length):
+        if length is None:
+            brackets = ' &[]'
+        else:
+            brackets = ' &[%d]' % length
+        BItem = CTypesPtr._BItem
+        getbtype = self.ffi._get_cached_btype
+        if BItem is getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('char')):
+            kind = 'char'
+        elif BItem in (getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('signed char')),
+                       getbtype(model.PrimitiveType('unsigned char'))):
+            kind = 'byte'
+        else:
+            kind = 'generic'
+        #
+        class CTypesArray(CTypesGenericArray):
+            __slots__ = ['_blob', '_own']
+            if length is not None:
+                _ctype = BItem._ctype * length
+            else:
+                __slots__.append('_ctype')
+            _reftypename = BItem._get_c_name(brackets)
+            _declared_length = length
+            _CTPtr = CTypesPtr
+
+            def __init__(self, init):
+                if length is None:
+                    if isinstance(init, (int, long)):
+                        len1 = init
+                        init = None
+                    elif kind == 'char' and isinstance(init, bytes):
+                        len1 = len(init) + 1    # extra null
+                    else:
+                        init = tuple(init)
+                        len1 = len(init)
+                    self._ctype = BItem._ctype * len1
+                self._blob = self._ctype()
+                self._own = True
+                if init is not None:
+                    self._initialize(self._blob, init)
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _initialize(blob, init):
+                if isinstance(init, bytes):
+                    init = [init[i:i+1] for i in range(len(init))]
+                else:
+                    if isinstance(init, CTypesGenericArray):
+                        if (len(init) != len(blob) or
+                            not isinstance(init, CTypesArray)):
+                            raise TypeError("length/type mismatch: %s" % (init,))
+                    init = tuple(init)
+                if len(init) > len(blob):
+                    raise IndexError("too many initializers")
+                addr = ctypes.cast(blob, ctypes.c_void_p).value
+                PTR = ctypes.POINTER(BItem._ctype)
+                itemsize = ctypes.sizeof(BItem._ctype)
+                for i, value in enumerate(init):
+                    p = ctypes.cast(addr + i * itemsize, PTR)
+                    BItem._initialize(p.contents, value)
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return len(self._blob)
+
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                if not (0 <= index < len(self._blob)):
+                    raise IndexError
+                return BItem._from_ctypes(self._blob[index])
+
+            def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+                if not (0 <= index < len(self._blob)):
+                    raise IndexError
+                self._blob[index] = BItem._to_ctypes(value)
+
+            if kind == 'char' or kind == 'byte':
+                def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+                    if maxlen < 0:
+                        maxlen = len(self._blob)
+                    p = ctypes.cast(self._blob,
+                                    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))
+                    n = 0
+                    while n < maxlen and p[n] != b'\x00':
+                        n += 1
+                    return b''.join([p[i] for i in range(n)])
+
+            def _get_own_repr(self):
+                if getattr(self, '_own', False):
+                    return 'owning %d bytes' % (ctypes.sizeof(self._blob),)
+                return super(CTypesArray, self)._get_own_repr()
+
+            def _convert_to_address(self, BClass):
+                if BClass in (CTypesPtr, None) or BClass._automatic_casts:
+                    return ctypes.addressof(self._blob)
+                else:
+                    return CTypesData._convert_to_address(self, BClass)
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _from_ctypes(ctypes_array):
+                self = CTypesArray.__new__(CTypesArray)
+                self._blob = ctypes_array
+                return self
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _arg_to_ctypes(value):
+                return CTypesPtr._arg_to_ctypes(value)
+
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+                    return CTypesPtr._new_pointer_at(
+                        ctypes.addressof(self._blob) +
+                        other * ctypes.sizeof(BItem._ctype))
+                else:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+            @classmethod
+            def _cast_from(cls, source):
+                raise NotImplementedError("casting to %r" % (
+                    cls._get_c_name(),))
+        #
+        CTypesArray._fix_class()
+        return CTypesArray
+
+    def _new_struct_or_union(self, kind, name, base_ctypes_class):
+        #
+        class struct_or_union(base_ctypes_class):
+            pass
+        struct_or_union.__name__ = '%s_%s' % (kind, name)
+        kind1 = kind
+        #
+        class CTypesStructOrUnion(CTypesBaseStructOrUnion):
+            __slots__ = ['_blob']
+            _ctype = struct_or_union
+            _reftypename = '%s &' % (name,)
+            _kind = kind = kind1
+        #
+        CTypesStructOrUnion._fix_class()
+        return CTypesStructOrUnion
+
+    def new_struct_type(self, name):
+        return self._new_struct_or_union('struct', name, ctypes.Structure)
+
+    def new_union_type(self, name):
+        return self._new_struct_or_union('union', name, ctypes.Union)
+
+    def complete_struct_or_union(self, CTypesStructOrUnion, fields, tp,
+                                 totalsize=-1, totalalignment=-1, sflags=0,
+                                 pack=0):
+        if totalsize >= 0 or totalalignment >= 0:
+            raise NotImplementedError("the ctypes backend of CFFI does not support "
+                                      "structures completed by verify(); please "
+                                      "compile and install the _cffi_backend module.")
+        struct_or_union = CTypesStructOrUnion._ctype
+        fnames = [fname for (fname, BField, bitsize) in fields]
+        btypes = [BField for (fname, BField, bitsize) in fields]
+        bitfields = [bitsize for (fname, BField, bitsize) in fields]
+        #
+        bfield_types = {}
+        cfields = []
+        for (fname, BField, bitsize) in fields:
+            if bitsize < 0:
+                cfields.append((fname, BField._ctype))
+                bfield_types[fname] = BField
+            else:
+                cfields.append((fname, BField._ctype, bitsize))
+                bfield_types[fname] = Ellipsis
+        if sflags & 8:
+            struct_or_union._pack_ = 1
+        elif pack:
+            struct_or_union._pack_ = pack
+        struct_or_union._fields_ = cfields
+        CTypesStructOrUnion._bfield_types = bfield_types
+        #
+        @staticmethod
+        def _create_ctype_obj(init):
+            result = struct_or_union()
+            if init is not None:
+                initialize(result, init)
+            return result
+        CTypesStructOrUnion._create_ctype_obj = _create_ctype_obj
+        #
+        def initialize(blob, init):
+            if is_union:
+                if len(init) > 1:
+                    raise ValueError("union initializer: %d items given, but "
+                                    "only one supported (use a dict if needed)"
+                                     % (len(init),))
+            if not isinstance(init, dict):
+                if isinstance(init, (bytes, unicode)):
+                    raise TypeError("union initializer: got a str")
+                init = tuple(init)
+                if len(init) > len(fnames):
+                    raise ValueError("too many values for %s initializer" %
+                                     CTypesStructOrUnion._get_c_name())
+                init = dict(zip(fnames, init))
+            addr = ctypes.addressof(blob)
+            for fname, value in init.items():
+                BField, bitsize = name2fieldtype[fname]
+                assert bitsize < 0, \
+                       "not implemented: initializer with bit fields"
+                offset = CTypesStructOrUnion._offsetof(fname)
+                PTR = ctypes.POINTER(BField._ctype)
+                p = ctypes.cast(addr + offset, PTR)
+                BField._initialize(p.contents, value)
+        is_union = CTypesStructOrUnion._kind == 'union'
+        name2fieldtype = dict(zip(fnames, zip(btypes, bitfields)))
+        #
+        for fname, BField, bitsize in fields:
+            if fname == '':
+                raise NotImplementedError("nested anonymous structs/unions")
+            if hasattr(CTypesStructOrUnion, fname):
+                raise ValueError("the field name %r conflicts in "
+                                 "the ctypes backend" % fname)
+            if bitsize < 0:
+                def getter(self, fname=fname, BField=BField,
+                           offset=CTypesStructOrUnion._offsetof(fname),
+                           PTR=ctypes.POINTER(BField._ctype)):
+                    addr = ctypes.addressof(self._blob)
+                    p = ctypes.cast(addr + offset, PTR)
+                    return BField._from_ctypes(p.contents)
+                def setter(self, value, fname=fname, BField=BField):
+                    setattr(self._blob, fname, BField._to_ctypes(value))
+                #
+                if issubclass(BField, CTypesGenericArray):
+                    setter = None
+                    if BField._declared_length == 0:
+                        def getter(self, fname=fname, BFieldPtr=BField._CTPtr,
+                                   offset=CTypesStructOrUnion._offsetof(fname),
+                                   PTR=ctypes.POINTER(BField._ctype)):
+                            addr = ctypes.addressof(self._blob)
+                            p = ctypes.cast(addr + offset, PTR)
+                            return BFieldPtr._from_ctypes(p)
+                #
+            else:
+                def getter(self, fname=fname, BField=BField):
+                    return BField._from_ctypes(getattr(self._blob, fname))
+                def setter(self, value, fname=fname, BField=BField):
+                    # xxx obscure workaround
+                    value = BField._to_ctypes(value)
+                    oldvalue = getattr(self._blob, fname)
+                    setattr(self._blob, fname, value)
+                    if value != getattr(self._blob, fname):
+                        setattr(self._blob, fname, oldvalue)
+                        raise OverflowError("value too large for bitfield")
+            setattr(CTypesStructOrUnion, fname, property(getter, setter))
+        #
+        CTypesPtr = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(model.PointerType(tp))
+        for fname in fnames:
+            if hasattr(CTypesPtr, fname):
+                raise ValueError("the field name %r conflicts in "
+                                 "the ctypes backend" % fname)
+            def getter(self, fname=fname):
+                return getattr(self[0], fname)
+            def setter(self, value, fname=fname):
+                setattr(self[0], fname, value)
+            setattr(CTypesPtr, fname, property(getter, setter))
+
+    def new_function_type(self, BArgs, BResult, has_varargs):
+        nameargs = [BArg._get_c_name() for BArg in BArgs]
+        if has_varargs:
+            nameargs.append('...')
+        nameargs = ', '.join(nameargs)
+        #
+        class CTypesFunctionPtr(CTypesGenericPtr):
+            __slots__ = ['_own_callback', '_name']
+            _ctype = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(getattr(BResult, '_ctype', None),
+                                      *[BArg._ctype for BArg in BArgs],
+                                      use_errno=True)
+            _reftypename = BResult._get_c_name('(* &)(%s)' % (nameargs,))
+
+            def __init__(self, init, error=None):
+                # create a callback to the Python callable init()
+                import traceback
+                assert not has_varargs, "varargs not supported for callbacks"
+                if getattr(BResult, '_ctype', None) is not None:
+                    error = BResult._from_ctypes(
+                        BResult._create_ctype_obj(error))
+                else:
+                    error = None
+                def callback(*args):
+                    args2 = []
+                    for arg, BArg in zip(args, BArgs):
+                        args2.append(BArg._from_ctypes(arg))
+                    try:
+                        res2 = init(*args2)
+                        res2 = BResult._to_ctypes(res2)
+                    except:
+                        traceback.print_exc()
+                        res2 = error
+                    if issubclass(BResult, CTypesGenericPtr):
+                        if res2:
+                            res2 = ctypes.cast(res2, ctypes.c_void_p).value
+                                # .value: http://bugs.python.org/issue1574593
+                        else:
+                            res2 = None
+                    #print repr(res2)
+                    return res2
+                if issubclass(BResult, CTypesGenericPtr):
+                    # The only pointers callbacks can return are void*s:
+                    # http://bugs.python.org/issue5710
+                    callback_ctype = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(
+                        ctypes.c_void_p,
+                        *[BArg._ctype for BArg in BArgs],
+                        use_errno=True)
+                else:
+                    callback_ctype = CTypesFunctionPtr._ctype
+                self._as_ctype_ptr = callback_ctype(callback)
+                self._address = ctypes.cast(self._as_ctype_ptr,
+                                            ctypes.c_void_p).value
+                self._own_callback = init
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def _initialize(ctypes_ptr, value):
+                if value:
+                    raise NotImplementedError("ctypes backend: not supported: "
+                                          "initializers for function pointers")
+
+            def __repr__(self):
+                c_name = getattr(self, '_name', None)
+                if c_name:
+                    i = self._reftypename.index('(* &)')
+                    if self._reftypename[i-1] not in ' )*':
+                        c_name = ' ' + c_name
+                    c_name = self._reftypename.replace('(* &)', c_name)
+                return CTypesData.__repr__(self, c_name)
+
+            def _get_own_repr(self):
+                if getattr(self, '_own_callback', None) is not None:
+                    return 'calling %r' % (self._own_callback,)
+                return super(CTypesFunctionPtr, self)._get_own_repr()
+
+            def __call__(self, *args):
+                if has_varargs:
+                    assert len(args) >= len(BArgs)
+                    extraargs = args[len(BArgs):]
+                    args = args[:len(BArgs)]
+                else:
+                    assert len(args) == len(BArgs)
+                ctypes_args = []
+                for arg, BArg in zip(args, BArgs):
+                    ctypes_args.append(BArg._arg_to_ctypes(arg))
+                if has_varargs:
+                    for i, arg in enumerate(extraargs):
+                        if arg is None:
+                            ctypes_args.append(ctypes.c_void_p(0))  # NULL
+                            continue
+                        if not isinstance(arg, CTypesData):
+                            raise TypeError(
+                                "argument %d passed in the variadic part "
+                                "needs to be a cdata object (got %s)" %
+                                (1 + len(BArgs) + i, type(arg).__name__))
+                        ctypes_args.append(arg._arg_to_ctypes(arg))
+                result = self._as_ctype_ptr(*ctypes_args)
+                return BResult._from_ctypes(result)
+        #
+        CTypesFunctionPtr._fix_class()
+        return CTypesFunctionPtr
+
+    def new_enum_type(self, name, enumerators, enumvalues, CTypesInt):
+        assert isinstance(name, str)
+        reverse_mapping = dict(zip(reversed(enumvalues),
+                                   reversed(enumerators)))
+        #
+        class CTypesEnum(CTypesInt):
+            __slots__ = []
+            _reftypename = '%s &' % name
+
+            def _get_own_repr(self):
+                value = self._value
+                try:
+                    return '%d: %s' % (value, reverse_mapping[value])
+                except KeyError:
+                    return str(value)
+
+            def _to_string(self, maxlen):
+                value = self._value
+                try:
+                    return reverse_mapping[value]
+                except KeyError:
+                    return str(value)
+        #
+        CTypesEnum._fix_class()
+        return CTypesEnum
+
+    def get_errno(self):
+        return ctypes.get_errno()
+
+    def set_errno(self, value):
+        ctypes.set_errno(value)
+
+    def string(self, b, maxlen=-1):
+        return b._to_string(maxlen)
+
+    def buffer(self, bptr, size=-1):
+        raise NotImplementedError("buffer() with ctypes backend")
+
+    def sizeof(self, cdata_or_BType):
+        if isinstance(cdata_or_BType, CTypesData):
+            return cdata_or_BType._get_size_of_instance()
+        else:
+            assert issubclass(cdata_or_BType, CTypesData)
+            return cdata_or_BType._get_size()
+
+    def alignof(self, BType):
+        assert issubclass(BType, CTypesData)
+        return BType._alignment()
+
+    def newp(self, BType, source):
+        if not issubclass(BType, CTypesData):
+            raise TypeError
+        return BType._newp(source)
+
+    def cast(self, BType, source):
+        return BType._cast_from(source)
+
+    def callback(self, BType, source, error, onerror):
+        assert onerror is None   # XXX not implemented
+        return BType(source, error)
+
+    _weakref_cache_ref = None
+
+    def gcp(self, cdata, destructor, size=0):
+        if self._weakref_cache_ref is None:
+            import weakref
+            class MyRef(weakref.ref):
+                def __eq__(self, other):
+                    myref = self()
+                    return self is other or (
+                        myref is not None and myref is other())
+                def __ne__(self, other):
+                    return not (self == other)
+                def __hash__(self):
+                    try:
+                        return self._hash
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        self._hash = hash(self())
+                        return self._hash
+            self._weakref_cache_ref = {}, MyRef
+        weak_cache, MyRef = self._weakref_cache_ref
+
+        if destructor is None:
+            try:
+                del weak_cache[MyRef(cdata)]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise TypeError("Can remove destructor only on a object "
+                                "previously returned by ffi.gc()")
+            return None
+
+        def remove(k):
+            cdata, destructor = weak_cache.pop(k, (None, None))
+            if destructor is not None:
+                destructor(cdata)
+
+        new_cdata = self.cast(self.typeof(cdata), cdata)
+        assert new_cdata is not cdata
+        weak_cache[MyRef(new_cdata, remove)] = (cdata, destructor)
+        return new_cdata
+
+    typeof = type
+
+    def getcname(self, BType, replace_with):
+        return BType._get_c_name(replace_with)
+
+    def typeoffsetof(self, BType, fieldname, num=0):
+        if isinstance(fieldname, str):
+            if num == 0 and issubclass(BType, CTypesGenericPtr):
+                BType = BType._BItem
+            if not issubclass(BType, CTypesBaseStructOrUnion):
+                raise TypeError("expected a struct or union ctype")
+            BField = BType._bfield_types[fieldname]
+            if BField is Ellipsis:
+                raise TypeError("not supported for bitfields")
+            return (BField, BType._offsetof(fieldname))
+        elif isinstance(fieldname, (int, long)):
+            if issubclass(BType, CTypesGenericArray):
+                BType = BType._CTPtr
+            if not issubclass(BType, CTypesGenericPtr):
+                raise TypeError("expected an array or ptr ctype")
+            BItem = BType._BItem
+            offset = BItem._get_size() * fieldname
+            if offset > sys.maxsize:
+                raise OverflowError
+            return (BItem, offset)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(type(fieldname))
+
+    def rawaddressof(self, BTypePtr, cdata, offset=None):
+        if isinstance(cdata, CTypesBaseStructOrUnion):
+            ptr = ctypes.pointer(type(cdata)._to_ctypes(cdata))
+        elif isinstance(cdata, CTypesGenericPtr):
+            if offset is None or not issubclass(type(cdata)._BItem,
+                                                CTypesBaseStructOrUnion):
+                raise TypeError("unexpected cdata type")
+            ptr = type(cdata)._to_ctypes(cdata)
+        elif isinstance(cdata, CTypesGenericArray):
+            ptr = type(cdata)._to_ctypes(cdata)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expected a <cdata 'struct-or-union'>")
+        if offset:
+            ptr = ctypes.cast(
+                ctypes.c_void_p(
+                    ctypes.cast(ptr, ctypes.c_void_p).value + offset),
+                type(ptr))
+        return BTypePtr._from_ctypes(ptr)
+
+
+class CTypesLibrary(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, backend, cdll):
+        self.backend = backend
+        self.cdll = cdll
+
+    def load_function(self, BType, name):
+        c_func = getattr(self.cdll, name)
+        funcobj = BType._from_ctypes(c_func)
+        funcobj._name = name
+        return funcobj
+
+    def read_variable(self, BType, name):
+        try:
+            ctypes_obj = BType._ctype.in_dll(self.cdll, name)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise NotImplementedError(e)
+        return BType._from_ctypes(ctypes_obj)
+
+    def write_variable(self, BType, name, value):
+        new_ctypes_obj = BType._to_ctypes(value)
+        ctypes_obj = BType._ctype.in_dll(self.cdll, name)
+        ctypes.memmove(ctypes.addressof(ctypes_obj),
+                       ctypes.addressof(new_ctypes_obj),
+                       ctypes.sizeof(BType._ctype))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cffi_opcode.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cffi_opcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6421df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cffi_opcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from .error import VerificationError
+
+class CffiOp(object):
+    def __init__(self, op, arg):
+        self.op = op
+        self.arg = arg
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        if self.op is None:
+            assert isinstance(self.arg, str)
+            return '(_cffi_opcode_t)(%s)' % (self.arg,)
+        classname = CLASS_NAME[self.op]
+        return '_CFFI_OP(_CFFI_OP_%s, %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
+
+    def as_python_bytes(self):
+        if self.op is None and self.arg.isdigit():
+            value = int(self.arg)     # non-negative: '-' not in self.arg
+            if value >= 2**31:
+                raise OverflowError("cannot emit %r: limited to 2**31-1"
+                                    % (self.arg,))
+            return format_four_bytes(value)
+        if isinstance(self.arg, str):
+            raise VerificationError("cannot emit to Python: %r" % (self.arg,))
+        return format_four_bytes((self.arg << 8) | self.op)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        classname = CLASS_NAME.get(self.op, self.op)
+        return '(%s %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
+
+def format_four_bytes(num):
+    return '\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X' % (
+        (num >> 24) & 0xFF,
+        (num >> 16) & 0xFF,
+        (num >>  8) & 0xFF,
+        (num      ) & 0xFF)
+
+OP_PRIMITIVE       = 1
+OP_POINTER         = 3
+OP_ARRAY           = 5
+OP_OPEN_ARRAY      = 7
+OP_STRUCT_UNION    = 9
+OP_ENUM            = 11
+OP_FUNCTION        = 13
+OP_FUNCTION_END    = 15
+OP_NOOP            = 17
+OP_BITFIELD        = 19
+OP_TYPENAME        = 21
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V  = 23   # varargs
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N  = 25   # noargs
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O  = 27   # O  (i.e. a single arg)
+OP_CONSTANT        = 29
+OP_CONSTANT_INT    = 31
+OP_GLOBAL_VAR      = 33
+OP_DLOPEN_FUNC     = 35
+OP_DLOPEN_CONST    = 37
+OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F    = 39
+OP_EXTERN_PYTHON   = 41
+
+PRIM_VOID          = 0
+PRIM_BOOL          = 1
+PRIM_CHAR          = 2
+PRIM_SCHAR         = 3
+PRIM_UCHAR         = 4
+PRIM_SHORT         = 5
+PRIM_USHORT        = 6
+PRIM_INT           = 7
+PRIM_UINT          = 8
+PRIM_LONG          = 9
+PRIM_ULONG         = 10
+PRIM_LONGLONG      = 11
+PRIM_ULONGLONG     = 12
+PRIM_FLOAT         = 13
+PRIM_DOUBLE        = 14
+PRIM_LONGDOUBLE    = 15
+
+PRIM_WCHAR         = 16
+PRIM_INT8          = 17
+PRIM_UINT8         = 18
+PRIM_INT16         = 19
+PRIM_UINT16        = 20
+PRIM_INT32         = 21
+PRIM_UINT32        = 22
+PRIM_INT64         = 23
+PRIM_UINT64        = 24
+PRIM_INTPTR        = 25
+PRIM_UINTPTR       = 26
+PRIM_PTRDIFF       = 27
+PRIM_SIZE          = 28
+PRIM_SSIZE         = 29
+PRIM_INT_LEAST8    = 30
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST8   = 31
+PRIM_INT_LEAST16   = 32
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST16  = 33
+PRIM_INT_LEAST32   = 34
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST32  = 35
+PRIM_INT_LEAST64   = 36
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST64  = 37
+PRIM_INT_FAST8     = 38
+PRIM_UINT_FAST8    = 39
+PRIM_INT_FAST16    = 40
+PRIM_UINT_FAST16   = 41
+PRIM_INT_FAST32    = 42
+PRIM_UINT_FAST32   = 43
+PRIM_INT_FAST64    = 44
+PRIM_UINT_FAST64   = 45
+PRIM_INTMAX        = 46
+PRIM_UINTMAX       = 47
+PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX  = 48
+PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX = 49
+PRIM_CHAR16        = 50
+PRIM_CHAR32        = 51
+
+_NUM_PRIM          = 52
+_UNKNOWN_PRIM          = -1
+_UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM    = -2
+_UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE   = -3
+
+_IO_FILE_STRUCT        = -1
+
+PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX = {
+    'char':               PRIM_CHAR,
+    'short':              PRIM_SHORT,
+    'int':                PRIM_INT,
+    'long':               PRIM_LONG,
+    'long long':          PRIM_LONGLONG,
+    'signed char':        PRIM_SCHAR,
+    'unsigned char':      PRIM_UCHAR,
+    'unsigned short':     PRIM_USHORT,
+    'unsigned int':       PRIM_UINT,
+    'unsigned long':      PRIM_ULONG,
+    'unsigned long long': PRIM_ULONGLONG,
+    'float':              PRIM_FLOAT,
+    'double':             PRIM_DOUBLE,
+    'long double':        PRIM_LONGDOUBLE,
+    '_cffi_float_complex_t': PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX,
+    '_cffi_double_complex_t': PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX,
+    '_Bool':              PRIM_BOOL,
+    'wchar_t':            PRIM_WCHAR,
+    'char16_t':           PRIM_CHAR16,
+    'char32_t':           PRIM_CHAR32,
+    'int8_t':             PRIM_INT8,
+    'uint8_t':            PRIM_UINT8,
+    'int16_t':            PRIM_INT16,
+    'uint16_t':           PRIM_UINT16,
+    'int32_t':            PRIM_INT32,
+    'uint32_t':           PRIM_UINT32,
+    'int64_t':            PRIM_INT64,
+    'uint64_t':           PRIM_UINT64,
+    'intptr_t':           PRIM_INTPTR,
+    'uintptr_t':          PRIM_UINTPTR,
+    'ptrdiff_t':          PRIM_PTRDIFF,
+    'size_t':             PRIM_SIZE,
+    'ssize_t':            PRIM_SSIZE,
+    'int_least8_t':       PRIM_INT_LEAST8,
+    'uint_least8_t':      PRIM_UINT_LEAST8,
+    'int_least16_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST16,
+    'uint_least16_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST16,
+    'int_least32_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST32,
+    'uint_least32_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST32,
+    'int_least64_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST64,
+    'uint_least64_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST64,
+    'int_fast8_t':        PRIM_INT_FAST8,
+    'uint_fast8_t':       PRIM_UINT_FAST8,
+    'int_fast16_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST16,
+    'uint_fast16_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST16,
+    'int_fast32_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST32,
+    'uint_fast32_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST32,
+    'int_fast64_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST64,
+    'uint_fast64_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST64,
+    'intmax_t':           PRIM_INTMAX,
+    'uintmax_t':          PRIM_UINTMAX,
+    }
+
+F_UNION         = 0x01
+F_CHECK_FIELDS  = 0x02
+F_PACKED        = 0x04
+F_EXTERNAL      = 0x08
+F_OPAQUE        = 0x10
+
+G_FLAGS = dict([('_CFFI_' + _key, globals()[_key])
+                for _key in ['F_UNION', 'F_CHECK_FIELDS', 'F_PACKED',
+                             'F_EXTERNAL', 'F_OPAQUE']])
+
+CLASS_NAME = {}
+for _name, _value in list(globals().items()):
+    if _name.startswith('OP_') and isinstance(_value, int):
+        CLASS_NAME[_value] = _name[3:]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/commontypes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/commontypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4dae35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/commontypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import sys
+from . import model
+from .error import FFIError
+
+
+COMMON_TYPES = {}
+
+try:
+    # fetch "bool" and all simple Windows types
+    from _cffi_backend import _get_common_types
+    _get_common_types(COMMON_TYPES)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+COMMON_TYPES['FILE'] = model.unknown_type('FILE', '_IO_FILE')
+COMMON_TYPES['bool'] = '_Bool'    # in case we got ImportError above
+COMMON_TYPES['float _Complex'] = '_cffi_float_complex_t'
+COMMON_TYPES['double _Complex'] = '_cffi_double_complex_t'
+
+for _type in model.PrimitiveType.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
+    if _type.endswith('_t'):
+        COMMON_TYPES[_type] = _type
+del _type
+
+_CACHE = {}
+
+def resolve_common_type(parser, commontype):
+    try:
+        return _CACHE[commontype]
+    except KeyError:
+        cdecl = COMMON_TYPES.get(commontype, commontype)
+        if not isinstance(cdecl, str):
+            result, quals = cdecl, 0    # cdecl is already a BaseType
+        elif cdecl in model.PrimitiveType.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
+            result, quals = model.PrimitiveType(cdecl), 0
+        elif cdecl == 'set-unicode-needed':
+            raise FFIError("The Windows type %r is only available after "
+                           "you call ffi.set_unicode()" % (commontype,))
+        else:
+            if commontype == cdecl:
+                raise FFIError(
+                    "Unsupported type: %r.  Please look at "
+        "http://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cdef.html#ffi-cdef-limitations "
+                    "and file an issue if you think this type should really "
+                    "be supported." % (commontype,))
+            result, quals = parser.parse_type_and_quals(cdecl)   # recursive
+
+        assert isinstance(result, model.BaseTypeByIdentity)
+        _CACHE[commontype] = result, quals
+        return result, quals
+
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+# extra types for Windows (most of them are in commontypes.c)
+
+
+def win_common_types():
+    return {
+        "UNICODE_STRING": model.StructType(
+            "_UNICODE_STRING",
+            ["Length",
+             "MaximumLength",
+             "Buffer"],
+            [model.PrimitiveType("unsigned short"),
+             model.PrimitiveType("unsigned short"),
+             model.PointerType(model.PrimitiveType("wchar_t"))],
+            [-1, -1, -1]),
+        "PUNICODE_STRING": "UNICODE_STRING *",
+        "PCUNICODE_STRING": "const UNICODE_STRING *",
+
+        "TBYTE": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "TCHAR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "LPCTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "PCTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "LPTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "PTSTR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "PTBYTE": "set-unicode-needed",
+        "PTCHAR": "set-unicode-needed",
+        }
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    COMMON_TYPES.update(win_common_types())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cparser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee83ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/cparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1015 @@
+from . import model
+from .commontypes import COMMON_TYPES, resolve_common_type
+from .error import FFIError, CDefError
+try:
+    from . import _pycparser as pycparser
+except ImportError:
+    import pycparser
+import weakref, re, sys
+
+try:
+    if sys.version_info < (3,):
+        import thread as _thread
+    else:
+        import _thread
+    lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
+except ImportError:
+    lock = None
+
+def _workaround_for_static_import_finders():
+    # Issue #392: packaging tools like cx_Freeze can not find these
+    # because pycparser uses exec dynamic import.  This is an obscure
+    # workaround.  This function is never called.
+    import pycparser.yacctab
+    import pycparser.lextab
+
+CDEF_SOURCE_STRING = "<cdef source string>"
+_r_comment = re.compile(r"/\*.*?\*/|//([^\n\\]|\\.)*?$",
+                        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+_r_define  = re.compile(r"^\s*#\s*define\s+([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)"
+                        r"\b((?:[^\n\\]|\\.)*?)$",
+                        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+_r_line_directive = re.compile(r"^[ \t]*#[ \t]*(?:line|\d+)\b.*$", re.MULTILINE)
+_r_partial_enum = re.compile(r"=\s*\.\.\.\s*[,}]|\.\.\.\s*\}")
+_r_enum_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"__dotdotdot\d+__$")
+_r_partial_array = re.compile(r"\[\s*\.\.\.\s*\]")
+_r_words = re.compile(r"\w+|\S")
+_parser_cache = None
+_r_int_literal = re.compile(r"-?0?x?[0-9a-f]+[lu]*$", re.IGNORECASE)
+_r_stdcall1 = re.compile(r"\b(__stdcall|WINAPI)\b")
+_r_stdcall2 = re.compile(r"[(]\s*(__stdcall|WINAPI)\b")
+_r_cdecl = re.compile(r"\b__cdecl\b")
+_r_extern_python = re.compile(r'\bextern\s*"'
+                              r'(Python|Python\s*\+\s*C|C\s*\+\s*Python)"\s*.')
+_r_star_const_space = re.compile(       # matches "* const "
+    r"[*]\s*((const|volatile|restrict)\b\s*)+")
+_r_int_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"(\b(int|long|short|signed|unsigned|char)\s*)+"
+                              r"\.\.\.")
+_r_float_dotdotdot = re.compile(r"\b(double|float)\s*\.\.\.")
+
+def _get_parser():
+    global _parser_cache
+    if _parser_cache is None:
+        _parser_cache = pycparser.CParser()
+    return _parser_cache
+
+def _workaround_for_old_pycparser(csource):
+    # Workaround for a pycparser issue (fixed between pycparser 2.10 and
+    # 2.14): "char*const***" gives us a wrong syntax tree, the same as
+    # for "char***(*const)".  This means we can't tell the difference
+    # afterwards.  But "char(*const(***))" gives us the right syntax
+    # tree.  The issue only occurs if there are several stars in
+    # sequence with no parenthesis inbetween, just possibly qualifiers.
+    # Attempt to fix it by adding some parentheses in the source: each
+    # time we see "* const" or "* const *", we add an opening
+    # parenthesis before each star---the hard part is figuring out where
+    # to close them.
+    parts = []
+    while True:
+        match = _r_star_const_space.search(csource)
+        if not match:
+            break
+        #print repr(''.join(parts)+csource), '=>',
+        parts.append(csource[:match.start()])
+        parts.append('('); closing = ')'
+        parts.append(match.group())   # e.g. "* const "
+        endpos = match.end()
+        if csource.startswith('*', endpos):
+            parts.append('('); closing += ')'
+        level = 0
+        i = endpos
+        while i < len(csource):
+            c = csource[i]
+            if c == '(':
+                level += 1
+            elif c == ')':
+                if level == 0:
+                    break
+                level -= 1
+            elif c in ',;=':
+                if level == 0:
+                    break
+            i += 1
+        csource = csource[endpos:i] + closing + csource[i:]
+        #print repr(''.join(parts)+csource)
+    parts.append(csource)
+    return ''.join(parts)
+
+def _preprocess_extern_python(csource):
+    # input: `extern "Python" int foo(int);` or
+    #        `extern "Python" { int foo(int); }`
+    # output:
+    #     void __cffi_extern_python_start;
+    #     int foo(int);
+    #     void __cffi_extern_python_stop;
+    #
+    # input: `extern "Python+C" int foo(int);`
+    # output:
+    #     void __cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start;
+    #     int foo(int);
+    #     void __cffi_extern_python_stop;
+    parts = []
+    while True:
+        match = _r_extern_python.search(csource)
+        if not match:
+            break
+        endpos = match.end() - 1
+        #print
+        #print ''.join(parts)+csource
+        #print '=>'
+        parts.append(csource[:match.start()])
+        if 'C' in match.group(1):
+            parts.append('void __cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start; ')
+        else:
+            parts.append('void __cffi_extern_python_start; ')
+        if csource[endpos] == '{':
+            # grouping variant
+            closing = csource.find('}', endpos)
+            if closing < 0:
+                raise CDefError("'extern \"Python\" {': no '}' found")
+            if csource.find('{', endpos + 1, closing) >= 0:
+                raise NotImplementedError("cannot use { } inside a block "
+                                          "'extern \"Python\" { ... }'")
+            parts.append(csource[endpos+1:closing])
+            csource = csource[closing+1:]
+        else:
+            # non-grouping variant
+            semicolon = csource.find(';', endpos)
+            if semicolon < 0:
+                raise CDefError("'extern \"Python\": no ';' found")
+            parts.append(csource[endpos:semicolon+1])
+            csource = csource[semicolon+1:]
+        parts.append(' void __cffi_extern_python_stop;')
+        #print ''.join(parts)+csource
+        #print
+    parts.append(csource)
+    return ''.join(parts)
+
+def _warn_for_string_literal(csource):
+    if '"' not in csource:
+        return
+    for line in csource.splitlines():
+        if '"' in line and not line.lstrip().startswith('#'):
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn("String literal found in cdef() or type source. "
+                          "String literals are ignored here, but you should "
+                          "remove them anyway because some character sequences "
+                          "confuse pre-parsing.")
+            break
+
+def _warn_for_non_extern_non_static_global_variable(decl):
+    if not decl.storage:
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn("Global variable '%s' in cdef(): for consistency "
+                      "with C it should have a storage class specifier "
+                      "(usually 'extern')" % (decl.name,))
+
+def _remove_line_directives(csource):
+    # _r_line_directive matches whole lines, without the final \n, if they
+    # start with '#line' with some spacing allowed, or '#NUMBER'.  This
+    # function stores them away and replaces them with exactly the string
+    # '#line@N', where N is the index in the list 'line_directives'.
+    line_directives = []
+    def replace(m):
+        i = len(line_directives)
+        line_directives.append(m.group())
+        return '#line@%d' % i
+    csource = _r_line_directive.sub(replace, csource)
+    return csource, line_directives
+
+def _put_back_line_directives(csource, line_directives):
+    def replace(m):
+        s = m.group()
+        if not s.startswith('#line@'):
+            raise AssertionError("unexpected #line directive "
+                                 "(should have been processed and removed")
+        return line_directives[int(s[6:])]
+    return _r_line_directive.sub(replace, csource)
+
+def _preprocess(csource):
+    # First, remove the lines of the form '#line N "filename"' because
+    # the "filename" part could confuse the rest
+    csource, line_directives = _remove_line_directives(csource)
+    # Remove comments.  NOTE: this only work because the cdef() section
+    # should not contain any string literals (except in line directives)!
+    def replace_keeping_newlines(m):
+        return ' ' + m.group().count('\n') * '\n'
+    csource = _r_comment.sub(replace_keeping_newlines, csource)
+    # Remove the "#define FOO x" lines
+    macros = {}
+    for match in _r_define.finditer(csource):
+        macroname, macrovalue = match.groups()
+        macrovalue = macrovalue.replace('\\\n', '').strip()
+        macros[macroname] = macrovalue
+    csource = _r_define.sub('', csource)
+    #
+    if pycparser.__version__ < '2.14':
+        csource = _workaround_for_old_pycparser(csource)
+    #
+    # BIG HACK: replace WINAPI or __stdcall with "volatile const".
+    # It doesn't make sense for the return type of a function to be
+    # "volatile volatile const", so we abuse it to detect __stdcall...
+    # Hack number 2 is that "int(volatile *fptr)();" is not valid C
+    # syntax, so we place the "volatile" before the opening parenthesis.
+    csource = _r_stdcall2.sub(' volatile volatile const(', csource)
+    csource = _r_stdcall1.sub(' volatile volatile const ', csource)
+    csource = _r_cdecl.sub(' ', csource)
+    #
+    # Replace `extern "Python"` with start/end markers
+    csource = _preprocess_extern_python(csource)
+    #
+    # Now there should not be any string literal left; warn if we get one
+    _warn_for_string_literal(csource)
+    #
+    # Replace "[...]" with "[__dotdotdotarray__]"
+    csource = _r_partial_array.sub('[__dotdotdotarray__]', csource)
+    #
+    # Replace "...}" with "__dotdotdotNUM__}".  This construction should
+    # occur only at the end of enums; at the end of structs we have "...;}"
+    # and at the end of vararg functions "...);".  Also replace "=...[,}]"
+    # with ",__dotdotdotNUM__[,}]": this occurs in the enums too, when
+    # giving an unknown value.
+    matches = list(_r_partial_enum.finditer(csource))
+    for number, match in enumerate(reversed(matches)):
+        p = match.start()
+        if csource[p] == '=':
+            p2 = csource.find('...', p, match.end())
+            assert p2 > p
+            csource = '%s,__dotdotdot%d__ %s' % (csource[:p], number,
+                                                 csource[p2+3:])
+        else:
+            assert csource[p:p+3] == '...'
+            csource = '%s __dotdotdot%d__ %s' % (csource[:p], number,
+                                                 csource[p+3:])
+    # Replace "int ..." or "unsigned long int..." with "__dotdotdotint__"
+    csource = _r_int_dotdotdot.sub(' __dotdotdotint__ ', csource)
+    # Replace "float ..." or "double..." with "__dotdotdotfloat__"
+    csource = _r_float_dotdotdot.sub(' __dotdotdotfloat__ ', csource)
+    # Replace all remaining "..." with the same name, "__dotdotdot__",
+    # which is declared with a typedef for the purpose of C parsing.
+    csource = csource.replace('...', ' __dotdotdot__ ')
+    # Finally, put back the line directives
+    csource = _put_back_line_directives(csource, line_directives)
+    return csource, macros
+
+def _common_type_names(csource):
+    # Look in the source for what looks like usages of types from the
+    # list of common types.  A "usage" is approximated here as the
+    # appearance of the word, minus a "definition" of the type, which
+    # is the last word in a "typedef" statement.  Approximative only
+    # but should be fine for all the common types.
+    look_for_words = set(COMMON_TYPES)
+    look_for_words.add(';')
+    look_for_words.add(',')
+    look_for_words.add('(')
+    look_for_words.add(')')
+    look_for_words.add('typedef')
+    words_used = set()
+    is_typedef = False
+    paren = 0
+    previous_word = ''
+    for word in _r_words.findall(csource):
+        if word in look_for_words:
+            if word == ';':
+                if is_typedef:
+                    words_used.discard(previous_word)
+                    look_for_words.discard(previous_word)
+                    is_typedef = False
+            elif word == 'typedef':
+                is_typedef = True
+                paren = 0
+            elif word == '(':
+                paren += 1
+            elif word == ')':
+                paren -= 1
+            elif word == ',':
+                if is_typedef and paren == 0:
+                    words_used.discard(previous_word)
+                    look_for_words.discard(previous_word)
+            else:   # word in COMMON_TYPES
+                words_used.add(word)
+        previous_word = word
+    return words_used
+
+
+class Parser(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._declarations = {}
+        self._included_declarations = set()
+        self._anonymous_counter = 0
+        self._structnode2type = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
+        self._options = {}
+        self._int_constants = {}
+        self._recomplete = []
+        self._uses_new_feature = None
+
+    def _parse(self, csource):
+        csource, macros = _preprocess(csource)
+        # XXX: for more efficiency we would need to poke into the
+        # internals of CParser...  the following registers the
+        # typedefs, because their presence or absence influences the
+        # parsing itself (but what they are typedef'ed to plays no role)
+        ctn = _common_type_names(csource)
+        typenames = []
+        for name in sorted(self._declarations):
+            if name.startswith('typedef '):
+                name = name[8:]
+                typenames.append(name)
+                ctn.discard(name)
+        typenames += sorted(ctn)
+        #
+        csourcelines = []
+        csourcelines.append('# 1 "<cdef automatic initialization code>"')
+        for typename in typenames:
+            csourcelines.append('typedef int %s;' % typename)
+        csourcelines.append('typedef int __dotdotdotint__, __dotdotdotfloat__,'
+                            ' __dotdotdot__;')
+        # this forces pycparser to consider the following in the file
+        # called <cdef source string> from line 1
+        csourcelines.append('# 1 "%s"' % (CDEF_SOURCE_STRING,))
+        csourcelines.append(csource)
+        csourcelines.append('')   # see test_missing_newline_bug
+        fullcsource = '\n'.join(csourcelines)
+        if lock is not None:
+            lock.acquire()     # pycparser is not thread-safe...
+        try:
+            ast = _get_parser().parse(fullcsource)
+        except pycparser.c_parser.ParseError as e:
+            self.convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
+        finally:
+            if lock is not None:
+                lock.release()
+        # csource will be used to find buggy source text
+        return ast, macros, csource
+
+    def _convert_pycparser_error(self, e, csource):
+        # xxx look for "<cdef source string>:NUM:" at the start of str(e)
+        # and interpret that as a line number.  This will not work if
+        # the user gives explicit ``# NUM "FILE"`` directives.
+        line = None
+        msg = str(e)
+        match = re.match(r"%s:(\d+):" % (CDEF_SOURCE_STRING,), msg)
+        if match:
+            linenum = int(match.group(1), 10)
+            csourcelines = csource.splitlines()
+            if 1 <= linenum <= len(csourcelines):
+                line = csourcelines[linenum-1]
+        return line
+
+    def convert_pycparser_error(self, e, csource):
+        line = self._convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
+
+        msg = str(e)
+        if line:
+            msg = 'cannot parse "%s"\n%s' % (line.strip(), msg)
+        else:
+            msg = 'parse error\n%s' % (msg,)
+        raise CDefError(msg)
+
+    def parse(self, csource, override=False, packed=False, pack=None,
+                    dllexport=False):
+        if packed:
+            if packed != True:
+                raise ValueError("'packed' should be False or True; use "
+                                 "'pack' to give another value")
+            if pack:
+                raise ValueError("cannot give both 'pack' and 'packed'")
+            pack = 1
+        elif pack:
+            if pack & (pack - 1):
+                raise ValueError("'pack' must be a power of two, not %r" %
+                    (pack,))
+        else:
+            pack = 0
+        prev_options = self._options
+        try:
+            self._options = {'override': override,
+                             'packed': pack,
+                             'dllexport': dllexport}
+            self._internal_parse(csource)
+        finally:
+            self._options = prev_options
+
+    def _internal_parse(self, csource):
+        ast, macros, csource = self._parse(csource)
+        # add the macros
+        self._process_macros(macros)
+        # find the first "__dotdotdot__" and use that as a separator
+        # between the repeated typedefs and the real csource
+        iterator = iter(ast.ext)
+        for decl in iterator:
+            if decl.name == '__dotdotdot__':
+                break
+        else:
+            assert 0
+        current_decl = None
+        #
+        try:
+            self._inside_extern_python = '__cffi_extern_python_stop'
+            for decl in iterator:
+                current_decl = decl
+                if isinstance(decl, pycparser.c_ast.Decl):
+                    self._parse_decl(decl)
+                elif isinstance(decl, pycparser.c_ast.Typedef):
+                    if not decl.name:
+                        raise CDefError("typedef does not declare any name",
+                                        decl)
+                    quals = 0
+                    if (isinstance(decl.type.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
+                            decl.type.type.names[-1].startswith('__dotdotdot')):
+                        realtype = self._get_unknown_type(decl)
+                    elif (isinstance(decl.type, pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl) and
+                          isinstance(decl.type.type, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
+                          isinstance(decl.type.type.type,
+                                     pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
+                          decl.type.type.type.names[-1].startswith('__dotdotdot')):
+                        realtype = self._get_unknown_ptr_type(decl)
+                    else:
+                        realtype, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(
+                            decl.type, name=decl.name, partial_length_ok=True,
+                            typedef_example="*(%s *)0" % (decl.name,))
+                    self._declare('typedef ' + decl.name, realtype, quals=quals)
+                elif decl.__class__.__name__ == 'Pragma':
+                    # skip pragma, only in pycparser 2.15
+                    import warnings
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "#pragma in cdef() are entirely ignored. "
+                        "They should be removed for now, otherwise your "
+                        "code might behave differently in a future version "
+                        "of CFFI if #pragma support gets added. Note that "
+                        "'#pragma pack' needs to be replaced with the "
+                        "'packed' keyword argument to cdef().")
+                else:
+                    raise CDefError("unexpected <%s>: this construct is valid "
+                                    "C but not valid in cdef()" %
+                                    decl.__class__.__name__, decl)
+        except CDefError as e:
+            if len(e.args) == 1:
+                e.args = e.args + (current_decl,)
+            raise
+        except FFIError as e:
+            msg = self._convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
+            if msg:
+                e.args = (e.args[0] + "\n    *** Err: %s" % msg,)
+            raise
+
+    def _add_constants(self, key, val):
+        if key in self._int_constants:
+            if self._int_constants[key] == val:
+                return     # ignore identical double declarations
+            raise FFIError(
+                "multiple declarations of constant: %s" % (key,))
+        self._int_constants[key] = val
+
+    def _add_integer_constant(self, name, int_str):
+        int_str = int_str.lower().rstrip("ul")
+        neg = int_str.startswith('-')
+        if neg:
+            int_str = int_str[1:]
+        # "010" is not valid oct in py3
+        if (int_str.startswith("0") and int_str != '0'
+                and not int_str.startswith("0x")):
+            int_str = "0o" + int_str[1:]
+        pyvalue = int(int_str, 0)
+        if neg:
+            pyvalue = -pyvalue
+        self._add_constants(name, pyvalue)
+        self._declare('macro ' + name, pyvalue)
+
+    def _process_macros(self, macros):
+        for key, value in macros.items():
+            value = value.strip()
+            if _r_int_literal.match(value):
+                self._add_integer_constant(key, value)
+            elif value == '...':
+                self._declare('macro ' + key, value)
+            else:
+                raise CDefError(
+                    'only supports one of the following syntax:\n'
+                    '  #define %s ...     (literally dot-dot-dot)\n'
+                    '  #define %s NUMBER  (with NUMBER an integer'
+                                    ' constant, decimal/hex/octal)\n'
+                    'got:\n'
+                    '  #define %s %s'
+                    % (key, key, key, value))
+
+    def _declare_function(self, tp, quals, decl):
+        tp = self._get_type_pointer(tp, quals)
+        if self._options.get('dllexport'):
+            tag = 'dllexport_python '
+        elif self._inside_extern_python == '__cffi_extern_python_start':
+            tag = 'extern_python '
+        elif self._inside_extern_python == '__cffi_extern_python_plus_c_start':
+            tag = 'extern_python_plus_c '
+        else:
+            tag = 'function '
+        self._declare(tag + decl.name, tp)
+
+    def _parse_decl(self, decl):
+        node = decl.type
+        if isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.FuncDecl):
+            tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(node, name=decl.name)
+            assert isinstance(tp, model.RawFunctionType)
+            self._declare_function(tp, quals, decl)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
+                self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', node)
+            elif isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
+                self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', node)
+            elif isinstance(node, pycparser.c_ast.Enum):
+                self._get_struct_union_enum_type('enum', node)
+            elif not decl.name:
+                raise CDefError("construct does not declare any variable",
+                                decl)
+            #
+            if decl.name:
+                tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(node,
+                                                     partial_length_ok=True)
+                if tp.is_raw_function:
+                    self._declare_function(tp, quals, decl)
+                elif (tp.is_integer_type() and
+                        hasattr(decl, 'init') and
+                        hasattr(decl.init, 'value') and
+                        _r_int_literal.match(decl.init.value)):
+                    self._add_integer_constant(decl.name, decl.init.value)
+                elif (tp.is_integer_type() and
+                        isinstance(decl.init, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
+                        decl.init.op == '-' and
+                        hasattr(decl.init.expr, 'value') and
+                        _r_int_literal.match(decl.init.expr.value)):
+                    self._add_integer_constant(decl.name,
+                                               '-' + decl.init.expr.value)
+                elif (tp is model.void_type and
+                      decl.name.startswith('__cffi_extern_python_')):
+                    # hack: `extern "Python"` in the C source is replaced
+                    # with "void __cffi_extern_python_start;" and
+                    # "void __cffi_extern_python_stop;"
+                    self._inside_extern_python = decl.name
+                else:
+                    if self._inside_extern_python !='__cffi_extern_python_stop':
+                        raise CDefError(
+                            "cannot declare constants or "
+                            "variables with 'extern \"Python\"'")
+                    if (quals & model.Q_CONST) and not tp.is_array_type:
+                        self._declare('constant ' + decl.name, tp, quals=quals)
+                    else:
+                        _warn_for_non_extern_non_static_global_variable(decl)
+                        self._declare('variable ' + decl.name, tp, quals=quals)
+
+    def parse_type(self, cdecl):
+        return self.parse_type_and_quals(cdecl)[0]
+
+    def parse_type_and_quals(self, cdecl):
+        ast, macros = self._parse('void __dummy(\n%s\n);' % cdecl)[:2]
+        assert not macros
+        exprnode = ast.ext[-1].type.args.params[0]
+        if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID):
+            raise CDefError("unknown identifier '%s'" % (exprnode.name,))
+        return self._get_type_and_quals(exprnode.type)
+
+    def _declare(self, name, obj, included=False, quals=0):
+        if name in self._declarations:
+            prevobj, prevquals = self._declarations[name]
+            if prevobj is obj and prevquals == quals:
+                return
+            if not self._options.get('override'):
+                raise FFIError(
+                    "multiple declarations of %s (for interactive usage, "
+                    "try cdef(xx, override=True))" % (name,))
+        assert '__dotdotdot__' not in name.split()
+        self._declarations[name] = (obj, quals)
+        if included:
+            self._included_declarations.add(obj)
+
+    def _extract_quals(self, type):
+        quals = 0
+        if isinstance(type, (pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl,
+                             pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl)):
+            if 'const' in type.quals:
+                quals |= model.Q_CONST
+            if 'volatile' in type.quals:
+                quals |= model.Q_VOLATILE
+            if 'restrict' in type.quals:
+                quals |= model.Q_RESTRICT
+        return quals
+
+    def _get_type_pointer(self, type, quals, declname=None):
+        if isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType):
+            return type.as_function_pointer()
+        if (isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnionOrEnum) and
+                type.name.startswith('$') and type.name[1:].isdigit() and
+                type.forcename is None and declname is not None):
+            return model.NamedPointerType(type, declname, quals)
+        return model.PointerType(type, quals)
+
+    def _get_type_and_quals(self, typenode, name=None, partial_length_ok=False,
+                            typedef_example=None):
+        # first, dereference typedefs, if we have it already parsed, we're good
+        if (isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
+            isinstance(typenode.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
+            len(typenode.type.names) == 1 and
+            ('typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]) in self._declarations):
+            tp, quals = self._declarations['typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]]
+            quals |= self._extract_quals(typenode)
+            return tp, quals
+        #
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.ArrayDecl):
+            # array type
+            if typenode.dim is None:
+                length = None
+            else:
+                length = self._parse_constant(
+                    typenode.dim, partial_length_ok=partial_length_ok)
+            # a hack: in 'typedef int foo_t[...][...];', don't use '...' as
+            # the length but use directly the C expression that would be
+            # generated by recompiler.py.  This lets the typedef be used in
+            # many more places within recompiler.py
+            if typedef_example is not None:
+                if length == '...':
+                    length = '_cffi_array_len(%s)' % (typedef_example,)
+                typedef_example = "*" + typedef_example
+            #
+            tp, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type,
+                                partial_length_ok=partial_length_ok,
+                                typedef_example=typedef_example)
+            return model.ArrayType(tp, length), quals
+        #
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl):
+            # pointer type
+            itemtype, itemquals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type)
+            tp = self._get_type_pointer(itemtype, itemquals, declname=name)
+            quals = self._extract_quals(typenode)
+            return tp, quals
+        #
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl):
+            quals = self._extract_quals(typenode)
+            type = typenode.type
+            if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType):
+                # assume a primitive type.  get it from .names, but reduce
+                # synonyms to a single chosen combination
+                names = list(type.names)
+                if names != ['signed', 'char']:    # keep this unmodified
+                    prefixes = {}
+                    while names:
+                        name = names[0]
+                        if name in ('short', 'long', 'signed', 'unsigned'):
+                            prefixes[name] = prefixes.get(name, 0) + 1
+                            del names[0]
+                        else:
+                            break
+                    # ignore the 'signed' prefix below, and reorder the others
+                    newnames = []
+                    for prefix in ('unsigned', 'short', 'long'):
+                        for i in range(prefixes.get(prefix, 0)):
+                            newnames.append(prefix)
+                    if not names:
+                        names = ['int']    # implicitly
+                    if names == ['int']:   # but kill it if 'short' or 'long'
+                        if 'short' in prefixes or 'long' in prefixes:
+                            names = []
+                    names = newnames + names
+                ident = ' '.join(names)
+                if ident == 'void':
+                    return model.void_type, quals
+                if ident == '__dotdotdot__':
+                    raise FFIError(':%d: bad usage of "..."' %
+                            typenode.coord.line)
+                tp0, quals0 = resolve_common_type(self, ident)
+                return tp0, (quals | quals0)
+            #
+            if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
+                # 'struct foobar'
+                tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', type, name)
+                return tp, quals
+            #
+            if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
+                # 'union foobar'
+                tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', type, name)
+                return tp, quals
+            #
+            if isinstance(type, pycparser.c_ast.Enum):
+                # 'enum foobar'
+                tp = self._get_struct_union_enum_type('enum', type, name)
+                return tp, quals
+        #
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.FuncDecl):
+            # a function type
+            return self._parse_function_type(typenode, name), 0
+        #
+        # nested anonymous structs or unions end up here
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
+            return self._get_struct_union_enum_type('struct', typenode, name,
+                                                    nested=True), 0
+        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.Union):
+            return self._get_struct_union_enum_type('union', typenode, name,
+                                                    nested=True), 0
+        #
+        raise FFIError(":%d: bad or unsupported type declaration" %
+                typenode.coord.line)
+
+    def _parse_function_type(self, typenode, funcname=None):
+        params = list(getattr(typenode.args, 'params', []))
+        for i, arg in enumerate(params):
+            if not hasattr(arg, 'type'):
+                raise CDefError("%s arg %d: unknown type '%s'"
+                    " (if you meant to use the old C syntax of giving"
+                    " untyped arguments, it is not supported)"
+                    % (funcname or 'in expression', i + 1,
+                       getattr(arg, 'name', '?')))
+        ellipsis = (
+            len(params) > 0 and
+            isinstance(params[-1].type, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
+            isinstance(params[-1].type.type,
+                       pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
+            params[-1].type.type.names == ['__dotdotdot__'])
+        if ellipsis:
+            params.pop()
+            if not params:
+                raise CDefError(
+                    "%s: a function with only '(...)' as argument"
+                    " is not correct C" % (funcname or 'in expression'))
+        args = [self._as_func_arg(*self._get_type_and_quals(argdeclnode.type))
+                for argdeclnode in params]
+        if not ellipsis and args == [model.void_type]:
+            args = []
+        result, quals = self._get_type_and_quals(typenode.type)
+        # the 'quals' on the result type are ignored.  HACK: we absure them
+        # to detect __stdcall functions: we textually replace "__stdcall"
+        # with "volatile volatile const" above.
+        abi = None
+        if hasattr(typenode.type, 'quals'): # else, probable syntax error anyway
+            if typenode.type.quals[-3:] == ['volatile', 'volatile', 'const']:
+                abi = '__stdcall'
+        return model.RawFunctionType(tuple(args), result, ellipsis, abi)
+
+    def _as_func_arg(self, type, quals):
+        if isinstance(type, model.ArrayType):
+            return model.PointerType(type.item, quals)
+        elif isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType):
+            return type.as_function_pointer()
+        else:
+            return type
+
+    def _get_struct_union_enum_type(self, kind, type, name=None, nested=False):
+        # First, a level of caching on the exact 'type' node of the AST.
+        # This is obscure, but needed because pycparser "unrolls" declarations
+        # such as "typedef struct { } foo_t, *foo_p" and we end up with
+        # an AST that is not a tree, but a DAG, with the "type" node of the
+        # two branches foo_t and foo_p of the trees being the same node.
+        # It's a bit silly but detecting "DAG-ness" in the AST tree seems
+        # to be the only way to distinguish this case from two independent
+        # structs.  See test_struct_with_two_usages.
+        try:
+            return self._structnode2type[type]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        #
+        # Note that this must handle parsing "struct foo" any number of
+        # times and always return the same StructType object.  Additionally,
+        # one of these times (not necessarily the first), the fields of
+        # the struct can be specified with "struct foo { ...fields... }".
+        # If no name is given, then we have to create a new anonymous struct
+        # with no caching; in this case, the fields are either specified
+        # right now or never.
+        #
+        force_name = name
+        name = type.name
+        #
+        # get the type or create it if needed
+        if name is None:
+            # 'force_name' is used to guess a more readable name for
+            # anonymous structs, for the common case "typedef struct { } foo".
+            if force_name is not None:
+                explicit_name = '$%s' % force_name
+            else:
+                self._anonymous_counter += 1
+                explicit_name = '$%d' % self._anonymous_counter
+            tp = None
+        else:
+            explicit_name = name
+            key = '%s %s' % (kind, name)
+            tp, _ = self._declarations.get(key, (None, None))
+        #
+        if tp is None:
+            if kind == 'struct':
+                tp = model.StructType(explicit_name, None, None, None)
+            elif kind == 'union':
+                tp = model.UnionType(explicit_name, None, None, None)
+            elif kind == 'enum':
+                if explicit_name == '__dotdotdot__':
+                    raise CDefError("Enums cannot be declared with ...")
+                tp = self._build_enum_type(explicit_name, type.values)
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("kind = %r" % (kind,))
+            if name is not None:
+                self._declare(key, tp)
+        else:
+            if kind == 'enum' and type.values is not None:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "enum %s: the '{}' declaration should appear on the first "
+                    "time the enum is mentioned, not later" % explicit_name)
+        if not tp.forcename:
+            tp.force_the_name(force_name)
+        if tp.forcename and '$' in tp.name:
+            self._declare('anonymous %s' % tp.forcename, tp)
+        #
+        self._structnode2type[type] = tp
+        #
+        # enums: done here
+        if kind == 'enum':
+            return tp
+        #
+        # is there a 'type.decls'?  If yes, then this is the place in the
+        # C sources that declare the fields.  If no, then just return the
+        # existing type, possibly still incomplete.
+        if type.decls is None:
+            return tp
+        #
+        if tp.fldnames is not None:
+            raise CDefError("duplicate declaration of struct %s" % name)
+        fldnames = []
+        fldtypes = []
+        fldbitsize = []
+        fldquals = []
+        for decl in type.decls:
+            if (isinstance(decl.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
+                    ''.join(decl.type.names) == '__dotdotdot__'):
+                # XXX pycparser is inconsistent: 'names' should be a list
+                # of strings, but is sometimes just one string.  Use
+                # str.join() as a way to cope with both.
+                self._make_partial(tp, nested)
+                continue
+            if decl.bitsize is None:
+                bitsize = -1
+            else:
+                bitsize = self._parse_constant(decl.bitsize)
+            self._partial_length = False
+            type, fqual = self._get_type_and_quals(decl.type,
+                                                   partial_length_ok=True)
+            if self._partial_length:
+                self._make_partial(tp, nested)
+            if isinstance(type, model.StructType) and type.partial:
+                self._make_partial(tp, nested)
+            fldnames.append(decl.name or '')
+            fldtypes.append(type)
+            fldbitsize.append(bitsize)
+            fldquals.append(fqual)
+        tp.fldnames = tuple(fldnames)
+        tp.fldtypes = tuple(fldtypes)
+        tp.fldbitsize = tuple(fldbitsize)
+        tp.fldquals = tuple(fldquals)
+        if fldbitsize != [-1] * len(fldbitsize):
+            if isinstance(tp, model.StructType) and tp.partial:
+                raise NotImplementedError("%s: using both bitfields and '...;'"
+                                          % (tp,))
+        tp.packed = self._options.get('packed')
+        if tp.completed:    # must be re-completed: it is not opaque any more
+            tp.completed = 0
+            self._recomplete.append(tp)
+        return tp
+
+    def _make_partial(self, tp, nested):
+        if not isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+            raise CDefError("%s cannot be partial" % (tp,))
+        if not tp.has_c_name() and not nested:
+            raise NotImplementedError("%s is partial but has no C name" %(tp,))
+        tp.partial = True
+
+    def _parse_constant(self, exprnode, partial_length_ok=False):
+        # for now, limited to expressions that are an immediate number
+        # or positive/negative number
+        if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.Constant):
+            s = exprnode.value
+            if '0' <= s[0] <= '9':
+                s = s.rstrip('uUlL')
+                try:
+                    if s.startswith('0'):
+                        return int(s, 8)
+                    else:
+                        return int(s, 10)
+                except ValueError:
+                    if len(s) > 1:
+                        if s.lower()[0:2] == '0x':
+                            return int(s, 16)
+                        elif s.lower()[0:2] == '0b':
+                            return int(s, 2)
+                raise CDefError("invalid constant %r" % (s,))
+            elif s[0] == "'" and s[-1] == "'" and (
+                    len(s) == 3 or (len(s) == 4 and s[1] == "\\")):
+                return ord(s[-2])
+            else:
+                raise CDefError("invalid constant %r" % (s,))
+        #
+        if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
+                exprnode.op == '+'):
+            return self._parse_constant(exprnode.expr)
+        #
+        if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.UnaryOp) and
+                exprnode.op == '-'):
+            return -self._parse_constant(exprnode.expr)
+        # load previously defined int constant
+        if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID) and
+                exprnode.name in self._int_constants):
+            return self._int_constants[exprnode.name]
+        #
+        if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID) and
+                    exprnode.name == '__dotdotdotarray__'):
+            if partial_length_ok:
+                self._partial_length = True
+                return '...'
+            raise FFIError(":%d: unsupported '[...]' here, cannot derive "
+                           "the actual array length in this context"
+                           % exprnode.coord.line)
+        #
+        if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.BinaryOp):
+            left = self._parse_constant(exprnode.left)
+            right = self._parse_constant(exprnode.right)
+            if exprnode.op == '+':
+                return left + right
+            elif exprnode.op == '-':
+                return left - right
+            elif exprnode.op == '*':
+                return left * right
+            elif exprnode.op == '/':
+                return self._c_div(left, right)
+            elif exprnode.op == '%':
+                return left - self._c_div(left, right) * right
+            elif exprnode.op == '<<':
+                return left << right
+            elif exprnode.op == '>>':
+                return left >> right
+            elif exprnode.op == '&':
+                return left & right
+            elif exprnode.op == '|':
+                return left | right
+            elif exprnode.op == '^':
+                return left ^ right
+        #
+        raise FFIError(":%d: unsupported expression: expected a "
+                       "simple numeric constant" % exprnode.coord.line)
+
+    def _c_div(self, a, b):
+        result = a // b
+        if ((a < 0) ^ (b < 0)) and (a % b) != 0:
+            result += 1
+        return result
+
+    def _build_enum_type(self, explicit_name, decls):
+        if decls is not None:
+            partial = False
+            enumerators = []
+            enumvalues = []
+            nextenumvalue = 0
+            for enum in decls.enumerators:
+                if _r_enum_dotdotdot.match(enum.name):
+                    partial = True
+                    continue
+                if enum.value is not None:
+                    nextenumvalue = self._parse_constant(enum.value)
+                enumerators.append(enum.name)
+                enumvalues.append(nextenumvalue)
+                self._add_constants(enum.name, nextenumvalue)
+                nextenumvalue += 1
+            enumerators = tuple(enumerators)
+            enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
+            tp = model.EnumType(explicit_name, enumerators, enumvalues)
+            tp.partial = partial
+        else:   # opaque enum
+            tp = model.EnumType(explicit_name, (), ())
+        return tp
+
+    def include(self, other):
+        for name, (tp, quals) in other._declarations.items():
+            if name.startswith('anonymous $enum_$'):
+                continue   # fix for test_anonymous_enum_include
+            kind = name.split(' ', 1)[0]
+            if kind in ('struct', 'union', 'enum', 'anonymous', 'typedef'):
+                self._declare(name, tp, included=True, quals=quals)
+        for k, v in other._int_constants.items():
+            self._add_constants(k, v)
+
+    def _get_unknown_type(self, decl):
+        typenames = decl.type.type.names
+        if typenames == ['__dotdotdot__']:
+            return model.unknown_type(decl.name)
+
+        if typenames == ['__dotdotdotint__']:
+            if self._uses_new_feature is None:
+                self._uses_new_feature = "'typedef int... %s'" % decl.name
+            return model.UnknownIntegerType(decl.name)
+
+        if typenames == ['__dotdotdotfloat__']:
+            # note: not for 'long double' so far
+            if self._uses_new_feature is None:
+                self._uses_new_feature = "'typedef float... %s'" % decl.name
+            return model.UnknownFloatType(decl.name)
+
+        raise FFIError(':%d: unsupported usage of "..." in typedef'
+                       % decl.coord.line)
+
+    def _get_unknown_ptr_type(self, decl):
+        if decl.type.type.type.names == ['__dotdotdot__']:
+            return model.unknown_ptr_type(decl.name)
+        raise FFIError(':%d: unsupported usage of "..." in typedef'
+                       % decl.coord.line)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/error.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a27247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+class FFIError(Exception):
+    __module__ = 'cffi'
+
+class CDefError(Exception):
+    __module__ = 'cffi'
+    def __str__(self):
+        try:
+            current_decl = self.args[1]
+            filename = current_decl.coord.file
+            linenum = current_decl.coord.line
+            prefix = '%s:%d: ' % (filename, linenum)
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
+            prefix = ''
+        return '%s%s' % (prefix, self.args[0])
+
+class VerificationError(Exception):
+    """ An error raised when verification fails
+    """
+    __module__ = 'cffi'
+
+class VerificationMissing(Exception):
+    """ An error raised when incomplete structures are passed into
+    cdef, but no verification has been done
+    """
+    __module__ = 'cffi'
+
+class PkgConfigError(Exception):
+    """ An error raised for missing modules in pkg-config
+    """
+    __module__ = 'cffi'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/ffiplatform.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/ffiplatform.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adca28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/ffiplatform.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import sys, os
+from .error import VerificationError
+
+
+LIST_OF_FILE_NAMES = ['sources', 'include_dirs', 'library_dirs',
+                      'extra_objects', 'depends']
+
+def get_extension(srcfilename, modname, sources=(), **kwds):
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import Extension
+    allsources = [srcfilename]
+    for src in sources:
+        allsources.append(os.path.normpath(src))
+    return Extension(name=modname, sources=allsources, **kwds)
+
+def compile(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose=0, debug=None):
+    """Compile a C extension module using distutils."""
+
+    saved_environ = os.environ.copy()
+    try:
+        outputfilename = _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose, debug)
+        outputfilename = os.path.abspath(outputfilename)
+    finally:
+        # workaround for a distutils bugs where some env vars can
+        # become longer and longer every time it is used
+        for key, value in saved_environ.items():
+            if os.environ.get(key) != value:
+                os.environ[key] = value
+    return outputfilename
+
+def _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose=0, debug=None):
+    # XXX compact but horrible :-(
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import Distribution, CompileError, LinkError, set_threshold, set_verbosity
+
+    dist = Distribution({'ext_modules': [ext]})
+    dist.parse_config_files()
+    options = dist.get_option_dict('build_ext')
+    if debug is None:
+        debug = sys.flags.debug
+    options['debug'] = ('ffiplatform', debug)
+    options['force'] = ('ffiplatform', True)
+    options['build_lib'] = ('ffiplatform', tmpdir)
+    options['build_temp'] = ('ffiplatform', tmpdir)
+    #
+    try:
+        old_level = set_threshold(0) or 0
+        try:
+            set_verbosity(compiler_verbose)
+            dist.run_command('build_ext')
+            cmd_obj = dist.get_command_obj('build_ext')
+            [soname] = cmd_obj.get_outputs()
+        finally:
+            set_threshold(old_level)
+    except (CompileError, LinkError) as e:
+        raise VerificationError('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
+    #
+    return soname
+
+try:
+    from os.path import samefile
+except ImportError:
+    def samefile(f1, f2):
+        return os.path.abspath(f1) == os.path.abspath(f2)
+
+def maybe_relative_path(path):
+    if not os.path.isabs(path):
+        return path      # already relative
+    dir = path
+    names = []
+    while True:
+        prevdir = dir
+        dir, name = os.path.split(prevdir)
+        if dir == prevdir or not dir:
+            return path     # failed to make it relative
+        names.append(name)
+        try:
+            if samefile(dir, os.curdir):
+                names.reverse()
+                return os.path.join(*names)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+
+try:
+    int_or_long = (int, long)
+    import cStringIO
+except NameError:
+    int_or_long = int      # Python 3
+    import io as cStringIO
+
+def _flatten(x, f):
+    if isinstance(x, str):
+        f.write('%ds%s' % (len(x), x))
+    elif isinstance(x, dict):
+        keys = sorted(x.keys())
+        f.write('%dd' % len(keys))
+        for key in keys:
+            _flatten(key, f)
+            _flatten(x[key], f)
+    elif isinstance(x, (list, tuple)):
+        f.write('%dl' % len(x))
+        for value in x:
+            _flatten(value, f)
+    elif isinstance(x, int_or_long):
+        f.write('%di' % (x,))
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "the keywords to verify() contains unsupported object %r" % (x,))
+
+def flatten(x):
+    f = cStringIO.StringIO()
+    _flatten(x, f)
+    return f.getvalue()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/lock.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/lock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db91b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/lock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    try:
+        from thread import allocate_lock
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import allocate_lock
+else:
+    try:
+        from _thread import allocate_lock
+    except ImportError:
+        from _dummy_thread import allocate_lock
+
+
+##import sys
+##l1 = allocate_lock
+
+##class allocate_lock(object):
+##    def __init__(self):
+##        self._real = l1()
+##    def __enter__(self):
+##        for i in range(4, 0, -1):
+##            print sys._getframe(i).f_code
+##        print
+##        return self._real.__enter__()
+##    def __exit__(self, *args):
+##        return self._real.__exit__(*args)
+##    def acquire(self, f):
+##        assert f is False
+##        return self._real.acquire(f)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/model.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5f4cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+import types
+import weakref
+
+from .lock import allocate_lock
+from .error import CDefError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
+
+# type qualifiers
+Q_CONST    = 0x01
+Q_RESTRICT = 0x02
+Q_VOLATILE = 0x04
+
+def qualify(quals, replace_with):
+    if quals & Q_CONST:
+        replace_with = ' const ' + replace_with.lstrip()
+    if quals & Q_VOLATILE:
+        replace_with = ' volatile ' + replace_with.lstrip()
+    if quals & Q_RESTRICT:
+        # It seems that __restrict is supported by gcc and msvc.
+        # If you hit some different compiler, add a #define in
+        # _cffi_include.h for it (and in its copies, documented there)
+        replace_with = ' __restrict ' + replace_with.lstrip()
+    return replace_with
+
+
+class BaseTypeByIdentity(object):
+    is_array_type = False
+    is_raw_function = False
+
+    def get_c_name(self, replace_with='', context='a C file', quals=0):
+        result = self.c_name_with_marker
+        assert result.count('&') == 1
+        # some logic duplication with ffi.getctype()... :-(
+        replace_with = replace_with.strip()
+        if replace_with:
+            if replace_with.startswith('*') and '&[' in result:
+                replace_with = '(%s)' % replace_with
+            elif not replace_with[0] in '[(':
+                replace_with = ' ' + replace_with
+        replace_with = qualify(quals, replace_with)
+        result = result.replace('&', replace_with)
+        if '$' in result:
+            raise VerificationError(
+                "cannot generate '%s' in %s: unknown type name"
+                % (self._get_c_name(), context))
+        return result
+
+    def _get_c_name(self):
+        return self.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', '')
+
+    def has_c_name(self):
+        return '$' not in self._get_c_name()
+
+    def is_integer_type(self):
+        return False
+
+    def get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist, can_delay=False):
+        try:
+            BType = ffi._cached_btypes[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            BType = self.build_backend_type(ffi, finishlist)
+            BType2 = ffi._cached_btypes.setdefault(self, BType)
+            assert BType2 is BType
+        return BType
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s>' % (self._get_c_name(),)
+
+    def _get_items(self):
+        return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in self._attrs_]
+
+
+class BaseType(BaseTypeByIdentity):
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (self.__class__ == other.__class__ and
+                self._get_items() == other._get_items())
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.__class__, tuple(self._get_items())))
+
+
+class VoidType(BaseType):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.c_name_with_marker = 'void&'
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_void_type')
+
+void_type = VoidType()
+
+
+class BasePrimitiveType(BaseType):
+    def is_complex_type(self):
+        return False
+
+
+class PrimitiveType(BasePrimitiveType):
+    _attrs_ = ('name',)
+
+    ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = {
+        'char':               'c',
+        'short':              'i',
+        'int':                'i',
+        'long':               'i',
+        'long long':          'i',
+        'signed char':        'i',
+        'unsigned char':      'i',
+        'unsigned short':     'i',
+        'unsigned int':       'i',
+        'unsigned long':      'i',
+        'unsigned long long': 'i',
+        'float':              'f',
+        'double':             'f',
+        'long double':        'f',
+        '_cffi_float_complex_t': 'j',
+        '_cffi_double_complex_t': 'j',
+        '_Bool':              'i',
+        # the following types are not primitive in the C sense
+        'wchar_t':            'c',
+        'char16_t':           'c',
+        'char32_t':           'c',
+        'int8_t':             'i',
+        'uint8_t':            'i',
+        'int16_t':            'i',
+        'uint16_t':           'i',
+        'int32_t':            'i',
+        'uint32_t':           'i',
+        'int64_t':            'i',
+        'uint64_t':           'i',
+        'int_least8_t':       'i',
+        'uint_least8_t':      'i',
+        'int_least16_t':      'i',
+        'uint_least16_t':     'i',
+        'int_least32_t':      'i',
+        'uint_least32_t':     'i',
+        'int_least64_t':      'i',
+        'uint_least64_t':     'i',
+        'int_fast8_t':        'i',
+        'uint_fast8_t':       'i',
+        'int_fast16_t':       'i',
+        'uint_fast16_t':      'i',
+        'int_fast32_t':       'i',
+        'uint_fast32_t':      'i',
+        'int_fast64_t':       'i',
+        'uint_fast64_t':      'i',
+        'intptr_t':           'i',
+        'uintptr_t':          'i',
+        'intmax_t':           'i',
+        'uintmax_t':          'i',
+        'ptrdiff_t':          'i',
+        'size_t':             'i',
+        'ssize_t':            'i',
+        }
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        assert name in self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES
+        self.name = name
+        self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
+
+    def is_char_type(self):
+        return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'c'
+    def is_integer_type(self):
+        return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'i'
+    def is_float_type(self):
+        return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'f'
+    def is_complex_type(self):
+        return self.ALL_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[self.name] == 'j'
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_primitive_type', self.name)
+
+
+class UnknownIntegerType(BasePrimitiveType):
+    _attrs_ = ('name',)
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
+
+    def is_integer_type(self):
+        return True
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        raise NotImplementedError("integer type '%s' can only be used after "
+                                  "compilation" % self.name)
+
+class UnknownFloatType(BasePrimitiveType):
+    _attrs_ = ('name', )
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        raise NotImplementedError("float type '%s' can only be used after "
+                                  "compilation" % self.name)
+
+
+class BaseFunctionType(BaseType):
+    _attrs_ = ('args', 'result', 'ellipsis', 'abi')
+
+    def __init__(self, args, result, ellipsis, abi=None):
+        self.args = args
+        self.result = result
+        self.ellipsis = ellipsis
+        self.abi = abi
+        #
+        reprargs = [arg._get_c_name() for arg in self.args]
+        if self.ellipsis:
+            reprargs.append('...')
+        reprargs = reprargs or ['void']
+        replace_with = self._base_pattern % (', '.join(reprargs),)
+        if abi is not None:
+            replace_with = replace_with[:1] + abi + ' ' + replace_with[1:]
+        self.c_name_with_marker = (
+            self.result.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', replace_with))
+
+
+class RawFunctionType(BaseFunctionType):
+    # Corresponds to a C type like 'int(int)', which is the C type of
+    # a function, but not a pointer-to-function.  The backend has no
+    # notion of such a type; it's used temporarily by parsing.
+    _base_pattern = '(&)(%s)'
+    is_raw_function = True
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        raise CDefError("cannot render the type %r: it is a function "
+                        "type, not a pointer-to-function type" % (self,))
+
+    def as_function_pointer(self):
+        return FunctionPtrType(self.args, self.result, self.ellipsis, self.abi)
+
+
+class FunctionPtrType(BaseFunctionType):
+    _base_pattern = '(*&)(%s)'
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        result = self.result.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+        args = []
+        for tp in self.args:
+            args.append(tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist))
+        abi_args = ()
+        if self.abi == "__stdcall":
+            if not self.ellipsis:    # __stdcall ignored for variadic funcs
+                try:
+                    abi_args = (ffi._backend.FFI_STDCALL,)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_function_type',
+                            tuple(args), result, self.ellipsis, *abi_args)
+
+    def as_raw_function(self):
+        return RawFunctionType(self.args, self.result, self.ellipsis, self.abi)
+
+
+class PointerType(BaseType):
+    _attrs_ = ('totype', 'quals')
+
+    def __init__(self, totype, quals=0):
+        self.totype = totype
+        self.quals = quals
+        extra = " *&"
+        if totype.is_array_type:
+            extra = "(%s)" % (extra.lstrip(),)
+        extra = qualify(quals, extra)
+        self.c_name_with_marker = totype.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', extra)
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        BItem = self.totype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist, can_delay=True)
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_pointer_type', BItem)
+
+voidp_type = PointerType(void_type)
+
+def ConstPointerType(totype):
+    return PointerType(totype, Q_CONST)
+
+const_voidp_type = ConstPointerType(void_type)
+
+
+class NamedPointerType(PointerType):
+    _attrs_ = ('totype', 'name')
+
+    def __init__(self, totype, name, quals=0):
+        PointerType.__init__(self, totype, quals)
+        self.name = name
+        self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
+
+
+class ArrayType(BaseType):
+    _attrs_ = ('item', 'length')
+    is_array_type = True
+
+    def __init__(self, item, length):
+        self.item = item
+        self.length = length
+        #
+        if length is None:
+            brackets = '&[]'
+        elif length == '...':
+            brackets = '&[/*...*/]'
+        else:
+            brackets = '&[%s]' % length
+        self.c_name_with_marker = (
+            self.item.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', brackets))
+
+    def length_is_unknown(self):
+        return isinstance(self.length, str)
+
+    def resolve_length(self, newlength):
+        return ArrayType(self.item, newlength)
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        if self.length_is_unknown():
+            raise CDefError("cannot render the type %r: unknown length" %
+                            (self,))
+        self.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)   # force the item BType
+        BPtrItem = PointerType(self.item).get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_array_type', BPtrItem, self.length)
+
+char_array_type = ArrayType(PrimitiveType('char'), None)
+
+
+class StructOrUnionOrEnum(BaseTypeByIdentity):
+    _attrs_ = ('name',)
+    forcename = None
+
+    def build_c_name_with_marker(self):
+        name = self.forcename or '%s %s' % (self.kind, self.name)
+        self.c_name_with_marker = name + '&'
+
+    def force_the_name(self, forcename):
+        self.forcename = forcename
+        self.build_c_name_with_marker()
+
+    def get_official_name(self):
+        assert self.c_name_with_marker.endswith('&')
+        return self.c_name_with_marker[:-1]
+
+
+class StructOrUnion(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
+    fixedlayout = None
+    completed = 0
+    partial = False
+    packed = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, name, fldnames, fldtypes, fldbitsize, fldquals=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.fldnames = fldnames
+        self.fldtypes = fldtypes
+        self.fldbitsize = fldbitsize
+        self.fldquals = fldquals
+        self.build_c_name_with_marker()
+
+    def anonymous_struct_fields(self):
+        if self.fldtypes is not None:
+            for name, type in zip(self.fldnames, self.fldtypes):
+                if name == '' and isinstance(type, StructOrUnion):
+                    yield type
+
+    def enumfields(self, expand_anonymous_struct_union=True):
+        fldquals = self.fldquals
+        if fldquals is None:
+            fldquals = (0,) * len(self.fldnames)
+        for name, type, bitsize, quals in zip(self.fldnames, self.fldtypes,
+                                              self.fldbitsize, fldquals):
+            if (name == '' and isinstance(type, StructOrUnion)
+                    and expand_anonymous_struct_union):
+                # nested anonymous struct/union
+                for result in type.enumfields():
+                    yield result
+            else:
+                yield (name, type, bitsize, quals)
+
+    def force_flatten(self):
+        # force the struct or union to have a declaration that lists
+        # directly all fields returned by enumfields(), flattening
+        # nested anonymous structs/unions.
+        names = []
+        types = []
+        bitsizes = []
+        fldquals = []
+        for name, type, bitsize, quals in self.enumfields():
+            names.append(name)
+            types.append(type)
+            bitsizes.append(bitsize)
+            fldquals.append(quals)
+        self.fldnames = tuple(names)
+        self.fldtypes = tuple(types)
+        self.fldbitsize = tuple(bitsizes)
+        self.fldquals = tuple(fldquals)
+
+    def get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist, can_delay=False):
+        BType = StructOrUnionOrEnum.get_cached_btype(self, ffi, finishlist,
+                                                     can_delay)
+        if not can_delay:
+            self.finish_backend_type(ffi, finishlist)
+        return BType
+
+    def finish_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        if self.completed:
+            if self.completed != 2:
+                raise NotImplementedError("recursive structure declaration "
+                                          "for '%s'" % (self.name,))
+            return
+        BType = ffi._cached_btypes[self]
+        #
+        self.completed = 1
+        #
+        if self.fldtypes is None:
+            pass    # not completing it: it's an opaque struct
+            #
+        elif self.fixedlayout is None:
+            fldtypes = [tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+                        for tp in self.fldtypes]
+            lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize))
+            extra_flags = ()
+            if self.packed:
+                if self.packed == 1:
+                    extra_flags = (8,)    # SF_PACKED
+                else:
+                    extra_flags = (0, self.packed)
+            ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self,
+                                                  -1, -1, *extra_flags)
+            #
+        else:
+            fldtypes = []
+            fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment = self.fixedlayout
+            for i in range(len(self.fldnames)):
+                fsize = fieldsize[i]
+                ftype = self.fldtypes[i]
+                #
+                if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length_is_unknown():
+                    # fix the length to match the total size
+                    BItemType = ftype.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+                    nlen, nrest = divmod(fsize, ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
+                    if nrest != 0:
+                        self._verification_error(
+                            "field '%s.%s' has a bogus size?" % (
+                            self.name, self.fldnames[i] or '{}'))
+                    ftype = ftype.resolve_length(nlen)
+                    self.fldtypes = (self.fldtypes[:i] + (ftype,) +
+                                     self.fldtypes[i+1:])
+                #
+                BFieldType = ftype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+                if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                    assert fsize == 0
+                else:
+                    bitemsize = ffi.sizeof(BFieldType)
+                    if bitemsize != fsize:
+                        self._verification_error(
+                            "field '%s.%s' is declared as %d bytes, but is "
+                            "really %d bytes" % (self.name,
+                                                 self.fldnames[i] or '{}',
+                                                 bitemsize, fsize))
+                fldtypes.append(BFieldType)
+            #
+            lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize, fieldofs))
+            ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self,
+                                                  totalsize, totalalignment)
+        self.completed = 2
+
+    def _verification_error(self, msg):
+        raise VerificationError(msg)
+
+    def check_not_partial(self):
+        if self.partial and self.fixedlayout is None:
+            raise VerificationMissing(self._get_c_name())
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        self.check_not_partial()
+        finishlist.append(self)
+        #
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_%s_type' % self.kind,
+                            self.get_official_name(), key=self)
+
+
+class StructType(StructOrUnion):
+    kind = 'struct'
+
+
+class UnionType(StructOrUnion):
+    kind = 'union'
+
+
+class EnumType(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
+    kind = 'enum'
+    partial = False
+    partial_resolved = False
+
+    def __init__(self, name, enumerators, enumvalues, baseinttype=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.enumerators = enumerators
+        self.enumvalues = enumvalues
+        self.baseinttype = baseinttype
+        self.build_c_name_with_marker()
+
+    def force_the_name(self, forcename):
+        StructOrUnionOrEnum.force_the_name(self, forcename)
+        if self.forcename is None:
+            name = self.get_official_name()
+            self.forcename = '$' + name.replace(' ', '_')
+
+    def check_not_partial(self):
+        if self.partial and not self.partial_resolved:
+            raise VerificationMissing(self._get_c_name())
+
+    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        self.check_not_partial()
+        base_btype = self.build_baseinttype(ffi, finishlist)
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_enum_type',
+                            self.get_official_name(),
+                            self.enumerators, self.enumvalues,
+                            base_btype, key=self)
+
+    def build_baseinttype(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        if self.baseinttype is not None:
+            return self.baseinttype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+        #
+        if self.enumvalues:
+            smallest_value = min(self.enumvalues)
+            largest_value = max(self.enumvalues)
+        else:
+            import warnings
+            try:
+                # XXX!  The goal is to ensure that the warnings.warn()
+                # will not suppress the warning.  We want to get it
+                # several times if we reach this point several times.
+                __warningregistry__.clear()
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+            warnings.warn("%r has no values explicitly defined; "
+                          "guessing that it is equivalent to 'unsigned int'"
+                          % self._get_c_name())
+            smallest_value = largest_value = 0
+        if smallest_value < 0:   # needs a signed type
+            sign = 1
+            candidate1 = PrimitiveType("int")
+            candidate2 = PrimitiveType("long")
+        else:
+            sign = 0
+            candidate1 = PrimitiveType("unsigned int")
+            candidate2 = PrimitiveType("unsigned long")
+        btype1 = candidate1.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+        btype2 = candidate2.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+        size1 = ffi.sizeof(btype1)
+        size2 = ffi.sizeof(btype2)
+        if (smallest_value >= ((-1) << (8*size1-1)) and
+            largest_value < (1 << (8*size1-sign))):
+            return btype1
+        if (smallest_value >= ((-1) << (8*size2-1)) and
+            largest_value < (1 << (8*size2-sign))):
+            return btype2
+        raise CDefError("%s values don't all fit into either 'long' "
+                        "or 'unsigned long'" % self._get_c_name())
+
+def unknown_type(name, structname=None):
+    if structname is None:
+        structname = '$%s' % name
+    tp = StructType(structname, None, None, None)
+    tp.force_the_name(name)
+    tp.origin = "unknown_type"
+    return tp
+
+def unknown_ptr_type(name, structname=None):
+    if structname is None:
+        structname = '$$%s' % name
+    tp = StructType(structname, None, None, None)
+    return NamedPointerType(tp, name)
+
+
+global_lock = allocate_lock()
+_typecache_cffi_backend = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+
+def get_typecache(backend):
+    # returns _typecache_cffi_backend if backend is the _cffi_backend
+    # module, or type(backend).__typecache if backend is an instance of
+    # CTypesBackend (or some FakeBackend class during tests)
+    if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
+        return _typecache_cffi_backend
+    with global_lock:
+        if not hasattr(type(backend), '__typecache'):
+            type(backend).__typecache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+        return type(backend).__typecache
+
+def global_cache(srctype, ffi, funcname, *args, **kwds):
+    key = kwds.pop('key', (funcname, args))
+    assert not kwds
+    try:
+        return ffi._typecache[key]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        res = getattr(ffi._backend, funcname)(*args)
+    except NotImplementedError as e:
+        raise NotImplementedError("%s: %r: %s" % (funcname, srctype, e))
+    # note that setdefault() on WeakValueDictionary is not atomic
+    # and contains a rare bug (http://bugs.python.org/issue19542);
+    # we have to use a lock and do it ourselves
+    cache = ffi._typecache
+    with global_lock:
+        res1 = cache.get(key)
+        if res1 is None:
+            cache[key] = res
+            return res
+        else:
+            return res1
+
+def pointer_cache(ffi, BType):
+    return global_cache('?', ffi, 'new_pointer_type', BType)
+
+def attach_exception_info(e, name):
+    if e.args and type(e.args[0]) is str:
+        e.args = ('%s: %s' % (name, e.args[0]),) + e.args[1:]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/parse_c_type.h b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/parse_c_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84e4ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/parse_c_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+
+/* This part is from file 'cffi/parse_c_type.h'.  It is copied at the
+   beginning of C sources generated by CFFI's ffi.set_source(). */
+
+typedef void *_cffi_opcode_t;
+
+#define _CFFI_OP(opcode, arg)   (_cffi_opcode_t)(opcode | (((uintptr_t)(arg)) << 8))
+#define _CFFI_GETOP(cffi_opcode)    ((unsigned char)(uintptr_t)cffi_opcode)
+#define _CFFI_GETARG(cffi_opcode)   (((intptr_t)cffi_opcode) >> 8)
+
+#define _CFFI_OP_PRIMITIVE       1
+#define _CFFI_OP_POINTER         3
+#define _CFFI_OP_ARRAY           5
+#define _CFFI_OP_OPEN_ARRAY      7
+#define _CFFI_OP_STRUCT_UNION    9
+#define _CFFI_OP_ENUM           11
+#define _CFFI_OP_FUNCTION       13
+#define _CFFI_OP_FUNCTION_END   15
+#define _CFFI_OP_NOOP           17
+#define _CFFI_OP_BITFIELD       19
+#define _CFFI_OP_TYPENAME       21
+#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V 23   // varargs
+#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N 25   // noargs
+#define _CFFI_OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O 27   // O  (i.e. a single arg)
+#define _CFFI_OP_CONSTANT       29
+#define _CFFI_OP_CONSTANT_INT   31
+#define _CFFI_OP_GLOBAL_VAR     33
+#define _CFFI_OP_DLOPEN_FUNC    35
+#define _CFFI_OP_DLOPEN_CONST   37
+#define _CFFI_OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F   39
+#define _CFFI_OP_EXTERN_PYTHON  41
+
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_VOID          0
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_BOOL          1
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR          2
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_SCHAR         3
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UCHAR         4
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_SHORT         5
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_USHORT        6
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT           7
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT          8
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONG          9
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_ULONG        10
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONGLONG     11
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_ULONGLONG    12
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_FLOAT        13
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLE       14
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_LONGDOUBLE   15
+
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_WCHAR        16
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT8         17
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT8        18
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT16        19
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT16       20
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT32        21
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT32       22
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT64        23
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT64       24
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INTPTR       25
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINTPTR      26
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_PTRDIFF      27
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_SIZE         28
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_SSIZE        29
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST8   30
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST8  31
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST16  32
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST16 33
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST32  34
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST32 35
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_LEAST64  36
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_LEAST64 37
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST8    38
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST8   39
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST16   40
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST16  41
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST32   42
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST32  43
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INT_FAST64   44
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINT_FAST64  45
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_INTMAX       46
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_UINTMAX      47
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX 48
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX 49
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR16       50
+#define _CFFI_PRIM_CHAR32       51
+
+#define _CFFI__NUM_PRIM         52
+#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_PRIM           (-1)
+#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM     (-2)
+#define _CFFI__UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE    (-3)
+
+#define _CFFI__IO_FILE_STRUCT         (-1)
+
+
+struct _cffi_global_s {
+    const char *name;
+    void *address;
+    _cffi_opcode_t type_op;
+    void *size_or_direct_fn;  // OP_GLOBAL_VAR: size, or 0 if unknown
+                              // OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_*: addr of direct function
+};
+
+struct _cffi_getconst_s {
+    unsigned long long value;
+    const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx;
+    int gindex;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_struct_union_s {
+    const char *name;
+    int type_index;          // -> _cffi_types, on a OP_STRUCT_UNION
+    int flags;               // _CFFI_F_* flags below
+    size_t size;
+    int alignment;
+    int first_field_index;   // -> _cffi_fields array
+    int num_fields;
+};
+#define _CFFI_F_UNION         0x01   // is a union, not a struct
+#define _CFFI_F_CHECK_FIELDS  0x02   // complain if fields are not in the
+                                     // "standard layout" or if some are missing
+#define _CFFI_F_PACKED        0x04   // for CHECK_FIELDS, assume a packed struct
+#define _CFFI_F_EXTERNAL      0x08   // in some other ffi.include()
+#define _CFFI_F_OPAQUE        0x10   // opaque
+
+struct _cffi_field_s {
+    const char *name;
+    size_t field_offset;
+    size_t field_size;
+    _cffi_opcode_t field_type_op;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_enum_s {
+    const char *name;
+    int type_index;          // -> _cffi_types, on a OP_ENUM
+    int type_prim;           // _CFFI_PRIM_xxx
+    const char *enumerators; // comma-delimited string
+};
+
+struct _cffi_typename_s {
+    const char *name;
+    int type_index;   /* if opaque, points to a possibly artificial
+                         OP_STRUCT which is itself opaque */
+};
+
+struct _cffi_type_context_s {
+    _cffi_opcode_t *types;
+    const struct _cffi_global_s *globals;
+    const struct _cffi_field_s *fields;
+    const struct _cffi_struct_union_s *struct_unions;
+    const struct _cffi_enum_s *enums;
+    const struct _cffi_typename_s *typenames;
+    int num_globals;
+    int num_struct_unions;
+    int num_enums;
+    int num_typenames;
+    const char *const *includes;
+    int num_types;
+    int flags;      /* future extension */
+};
+
+struct _cffi_parse_info_s {
+    const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx;
+    _cffi_opcode_t *output;
+    unsigned int output_size;
+    size_t error_location;
+    const char *error_message;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_externpy_s {
+    const char *name;
+    size_t size_of_result;
+    void *reserved1, *reserved2;
+};
+
+#ifdef _CFFI_INTERNAL
+static int parse_c_type(struct _cffi_parse_info_s *info, const char *input);
+static int search_in_globals(const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx,
+                             const char *search, size_t search_len);
+static int search_in_struct_unions(const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx,
+                                   const char *search, size_t search_len);
+#endif
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/pkgconfig.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/pkgconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c93f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/pkgconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# pkg-config, https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/ integration for cffi
+import sys, os, subprocess
+
+from .error import PkgConfigError
+
+
+def merge_flags(cfg1, cfg2):
+    """Merge values from cffi config flags cfg2 to cf1
+
+    Example:
+        merge_flags({"libraries": ["one"]}, {"libraries": ["two"]})
+        {"libraries": ["one", "two"]}
+    """
+    for key, value in cfg2.items():
+        if key not in cfg1:
+            cfg1[key] = value
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(cfg1[key], list):
+                raise TypeError("cfg1[%r] should be a list of strings" % (key,))
+            if not isinstance(value, list):
+                raise TypeError("cfg2[%r] should be a list of strings" % (key,))
+            cfg1[key].extend(value)
+    return cfg1
+
+
+def call(libname, flag, encoding=sys.getfilesystemencoding()):
+    """Calls pkg-config and returns the output if found
+    """
+    a = ["pkg-config", "--print-errors"]
+    a.append(flag)
+    a.append(libname)
+    try:
+        pc = subprocess.Popen(a, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    except EnvironmentError as e:
+        raise PkgConfigError("cannot run pkg-config: %s" % (str(e).strip(),))
+
+    bout, berr = pc.communicate()
+    if pc.returncode != 0:
+        try:
+            berr = berr.decode(encoding)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        raise PkgConfigError(berr.strip())
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3,) and not isinstance(bout, str):   # Python 3.x
+        try:
+            bout = bout.decode(encoding)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise PkgConfigError("pkg-config %s %s returned bytes that cannot "
+                                 "be decoded with encoding %r:\n%r" %
+                                 (flag, libname, encoding, bout))
+
+    if os.altsep != '\\' and '\\' in bout:
+        raise PkgConfigError("pkg-config %s %s returned an unsupported "
+                             "backslash-escaped output:\n%r" %
+                             (flag, libname, bout))
+    return bout
+
+
+def flags_from_pkgconfig(libs):
+    r"""Return compiler line flags for FFI.set_source based on pkg-config output
+
+    Usage
+        ...
+        ffibuilder.set_source("_foo", pkgconfig = ["libfoo", "libbar >= 1.8.3"])
+
+    If pkg-config is installed on build machine, then arguments include_dirs,
+    library_dirs, libraries, define_macros, extra_compile_args and
+    extra_link_args are extended with an output of pkg-config for libfoo and
+    libbar.
+
+    Raises PkgConfigError in case the pkg-config call fails.
+    """
+
+    def get_include_dirs(string):
+        return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-I")]
+
+    def get_library_dirs(string):
+        return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-L")]
+
+    def get_libraries(string):
+        return [x[2:] for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-l")]
+
+    # convert -Dfoo=bar to list of tuples [("foo", "bar")] expected by distutils
+    def get_macros(string):
+        def _macro(x):
+            x = x[2:]    # drop "-D"
+            if '=' in x:
+                return tuple(x.split("=", 1))  # "-Dfoo=bar" => ("foo", "bar")
+            else:
+                return (x, None)               # "-Dfoo" => ("foo", None)
+        return [_macro(x) for x in string.split() if x.startswith("-D")]
+
+    def get_other_cflags(string):
+        return [x for x in string.split() if not x.startswith("-I") and
+                                             not x.startswith("-D")]
+
+    def get_other_libs(string):
+        return [x for x in string.split() if not x.startswith("-L") and
+                                             not x.startswith("-l")]
+
+    # return kwargs for given libname
+    def kwargs(libname):
+        fse = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+        all_cflags = call(libname, "--cflags")
+        all_libs = call(libname, "--libs")
+        return {
+            "include_dirs": get_include_dirs(all_cflags),
+            "library_dirs": get_library_dirs(all_libs),
+            "libraries": get_libraries(all_libs),
+            "define_macros": get_macros(all_cflags),
+            "extra_compile_args": get_other_cflags(all_cflags),
+            "extra_link_args": get_other_libs(all_libs),
+            }
+
+    # merge all arguments together
+    ret = {}
+    for libname in libs:
+        lib_flags = kwargs(libname)
+        merge_flags(ret, lib_flags)
+    return ret
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/recompiler.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/recompiler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57781a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/recompiler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1598 @@
+import os, sys, io
+from . import ffiplatform, model
+from .error import VerificationError
+from .cffi_opcode import *
+
+VERSION_BASE = 0x2601
+VERSION_EMBEDDED = 0x2701
+VERSION_CHAR16CHAR32 = 0x2801
+
+USE_LIMITED_API = (sys.platform != 'win32' or sys.version_info < (3, 0) or
+                   sys.version_info >= (3, 5))
+
+
+class GlobalExpr:
+    def __init__(self, name, address, type_op, size=0, check_value=0):
+        self.name = name
+        self.address = address
+        self.type_op = type_op
+        self.size = size
+        self.check_value = check_value
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        return '  { "%s", (void *)%s, %s, (void *)%s },' % (
+            self.name, self.address, self.type_op.as_c_expr(), self.size)
+
+    def as_python_expr(self):
+        return "b'%s%s',%d" % (self.type_op.as_python_bytes(), self.name,
+                               self.check_value)
+
+class FieldExpr:
+    def __init__(self, name, field_offset, field_size, fbitsize, field_type_op):
+        self.name = name
+        self.field_offset = field_offset
+        self.field_size = field_size
+        self.fbitsize = fbitsize
+        self.field_type_op = field_type_op
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        spaces = " " * len(self.name)
+        return ('  { "%s", %s,\n' % (self.name, self.field_offset) +
+                '     %s   %s,\n' % (spaces, self.field_size) +
+                '     %s   %s },' % (spaces, self.field_type_op.as_c_expr()))
+
+    def as_python_expr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def as_field_python_expr(self):
+        if self.field_type_op.op == OP_NOOP:
+            size_expr = ''
+        elif self.field_type_op.op == OP_BITFIELD:
+            size_expr = format_four_bytes(self.fbitsize)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        return "b'%s%s%s'" % (self.field_type_op.as_python_bytes(),
+                              size_expr,
+                              self.name)
+
+class StructUnionExpr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_index, flags, size, alignment, comment,
+                 first_field_index, c_fields):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_index = type_index
+        self.flags = flags
+        self.size = size
+        self.alignment = alignment
+        self.comment = comment
+        self.first_field_index = first_field_index
+        self.c_fields = c_fields
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        return ('  { "%s", %d, %s,' % (self.name, self.type_index, self.flags)
+                + '\n    %s, %s, ' % (self.size, self.alignment)
+                + '%d, %d ' % (self.first_field_index, len(self.c_fields))
+                + ('/* %s */ ' % self.comment if self.comment else '')
+                + '},')
+
+    def as_python_expr(self):
+        flags = eval(self.flags, G_FLAGS)
+        fields_expr = [c_field.as_field_python_expr()
+                       for c_field in self.c_fields]
+        return "(b'%s%s%s',%s)" % (
+            format_four_bytes(self.type_index),
+            format_four_bytes(flags),
+            self.name,
+            ','.join(fields_expr))
+
+class EnumExpr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_index, size, signed, allenums):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_index = type_index
+        self.size = size
+        self.signed = signed
+        self.allenums = allenums
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        return ('  { "%s", %d, _cffi_prim_int(%s, %s),\n'
+                '    "%s" },' % (self.name, self.type_index,
+                                 self.size, self.signed, self.allenums))
+
+    def as_python_expr(self):
+        prim_index = {
+            (1, 0): PRIM_UINT8,  (1, 1):  PRIM_INT8,
+            (2, 0): PRIM_UINT16, (2, 1):  PRIM_INT16,
+            (4, 0): PRIM_UINT32, (4, 1):  PRIM_INT32,
+            (8, 0): PRIM_UINT64, (8, 1):  PRIM_INT64,
+            }[self.size, self.signed]
+        return "b'%s%s%s\\x00%s'" % (format_four_bytes(self.type_index),
+                                     format_four_bytes(prim_index),
+                                     self.name, self.allenums)
+
+class TypenameExpr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_index):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_index = type_index
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        return '  { "%s", %d },' % (self.name, self.type_index)
+
+    def as_python_expr(self):
+        return "b'%s%s'" % (format_four_bytes(self.type_index), self.name)
+
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+
+
+class Recompiler:
+    _num_externpy = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, ffi, module_name, target_is_python=False):
+        self.ffi = ffi
+        self.module_name = module_name
+        self.target_is_python = target_is_python
+        self._version = VERSION_BASE
+
+    def needs_version(self, ver):
+        self._version = max(self._version, ver)
+
+    def collect_type_table(self):
+        self._typesdict = {}
+        self._generate("collecttype")
+        #
+        all_decls = sorted(self._typesdict, key=str)
+        #
+        # prepare all FUNCTION bytecode sequences first
+        self.cffi_types = []
+        for tp in all_decls:
+            if tp.is_raw_function:
+                assert self._typesdict[tp] is None
+                self._typesdict[tp] = len(self.cffi_types)
+                self.cffi_types.append(tp)     # placeholder
+                for tp1 in tp.args:
+                    assert isinstance(tp1, (model.VoidType,
+                                            model.BasePrimitiveType,
+                                            model.PointerType,
+                                            model.StructOrUnionOrEnum,
+                                            model.FunctionPtrType))
+                    if self._typesdict[tp1] is None:
+                        self._typesdict[tp1] = len(self.cffi_types)
+                    self.cffi_types.append(tp1)   # placeholder
+                self.cffi_types.append('END')     # placeholder
+        #
+        # prepare all OTHER bytecode sequences
+        for tp in all_decls:
+            if not tp.is_raw_function and self._typesdict[tp] is None:
+                self._typesdict[tp] = len(self.cffi_types)
+                self.cffi_types.append(tp)        # placeholder
+                if tp.is_array_type and tp.length is not None:
+                    self.cffi_types.append('LEN') # placeholder
+        assert None not in self._typesdict.values()
+        #
+        # collect all structs and unions and enums
+        self._struct_unions = {}
+        self._enums = {}
+        for tp in all_decls:
+            if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+                self._struct_unions[tp] = None
+            elif isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+                self._enums[tp] = None
+        for i, tp in enumerate(sorted(self._struct_unions,
+                                      key=lambda tp: tp.name)):
+            self._struct_unions[tp] = i
+        for i, tp in enumerate(sorted(self._enums,
+                                      key=lambda tp: tp.name)):
+            self._enums[tp] = i
+        #
+        # emit all bytecode sequences now
+        for tp in all_decls:
+            method = getattr(self, '_emit_bytecode_' + tp.__class__.__name__)
+            method(tp, self._typesdict[tp])
+        #
+        # consistency check
+        for op in self.cffi_types:
+            assert isinstance(op, CffiOp)
+        self.cffi_types = tuple(self.cffi_types)    # don't change any more
+
+    def _enum_fields(self, tp):
+        # When producing C, expand all anonymous struct/union fields.
+        # That's necessary to have C code checking the offsets of the
+        # individual fields contained in them.  When producing Python,
+        # don't do it and instead write it like it is, with the
+        # corresponding fields having an empty name.  Empty names are
+        # recognized at runtime when we import the generated Python
+        # file.
+        expand_anonymous_struct_union = not self.target_is_python
+        return tp.enumfields(expand_anonymous_struct_union)
+
+    def _do_collect_type(self, tp):
+        if not isinstance(tp, model.BaseTypeByIdentity):
+            if isinstance(tp, tuple):
+                for x in tp:
+                    self._do_collect_type(x)
+            return
+        if tp not in self._typesdict:
+            self._typesdict[tp] = None
+            if isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType):
+                self._do_collect_type(tp.as_raw_function())
+            elif isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+                if tp.fldtypes is not None and (
+                        tp not in self.ffi._parser._included_declarations):
+                    for name1, tp1, _, _ in self._enum_fields(tp):
+                        self._do_collect_type(self._field_type(tp, name1, tp1))
+            else:
+                for _, x in tp._get_items():
+                    self._do_collect_type(x)
+
+    def _generate(self, step_name):
+        lst = self.ffi._parser._declarations.items()
+        for name, (tp, quals) in sorted(lst):
+            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
+            try:
+                method = getattr(self, '_generate_cpy_%s_%s' % (kind,
+                                                                step_name))
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "not implemented in recompile(): %r" % name)
+            try:
+                self._current_quals = quals
+                method(tp, realname)
+            except Exception as e:
+                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
+                raise
+
+    # ----------
+
+    ALL_STEPS = ["global", "field", "struct_union", "enum", "typename"]
+
+    def collect_step_tables(self):
+        # collect the declarations for '_cffi_globals', '_cffi_typenames', etc.
+        self._lsts = {}
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            self._lsts[step_name] = []
+        self._seen_struct_unions = set()
+        self._generate("ctx")
+        self._add_missing_struct_unions()
+        #
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            lst = self._lsts[step_name]
+            if step_name != "field":
+                lst.sort(key=lambda entry: entry.name)
+            self._lsts[step_name] = tuple(lst)    # don't change any more
+        #
+        # check for a possible internal inconsistency: _cffi_struct_unions
+        # should have been generated with exactly self._struct_unions
+        lst = self._lsts["struct_union"]
+        for tp, i in self._struct_unions.items():
+            assert i < len(lst)
+            assert lst[i].name == tp.name
+        assert len(lst) == len(self._struct_unions)
+        # same with enums
+        lst = self._lsts["enum"]
+        for tp, i in self._enums.items():
+            assert i < len(lst)
+            assert lst[i].name == tp.name
+        assert len(lst) == len(self._enums)
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def _prnt(self, what=''):
+        self._f.write(what + '\n')
+
+    def write_source_to_f(self, f, preamble):
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            assert preamble is None
+            self.write_py_source_to_f(f)
+        else:
+            assert preamble is not None
+            self.write_c_source_to_f(f, preamble)
+
+    def _rel_readlines(self, filename):
+        g = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), filename), 'r')
+        lines = g.readlines()
+        g.close()
+        return lines
+
+    def write_c_source_to_f(self, f, preamble):
+        self._f = f
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        if self.ffi._embedding is not None:
+            prnt('#define _CFFI_USE_EMBEDDING')
+        if not USE_LIMITED_API:
+            prnt('#define _CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API')
+        #
+        # first the '#include' (actually done by inlining the file's content)
+        lines = self._rel_readlines('_cffi_include.h')
+        i = lines.index('#include "parse_c_type.h"\n')
+        lines[i:i+1] = self._rel_readlines('parse_c_type.h')
+        prnt(''.join(lines))
+        #
+        # if we have ffi._embedding != None, we give it here as a macro
+        # and include an extra file
+        base_module_name = self.module_name.split('.')[-1]
+        if self.ffi._embedding is not None:
+            prnt('#define _CFFI_MODULE_NAME  "%s"' % (self.module_name,))
+            prnt('static const char _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE[] = {')
+            self._print_string_literal_in_array(self.ffi._embedding)
+            prnt('0 };')
+            prnt('#ifdef PYPY_VERSION')
+            prnt('# define _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC  _cffi_pypyinit_%s' % (
+                base_module_name,))
+            prnt('#elif PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3')
+            prnt('# define _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC  PyInit_%s' % (
+                base_module_name,))
+            prnt('#else')
+            prnt('# define _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC  init%s' % (
+                base_module_name,))
+            prnt('#endif')
+            lines = self._rel_readlines('_embedding.h')
+            i = lines.index('#include "_cffi_errors.h"\n')
+            lines[i:i+1] = self._rel_readlines('_cffi_errors.h')
+            prnt(''.join(lines))
+            self.needs_version(VERSION_EMBEDDED)
+        #
+        # then paste the C source given by the user, verbatim.
+        prnt('/************************************************************/')
+        prnt()
+        prnt(preamble)
+        prnt()
+        prnt('/************************************************************/')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # the declaration of '_cffi_types'
+        prnt('static void *_cffi_types[] = {')
+        typeindex2type = dict([(i, tp) for (tp, i) in self._typesdict.items()])
+        for i, op in enumerate(self.cffi_types):
+            comment = ''
+            if i in typeindex2type:
+                comment = ' // ' + typeindex2type[i]._get_c_name()
+            prnt('/* %2d */ %s,%s' % (i, op.as_c_expr(), comment))
+        if not self.cffi_types:
+            prnt('  0')
+        prnt('};')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # call generate_cpy_xxx_decl(), for every xxx found from
+        # ffi._parser._declarations.  This generates all the functions.
+        self._seen_constants = set()
+        self._generate("decl")
+        #
+        # the declaration of '_cffi_globals' and '_cffi_typenames'
+        nums = {}
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            lst = self._lsts[step_name]
+            nums[step_name] = len(lst)
+            if nums[step_name] > 0:
+                prnt('static const struct _cffi_%s_s _cffi_%ss[] = {' % (
+                    step_name, step_name))
+                for entry in lst:
+                    prnt(entry.as_c_expr())
+                prnt('};')
+                prnt()
+        #
+        # the declaration of '_cffi_includes'
+        if self.ffi._included_ffis:
+            prnt('static const char * const _cffi_includes[] = {')
+            for ffi_to_include in self.ffi._included_ffis:
+                try:
+                    included_module_name, included_source = (
+                        ffi_to_include._assigned_source[:2])
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "ffi object %r includes %r, but the latter has not "
+                        "been prepared with set_source()" % (
+                            self.ffi, ffi_to_include,))
+                if included_source is None:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "not implemented yet: ffi.include() of a Python-based "
+                        "ffi inside a C-based ffi")
+                prnt('  "%s",' % (included_module_name,))
+            prnt('  NULL')
+            prnt('};')
+            prnt()
+        #
+        # the declaration of '_cffi_type_context'
+        prnt('static const struct _cffi_type_context_s _cffi_type_context = {')
+        prnt('  _cffi_types,')
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            if nums[step_name] > 0:
+                prnt('  _cffi_%ss,' % step_name)
+            else:
+                prnt('  NULL,  /* no %ss */' % step_name)
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            if step_name != "field":
+                prnt('  %d,  /* num_%ss */' % (nums[step_name], step_name))
+        if self.ffi._included_ffis:
+            prnt('  _cffi_includes,')
+        else:
+            prnt('  NULL,  /* no includes */')
+        prnt('  %d,  /* num_types */' % (len(self.cffi_types),))
+        flags = 0
+        if self._num_externpy > 0 or self.ffi._embedding is not None:
+            flags |= 1     # set to mean that we use extern "Python"
+        prnt('  %d,  /* flags */' % flags)
+        prnt('};')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # the init function
+        prnt('#ifdef __GNUC__')
+        prnt('#  pragma GCC visibility push(default)  /* for -fvisibility= */')
+        prnt('#endif')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('#ifdef PYPY_VERSION')
+        prnt('PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('_cffi_pypyinit_%s(const void *p[])' % (base_module_name,))
+        prnt('{')
+        if flags & 1:
+            prnt('    if (((intptr_t)p[0]) >= 0x0A03) {')
+            prnt('        _cffi_call_python_org = '
+                 '(void(*)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *))p[1];')
+            prnt('    }')
+        prnt('    p[0] = (const void *)0x%x;' % self._version)
+        prnt('    p[1] = &_cffi_type_context;')
+        prnt('#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3')
+        prnt('    return NULL;')
+        prnt('#endif')
+        prnt('}')
+        # on Windows, distutils insists on putting init_cffi_xyz in
+        # 'export_symbols', so instead of fighting it, just give up and
+        # give it one
+        prnt('#  ifdef _MSC_VER')
+        prnt('     PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('#  if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3')
+        prnt('     PyInit_%s(void) { return NULL; }' % (base_module_name,))
+        prnt('#  else')
+        prnt('     init%s(void) { }' % (base_module_name,))
+        prnt('#  endif')
+        prnt('#  endif')
+        prnt('#elif PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3')
+        prnt('PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('PyInit_%s(void)' % (base_module_name,))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  return _cffi_init("%s", 0x%x, &_cffi_type_context);' % (
+            self.module_name, self._version))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt('#else')
+        prnt('PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('init%s(void)' % (base_module_name,))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  _cffi_init("%s", 0x%x, &_cffi_type_context);' % (
+            self.module_name, self._version))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt('#endif')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('#ifdef __GNUC__')
+        prnt('#  pragma GCC visibility pop')
+        prnt('#endif')
+        self._version = None
+
+    def _to_py(self, x):
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            return "b'%s'" % (x,)
+        if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)):
+            rep = [self._to_py(item) for item in x]
+            if len(rep) == 1:
+                rep.append('')
+            return "(%s)" % (','.join(rep),)
+        return x.as_python_expr()  # Py2: unicode unexpected; Py3: bytes unexp.
+
+    def write_py_source_to_f(self, f):
+        self._f = f
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        #
+        # header
+        prnt("# auto-generated file")
+        prnt("import _cffi_backend")
+        #
+        # the 'import' of the included ffis
+        num_includes = len(self.ffi._included_ffis or ())
+        for i in range(num_includes):
+            ffi_to_include = self.ffi._included_ffis[i]
+            try:
+                included_module_name, included_source = (
+                    ffi_to_include._assigned_source[:2])
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "ffi object %r includes %r, but the latter has not "
+                    "been prepared with set_source()" % (
+                        self.ffi, ffi_to_include,))
+            if included_source is not None:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "not implemented yet: ffi.include() of a C-based "
+                    "ffi inside a Python-based ffi")
+            prnt('from %s import ffi as _ffi%d' % (included_module_name, i))
+        prnt()
+        prnt("ffi = _cffi_backend.FFI('%s'," % (self.module_name,))
+        prnt("    _version = 0x%x," % (self._version,))
+        self._version = None
+        #
+        # the '_types' keyword argument
+        self.cffi_types = tuple(self.cffi_types)    # don't change any more
+        types_lst = [op.as_python_bytes() for op in self.cffi_types]
+        prnt('    _types = %s,' % (self._to_py(''.join(types_lst)),))
+        typeindex2type = dict([(i, tp) for (tp, i) in self._typesdict.items()])
+        #
+        # the keyword arguments from ALL_STEPS
+        for step_name in self.ALL_STEPS:
+            lst = self._lsts[step_name]
+            if len(lst) > 0 and step_name != "field":
+                prnt('    _%ss = %s,' % (step_name, self._to_py(lst)))
+        #
+        # the '_includes' keyword argument
+        if num_includes > 0:
+            prnt('    _includes = (%s,),' % (
+                ', '.join(['_ffi%d' % i for i in range(num_includes)]),))
+        #
+        # the footer
+        prnt(')')
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def _gettypenum(self, type):
+        # a KeyError here is a bug.  please report it! :-)
+        return self._typesdict[type]
+
+    def _convert_funcarg_to_c(self, tp, fromvar, tovar, errcode):
+        extraarg = ''
+        if isinstance(tp, model.BasePrimitiveType) and not tp.is_complex_type():
+            if tp.is_integer_type() and tp.name != '_Bool':
+                converter = '_cffi_to_c_int'
+                extraarg = ', %s' % tp.name
+            elif isinstance(tp, model.UnknownFloatType):
+                # don't check with is_float_type(): it may be a 'long
+                # double' here, and _cffi_to_c_double would loose precision
+                converter = '(%s)_cffi_to_c_double' % (tp.get_c_name(''),)
+            else:
+                cname = tp.get_c_name('')
+                converter = '(%s)_cffi_to_c_%s' % (cname,
+                                                   tp.name.replace(' ', '_'))
+                if cname in ('char16_t', 'char32_t'):
+                    self.needs_version(VERSION_CHAR16CHAR32)
+            errvalue = '-1'
+        #
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.PointerType):
+            self._convert_funcarg_to_c_ptr_or_array(tp, fromvar,
+                                                    tovar, errcode)
+            return
+        #
+        elif (isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnionOrEnum) or
+              isinstance(tp, model.BasePrimitiveType)):
+            # a struct (not a struct pointer) as a function argument;
+            # or, a complex (the same code works)
+            self._prnt('  if (_cffi_to_c((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d), %s) < 0)'
+                      % (tovar, self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar))
+            self._prnt('    %s;' % errcode)
+            return
+        #
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType):
+            converter = '(%s)_cffi_to_c_pointer' % tp.get_c_name('')
+            extraarg = ', _cffi_type(%d)' % self._gettypenum(tp)
+            errvalue = 'NULL'
+        #
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(tp)
+        #
+        self._prnt('  %s = %s(%s%s);' % (tovar, converter, fromvar, extraarg))
+        self._prnt('  if (%s == (%s)%s && PyErr_Occurred())' % (
+            tovar, tp.get_c_name(''), errvalue))
+        self._prnt('    %s;' % errcode)
+
+    def _extra_local_variables(self, tp, localvars, freelines):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.PointerType):
+            localvars.add('Py_ssize_t datasize')
+            localvars.add('struct _cffi_freeme_s *large_args_free = NULL')
+            freelines.add('if (large_args_free != NULL)'
+                          ' _cffi_free_array_arguments(large_args_free);')
+
+    def _convert_funcarg_to_c_ptr_or_array(self, tp, fromvar, tovar, errcode):
+        self._prnt('  datasize = _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument(')
+        self._prnt('      _cffi_type(%d), %s, (char **)&%s);' % (
+            self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar, tovar))
+        self._prnt('  if (datasize != 0) {')
+        self._prnt('    %s = ((size_t)datasize) <= 640 ? '
+                   '(%s)alloca((size_t)datasize) : NULL;' % (
+            tovar, tp.get_c_name('')))
+        self._prnt('    if (_cffi_convert_array_argument(_cffi_type(%d), %s, '
+                   '(char **)&%s,' % (self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar, tovar))
+        self._prnt('            datasize, &large_args_free) < 0)')
+        self._prnt('      %s;' % errcode)
+        self._prnt('  }')
+
+    def _convert_expr_from_c(self, tp, var, context):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.BasePrimitiveType):
+            if tp.is_integer_type() and tp.name != '_Bool':
+                return '_cffi_from_c_int(%s, %s)' % (var, tp.name)
+            elif isinstance(tp, model.UnknownFloatType):
+                return '_cffi_from_c_double(%s)' % (var,)
+            elif tp.name != 'long double' and not tp.is_complex_type():
+                cname = tp.name.replace(' ', '_')
+                if cname in ('char16_t', 'char32_t'):
+                    self.needs_version(VERSION_CHAR16CHAR32)
+                return '_cffi_from_c_%s(%s)' % (cname, var)
+            else:
+                return '_cffi_from_c_deref((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                    var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, (model.PointerType, model.FunctionPtrType)):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(model.PointerType(tp.item)))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+            if tp.fldnames is None:
+                raise TypeError("'%s' is used as %s, but is opaque" % (
+                    tp._get_c_name(), context))
+            return '_cffi_from_c_struct((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_deref((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(tp)
+
+    # ----------
+    # typedefs
+
+    def _typedef_type(self, tp, name):
+        return self._global_type(tp, "(*(%s *)0)" % (name,))
+
+    def _generate_cpy_typedef_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        self._do_collect_type(self._typedef_type(tp, name))
+
+    def _generate_cpy_typedef_decl(self, tp, name):
+        pass
+
+    def _typedef_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+        self._lsts["typename"].append(TypenameExpr(name, type_index))
+
+    def _generate_cpy_typedef_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        tp = self._typedef_type(tp, name)
+        self._typedef_ctx(tp, name)
+        if getattr(tp, "origin", None) == "unknown_type":
+            self._struct_ctx(tp, tp.name, approxname=None)
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.NamedPointerType):
+            self._struct_ctx(tp.totype, tp.totype.name, approxname=tp.name,
+                             named_ptr=tp)
+
+    # ----------
+    # function declarations
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        self._do_collect_type(tp.as_raw_function())
+        if tp.ellipsis and not self.target_is_python:
+            self._do_collect_type(tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert not self.target_is_python
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            # cannot support vararg functions better than this: check for its
+            # exact type (including the fixed arguments), and build it as a
+            # constant function pointer (no CPython wrapper)
+            self._generate_cpy_constant_decl(tp, name)
+            return
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        numargs = len(tp.args)
+        if numargs == 0:
+            argname = 'noarg'
+        elif numargs == 1:
+            argname = 'arg0'
+        else:
+            argname = 'args'
+        #
+        # ------------------------------
+        # the 'd' version of the function, only for addressof(lib, 'func')
+        arguments = []
+        call_arguments = []
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            arguments.append(type.get_c_name(' x%d' % i, context))
+            call_arguments.append('x%d' % i)
+        repr_arguments = ', '.join(arguments)
+        repr_arguments = repr_arguments or 'void'
+        if tp.abi:
+            abi = tp.abi + ' '
+        else:
+            abi = ''
+        name_and_arguments = '%s_cffi_d_%s(%s)' % (abi, name, repr_arguments)
+        prnt('static %s' % (tp.result.get_c_name(name_and_arguments),))
+        prnt('{')
+        call_arguments = ', '.join(call_arguments)
+        result_code = 'return '
+        if isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            result_code = ''
+        prnt('  %s%s(%s);' % (result_code, name, call_arguments))
+        prnt('}')
+        #
+        prnt('#ifndef PYPY_VERSION')        # ------------------------------
+        #
+        prnt('static PyObject *')
+        prnt('_cffi_f_%s(PyObject *self, PyObject *%s)' % (name, argname))
+        prnt('{')
+        #
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            arg = type.get_c_name(' x%d' % i, context)
+            prnt('  %s;' % arg)
+        #
+        localvars = set()
+        freelines = set()
+        for type in tp.args:
+            self._extra_local_variables(type, localvars, freelines)
+        for decl in sorted(localvars):
+            prnt('  %s;' % (decl,))
+        #
+        if not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            result_code = 'result = '
+            context = 'result of %s' % name
+            result_decl = '  %s;' % tp.result.get_c_name(' result', context)
+            prnt(result_decl)
+            prnt('  PyObject *pyresult;')
+        else:
+            result_decl = None
+            result_code = ''
+        #
+        if len(tp.args) > 1:
+            rng = range(len(tp.args))
+            for i in rng:
+                prnt('  PyObject *arg%d;' % i)
+            prnt()
+            prnt('  if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "%s", %d, %d, %s))' % (
+                name, len(rng), len(rng),
+                ', '.join(['&arg%d' % i for i in rng])))
+            prnt('    return NULL;')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            self._convert_funcarg_to_c(type, 'arg%d' % i, 'x%d' % i,
+                                       'return NULL')
+            prnt()
+        #
+        prnt('  Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS')
+        prnt('  _cffi_restore_errno();')
+        call_arguments = ['x%d' % i for i in range(len(tp.args))]
+        call_arguments = ', '.join(call_arguments)
+        prnt('  { %s%s(%s); }' % (result_code, name, call_arguments))
+        prnt('  _cffi_save_errno();')
+        prnt('  Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        prnt('  (void)self; /* unused */')
+        if numargs == 0:
+            prnt('  (void)noarg; /* unused */')
+        if result_code:
+            prnt('  pyresult = %s;' %
+                 self._convert_expr_from_c(tp.result, 'result', 'result type'))
+            for freeline in freelines:
+                prnt('  ' + freeline)
+            prnt('  return pyresult;')
+        else:
+            for freeline in freelines:
+                prnt('  ' + freeline)
+            prnt('  Py_INCREF(Py_None);')
+            prnt('  return Py_None;')
+        prnt('}')
+        #
+        prnt('#else')        # ------------------------------
+        #
+        # the PyPy version: need to replace struct/union arguments with
+        # pointers, and if the result is a struct/union, insert a first
+        # arg that is a pointer to the result.  We also do that for
+        # complex args and return type.
+        def need_indirection(type):
+            return (isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnion) or
+                    (isinstance(type, model.PrimitiveType) and
+                     type.is_complex_type()))
+        difference = False
+        arguments = []
+        call_arguments = []
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            indirection = ''
+            if need_indirection(type):
+                indirection = '*'
+                difference = True
+            arg = type.get_c_name(' %sx%d' % (indirection, i), context)
+            arguments.append(arg)
+            call_arguments.append('%sx%d' % (indirection, i))
+        tp_result = tp.result
+        if need_indirection(tp_result):
+            context = 'result of %s' % name
+            arg = tp_result.get_c_name(' *result', context)
+            arguments.insert(0, arg)
+            tp_result = model.void_type
+            result_decl = None
+            result_code = '*result = '
+            difference = True
+        if difference:
+            repr_arguments = ', '.join(arguments)
+            repr_arguments = repr_arguments or 'void'
+            name_and_arguments = '%s_cffi_f_%s(%s)' % (abi, name,
+                                                       repr_arguments)
+            prnt('static %s' % (tp_result.get_c_name(name_and_arguments),))
+            prnt('{')
+            if result_decl:
+                prnt(result_decl)
+            call_arguments = ', '.join(call_arguments)
+            prnt('  { %s%s(%s); }' % (result_code, name, call_arguments))
+            if result_decl:
+                prnt('  return result;')
+            prnt('}')
+        else:
+            prnt('#  define _cffi_f_%s _cffi_d_%s' % (name, name))
+        #
+        prnt('#endif')        # ------------------------------
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        if tp.ellipsis and not self.target_is_python:
+            self._generate_cpy_constant_ctx(tp, name)
+            return
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp.as_raw_function()]
+        numargs = len(tp.args)
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            meth_kind = OP_DLOPEN_FUNC
+        elif numargs == 0:
+            meth_kind = OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N   # 'METH_NOARGS'
+        elif numargs == 1:
+            meth_kind = OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O   # 'METH_O'
+        else:
+            meth_kind = OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V   # 'METH_VARARGS'
+        self._lsts["global"].append(
+            GlobalExpr(name, '_cffi_f_%s' % name,
+                       CffiOp(meth_kind, type_index),
+                       size='_cffi_d_%s' % name))
+
+    # ----------
+    # named structs or unions
+
+    def _field_type(self, tp_struct, field_name, tp_field):
+        if isinstance(tp_field, model.ArrayType):
+            actual_length = tp_field.length
+            if actual_length == '...':
+                ptr_struct_name = tp_struct.get_c_name('*')
+                actual_length = '_cffi_array_len(((%s)0)->%s)' % (
+                    ptr_struct_name, field_name)
+            tp_item = self._field_type(tp_struct, '%s[0]' % field_name,
+                                       tp_field.item)
+            tp_field = model.ArrayType(tp_item, actual_length)
+        return tp_field
+
+    def _struct_collecttype(self, tp):
+        self._do_collect_type(tp)
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            # also requires nested anon struct/unions in ABI mode, recursively
+            for fldtype in tp.anonymous_struct_fields():
+                self._struct_collecttype(fldtype)
+
+    def _struct_decl(self, tp, cname, approxname):
+        if tp.fldtypes is None:
+            return
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        checkfuncname = '_cffi_checkfld_%s' % (approxname,)
+        prnt('_CFFI_UNUSED_FN')
+        prnt('static void %s(%s *p)' % (checkfuncname, cname))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  /* only to generate compile-time warnings or errors */')
+        prnt('  (void)p;')
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in self._enum_fields(tp):
+            try:
+                if ftype.is_integer_type() or fbitsize >= 0:
+                    # accept all integers, but complain on float or double
+                    if fname != '':
+                        prnt("  (void)((p->%s) | 0);  /* check that '%s.%s' is "
+                             "an integer */" % (fname, cname, fname))
+                    continue
+                # only accept exactly the type declared, except that '[]'
+                # is interpreted as a '*' and so will match any array length.
+                # (It would also match '*', but that's harder to detect...)
+                while (isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType)
+                       and (ftype.length is None or ftype.length == '...')):
+                    ftype = ftype.item
+                    fname = fname + '[0]'
+                prnt('  { %s = &p->%s; (void)tmp; }' % (
+                    ftype.get_c_name('*tmp', 'field %r'%fname, quals=fqual),
+                    fname))
+            except VerificationError as e:
+                prnt('  /* %s */' % str(e))   # cannot verify it, ignore
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt('struct _cffi_align_%s { char x; %s y; };' % (approxname, cname))
+        prnt()
+
+    def _struct_ctx(self, tp, cname, approxname, named_ptr=None):
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+        reason_for_not_expanding = None
+        flags = []
+        if isinstance(tp, model.UnionType):
+            flags.append("_CFFI_F_UNION")
+        if tp.fldtypes is None:
+            flags.append("_CFFI_F_OPAQUE")
+            reason_for_not_expanding = "opaque"
+        if (tp not in self.ffi._parser._included_declarations and
+                (named_ptr is None or
+                 named_ptr not in self.ffi._parser._included_declarations)):
+            if tp.fldtypes is None:
+                pass    # opaque
+            elif tp.partial or any(tp.anonymous_struct_fields()):
+                pass    # field layout obtained silently from the C compiler
+            else:
+                flags.append("_CFFI_F_CHECK_FIELDS")
+            if tp.packed:
+                if tp.packed > 1:
+                    raise NotImplementedError(
+                        "%r is declared with 'pack=%r'; only 0 or 1 are "
+                        "supported in API mode (try to use \"...;\", which "
+                        "does not require a 'pack' declaration)" %
+                        (tp, tp.packed))
+                flags.append("_CFFI_F_PACKED")
+        else:
+            flags.append("_CFFI_F_EXTERNAL")
+            reason_for_not_expanding = "external"
+        flags = '|'.join(flags) or '0'
+        c_fields = []
+        if reason_for_not_expanding is None:
+            enumfields = list(self._enum_fields(tp))
+            for fldname, fldtype, fbitsize, fqual in enumfields:
+                fldtype = self._field_type(tp, fldname, fldtype)
+                self._check_not_opaque(fldtype,
+                                       "field '%s.%s'" % (tp.name, fldname))
+                # cname is None for _add_missing_struct_unions() only
+                op = OP_NOOP
+                if fbitsize >= 0:
+                    op = OP_BITFIELD
+                    size = '%d /* bits */' % fbitsize
+                elif cname is None or (
+                        isinstance(fldtype, model.ArrayType) and
+                        fldtype.length is None):
+                    size = '(size_t)-1'
+                else:
+                    size = 'sizeof(((%s)0)->%s)' % (
+                        tp.get_c_name('*') if named_ptr is None
+                                           else named_ptr.name,
+                        fldname)
+                if cname is None or fbitsize >= 0:
+                    offset = '(size_t)-1'
+                elif named_ptr is not None:
+                    offset = '((char *)&((%s)4096)->%s) - (char *)4096' % (
+                        named_ptr.name, fldname)
+                else:
+                    offset = 'offsetof(%s, %s)' % (tp.get_c_name(''), fldname)
+                c_fields.append(
+                    FieldExpr(fldname, offset, size, fbitsize,
+                              CffiOp(op, self._typesdict[fldtype])))
+            first_field_index = len(self._lsts["field"])
+            self._lsts["field"].extend(c_fields)
+            #
+            if cname is None:  # unknown name, for _add_missing_struct_unions
+                size = '(size_t)-2'
+                align = -2
+                comment = "unnamed"
+            else:
+                if named_ptr is not None:
+                    size = 'sizeof(*(%s)0)' % (named_ptr.name,)
+                    align = '-1 /* unknown alignment */'
+                else:
+                    size = 'sizeof(%s)' % (cname,)
+                    align = 'offsetof(struct _cffi_align_%s, y)' % (approxname,)
+                comment = None
+        else:
+            size = '(size_t)-1'
+            align = -1
+            first_field_index = -1
+            comment = reason_for_not_expanding
+        self._lsts["struct_union"].append(
+            StructUnionExpr(tp.name, type_index, flags, size, align, comment,
+                            first_field_index, c_fields))
+        self._seen_struct_unions.add(tp)
+
+    def _check_not_opaque(self, tp, location):
+        while isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            tp = tp.item
+        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.fldtypes is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "%s is of an opaque type (not declared in cdef())" % location)
+
+    def _add_missing_struct_unions(self):
+        # not very nice, but some struct declarations might be missing
+        # because they don't have any known C name.  Check that they are
+        # not partial (we can't complete or verify them!) and emit them
+        # anonymously.
+        lst = list(self._struct_unions.items())
+        lst.sort(key=lambda tp_order: tp_order[1])
+        for tp, order in lst:
+            if tp not in self._seen_struct_unions:
+                if tp.partial:
+                    raise NotImplementedError("internal inconsistency: %r is "
+                                              "partial but was not seen at "
+                                              "this point" % (tp,))
+                if tp.name.startswith('$') and tp.name[1:].isdigit():
+                    approxname = tp.name[1:]
+                elif tp.name == '_IO_FILE' and tp.forcename == 'FILE':
+                    approxname = 'FILE'
+                    self._typedef_ctx(tp, 'FILE')
+                else:
+                    raise NotImplementedError("internal inconsistency: %r" %
+                                              (tp,))
+                self._struct_ctx(tp, None, approxname)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_struct_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        self._struct_collecttype(tp)
+    _generate_cpy_union_collecttype = _generate_cpy_struct_collecttype
+
+    def _struct_names(self, tp):
+        cname = tp.get_c_name('')
+        if ' ' in cname:
+            return cname, cname.replace(' ', '_')
+        else:
+            return cname, '_' + cname
+
+    def _generate_cpy_struct_decl(self, tp, name):
+        self._struct_decl(tp, *self._struct_names(tp))
+    _generate_cpy_union_decl = _generate_cpy_struct_decl
+
+    def _generate_cpy_struct_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        self._struct_ctx(tp, *self._struct_names(tp))
+    _generate_cpy_union_ctx = _generate_cpy_struct_ctx
+
+    # ----------
+    # 'anonymous' declarations.  These are produced for anonymous structs
+    # or unions; the 'name' is obtained by a typedef.
+
+    def _generate_cpy_anonymous_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._generate_cpy_enum_collecttype(tp, name)
+        else:
+            self._struct_collecttype(tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_anonymous_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._generate_cpy_enum_decl(tp)
+        else:
+            self._struct_decl(tp, name, 'typedef_' + name)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_anonymous_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._enum_ctx(tp, name)
+        else:
+            self._struct_ctx(tp, name, 'typedef_' + name)
+
+    # ----------
+    # constants, declared with "static const ..."
+
+    def _generate_cpy_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
+                            check_value=None):
+        if (category, name) in self._seen_constants:
+            raise VerificationError(
+                "duplicate declaration of %s '%s'" % (category, name))
+        self._seen_constants.add((category, name))
+        #
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
+        if is_int:
+            prnt('static int %s(unsigned long long *o)' % funcname)
+            prnt('{')
+            prnt('  int n = (%s) <= 0;' % (name,))
+            prnt('  *o = (unsigned long long)((%s) | 0);'
+                 '  /* check that %s is an integer */' % (name, name))
+            if check_value is not None:
+                if check_value > 0:
+                    check_value = '%dU' % (check_value,)
+                prnt('  if (!_cffi_check_int(*o, n, %s))' % (check_value,))
+                prnt('    n |= 2;')
+            prnt('  return n;')
+            prnt('}')
+        else:
+            assert check_value is None
+            prnt('static void %s(char *o)' % funcname)
+            prnt('{')
+            prnt('  *(%s)o = %s;' % (tp.get_c_name('*'), name))
+            prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_cpy_constant_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        is_int = tp.is_integer_type()
+        if not is_int or self.target_is_python:
+            self._do_collect_type(tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_constant_decl(self, tp, name):
+        is_int = tp.is_integer_type()
+        self._generate_cpy_const(is_int, name, tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_constant_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        if not self.target_is_python and tp.is_integer_type():
+            type_op = CffiOp(OP_CONSTANT_INT, -1)
+        else:
+            if self.target_is_python:
+                const_kind = OP_DLOPEN_CONST
+            else:
+                const_kind = OP_CONSTANT
+            type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+            type_op = CffiOp(const_kind, type_index)
+        self._lsts["global"].append(
+            GlobalExpr(name, '_cffi_const_%s' % name, type_op))
+
+    # ----------
+    # enums
+
+    def _generate_cpy_enum_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        self._do_collect_type(tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_enum_decl(self, tp, name=None):
+        for enumerator in tp.enumerators:
+            self._generate_cpy_const(True, enumerator)
+
+    def _enum_ctx(self, tp, cname):
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+        type_op = CffiOp(OP_ENUM, -1)
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            tp.check_not_partial()
+        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
+            self._lsts["global"].append(
+                GlobalExpr(enumerator, '_cffi_const_%s' % enumerator, type_op,
+                           check_value=enumvalue))
+        #
+        if cname is not None and '$' not in cname and not self.target_is_python:
+            size = "sizeof(%s)" % cname
+            signed = "((%s)-1) <= 0" % cname
+        else:
+            basetp = tp.build_baseinttype(self.ffi, [])
+            size = self.ffi.sizeof(basetp)
+            signed = int(int(self.ffi.cast(basetp, -1)) < 0)
+        allenums = ",".join(tp.enumerators)
+        self._lsts["enum"].append(
+            EnumExpr(tp.name, type_index, size, signed, allenums))
+
+    def _generate_cpy_enum_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        self._enum_ctx(tp, tp._get_c_name())
+
+    # ----------
+    # macros: for now only for integers
+
+    def _generate_cpy_macro_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        pass
+
+    def _generate_cpy_macro_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if tp == '...':
+            check_value = None
+        else:
+            check_value = tp     # an integer
+        self._generate_cpy_const(True, name, check_value=check_value)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_macro_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        if tp == '...':
+            if self.target_is_python:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "cannot use the syntax '...' in '#define %s ...' when "
+                    "using the ABI mode" % (name,))
+            check_value = None
+        else:
+            check_value = tp     # an integer
+        type_op = CffiOp(OP_CONSTANT_INT, -1)
+        self._lsts["global"].append(
+            GlobalExpr(name, '_cffi_const_%s' % name, type_op,
+                       check_value=check_value))
+
+    # ----------
+    # global variables
+
+    def _global_type(self, tp, global_name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            actual_length = tp.length
+            if actual_length == '...':
+                actual_length = '_cffi_array_len(%s)' % (global_name,)
+            tp_item = self._global_type(tp.item, '%s[0]' % global_name)
+            tp = model.ArrayType(tp_item, actual_length)
+        return tp
+
+    def _generate_cpy_variable_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        self._do_collect_type(self._global_type(tp, name))
+
+    def _generate_cpy_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        tp = self._global_type(tp, name)
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType) and tp.length is None:
+            tp = tp.item
+            ampersand = ''
+        else:
+            ampersand = '&'
+        # This code assumes that casts from "tp *" to "void *" is a
+        # no-op, i.e. a function that returns a "tp *" can be called
+        # as if it returned a "void *".  This should be generally true
+        # on any modern machine.  The only exception to that rule (on
+        # uncommon architectures, and as far as I can tell) might be
+        # if 'tp' were a function type, but that is not possible here.
+        # (If 'tp' is a function _pointer_ type, then casts from "fn_t
+        # **" to "void *" are again no-ops, as far as I can tell.)
+        decl = '*_cffi_var_%s(void)' % (name,)
+        prnt('static ' + tp.get_c_name(decl, quals=self._current_quals))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  return %s(%s);' % (ampersand, name))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_cpy_variable_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        tp = self._global_type(tp, name)
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            op = OP_GLOBAL_VAR
+        else:
+            op = OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F
+        self._lsts["global"].append(
+            GlobalExpr(name, '_cffi_var_%s' % name, CffiOp(op, type_index)))
+
+    # ----------
+    # extern "Python"
+
+    def _generate_cpy_extern_python_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        self._do_collect_type(tp)
+    _generate_cpy_dllexport_python_collecttype = \
+      _generate_cpy_extern_python_plus_c_collecttype = \
+      _generate_cpy_extern_python_collecttype
+
+    def _extern_python_decl(self, tp, name, tag_and_space):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        if isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            size_of_result = '0'
+        else:
+            context = 'result of %s' % name
+            size_of_result = '(int)sizeof(%s)' % (
+                tp.result.get_c_name('', context),)
+        prnt('static struct _cffi_externpy_s _cffi_externpy__%s =' % name)
+        prnt('  { "%s.%s", %s, 0, 0 };' % (
+            self.module_name, name, size_of_result))
+        prnt()
+        #
+        arguments = []
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            arg = type.get_c_name(' a%d' % i, context)
+            arguments.append(arg)
+        #
+        repr_arguments = ', '.join(arguments)
+        repr_arguments = repr_arguments or 'void'
+        name_and_arguments = '%s(%s)' % (name, repr_arguments)
+        if tp.abi == "__stdcall":
+            name_and_arguments = '_cffi_stdcall ' + name_and_arguments
+        #
+        def may_need_128_bits(tp):
+            return (isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and
+                    tp.name == 'long double')
+        #
+        size_of_a = max(len(tp.args)*8, 8)
+        if may_need_128_bits(tp.result):
+            size_of_a = max(size_of_a, 16)
+        if isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion):
+            size_of_a = 'sizeof(%s) > %d ? sizeof(%s) : %d' % (
+                tp.result.get_c_name(''), size_of_a,
+                tp.result.get_c_name(''), size_of_a)
+        prnt('%s%s' % (tag_and_space, tp.result.get_c_name(name_and_arguments)))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  char a[%s];' % size_of_a)
+        prnt('  char *p = a;')
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            arg = 'a%d' % i
+            if (isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnion) or
+                    may_need_128_bits(type)):
+                arg = '&' + arg
+                type = model.PointerType(type)
+            prnt('  *(%s)(p + %d) = %s;' % (type.get_c_name('*'), i*8, arg))
+        prnt('  _cffi_call_python(&_cffi_externpy__%s, p);' % name)
+        if not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            prnt('  return *(%s)p;' % (tp.result.get_c_name('*'),))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+        self._num_externpy += 1
+
+    def _generate_cpy_extern_python_decl(self, tp, name):
+        self._extern_python_decl(tp, name, 'static ')
+
+    def _generate_cpy_dllexport_python_decl(self, tp, name):
+        self._extern_python_decl(tp, name, 'CFFI_DLLEXPORT ')
+
+    def _generate_cpy_extern_python_plus_c_decl(self, tp, name):
+        self._extern_python_decl(tp, name, '')
+
+    def _generate_cpy_extern_python_ctx(self, tp, name):
+        if self.target_is_python:
+            raise VerificationError(
+                "cannot use 'extern \"Python\"' in the ABI mode")
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            raise NotImplementedError("a vararg function is extern \"Python\"")
+        type_index = self._typesdict[tp]
+        type_op = CffiOp(OP_EXTERN_PYTHON, type_index)
+        self._lsts["global"].append(
+            GlobalExpr(name, '&_cffi_externpy__%s' % name, type_op, name))
+
+    _generate_cpy_dllexport_python_ctx = \
+      _generate_cpy_extern_python_plus_c_ctx = \
+      _generate_cpy_extern_python_ctx
+
+    def _print_string_literal_in_array(self, s):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('// # NB. this is not a string because of a size limit in MSVC')
+        if not isinstance(s, bytes):    # unicode
+            s = s.encode('utf-8')       # -> bytes
+        else:
+            s.decode('utf-8')           # got bytes, check for valid utf-8
+        try:
+            s.decode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            s = b'# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-\n' + s
+        for line in s.splitlines(True):
+            comment = line
+            if type('//') is bytes:     # python2
+                line = map(ord, line)   #     make a list of integers
+            else:                       # python3
+                # type(line) is bytes, which enumerates like a list of integers
+                comment = ascii(comment)[1:-1]
+            prnt(('// ' + comment).rstrip())
+            printed_line = ''
+            for c in line:
+                if len(printed_line) >= 76:
+                    prnt(printed_line)
+                    printed_line = ''
+                printed_line += '%d,' % (c,)
+            prnt(printed_line)
+
+    # ----------
+    # emitting the opcodes for individual types
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_VoidType(self, tp, index):
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_PRIMITIVE, PRIM_VOID)
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_PrimitiveType(self, tp, index):
+        prim_index = PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX[tp.name]
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_PRIMITIVE, prim_index)
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_UnknownIntegerType(self, tp, index):
+        s = ('_cffi_prim_int(sizeof(%s), (\n'
+             '           ((%s)-1) | 0 /* check that %s is an integer type */\n'
+             '         ) <= 0)' % (tp.name, tp.name, tp.name))
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_PRIMITIVE, s)
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_UnknownFloatType(self, tp, index):
+        s = ('_cffi_prim_float(sizeof(%s) *\n'
+             '           (((%s)1) / 2) * 2 /* integer => 0, float => 1 */\n'
+             '         )' % (tp.name, tp.name))
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_PRIMITIVE, s)
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_RawFunctionType(self, tp, index):
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_FUNCTION, self._typesdict[tp.result])
+        index += 1
+        for tp1 in tp.args:
+            realindex = self._typesdict[tp1]
+            if index != realindex:
+                if isinstance(tp1, model.PrimitiveType):
+                    self._emit_bytecode_PrimitiveType(tp1, index)
+                else:
+                    self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_NOOP, realindex)
+            index += 1
+        flags = int(tp.ellipsis)
+        if tp.abi is not None:
+            if tp.abi == '__stdcall':
+                flags |= 2
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError("abi=%r" % (tp.abi,))
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_FUNCTION_END, flags)
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_PointerType(self, tp, index):
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_POINTER, self._typesdict[tp.totype])
+
+    _emit_bytecode_ConstPointerType = _emit_bytecode_PointerType
+    _emit_bytecode_NamedPointerType = _emit_bytecode_PointerType
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_FunctionPtrType(self, tp, index):
+        raw = tp.as_raw_function()
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_POINTER, self._typesdict[raw])
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_ArrayType(self, tp, index):
+        item_index = self._typesdict[tp.item]
+        if tp.length is None:
+            self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_OPEN_ARRAY, item_index)
+        elif tp.length == '...':
+            raise VerificationError(
+                "type %s badly placed: the '...' array length can only be "
+                "used on global arrays or on fields of structures" % (
+                    str(tp).replace('/*...*/', '...'),))
+        else:
+            assert self.cffi_types[index + 1] == 'LEN'
+            self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_ARRAY, item_index)
+            self.cffi_types[index + 1] = CffiOp(None, str(tp.length))
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_StructType(self, tp, index):
+        struct_index = self._struct_unions[tp]
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_STRUCT_UNION, struct_index)
+    _emit_bytecode_UnionType = _emit_bytecode_StructType
+
+    def _emit_bytecode_EnumType(self, tp, index):
+        enum_index = self._enums[tp]
+        self.cffi_types[index] = CffiOp(OP_ENUM, enum_index)
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+    NativeIO = io.StringIO
+else:
+    class NativeIO(io.BytesIO):
+        def write(self, s):
+            if isinstance(s, unicode):
+                s = s.encode('ascii')
+            super(NativeIO, self).write(s)
+
+def _is_file_like(maybefile):
+    # compare to xml.etree.ElementTree._get_writer
+    return hasattr(maybefile, 'write')
+
+def _make_c_or_py_source(ffi, module_name, preamble, target_file, verbose):
+    if verbose:
+        print("generating %s" % (target_file,))
+    recompiler = Recompiler(ffi, module_name,
+                            target_is_python=(preamble is None))
+    recompiler.collect_type_table()
+    recompiler.collect_step_tables()
+    if _is_file_like(target_file):
+        recompiler.write_source_to_f(target_file, preamble)
+        return True
+    f = NativeIO()
+    recompiler.write_source_to_f(f, preamble)
+    output = f.getvalue()
+    try:
+        with open(target_file, 'r') as f1:
+            if f1.read(len(output) + 1) != output:
+                raise IOError
+        if verbose:
+            print("(already up-to-date)")
+        return False     # already up-to-date
+    except IOError:
+        tmp_file = '%s.~%d' % (target_file, os.getpid())
+        with open(tmp_file, 'w') as f1:
+            f1.write(output)
+        try:
+            os.rename(tmp_file, target_file)
+        except OSError:
+            os.unlink(target_file)
+            os.rename(tmp_file, target_file)
+        return True
+
+def make_c_source(ffi, module_name, preamble, target_c_file, verbose=False):
+    assert preamble is not None
+    return _make_c_or_py_source(ffi, module_name, preamble, target_c_file,
+                                verbose)
+
+def make_py_source(ffi, module_name, target_py_file, verbose=False):
+    return _make_c_or_py_source(ffi, module_name, None, target_py_file,
+                                verbose)
+
+def _modname_to_file(outputdir, modname, extension):
+    parts = modname.split('.')
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(outputdir, *parts[:-1]))
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    parts[-1] += extension
+    return os.path.join(outputdir, *parts), parts
+
+
+# Aaargh.  Distutils is not tested at all for the purpose of compiling
+# DLLs that are not extension modules.  Here are some hacks to work
+# around that, in the _patch_for_*() functions...
+
+def _patch_meth(patchlist, cls, name, new_meth):
+    old = getattr(cls, name)
+    patchlist.append((cls, name, old))
+    setattr(cls, name, new_meth)
+    return old
+
+def _unpatch_meths(patchlist):
+    for cls, name, old_meth in reversed(patchlist):
+        setattr(cls, name, old_meth)
+
+def _patch_for_embedding(patchlist):
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        # we must not remove the manifest when building for embedding!
+        # FUTURE: this module was removed in setuptools 74; this is likely dead code and should be removed,
+        #  since the toolchain it supports (VS2005-2008) is also long dead.
+        from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import MSVCCompiler
+        if MSVCCompiler is not None:
+            _patch_meth(patchlist, MSVCCompiler, '_remove_visual_c_ref',
+                        lambda self, manifest_file: manifest_file)
+
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        # we must not make a '-bundle', but a '-dynamiclib' instead
+        from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import CCompiler
+        def my_link_shared_object(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '-bundle' in self.linker_so:
+                self.linker_so = list(self.linker_so)
+                i = self.linker_so.index('-bundle')
+                self.linker_so[i] = '-dynamiclib'
+            return old_link_shared_object(self, *args, **kwds)
+        old_link_shared_object = _patch_meth(patchlist, CCompiler,
+                                             'link_shared_object',
+                                             my_link_shared_object)
+
+def _patch_for_target(patchlist, target):
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import build_ext
+    # if 'target' is different from '*', we need to patch some internal
+    # method to just return this 'target' value, instead of having it
+    # built from module_name
+    if target.endswith('.*'):
+        target = target[:-2]
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            target += '.dll'
+        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            target += '.dylib'
+        else:
+            target += '.so'
+    _patch_meth(patchlist, build_ext, 'get_ext_filename',
+                lambda self, ext_name: target)
+
+
+def recompile(ffi, module_name, preamble, tmpdir='.', call_c_compiler=True,
+              c_file=None, source_extension='.c', extradir=None,
+              compiler_verbose=1, target=None, debug=None,
+              uses_ffiplatform=True, **kwds):
+    if not isinstance(module_name, str):
+        module_name = module_name.encode('ascii')
+    if ffi._windows_unicode:
+        ffi._apply_windows_unicode(kwds)
+    if preamble is not None:
+        if call_c_compiler and _is_file_like(c_file):
+            raise TypeError("Writing to file-like objects is not supported "
+                            "with call_c_compiler=True")
+        embedding = (ffi._embedding is not None)
+        if embedding:
+            ffi._apply_embedding_fix(kwds)
+        if c_file is None:
+            c_file, parts = _modname_to_file(tmpdir, module_name,
+                                             source_extension)
+            if extradir:
+                parts = [extradir] + parts
+            ext_c_file = os.path.join(*parts)
+        else:
+            ext_c_file = c_file
+        #
+        if target is None:
+            if embedding:
+                target = '%s.*' % module_name
+            else:
+                target = '*'
+        #
+        if uses_ffiplatform:
+            ext = ffiplatform.get_extension(ext_c_file, module_name, **kwds)
+        else:
+            ext = None
+        updated = make_c_source(ffi, module_name, preamble, c_file,
+                                verbose=compiler_verbose)
+        if call_c_compiler:
+            patchlist = []
+            cwd = os.getcwd()
+            try:
+                if embedding:
+                    _patch_for_embedding(patchlist)
+                if target != '*':
+                    _patch_for_target(patchlist, target)
+                if compiler_verbose:
+                    if tmpdir == '.':
+                        msg = 'the current directory is'
+                    else:
+                        msg = 'setting the current directory to'
+                    print('%s %r' % (msg, os.path.abspath(tmpdir)))
+                os.chdir(tmpdir)
+                outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile('.', ext,
+                                                     compiler_verbose, debug)
+            finally:
+                os.chdir(cwd)
+                _unpatch_meths(patchlist)
+            return outputfilename
+        else:
+            return ext, updated
+    else:
+        if c_file is None:
+            c_file, _ = _modname_to_file(tmpdir, module_name, '.py')
+        updated = make_py_source(ffi, module_name, c_file,
+                                 verbose=compiler_verbose)
+        if call_c_compiler:
+            return c_file
+        else:
+            return None, updated
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/setuptools_ext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/setuptools_ext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681b49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/setuptools_ext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+try:
+    basestring
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3.x
+    basestring = str
+
+def error(msg):
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import DistutilsSetupError
+    raise DistutilsSetupError(msg)
+
+
+def execfile(filename, glob):
+    # We use execfile() (here rewritten for Python 3) instead of
+    # __import__() to load the build script.  The problem with
+    # a normal import is that in some packages, the intermediate
+    # __init__.py files may already try to import the file that
+    # we are generating.
+    with open(filename) as f:
+        src = f.read()
+    src += '\n'      # Python 2.6 compatibility
+    code = compile(src, filename, 'exec')
+    exec(code, glob, glob)
+
+
+def add_cffi_module(dist, mod_spec):
+    from cffi.api import FFI
+
+    if not isinstance(mod_spec, basestring):
+        error("argument to 'cffi_modules=...' must be a str or a list of str,"
+              " not %r" % (type(mod_spec).__name__,))
+    mod_spec = str(mod_spec)
+    try:
+        build_file_name, ffi_var_name = mod_spec.split(':')
+    except ValueError:
+        error("%r must be of the form 'path/build.py:ffi_variable'" %
+              (mod_spec,))
+    if not os.path.exists(build_file_name):
+        ext = ''
+        rewritten = build_file_name.replace('.', '/') + '.py'
+        if os.path.exists(rewritten):
+            ext = ' (rewrite cffi_modules to [%r])' % (
+                rewritten + ':' + ffi_var_name,)
+        error("%r does not name an existing file%s" % (build_file_name, ext))
+
+    mod_vars = {'__name__': '__cffi__', '__file__': build_file_name}
+    execfile(build_file_name, mod_vars)
+
+    try:
+        ffi = mod_vars[ffi_var_name]
+    except KeyError:
+        error("%r: object %r not found in module" % (mod_spec,
+                                                     ffi_var_name))
+    if not isinstance(ffi, FFI):
+        ffi = ffi()      # maybe it's a function instead of directly an ffi
+    if not isinstance(ffi, FFI):
+        error("%r is not an FFI instance (got %r)" % (mod_spec,
+                                                      type(ffi).__name__))
+    if not hasattr(ffi, '_assigned_source'):
+        error("%r: the set_source() method was not called" % (mod_spec,))
+    module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = ffi._assigned_source
+    if ffi._windows_unicode:
+        kwds = kwds.copy()
+        ffi._apply_windows_unicode(kwds)
+
+    if source is None:
+        _add_py_module(dist, ffi, module_name)
+    else:
+        _add_c_module(dist, ffi, module_name, source, source_extension, kwds)
+
+def _set_py_limited_api(Extension, kwds):
+    """
+    Add py_limited_api to kwds if setuptools >= 26 is in use.
+    Do not alter the setting if it already exists.
+    Setuptools takes care of ignoring the flag on Python 2 and PyPy.
+
+    CPython itself should ignore the flag in a debugging version
+    (by not listing .abi3.so in the extensions it supports), but
+    it doesn't so far, creating troubles.  That's why we check
+    for "not hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')" (the 2.7 compatible equivalent
+    of 'd' not in sys.abiflags). (http://bugs.python.org/issue28401)
+
+    On Windows, with CPython <= 3.4, it's better not to use py_limited_api
+    because virtualenv *still* doesn't copy PYTHON3.DLL on these versions.
+    Recently (2020) we started shipping only >= 3.5 wheels, though.  So
+    we'll give it another try and set py_limited_api on Windows >= 3.5.
+    """
+    from cffi import recompiler
+
+    if ('py_limited_api' not in kwds and not hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')
+            and recompiler.USE_LIMITED_API):
+        import setuptools
+        try:
+            setuptools_major_version = int(setuptools.__version__.partition('.')[0])
+            if setuptools_major_version >= 26:
+                kwds['py_limited_api'] = True
+        except ValueError:  # certain development versions of setuptools
+            # If we don't know the version number of setuptools, we
+            # try to set 'py_limited_api' anyway.  At worst, we get a
+            # warning.
+            kwds['py_limited_api'] = True
+    return kwds
+
+def _add_c_module(dist, ffi, module_name, source, source_extension, kwds):
+    # We are a setuptools extension. Need this build_ext for py_limited_api.
+    from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import Extension, log, mkpath
+    from cffi import recompiler
+
+    allsources = ['$PLACEHOLDER']
+    allsources.extend(kwds.pop('sources', []))
+    kwds = _set_py_limited_api(Extension, kwds)
+    ext = Extension(name=module_name, sources=allsources, **kwds)
+
+    def make_mod(tmpdir, pre_run=None):
+        c_file = os.path.join(tmpdir, module_name + source_extension)
+        log.info("generating cffi module %r" % c_file)
+        mkpath(tmpdir)
+        # a setuptools-only, API-only hook: called with the "ext" and "ffi"
+        # arguments just before we turn the ffi into C code.  To use it,
+        # subclass the 'distutils.command.build_ext.build_ext' class and
+        # add a method 'def pre_run(self, ext, ffi)'.
+        if pre_run is not None:
+            pre_run(ext, ffi)
+        updated = recompiler.make_c_source(ffi, module_name, source, c_file)
+        if not updated:
+            log.info("already up-to-date")
+        return c_file
+
+    if dist.ext_modules is None:
+        dist.ext_modules = []
+    dist.ext_modules.append(ext)
+
+    base_class = dist.cmdclass.get('build_ext', build_ext)
+    class build_ext_make_mod(base_class):
+        def run(self):
+            if ext.sources[0] == '$PLACEHOLDER':
+                pre_run = getattr(self, 'pre_run', None)
+                ext.sources[0] = make_mod(self.build_temp, pre_run)
+            base_class.run(self)
+    dist.cmdclass['build_ext'] = build_ext_make_mod
+    # NB. multiple runs here will create multiple 'build_ext_make_mod'
+    # classes.  Even in this case the 'build_ext' command should be
+    # run once; but just in case, the logic above does nothing if
+    # called again.
+
+
+def _add_py_module(dist, ffi, module_name):
+    from setuptools.command.build_py import build_py
+    from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
+    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import log, mkpath
+    from cffi import recompiler
+
+    def generate_mod(py_file):
+        log.info("generating cffi module %r" % py_file)
+        mkpath(os.path.dirname(py_file))
+        updated = recompiler.make_py_source(ffi, module_name, py_file)
+        if not updated:
+            log.info("already up-to-date")
+
+    base_class = dist.cmdclass.get('build_py', build_py)
+    class build_py_make_mod(base_class):
+        def run(self):
+            base_class.run(self)
+            module_path = module_name.split('.')
+            module_path[-1] += '.py'
+            generate_mod(os.path.join(self.build_lib, *module_path))
+        def get_source_files(self):
+            # This is called from 'setup.py sdist' only.  Exclude
+            # the generate .py module in this case.
+            saved_py_modules = self.py_modules
+            try:
+                if saved_py_modules:
+                    self.py_modules = [m for m in saved_py_modules
+                                         if m != module_name]
+                return base_class.get_source_files(self)
+            finally:
+                self.py_modules = saved_py_modules
+    dist.cmdclass['build_py'] = build_py_make_mod
+
+    # distutils and setuptools have no notion I could find of a
+    # generated python module.  If we don't add module_name to
+    # dist.py_modules, then things mostly work but there are some
+    # combination of options (--root and --record) that will miss
+    # the module.  So we add it here, which gives a few apparently
+    # harmless warnings about not finding the file outside the
+    # build directory.
+    # Then we need to hack more in get_source_files(); see above.
+    if dist.py_modules is None:
+        dist.py_modules = []
+    dist.py_modules.append(module_name)
+
+    # the following is only for "build_ext -i"
+    base_class_2 = dist.cmdclass.get('build_ext', build_ext)
+    class build_ext_make_mod(base_class_2):
+        def run(self):
+            base_class_2.run(self)
+            if self.inplace:
+                # from get_ext_fullpath() in distutils/command/build_ext.py
+                module_path = module_name.split('.')
+                package = '.'.join(module_path[:-1])
+                build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')
+                package_dir = build_py.get_package_dir(package)
+                file_name = module_path[-1] + '.py'
+                generate_mod(os.path.join(package_dir, file_name))
+    dist.cmdclass['build_ext'] = build_ext_make_mod
+
+def cffi_modules(dist, attr, value):
+    assert attr == 'cffi_modules'
+    if isinstance(value, basestring):
+        value = [value]
+
+    for cffi_module in value:
+        add_cffi_module(dist, cffi_module)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_cpy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_cpy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb0b6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_cpy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+#
+# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
+#
+import sys
+from . import model
+from .error import VerificationError
+from . import _imp_emulation as imp
+
+
+class VCPythonEngine(object):
+    _class_key = 'x'
+    _gen_python_module = True
+
+    def __init__(self, verifier):
+        self.verifier = verifier
+        self.ffi = verifier.ffi
+        self._struct_pending_verification = {}
+        self._types_of_builtin_functions = {}
+
+    def patch_extension_kwds(self, kwds):
+        pass
+
+    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
+        try:
+            f, filename, descr = imp.find_module(module_name, path)
+        except ImportError:
+            return None
+        if f is not None:
+            f.close()
+        # Note that after a setuptools installation, there are both .py
+        # and .so files with the same basename.  The code here relies on
+        # imp.find_module() locating the .so in priority.
+        if descr[0] not in so_suffixes:
+            return None
+        return filename
+
+    def collect_types(self):
+        self._typesdict = {}
+        self._generate("collecttype")
+
+    def _prnt(self, what=''):
+        self._f.write(what + '\n')
+
+    def _gettypenum(self, type):
+        # a KeyError here is a bug.  please report it! :-)
+        return self._typesdict[type]
+
+    def _do_collect_type(self, tp):
+        if ((not isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType)
+             or tp.name == 'long double')
+                and tp not in self._typesdict):
+            num = len(self._typesdict)
+            self._typesdict[tp] = num
+
+    def write_source_to_f(self):
+        self.collect_types()
+        #
+        # The new module will have a _cffi_setup() function that receives
+        # objects from the ffi world, and that calls some setup code in
+        # the module.  This setup code is split in several independent
+        # functions, e.g. one per constant.  The functions are "chained"
+        # by ending in a tail call to each other.
+        #
+        # This is further split in two chained lists, depending on if we
+        # can do it at import-time or if we must wait for _cffi_setup() to
+        # provide us with the <ctype> objects.  This is needed because we
+        # need the values of the enum constants in order to build the
+        # <ctype 'enum'> that we may have to pass to _cffi_setup().
+        #
+        # The following two 'chained_list_constants' items contains
+        # the head of these two chained lists, as a string that gives the
+        # call to do, if any.
+        self._chained_list_constants = ['((void)lib,0)', '((void)lib,0)']
+        #
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        # first paste some standard set of lines that are mostly '#define'
+        prnt(cffimod_header)
+        prnt()
+        # then paste the C source given by the user, verbatim.
+        prnt(self.verifier.preamble)
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # call generate_cpy_xxx_decl(), for every xxx found from
+        # ffi._parser._declarations.  This generates all the functions.
+        self._generate("decl")
+        #
+        # implement the function _cffi_setup_custom() as calling the
+        # head of the chained list.
+        self._generate_setup_custom()
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # produce the method table, including the entries for the
+        # generated Python->C function wrappers, which are done
+        # by generate_cpy_function_method().
+        prnt('static PyMethodDef _cffi_methods[] = {')
+        self._generate("method")
+        prnt('  {"_cffi_setup", _cffi_setup, METH_VARARGS, NULL},')
+        prnt('  {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}    /* Sentinel */')
+        prnt('};')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        # standard init.
+        modname = self.verifier.get_module_name()
+        constants = self._chained_list_constants[False]
+        prnt('#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('static struct PyModuleDef _cffi_module_def = {')
+        prnt('  PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,')
+        prnt('  "%s",' % modname)
+        prnt('  NULL,')
+        prnt('  -1,')
+        prnt('  _cffi_methods,')
+        prnt('  NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL')
+        prnt('};')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('PyInit_%s(void)' % modname)
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  PyObject *lib;')
+        prnt('  lib = PyModule_Create(&_cffi_module_def);')
+        prnt('  if (lib == NULL)')
+        prnt('    return NULL;')
+        prnt('  if (%s < 0 || _cffi_init() < 0) {' % (constants,))
+        prnt('    Py_DECREF(lib);')
+        prnt('    return NULL;')
+        prnt('  }')
+        prnt('  return lib;')
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('#else')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('PyMODINIT_FUNC')
+        prnt('init%s(void)' % modname)
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  PyObject *lib;')
+        prnt('  lib = Py_InitModule("%s", _cffi_methods);' % modname)
+        prnt('  if (lib == NULL)')
+        prnt('    return;')
+        prnt('  if (%s < 0 || _cffi_init() < 0)' % (constants,))
+        prnt('    return;')
+        prnt('  return;')
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+        prnt('#endif')
+
+    def load_library(self, flags=None):
+        # XXX review all usages of 'self' here!
+        # import it as a new extension module
+        imp.acquire_lock()
+        try:
+            if hasattr(sys, "getdlopenflags"):
+                previous_flags = sys.getdlopenflags()
+            try:
+                if hasattr(sys, "setdlopenflags") and flags is not None:
+                    sys.setdlopenflags(flags)
+                module = imp.load_dynamic(self.verifier.get_module_name(),
+                                          self.verifier.modulefilename)
+            except ImportError as e:
+                error = "importing %r: %s" % (self.verifier.modulefilename, e)
+                raise VerificationError(error)
+            finally:
+                if hasattr(sys, "setdlopenflags"):
+                    sys.setdlopenflags(previous_flags)
+        finally:
+            imp.release_lock()
+        #
+        # call loading_cpy_struct() to get the struct layout inferred by
+        # the C compiler
+        self._load(module, 'loading')
+        #
+        # the C code will need the <ctype> objects.  Collect them in
+        # order in a list.
+        revmapping = dict([(value, key)
+                           for (key, value) in self._typesdict.items()])
+        lst = [revmapping[i] for i in range(len(revmapping))]
+        lst = list(map(self.ffi._get_cached_btype, lst))
+        #
+        # build the FFILibrary class and instance and call _cffi_setup().
+        # this will set up some fields like '_cffi_types', and only then
+        # it will invoke the chained list of functions that will really
+        # build (notably) the constant objects, as <cdata> if they are
+        # pointers, and store them as attributes on the 'library' object.
+        class FFILibrary(object):
+            _cffi_python_module = module
+            _cffi_ffi = self.ffi
+            _cffi_dir = []
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return FFILibrary._cffi_dir + list(self.__dict__)
+        library = FFILibrary()
+        if module._cffi_setup(lst, VerificationError, library):
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn("reimporting %r might overwrite older definitions"
+                          % (self.verifier.get_module_name()))
+        #
+        # finally, call the loaded_cpy_xxx() functions.  This will perform
+        # the final adjustments, like copying the Python->C wrapper
+        # functions from the module to the 'library' object, and setting
+        # up the FFILibrary class with properties for the global C variables.
+        self._load(module, 'loaded', library=library)
+        module._cffi_original_ffi = self.ffi
+        module._cffi_types_of_builtin_funcs = self._types_of_builtin_functions
+        return library
+
+    def _get_declarations(self):
+        lst = [(key, tp) for (key, (tp, qual)) in
+                                self.ffi._parser._declarations.items()]
+        lst.sort()
+        return lst
+
+    def _generate(self, step_name):
+        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
+            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
+            try:
+                method = getattr(self, '_generate_cpy_%s_%s' % (kind,
+                                                                step_name))
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "not implemented in verify(): %r" % name)
+            try:
+                method(tp, realname)
+            except Exception as e:
+                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
+                raise
+
+    def _load(self, module, step_name, **kwds):
+        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
+            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
+            method = getattr(self, '_%s_cpy_%s' % (step_name, kind))
+            try:
+                method(tp, realname, module, **kwds)
+            except Exception as e:
+                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
+                raise
+
+    def _generate_nothing(self, tp, name):
+        pass
+
+    def _loaded_noop(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        pass
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def _convert_funcarg_to_c(self, tp, fromvar, tovar, errcode):
+        extraarg = ''
+        if isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType):
+            if tp.is_integer_type() and tp.name != '_Bool':
+                converter = '_cffi_to_c_int'
+                extraarg = ', %s' % tp.name
+            elif tp.is_complex_type():
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "not implemented in verify(): complex types")
+            else:
+                converter = '(%s)_cffi_to_c_%s' % (tp.get_c_name(''),
+                                                   tp.name.replace(' ', '_'))
+            errvalue = '-1'
+        #
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.PointerType):
+            self._convert_funcarg_to_c_ptr_or_array(tp, fromvar,
+                                                    tovar, errcode)
+            return
+        #
+        elif isinstance(tp, (model.StructOrUnion, model.EnumType)):
+            # a struct (not a struct pointer) as a function argument
+            self._prnt('  if (_cffi_to_c((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d), %s) < 0)'
+                      % (tovar, self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar))
+            self._prnt('    %s;' % errcode)
+            return
+        #
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType):
+            converter = '(%s)_cffi_to_c_pointer' % tp.get_c_name('')
+            extraarg = ', _cffi_type(%d)' % self._gettypenum(tp)
+            errvalue = 'NULL'
+        #
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(tp)
+        #
+        self._prnt('  %s = %s(%s%s);' % (tovar, converter, fromvar, extraarg))
+        self._prnt('  if (%s == (%s)%s && PyErr_Occurred())' % (
+            tovar, tp.get_c_name(''), errvalue))
+        self._prnt('    %s;' % errcode)
+
+    def _extra_local_variables(self, tp, localvars, freelines):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.PointerType):
+            localvars.add('Py_ssize_t datasize')
+            localvars.add('struct _cffi_freeme_s *large_args_free = NULL')
+            freelines.add('if (large_args_free != NULL)'
+                          ' _cffi_free_array_arguments(large_args_free);')
+
+    def _convert_funcarg_to_c_ptr_or_array(self, tp, fromvar, tovar, errcode):
+        self._prnt('  datasize = _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument(')
+        self._prnt('      _cffi_type(%d), %s, (char **)&%s);' % (
+            self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar, tovar))
+        self._prnt('  if (datasize != 0) {')
+        self._prnt('    %s = ((size_t)datasize) <= 640 ? '
+                   'alloca((size_t)datasize) : NULL;' % (tovar,))
+        self._prnt('    if (_cffi_convert_array_argument(_cffi_type(%d), %s, '
+                   '(char **)&%s,' % (self._gettypenum(tp), fromvar, tovar))
+        self._prnt('            datasize, &large_args_free) < 0)')
+        self._prnt('      %s;' % errcode)
+        self._prnt('  }')
+
+    def _convert_expr_from_c(self, tp, var, context):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType):
+            if tp.is_integer_type() and tp.name != '_Bool':
+                return '_cffi_from_c_int(%s, %s)' % (var, tp.name)
+            elif tp.name != 'long double':
+                return '_cffi_from_c_%s(%s)' % (tp.name.replace(' ', '_'), var)
+            else:
+                return '_cffi_from_c_deref((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                    var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, (model.PointerType, model.FunctionPtrType)):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(model.PointerType(tp.item)))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+            if tp.fldnames is None:
+                raise TypeError("'%s' is used as %s, but is opaque" % (
+                    tp._get_c_name(), context))
+            return '_cffi_from_c_struct((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        elif isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            return '_cffi_from_c_deref((char *)&%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(tp)
+
+    # ----------
+    # typedefs: generates no code so far
+
+    _generate_cpy_typedef_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+    _generate_cpy_typedef_decl   = _generate_nothing
+    _generate_cpy_typedef_method = _generate_nothing
+    _loading_cpy_typedef         = _loaded_noop
+    _loaded_cpy_typedef          = _loaded_noop
+
+    # ----------
+    # function declarations
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            self._do_collect_type(tp)
+        else:
+            # don't call _do_collect_type(tp) in this common case,
+            # otherwise test_autofilled_struct_as_argument fails
+            for type in tp.args:
+                self._do_collect_type(type)
+            self._do_collect_type(tp.result)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            # cannot support vararg functions better than this: check for its
+            # exact type (including the fixed arguments), and build it as a
+            # constant function pointer (no CPython wrapper)
+            self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp)
+            return
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        numargs = len(tp.args)
+        if numargs == 0:
+            argname = 'noarg'
+        elif numargs == 1:
+            argname = 'arg0'
+        else:
+            argname = 'args'
+        prnt('static PyObject *')
+        prnt('_cffi_f_%s(PyObject *self, PyObject *%s)' % (name, argname))
+        prnt('{')
+        #
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            prnt('  %s;' % type.get_c_name(' x%d' % i, context))
+        #
+        localvars = set()
+        freelines = set()
+        for type in tp.args:
+            self._extra_local_variables(type, localvars, freelines)
+        for decl in sorted(localvars):
+            prnt('  %s;' % (decl,))
+        #
+        if not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            result_code = 'result = '
+            context = 'result of %s' % name
+            prnt('  %s;' % tp.result.get_c_name(' result', context))
+            prnt('  PyObject *pyresult;')
+        else:
+            result_code = ''
+        #
+        if len(tp.args) > 1:
+            rng = range(len(tp.args))
+            for i in rng:
+                prnt('  PyObject *arg%d;' % i)
+            prnt()
+            prnt('  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "%s:%s", %s))' % (
+                'O' * numargs, name, ', '.join(['&arg%d' % i for i in rng])))
+            prnt('    return NULL;')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            self._convert_funcarg_to_c(type, 'arg%d' % i, 'x%d' % i,
+                                       'return NULL')
+            prnt()
+        #
+        prnt('  Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS')
+        prnt('  _cffi_restore_errno();')
+        prnt('  { %s%s(%s); }' % (
+            result_code, name,
+            ', '.join(['x%d' % i for i in range(len(tp.args))])))
+        prnt('  _cffi_save_errno();')
+        prnt('  Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS')
+        prnt()
+        #
+        prnt('  (void)self; /* unused */')
+        if numargs == 0:
+            prnt('  (void)noarg; /* unused */')
+        if result_code:
+            prnt('  pyresult = %s;' %
+                 self._convert_expr_from_c(tp.result, 'result', 'result type'))
+            for freeline in freelines:
+                prnt('  ' + freeline)
+            prnt('  return pyresult;')
+        else:
+            for freeline in freelines:
+                prnt('  ' + freeline)
+            prnt('  Py_INCREF(Py_None);')
+            prnt('  return Py_None;')
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_cpy_function_method(self, tp, name):
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            return
+        numargs = len(tp.args)
+        if numargs == 0:
+            meth = 'METH_NOARGS'
+        elif numargs == 1:
+            meth = 'METH_O'
+        else:
+            meth = 'METH_VARARGS'
+        self._prnt('  {"%s", _cffi_f_%s, %s, NULL},' % (name, name, meth))
+
+    _loading_cpy_function = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _loaded_cpy_function(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            return
+        func = getattr(module, name)
+        setattr(library, name, func)
+        self._types_of_builtin_functions[func] = tp
+
+    # ----------
+    # named structs
+
+    _generate_cpy_struct_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+    def _generate_cpy_struct_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert name == tp.name
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'struct', name)
+    def _generate_cpy_struct_method(self, tp, name):
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_method(tp, 'struct', name)
+    def _loading_cpy_struct(self, tp, name, module):
+        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'struct', name, module)
+    def _loaded_cpy_struct(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    _generate_cpy_union_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+    def _generate_cpy_union_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert name == tp.name
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'union', name)
+    def _generate_cpy_union_method(self, tp, name):
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_method(tp, 'union', name)
+    def _loading_cpy_union(self, tp, name, module):
+        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'union', name, module)
+    def _loaded_cpy_union(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    def _generate_struct_or_union_decl(self, tp, prefix, name):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        checkfuncname = '_cffi_check_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
+        #
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('static void %s(%s *p)' % (checkfuncname, cname))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  /* only to generate compile-time warnings or errors */')
+        prnt('  (void)p;')
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+            if (isinstance(ftype, model.PrimitiveType)
+                and ftype.is_integer_type()) or fbitsize >= 0:
+                # accept all integers, but complain on float or double
+                prnt('  (void)((p->%s) << 1);' % fname)
+            else:
+                # only accept exactly the type declared.
+                try:
+                    prnt('  { %s = &p->%s; (void)tmp; }' % (
+                        ftype.get_c_name('*tmp', 'field %r'%fname, quals=fqual),
+                        fname))
+                except VerificationError as e:
+                    prnt('  /* %s */' % str(e))   # cannot verify it, ignore
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt('static PyObject *')
+        prnt('%s(PyObject *self, PyObject *noarg)' % (layoutfuncname,))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  struct _cffi_aligncheck { char x; %s y; };' % cname)
+        prnt('  static Py_ssize_t nums[] = {')
+        prnt('    sizeof(%s),' % cname)
+        prnt('    offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+            if fbitsize >= 0:
+                continue      # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
+            prnt('    offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
+            if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                prnt('    0,  /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
+            else:
+                prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
+        prnt('    -1')
+        prnt('  };')
+        prnt('  (void)self; /* unused */')
+        prnt('  (void)noarg; /* unused */')
+        prnt('  return _cffi_get_struct_layout(nums);')
+        prnt('  /* the next line is not executed, but compiled */')
+        prnt('  %s(0);' % (checkfuncname,))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_struct_or_union_method(self, tp, prefix, name):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        self._prnt('  {"%s", %s, METH_NOARGS, NULL},' % (layoutfuncname,
+                                                         layoutfuncname))
+
+    def _loading_struct_or_union(self, tp, prefix, name, module):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        #
+        function = getattr(module, layoutfuncname)
+        layout = function()
+        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
+            # use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
+            # layout of the struct
+            totalsize = layout[0]
+            totalalignment = layout[1]
+            fieldofs = layout[2::2]
+            fieldsize = layout[3::2]
+            tp.force_flatten()
+            assert len(fieldofs) == len(fieldsize) == len(tp.fldnames)
+            tp.fixedlayout = fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment
+        else:
+            cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
+            self._struct_pending_verification[tp] = layout, cname
+
+    def _loaded_struct_or_union(self, tp):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)   # force 'fixedlayout' to be considered
+
+        if tp in self._struct_pending_verification:
+            # check that the layout sizes and offsets match the real ones
+            def check(realvalue, expectedvalue, msg):
+                if realvalue != expectedvalue:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "%s (we have %d, but C compiler says %d)"
+                        % (msg, expectedvalue, realvalue))
+            ffi = self.ffi
+            BStruct = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+            layout, cname = self._struct_pending_verification.pop(tp)
+            check(layout[0], ffi.sizeof(BStruct), "wrong total size")
+            check(layout[1], ffi.alignof(BStruct), "wrong total alignment")
+            i = 2
+            for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+                if fbitsize >= 0:
+                    continue        # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
+                check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
+                      "wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
+                if layout[i+1] != 0:
+                    BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
+                    check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
+                          "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
+                i += 2
+            assert i == len(layout)
+
+    # ----------
+    # 'anonymous' declarations.  These are produced for anonymous structs
+    # or unions; the 'name' is obtained by a typedef.
+
+    _generate_cpy_anonymous_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+
+    def _generate_cpy_anonymous_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._generate_cpy_enum_decl(tp, name, '')
+        else:
+            self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, '', name)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_anonymous_method(self, tp, name):
+        if not isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._generate_struct_or_union_method(tp, '', name)
+
+    def _loading_cpy_anonymous(self, tp, name, module):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._loading_cpy_enum(tp, name, module)
+        else:
+            self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, '', name, module)
+
+    def _loaded_cpy_anonymous(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._loaded_cpy_enum(tp, name, module, **kwds)
+        else:
+            self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    # ----------
+    # constants, likely declared with '#define'
+
+    def _generate_cpy_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
+                            vartp=None, delayed=True, size_too=False,
+                            check_value=None):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
+        prnt('static int %s(PyObject *lib)' % funcname)
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  PyObject *o;')
+        prnt('  int res;')
+        if not is_int:
+            prnt('  %s;' % (vartp or tp).get_c_name(' i', name))
+        else:
+            assert category == 'const'
+        #
+        if check_value is not None:
+            self._check_int_constant_value(name, check_value)
+        #
+        if not is_int:
+            if category == 'var':
+                realexpr = '&' + name
+            else:
+                realexpr = name
+            prnt('  i = (%s);' % (realexpr,))
+            prnt('  o = %s;' % (self._convert_expr_from_c(tp, 'i',
+                                                          'variable type'),))
+            assert delayed
+        else:
+            prnt('  o = _cffi_from_c_int_const(%s);' % name)
+        prnt('  if (o == NULL)')
+        prnt('    return -1;')
+        if size_too:
+            prnt('  {')
+            prnt('    PyObject *o1 = o;')
+            prnt('    o = Py_BuildValue("On", o1, (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(%s));'
+                 % (name,))
+            prnt('    Py_DECREF(o1);')
+            prnt('    if (o == NULL)')
+            prnt('      return -1;')
+            prnt('  }')
+        prnt('  res = PyObject_SetAttrString(lib, "%s", o);' % name)
+        prnt('  Py_DECREF(o);')
+        prnt('  if (res < 0)')
+        prnt('    return -1;')
+        prnt('  return %s;' % self._chained_list_constants[delayed])
+        self._chained_list_constants[delayed] = funcname + '(lib)'
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_cpy_constant_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
+        if not is_int:
+            self._do_collect_type(tp)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_constant_decl(self, tp, name):
+        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
+        self._generate_cpy_const(is_int, name, tp)
+
+    _generate_cpy_constant_method = _generate_nothing
+    _loading_cpy_constant = _loaded_noop
+    _loaded_cpy_constant  = _loaded_noop
+
+    # ----------
+    # enums
+
+    def _check_int_constant_value(self, name, value, err_prefix=''):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        if value <= 0:
+            prnt('  if ((%s) > 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
+                name, name, value))
+        else:
+            prnt('  if ((%s) <= 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
+                name, name, value))
+        prnt('    char buf[64];')
+        prnt('    if ((%s) <= 0)' % name)
+        prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % name)
+        prnt('    else')
+        prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
+             name)
+        prnt('    PyErr_Format(_cffi_VerificationError,')
+        prnt('                 "%s%s has the real value %s, not %s",')
+        prnt('                 "%s", "%s", buf, "%d");' % (
+            err_prefix, name, value))
+        prnt('    return -1;')
+        prnt('  }')
+
+    def _enum_funcname(self, prefix, name):
+        # "$enum_$1" => "___D_enum____D_1"
+        name = name.replace('$', '___D_')
+        return '_cffi_e_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_enum_decl(self, tp, name, prefix='enum'):
+        if tp.partial:
+            for enumerator in tp.enumerators:
+                self._generate_cpy_const(True, enumerator, delayed=False)
+            return
+        #
+        funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('static int %s(PyObject *lib)' % funcname)
+        prnt('{')
+        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
+            self._check_int_constant_value(enumerator, enumvalue,
+                                           "enum %s: " % name)
+        prnt('  return %s;' % self._chained_list_constants[True])
+        self._chained_list_constants[True] = funcname + '(lib)'
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    _generate_cpy_enum_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+    _generate_cpy_enum_method = _generate_nothing
+
+    def _loading_cpy_enum(self, tp, name, module):
+        if tp.partial:
+            enumvalues = [getattr(module, enumerator)
+                          for enumerator in tp.enumerators]
+            tp.enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
+            tp.partial_resolved = True
+
+    def _loaded_cpy_enum(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
+            setattr(library, enumerator, enumvalue)
+
+    # ----------
+    # macros: for now only for integers
+
+    def _generate_cpy_macro_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if tp == '...':
+            check_value = None
+        else:
+            check_value = tp     # an integer
+        self._generate_cpy_const(True, name, check_value=check_value)
+
+    _generate_cpy_macro_collecttype = _generate_nothing
+    _generate_cpy_macro_method = _generate_nothing
+    _loading_cpy_macro = _loaded_noop
+    _loaded_cpy_macro  = _loaded_noop
+
+    # ----------
+    # global variables
+
+    def _generate_cpy_variable_collecttype(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
+        else:
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
+        self._do_collect_type(tp_ptr)
+
+    def _generate_cpy_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
+            self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp, vartp=tp_ptr,
+                                     size_too = tp.length_is_unknown())
+        else:
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
+            self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp_ptr, category='var')
+
+    _generate_cpy_variable_method = _generate_nothing
+    _loading_cpy_variable = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _loaded_cpy_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        value = getattr(library, name)
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):   # int a[5] is "constant" in the
+                                              # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
+            if tp.length_is_unknown():
+                assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+                (value, size) = value
+                BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
+                length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
+                if rest != 0:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
+                        (name, tp.item))
+                tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
+            # 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
+            # a <cdata 'type[N]'> if the N is actually known
+            if tp.length is not None:
+                BArray = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+                value = self.ffi.cast(BArray, value)
+                setattr(library, name, value)
+            return
+        # remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
+        # it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
+        ptr = value
+        delattr(library, name)
+        def getter(library):
+            return ptr[0]
+        def setter(library, value):
+            ptr[0] = value
+        setattr(type(library), name, property(getter, setter))
+        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def _generate_setup_custom(self):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('static int _cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib)')
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  return %s;' % self._chained_list_constants[True])
+        prnt('}')
+
+cffimod_header = r'''
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
+   c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
+   and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+# include <malloc.h>   /* for alloca() */
+# if _MSC_VER < 1600   /* MSVC < 2010 */
+   typedef __int8 int8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
+   typedef __int64 intmax_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
+# else
+#  include <stdint.h>
+# endif
+# if _MSC_VER < 1800   /* MSVC < 2013 */
+#  ifndef __cplusplus
+    typedef unsigned char _Bool;
+#  endif
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   _Fcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  _Dcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+#else
+# include <stdint.h>
+# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
+#  include <alloca.h>
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   float _Complex
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  double _Complex
+#endif
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+# undef PyCapsule_CheckExact
+# undef PyCapsule_GetPointer
+# define PyCapsule_CheckExact(capsule) (PyCObject_Check(capsule))
+# define PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, name) \
+    (PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(capsule))
+#endif
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+# define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#endif
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_double PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_float PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_long PyInt_FromLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulong PyLong_FromUnsignedLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_longlong PyLong_FromLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulonglong PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c__Bool PyBool_FromLong
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_double PyFloat_AsDouble
+#define _cffi_to_c_float PyFloat_AsDouble
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_int_const(x)                                        \
+    (((x) > 0) ?                                                         \
+        ((unsigned long long)(x) <= (unsigned long long)LONG_MAX) ?      \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)(x)) :                                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)(x)) :       \
+        ((long long)(x) >= (long long)LONG_MIN) ?                        \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)(x)) :                                  \
+            PyLong_FromLongLong((long long)(x)))
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_int(x, type)                                        \
+    (((type)-1) > 0 ? /* unsigned */                                     \
+        (sizeof(type) < sizeof(long) ?                                   \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+         sizeof(type) == sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)x) :                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)x)) :        \
+        (sizeof(type) <= sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+            PyLong_FromLongLong((long long)x)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_int(o, type)                                          \
+    ((type)(                                                             \
+     sizeof(type) == 1 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u8(o)        \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i8(o)) :     \
+     sizeof(type) == 2 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u16(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i16(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 4 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u32(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i32(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 8 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u64(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i64(o)) :    \
+     (Py_FatalError("unsupported size for type " #type), (type)0)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_i8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[1])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[2])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[3])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[4])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i32                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[5])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u32                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[6])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i64                                                   \
+                 ((long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[7])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u64                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[8])
+#define _cffi_to_c_char                                                  \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[9])
+#define _cffi_from_c_pointer                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, CTypeDescrObject *))_cffi_exports[10])
+#define _cffi_to_c_pointer                                               \
+    ((char *(*)(PyObject *, CTypeDescrObject *))_cffi_exports[11])
+#define _cffi_get_struct_layout                                          \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(Py_ssize_t[]))_cffi_exports[12])
+#define _cffi_restore_errno                                              \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[13])
+#define _cffi_save_errno                                                 \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[14])
+#define _cffi_from_c_char                                                \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char))_cffi_exports[15])
+#define _cffi_from_c_deref                                               \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, CTypeDescrObject *))_cffi_exports[16])
+#define _cffi_to_c                                                       \
+    ((int(*)(char *, CTypeDescrObject *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[17])
+#define _cffi_from_c_struct                                              \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, CTypeDescrObject *))_cffi_exports[18])
+#define _cffi_to_c_wchar_t                                               \
+    ((wchar_t(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[19])
+#define _cffi_from_c_wchar_t                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(wchar_t))_cffi_exports[20])
+#define _cffi_to_c_long_double                                           \
+    ((long double(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[21])
+#define _cffi_to_c__Bool                                                 \
+    ((_Bool(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[22])
+#define _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument                              \
+    ((Py_ssize_t(*)(CTypeDescrObject *, PyObject *, char **))_cffi_exports[23])
+#define _cffi_convert_array_from_object                                  \
+    ((int(*)(char *, CTypeDescrObject *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[24])
+#define _CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS 25
+
+typedef struct _ctypedescr CTypeDescrObject;
+
+static void *_cffi_exports[_CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS];
+static PyObject *_cffi_types, *_cffi_VerificationError;
+
+static int _cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib);   /* forward */
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_setup(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *library;
+    int was_alive = (_cffi_types != NULL);
+    (void)self; /* unused */
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &_cffi_types, &_cffi_VerificationError,
+                                       &library))
+        return NULL;
+    Py_INCREF(_cffi_types);
+    Py_INCREF(_cffi_VerificationError);
+    if (_cffi_setup_custom(library) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+    return PyBool_FromLong(was_alive);
+}
+
+union _cffi_union_alignment_u {
+    unsigned char m_char;
+    unsigned short m_short;
+    unsigned int m_int;
+    unsigned long m_long;
+    unsigned long long m_longlong;
+    float m_float;
+    double m_double;
+    long double m_longdouble;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_freeme_s {
+    struct _cffi_freeme_s *next;
+    union _cffi_union_alignment_u alignment;
+};
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  __attribute__((unused))
+#endif
+static int _cffi_convert_array_argument(CTypeDescrObject *ctptr, PyObject *arg,
+                                        char **output_data, Py_ssize_t datasize,
+                                        struct _cffi_freeme_s **freeme)
+{
+    char *p;
+    if (datasize < 0)
+        return -1;
+
+    p = *output_data;
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        struct _cffi_freeme_s *fp = (struct _cffi_freeme_s *)PyObject_Malloc(
+            offsetof(struct _cffi_freeme_s, alignment) + (size_t)datasize);
+        if (fp == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        fp->next = *freeme;
+        *freeme = fp;
+        p = *output_data = (char *)&fp->alignment;
+    }
+    memset((void *)p, 0, (size_t)datasize);
+    return _cffi_convert_array_from_object(p, ctptr, arg);
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  __attribute__((unused))
+#endif
+static void _cffi_free_array_arguments(struct _cffi_freeme_s *freeme)
+{
+    do {
+        void *p = (void *)freeme;
+        freeme = freeme->next;
+        PyObject_Free(p);
+    } while (freeme != NULL);
+}
+
+static int _cffi_init(void)
+{
+    PyObject *module, *c_api_object = NULL;
+
+    module = PyImport_ImportModule("_cffi_backend");
+    if (module == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+
+    c_api_object = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "_C_API");
+    if (c_api_object == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+    if (!PyCapsule_CheckExact(c_api_object)) {
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ImportError);
+        goto failure;
+    }
+    memcpy(_cffi_exports, PyCapsule_GetPointer(c_api_object, "cffi"),
+           _CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS * sizeof(void *));
+
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    Py_DECREF(c_api_object);
+    return 0;
+
+  failure:
+    Py_XDECREF(module);
+    Py_XDECREF(c_api_object);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+#define _cffi_type(num) ((CTypeDescrObject *)PyList_GET_ITEM(_cffi_types, num))
+
+/**********/
+'''
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_gen.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_gen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffc821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/vengine_gen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+#
+# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
+#
+import sys, os
+import types
+
+from . import model
+from .error import VerificationError
+
+
+class VGenericEngine(object):
+    _class_key = 'g'
+    _gen_python_module = False
+
+    def __init__(self, verifier):
+        self.verifier = verifier
+        self.ffi = verifier.ffi
+        self.export_symbols = []
+        self._struct_pending_verification = {}
+
+    def patch_extension_kwds(self, kwds):
+        # add 'export_symbols' to the dictionary.  Note that we add the
+        # list before filling it.  When we fill it, it will thus also show
+        # up in kwds['export_symbols'].
+        kwds.setdefault('export_symbols', self.export_symbols)
+
+    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
+        for so_suffix in so_suffixes:
+            basename = module_name + so_suffix
+            if path is None:
+                path = sys.path
+            for dirname in path:
+                filename = os.path.join(dirname, basename)
+                if os.path.isfile(filename):
+                    return filename
+
+    def collect_types(self):
+        pass      # not needed in the generic engine
+
+    def _prnt(self, what=''):
+        self._f.write(what + '\n')
+
+    def write_source_to_f(self):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        # first paste some standard set of lines that are mostly '#include'
+        prnt(cffimod_header)
+        # then paste the C source given by the user, verbatim.
+        prnt(self.verifier.preamble)
+        #
+        # call generate_gen_xxx_decl(), for every xxx found from
+        # ffi._parser._declarations.  This generates all the functions.
+        self._generate('decl')
+        #
+        # on Windows, distutils insists on putting init_cffi_xyz in
+        # 'export_symbols', so instead of fighting it, just give up and
+        # give it one
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+                prefix = 'PyInit_'
+            else:
+                prefix = 'init'
+            modname = self.verifier.get_module_name()
+            prnt("void %s%s(void) { }\n" % (prefix, modname))
+
+    def load_library(self, flags=0):
+        # import it with the CFFI backend
+        backend = self.ffi._backend
+        # needs to make a path that contains '/', on Posix
+        filename = os.path.join(os.curdir, self.verifier.modulefilename)
+        module = backend.load_library(filename, flags)
+        #
+        # call loading_gen_struct() to get the struct layout inferred by
+        # the C compiler
+        self._load(module, 'loading')
+
+        # build the FFILibrary class and instance, this is a module subclass
+        # because modules are expected to have usually-constant-attributes and
+        # in PyPy this means the JIT is able to treat attributes as constant,
+        # which we want.
+        class FFILibrary(types.ModuleType):
+            _cffi_generic_module = module
+            _cffi_ffi = self.ffi
+            _cffi_dir = []
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return FFILibrary._cffi_dir
+        library = FFILibrary("")
+        #
+        # finally, call the loaded_gen_xxx() functions.  This will set
+        # up the 'library' object.
+        self._load(module, 'loaded', library=library)
+        return library
+
+    def _get_declarations(self):
+        lst = [(key, tp) for (key, (tp, qual)) in
+                                self.ffi._parser._declarations.items()]
+        lst.sort()
+        return lst
+
+    def _generate(self, step_name):
+        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
+            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
+            try:
+                method = getattr(self, '_generate_gen_%s_%s' % (kind,
+                                                                step_name))
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "not implemented in verify(): %r" % name)
+            try:
+                method(tp, realname)
+            except Exception as e:
+                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
+                raise
+
+    def _load(self, module, step_name, **kwds):
+        for name, tp in self._get_declarations():
+            kind, realname = name.split(' ', 1)
+            method = getattr(self, '_%s_gen_%s' % (step_name, kind))
+            try:
+                method(tp, realname, module, **kwds)
+            except Exception as e:
+                model.attach_exception_info(e, name)
+                raise
+
+    def _generate_nothing(self, tp, name):
+        pass
+
+    def _loaded_noop(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        pass
+
+    # ----------
+    # typedefs: generates no code so far
+
+    _generate_gen_typedef_decl   = _generate_nothing
+    _loading_gen_typedef         = _loaded_noop
+    _loaded_gen_typedef          = _loaded_noop
+
+    # ----------
+    # function declarations
+
+    def _generate_gen_function_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            # cannot support vararg functions better than this: check for its
+            # exact type (including the fixed arguments), and build it as a
+            # constant function pointer (no _cffi_f_%s wrapper)
+            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp)
+            return
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        numargs = len(tp.args)
+        argnames = []
+        for i, type in enumerate(tp.args):
+            indirection = ''
+            if isinstance(type, model.StructOrUnion):
+                indirection = '*'
+            argnames.append('%sx%d' % (indirection, i))
+        context = 'argument of %s' % name
+        arglist = [type.get_c_name(' %s' % arg, context)
+                   for type, arg in zip(tp.args, argnames)]
+        tpresult = tp.result
+        if isinstance(tpresult, model.StructOrUnion):
+            arglist.insert(0, tpresult.get_c_name(' *r', context))
+            tpresult = model.void_type
+        arglist = ', '.join(arglist) or 'void'
+        wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
+        self.export_symbols.append(wrappername)
+        if tp.abi:
+            abi = tp.abi + ' '
+        else:
+            abi = ''
+        funcdecl = ' %s%s(%s)' % (abi, wrappername, arglist)
+        context = 'result of %s' % name
+        prnt(tpresult.get_c_name(funcdecl, context))
+        prnt('{')
+        #
+        if isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion):
+            result_code = '*r = '
+        elif not isinstance(tp.result, model.VoidType):
+            result_code = 'return '
+        else:
+            result_code = ''
+        prnt('  %s%s(%s);' % (result_code, name, ', '.join(argnames)))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    _loading_gen_function = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _loaded_gen_function(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        assert isinstance(tp, model.FunctionPtrType)
+        if tp.ellipsis:
+            newfunction = self._load_constant(False, tp, name, module)
+        else:
+            indirections = []
+            base_tp = tp
+            if (any(isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion) for typ in tp.args)
+                    or isinstance(tp.result, model.StructOrUnion)):
+                indirect_args = []
+                for i, typ in enumerate(tp.args):
+                    if isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion):
+                        typ = model.PointerType(typ)
+                        indirections.append((i, typ))
+                    indirect_args.append(typ)
+                indirect_result = tp.result
+                if isinstance(indirect_result, model.StructOrUnion):
+                    if indirect_result.fldtypes is None:
+                        raise TypeError("'%s' is used as result type, "
+                                        "but is opaque" % (
+                                            indirect_result._get_c_name(),))
+                    indirect_result = model.PointerType(indirect_result)
+                    indirect_args.insert(0, indirect_result)
+                    indirections.insert(0, ("result", indirect_result))
+                    indirect_result = model.void_type
+                tp = model.FunctionPtrType(tuple(indirect_args),
+                                           indirect_result, tp.ellipsis)
+            BFunc = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+            wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
+            newfunction = module.load_function(BFunc, wrappername)
+            for i, typ in indirections:
+                newfunction = self._make_struct_wrapper(newfunction, i, typ,
+                                                        base_tp)
+        setattr(library, name, newfunction)
+        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+
+    def _make_struct_wrapper(self, oldfunc, i, tp, base_tp):
+        backend = self.ffi._backend
+        BType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        if i == "result":
+            ffi = self.ffi
+            def newfunc(*args):
+                res = ffi.new(BType)
+                oldfunc(res, *args)
+                return res[0]
+        else:
+            def newfunc(*args):
+                args = args[:i] + (backend.newp(BType, args[i]),) + args[i+1:]
+                return oldfunc(*args)
+        newfunc._cffi_base_type = base_tp
+        return newfunc
+
+    # ----------
+    # named structs
+
+    def _generate_gen_struct_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert name == tp.name
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'struct', name)
+
+    def _loading_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module):
+        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'struct', name, module)
+
+    def _loaded_gen_struct(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    def _generate_gen_union_decl(self, tp, name):
+        assert name == tp.name
+        self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, 'union', name)
+
+    def _loading_gen_union(self, tp, name, module):
+        self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, 'union', name, module)
+
+    def _loaded_gen_union(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    def _generate_struct_or_union_decl(self, tp, prefix, name):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        checkfuncname = '_cffi_check_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
+        #
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('static void %s(%s *p)' % (checkfuncname, cname))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  /* only to generate compile-time warnings or errors */')
+        prnt('  (void)p;')
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+            if (isinstance(ftype, model.PrimitiveType)
+                and ftype.is_integer_type()) or fbitsize >= 0:
+                # accept all integers, but complain on float or double
+                prnt('  (void)((p->%s) << 1);' % fname)
+            else:
+                # only accept exactly the type declared.
+                try:
+                    prnt('  { %s = &p->%s; (void)tmp; }' % (
+                        ftype.get_c_name('*tmp', 'field %r'%fname, quals=fqual),
+                        fname))
+                except VerificationError as e:
+                    prnt('  /* %s */' % str(e))   # cannot verify it, ignore
+        prnt('}')
+        self.export_symbols.append(layoutfuncname)
+        prnt('intptr_t %s(intptr_t i)' % (layoutfuncname,))
+        prnt('{')
+        prnt('  struct _cffi_aligncheck { char x; %s y; };' % cname)
+        prnt('  static intptr_t nums[] = {')
+        prnt('    sizeof(%s),' % cname)
+        prnt('    offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+            if fbitsize >= 0:
+                continue      # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
+            prnt('    offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
+            if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                prnt('    0,  /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
+            else:
+                prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
+        prnt('    -1')
+        prnt('  };')
+        prnt('  return nums[i];')
+        prnt('  /* the next line is not executed, but compiled */')
+        prnt('  %s(0);' % (checkfuncname,))
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _loading_struct_or_union(self, tp, prefix, name, module):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+        #
+        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("intptr_t(*)(intptr_t)")[0]
+        function = module.load_function(BFunc, layoutfuncname)
+        layout = []
+        num = 0
+        while True:
+            x = function(num)
+            if x < 0: break
+            layout.append(x)
+            num += 1
+        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
+            # use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
+            # layout of the struct
+            totalsize = layout[0]
+            totalalignment = layout[1]
+            fieldofs = layout[2::2]
+            fieldsize = layout[3::2]
+            tp.force_flatten()
+            assert len(fieldofs) == len(fieldsize) == len(tp.fldnames)
+            tp.fixedlayout = fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment
+        else:
+            cname = ('%s %s' % (prefix, name)).strip()
+            self._struct_pending_verification[tp] = layout, cname
+
+    def _loaded_struct_or_union(self, tp):
+        if tp.fldnames is None:
+            return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
+        self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)   # force 'fixedlayout' to be considered
+
+        if tp in self._struct_pending_verification:
+            # check that the layout sizes and offsets match the real ones
+            def check(realvalue, expectedvalue, msg):
+                if realvalue != expectedvalue:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "%s (we have %d, but C compiler says %d)"
+                        % (msg, expectedvalue, realvalue))
+            ffi = self.ffi
+            BStruct = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+            layout, cname = self._struct_pending_verification.pop(tp)
+            check(layout[0], ffi.sizeof(BStruct), "wrong total size")
+            check(layout[1], ffi.alignof(BStruct), "wrong total alignment")
+            i = 2
+            for fname, ftype, fbitsize, fqual in tp.enumfields():
+                if fbitsize >= 0:
+                    continue        # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
+                check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
+                      "wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
+                if layout[i+1] != 0:
+                    BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
+                    check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
+                          "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
+                i += 2
+            assert i == len(layout)
+
+    # ----------
+    # 'anonymous' declarations.  These are produced for anonymous structs
+    # or unions; the 'name' is obtained by a typedef.
+
+    def _generate_gen_anonymous_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._generate_gen_enum_decl(tp, name, '')
+        else:
+            self._generate_struct_or_union_decl(tp, '', name)
+
+    def _loading_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._loading_gen_enum(tp, name, module, '')
+        else:
+            self._loading_struct_or_union(tp, '', name, module)
+
+    def _loaded_gen_anonymous(self, tp, name, module, **kwds):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+            self._loaded_gen_enum(tp, name, module, **kwds)
+        else:
+            self._loaded_struct_or_union(tp)
+
+    # ----------
+    # constants, likely declared with '#define'
+
+    def _generate_gen_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
+                            check_value=None):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
+        self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
+        if check_value is not None:
+            assert is_int
+            assert category == 'const'
+            prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
+            prnt('{')
+            self._check_int_constant_value(name, check_value)
+            prnt('  return 0;')
+            prnt('}')
+        elif is_int:
+            assert category == 'const'
+            prnt('int %s(long long *out_value)' % funcname)
+            prnt('{')
+            prnt('  *out_value = (long long)(%s);' % (name,))
+            prnt('  return (%s) <= 0;' % (name,))
+            prnt('}')
+        else:
+            assert tp is not None
+            assert check_value is None
+            if category == 'var':
+                ampersand = '&'
+            else:
+                ampersand = ''
+            extra = ''
+            if category == 'const' and isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+                extra = 'const *'
+                ampersand = '&'
+            prnt(tp.get_c_name(' %s%s(void)' % (extra, funcname), name))
+            prnt('{')
+            prnt('  return (%s%s);' % (ampersand, name))
+            prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _generate_gen_constant_decl(self, tp, name):
+        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
+        self._generate_gen_const(is_int, name, tp)
+
+    _loading_gen_constant = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _load_constant(self, is_int, tp, name, module, check_value=None):
+        funcname = '_cffi_const_%s' % name
+        if check_value is not None:
+            assert is_int
+            self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
+            value = check_value
+        elif is_int:
+            BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long*")[0]
+            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(long long*)")[0]
+            function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+            p = self.ffi.new(BType)
+            negative = function(p)
+            value = int(p[0])
+            if value < 0 and not negative:
+                BLongLong = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long")[0]
+                value += (1 << (8*self.ffi.sizeof(BLongLong)))
+        else:
+            assert check_value is None
+            fntypeextra = '(*)(void)'
+            if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+                fntypeextra = '*' + fntypeextra
+            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name(fntypeextra, name))[0]
+            function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+            value = function()
+            if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
+                value = value[0]
+        return value
+
+    def _loaded_gen_constant(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        is_int = isinstance(tp, model.PrimitiveType) and tp.is_integer_type()
+        value = self._load_constant(is_int, tp, name, module)
+        setattr(library, name, value)
+        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+
+    # ----------
+    # enums
+
+    def _check_int_constant_value(self, name, value):
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        if value <= 0:
+            prnt('  if ((%s) > 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
+                name, name, value))
+        else:
+            prnt('  if ((%s) <= 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
+                name, name, value))
+        prnt('    char buf[64];')
+        prnt('    if ((%s) <= 0)' % name)
+        prnt('        sprintf(buf, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % name)
+        prnt('    else')
+        prnt('        sprintf(buf, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
+             name)
+        prnt('    sprintf(out_error, "%s has the real value %s, not %s",')
+        prnt('            "%s", buf, "%d");' % (name[:100], value))
+        prnt('    return -1;')
+        prnt('  }')
+
+    def _load_known_int_constant(self, module, funcname):
+        BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("char[]")[0]
+        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(char*)")[0]
+        function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+        p = self.ffi.new(BType, 256)
+        if function(p) < 0:
+            error = self.ffi.string(p)
+            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+                error = str(error, 'utf-8')
+            raise VerificationError(error)
+
+    def _enum_funcname(self, prefix, name):
+        # "$enum_$1" => "___D_enum____D_1"
+        name = name.replace('$', '___D_')
+        return '_cffi_e_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
+
+    def _generate_gen_enum_decl(self, tp, name, prefix='enum'):
+        if tp.partial:
+            for enumerator in tp.enumerators:
+                self._generate_gen_const(True, enumerator)
+            return
+        #
+        funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
+        self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
+        prnt = self._prnt
+        prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
+        prnt('{')
+        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
+            self._check_int_constant_value(enumerator, enumvalue)
+        prnt('  return 0;')
+        prnt('}')
+        prnt()
+
+    def _loading_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, prefix='enum'):
+        if tp.partial:
+            enumvalues = [self._load_constant(True, tp, enumerator, module)
+                          for enumerator in tp.enumerators]
+            tp.enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
+            tp.partial_resolved = True
+        else:
+            funcname = self._enum_funcname(prefix, name)
+            self._load_known_int_constant(module, funcname)
+
+    def _loaded_gen_enum(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
+            setattr(library, enumerator, enumvalue)
+            type(library)._cffi_dir.append(enumerator)
+
+    # ----------
+    # macros: for now only for integers
+
+    def _generate_gen_macro_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if tp == '...':
+            check_value = None
+        else:
+            check_value = tp     # an integer
+        self._generate_gen_const(True, name, check_value=check_value)
+
+    _loading_gen_macro = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _loaded_gen_macro(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        if tp == '...':
+            check_value = None
+        else:
+            check_value = tp     # an integer
+        value = self._load_constant(True, tp, name, module,
+                                    check_value=check_value)
+        setattr(library, name, value)
+        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+
+    # ----------
+    # global variables
+
+    def _generate_gen_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            if tp.length_is_unknown():
+                prnt = self._prnt
+                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
+                self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
+                prnt("size_t %s(void)" % funcname)
+                prnt("{")
+                prnt("  return sizeof(%s);" % (name,))
+                prnt("}")
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
+            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr)
+        else:
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
+            self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr, category='var')
+
+    _loading_gen_variable = _loaded_noop
+
+    def _loaded_gen_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):   # int a[5] is "constant" in the
+                                              # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
+            if tp.length_is_unknown():
+                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
+                BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked('size_t(*)(void)')[0]
+                function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+                size = function()
+                BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
+                length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
+                if rest != 0:
+                    raise VerificationError(
+                        "bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
+                        (name, tp.item))
+                tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
+            value = self._load_constant(False, tp_ptr, name, module)
+            # 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
+            # a <cdata 'type[N]'> if the N is actually known
+            if tp.length is not None:
+                BArray = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+                value = self.ffi.cast(BArray, value)
+            setattr(library, name, value)
+            type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+            return
+        # remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
+        # it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
+        funcname = '_cffi_var_%s' % name
+        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name('*(*)(void)', name))[0]
+        function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+        ptr = function()
+        def getter(library):
+            return ptr[0]
+        def setter(library, value):
+            ptr[0] = value
+        setattr(type(library), name, property(getter, setter))
+        type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
+
+cffimod_header = r'''
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>   /* XXX for ssize_t on some platforms */
+
+/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
+   c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
+   and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+# include <malloc.h>   /* for alloca() */
+# if _MSC_VER < 1600   /* MSVC < 2010 */
+   typedef __int8 int8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
+   typedef __int64 intmax_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
+# else
+#  include <stdint.h>
+# endif
+# if _MSC_VER < 1800   /* MSVC < 2013 */
+#  ifndef __cplusplus
+    typedef unsigned char _Bool;
+#  endif
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   _Fcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  _Dcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+#else
+# include <stdint.h>
+# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
+#  include <alloca.h>
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   float _Complex
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  double _Complex
+#endif
+'''
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/verifier.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/verifier.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e392a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi/verifier.py
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+#
+# DEPRECATED: implementation for ffi.verify()
+#
+import sys, os, binascii, shutil, io
+from . import __version_verifier_modules__
+from . import ffiplatform
+from .error import VerificationError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+    import importlib.machinery
+    def _extension_suffixes():
+        return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES[:]
+else:
+    import imp
+    def _extension_suffixes():
+        return [suffix for suffix, _, type in imp.get_suffixes()
+                if type == imp.C_EXTENSION]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+    NativeIO = io.StringIO
+else:
+    class NativeIO(io.BytesIO):
+        def write(self, s):
+            if isinstance(s, unicode):
+                s = s.encode('ascii')
+            super(NativeIO, self).write(s)
+
+
+class Verifier(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, ffi, preamble, tmpdir=None, modulename=None,
+                 ext_package=None, tag='', force_generic_engine=False,
+                 source_extension='.c', flags=None, relative_to=None, **kwds):
+        if ffi._parser._uses_new_feature:
+            raise VerificationError(
+                "feature not supported with ffi.verify(), but only "
+                "with ffi.set_source(): %s" % (ffi._parser._uses_new_feature,))
+        self.ffi = ffi
+        self.preamble = preamble
+        if not modulename:
+            flattened_kwds = ffiplatform.flatten(kwds)
+        vengine_class = _locate_engine_class(ffi, force_generic_engine)
+        self._vengine = vengine_class(self)
+        self._vengine.patch_extension_kwds(kwds)
+        self.flags = flags
+        self.kwds = self.make_relative_to(kwds, relative_to)
+        #
+        if modulename:
+            if tag:
+                raise TypeError("can't specify both 'modulename' and 'tag'")
+        else:
+            key = '\x00'.join(['%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2],
+                               __version_verifier_modules__,
+                               preamble, flattened_kwds] +
+                              ffi._cdefsources)
+            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+                key = key.encode('utf-8')
+            k1 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[0::2]) & 0xffffffff)
+            k1 = k1.lstrip('0x').rstrip('L')
+            k2 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[1::2]) & 0xffffffff)
+            k2 = k2.lstrip('0').rstrip('L')
+            modulename = '_cffi_%s_%s%s%s' % (tag, self._vengine._class_key,
+                                              k1, k2)
+        suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0]
+        self.tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
+        self.sourcefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + source_extension)
+        self.modulefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + suffix)
+        self.ext_package = ext_package
+        self._has_source = False
+        self._has_module = False
+
+    def write_source(self, file=None):
+        """Write the C source code.  It is produced in 'self.sourcefilename',
+        which can be tweaked beforehand."""
+        with self.ffi._lock:
+            if self._has_source and file is None:
+                raise VerificationError(
+                    "source code already written")
+            self._write_source(file)
+
+    def compile_module(self):
+        """Write the C source code (if not done already) and compile it.
+        This produces a dynamic link library in 'self.modulefilename'."""
+        with self.ffi._lock:
+            if self._has_module:
+                raise VerificationError("module already compiled")
+            if not self._has_source:
+                self._write_source()
+            self._compile_module()
+
+    def load_library(self):
+        """Get a C module from this Verifier instance.
+        Returns an instance of a FFILibrary class that behaves like the
+        objects returned by ffi.dlopen(), but that delegates all
+        operations to the C module.  If necessary, the C code is written
+        and compiled first.
+        """
+        with self.ffi._lock:
+            if not self._has_module:
+                self._locate_module()
+                if not self._has_module:
+                    if not self._has_source:
+                        self._write_source()
+                    self._compile_module()
+            return self._load_library()
+
+    def get_module_name(self):
+        basename = os.path.basename(self.modulefilename)
+        # kill both the .so extension and the other .'s, as introduced
+        # by Python 3: 'basename.cpython-33m.so'
+        basename = basename.split('.', 1)[0]
+        # and the _d added in Python 2 debug builds --- but try to be
+        # conservative and not kill a legitimate _d
+        if basename.endswith('_d') and hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
+            basename = basename[:-2]
+        return basename
+
+    def get_extension(self):
+        if not self._has_source:
+            with self.ffi._lock:
+                if not self._has_source:
+                    self._write_source()
+        sourcename = ffiplatform.maybe_relative_path(self.sourcefilename)
+        modname = self.get_module_name()
+        return ffiplatform.get_extension(sourcename, modname, **self.kwds)
+
+    def generates_python_module(self):
+        return self._vengine._gen_python_module
+
+    def make_relative_to(self, kwds, relative_to):
+        if relative_to and os.path.dirname(relative_to):
+            dirname = os.path.dirname(relative_to)
+            kwds = kwds.copy()
+            for key in ffiplatform.LIST_OF_FILE_NAMES:
+                if key in kwds:
+                    lst = kwds[key]
+                    if not isinstance(lst, (list, tuple)):
+                        raise TypeError("keyword '%s' should be a list or tuple"
+                                        % (key,))
+                    lst = [os.path.join(dirname, fn) for fn in lst]
+                    kwds[key] = lst
+        return kwds
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def _locate_module(self):
+        if not os.path.isfile(self.modulefilename):
+            if self.ext_package:
+                try:
+                    pkg = __import__(self.ext_package, None, None, ['__doc__'])
+                except ImportError:
+                    return      # cannot import the package itself, give up
+                    # (e.g. it might be called differently before installation)
+                path = pkg.__path__
+            else:
+                path = None
+            filename = self._vengine.find_module(self.get_module_name(), path,
+                                                 _get_so_suffixes())
+            if filename is None:
+                return
+            self.modulefilename = filename
+        self._vengine.collect_types()
+        self._has_module = True
+
+    def _write_source_to(self, file):
+        self._vengine._f = file
+        try:
+            self._vengine.write_source_to_f()
+        finally:
+            del self._vengine._f
+
+    def _write_source(self, file=None):
+        if file is not None:
+            self._write_source_to(file)
+        else:
+            # Write our source file to an in memory file.
+            f = NativeIO()
+            self._write_source_to(f)
+            source_data = f.getvalue()
+
+            # Determine if this matches the current file
+            if os.path.exists(self.sourcefilename):
+                with open(self.sourcefilename, "r") as fp:
+                    needs_written = not (fp.read() == source_data)
+            else:
+                needs_written = True
+
+            # Actually write the file out if it doesn't match
+            if needs_written:
+                _ensure_dir(self.sourcefilename)
+                with open(self.sourcefilename, "w") as fp:
+                    fp.write(source_data)
+
+            # Set this flag
+            self._has_source = True
+
+    def _compile_module(self):
+        # compile this C source
+        tmpdir = os.path.dirname(self.sourcefilename)
+        outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile(tmpdir, self.get_extension())
+        try:
+            same = ffiplatform.samefile(outputfilename, self.modulefilename)
+        except OSError:
+            same = False
+        if not same:
+            _ensure_dir(self.modulefilename)
+            shutil.move(outputfilename, self.modulefilename)
+        self._has_module = True
+
+    def _load_library(self):
+        assert self._has_module
+        if self.flags is not None:
+            return self._vengine.load_library(self.flags)
+        else:
+            return self._vengine.load_library()
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+
+_FORCE_GENERIC_ENGINE = False      # for tests
+
+def _locate_engine_class(ffi, force_generic_engine):
+    if _FORCE_GENERIC_ENGINE:
+        force_generic_engine = True
+    if not force_generic_engine:
+        if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:
+            force_generic_engine = True
+        else:
+            try:
+                import _cffi_backend
+            except ImportError:
+                _cffi_backend = '?'
+            if ffi._backend is not _cffi_backend:
+                force_generic_engine = True
+    if force_generic_engine:
+        from . import vengine_gen
+        return vengine_gen.VGenericEngine
+    else:
+        from . import vengine_cpy
+        return vengine_cpy.VCPythonEngine
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+
+_TMPDIR = None
+
+def _caller_dir_pycache():
+    if _TMPDIR:
+        return _TMPDIR
+    result = os.environ.get('CFFI_TMPDIR')
+    if result:
+        return result
+    filename = sys._getframe(2).f_code.co_filename
+    return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
+                           '__pycache__'))
+
+def set_tmpdir(dirname):
+    """Set the temporary directory to use instead of __pycache__."""
+    global _TMPDIR
+    _TMPDIR = dirname
+
+def cleanup_tmpdir(tmpdir=None, keep_so=False):
+    """Clean up the temporary directory by removing all files in it
+    called `_cffi_*.{c,so}` as well as the `build` subdirectory."""
+    tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
+    try:
+        filelist = os.listdir(tmpdir)
+    except OSError:
+        return
+    if keep_so:
+        suffix = '.c'   # only remove .c files
+    else:
+        suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0].lower()
+    for fn in filelist:
+        if fn.lower().startswith('_cffi_') and (
+                fn.lower().endswith(suffix) or fn.lower().endswith('.c')):
+            try:
+                os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir, fn))
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+    clean_dir = [os.path.join(tmpdir, 'build')]
+    for dir in clean_dir:
+        try:
+            for fn in os.listdir(dir):
+                fn = os.path.join(dir, fn)
+                if os.path.isdir(fn):
+                    clean_dir.append(fn)
+                else:
+                    os.unlink(fn)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+def _get_so_suffixes():
+    suffixes = _extension_suffixes()
+    if not suffixes:
+        # bah, no C_EXTENSION available.  Occurs on pypy without cpyext
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            suffixes = [".pyd"]
+        else:
+            suffixes = [".so"]
+
+    return suffixes
+
+def _ensure_dir(filename):
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(filename)
+    if dirname and not os.path.isdir(dirname):
+        os.makedirs(dirname)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d12a849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2014 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..366d1a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: click
+Version: 8.1.8
+Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: colorama; platform_system == 'Windows'
+Requires-Dist: importlib-metadata; python_version < '3.8'
+Project-URL: Changes, https://click.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/click/
+
+# $ click_
+
+Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
+in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
+Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
+sensible defaults out of the box.
+
+It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
+while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
+implement an intended CLI API.
+
+Click in three points:
+
+-   Arbitrary nesting of commands
+-   Automatic help page generation
+-   Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+import click
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
+@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
+def hello(count, name):
+    """Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
+    for _ in range(count):
+        click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    hello()
+```
+
+```
+$ python hello.py --count=3
+Your name: Click
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
+packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2227ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/LICENSE.txt,sha256=morRBqOU6FO_4h9C9OctWSgZoigF2ZG18ydQKSkrZY0,1475
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=WJtQ6uGS2ybLfvUE4vC0XIhIBr4yFGwjrMBR2fiCQ-Q,2263
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/RECORD,,
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click-8.1.8.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CpUCUxeHQbRN5UGRQHYRJorO5Af-Qy_fHMctcQ8DSGI,82
+click/__init__.py,sha256=j1DJeCbga4ribkv5uyvIAzI0oFN13fW9mevDKShFelo,3188
+click/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_termui_impl.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_textwrap.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_winconsole.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/decorators.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/formatting.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/globals.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/parser.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/shell_completion.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/termui.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/testing.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/types.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/_compat.py,sha256=IGKh_J5QdfKELitnRfTGHneejWxoCw_NX9tfMbdcg3w,18730
+click/_termui_impl.py,sha256=a5z7I9gOFeMmu7Gb6_RPyQ8GPuVP1EeblixcWSPSQPk,24783
+click/_textwrap.py,sha256=10fQ64OcBUMuK7mFvh8363_uoOxPlRItZBmKzRJDgoY,1353
+click/_winconsole.py,sha256=5ju3jQkcZD0W27WEMGqmEP4y_crUVzPCqsX_FYb7BO0,7860
+click/core.py,sha256=Q1nEVdctZwvIPOlt4vfHko0TYnHCeE40UEEul8Wpyvs,114748
+click/decorators.py,sha256=7t6F-QWowtLh6F_6l-4YV4Y4yNTcqFQEu9i37zIz68s,18925
+click/exceptions.py,sha256=V7zDT6emqJ8iNl0kF1P5kpFmLMWQ1T1L7aNNKM4YR0w,9600
+click/formatting.py,sha256=Frf0-5W33-loyY_i9qrwXR8-STnW3m5gvyxLVUdyxyk,9706
+click/globals.py,sha256=cuJ6Bbo073lgEEmhjr394PeM-QFmXM-Ci-wmfsd7H5g,1954
+click/parser.py,sha256=h4sndcpF5OHrZQN8vD8IWb5OByvW7ABbhRToxovrqS8,19067
+click/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click/shell_completion.py,sha256=TR0dXEGcvWb9Eo3aaQEXGhnvNS3FF4H4QcuLnvAvYo4,18636
+click/termui.py,sha256=dLxiS70UOvIYBda_nEEZaPAFOVDVmRs1sEPMuLDowQo,28310
+click/testing.py,sha256=3RA8anCf7TZ8-5RAF5it2Te-aWXBAL5VLasQnMiC2ZQ,16282
+click/types.py,sha256=BD5Qqq4h-8kawBmOIzJlmq4xzThAf4wCvaOLZSBDNx0,36422
+click/utils.py,sha256=ce-IrO9ilII76LGkU354pOdHbepM8UftfNH7SfMU_28,20330
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c6fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.1.8.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.10.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2610d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""
+Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
+writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
+around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
+composable.
+"""
+
+from .core import Argument as Argument
+from .core import BaseCommand as BaseCommand
+from .core import Command as Command
+from .core import CommandCollection as CommandCollection
+from .core import Context as Context
+from .core import Group as Group
+from .core import MultiCommand as MultiCommand
+from .core import Option as Option
+from .core import Parameter as Parameter
+from .decorators import argument as argument
+from .decorators import command as command
+from .decorators import confirmation_option as confirmation_option
+from .decorators import group as group
+from .decorators import help_option as help_option
+from .decorators import HelpOption as HelpOption
+from .decorators import make_pass_decorator as make_pass_decorator
+from .decorators import option as option
+from .decorators import pass_context as pass_context
+from .decorators import pass_obj as pass_obj
+from .decorators import password_option as password_option
+from .decorators import version_option as version_option
+from .exceptions import Abort as Abort
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage as BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage as BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import BadParameter as BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException as ClickException
+from .exceptions import FileError as FileError
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter as MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption as NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter as HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import wrap_text as wrap_text
+from .globals import get_current_context as get_current_context
+from .parser import OptionParser as OptionParser
+from .termui import clear as clear
+from .termui import confirm as confirm
+from .termui import echo_via_pager as echo_via_pager
+from .termui import edit as edit
+from .termui import getchar as getchar
+from .termui import launch as launch
+from .termui import pause as pause
+from .termui import progressbar as progressbar
+from .termui import prompt as prompt
+from .termui import secho as secho
+from .termui import style as style
+from .termui import unstyle as unstyle
+from .types import BOOL as BOOL
+from .types import Choice as Choice
+from .types import DateTime as DateTime
+from .types import File as File
+from .types import FLOAT as FLOAT
+from .types import FloatRange as FloatRange
+from .types import INT as INT
+from .types import IntRange as IntRange
+from .types import ParamType as ParamType
+from .types import Path as Path
+from .types import STRING as STRING
+from .types import Tuple as Tuple
+from .types import UNPROCESSED as UNPROCESSED
+from .types import UUID as UUID
+from .utils import echo as echo
+from .utils import format_filename as format_filename
+from .utils import get_app_dir as get_app_dir
+from .utils import get_binary_stream as get_binary_stream
+from .utils import get_text_stream as get_text_stream
+from .utils import open_file as open_file
+
+__version__ = "8.1.8"
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+import codecs
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith("cygwin")
+WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+auto_wrap_for_ansi: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.TextIO], t.TextIO]] = None
+_ansi_re = re.compile(r"\033\[[;?0-9]*[a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+def _make_text_stream(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO,
+    encoding: t.Optional[str],
+    errors: t.Optional[str],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+    return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        stream,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        line_buffering=True,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def is_ascii_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
+    try:
+        return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii"
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+
+
+def get_best_encoding(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
+    rv = getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
+    if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
+        return "utf-8"
+    return rv
+
+
+class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        encoding: t.Optional[str],
+        errors: t.Optional[str],
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream = t.cast(
+            t.BinaryIO, _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, force_writable)
+        )
+        super().__init__(stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.detach()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
+        return self._stream.isatty()
+
+
+class _FixupStream:
+    """The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
+    traditionally implement.  As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
+    some circumstances.
+
+    The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
+    put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
+    of jupyter notebook).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._force_readable = force_readable
+        self._force_writable = force_writable
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._stream, name)
+
+    def read1(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        f = getattr(self._stream, "read1", None)
+
+        if f is not None:
+            return t.cast(bytes, f(size))
+
+        return self._stream.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_readable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "readable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.read(0)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_writable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "writable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.write("")  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                self._stream.write(b"")
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "seekable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def _is_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
+    except Exception:
+        return default
+        # This happens in some cases where the stream was already
+        # closed.  In this case, we assume the default.
+
+
+def _is_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        stream.write(b"")
+    except Exception:
+        try:
+            stream.write("")
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return default
+    return True
+
+
+def _find_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.Optional[t.BinaryIO]:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _find_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.Optional[t.BinaryIO]:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    """A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
+    # If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
+    # to ASCII.  This appears to happen in certain unittest
+    # environments.  It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
+    # but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
+    return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or "ascii")
+
+
+def _is_compat_stream_attr(stream: t.TextIO, attr: str, value: t.Optional[str]) -> bool:
+    """A stream attribute is compatible if it is equal to the
+    desired value or the desired value is unset and the attribute
+    has a value.
+    """
+    stream_value = getattr(stream, attr, None)
+    return stream_value == value or (value is None and stream_value is not None)
+
+
+def _is_compatible_text_stream(
+    stream: t.TextIO, encoding: t.Optional[str], errors: t.Optional[str]
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if a stream's encoding and errors attributes are
+    compatible with the desired values.
+    """
+    return _is_compat_stream_attr(
+        stream, "encoding", encoding
+    ) and _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, "errors", errors)
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_stream(
+    text_stream: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: t.Optional[str],
+    errors: t.Optional[str],
+    is_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any], bool], bool],
+    find_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.Optional[t.BinaryIO]],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if is_binary(text_stream, False):
+        binary_reader = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, text_stream)
+    else:
+        text_stream = t.cast(t.TextIO, text_stream)
+        # If the stream looks compatible, and won't default to a
+        # misconfigured ascii encoding, return it as-is.
+        if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_stream, encoding, errors) and not (
+            encoding is None and _stream_is_misconfigured(text_stream)
+        ):
+            return text_stream
+
+        # Otherwise, get the underlying binary reader.
+        possible_binary_reader = find_binary(text_stream)
+
+        # If that's not possible, silently use the original reader
+        # and get mojibake instead of exceptions.
+        if possible_binary_reader is None:
+            return text_stream
+
+        binary_reader = possible_binary_reader
+
+    # Default errors to replace instead of strict in order to get
+    # something that works.
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+
+    # Wrap the binary stream in a text stream with the correct
+    # encoding parameters.
+    return _make_text_stream(
+        binary_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_reader(
+    text_reader: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: t.Optional[str],
+    errors: t.Optional[str],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_reader,
+        _find_binary_reader,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_writer(
+    text_writer: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: t.Optional[str],
+    errors: t.Optional[str],
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_writer,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_writer,
+        _find_binary_writer,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def get_binary_stdin() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
+    if reader is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdin.")
+    return reader
+
+
+def get_binary_stdout() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdout.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_binary_stderr() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stderr.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_text_stdin(
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None, errors: t.Optional[str] = None
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stdout(
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None, errors: t.Optional[str] = None
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stderr(
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None, errors: t.Optional[str] = None
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def _wrap_io_open(
+    file: t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]", int],
+    mode: str,
+    encoding: t.Optional[str],
+    errors: t.Optional[str],
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Handles not passing ``encoding`` and ``errors`` in binary mode."""
+    if "b" in mode:
+        return open(file, mode)
+
+    return open(file, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+
+
+def open_stream(
+    filename: "t.Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]",
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> t.Tuple[t.IO[t.Any], bool]:
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    # Standard streams first. These are simple because they ignore the
+    # atomic flag. Use fsdecode to handle Path("-").
+    if os.fsdecode(filename) == "-":
+        if any(m in mode for m in ["w", "a", "x"]):
+            if binary:
+                return get_binary_stdout(), False
+            return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+        if binary:
+            return get_binary_stdin(), False
+        return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+
+    # Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
+    if not atomic:
+        return _wrap_io_open(filename, mode, encoding, errors), True
+
+    # Some usability stuff for atomic writes
+    if "a" in mode:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that"
+            " would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary"
+            " file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly"
+            " if that's what you're after."
+        )
+    if "x" in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.")
+    if "w" not in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.")
+
+    # Atomic writes are more complicated.  They work by opening a file
+    # as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
+    # functionality to wrap it in a Python file.  Then we wrap it in an
+    # atomic file that moves the file over on close.
+    import errno
+    import random
+
+    try:
+        perm: t.Optional[int] = os.stat(filename).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        perm = None
+
+    flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    if binary:
+        flags |= getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0)
+
+    while True:
+        tmp_filename = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(filename),
+            f".__atomic-write{random.randrange(1 << 32):08x}",
+        )
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(tmp_filename, flags, 0o666 if perm is None else perm)
+            break
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno == errno.EEXIST or (
+                os.name == "nt"
+                and e.errno == errno.EACCES
+                and os.path.isdir(e.filename)
+                and os.access(e.filename, os.W_OK)
+            ):
+                continue
+            raise
+
+    if perm is not None:
+        os.chmod(tmp_filename, perm)  # in case perm includes bits in umask
+
+    f = _wrap_io_open(fd, mode, encoding, errors)
+    af = _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename))
+    return t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], af), True
+
+
+class _AtomicFile:
+    def __init__(self, f: t.IO[t.Any], tmp_filename: str, real_filename: str) -> None:
+        self._f = f
+        self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
+        self._real_filename = real_filename
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._real_filename
+
+    def close(self, delete: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self._f.close()
+        os.replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._f, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_AtomicFile":
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]], *_: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._f)
+
+
+def strip_ansi(value: str) -> str:
+    return _ansi_re.sub("", value)
+
+
+def _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    while isinstance(stream, (_FixupStream, _NonClosingTextIOWrapper)):
+        stream = stream._stream
+
+    return stream.__class__.__module__.startswith("ipykernel.")
+
+
+def should_strip_ansi(
+    stream: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]] = None, color: t.Optional[bool] = None
+) -> bool:
+    if color is None:
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = sys.stdin
+        return not isatty(stream) and not _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream)
+    return not color
+
+
+# On Windows, wrap the output streams with colorama to support ANSI
+# color codes.
+# NOTE: double check is needed so mypy does not analyze this on Linux
+if sys.platform.startswith("win") and WIN:
+    from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        import locale
+
+        return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+    _ansi_stream_wrappers: t.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def auto_wrap_for_ansi(
+        stream: t.TextIO, color: t.Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> t.TextIO:
+        """Support ANSI color and style codes on Windows by wrapping a
+        stream with colorama.
+        """
+        try:
+            cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            cached = None
+
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        import colorama
+
+        strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
+        ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
+        rv = t.cast(t.TextIO, ansi_wrapper.stream)
+        _write = rv.write
+
+        def _safe_write(s):
+            try:
+                return _write(s)
+            except BaseException:
+                ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
+                raise
+
+        rv.write = _safe_write
+
+        try:
+            _ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        return rv
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        return getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None) or sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+
+    def _get_windows_console_stream(
+        f: t.TextIO, encoding: t.Optional[str], errors: t.Optional[str]
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.TextIO]:
+        return None
+
+
+def term_len(x: str) -> int:
+    return len(strip_ansi(x))
+
+
+def isatty(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return stream.isatty()
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _make_cached_stream_func(
+    src_func: t.Callable[[], t.Optional[t.TextIO]],
+    wrapper_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO],
+) -> t.Callable[[], t.Optional[t.TextIO]]:
+    cache: t.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def func() -> t.Optional[t.TextIO]:
+        stream = src_func()
+
+        if stream is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            rv = cache.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            rv = None
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+        rv = wrapper_func()
+        try:
+            cache[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return rv
+
+    return func
+
+
+_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
+_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
+_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
+
+
+binary_streams: t.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[], t.BinaryIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_binary_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_binary_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_binary_stderr,
+}
+
+text_streams: t.Mapping[
+    str, t.Callable[[t.Optional[str], t.Optional[str]], t.TextIO]
+] = {
+    "stdin": get_text_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_text_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_text_stderr,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad9f8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+"""
+This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
+import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
+placed in this module and only imported as needed.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import math
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from io import StringIO
+from shutil import which
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import CYGWIN
+from ._compat import get_best_encoding
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import term_len
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .utils import echo
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\n"
+else:
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
+
+
+class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: t.Optional[t.Iterable[V]],
+        length: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        fill_char: str = "#",
+        empty_char: str = " ",
+        bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
+        info_sep: str = "  ",
+        show_eta: bool = True,
+        show_percent: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        show_pos: bool = False,
+        item_show_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Optional[V]], t.Optional[str]]] = None,
+        label: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        file: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
+        color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        update_min_steps: int = 1,
+        width: int = 30,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fill_char = fill_char
+        self.empty_char = empty_char
+        self.bar_template = bar_template
+        self.info_sep = info_sep
+        self.show_eta = show_eta
+        self.show_percent = show_percent
+        self.show_pos = show_pos
+        self.item_show_func = item_show_func
+        self.label: str = label or ""
+
+        if file is None:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+            # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+            # pythonw on Windows.
+            if file is None:
+                file = StringIO()
+
+        self.file = file
+        self.color = color
+        self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
+        self._completed_intervals = 0
+        self.width: int = width
+        self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
+
+        if length is None:
+            from operator import length_hint
+
+            length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
+
+            if length == -1:
+                length = None
+        if iterable is None:
+            if length is None:
+                raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
+            iterable = t.cast(t.Iterable[V], range(length))
+        self.iter: t.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
+        self.length = length
+        self.pos = 0
+        self.avg: t.List[float] = []
+        self.last_eta: float
+        self.start: float
+        self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
+        self.eta_known: bool = False
+        self.finished: bool = False
+        self.max_width: t.Optional[int] = None
+        self.entered: bool = False
+        self.current_item: t.Optional[V] = None
+        self.is_hidden: bool = not isatty(self.file)
+        self._last_line: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ProgressBar[V]":
+        self.entered = True
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.render_finish()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self.generator()
+
+    def __next__(self) -> V:
+        # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
+        # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
+        # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
+        # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
+        # twice works and does "what you want".
+        return next(iter(self))
+
+    def render_finish(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_hidden:
+            return
+        self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
+        self.file.flush()
+
+    @property
+    def pct(self) -> float:
+        if self.finished:
+            return 1.0
+        return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
+
+    @property
+    def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
+        if not self.avg:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
+
+    @property
+    def eta(self) -> float:
+        if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
+            return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
+        return 0.0
+
+    def format_eta(self) -> str:
+        if self.eta_known:
+            t = int(self.eta)
+            seconds = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            minutes = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            hours = t % 24
+            t //= 24
+            if t > 0:
+                return f"{t}d {hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+            else:
+                return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+        return ""
+
+    def format_pos(self) -> str:
+        pos = str(self.pos)
+        if self.length is not None:
+            pos += f"/{self.length}"
+        return pos
+
+    def format_pct(self) -> str:
+        return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
+
+    def format_bar(self) -> str:
+        if self.length is not None:
+            bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
+            bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
+            bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
+        elif self.finished:
+            bar = self.fill_char * self.width
+        else:
+            chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
+            if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
+                chars[
+                    int(
+                        (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
+                        * self.width
+                    )
+                ] = self.fill_char
+            bar = "".join(chars)
+        return bar
+
+    def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
+        show_percent = self.show_percent
+
+        info_bits = []
+        if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
+            show_percent = not self.show_pos
+
+        if self.show_pos:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
+        if show_percent:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
+        if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
+        if self.item_show_func is not None:
+            item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
+            if item_info is not None:
+                info_bits.append(item_info)
+
+        return (
+            self.bar_template
+            % {
+                "label": self.label,
+                "bar": self.format_bar(),
+                "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
+            }
+        ).rstrip()
+
+    def render_progress(self) -> None:
+        import shutil
+
+        if self.is_hidden:
+            # Only output the label as it changes if the output is not a
+            # TTY. Use file=stderr if you expect to be piping stdout.
+            if self._last_line != self.label:
+                self._last_line = self.label
+                echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
+
+            return
+
+        buf = []
+        # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
+        if self.autowidth:
+            old_width = self.width
+            self.width = 0
+            clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
+            new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
+            if new_width < old_width:
+                buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+                buf.append(" " * self.max_width)  # type: ignore
+                self.max_width = new_width
+            self.width = new_width
+
+        clear_width = self.width
+        if self.max_width is not None:
+            clear_width = self.max_width
+
+        buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+        line = self.format_progress_line()
+        line_len = term_len(line)
+        if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
+            self.max_width = line_len
+
+        buf.append(line)
+        buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
+        line = "".join(buf)
+        # Render the line only if it changed.
+
+        if line != self._last_line:
+            self._last_line = line
+            echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
+            self.file.flush()
+
+    def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
+        self.pos += n_steps
+        if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
+            self.finished = True
+
+        if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
+            return
+
+        self.last_eta = time.time()
+
+        # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
+        # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
+        # self.length.
+        if self.pos:
+            step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
+        else:
+            step = time.time() - self.start
+
+        self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
+
+        self.eta_known = self.length is not None
+
+    def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: t.Optional[V] = None) -> None:
+        """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
+        steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
+        position.
+
+        :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
+        :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
+            for the updated position.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Only render when the number of steps meets the
+            ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
+        """
+        if current_item is not None:
+            self.current_item = current_item
+
+        self._completed_intervals += n_steps
+
+        if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
+            self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
+            self.render_progress()
+            self._completed_intervals = 0
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        self.eta_known = False
+        self.current_item = None
+        self.finished = True
+
+    def generator(self) -> t.Iterator[V]:
+        """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
+        during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
+        yielded block returns.
+        """
+        # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
+        # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
+        # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
+        # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
+        # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
+        # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
+        # order for that interface to work.
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+
+        if self.is_hidden:
+            yield from self.iter
+        else:
+            for rv in self.iter:
+                self.current_item = rv
+
+                # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
+                # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
+                # the update interval.
+                if self._completed_intervals == 0:
+                    self.render_progress()
+
+                yield rv
+                self.update(1)
+
+            self.finish()
+            self.render_progress()
+
+
+def pager(generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+    """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
+    stdout = _default_text_stdout()
+
+    # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+    # pythonw on Windows.
+    if stdout is None:
+        stdout = StringIO()
+
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
+    pager_cmd = (os.environ.get("PAGER", None) or "").strip()
+    if pager_cmd:
+        if WIN:
+            if _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color):
+                return
+        elif _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color):
+            return
+    if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
+    if (WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2")) and _tempfilepager(
+        generator, "more", color
+    ):
+        return
+    if _pipepager(generator, "less", color):
+        return
+
+    import tempfile
+
+    fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
+    os.close(fd)
+    try:
+        if _pipepager(generator, "more", color):
+            return
+        return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(filename)
+
+
+def _pipepager(generator: t.Iterable[str], cmd: str, color: t.Optional[bool]) -> bool:
+    """Page through text by feeding it to another program.  Invoking a
+    pager through this might support colors.
+
+    Returns True if the command was found, False otherwise and thus another
+    pager should be attempted.
+    """
+    cmd_absolute = which(cmd)
+    if cmd_absolute is None:
+        return False
+
+    import subprocess
+
+    env = dict(os.environ)
+
+    # If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
+    # condition that
+    cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit("/", 1)[-1].split()
+    if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == "less":
+        less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_detail[1:])}"
+        if not less_flags:
+            env["LESS"] = "-R"
+            color = True
+        elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
+            color = True
+
+    c = subprocess.Popen(
+        [cmd_absolute],
+        shell=True,
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=env,
+        errors="replace",
+        text=True,
+    )
+    assert c.stdin is not None
+    try:
+        for text in generator:
+            if not color:
+                text = strip_ansi(text)
+
+            c.stdin.write(text)
+    except (OSError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+        pass
+    else:
+        c.stdin.close()
+
+    # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
+    # search or other commands inside less).
+    #
+    # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
+    # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
+    #
+    # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
+    # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
+    while True:
+        try:
+            c.wait()
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            pass
+        else:
+            break
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _tempfilepager(
+    generator: t.Iterable[str],
+    cmd: str,
+    color: t.Optional[bool],
+) -> bool:
+    """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.
+
+    Returns True if the command was found, False otherwise and thus another
+    pager should be attempted.
+    """
+    # Which is necessary for Windows, it is also recommended in the Popen docs.
+    cmd_absolute = which(cmd)
+    if cmd_absolute is None:
+        return False
+
+    import subprocess
+    import tempfile
+
+    fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
+    # TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates.
+    text = "".join(generator)
+    if not color:
+        text = strip_ansi(text)
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
+    with open_stream(filename, "wb")[0] as f:
+        f.write(text.encode(encoding))
+    try:
+        subprocess.call([cmd_absolute, filename])
+    except OSError:
+        # Command not found
+        pass
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+        os.unlink(filename)
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _nullpager(
+    stream: t.TextIO, generator: t.Iterable[str], color: t.Optional[bool]
+) -> None:
+    """Simply print unformatted text.  This is the ultimate fallback."""
+    for text in generator:
+        if not color:
+            text = strip_ansi(text)
+        stream.write(text)
+
+
+class Editor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editor: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+        require_save: bool = True,
+        extension: str = ".txt",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editor = editor
+        self.env = env
+        self.require_save = require_save
+        self.extension = extension
+
+    def get_editor(self) -> str:
+        if self.editor is not None:
+            return self.editor
+        for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
+            rv = os.environ.get(key)
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        if WIN:
+            return "notepad"
+        for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
+            if which(editor) is not None:
+                return editor
+        return "vi"
+
+    def edit_file(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        import subprocess
+
+        editor = self.get_editor()
+        environ: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
+
+        if self.env:
+            environ = os.environ.copy()
+            environ.update(self.env)
+
+        try:
+            c = subprocess.Popen(f'{editor} "{filename}"', env=environ, shell=True)
+            exit_code = c.wait()
+            if exit_code != 0:
+                raise ClickException(
+                    _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
+                )
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise ClickException(
+                _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
+            ) from e
+
+    def edit(self, text: t.Optional[t.AnyStr]) -> t.Optional[t.AnyStr]:
+        import tempfile
+
+        if not text:
+            data = b""
+        elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            data = text
+        else:
+            if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
+                text += "\n"
+
+            if WIN:
+                data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
+            else:
+                data = text.encode("utf-8")
+
+        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
+        f: t.BinaryIO
+
+        try:
+            with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
+            # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
+            # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
+            # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
+            os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
+            # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
+            # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
+            timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
+
+            self.edit_file(name)
+
+            if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
+                return None
+
+            with open(name, "rb") as f:
+                rv = f.read()
+
+            if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                return rv
+
+            return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n")  # type: ignore
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(name)
+
+
+def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    import subprocess
+
+    def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
+        from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+        if url.startswith("file://"):
+            url = unquote(url[7:])
+
+        return url
+
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        args = ["open"]
+        if wait:
+            args.append("-W")
+        if locate:
+            args.append("-R")
+        args.append(_unquote_file(url))
+        null = open("/dev/null", "w")
+        try:
+            return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
+        finally:
+            null.close()
+    elif WIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["explorer", f"/select,{url}"]
+        else:
+            args = ["start"]
+            if wait:
+                args.append("/WAIT")
+            args.append("")
+            args.append(url)
+        try:
+            return subprocess.call(args)
+        except OSError:
+            # Command not found
+            return 127
+    elif CYGWIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["cygstart", os.path.dirname(url)]
+        else:
+            args = ["cygstart"]
+            if wait:
+                args.append("-w")
+            args.append(url)
+        try:
+            return subprocess.call(args)
+        except OSError:
+            # Command not found
+            return 127
+
+    try:
+        if locate:
+            url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
+        else:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+        c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
+        if wait:
+            return c.wait()
+        return 0
+    except OSError:
+        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
+            import webbrowser
+
+            webbrowser.open(url)
+            return 0
+        return 1
+
+
+def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> t.Optional[BaseException]:
+    if ch == "\x03":
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    if ch == "\x04" and not WIN:  # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
+        raise EOFError()
+
+    if ch == "\x1a" and WIN:  # Windows, Ctrl+Z
+        raise EOFError()
+
+    return None
+
+
+if WIN:
+    import msvcrt
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
+        yield -1
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
+        # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
+        # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
+        #
+        # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
+        # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
+        #
+        # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
+        # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
+        # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
+        # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
+        # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
+        # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
+        # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
+        # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
+        # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
+        #
+        # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
+        # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
+        # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
+        # character is typed.
+        # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
+        # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
+        # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
+        # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
+        # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
+        #
+        # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
+        # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
+        func: t.Callable[[], str]
+
+        if echo:
+            func = msvcrt.getwche  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            func = msvcrt.getwch  # type: ignore
+
+        rv = func()
+
+        if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
+            # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
+            # see above.
+            rv += func()
+
+        _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
+        return rv
+
+else:
+    import termios
+    import tty
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> t.Iterator[int]:
+        f: t.Optional[t.TextIO]
+        fd: int
+
+        if not isatty(sys.stdin):
+            f = open("/dev/tty")
+            fd = f.fileno()
+        else:
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            f = None
+
+        try:
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+
+            try:
+                tty.setraw(fd)
+                yield fd
+            finally:
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+                if f is not None:
+                    f.close()
+        except termios.error:
+            pass
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        with raw_terminal() as fd:
+            ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
+
+            if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
+                sys.stdout.write(ch)
+
+            _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
+            return ch
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b47dcbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import textwrap
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+
+class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
+    def _handle_long_word(
+        self,
+        reversed_chunks: t.List[str],
+        cur_line: t.List[str],
+        cur_len: int,
+        width: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
+
+        if self.break_long_words:
+            last = reversed_chunks[-1]
+            cut = last[:space_left]
+            res = last[space_left:]
+            cur_line.append(cut)
+            reversed_chunks[-1] = res
+        elif not cur_line:
+            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def extra_indent(self, indent: str) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+        old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
+        old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
+        self.initial_indent += indent
+        self.subsequent_indent += indent
+
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
+            self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
+
+    def indent_only(self, text: str) -> str:
+        rv = []
+
+        for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+            indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            if idx > 0:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+
+            rv.append(f"{indent}{line}")
+
+        return "\n".join(rv)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b20df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
+# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
+# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
+#
+# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
+# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
+# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
+# echo and prompt.
+import io
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from ctypes import byref
+from ctypes import c_char
+from ctypes import c_char_p
+from ctypes import c_int
+from ctypes import c_ssize_t
+from ctypes import c_ulong
+from ctypes import c_void_p
+from ctypes import POINTER
+from ctypes import py_object
+from ctypes import Structure
+from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD
+from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR
+
+from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper
+
+assert sys.platform == "win32"
+import msvcrt  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import windll  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE  # noqa: E402
+
+c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
+
+kernel32 = windll.kernel32
+GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
+ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
+WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
+GetConsoleMode = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
+GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(("GetCommandLineW", windll.kernel32))
+CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
+    ("CommandLineToArgvW", windll.shell32)
+)
+LocalFree = WINFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p)(("LocalFree", windll.kernel32))
+
+STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
+STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
+STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
+
+PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
+PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
+
+ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
+ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
+
+STDIN_FILENO = 0
+STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+EOF = b"\x1a"
+MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
+
+try:
+    from ctypes import pythonapi
+except ImportError:
+    # On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
+    # severely limited.
+    get_buffer = None
+else:
+
+    class Py_buffer(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [
+            ("buf", c_void_p),
+            ("obj", py_object),
+            ("len", c_ssize_t),
+            ("itemsize", c_ssize_t),
+            ("readonly", c_int),
+            ("ndim", c_int),
+            ("format", c_char_p),
+            ("shape", c_ssize_p),
+            ("strides", c_ssize_p),
+            ("suboffsets", c_ssize_p),
+            ("internal", c_void_p),
+        ]
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
+    PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
+
+    def get_buffer(obj, writable=False):
+        buf = Py_buffer()
+        flags = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
+
+        try:
+            buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
+            return buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
+        finally:
+            PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
+    def __init__(self, handle):
+        self.handle = handle
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        super().isatty()
+        return True
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def readable(self):
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
+        if not bytes_to_be_read:
+            return 0
+        elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot read odd number of bytes from UTF-16-LE encoded console"
+            )
+
+        buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
+        code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
+        code_units_read = c_ulong()
+
+        rv = ReadConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buffer,
+            code_units_to_be_read,
+            byref(code_units_read),
+            None,
+        )
+        if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
+            # wait for KeyboardInterrupt
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        if not rv:
+            raise OSError(f"Windows error: {GetLastError()}")
+
+        if buffer[0] == EOF:
+            return 0
+        return 2 * code_units_read.value
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def writable(self):
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_error_message(errno):
+        if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
+            return "ERROR_SUCCESS"
+        elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+            return "ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY"
+        return f"Windows error {errno}"
+
+    def write(self, b):
+        bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
+        buf = get_buffer(b)
+        code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
+        code_units_written = c_ulong()
+
+        WriteConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buf,
+            code_units_to_be_written,
+            byref(code_units_written),
+            None,
+        )
+        bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
+
+        if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
+            raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
+        return bytes_written
+
+
+class ConsoleStream:
+    def __init__(self, text_stream: t.TextIO, byte_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._text_stream = text_stream
+        self.buffer = byte_stream
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.buffer.name
+
+    def write(self, x: t.AnyStr) -> int:
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            return self._text_stream.write(x)
+        try:
+            self.flush()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return self.buffer.write(x)
+
+    def writelines(self, lines: t.Iterable[t.AnyStr]) -> None:
+        for line in lines:
+            self.write(line)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.buffer.isatty()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<ConsoleStream name={self.name!r} encoding={self.encoding!r}>"
+
+
+def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+_stream_factories: t.Mapping[int, t.Callable[[t.BinaryIO], t.TextIO]] = {
+    0: _get_text_stdin,
+    1: _get_text_stdout,
+    2: _get_text_stderr,
+}
+
+
+def _is_console(f: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    if not hasattr(f, "fileno"):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        fileno = f.fileno()
+    except (OSError, io.UnsupportedOperation):
+        return False
+
+    handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fileno)
+    return bool(GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())))
+
+
+def _get_windows_console_stream(
+    f: t.TextIO, encoding: t.Optional[str], errors: t.Optional[str]
+) -> t.Optional[t.TextIO]:
+    if (
+        get_buffer is not None
+        and encoding in {"utf-16-le", None}
+        and errors in {"strict", None}
+        and _is_console(f)
+    ):
+        func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
+        if func is not None:
+            b = getattr(f, "buffer", None)
+
+            if b is None:
+                return None
+
+            return func(b)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e630501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3047 @@
+import enum
+import errno
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from collections import abc
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+from itertools import repeat
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import types
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .exceptions import Exit
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import join_options
+from .globals import pop_context
+from .globals import push_context
+from .parser import _flag_needs_value
+from .parser import OptionParser
+from .parser import split_opt
+from .termui import confirm
+from .termui import prompt
+from .termui import style
+from .utils import _detect_program_name
+from .utils import _expand_args
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import make_default_short_help
+from .utils import make_str
+from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .decorators import HelpOption
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _complete_visible_commands(
+    ctx: "Context", incomplete: str
+) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, "Command"]]:
+    """List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
+    incomplete value and aren't hidden.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    multi = t.cast(MultiCommand, ctx.command)
+
+    for name in multi.list_commands(ctx):
+        if name.startswith(incomplete):
+            command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is not None and not command.hidden:
+                yield name, command
+
+
+def _check_multicommand(
+    base_command: "MultiCommand", cmd_name: str, cmd: "Command", register: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, MultiCommand):
+        return
+    if register:
+        hint = (
+            "It is not possible to add multi commands as children to"
+            " another multi command that is in chain mode."
+        )
+    else:
+        hint = (
+            "Found a multi command as subcommand to a multi command"
+            " that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
+        )
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        f"{hint}. Command {base_command.name!r} is set to chain and"
+        f" {cmd_name!r} was added as a subcommand but it in itself is a"
+        f" multi command. ({cmd_name!r} is a {type(cmd).__name__}"
+        f" within a chained {type(base_command).__name__} named"
+        f" {base_command.name!r})."
+    )
+
+
+def batch(iterable: t.Iterable[V], batch_size: int) -> t.List[t.Tuple[V, ...]]:
+    return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size)))
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def augment_usage_errors(
+    ctx: "Context", param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None
+) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+    """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except BadParameter as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        if param is not None and e.param is None:
+            e.param = param
+        raise
+    except UsageError as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        raise
+
+
+def iter_params_for_processing(
+    invocation_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
+    declaration_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
+) -> t.List["Parameter"]:
+    """Returns all declared parameters in the order they should be processed.
+
+    The declared parameters are re-shuffled depending on the order in which
+    they were invoked, as well as the eagerness of each parameters.
+
+    The invocation order takes precedence over the declaration order. I.e. the
+    order in which the user provided them to the CLI is respected.
+
+    This behavior and its effect on callback evaluation is detailed at:
+    https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/advanced/#callback-evaluation-order
+    """
+
+    def sort_key(item: "Parameter") -> t.Tuple[bool, float]:
+        try:
+            idx: float = invocation_order.index(item)
+        except ValueError:
+            idx = float("inf")
+
+        return not item.is_eager, idx
+
+    return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key)
+
+
+class ParameterSource(enum.Enum):
+    """This is an :class:`~enum.Enum` that indicates the source of a
+    parameter's value.
+
+    Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
+    source for a parameter by name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``PROMPT`` value.
+    """
+
+    COMMANDLINE = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided by the command line args."""
+    ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided with an environment variable."""
+    DEFAULT = enum.auto()
+    """Used the default specified by the parameter."""
+    DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto()
+    """Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
+    PROMPT = enum.auto()
+    """Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
+
+
+class Context:
+    """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant
+    for the script execution at every single level.  It's normally invisible
+    to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
+
+    The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
+    control special execution features such as reading data from
+    environment variables.
+
+    A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
+    :meth:`close` on teardown.
+
+    :param command: the command class for this context.
+    :param parent: the parent context.
+    :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                      is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                      command.  For the toplevel script it is usually
+                      the name of the script, for commands below it it's
+                      the name of the script.
+    :param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
+    :param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
+                               variables.  If this is `None` then reading
+                               from environment variables is disabled.  This
+                               does not affect manually set environment
+                               variables which are always read.
+    :param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values
+                        for parameters.
+    :param terminal_width: the width of the terminal.  The default is
+                           inherit from parent context.  If no context
+                           defines the terminal width then auto
+                           detection will be applied.
+    :param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
+                              Click (this currently only affects help
+                              pages).  This defaults to 80 characters if
+                              not overridden.  In other words: even if the
+                              terminal is larger than that, Click will not
+                              format things wider than 80 characters by
+                              default.  In addition to that, formatters might
+                              add some safety mapping on the right.
+    :param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
+                              parse without any interactivity or callback
+                              invocation.  Default values will also be
+                              ignored.  This is useful for implementing
+                              things such as completion support.
+    :param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
+                             at the end will not raise an error and will be
+                             kept on the context.  The default is to inherit
+                             from the command.
+    :param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options
+                                    and arguments cannot be mixed.  The
+                                    default is to inherit from the command.
+    :param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does
+                                   not know and keeps them for later
+                                   processing.
+    :param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
+                              the default help parameter is named.  The
+                              default is ``['--help']``.
+    :param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
+                                 normalize tokens (options, choices,
+                                 etc.).  This for instance can be used to
+                                 implement case insensitive behavior.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
+                  default not the case.  This for instance would affect
+                  help output.
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
+        value is not set, it defaults to the value from the parent
+        context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
+        specific command.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
+        ``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
+        parent context.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+       Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
+        ``max_content_width`` parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
+        ``token_normalize_func`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    #: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    formatter_class: t.Type["HelpFormatter"] = HelpFormatter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command: "Command",
+        parent: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+        info_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        obj: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+        auto_envvar_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        default_map: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        resilient_parsing: bool = False,
+        allow_extra_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        allow_interspersed_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        ignore_unknown_options: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        help_option_names: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None,
+        token_normalize_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], str]] = None,
+        color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        show_default: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
+        self.parent = parent
+        #: the :class:`Command` for this context.
+        self.command = command
+        #: the descriptive information name
+        self.info_name = info_name
+        #: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters
+        #: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
+        self.params: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        #: the leftover arguments.
+        self.args: t.List[str] = []
+        #: protected arguments.  These are arguments that are prepended
+        #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but
+        #: must be never propagated to another arguments.  This is used
+        #: to implement nested parsing.
+        self.protected_args: t.List[str] = []
+        #: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
+        self._opt_prefixes: t.Set[str] = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
+
+        if obj is None and parent is not None:
+            obj = parent.obj
+
+        #: the user object stored.
+        self.obj: t.Any = obj
+        self._meta: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
+
+        #: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters.
+        if (
+            default_map is None
+            and info_name is not None
+            and parent is not None
+            and parent.default_map is not None
+        ):
+            default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
+
+        self.default_map: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = default_map
+
+        #: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A
+        #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's
+        #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes
+        #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be
+        #: the name of the subcommand to execute.
+        #:
+        #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case
+        #: any commands are executed.  It is however not possible to
+        #: figure out which ones.  If you require this knowledge you
+        #: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
+        self.invoked_subcommand: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+        if terminal_width is None and parent is not None:
+            terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
+
+        #: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
+        self.terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = terminal_width
+
+        if max_content_width is None and parent is not None:
+            max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
+
+        #: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible
+        #: default which is 80 for most things).
+        self.max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = max_content_width
+
+        if allow_extra_args is None:
+            allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should
+        #: fail on parsing.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
+
+        if allow_interspersed_args is None:
+            allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and
+        #: options or not.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = allow_interspersed_args
+
+        if ignore_unknown_options is None:
+            ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        #: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not
+        #: understand and will store it on the context for later
+        #: processing.  This is primarily useful for situations where you
+        #: want to call into external programs.  Generally this pattern is
+        #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly
+        #: forward all arguments.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = ignore_unknown_options
+
+        if help_option_names is None:
+            if parent is not None:
+                help_option_names = parent.help_option_names
+            else:
+                help_option_names = ["--help"]
+
+        #: The names for the help options.
+        self.help_option_names: t.List[str] = help_option_names
+
+        if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None:
+            token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
+
+        #: An optional normalization function for tokens.  This is
+        #: options, choices, commands etc.
+        self.token_normalize_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], str]] = (
+            token_normalize_func
+        )
+
+        #: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled.  In that case Click
+        #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values
+        #: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
+        self.resilient_parsing: bool = resilient_parsing
+
+        # If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and
+        # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar
+        # prefix automatically.
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is None:
+            if (
+                parent is not None
+                and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                and self.info_name is not None
+            ):
+                auto_envvar_prefix = (
+                    f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
+                )
+        else:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
+
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is not None:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
+
+        self.auto_envvar_prefix: t.Optional[str] = auto_envvar_prefix
+
+        if color is None and parent is not None:
+            color = parent.color
+
+        #: Controls if styling output is wanted or not.
+        self.color: t.Optional[bool] = color
+
+        if show_default is None and parent is not None:
+            show_default = parent.show_default
+
+        #: Show option default values when formatting help text.
+        self.show_default: t.Optional[bool] = show_default
+
+        self._close_callbacks: t.List[t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = []
+        self._depth = 0
+        self._parameter_source: t.Dict[str, ParameterSource] = {}
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
+        structure.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with Context(cli) as ctx:
+                info = ctx.to_info_dict()
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "command": self.command.to_info_dict(self),
+            "info_name": self.info_name,
+            "allow_extra_args": self.allow_extra_args,
+            "allow_interspersed_args": self.allow_interspersed_args,
+            "ignore_unknown_options": self.ignore_unknown_options,
+            "auto_envvar_prefix": self.auto_envvar_prefix,
+        }
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Context":
+        self._depth += 1
+        push_context(self)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._depth -= 1
+        if self._depth == 0:
+            self.close()
+        pop_context()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> t.Iterator["Context"]:
+        """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
+        it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
+        The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
+        can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`.  The cleanup
+        functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
+
+        If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
+        used as a context manager.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            with ctx.scope():
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        This is equivalent::
+
+            with ctx:
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+        :param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or
+                        not.  The default is to run these functions.  In
+                        some situations the context only wants to be
+                        temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
+                        Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup.
+        """
+        if not cleanup:
+            self._depth += 1
+        try:
+            with self as rv:
+                yield rv
+        finally:
+            if not cleanup:
+                self._depth -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
+        that are nested.  It exists so that click utilities can store some
+        state here if they need to.  It is however the responsibility of
+        that code to manage this dictionary well.
+
+        The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings.  For instance
+        module paths are a good choice for it.  What is stored in there is
+        irrelevant for the operation of click.  However what is important is
+        that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
+        the system.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
+
+            def set_language(value):
+                ctx = get_current_context()
+                ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
+
+            def get_language():
+                return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US')
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+        """
+        return self._meta
+
+    def make_formatter(self) -> HelpFormatter:
+        """Creates the :class:`~click.HelpFormatter` for the help and
+        usage output.
+
+        To quickly customize the formatter class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+        """
+        return self.formatter_class(
+            width=self.terminal_width, max_width=self.max_content_width
+        )
+
+    def with_resource(self, context_manager: t.ContextManager[V]) -> V:
+        """Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
+        statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
+        popped.
+
+        Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
+        resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
+        the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
+        resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
+
+        To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
+        context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something
+        from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option("--name")
+            @click.pass_context
+            def cli(ctx):
+                ctx.obj = ctx.with_resource(connect_db(name))
+
+        :param context_manager: The context manager to enter.
+        :return: Whatever ``context_manager.__enter__()`` returns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.enter_context(context_manager)
+
+    def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
+
+        This can be used to close resources opened during the script
+        execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
+        protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
+        registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
+
+        :param f: The function to execute on teardown.
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Invoke all close callbacks registered with
+        :meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered
+        with :meth:`with_resource`.
+        """
+        self._exit_stack.close()
+        # In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+    @property
+    def command_path(self) -> str:
+        """The computed command path.  This is used for the ``usage``
+        information on the help page.  It's automatically created by
+        combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root.
+        """
+        rv = ""
+        if self.info_name is not None:
+            rv = self.info_name
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
+
+            if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command):
+                for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
+                    parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
+
+            rv = f"{' '.join(parent_command_path)} {rv}"
+        return rv.lstrip()
+
+    def find_root(self) -> "Context":
+        """Finds the outermost context."""
+        node = self
+        while node.parent is not None:
+            node = node.parent
+        return node
+
+    def find_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> t.Optional[V]:
+        """Finds the closest object of a given type."""
+        node: t.Optional[Context] = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            if isinstance(node.obj, object_type):
+                return node.obj
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return None
+
+    def ensure_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> V:
+        """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
+        new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        rv = self.find_object(object_type)
+        if rv is None:
+            self.obj = rv = object_type()
+        return rv
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Any]: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: "te.Literal[False]" = ...
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]: ...
+
+    def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+        """Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
+
+        :param name: Name of the parameter.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        if self.default_map is not None:
+            value = self.default_map.get(name)
+
+            if call and callable(value):
+                return value()
+
+            return value
+
+        return None
+
+    def fail(self, message: str) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
+        message.
+
+        :param message: the error message to fail with.
+        """
+        raise UsageError(message, self)
+
+    def abort(self) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Aborts the script."""
+        raise Abort()
+
+    def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Exits the application with a given exit code."""
+        raise Exit(code)
+
+    def get_usage(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_usage(self)
+
+    def get_help(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_help(self)
+
+    def _make_sub_context(self, command: "Command") -> "Context":
+        """Create a new context of the same type as this context, but
+        for a new command.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        return type(self)(command, info_name=command.name, parent=self)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(
+        __self,
+        __callback: "t.Callable[..., V]",
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> V: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(
+        __self,
+        __callback: "Command",
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def invoke(
+        __self,
+        __callback: t.Union["Command", "t.Callable[..., V]"],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Any, V]:
+        """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects.  There
+        are two ways to invoke this method:
+
+        1.  the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
+            keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
+        2.  the first argument is a click command object.  In that case all
+            arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
+            (options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
+            will fill in defaults.
+
+        Note that before Click 3.2 keyword arguments were not properly filled
+        in against the intention of this code and no context was created.  For
+        more information about this change and why it was done in a bugfix
+        release see :ref:`upgrade-to-3.2`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels.
+        """
+        if isinstance(__callback, Command):
+            other_cmd = __callback
+
+            if other_cmd.callback is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
+                )
+            else:
+                __callback = t.cast("t.Callable[..., V]", other_cmd.callback)
+
+            ctx = __self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
+
+            for param in other_cmd.params:
+                if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value:
+                    kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value(  # type: ignore
+                        ctx, param.get_default(ctx)
+                    )
+
+            # Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass
+            # them on in subsequent calls.
+            ctx.params.update(kwargs)
+        else:
+            ctx = __self
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(__self):
+            with ctx:
+                return __callback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def forward(__self, __cmd: "Command", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
+        arguments from the current context if the other command expects
+        it.  This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels.
+        """
+        # Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks.
+        if not isinstance(__cmd, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
+
+        for param in __self.params:
+            if param not in kwargs:
+                kwargs[param] = __self.params[param]
+
+        return __self.invoke(__cmd, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None:
+        """Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`.
+        """
+        self._parameter_source[name] = source
+
+    def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> t.Optional[ParameterSource]:
+        """Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
+        on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
+        will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
+        value was actually taken from the default.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :rtype: ParameterSource
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
+            source.
+        """
+        return self._parameter_source.get(name)
+
+
+class BaseCommand:
+    """The base command implements the minimal API contract of commands.
+    Most code will never use this as it does not implement a lot of useful
+    functionality but it can act as the direct subclass of alternative
+    parsing methods that do not depend on the Click parser.
+
+    For instance, this can be used to bridge Click and other systems like
+    argparse or docopt.
+
+    Because base commands do not implement a lot of the API that other
+    parts of Click take for granted, they are not supported for all
+    operations.  For instance, they cannot be used with the decorators
+    usually and they have no built-in callback system.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+       Added the `context_settings` parameter.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
+    :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
+                             passed to the context object.
+    """
+
+    #: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    context_class: t.Type[Context] = Context
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
+    allow_extra_args = False
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
+    allow_interspersed_args = True
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
+    ignore_unknown_options = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        context_settings: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the name the command thinks it has.  Upon registering a command
+        #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name
+        #: with this information.  You should instead use the
+        #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
+        self.name = name
+
+        if context_settings is None:
+            context_settings = {}
+
+        #: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
+        self.context_settings: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] = context_settings
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire structure
+        below this command.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        :param ctx: A :class:`Context` representing this command.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {"name": self.name}
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Base commands cannot get usage")
+
+    def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Base commands cannot get help")
+
+    def make_context(
+        self,
+        info_name: t.Optional[str],
+        args: t.List[str],
+        parent: t.Optional[Context] = None,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Context:
+        """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
+        off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`.  It does not
+        invoke the actual command callback though.
+
+        To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+
+        :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                          is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                          command.  For the toplevel script it's usually
+                          the name of the script, for commands below it's
+                          the name of the command.
+        :param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
+        :param parent: the parent context if available.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+        """
+        for key, value in self.context_settings.items():
+            if key not in extra:
+                extra[key] = value
+
+        ctx = self.context_class(
+            self,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            info_name=info_name,
+            parent=parent,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+        with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+            self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+        return ctx
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Given a context and a list of arguments this creates the parser
+        and parses the arguments, then modifies the context as necessary.
+        This is automatically invoked by :meth:`make_context`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Base commands do not know how to parse arguments.")
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """Given a context, this invokes the command.  The default
+        implementation is raising a not implemented error.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Base commands are not invocable by default")
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of chained multi-commands.
+
+        Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
+        commands are valid at any point during command completion. Other
+        command classes will return more completions.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results: t.List[CompletionItem] = []
+
+        while ctx.parent is not None:
+            ctx = ctx.parent
+
+            if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain:
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+                    for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+                    if name not in ctx.protected_args
+                )
+
+        return results
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        standalone_mode: "te.Literal[True]" = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn": ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = ...,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = True,
+        windows_expand_args: bool = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
+        whistles as a command line application.  This will always terminate
+        the application after a call.  If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit``
+        needs to be caught.
+
+        This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
+        a :class:`Command`.
+
+        :param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing.  If not
+                     provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
+        :param prog_name: the program name that should be used.  By default
+                          the program name is constructed by taking the file
+                          name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
+        :param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
+                             bash completion support.  The default is
+                             ``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
+                             uppercase.
+        :param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script
+                                in standalone mode.  Click will then
+                                handle exceptions and convert them into
+                                error messages and the function will never
+                                return but shut down the interpreter.  If
+                                this is set to `False` they will be
+                                propagated to the caller and the return
+                                value of this function is the return value
+                                of :meth:`invoke`.
+        :param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
+            env vars in command line args on Windows.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.  See :class:`Context` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
+            disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
+            patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+           Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter.
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+            if os.name == "nt" and windows_expand_args:
+                args = _expand_args(args)
+        else:
+            args = list(args)
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = _detect_program_name()
+
+        # Process shell completion requests and exit early.
+        self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
+                    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
+                    if not standalone_mode:
+                        return rv
+                    # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here!
+                    # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which
+                    # has obvious effects
+                    # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of
+                    # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not
+                    # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure
+                    # by its truthiness/falsiness
+                    ctx.exit()
+            except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
+                echo(file=sys.stderr)
+                raise Abort() from e
+            except ClickException as e:
+                if not standalone_mode:
+                    raise
+                e.show()
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
+                    sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
+                    sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exit as e:
+            if standalone_mode:
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            else:
+                # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code
+                # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises
+                # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which
+                # would return its result
+                # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be
+                # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to
+                # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to
+                # tell the difference between the two
+                return e.exit_code
+        except Abort:
+            if not standalone_mode:
+                raise
+            echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def _main_shell_completion(
+        self,
+        ctx_args: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
+        that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
+        program is invoked.
+
+        :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+        :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+            the completion instruction. Defaults to
+            ``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+            Dots (``.``) in ``prog_name`` are replaced with underscores (``_``).
+        """
+        if complete_var is None:
+            complete_name = prog_name.replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
+            complete_var = f"_{complete_name}_COMPLETE".upper()
+
+        instruction = os.environ.get(complete_var)
+
+        if not instruction:
+            return
+
+        from .shell_completion import shell_complete
+
+        rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
+        sys.exit(rv)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Alias for :meth:`main`."""
+        return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
+    Click.  A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
+    more parsing to commands nested below it.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
+    :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
+                             passed to the context object.
+    :param callback: the callback to invoke.  This is optional.
+    :param params: the parameters to register with this command.  This can
+                   be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
+    :param help: the help string to use for this command.
+    :param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
+                   help page after everything else.
+    :param short_help: the short help to use for this command.  This is
+                       shown on the command listing of the parent command.
+    :param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
+                            option.  This can be disabled by this parameter.
+    :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
+                            provided.  This option is disabled by default.
+                            If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument
+                            if no arguments are passed
+    :param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
+
+    :param deprecated: issues a message indicating that
+                             the command is deprecated.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        ``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
+        all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init,
+        and is done even if not using the ``@command`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``context_settings`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        context_settings: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
+        params: t.Optional[t.List["Parameter"]] = None,
+        help: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        epilog: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        short_help: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        options_metavar: t.Optional[str] = "[OPTIONS]",
+        add_help_option: bool = True,
+        no_args_is_help: bool = False,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, context_settings)
+        #: the callback to execute when the command fires.  This might be
+        #: `None` in which case nothing happens.
+        self.callback = callback
+        #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they
+        #: should show up in the help page and execute.  Eager parameters
+        #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
+        self.params: t.List[Parameter] = params or []
+        self.help = help
+        self.epilog = epilog
+        self.options_metavar = options_metavar
+        self.short_help = short_help
+        self.add_help_option = add_help_option
+        self._help_option: t.Optional[HelpOption] = None
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
+        info_dict.update(
+            params=[param.to_info_dict() for param in self.get_params(ctx)],
+            help=self.help,
+            epilog=self.epilog,
+            short_help=self.short_help,
+            hidden=self.hidden,
+            deprecated=self.deprecated,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the usage line into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_usage` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_params(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List["Parameter"]:
+        rv = self.params
+        help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx)
+
+        if help_option is not None:
+            rv = [*rv, help_option]
+
+        return rv
+
+    def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the usage line into the formatter.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`.
+        """
+        pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
+        it as a list of strings.
+        """
+        rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
+
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
+
+        return rv
+
+    def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Returns the names for the help option."""
+        all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names)
+        for param in self.params:
+            all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
+            all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts)
+        return list(all_names)
+
+    def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional["Option"]:
+        """Returns the help option object.
+
+        Unless ``add_help_option`` is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1.8
+            The help option is now cached to avoid creating it multiple times.
+        """
+        help_options = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
+
+        if not help_options or not self.add_help_option:
+            return None
+
+        # Cache the help option object in private _help_option attribute to
+        # avoid creating it multiple times. Not doing this will break the
+        # callback odering by iter_params_for_processing(), which relies on
+        # object comparison.
+        if self._help_option is None:
+            # Avoid circular import.
+            from .decorators import HelpOption
+
+            self._help_option = HelpOption(help_options)
+
+        return self._help_option
+
+    def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> OptionParser:
+        """Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
+        parser = OptionParser(ctx)
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx)
+        return parser
+
+    def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the help into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_help` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_help(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str:
+        """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
+        long help string.
+        """
+        if self.short_help:
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help)
+        elif self.help:
+            text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit)
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
+
+        return text.strip()
+
+    def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
+
+        This calls the following methods:
+
+        -   :meth:`format_usage`
+        -   :meth:`format_help_text`
+        -   :meth:`format_options`
+        -   :meth:`format_epilog`
+        """
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.help is not None:
+            # truncate the help text to the first form feed
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.help).partition("\f")[0]
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
+
+        if text:
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(text)
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
+        opts = []
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv = param.get_help_record(ctx)
+            if rv is not None:
+                opts.append(rv)
+
+        if opts:
+            with formatter.section(_("Options")):
+                formatter.write_dl(opts)
+
+    def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.epilog:
+            epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(epilog)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+        parser = self.make_parser(ctx)
+        opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args)
+
+        for param in iter_params_for_processing(param_order, self.get_params(ctx)):
+            value, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
+
+        if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            ctx.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "Got unexpected extra argument ({args})",
+                    "Got unexpected extra arguments ({args})",
+                    len(args),
+                ).format(args=" ".join(map(str, args)))
+            )
+
+        ctx.args = args
+        ctx._opt_prefixes.update(parser._opt_prefixes)
+        return args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists)
+        in the right way.
+        """
+        if self.deprecated:
+            message = _(
+                "DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated."
+            ).format(name=self.name)
+            echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results: t.List[CompletionItem] = []
+
+        if incomplete and not incomplete[0].isalnum():
+            for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(param, Option)
+                    or param.hidden
+                    or (
+                        not param.multiple
+                        and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name)  # type: ignore
+                        is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+                    )
+                ):
+                    continue
+
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=param.help)
+                    for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts]
+                    if name.startswith(incomplete)
+                )
+
+        results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
+        return results
+
+
+class MultiCommand(Command):
+    """A multi command is the basic implementation of a command that
+    dispatches to subcommands.  The most common version is the
+    :class:`Group`.
+
+    :param invoke_without_command: this controls how the multi command itself
+                                   is invoked.  By default it's only invoked
+                                   if a subcommand is provided.
+    :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
+                            provided.  This option is enabled by default if
+                            `invoke_without_command` is disabled or disabled
+                            if it's enabled.  If enabled this will add
+                            ``--help`` as argument if no arguments are
+                            passed.
+    :param subcommand_metavar: the string that is used in the documentation
+                               to indicate the subcommand place.
+    :param chain: if this is set to `True` chaining of multiple subcommands
+                  is enabled.  This restricts the form of commands in that
+                  they cannot have optional arguments but it allows
+                  multiple commands to be chained together.
+    :param result_callback: The result callback to attach to this multi
+        command. This can be set or changed later with the
+        :meth:`result_callback` decorator.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Command`.
+    """
+
+    allow_extra_args = True
+    allow_interspersed_args = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        invoke_without_command: bool = False,
+        no_args_is_help: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        subcommand_metavar: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        chain: bool = False,
+        result_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **attrs)
+
+        if no_args_is_help is None:
+            no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command
+
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
+
+        if subcommand_metavar is None:
+            if chain:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
+            else:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
+
+        self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
+        self.chain = chain
+        # The result callback that is stored. This can be set or
+        # overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
+        self._result_callback = result_callback
+
+        if self.chain:
+            for param in self.params:
+                if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "Multi commands in chain mode cannot have"
+                        " optional arguments."
+                    )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
+        commands = {}
+
+        for name in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            command = self.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is None:
+                continue
+
+            sub_ctx = ctx._make_sub_context(command)
+
+            with sub_ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+                commands[name] = command.to_info_dict(sub_ctx)
+
+        info_dict.update(commands=commands, chain=self.chain)
+        return info_dict
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        rv = super().collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar)
+        return rv
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        super().format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Adds a result callback to the command.  By default if a
+        result callback is already registered this will chain them but
+        this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter.  The result
+        callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
+        (or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining
+        is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
+        to the main callback.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option('-i', '--input', default=23)
+            def cli(input):
+                return 42
+
+            @cli.result_callback()
+            def process_result(result, input):
+                return result + input
+
+        :param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result
+                        callback will be removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Renamed from ``resultcallback``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: F) -> F:
+            old_callback = self._result_callback
+
+            if old_callback is None or replace:
+                self._result_callback = f
+                return f
+
+            def function(__value, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+                inner = old_callback(__value, *args, **kwargs)
+                return f(inner, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            self._result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(t.cast(F, function), f)
+            return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
+        after the options.
+        """
+        commands = []
+        for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand)
+            # What is this, the tool lied about a command.  Ignore it
+            if cmd is None:
+                continue
+            if cmd.hidden:
+                continue
+
+            commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
+
+        # allow for 3 times the default spacing
+        if len(commands):
+            limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
+
+            rows = []
+            for subcommand, cmd in commands:
+                help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
+                rows.append((subcommand, help))
+
+            if rows:
+                with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
+                    formatter.write_dl(rows)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+        rest = super().parse_args(ctx, args)
+
+        if self.chain:
+            ctx.protected_args = rest
+            ctx.args = []
+        elif rest:
+            ctx.protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:]
+
+        return ctx.args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            if self._result_callback is not None:
+                value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params)
+            return value
+
+        if not ctx.protected_args:
+            if self.invoke_without_command:
+                # No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is
+                # invoked with the group return value for regular
+                # groups, or an empty list for chained groups.
+                with ctx:
+                    rv = super().invoke(ctx)
+                    return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
+            ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
+
+        # Fetch args back out
+        args = [*ctx.protected_args, *ctx.args]
+        ctx.args = []
+        ctx.protected_args = []
+
+        # If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a
+        # single command but we also inform the current context about the
+        # name of the command to invoke.
+        if not self.chain:
+            # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up
+            # resources until the result processor has worked.
+            with ctx:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
+                super().invoke(ctx)
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+
+        # In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the
+        # base command has been invoked.  Because at that point we do not
+        # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is
+        # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed
+        # but nothing else.
+        with ctx:
+            ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*" if args else None
+            super().invoke(ctx)
+
+            # Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a
+            # chain.  In that case the return value to the result processor
+            # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
+            contexts = []
+            while args:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
+                    cmd_name,
+                    args,
+                    parent=ctx,
+                    allow_extra_args=True,
+                    allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                )
+                contexts.append(sub_ctx)
+                args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
+
+            rv = []
+            for sub_ctx in contexts:
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+            return _process_result(rv)
+
+    def resolve_command(
+        self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.Optional[Command], t.List[str]]:
+        cmd_name = make_str(args[0])
+        original_cmd_name = cmd_name
+
+        # Get the command
+        cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we can't find the command but there is a normalization
+        # function available, we try with that one.
+        if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we don't find the command we want to show an error message
+        # to the user that it was not provided.  However, there is
+        # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like
+        # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to
+        # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main
+        # place.
+        if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            if split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
+                self.parse_args(ctx, ctx.args)
+            ctx.fail(_("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=original_cmd_name))
+        return cmd_name if cmd else None, cmd, args[1:]
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
+        """Given a context and a command name, this returns a
+        :class:`Command` object if it exists or returns `None`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should
+        appear.
+        """
+        return []
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
+        multi-commands.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results = [
+            CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+            for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+        ]
+        results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
+        return results
+
+
+class Group(MultiCommand):
+    """A group allows a command to have subcommands attached. This is
+    the most common way to implement nesting in Click.
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param commands: A dict mapping names to :class:`Command` objects.
+        Can also be a list of :class:`Command`, which will use
+        :attr:`Command.name` to create the dict.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in
+        :class:`MultiCommand`, :class:`Command`, and
+        :class:`BaseCommand`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``commands`` argument can be a list of command objects.
+    """
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subcommands use a custom command class.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    command_class: t.Optional[t.Type[Command]] = None
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subgroups use a custom group class.
+    #:
+    #: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally
+    #: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the
+    #: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make
+    #: custom groups.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    group_class: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Type["Group"], t.Type[type]]] = None
+    # Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        commands: t.Optional[
+            t.Union[t.MutableMapping[str, Command], t.Sequence[Command]]
+        ] = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **attrs)
+
+        if commands is None:
+            commands = {}
+        elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
+            commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name is not None}
+
+        #: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
+        self.commands: t.MutableMapping[str, Command] = commands
+
+    def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group.  If the name
+        is not provided, the name of the command is used.
+        """
+        name = name or cmd.name
+        if name is None:
+            raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
+        _check_multicommand(self, name, cmd, register=True)
+        self.commands[name] = cmd
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command]: ...
+
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command], Command]:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
+        immediately registers the created command with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the command class used, set the
+        :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import command
+
+        func: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert (
+                len(args) == 1 and not kwargs
+            ), "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
+            cmd: Command = command(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> "Group": ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], "Group"]: ...
+
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], "Group"], "Group"]:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
+        immediately registers the created group with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
+        attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import group
+
+        func: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert (
+                len(args) == 1 and not kwargs
+            ), "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            if self.group_class is type:
+                kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
+            else:
+                kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> "Group":
+            cmd: Group = group(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
+        return self.commands.get(cmd_name)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        return sorted(self.commands)
+
+
+class CommandCollection(MultiCommand):
+    """A command collection is a multi command that merges multiple multi
+    commands together into one.  This is a straightforward implementation
+    that accepts a list of different multi commands as sources and
+    provides all the commands for each of them.
+
+    See :class:`MultiCommand` and :class:`Command` for the description of
+    ``name`` and ``attrs``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        sources: t.Optional[t.List[MultiCommand]] = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **attrs)
+        #: The list of registered multi commands.
+        self.sources: t.List[MultiCommand] = sources or []
+
+    def add_source(self, multi_cmd: MultiCommand) -> None:
+        """Adds a new multi command to the chain dispatcher."""
+        self.sources.append(multi_cmd)
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+            if rv is not None:
+                if self.chain:
+                    _check_multicommand(self, cmd_name, rv)
+
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        rv: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
+
+        return sorted(rv)
+
+
+def _check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+    """Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
+    error, or return an iterator over the value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    return iter(value)
+
+
+class Parameter:
+    r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
+    :class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s.  Other subclasses are currently
+    not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
+    intentionally not finalized.
+
+    Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
+
+    :param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
+                        argument.  This is a list of flags or argument
+                        names.
+    :param type: the type that should be used.  Either a :class:`ParamType`
+                 or a Python type.  The latter is converted into the former
+                 automatically if supported.
+    :param required: controls if this is optional or not.
+    :param default: the default value if omitted.  This can also be a callable,
+                    in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
+                    without any arguments.
+    :param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
+        after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)``
+        and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
+        including prompts.
+    :param nargs: the number of arguments to match.  If not ``1`` the return
+                  value is a tuple instead of single value.  The default for
+                  nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's
+                  the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
+                  parameters are collected.
+    :param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
+    :param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
+                         to the command callback and stored on the context,
+                         otherwise it's skipped.
+    :param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones.  This
+                     should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
+                     order of processing.
+    :param envvar: a string or list of strings that are environment variables
+                   that should be checked.
+    :param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
+        completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
+        given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
+        of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
+        strings.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
+        ``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
+        the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
+        ``full_process_value`` is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
+        semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
+        be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
+        new requirements.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
+        tuples.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
+        default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
+        default to ``()``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
+        empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
+        variables if they can't unset them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
+        parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will
+        raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "parameter"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        type: t.Optional[t.Union[types.ParamType, t.Any]] = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        default: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]] = None,
+        callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Context, "Parameter", t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
+        nargs: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        metavar: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        expose_value: bool = True,
+        is_eager: bool = False,
+        envvar: t.Optional[t.Union[str, t.Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        shell_complete: t.Optional[
+            t.Callable[
+                [Context, "Parameter", str],
+                t.Union[t.List["CompletionItem"], t.List[str]],
+            ]
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name: t.Optional[str]
+        self.opts: t.List[str]
+        self.secondary_opts: t.List[str]
+        self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = self._parse_decls(
+            param_decls or (), expose_value
+        )
+        self.type: types.ParamType = types.convert_type(type, default)
+
+        # Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that
+        # information available.
+        if nargs is None:
+            if self.type.is_composite:
+                nargs = self.type.arity
+            else:
+                nargs = 1
+
+        self.required = required
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.multiple = multiple
+        self.expose_value = expose_value
+        self.default = default
+        self.is_eager = is_eager
+        self.metavar = metavar
+        self.envvar = envvar
+        self._custom_shell_complete = shell_complete
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
+                    f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
+                )
+
+            # Skip no default or callable default.
+            check_default = default if not callable(default) else None
+
+            if check_default is not None:
+                if multiple:
+                    try:
+                        # Only check the first value against nargs.
+                        check_default = next(_check_iter(check_default), None)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "'default' must be a list when 'multiple' is true."
+                        ) from None
+
+                # Can be None for multiple with empty default.
+                if nargs != 1 and check_default is not None:
+                    try:
+                        _check_iter(check_default)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        if multiple:
+                            message = (
+                                "'default' must be a list of lists when 'multiple' is"
+                                " true and 'nargs' != 1."
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            message = "'default' must be a list when 'nargs' != 1."
+
+                        raise ValueError(message) from None
+
+                    if nargs > 1 and len(check_default) != nargs:
+                        subject = "item length" if multiple else "length"
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"'default' {subject} must match nargs={nargs}."
+                        )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "param_type_name": self.param_type_name,
+            "opts": self.opts,
+            "secondary_opts": self.secondary_opts,
+            "type": self.type.to_info_dict(),
+            "required": self.required,
+            "nargs": self.nargs,
+            "multiple": self.multiple,
+            "default": self.default,
+            "envvar": self.envvar,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the human readable name of this parameter.  This is the
+        same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments.
+        """
+        return self.name  # type: ignore
+
+    def make_metavar(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+
+        metavar = self.type.get_metavar(self)
+
+        if metavar is None:
+            metavar = self.type.name.upper()
+
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            metavar += "..."
+
+        return metavar
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Any]: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]: ...
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
+        """Get the default for the parameter. Tries
+        :meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
+
+        :param ctx: Current context.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
+            Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
+            defaults will not prevent showing help text.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False)  # type: ignore
+
+        if value is None:
+            value = self.default
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        value = opts.get(self.name)  # type: ignore
+        source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        if value is None:
+            value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
+
+        if value is None:
+            value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name)  # type: ignore
+            source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+
+        if value is None:
+            value = self.get_default(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert and validate a value against the option's
+        :attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`.
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            return () if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1 else None
+
+        def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+            try:
+                return _check_iter(value)
+            except TypeError:
+                # This should only happen when passing in args manually,
+                # the parser should construct an iterable when parsing
+                # the command line.
+                raise BadParameter(
+                    _("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
+                ) from None
+
+        if self.nargs == 1 or self.type.is_composite:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                return self.type(value, param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        elif self.nargs == -1:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        else:  # nargs > 1
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                value = tuple(check_iter(value))
+
+                if len(value) != self.nargs:
+                    raise BadParameter(
+                        ngettext(
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but 1 was given.",
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but {len} were given.",
+                            len(value),
+                        ).format(nargs=self.nargs, len=len(value)),
+                        ctx=ctx,
+                        param=self,
+                    )
+
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in value)
+
+        if self.multiple:
+            return tuple(convert(x) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        return convert(value)
+
+    def value_is_missing(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        if value is None:
+            return True
+
+        if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == ():
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        value = self.type_cast_value(ctx, value)
+
+        if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value):
+            raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[str]:
+        if self.envvar is None:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.envvar, str):
+            rv = os.environ.get(self.envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        else:
+            for envvar in self.envvar:
+                rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+                if rv:
+                    return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+        rv: t.Optional[t.Any] = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1:
+            rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def handle_parse_result(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], args: t.List[str]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, t.List[str]]:
+        with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self):
+            value, source = self.consume_value(ctx, opts)
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, source)  # type: ignore
+
+            try:
+                value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
+            except Exception:
+                if not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                    raise
+
+                value = None
+
+        if self.expose_value:
+            ctx.params[self.name] = value  # type: ignore
+
+        return value, args
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
+        pass
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
+        indicate which param caused the error.
+        """
+        hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name]
+        return " / ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in hint_list)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
+        ``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
+        Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
+        :meth:`~click.types.ParamType.shell_complete` function is used.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        if self._custom_shell_complete is not None:
+            results = self._custom_shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+            if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
+                from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+                results = [CompletionItem(c) for c in results]
+
+            return t.cast(t.List["CompletionItem"], results)
+
+        return self.type.shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+
+class Option(Parameter):
+    """Options are usually optional values on the command line and
+    have some extra features that arguments don't have.
+
+    All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
+
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
+        help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
+        :attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
+        string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
+        actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options.
+        For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
+        its value is ``False``.
+    :param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
+        shown on the help page. Normally, environment variables are not
+        shown.
+    :param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
+        user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
+        will be the option name capitalized.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
+        ``True`` to customize the message.
+    :param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
+        prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
+        without a value.
+    :param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
+        will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
+    :param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag.  The default is
+                    auto detection.
+    :param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
+                       enabled.  This is set to a boolean automatically if
+                       the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
+    :param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
+                     multiple times and recorded.  This is similar to ``nargs``
+                     in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
+                     arguments.
+    :param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
+    :param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
+                               parameter will be pulled from an environment
+                               variable in case a prefix is defined on the
+                               context.
+    :param help: the help string.
+    :param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Parameter`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
+        Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
+        ``@option`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
+        The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
+        ``Context.show_default``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
+        The default of a single option boolean flag is not shown if the
+        default value is ``False``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+        ``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "option"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        show_default: t.Union[bool, str, None] = None,
+        prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
+        confirmation_prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
+        prompt_required: bool = True,
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+        is_flag: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        flag_value: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        count: bool = False,
+        allow_from_autoenv: bool = True,
+        type: t.Optional[t.Union[types.ParamType, t.Any]] = None,
+        help: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        show_envvar: bool = False,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if help:
+            help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
+
+        default_is_missing = "default" not in attrs
+        super().__init__(param_decls, type=type, multiple=multiple, **attrs)
+
+        if prompt is True:
+            if self.name is None:
+                raise TypeError("'name' is required with 'prompt=True'.")
+
+            prompt_text: t.Optional[str] = self.name.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
+        elif prompt is False:
+            prompt_text = None
+        else:
+            prompt_text = prompt
+
+        self.prompt = prompt_text
+        self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt
+        self.prompt_required = prompt_required
+        self.hide_input = hide_input
+        self.hidden = hidden
+
+        # If prompt is enabled but not required, then the option can be
+        # used as a flag to indicate using prompt or flag_value.
+        self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt is not None and not self.prompt_required
+
+        if is_flag is None:
+            if flag_value is not None:
+                # Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
+                is_flag = True
+            elif self._flag_needs_value:
+                # Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
+                is_flag = False
+            else:
+                # Implicitly a flag because flag options were given.
+                is_flag = bool(self.secondary_opts)
+        elif is_flag is False and not self._flag_needs_value:
+            # Not a flag, and prompt is not enabled, can be used as a
+            # flag if flag_value is set.
+            self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not None
+
+        self.default: t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]
+
+        if is_flag and default_is_missing and not self.required:
+            if multiple:
+                self.default = ()
+            else:
+                self.default = False
+
+        if flag_value is None:
+            flag_value = not self.default
+
+        self.type: types.ParamType
+        if is_flag and type is None:
+            # Re-guess the type from the flag value instead of the
+            # default.
+            self.type = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
+
+        self.is_flag: bool = is_flag
+        self.is_bool_flag: bool = is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
+        self.flag_value: t.Any = flag_value
+
+        # Counting
+        self.count = count
+        if count:
+            if type is None:
+                self.type = types.IntRange(min=0)
+            if default_is_missing:
+                self.default = 0
+
+        self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+        self.show_envvar = show_envvar
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.nargs == -1:
+                raise TypeError("nargs=-1 is not supported for options.")
+
+            if self.prompt and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+                raise TypeError("'prompt' is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
+
+            if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                raise TypeError("Secondary flag is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input and self.prompt is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "'prompt' with 'hide_input' is not valid for boolean flag."
+                )
+
+            if self.count:
+                if self.multiple:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'multiple'.")
+
+                if self.is_flag:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'is_flag'.")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            help=self.help,
+            prompt=self.prompt,
+            is_flag=self.is_flag,
+            flag_value=self.flag_value,
+            count=self.count,
+            hidden=self.hidden,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
+        opts = []
+        secondary_opts = []
+        name = None
+        possible_names = []
+
+        for decl in decls:
+            if decl.isidentifier():
+                if name is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Name '{name}' defined twice")
+                name = decl
+            else:
+                split_char = ";" if decl[:1] == "/" else "/"
+                if split_char in decl:
+                    first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
+                    first = first.rstrip()
+                    if first:
+                        possible_names.append(split_opt(first))
+                        opts.append(first)
+                    second = second.lstrip()
+                    if second:
+                        secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip())
+                    if first == second:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the"
+                            " same flag for true/false."
+                        )
+                else:
+                    possible_names.append(split_opt(decl))
+                    opts.append(decl)
+
+        if name is None and possible_names:
+            possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0]))  # group long options first
+            name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower()
+            if not name.isidentifier():
+                name = None
+
+        if name is None:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return None, opts, secondary_opts
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Could not determine name for option with declarations {decls!r}"
+            )
+
+        if not opts and not secondary_opts:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"No options defined but a name was passed ({name})."
+                " Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
+                f" you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
+            )
+
+        return name, opts, secondary_opts
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        if self.multiple:
+            action = "append"
+        elif self.count:
+            action = "count"
+        else:
+            action = "store"
+
+        if self.is_flag:
+            action = f"{action}_const"
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self, opts=self.opts, dest=self.name, action=action, const=True
+                )
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.secondary_opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=False,
+                )
+            else:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=self.flag_value,
+                )
+        else:
+            parser.add_option(
+                obj=self,
+                opts=self.opts,
+                dest=self.name,
+                action=action,
+                nargs=self.nargs,
+            )
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+
+        any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+        def _write_opts(opts: t.Sequence[str]) -> str:
+            nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
+
+            rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts)
+
+            if any_slashes:
+                any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+            if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
+                rv += f" {self.make_metavar()}"
+
+            return rv
+
+        rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
+
+        if self.secondary_opts:
+            rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
+
+        help = self.help or ""
+        extra = []
+
+        if self.show_envvar:
+            envvar = self.envvar
+
+            if envvar is None:
+                if (
+                    self.allow_from_autoenv
+                    and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                    and self.name is not None
+                ):
+                    envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+
+            if envvar is not None:
+                var_str = (
+                    envvar
+                    if isinstance(envvar, str)
+                    else ", ".join(str(d) for d in envvar)
+                )
+                extra.append(_("env var: {var}").format(var=var_str))
+
+        # Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting
+        # failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to
+        # help formatting in general.
+        resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ctx.resilient_parsing = True
+
+        try:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx, call=False)
+        finally:
+            ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
+
+        show_default = False
+        show_default_is_str = False
+
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.show_default, str):
+                show_default_is_str = show_default = True
+            else:
+                show_default = self.show_default
+        elif ctx.show_default is not None:
+            show_default = ctx.show_default
+
+        if show_default_is_str or (show_default and (default_value is not None)):
+            if show_default_is_str:
+                default_string = f"({self.show_default})"
+            elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
+                default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value)
+            elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
+                default_string = _("(dynamic)")
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                # For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts,
+                # use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
+                default_string = split_opt(
+                    (self.opts if default_value else self.secondary_opts)[0]
+                )[1]
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and not self.secondary_opts and not default_value:
+                default_string = ""
+            elif default_value == "":
+                default_string = '""'
+            else:
+                default_string = str(default_value)
+
+            if default_string:
+                extra.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=default_string))
+
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase)
+            # skip count with default range type
+            and not (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max is None)
+        ):
+            range_str = self.type._describe_range()
+
+            if range_str:
+                extra.append(range_str)
+
+        if self.required:
+            extra.append(_("required"))
+
+        if extra:
+            extra_str = "; ".join(extra)
+            help = f"{help}  [{extra_str}]" if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
+
+        return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Any]: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]: ...
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
+        # If we're a non boolean flag our default is more complex because
+        # we need to look at all flags in the same group to figure out
+        # if we're the default one in which case we return the flag
+        # value as default.
+        if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            for param in ctx.command.params:
+                if param.name == self.name and param.default:
+                    return t.cast(Option, param).flag_value
+
+            return None
+
+        return super().get_default(ctx, call=call)
+
+    def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
+        value processing if a value does not exist.  It will prompt the
+        user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
+        value as result.
+        """
+        assert self.prompt is not None
+
+        # Calculate the default before prompting anything to be stable.
+        default = self.get_default(ctx)
+
+        # If this is a prompt for a flag we need to handle this
+        # differently.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            return confirm(self.prompt, default)
+
+        return prompt(
+            self.prompt,
+            default=default,
+            type=self.type,
+            hide_input=self.hide_input,
+            show_choices=self.show_choices,
+            confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt,
+            value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x),
+        )
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[str]:
+        rv = super().resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        if (
+            self.allow_from_autoenv
+            and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+            and self.name is not None
+        ):
+            envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+            rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+        rv: t.Optional[t.Any] = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is None:
+            return None
+
+        value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)
+
+        if value_depth > 0:
+            rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+
+            if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1:
+                rv = batch(rv, self.nargs)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, "Parameter"]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        value, source = super().consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+        # The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option can be
+        # given as a flag without a value. This is different from None
+        # to distinguish from the flag not being given at all.
+        if value is _flag_needs_value:
+            if self.prompt is not None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+                source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+            else:
+                value = self.flag_value
+                source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        elif (
+            self.multiple
+            and value is not None
+            and any(v is _flag_needs_value for v in value)
+        ):
+            value = [self.flag_value if v is _flag_needs_value else v for v in value]
+            source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt if
+        # prompting is enabled.
+        elif (
+            source in {None, ParameterSource.DEFAULT}
+            and self.prompt is not None
+            and (self.required or self.prompt_required)
+            and not ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ):
+            value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+
+        return value, source
+
+
+class Argument(Parameter):
+    """Arguments are positional parameters to a command.  They generally
+    provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs``
+    and are required by default.
+
+    All parameters are passed onwards to the constructor of :class:`Parameter`.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "argument"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: t.Sequence[str],
+        required: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if required is None:
+            if attrs.get("default") is not None:
+                required = False
+            else:
+                required = attrs.get("nargs", 1) > 0
+
+        if "multiple" in attrs:
+            raise TypeError("__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'multiple'.")
+
+        super().__init__(param_decls, required=required, **attrs)
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.default is not None and self.nargs == -1:
+                raise TypeError("'default' is not supported for nargs=-1.")
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        return self.name.upper()  # type: ignore
+
+    def make_metavar(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        var = self.type.get_metavar(self)
+        if not var:
+            var = self.name.upper()  # type: ignore
+        if not self.required:
+            var = f"[{var}]"
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            var += "..."
+        return var
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
+        if not decls:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return None, [], []
+            raise TypeError("Argument is marked as exposed, but does not have a name.")
+        if len(decls) == 1:
+            name = arg = decls[0]
+            name = name.replace("-", "_").lower()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
+                f" {len(decls)}."
+            )
+        return name, [arg], []
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
+        return [self.make_metavar()]
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        return f"'{self.make_metavar()}'"
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, obj=self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf8906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+import inspect
+import types
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .globals import get_current_context
+from .utils import echo
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+_AnyCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+FC = t.TypeVar("FC", bound=t.Union[_AnyCallable, Command])
+
+
+def pass_context(f: "t.Callable[te.Concatenate[Context, P], R]") -> "t.Callable[P, R]":
+    """Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
+    object as first argument.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs") -> "R":
+        return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def pass_obj(f: "t.Callable[te.Concatenate[t.Any, P], R]") -> "t.Callable[P, R]":
+    """Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
+    context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`).  This is useful if that object
+    represents the state of a nested system.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs") -> "R":
+        return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def make_pass_decorator(
+    object_type: t.Type[T], ensure: bool = False
+) -> t.Callable[["t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]"], "t.Callable[P, R]"]:
+    """Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
+    similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
+    current context, it will find the innermost context of type
+    :func:`object_type`.
+
+    This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
+
+        from functools import update_wrapper
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            @pass_context
+            def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+                return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+        return decorator
+
+    :param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
+    :param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
+                   remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: "t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]") -> "t.Callable[P, R]":
+        def new_func(*args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs") -> "R":
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+
+            obj: t.Optional[T]
+            if ensure:
+                obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
+            else:
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+
+            if obj is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Managed to invoke callback without a context"
+                    f" object of type {object_type.__name__!r}"
+                    " existing."
+                )
+
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def pass_meta_key(
+    key: str, *, doc_description: t.Optional[str] = None
+) -> "t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[t.Any, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]":
+    """Create a decorator that passes a key from
+    :attr:`click.Context.meta` as the first argument to the decorated
+    function.
+
+    :param key: Key in ``Context.meta`` to pass.
+    :param doc_description: Description of the object being passed,
+        inserted into the decorator's docstring. Defaults to "the 'key'
+        key from Context.meta".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: "t.Callable[te.Concatenate[t.Any, P], R]") -> "t.Callable[P, R]":
+        def new_func(*args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs") -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+            obj = ctx.meta[key]
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    if doc_description is None:
+        doc_description = f"the {key!r} key from :attr:`click.Context.meta`"
+
+    decorator.__doc__ = (
+        f"Decorator that passes {doc_description} as the first argument"
+        " to the decorated function."
+    )
+    return decorator
+
+
+CmdType = t.TypeVar("CmdType", bound=Command)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def command(name: _AnyCallable) -> Command: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @command(namearg, CommandCls, ...) or @command(namearg, cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: t.Optional[str],
+    cls: t.Type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @command(cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: t.Type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: t.Optional[str] = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command]: ...
+
+
+def command(
+    name: t.Union[t.Optional[str], _AnyCallable] = None,
+    cls: t.Optional[t.Type[CmdType]] = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Union[Command, t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Union[Command, CmdType]]]:
+    r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
+    callback.  This will also automatically attach all decorated
+    :func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
+
+    The name of the command defaults to the name of the function with
+    underscores replaced by dashes.  If you want to change that, you can
+    pass the intended name as the first argument.
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
+    For the ``params`` argument, any decorated params are appended to
+    the end of the list.
+
+    Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
+    that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
+    command :class:`Group`.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command.  This defaults to the function
+                 name with underscores replaced by dashes.
+    :param cls: the command class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``params`` argument can be used. Decorated params are
+        appended to the end of the list.
+    """
+
+    func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Any]] = None
+
+    if callable(name):
+        func = name
+        name = None
+        assert cls is None, "Use 'command(cls=cls)(callable)' to specify a class."
+        assert not attrs, "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast(t.Type[CmdType], Command)
+
+    def decorator(f: _AnyCallable) -> CmdType:
+        if isinstance(f, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Attempted to convert a callback into a command twice.")
+
+        attr_params = attrs.pop("params", None)
+        params = attr_params if attr_params is not None else []
+
+        try:
+            decorator_params = f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            del f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+            params.extend(reversed(decorator_params))
+
+        if attrs.get("help") is None:
+            attrs["help"] = f.__doc__
+
+        if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            assert cls is not None
+            assert not callable(name)
+
+        cmd = cls(
+            name=name or f.__name__.lower().replace("_", "-"),
+            callback=f,
+            params=params,
+            **attrs,
+        )
+        cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+        return cmd
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return decorator(func)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+GrpType = t.TypeVar("GrpType", bound=Group)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def group(name: _AnyCallable) -> Group: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @group(namearg, GroupCls, ...) or @group(namearg, cls=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: t.Optional[str],
+    cls: t.Type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @group(cmd=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: t.Type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: t.Optional[str] = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group]: ...
+
+
+def group(
+    name: t.Union[str, _AnyCallable, None] = None,
+    cls: t.Optional[t.Type[GrpType]] = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Union[Group, t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Union[Group, GrpType]]]:
+    """Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback.  This
+    works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
+    parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast(t.Type[GrpType], Group)
+
+    if callable(name):
+        return command(cls=cls, **attrs)(name)
+
+    return command(name, cls, **attrs)
+
+
+def _param_memo(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any], param: Parameter) -> None:
+    if isinstance(f, Command):
+        f.params.append(param)
+    else:
+        if not hasattr(f, "__click_params__"):
+            f.__click_params__ = []  # type: ignore
+
+        f.__click_params__.append(param)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def argument(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: t.Optional[t.Type[Argument]] = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an argument to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default argument class, refer to :class:`Argument` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the argument class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Argument`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Argument
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def option(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: t.Optional[t.Type[Option]] = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an option to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default option class, refer to :class:`Option` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the option class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Option`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Option
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def confirmation_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--yes`` option which shows a prompt before continuing if
+    not passed. If the prompt is declined, the program will exit.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--yes"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            ctx.abort()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--yes",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", callback)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", "Do you want to continue?")
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", "Confirm the action without prompting.")
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def password_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--password`` option which prompts for a password, hiding
+    input and asking to enter the value again for confirmation.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--password"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--password",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("confirmation_prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("hide_input", True)
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def version_option(
+    version: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    *param_decls: str,
+    package_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    message: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--version`` option which immediately prints the version
+    number and exits the program.
+
+    If ``version`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it using
+    :func:`importlib.metadata.version` to get the version for the
+    ``package_name``. On Python < 3.8, the ``importlib_metadata``
+    backport must be installed.
+
+    If ``package_name`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it by
+    inspecting the stack frames. This will be used to detect the
+    version, so it must match the name of the installed package.
+
+    :param version: The version number to show. If not provided, Click
+        will try to detect it.
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--version"``.
+    :param package_name: The package name to detect the version from. If
+        not provided, Click will try to detect it.
+    :param prog_name: The name of the CLI to show in the message. If not
+        provided, it will be detected from the command.
+    :param message: The message to show. The values ``%(prog)s``,
+        ``%(package)s``, and ``%(version)s`` are available. Defaults to
+        ``"%(prog)s, version %(version)s"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    :raise RuntimeError: ``version`` could not be detected.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Add the ``package_name`` parameter, and the ``%(package)s``
+        value for messages.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :mod:`importlib.metadata` instead of ``pkg_resources``. The
+        version is detected based on the package name, not the entry
+        point name. The Python package name must match the installed
+        package name, or be passed with ``package_name=``.
+    """
+    if message is None:
+        message = _("%(prog)s, version %(version)s")
+
+    if version is None and package_name is None:
+        frame = inspect.currentframe()
+        f_back = frame.f_back if frame is not None else None
+        f_globals = f_back.f_globals if f_back is not None else None
+        # break reference cycle
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+        del frame
+
+        if f_globals is not None:
+            package_name = f_globals.get("__name__")
+
+            if package_name == "__main__":
+                package_name = f_globals.get("__package__")
+
+            if package_name:
+                package_name = package_name.partition(".")[0]
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            return
+
+        nonlocal prog_name
+        nonlocal version
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = ctx.find_root().info_name
+
+        if version is None and package_name is not None:
+            metadata: t.Optional[types.ModuleType]
+
+            try:
+                from importlib import metadata
+            except ImportError:
+                # Python < 3.8
+                import importlib_metadata as metadata  # type: ignore
+
+            try:
+                version = metadata.version(package_name)  # type: ignore
+            except metadata.PackageNotFoundError:  # type: ignore
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"{package_name!r} is not installed. Try passing"
+                    " 'package_name' instead."
+                ) from None
+
+        if version is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Could not determine the version for {package_name!r} automatically."
+            )
+
+        echo(
+            message % {"prog": prog_name, "package": package_name, "version": version},
+            color=ctx.color,
+        )
+        ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--version",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show the version and exit."))
+    kwargs["callback"] = callback
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HelpOption(Option):
+    """Pre-configured ``--help`` option which immediately prints the help page
+    and exits the program.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not param_decls:
+            param_decls = ("--help",)
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+        kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+        kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+        kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show this message and exit."))
+        kwargs.setdefault("callback", self.show_help)
+
+        super().__init__(param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def show_help(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Callback that print the help page on ``<stdout>`` and exits."""
+        if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+
+def help_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Decorator for the pre-configured ``--help`` option defined above.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--help"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+    kwargs.setdefault("cls", HelpOption)
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b83151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import get_text_stderr
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import format_filename
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Command
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+
+
+def _join_param_hints(
+    param_hint: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Sequence[str], str]],
+) -> t.Optional[str]:
+    if param_hint is not None and not isinstance(param_hint, str):
+        return " / ".join(repr(x) for x in param_hint)
+
+    return param_hint
+
+
+class ClickException(Exception):
+    """An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
+
+    #: The exit code for this exception.
+    exit_code = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # The context will be removed by the time we print the message, so cache
+        # the color settings here to be used later on (in `show`)
+        self.show_color: t.Optional[bool] = resolve_color_default()
+        self.message = message
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def show(self, file: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]] = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=self.show_color,
+        )
+
+
+class UsageError(ClickException):
+    """An internal exception that signals a usage error.  This typically
+    aborts any further handling.
+
+    :param message: the error message to display.
+    :param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error.  Click will
+                fill in the context automatically in some situations.
+    """
+
+    exit_code = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.cmd: t.Optional[Command] = self.ctx.command if self.ctx else None
+
+    def show(self, file: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]] = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+        color = None
+        hint = ""
+        if (
+            self.ctx is not None
+            and self.ctx.command.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None
+        ):
+            hint = _("Try '{command} {option}' for help.").format(
+                command=self.ctx.command_path, option=self.ctx.help_option_names[0]
+            )
+            hint = f"{hint}\n"
+        if self.ctx is not None:
+            color = self.ctx.color
+            echo(f"{self.ctx.get_usage()}\n{hint}", file=file, color=color)
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=color,
+        )
+
+
+class BadParameter(UsageError):
+    """An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
+    bad parameter.  This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
+    Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
+    parameter it is).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param param: the parameter object that caused this error.  This can
+                  be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
+                  if possible.
+    :param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name.  This
+                       can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
+                       where custom validation should happen.  If it is
+                       a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
+                       each item is quoted and separated.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None,
+        param_hint: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.param = param
+        self.param_hint = param_hint
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            return _("Invalid value: {message}").format(message=self.message)
+
+        return _("Invalid value for {param_hint}: {message}").format(
+            param_hint=_join_param_hints(param_hint), message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
+    """Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
+    provided when invoking the script.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
+                       The default is to inherit the parameter type from
+                       the given `param`.  Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
+                       ``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None,
+        param_hint: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        param_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message or "", ctx, param, param_hint)
+        self.param_type = param_type
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint: t.Optional[str] = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            param_hint = None
+
+        param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
+        param_hint = f" {param_hint}" if param_hint else ""
+
+        param_type = self.param_type
+        if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
+            param_type = self.param.param_type_name
+
+        msg = self.message
+        if self.param is not None:
+            msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(self.param)
+            if msg_extra:
+                if msg:
+                    msg += f". {msg_extra}"
+                else:
+                    msg = msg_extra
+
+        msg = f" {msg}" if msg else ""
+
+        # Translate param_type for known types.
+        if param_type == "argument":
+            missing = _("Missing argument")
+        elif param_type == "option":
+            missing = _("Missing option")
+        elif param_type == "parameter":
+            missing = _("Missing parameter")
+        else:
+            missing = _("Missing {param_type}").format(param_type=param_type)
+
+        return f"{missing}{param_hint}.{msg}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self.message:
+            param_name = self.param.name if self.param else None
+            return _("Missing parameter: {param_name}").format(param_name=param_name)
+        else:
+            return self.message
+
+
+class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
+    """Raised if click attempted to handle an option that does not
+    exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_name: str,
+        message: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        possibilities: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such option: {name}").format(name=option_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+        self.possibilities = possibilities
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+
+        possibility_str = ", ".join(sorted(self.possibilities))
+        suggest = ngettext(
+            "Did you mean {possibility}?",
+            "(Possible options: {possibilities})",
+            len(self.possibilities),
+        ).format(possibility=possibility_str, possibilities=possibility_str)
+        return f"{self.message} {suggest}"
+
+
+class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
+    for an option is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, option_name: str, message: str, ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+
+
+class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of values
+    for an argument is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+    """
+
+
+class FileError(ClickException):
+    """Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str, hint: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        if hint is None:
+            hint = _("unknown error")
+
+        super().__init__(hint)
+        self.ui_filename: str = format_filename(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return _("Could not open file {filename!r}: {message}").format(
+            filename=self.ui_filename, message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class Abort(RuntimeError):
+    """An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
+
+
+class Exit(RuntimeError):
+    """An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
+    status code.
+
+    :param code: the status code to exit with.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("exit_code",)
+
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.exit_code: int = code
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddd2a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import term_len
+from .parser import split_opt
+
+# Can force a width.  This is used by the test system
+FORCED_WIDTH: t.Optional[int] = None
+
+
+def measure_table(rows: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, str]]) -> t.Tuple[int, ...]:
+    widths: t.Dict[int, int] = {}
+
+    for row in rows:
+        for idx, col in enumerate(row):
+            widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
+
+    return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
+
+
+def iter_rows(
+    rows: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, str]], col_count: int
+) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, ...]]:
+    for row in rows:
+        yield row + ("",) * (col_count - len(row))
+
+
+def wrap_text(
+    text: str,
+    width: int = 78,
+    initial_indent: str = "",
+    subsequent_indent: str = "",
+    preserve_paragraphs: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """A helper function that intelligently wraps text.  By default, it
+    assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
+    `preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
+    handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
+
+    If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
+    line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
+    no rewrapping should happen in that block.
+
+    :param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
+    :param width: the maximum width for the text.
+    :param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
+                           first line as a string.
+    :param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
+                              each consecutive line.
+    :param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
+                                intelligently handle paragraphs.
+    """
+    from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
+
+    text = text.expandtabs()
+    wrapper = TextWrapper(
+        width,
+        initial_indent=initial_indent,
+        subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
+        replace_whitespace=False,
+    )
+    if not preserve_paragraphs:
+        return wrapper.fill(text)
+
+    p: t.List[t.Tuple[int, bool, str]] = []
+    buf: t.List[str] = []
+    indent = None
+
+    def _flush_par() -> None:
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if buf[0].strip() == "\b":
+            p.append((indent or 0, True, "\n".join(buf[1:])))
+        else:
+            p.append((indent or 0, False, " ".join(buf)))
+        del buf[:]
+
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        if not line:
+            _flush_par()
+            indent = None
+        else:
+            if indent is None:
+                orig_len = term_len(line)
+                line = line.lstrip()
+                indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
+            buf.append(line)
+    _flush_par()
+
+    rv = []
+    for indent, raw, text in p:
+        with wrapper.extra_indent(" " * indent):
+            if raw:
+                rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
+            else:
+                rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
+
+    return "\n\n".join(rv)
+
+
+class HelpFormatter:
+    """This class helps with formatting text-based help pages.  It's
+    usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
+    exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
+
+    At present, it always writes into memory.
+
+    :param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
+    :param width: the width for the text.  This defaults to the terminal
+                  width clamped to a maximum of 78.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        indent_increment: int = 2,
+        width: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        max_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import shutil
+
+        self.indent_increment = indent_increment
+        if max_width is None:
+            max_width = 80
+        if width is None:
+            width = FORCED_WIDTH
+            if width is None:
+                width = max(min(shutil.get_terminal_size().columns, max_width) - 2, 50)
+        self.width = width
+        self.current_indent = 0
+        self.buffer: t.List[str] = []
+
+    def write(self, string: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
+        self.buffer.append(string)
+
+    def indent(self) -> None:
+        """Increases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
+
+    def dedent(self) -> None:
+        """Decreases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
+
+    def write_usage(
+        self, prog: str, args: str = "", prefix: t.Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a usage line into the buffer.
+
+        :param prog: the program name.
+        :param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
+        :param prefix: The prefix for the first line. Defaults to
+            ``"Usage: "``.
+        """
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = f"{_('Usage:')} "
+
+        usage_prefix = f"{prefix:>{self.current_indent}}{prog} "
+        text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
+
+        if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
+            # The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
+            indent = " " * term_len(usage_prefix)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args,
+                    text_width,
+                    initial_indent=usage_prefix,
+                    subsequent_indent=indent,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            # The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix)
+            self.write("\n")
+            indent = " " * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args, text_width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_heading(self, heading: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a heading into the buffer."""
+        self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{heading}:\n")
+
+    def write_paragraph(self) -> None:
+        """Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
+        if self.buffer:
+            self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Writes re-indented text into the buffer.  This rewraps and
+        preserves paragraphs.
+        """
+        indent = " " * self.current_indent
+        self.write(
+            wrap_text(
+                text,
+                self.width,
+                initial_indent=indent,
+                subsequent_indent=indent,
+                preserve_paragraphs=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_dl(
+        self,
+        rows: t.Sequence[t.Tuple[str, str]],
+        col_max: int = 30,
+        col_spacing: int = 2,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a definition list into the buffer.  This is how options
+        and commands are usually formatted.
+
+        :param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
+        :param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
+        :param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
+                            second column.
+        """
+        rows = list(rows)
+        widths = measure_table(rows)
+        if len(widths) != 2:
+            raise TypeError("Expected two columns for definition list")
+
+        first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
+
+        for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
+            self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{first}")
+            if not second:
+                self.write("\n")
+                continue
+            if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
+                self.write(" " * (first_col - term_len(first)))
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+                self.write(" " * (first_col + self.current_indent))
+
+            text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
+            wrapped_text = wrap_text(second, text_width, preserve_paragraphs=True)
+            lines = wrapped_text.splitlines()
+
+            if lines:
+                self.write(f"{lines[0]}\n")
+
+                for line in lines[1:]:
+                    self.write(f"{'':>{first_col + self.current_indent}}{line}\n")
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, name: str) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+        """Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
+        and the indents.
+
+        :param name: the section name that is written as heading.
+        """
+        self.write_paragraph()
+        self.write_heading(name)
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def indentation(self) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+        """A context manager that increases the indentation."""
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def getvalue(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the buffer contents."""
+        return "".join(self.buffer)
+
+
+def join_options(options: t.Sequence[str]) -> t.Tuple[str, bool]:
+    """Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
+    way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
+    any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
+    indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
+    """
+    rv = []
+    any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+    for opt in options:
+        prefix = split_opt(opt)[0]
+
+        if prefix == "/":
+            any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+        rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
+
+    rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return ", ".join(x[1] for x in rv), any_prefix_is_slash
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..191e712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import typing as t
+from threading import local
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Context
+
+_local = local()
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: "te.Literal[False]" = False) -> "Context": ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = ...) -> t.Optional["Context"]: ...
+
+
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = False) -> t.Optional["Context"]:
+    """Returns the current click context.  This can be used as a way to
+    access the current context object from anywhere.  This is a more implicit
+    alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator.  This function is
+    primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
+    interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
+
+    To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+    :param silent: if set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
+                   is available.  The default behavior is to raise a
+                   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return t.cast("Context", _local.stack[-1])
+    except (AttributeError, IndexError) as e:
+        if not silent:
+            raise RuntimeError("There is no active click context.") from e
+
+    return None
+
+
+def push_context(ctx: "Context") -> None:
+    """Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
+    _local.__dict__.setdefault("stack", []).append(ctx)
+
+
+def pop_context() -> None:
+    """Removes the top level from the stack."""
+    _local.stack.pop()
+
+
+def resolve_color_default(color: t.Optional[bool] = None) -> t.Optional[bool]:
+    """Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag.  If a
+    value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
+    the current context.
+    """
+    if color is not None:
+        return color
+
+    ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
+
+    if ctx is not None:
+        return ctx.color
+
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..600b843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+"""
+This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
+optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
+optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
+instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
+
+The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
+
+The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
+is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
+generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
+and might cause us issues.
+
+Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
+by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
+
+Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
+Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+"""
+
+# This code uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and
+# maintained by the Python Software Foundation.
+# Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward
+# Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Argument as CoreArgument
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Option as CoreOption
+    from .core import Parameter as CoreParameter
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+# Sentinel value that indicates an option was passed as a flag without a
+# value but is not a flag option. Option.consume_value uses this to
+# prompt or use the flag_value.
+_flag_needs_value = object()
+
+
+def _unpack_args(
+    args: t.Sequence[str], nargs_spec: t.Sequence[int]
+) -> t.Tuple[t.Sequence[t.Union[str, t.Sequence[t.Optional[str]], None]], t.List[str]]:
+    """Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
+    it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
+    and all remaining arguments as the second.
+
+    The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
+    or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
+
+    Missing items are filled with `None`.
+    """
+    args = deque(args)
+    nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
+    rv: t.List[t.Union[str, t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], ...], None]] = []
+    spos: t.Optional[int] = None
+
+    def _fetch(c: "te.Deque[V]") -> t.Optional[V]:
+        try:
+            if spos is None:
+                return c.popleft()
+            else:
+                return c.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+
+    while nargs_spec:
+        nargs = _fetch(nargs_spec)
+
+        if nargs is None:
+            continue
+
+        if nargs == 1:
+            rv.append(_fetch(args))
+        elif nargs > 1:
+            x = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
+
+            # If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
+            # so we need to turn them around.
+            if spos is not None:
+                x.reverse()
+
+            rv.append(tuple(x))
+        elif nargs < 0:
+            if spos is not None:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot have two nargs < 0")
+
+            spos = len(rv)
+            rv.append(None)
+
+    # spos is the position of the wildcard (star).  If it's not `None`,
+    # we fill it with the remainder.
+    if spos is not None:
+        rv[spos] = tuple(args)
+        args = []
+        rv[spos + 1 :] = reversed(rv[spos + 1 :])
+
+    return tuple(rv), list(args)
+
+
+def split_opt(opt: str) -> t.Tuple[str, str]:
+    first = opt[:1]
+    if first.isalnum():
+        return "", opt
+    if opt[1:2] == first:
+        return opt[:2], opt[2:]
+    return first, opt[1:]
+
+
+def normalize_opt(opt: str, ctx: t.Optional["Context"]) -> str:
+    if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
+        return opt
+    prefix, opt = split_opt(opt)
+    return f"{prefix}{ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)}"
+
+
+def split_arg_string(string: str) -> t.List[str]:
+    """Split an argument string as with :func:`shlex.split`, but don't
+    fail if the string is incomplete. Ignores a missing closing quote or
+    incomplete escape sequence and uses the partial token as-is.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        split_arg_string("example 'my file")
+        ["example", "my file"]
+
+        split_arg_string("example my\\")
+        ["example", "my"]
+
+    :param string: String to split.
+    """
+    import shlex
+
+    lex = shlex.shlex(string, posix=True)
+    lex.whitespace_split = True
+    lex.commenters = ""
+    out = []
+
+    try:
+        for token in lex:
+            out.append(token)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Raised when end-of-string is reached in an invalid state. Use
+        # the partial token as-is. The quote or escape character is in
+        # lex.state, not lex.token.
+        out.append(lex.token)
+
+    return out
+
+
+class Option:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: "CoreOption",
+        opts: t.Sequence[str],
+        dest: t.Optional[str],
+        action: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    ):
+        self._short_opts = []
+        self._long_opts = []
+        self.prefixes: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+        for opt in opts:
+            prefix, value = split_opt(opt)
+            if not prefix:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid start character for option ({opt})")
+            self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
+            if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
+                self._short_opts.append(opt)
+            else:
+                self._long_opts.append(opt)
+                self.prefixes.add(prefix)
+
+        if action is None:
+            action = "store"
+
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.action = action
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.const = const
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    @property
+    def takes_value(self) -> bool:
+        return self.action in ("store", "append")
+
+    def process(self, value: t.Any, state: "ParsingState") -> None:
+        if self.action == "store":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "store_const":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = self.const  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append_const":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "count":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unknown action '{self.action}'")
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class Argument:
+    def __init__(self, obj: "CoreArgument", dest: t.Optional[str], nargs: int = 1):
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    def process(
+        self,
+        value: t.Union[t.Optional[str], t.Sequence[t.Optional[str]]],
+        state: "ParsingState",
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.nargs > 1:
+            assert value is not None
+            holes = sum(1 for x in value if x is None)
+            if holes == len(value):
+                value = None
+            elif holes != 0:
+                raise BadArgumentUsage(
+                    _("Argument {name!r} takes {nargs} values.").format(
+                        name=self.dest, nargs=self.nargs
+                    )
+                )
+
+        if self.nargs == -1 and self.obj.envvar is not None and value == ():
+            # Replace empty tuple with None so that a value from the
+            # environment may be tried.
+            value = None
+
+        state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class ParsingState:
+    def __init__(self, rargs: t.List[str]) -> None:
+        self.opts: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.largs: t.List[str] = []
+        self.rargs = rargs
+        self.order: t.List[CoreParameter] = []
+
+
+class OptionParser:
+    """The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
+    parse options and arguments.  It's modelled after optparse and brings
+    a similar but vastly simplified API.  It should generally not be used
+    directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
+
+    It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
+    implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
+    types or defaults).
+
+    :param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
+                should go with.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None) -> None:
+        #: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser.  This might be
+        #: `None` for some advanced use cases.
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        #: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
+        #: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
+        #: non-option.  Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
+        #: safely.
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = True
+        #: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options.  By
+        #: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
+        #: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
+        #: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = False
+
+        if ctx is not None:
+            self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
+            self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        self._short_opt: t.Dict[str, Option] = {}
+        self._long_opt: t.Dict[str, Option] = {}
+        self._opt_prefixes = {"-", "--"}
+        self._args: t.List[Argument] = []
+
+    def add_option(
+        self,
+        obj: "CoreOption",
+        opts: t.Sequence[str],
+        dest: t.Optional[str],
+        action: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser.  The destination
+        is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
+        provided.  Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
+        ``append``, ``append_const`` or ``count``.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        opts = [normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
+        option = Option(obj, opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, const=const)
+        self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
+        for opt in option._short_opts:
+            self._short_opt[opt] = option
+        for opt in option._long_opts:
+            self._long_opt[opt] = option
+
+    def add_argument(
+        self, obj: "CoreArgument", dest: t.Optional[str], nargs: int = 1
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        self._args.append(Argument(obj, dest=dest, nargs=nargs))
+
+    def parse_args(
+        self, args: t.List[str]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Dict[str, t.Any], t.List[str], t.List["CoreParameter"]]:
+        """Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
+        for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
+        arguments if there are any.  The order is a list of objects as they
+        appear on the command line.  If arguments appear multiple times they
+        will be memorized multiple times as well.
+        """
+        state = ParsingState(args)
+        try:
+            self._process_args_for_options(state)
+            self._process_args_for_args(state)
+        except UsageError:
+            if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                raise
+        return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
+
+    def _process_args_for_args(self, state: ParsingState) -> None:
+        pargs, args = _unpack_args(
+            state.largs + state.rargs, [x.nargs for x in self._args]
+        )
+
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
+            arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
+
+        state.largs = args
+        state.rargs = []
+
+    def _process_args_for_options(self, state: ParsingState) -> None:
+        while state.rargs:
+            arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
+            arglen = len(arg)
+            # Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
+            # prefixes are valid.
+            if arg == "--":
+                return
+            elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
+                self._process_opts(arg, state)
+            elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
+                state.largs.append(arg)
+            else:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
+                return
+
+        # Say this is the original argument list:
+        # [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #                            ^
+        # (we are about to process arg(i)).
+        #
+        # Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
+        # [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
+        # been removed from largs).
+        #
+        # The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
+        # If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
+        # then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
+        #
+        #   largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
+        #   rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #
+        # If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
+        # *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
+        # not a very interesting subset!
+
+    def _match_long_opt(
+        self, opt: str, explicit_value: t.Optional[str], state: ParsingState
+    ) -> None:
+        if opt not in self._long_opt:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            possibilities = get_close_matches(opt, self._long_opt)
+            raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=possibilities, ctx=self.ctx)
+
+        option = self._long_opt[opt]
+        if option.takes_value:
+            # At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
+            # explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
+            # branch.  This means that the inserted value will be fully
+            # consumed.
+            if explicit_value is not None:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
+
+            value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+        elif explicit_value is not None:
+            raise BadOptionUsage(
+                opt, _("Option {name!r} does not take a value.").format(name=opt)
+            )
+
+        else:
+            value = None
+
+        option.process(value, state)
+
+    def _match_short_opt(self, arg: str, state: ParsingState) -> None:
+        stop = False
+        i = 1
+        prefix = arg[0]
+        unknown_options = []
+
+        for ch in arg[1:]:
+            opt = normalize_opt(f"{prefix}{ch}", self.ctx)
+            option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
+            i += 1
+
+            if not option:
+                if self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                    unknown_options.append(ch)
+                    continue
+                raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+            if option.takes_value:
+                # Any characters left in arg?  Pretend they're the
+                # next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
+                if i < len(arg):
+                    state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
+                    stop = True
+
+                value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+            else:
+                value = None
+
+            option.process(value, state)
+
+            if stop:
+                break
+
+        # If we got any unknown options we recombine the string of the
+        # remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
+        # to the state as new larg.  This way there is basic combinatorics
+        # that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
+        if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
+            state.largs.append(f"{prefix}{''.join(unknown_options)}")
+
+    def _get_value_from_state(
+        self, option_name: str, option: Option, state: ParsingState
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        nargs = option.nargs
+
+        if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
+            if option.obj._flag_needs_value:
+                # Option allows omitting the value.
+                value = _flag_needs_value
+            else:
+                raise BadOptionUsage(
+                    option_name,
+                    ngettext(
+                        "Option {name!r} requires an argument.",
+                        "Option {name!r} requires {nargs} arguments.",
+                        nargs,
+                    ).format(name=option_name, nargs=nargs),
+                )
+        elif nargs == 1:
+            next_rarg = state.rargs[0]
+
+            if (
+                option.obj._flag_needs_value
+                and isinstance(next_rarg, str)
+                and next_rarg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes
+                and len(next_rarg) > 1
+            ):
+                # The next arg looks like the start of an option, don't
+                # use it as the value if omitting the value is allowed.
+                value = _flag_needs_value
+            else:
+                value = state.rargs.pop(0)
+        else:
+            value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
+            del state.rargs[:nargs]
+
+        return value
+
+    def _process_opts(self, arg: str, state: ParsingState) -> None:
+        explicit_value = None
+        # Long option handling happens in two parts.  The first part is
+        # supporting explicitly attached values.  In any case, we will try
+        # to long match the option first.
+        if "=" in arg:
+            long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            long_opt = arg
+        norm_long_opt = normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
+
+        # At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
+        # the long option matching code.  Note that this allows options
+        # like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
+        try:
+            self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
+        except NoSuchOption:
+            # At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
+            # to try with short options.  However there is a special rule
+            # which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
+            # (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
+            # short option code and will instead raise the no option
+            # error.
+            if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
+                self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
+                return
+
+            if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                raise
+
+            state.largs.append(arg)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d0f09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+import os
+import re
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import BaseCommand
+from .core import Context
+from .core import MultiCommand
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource
+from .parser import split_arg_string
+from .utils import echo
+
+
+def shell_complete(
+    cli: BaseCommand,
+    ctx_args: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    complete_var: str,
+    instruction: str,
+) -> int:
+    """Perform shell completion for the given CLI program.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param ctx_args: Extra arguments to pass to
+        ``cli.make_context``.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+    :param instruction: Value of ``complete_var`` with the completion
+        instruction and shell, in the form ``instruction_shell``.
+    :return: Status code to exit with.
+    """
+    shell, _, instruction = instruction.partition("_")
+    comp_cls = get_completion_class(shell)
+
+    if comp_cls is None:
+        return 1
+
+    comp = comp_cls(cli, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+    if instruction == "source":
+        echo(comp.source())
+        return 0
+
+    if instruction == "complete":
+        echo(comp.complete())
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+class CompletionItem:
+    """Represents a completion value and metadata about the value. The
+    default metadata is ``type`` to indicate special shell handling,
+    and ``help`` if a shell supports showing a help string next to the
+    value.
+
+    Arbitrary parameters can be passed when creating the object, and
+    accessed using ``item.attr``. If an attribute wasn't passed,
+    accessing it returns ``None``.
+
+    :param value: The completion suggestion.
+    :param type: Tells the shell script to provide special completion
+        support for the type. Click uses ``"dir"`` and ``"file"``.
+    :param help: String shown next to the value if supported.
+    :param kwargs: Arbitrary metadata. The built-in implementations
+        don't use this, but custom type completions paired with custom
+        shell support could use it.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("value", "type", "help", "_info")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        type: str = "plain",
+        help: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.value: t.Any = value
+        self.type: str = type
+        self.help: t.Optional[str] = help
+        self._info = kwargs
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self._info.get(name)
+
+
+# Only Bash >= 4.4 has the nosort option.
+_SOURCE_BASH = """\
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local IFS=$'\\n'
+    local response
+
+    response=$(env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \
+%(complete_var)s=bash_complete $1)
+
+    for completion in $response; do
+        IFS=',' read type value <<< "$completion"
+
+        if [[ $type == 'dir' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o dirnames
+        elif [[ $type == 'file' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o default
+        elif [[ $type == 'plain' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY+=($value)
+        fi
+    done
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup() {
+    complete -o nosort -F %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup;
+"""
+
+_SOURCE_ZSH = """\
+#compdef %(prog_name)s
+
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local -a completions
+    local -a completions_with_descriptions
+    local -a response
+    (( ! $+commands[%(prog_name)s] )) && return 1
+
+    response=("${(@f)$(env COMP_WORDS="${words[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \
+%(complete_var)s=zsh_complete %(prog_name)s)}")
+
+    for type key descr in ${response}; do
+        if [[ "$type" == "plain" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
+                completions+=("$key")
+            else
+                completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
+            fi
+        elif [[ "$type" == "dir" ]]; then
+            _path_files -/
+        elif [[ "$type" == "file" ]]; then
+            _path_files -f
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
+        _describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
+        compadd -U -V unsorted -a completions
+    fi
+}
+
+if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+    # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+    %(complete_func)s "$@"
+else
+    # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+    compdef %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+fi
+"""
+
+_SOURCE_FISH = """\
+function %(complete_func)s;
+    set -l response (env %(complete_var)s=fish_complete COMP_WORDS=(commandline -cp) \
+COMP_CWORD=(commandline -t) %(prog_name)s);
+
+    for completion in $response;
+        set -l metadata (string split "," $completion);
+
+        if test $metadata[1] = "dir";
+            __fish_complete_directories $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "file";
+            __fish_complete_path $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "plain";
+            echo $metadata[2];
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+complete --no-files --command %(prog_name)s --arguments \
+"(%(complete_func)s)";
+"""
+
+
+class ShellComplete:
+    """Base class for providing shell completion support. A subclass for
+    a given shell will override attributes and methods to implement the
+    completion instructions (``source`` and ``complete``).
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Name to register the shell as with :func:`add_completion_class`.
+    This is used in completion instructions (``{name}_source`` and
+    ``{name}_complete``).
+    """
+
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Completion script template formatted by :meth:`source`. This must
+    be provided by subclasses.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cli: BaseCommand,
+        ctx_args: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cli = cli
+        self.ctx_args = ctx_args
+        self.prog_name = prog_name
+        self.complete_var = complete_var
+
+    @property
+    def func_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the shell function defined by the completion
+        script.
+        """
+        safe_name = re.sub(r"\W*", "", self.prog_name.replace("-", "_"), flags=re.ASCII)
+        return f"_{safe_name}_completion"
+
+    def source_vars(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Vars for formatting :attr:`source_template`.
+
+        By default this provides ``complete_func``, ``complete_var``,
+        and ``prog_name``.
+        """
+        return {
+            "complete_func": self.func_name,
+            "complete_var": self.complete_var,
+            "prog_name": self.prog_name,
+        }
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the shell script that defines the completion
+        function. By default this ``%``-style formats
+        :attr:`source_template` with the dict returned by
+        :meth:`source_vars`.
+        """
+        return self.source_template % self.source_vars()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> t.Tuple[t.List[str], str]:
+        """Use the env vars defined by the shell script to return a
+        tuple of ``args, incomplete``. This must be implemented by
+        subclasses.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_completions(
+        self, args: t.List[str], incomplete: str
+    ) -> t.List[CompletionItem]:
+        """Determine the context and last complete command or parameter
+        from the complete args. Call that object's ``shell_complete``
+        method to get the completions for the incomplete value.
+
+        :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+        """
+        ctx = _resolve_context(self.cli, self.ctx_args, self.prog_name, args)
+        obj, incomplete = _resolve_incomplete(ctx, args, incomplete)
+        return obj.shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        """Format a completion item into the form recognized by the
+        shell script. This must be implemented by subclasses.
+
+        :param item: Completion item to format.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def complete(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the completion data to send back to the shell.
+
+        By default this calls :meth:`get_completion_args`, gets the
+        completions, then calls :meth:`format_completion` for each
+        completion.
+        """
+        args, incomplete = self.get_completion_args()
+        completions = self.get_completions(args, incomplete)
+        out = [self.format_completion(item) for item in completions]
+        return "\n".join(out)
+
+
+class BashComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Bash."""
+
+    name = "bash"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_BASH
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_version() -> None:
+        import shutil
+        import subprocess
+
+        bash_exe = shutil.which("bash")
+
+        if bash_exe is None:
+            match = None
+        else:
+            output = subprocess.run(
+                [bash_exe, "--norc", "-c", 'echo "${BASH_VERSION}"'],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            )
+            match = re.search(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.\d+", output.stdout.decode())
+
+        if match is not None:
+            major, minor = match.groups()
+
+            if major < "4" or major == "4" and minor < "4":
+                echo(
+                    _(
+                        "Shell completion is not supported for Bash"
+                        " versions older than 4.4."
+                    ),
+                    err=True,
+                )
+        else:
+            echo(
+                _("Couldn't detect Bash version, shell completion is not supported."),
+                err=True,
+            )
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        self._check_version()
+        return super().source()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> t.Tuple[t.List[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+class ZshComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Zsh."""
+
+    name = "zsh"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_ZSH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> t.Tuple[t.List[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        return f"{item.type}\n{item.value}\n{item.help if item.help else '_'}"
+
+
+class FishComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Fish."""
+
+    name = "fish"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_FISH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> t.Tuple[t.List[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        incomplete = os.environ["COMP_CWORD"]
+        args = cwords[1:]
+
+        # Fish stores the partial word in both COMP_WORDS and
+        # COMP_CWORD, remove it from complete args.
+        if incomplete and args and args[-1] == incomplete:
+            args.pop()
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        if item.help:
+            return f"{item.type},{item.value}\t{item.help}"
+
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+ShellCompleteType = t.TypeVar("ShellCompleteType", bound=t.Type[ShellComplete])
+
+
+_available_shells: t.Dict[str, t.Type[ShellComplete]] = {
+    "bash": BashComplete,
+    "fish": FishComplete,
+    "zsh": ZshComplete,
+}
+
+
+def add_completion_class(
+    cls: ShellCompleteType, name: t.Optional[str] = None
+) -> ShellCompleteType:
+    """Register a :class:`ShellComplete` subclass under the given name.
+    The name will be provided by the completion instruction environment
+    variable during completion.
+
+    :param cls: The completion class that will handle completion for the
+        shell.
+    :param name: Name to register the class under. Defaults to the
+        class's ``name`` attribute.
+    """
+    if name is None:
+        name = cls.name
+
+    _available_shells[name] = cls
+
+    return cls
+
+
+def get_completion_class(shell: str) -> t.Optional[t.Type[ShellComplete]]:
+    """Look up a registered :class:`ShellComplete` subclass by the name
+    provided by the completion instruction environment variable. If the
+    name isn't registered, returns ``None``.
+
+    :param shell: Name the class is registered under.
+    """
+    return _available_shells.get(shell)
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_argument(ctx: Context, param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an argument that can still
+    accept values.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by the
+        parsed complete args.
+    :param param: Argument object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Argument):
+        return False
+
+    assert param.name is not None
+    # Will be None if expose_value is False.
+    value = ctx.params.get(param.name)
+    return (
+        param.nargs == -1
+        or ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) is not ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+        or (
+            param.nargs > 1
+            and isinstance(value, (tuple, list))
+            and len(value) < param.nargs
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _start_of_option(ctx: Context, value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value looks like the start of an option."""
+    if not value:
+        return False
+
+    c = value[0]
+    return c in ctx._opt_prefixes
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_option(ctx: Context, args: t.List[str], param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an option that needs a value.
+
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param param: Option object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Option):
+        return False
+
+    if param.is_flag or param.count:
+        return False
+
+    last_option = None
+
+    for index, arg in enumerate(reversed(args)):
+        if index + 1 > param.nargs:
+            break
+
+        if _start_of_option(ctx, arg):
+            last_option = arg
+
+    return last_option is not None and last_option in param.opts
+
+
+def _resolve_context(
+    cli: BaseCommand,
+    ctx_args: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    args: t.List[str],
+) -> Context:
+    """Produce the context hierarchy starting with the command and
+    traversing the complete arguments. This only follows the commands,
+    it doesn't trigger input prompts or callbacks.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    """
+    ctx_args["resilient_parsing"] = True
+    ctx = cli.make_context(prog_name, args.copy(), **ctx_args)
+    args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
+
+    while args:
+        command = ctx.command
+
+        if isinstance(command, MultiCommand):
+            if not command.chain:
+                name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                if cmd is None:
+                    return ctx
+
+                ctx = cmd.make_context(name, args, parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True)
+                args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
+            else:
+                sub_ctx = ctx
+
+                while args:
+                    name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                    if cmd is None:
+                        return ctx
+
+                    sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
+                        name,
+                        args,
+                        parent=ctx,
+                        allow_extra_args=True,
+                        allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                        resilient_parsing=True,
+                    )
+                    args = sub_ctx.args
+
+                ctx = sub_ctx
+                args = [*sub_ctx.protected_args, *sub_ctx.args]
+        else:
+            break
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+def _resolve_incomplete(
+    ctx: Context, args: t.List[str], incomplete: str
+) -> t.Tuple[t.Union[BaseCommand, Parameter], str]:
+    """Find the Click object that will handle the completion of the
+    incomplete value. Return the object and the incomplete value.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by
+        the parsed complete args.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    # Different shells treat an "=" between a long option name and
+    # value differently. Might keep the value joined, return the "="
+    # as a separate item, or return the split name and value. Always
+    # split and discard the "=" to make completion easier.
+    if incomplete == "=":
+        incomplete = ""
+    elif "=" in incomplete and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        name, _, incomplete = incomplete.partition("=")
+        args.append(name)
+
+    # The "--" marker tells Click to stop treating values as options
+    # even if they start with the option character. If it hasn't been
+    # given and the incomplete arg looks like an option, the current
+    # command will provide option name completions.
+    if "--" not in args and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        return ctx.command, incomplete
+
+    params = ctx.command.get_params(ctx)
+
+    # If the last complete arg is an option name with an incomplete
+    # value, the option will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_option(ctx, args, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # It's not an option name or value. The first argument without a
+    # parsed value will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_argument(ctx, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # There were no unparsed arguments, the command may be a group that
+    # will provide command name completions.
+    return ctx.command, incomplete
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c084f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,784 @@
+import inspect
+import io
+import itertools
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .types import Choice
+from .types import convert_type
+from .types import ParamType
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import LazyFile
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+# The prompt functions to use.  The doc tools currently override these
+# functions to customize how they work.
+visible_prompt_func: t.Callable[[str], str] = input
+
+_ansi_colors = {
+    "black": 30,
+    "red": 31,
+    "green": 32,
+    "yellow": 33,
+    "blue": 34,
+    "magenta": 35,
+    "cyan": 36,
+    "white": 37,
+    "reset": 39,
+    "bright_black": 90,
+    "bright_red": 91,
+    "bright_green": 92,
+    "bright_yellow": 93,
+    "bright_blue": 94,
+    "bright_magenta": 95,
+    "bright_cyan": 96,
+    "bright_white": 97,
+}
+_ansi_reset_all = "\033[0m"
+
+
+def hidden_prompt_func(prompt: str) -> str:
+    import getpass
+
+    return getpass.getpass(prompt)
+
+
+def _build_prompt(
+    text: str,
+    suffix: str,
+    show_default: bool = False,
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+    type: t.Optional[ParamType] = None,
+) -> str:
+    prompt = text
+    if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
+        prompt += f" ({', '.join(map(str, type.choices))})"
+    if default is not None and show_default:
+        prompt = f"{prompt} [{_format_default(default)}]"
+    return f"{prompt}{suffix}"
+
+
+def _format_default(default: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    if isinstance(default, (io.IOBase, LazyFile)) and hasattr(default, "name"):
+        return default.name
+
+    return default
+
+
+def prompt(
+    text: str,
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    hide_input: bool = False,
+    confirmation_prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
+    type: t.Optional[t.Union[ParamType, t.Any]] = None,
+    value_proc: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], t.Any]] = None,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+) -> t.Any:
+    """Prompts a user for input.  This is a convenience function that can
+    be used to prompt a user for input later.
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending an interrupt signal, this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the text to show for the prompt.
+    :param default: the default value to use if no input happens.  If this
+                    is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
+    :param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
+                       be hidden.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value. Can be set to a string instead of ``True`` to customize
+        the message.
+    :param type: the type to use to check the value against.
+    :param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
+                       is invoked instead of the type conversion to
+                       convert a value.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    :param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
+                         For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
+                         show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
+                         prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        ``confirmation_prompt`` can be a custom string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 7.0
+        Added the ``show_choices`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+        Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    """
+
+    def prompt_func(text: str) -> str:
+        f = hidden_prompt_func if hide_input else visible_prompt_func
+        try:
+            # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
+            # coloring through colorama on Windows
+            echo(text.rstrip(" "), nl=False, err=err)
+            # Echo a space to stdout to work around an issue where
+            # readline causes backspace to clear the whole line.
+            return f(" ")
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            # getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
+            # Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
+            # A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
+            if hide_input:
+                echo(None, err=err)
+            raise Abort() from None
+
+    if value_proc is None:
+        value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
+
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type
+    )
+
+    if confirmation_prompt:
+        if confirmation_prompt is True:
+            confirmation_prompt = _("Repeat for confirmation")
+
+        confirmation_prompt = _build_prompt(confirmation_prompt, prompt_suffix)
+
+    while True:
+        while True:
+            value = prompt_func(prompt)
+            if value:
+                break
+            elif default is not None:
+                value = default
+                break
+        try:
+            result = value_proc(value)
+        except UsageError as e:
+            if hide_input:
+                echo(_("Error: The value you entered was invalid."), err=err)
+            else:
+                echo(_("Error: {e.message}").format(e=e), err=err)
+            continue
+        if not confirmation_prompt:
+            return result
+        while True:
+            value2 = prompt_func(confirmation_prompt)
+            is_empty = not value and not value2
+            if value2 or is_empty:
+                break
+        if value == value2:
+            return result
+        echo(_("Error: The two entered values do not match."), err=err)
+
+
+def confirm(
+    text: str,
+    default: t.Optional[bool] = False,
+    abort: bool = False,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the question to ask.
+    :param default: The default value to use when no input is given. If
+        ``None``, repeat until input is given.
+    :param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
+                  exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Repeat until input is given if ``default`` is ``None``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+    """
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text,
+        prompt_suffix,
+        show_default,
+        "y/n" if default is None else ("Y/n" if default else "y/N"),
+    )
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
+            # coloring through colorama on Windows
+            echo(prompt.rstrip(" "), nl=False, err=err)
+            # Echo a space to stdout to work around an issue where
+            # readline causes backspace to clear the whole line.
+            value = visible_prompt_func(" ").lower().strip()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            raise Abort() from None
+        if value in ("y", "yes"):
+            rv = True
+        elif value in ("n", "no"):
+            rv = False
+        elif default is not None and value == "":
+            rv = default
+        else:
+            echo(_("Error: invalid input"), err=err)
+            continue
+        break
+    if abort and not rv:
+        raise Abort()
+    return rv
+
+
+def echo_via_pager(
+    text_or_generator: t.Union[t.Iterable[str], t.Callable[[], t.Iterable[str]], str],
+    color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
+    pager on stdout.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+       Added the `color` flag.
+
+    :param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
+                              generator emitting the text to page.
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+    if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
+        i = t.cast(t.Callable[[], t.Iterable[str]], text_or_generator)()
+    elif isinstance(text_or_generator, str):
+        i = [text_or_generator]
+    else:
+        i = iter(t.cast(t.Iterable[str], text_or_generator))
+
+    # convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
+    text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, str) else str(el) for el in i)
+
+    from ._termui_impl import pager
+
+    return pager(itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"), color)
+
+
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: t.Optional[t.Iterable[V]] = None,
+    length: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    label: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Optional[V]], t.Optional[str]]] = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
+    color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> "ProgressBar[V]":
+    """This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
+    to iterate over something while showing a progress bar.  It will
+    either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
+    up).  While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
+    progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
+    to calculate remaining time and more.  By default, this progress bar
+    will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
+
+    The context manager creates the progress bar.  When the context
+    manager is entered the progress bar is already created.  With every
+    iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
+    advanced and the bar is updated.  When the context manager exits,
+    a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
+
+    Note: The progress bar is currently designed for use cases where the
+    total progress can be expected to take at least several seconds.
+    Because of this, the ProgressBar class object won't display
+    progress that is considered too fast, and progress where the time
+    between steps is less than a second.
+
+    No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
+    destroyed.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        with progressbar(items) as bar:
+            for item in bar:
+                do_something_with(item)
+
+    Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
+    progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
+    iterating over the progress bar.  The update method accepts the number
+    of steps to increment the bar with::
+
+        with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                process_chunk(chunk)
+                bar.update(chunks.bytes)
+
+    The ``update()`` method also takes an optional value specifying the
+    ``current_item`` at the new position. This is useful when used
+    together with ``item_show_func`` to customize the output for each
+    manual step::
+
+        with click.progressbar(
+            length=total_size,
+            label='Unzipping archive',
+            item_show_func=lambda a: a.filename
+        ) as bar:
+            for archive in zip_file:
+                archive.extract()
+                bar.update(archive.size, archive)
+
+    :param iterable: an iterable to iterate over.  If not provided the length
+                     is required.
+    :param length: the number of items to iterate over.  By default the
+                   progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
+                   length, which might or might not work.  If an iterable is
+                   also provided this parameter can be used to override the
+                   length.  If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
+                   will iterate over a range of that length.
+    :param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
+    :param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display.  This is
+                     automatically disabled if the length cannot be
+                     determined.
+    :param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display.  The
+                         default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
+                         `False` if not.
+    :param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display.  The
+                     default is `False`.
+    :param item_show_func: A function called with the current item which
+        can return a string to show next to the progress bar. If the
+        function returns ``None`` nothing is shown. The current item can
+        be ``None``, such as when entering and exiting the bar.
+    :param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
+                      progress bar.
+    :param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
+                       the progress bar.
+    :param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
+                         The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
+                         ``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
+                         info section.
+    :param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
+    :param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
+                  terminal width
+    :param file: The file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
+        only the label is printed.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
+                  which is not the case by default.
+    :param update_min_steps: Render only when this many updates have
+        completed. This allows tuning for very fast iterators.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Output is shown even if execution time is less than 0.5 seconds.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``item_show_func`` shows the current item, not the previous one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Labels are echoed if the output is not a TTY. Reverts a change
+        in 7.0 that removed all output.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+       Added the ``update_min_steps`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color`` parameter. Added the ``update`` method to
+        the object.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+    return ProgressBar(
+        iterable=iterable,
+        length=length,
+        show_eta=show_eta,
+        show_percent=show_percent,
+        show_pos=show_pos,
+        item_show_func=item_show_func,
+        fill_char=fill_char,
+        empty_char=empty_char,
+        bar_template=bar_template,
+        info_sep=info_sep,
+        file=file,
+        label=label,
+        width=width,
+        color=color,
+        update_min_steps=update_min_steps,
+    )
+
+
+def clear() -> None:
+    """Clears the terminal screen.  This will have the effect of clearing
+    the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
+    top left.  This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    # ANSI escape \033[2J clears the screen, \033[1;1H moves the cursor
+    echo("\033[2J\033[1;1H", nl=False)
+
+
+def _interpret_color(
+    color: t.Union[int, t.Tuple[int, int, int], str], offset: int = 0
+) -> str:
+    if isinstance(color, int):
+        return f"{38 + offset};5;{color:d}"
+
+    if isinstance(color, (tuple, list)):
+        r, g, b = color
+        return f"{38 + offset};2;{r:d};{g:d};{b:d}"
+
+    return str(_ansi_colors[color] + offset)
+
+
+def style(
+    text: t.Any,
+    fg: t.Optional[t.Union[int, t.Tuple[int, int, int], str]] = None,
+    bg: t.Optional[t.Union[int, t.Tuple[int, int, int], str]] = None,
+    bold: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    dim: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    underline: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    overline: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    italic: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    blink: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    reverse: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    strikethrough: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    reset: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string.  By
+    default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
+    of the string a reset code is issued.  This can be prevented by
+    passing ``reset=False``.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+        click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
+        click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
+        click.echo(click.style('More colors', fg=(255, 12, 128), bg=117))
+
+    Supported color names:
+
+    * ``black`` (might be a gray)
+    * ``red``
+    * ``green``
+    * ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
+    * ``blue``
+    * ``magenta``
+    * ``cyan``
+    * ``white`` (might be light gray)
+    * ``bright_black``
+    * ``bright_red``
+    * ``bright_green``
+    * ``bright_yellow``
+    * ``bright_blue``
+    * ``bright_magenta``
+    * ``bright_cyan``
+    * ``bright_white``
+    * ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
+
+    If the terminal supports it, color may also be specified as:
+
+    -   An integer in the interval [0, 255]. The terminal must support
+        8-bit/256-color mode.
+    -   An RGB tuple of three integers in [0, 255]. The terminal must
+        support 24-bit/true-color mode.
+
+    See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_color and
+    https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728 for more information.
+
+    :param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
+    :param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
+    :param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
+    :param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
+    :param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode.  This is
+                badly supported.
+    :param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
+    :param overline: if provided this will enable or disable overline.
+    :param italic: if provided this will enable or disable italic.
+    :param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
+    :param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
+                    rendering (foreground becomes background and the
+                    other way round).
+    :param strikethrough: if provided this will enable or disable
+        striking through text.
+    :param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
+                  string which means that styles do not carry over.  This
+                  can be disabled to compose styles.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+       Added support for 256 and RGB color codes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``strikethrough``, ``italic``, and ``overline``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.0
+        Added support for bright colors.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        text = str(text)
+
+    bits = []
+
+    if fg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(fg)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown color {fg!r}") from None
+
+    if bg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(bg, 10)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown color {bg!r}") from None
+
+    if bold is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{1 if bold else 22}m")
+    if dim is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{2 if dim else 22}m")
+    if underline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{4 if underline else 24}m")
+    if overline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{53 if overline else 55}m")
+    if italic is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{3 if italic else 23}m")
+    if blink is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{5 if blink else 25}m")
+    if reverse is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{7 if reverse else 27}m")
+    if strikethrough is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{9 if strikethrough else 29}m")
+    bits.append(text)
+    if reset:
+        bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
+    return "".join(bits)
+
+
+def unstyle(text: str) -> str:
+    """Removes ANSI styling information from a string.  Usually it's not
+    necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
+    automatically remove styling if necessary.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param text: the text to remove style information from.
+    """
+    return strip_ansi(text)
+
+
+def secho(
+    message: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    file: t.Optional[t.IO[t.AnyStr]] = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    **styles: t.Any,
+) -> None:
+    """This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
+    call.  As such the following two calls are the same::
+
+        click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
+    depending on which one they go with.
+
+    Non-string types will be converted to :class:`str`. However,
+    :class:`bytes` are passed directly to :meth:`echo` without applying
+    style. If you want to style bytes that represent text, call
+    :meth:`bytes.decode` first.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string. Bytes are
+        passed through without style applied.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if message is not None and not isinstance(message, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        message = style(message, **styles)
+
+    return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
+
+
+def edit(
+    text: t.Optional[t.AnyStr] = None,
+    editor: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+) -> t.Optional[t.AnyStr]:
+    r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor.  If an editor is given
+    (should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
+    system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
+    the detected editor.  Optionally, some environment variables can be
+    used.  If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned.  In
+    case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
+    `require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
+
+    If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
+
+    Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
+    automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa.  As such,
+    the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
+
+    :param text: the text to edit.
+    :param editor: optionally the editor to use.  Defaults to automatic
+                   detection.
+    :param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
+    :param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
+                         will make the return value become `None`.
+    :param extension: the extension to tell the editor about.  This defaults
+                      to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
+                      highlighting.
+    :param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
+                     provided text contents.  It will not use a temporary
+                     file as an indirection in that case.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import Editor
+
+    ed = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, extension=extension)
+
+    if filename is None:
+        return ed.edit(text)
+
+    ed.edit_file(filename)
+    return None
+
+
+def launch(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    """This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
+    viewer application for this file type.  If this is an executable, it
+    might launch the executable in a new session.  The return value is
+    the exit code of the launched application.  Usually, ``0`` indicates
+    success.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
+        click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
+    :param wait: Wait for the program to exit before returning. This
+        only works if the launched program blocks. In particular,
+        ``xdg-open`` on Linux does not block.
+    :param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
+                   application associated with the URL it will attempt to
+                   launch a file manager with the file located.  This
+                   might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
+                   the filesystem.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import open_url
+
+    return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
+
+
+# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead.  This is used
+# for unittesting purposes.
+_getchar: t.Optional[t.Callable[[bool], str]] = None
+
+
+def getchar(echo: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it.  This
+    will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
+    circumstances this might return more than one character.  The
+    situations which more than one character is returned is when for
+    whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
+    standard input was not actually a terminal.
+
+    Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
+    is piped into the standard input.
+
+    Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
+    function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
+    This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
+                 the terminal.  The default is to not show it.
+    """
+    global _getchar
+
+    if _getchar is None:
+        from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
+
+        _getchar = f
+
+    return _getchar(echo)
+
+
+def raw_terminal() -> t.ContextManager[int]:
+    from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
+
+    return f()
+
+
+def pause(info: t.Optional[str] = None, err: bool = False) -> None:
+    """This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
+    key to continue.  This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
+    command.  If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
+    will instead do nothing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+       Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    :param info: The message to print before pausing. Defaults to
+        ``"Press any key to continue..."``.
+    :param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    if info is None:
+        info = _("Press any key to continue...")
+
+    try:
+        if info:
+            echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
+        try:
+            getchar()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            pass
+    finally:
+        if info:
+            echo(err=err)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..772b215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import _compat
+from . import formatting
+from . import termui
+from . import utils
+from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import BaseCommand
+
+
+class EchoingStdin:
+    def __init__(self, input: t.BinaryIO, output: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._input = input
+        self._output = output
+        self._paused = False
+
+    def __getattr__(self, x: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._input, x)
+
+    def _echo(self, rv: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not self._paused:
+            self._output.write(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def read(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
+
+    def read1(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read1(n))  # type: ignore
+
+    def readline(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
+
+    def readlines(self) -> t.List[bytes]:
+        return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+        return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._input)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pause_echo(stream: t.Optional[EchoingStdin]) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+    if stream is None:
+        yield
+    else:
+        stream._paused = True
+        yield
+        stream._paused = False
+
+
+class _NamedTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(
+        self, buffer: t.BinaryIO, name: str, mode: str, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(buffer, **kwargs)
+        self._name = name
+        self._mode = mode
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self._mode
+
+
+def make_input_stream(
+    input: t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes, t.IO[t.Any]]], charset: str
+) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    # Is already an input stream.
+    if hasattr(input, "read"):
+        rv = _find_binary_reader(t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], input))
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        raise TypeError("Could not find binary reader for input stream.")
+
+    if input is None:
+        input = b""
+    elif isinstance(input, str):
+        input = input.encode(charset)
+
+    return io.BytesIO(input)
+
+
+class Result:
+    """Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        runner: "CliRunner",
+        stdout_bytes: bytes,
+        stderr_bytes: t.Optional[bytes],
+        return_value: t.Any,
+        exit_code: int,
+        exception: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_info: t.Optional[
+            t.Tuple[t.Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        #: The runner that created the result
+        self.runner = runner
+        #: The standard output as bytes.
+        self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
+        #: The standard error as bytes, or None if not available
+        self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
+        #: The value returned from the invoked command.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        self.return_value = return_value
+        #: The exit code as integer.
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+        #: The exception that happened if one did.
+        self.exception = exception
+        #: The traceback
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> str:
+        """The (standard) output as unicode string."""
+        return self.stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> str:
+        """The standard output as unicode string."""
+        return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> str:
+        """The standard error as unicode string."""
+        if self.stderr_bytes is None:
+            raise ValueError("stderr not separately captured")
+        return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        exc_str = repr(self.exception) if self.exception else "okay"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {exc_str}>"
+
+
+class CliRunner:
+    """The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
+    script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment.  This only
+    works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
+    global interpreter state.
+
+    :param charset: the character set for the input and output data.
+    :param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
+    :param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from stdin writes
+                       to stdout.  This is useful for showing examples in
+                       some circumstances.  Note that regular prompts
+                       will automatically echo the input.
+    :param mix_stderr: if this is set to `False`, then stdout and stderr are
+                       preserved as independent streams.  This is useful for
+                       Unix-philosophy apps that have predictable stdout and
+                       noisy stderr, such that each may be measured
+                       independently
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str = "utf-8",
+        env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]]] = None,
+        echo_stdin: bool = False,
+        mix_stderr: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.charset = charset
+        self.env: t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]] = env or {}
+        self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
+        self.mix_stderr = mix_stderr
+
+    def get_default_prog_name(self, cli: "BaseCommand") -> str:
+        """Given a command object it will return the default program name
+        for it.  The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
+        set.
+        """
+        return cli.name or "root"
+
+    def make_env(
+        self, overrides: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]]] = None
+    ) -> t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]]:
+        """Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
+        rv = dict(self.env)
+        if overrides:
+            rv.update(overrides)
+        return rv
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolation(
+        self,
+        input: t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes, t.IO[t.Any]]] = None,
+        env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]]] = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[io.BytesIO, t.Optional[io.BytesIO]]]:
+        """A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
+        command line tool.  This sets up stdin with the given input data
+        and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
+        This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
+        prompt functionality).
+
+        This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
+
+        :param input: the input stream to put into sys.stdin.
+        :param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            ``stderr`` is opened with ``errors="backslashreplace"``
+            instead of the default ``"strict"``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+        """
+        bytes_input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
+        echo_input = None
+
+        old_stdin = sys.stdin
+        old_stdout = sys.stdout
+        old_stderr = sys.stderr
+        old_forced_width = formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
+        formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
+
+        env = self.make_env(env)
+
+        bytes_output = io.BytesIO()
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            bytes_input = echo_input = t.cast(
+                t.BinaryIO, EchoingStdin(bytes_input, bytes_output)
+            )
+
+        sys.stdin = text_input = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            bytes_input, encoding=self.charset, name="<stdin>", mode="r"
+        )
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            # Force unbuffered reads, otherwise TextIOWrapper reads a
+            # large chunk which is echoed early.
+            text_input._CHUNK_SIZE = 1  # type: ignore
+
+        sys.stdout = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            bytes_output, encoding=self.charset, name="<stdout>", mode="w"
+        )
+
+        bytes_error = None
+        if self.mix_stderr:
+            sys.stderr = sys.stdout
+        else:
+            bytes_error = io.BytesIO()
+            sys.stderr = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+                bytes_error,
+                encoding=self.charset,
+                name="<stderr>",
+                mode="w",
+                errors="backslashreplace",
+            )
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def visible_input(prompt: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(prompt or "")
+            val = text_input.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{val}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return val
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def hidden_input(prompt: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{prompt or ''}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return text_input.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def _getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+            char = sys.stdin.read(1)
+
+            if echo:
+                sys.stdout.write(char)
+
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return char
+
+        default_color = color
+
+        def should_strip_ansi(
+            stream: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]] = None, color: t.Optional[bool] = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            if color is None:
+                return not default_color
+            return not color
+
+        old_visible_prompt_func = termui.visible_prompt_func
+        old_hidden_prompt_func = termui.hidden_prompt_func
+        old__getchar_func = termui._getchar
+        old_should_strip_ansi = utils.should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        old__compat_should_strip_ansi = _compat.should_strip_ansi
+        termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
+        termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
+        termui._getchar = _getchar
+        utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        _compat.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
+
+        old_env = {}
+        try:
+            for key, value in env.items():
+                old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            yield (bytes_output, bytes_error)
+        finally:
+            for key, value in old_env.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            sys.stdout = old_stdout
+            sys.stderr = old_stderr
+            sys.stdin = old_stdin
+            termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
+            termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
+            termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
+            utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+            _compat.should_strip_ansi = old__compat_should_strip_ansi
+            formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
+
+    def invoke(
+        self,
+        cli: "BaseCommand",
+        args: t.Optional[t.Union[str, t.Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        input: t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes, t.IO[t.Any]]] = None,
+        env: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Optional[str]]] = None,
+        catch_exceptions: bool = True,
+        color: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Result:
+        """Invokes a command in an isolated environment.  The arguments are
+        forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
+        arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
+        the command.
+
+        This returns a :class:`Result` object.
+
+        :param cli: the command to invoke
+        :param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
+                     or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
+                     as a Unix shell command. More details at
+                     :func:`shlex.split`.
+        :param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides.
+        :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
+                                 ``SystemExit``.
+        :param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            The result object has the ``return_value`` attribute with
+            the value returned from the invoked command.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The result object has the ``exc_info`` attribute with the
+            traceback if available.
+        """
+        exc_info = None
+        with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
+            return_value = None
+            exception: t.Optional[BaseException] = None
+            exit_code = 0
+
+            if isinstance(args, str):
+                args = shlex.split(args)
+
+            try:
+                prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
+            except KeyError:
+                prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
+
+            try:
+                return_value = cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+                e_code = t.cast(t.Optional[t.Union[int, t.Any]], e.code)
+
+                if e_code is None:
+                    e_code = 0
+
+                if e_code != 0:
+                    exception = e
+
+                if not isinstance(e_code, int):
+                    sys.stdout.write(str(e_code))
+                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+                    e_code = 1
+
+                exit_code = e_code
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if not catch_exceptions:
+                    raise
+                exception = e
+                exit_code = 1
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            finally:
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+                stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
+                if self.mix_stderr:
+                    stderr = None
+                else:
+                    stderr = outstreams[1].getvalue()  # type: ignore
+
+        return Result(
+            runner=self,
+            stdout_bytes=stdout,
+            stderr_bytes=stderr,
+            return_value=return_value,
+            exit_code=exit_code,
+            exception=exception,
+            exc_info=exc_info,  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolated_filesystem(
+        self, temp_dir: t.Optional[t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]] = None
+    ) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+        """A context manager that creates a temporary directory and
+        changes the current working directory to it. This isolates tests
+        that affect the contents of the CWD to prevent them from
+        interfering with each other.
+
+        :param temp_dir: Create the temporary directory under this
+            directory. If given, the created directory is not removed
+            when exiting.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``temp_dir`` parameter.
+        """
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+        dt = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=temp_dir)
+        os.chdir(dt)
+
+        try:
+            yield dt
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+
+            if temp_dir is None:
+                try:
+                    shutil.rmtree(dt)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a70fd58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1093 @@
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import _get_argv_encoding
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .utils import format_filename
+from .utils import LazyFile
+from .utils import safecall
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+
+class ParamType:
+    """Represents the type of a parameter. Validates and converts values
+    from the command line or Python into the correct type.
+
+    To implement a custom type, subclass and implement at least the
+    following:
+
+    -   The :attr:`name` class attribute must be set.
+    -   Calling an instance of the type with ``None`` must return
+        ``None``. This is already implemented by default.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must convert string values to the correct type.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must accept values that are already the correct
+        type.
+    -   It must be able to convert a value if the ``ctx`` and ``param``
+        arguments are ``None``. This can occur when converting prompt
+        input.
+    """
+
+    is_composite: t.ClassVar[bool] = False
+    arity: t.ClassVar[int] = 1
+
+    #: the descriptive name of this type
+    name: str
+
+    #: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
+    #: string environment variable, this is what splits it up.  `None`
+    #: means any whitespace.  For all parameters the general rule is that
+    #: whitespace splits them up.  The exception are paths and files which
+    #: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
+    #: Windows).
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[t.Optional[str]] = None
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        # The class name without the "ParamType" suffix.
+        param_type = type(self).__name__.partition("ParamType")[0]
+        param_type = param_type.partition("ParameterType")[0]
+
+        # Custom subclasses might not remember to set a name.
+        if hasattr(self, "name"):
+            name = self.name
+        else:
+            name = param_type
+
+        return {"param_type": param_type, "name": name}
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None,
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if value is not None:
+            return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: "Parameter") -> t.Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: "Parameter") -> t.Optional[str]:
+        """Optionally might return extra information about a missing
+        parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert the value to the correct type. This is not called if
+        the value is ``None`` (the missing value).
+
+        This must accept string values from the command line, as well as
+        values that are already the correct type. It may also convert
+        other compatible types.
+
+        The ``param`` and ``ctx`` arguments may be ``None`` in certain
+        situations, such as when converting prompt input.
+
+        If the value cannot be converted, call :meth:`fail` with a
+        descriptive message.
+
+        :param value: The value to convert.
+        :param param: The parameter that is using this type to convert
+            its value. May be ``None``.
+        :param ctx: The current context that arrived at this value. May
+            be ``None``.
+        """
+        return value
+
+    def split_envvar_value(self, rv: str) -> t.Sequence[str]:
+        """Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
+        into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
+
+        If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
+        then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.  Otherwise, leading
+        and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
+        """
+        return (rv or "").split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
+
+    def fail(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None,
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
+    ) -> "t.NoReturn":
+        """Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
+        raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: "Context", param: "Parameter", incomplete: str
+    ) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a list of
+        :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` objects for the
+        incomplete value. Most types do not provide completions, but
+        some do, and this allows custom types to provide custom
+        completions as well.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return []
+
+
+class CompositeParamType(ParamType):
+    is_composite = True
+
+    @property
+    def arity(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FuncParamType(ParamType):
+    def __init__(self, func: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.name: str = func.__name__
+        self.func = func
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict["func"] = self.func
+        return info_dict
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            return self.func(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                value = str(value)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+
+            self.fail(value, param, ctx)
+
+
+class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        return value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UNPROCESSED"
+
+
+class StringParamType(ParamType):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            enc = _get_argv_encoding()
+            try:
+                value = value.decode(enc)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+                if fs_enc != enc:
+                    try:
+                        value = value.decode(fs_enc)
+                    except UnicodeError:
+                        value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+                else:
+                    value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "STRING"
+
+
+class Choice(ParamType):
+    """The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
+    of supported values. All of these values have to be strings.
+
+    You should only pass a list or tuple of choices. Other iterables
+    (like generators) may lead to surprising results.
+
+    The resulting value will always be one of the originally passed choices
+    regardless of ``case_sensitive`` or any ``ctx.token_normalize_func``
+    being specified.
+
+    See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
+        insensitive. Defaults to true.
+    """
+
+    name = "choice"
+
+    def __init__(self, choices: t.Sequence[str], case_sensitive: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.choices = choices
+        self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict["choices"] = self.choices
+        info_dict["case_sensitive"] = self.case_sensitive
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: "Parameter") -> str:
+        choices_str = "|".join(self.choices)
+
+        # Use curly braces to indicate a required argument.
+        if param.required and param.param_type_name == "argument":
+            return f"{{{choices_str}}}"
+
+        # Use square braces to indicate an option or optional argument.
+        return f"[{choices_str}]"
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: "Parameter") -> str:
+        return _("Choose from:\n\t{choices}").format(choices=",\n\t".join(self.choices))
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        # Match through normalization and case sensitivity
+        # first do token_normalize_func, then lowercase
+        # preserve original `value` to produce an accurate message in
+        # `self.fail`
+        normed_value = value
+        normed_choices = {choice: choice for choice in self.choices}
+
+        if ctx is not None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(value)
+            normed_choices = {
+                ctx.token_normalize_func(normed_choice): original
+                for normed_choice, original in normed_choices.items()
+            }
+
+        if not self.case_sensitive:
+            normed_value = normed_value.casefold()
+            normed_choices = {
+                normed_choice.casefold(): original
+                for normed_choice, original in normed_choices.items()
+            }
+
+        if normed_value in normed_choices:
+            return normed_choices[normed_value]
+
+        choices_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self.choices))
+        self.fail(
+            ngettext(
+                "{value!r} is not {choice}.",
+                "{value!r} is not one of {choices}.",
+                len(self.choices),
+            ).format(value=value, choice=choices_str, choices=choices_str),
+            param,
+            ctx,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Choice({list(self.choices)})"
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: "Context", param: "Parameter", incomplete: str
+    ) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Complete choices that start with the incomplete value.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        str_choices = map(str, self.choices)
+
+        if self.case_sensitive:
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.startswith(incomplete))
+        else:
+            incomplete = incomplete.lower()
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.lower().startswith(incomplete))
+
+        return [CompletionItem(c) for c in matched]
+
+
+class DateTime(ParamType):
+    """The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
+
+    The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
+    common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
+
+    When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
+    Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
+
+    The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
+    consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
+
+    Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
+    parses successfully is used.
+
+    :param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
+                    which they should be tried. Defaults to
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
+    """
+
+    name = "datetime"
+
+    def __init__(self, formats: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None):
+        self.formats: t.Sequence[str] = formats or [
+            "%Y-%m-%d",
+            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
+            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        ]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict["formats"] = self.formats
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: "Parameter") -> str:
+        return f"[{'|'.join(self.formats)}]"
+
+    def _try_to_convert_date(self, value: t.Any, format: str) -> t.Optional[datetime]:
+        try:
+            return datetime.strptime(value, format)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value
+
+        for format in self.formats:
+            converted = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
+
+            if converted is not None:
+                return converted
+
+        formats_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self.formats))
+        self.fail(
+            ngettext(
+                "{value!r} does not match the format {format}.",
+                "{value!r} does not match the formats {formats}.",
+                len(self.formats),
+            ).format(value=value, format=formats_str, formats=formats_str),
+            param,
+            ctx,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "DateTime"
+
+
+class _NumberParamTypeBase(ParamType):
+    _number_class: t.ClassVar[t.Type[t.Any]]
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            return self._number_class(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid {number_type}.").format(
+                    value=value, number_type=self.name
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+
+class _NumberRangeBase(_NumberParamTypeBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: t.Optional[float] = None,
+        max: t.Optional[float] = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.min = min
+        self.max = max
+        self.min_open = min_open
+        self.max_open = max_open
+        self.clamp = clamp
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            min=self.min,
+            max=self.max,
+            min_open=self.min_open,
+            max_open=self.max_open,
+            clamp=self.clamp,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        import operator
+
+        rv = super().convert(value, param, ctx)
+        lt_min: bool = self.min is not None and (
+            operator.le if self.min_open else operator.lt
+        )(rv, self.min)
+        gt_max: bool = self.max is not None and (
+            operator.ge if self.max_open else operator.gt
+        )(rv, self.max)
+
+        if self.clamp:
+            if lt_min:
+                return self._clamp(self.min, 1, self.min_open)  # type: ignore
+
+            if gt_max:
+                return self._clamp(self.max, -1, self.max_open)  # type: ignore
+
+        if lt_min or gt_max:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value} is not in the range {range}.").format(
+                    value=rv, range=self._describe_range()
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+        return rv
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: float, dir: "te.Literal[1, -1]", open: bool) -> float:
+        """Find the valid value to clamp to bound in the given
+        direction.
+
+        :param bound: The boundary value.
+        :param dir: 1 or -1 indicating the direction to move.
+        :param open: If true, the range does not include the bound.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _describe_range(self) -> str:
+        """Describe the range for use in help text."""
+        if self.min is None:
+            op = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+            return f"x{op}{self.max}"
+
+        if self.max is None:
+            op = ">" if self.min_open else ">="
+            return f"x{op}{self.min}"
+
+        lop = "<" if self.min_open else "<="
+        rop = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+        return f"{self.min}{lop}x{rop}{self.max}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        clamp = " clamped" if self.clamp else ""
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._describe_range()}{clamp}>"
+
+
+class IntParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase):
+    name = "integer"
+    _number_class = int
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "INT"
+
+
+class IntRange(_NumberRangeBase, IntParamType):
+    """Restrict an :data:`click.INT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "integer range"
+
+    def _clamp(  # type: ignore
+        self, bound: int, dir: "te.Literal[1, -1]", open: bool
+    ) -> int:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        return bound + dir
+
+
+class FloatParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase):
+    name = "float"
+    _number_class = float
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "FLOAT"
+
+
+class FloatRange(_NumberRangeBase, FloatParamType):
+    """Restrict a :data:`click.FLOAT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing. This is not supported if either
+    boundary is marked ``open``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "float range"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: t.Optional[float] = None,
+        max: t.Optional[float] = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            min=min, max=max, min_open=min_open, max_open=max_open, clamp=clamp
+        )
+
+        if (min_open or max_open) and clamp:
+            raise TypeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: float, dir: "te.Literal[1, -1]", open: bool) -> float:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        # Could use Python 3.9's math.nextafter here, but clamping an
+        # open float range doesn't seem to be particularly useful. It's
+        # left up to the user to write a callback to do it if needed.
+        raise RuntimeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+
+class BoolParamType(ParamType):
+    name = "boolean"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if value in {False, True}:
+            return bool(value)
+
+        norm = value.strip().lower()
+
+        if norm in {"1", "true", "t", "yes", "y", "on"}:
+            return True
+
+        if norm in {"0", "false", "f", "no", "n", "off"}:
+            return False
+
+        self.fail(
+            _("{value!r} is not a valid boolean.").format(value=value), param, ctx
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "BOOL"
+
+
+class UUIDParameterType(ParamType):
+    name = "uuid"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        import uuid
+
+        if isinstance(value, uuid.UUID):
+            return value
+
+        value = value.strip()
+
+        try:
+            return uuid.UUID(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid UUID.").format(value=value), param, ctx
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UUID"
+
+
+class File(ParamType):
+    """Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing.  The file
+    is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
+    finished working).
+
+    Files can be opened for reading or writing.  The special value ``-``
+    indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
+
+    By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
+    opened in binary mode or for writing.  The encoding parameter can be used
+    to force a specific encoding.
+
+    The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
+    first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
+    streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
+    file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
+    will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
+    for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
+
+    Files can also be opened atomically in which case all writes go into a
+    separate file in the same folder and upon completion the file will
+    be moved over to the original location.  This is useful if a file
+    regularly read by other users is modified.
+
+    See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``atomic`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    name = "filename"
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+        lazy: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.lazy = lazy
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(mode=self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
+        return info_dict
+
+    def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value: "t.Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]") -> bool:
+        if self.lazy is not None:
+            return self.lazy
+        if os.fspath(value) == "-":
+            return False
+        elif "w" in self.mode:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]", t.IO[t.Any]],
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"],
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"],
+    ) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        if _is_file_like(value):
+            return value
+
+        value = t.cast("t.Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]", value)
+
+        try:
+            lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
+
+            if lazy:
+                lf = LazyFile(
+                    value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+                )
+
+                if ctx is not None:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(lf.close_intelligently)
+
+                return t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], lf)
+
+            f, should_close = open_stream(
+                value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+
+            # If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
+            # at the end of the context execution (or flush out).  If a
+            # context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
+            # properly close the file.  This for instance happens when the
+            # type is used with prompts.
+            if ctx is not None:
+                if should_close:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
+                else:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
+
+            return f
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.fail(f"'{format_filename(value)}': {e.strerror}", param, ctx)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: "Context", param: "Parameter", incomplete: str
+    ) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide file path completions.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type="file")]
+
+
+def _is_file_like(value: t.Any) -> "te.TypeGuard[t.IO[t.Any]]":
+    return hasattr(value, "read") or hasattr(value, "write")
+
+
+class Path(ParamType):
+    """The ``Path`` type is similar to the :class:`File` type, but
+    returns the filename instead of an open file. Various checks can be
+    enabled to validate the type of file and permissions.
+
+    :param exists: The file or directory needs to exist for the value to
+        be valid. If this is not set to ``True``, and the file does not
+        exist, then all further checks are silently skipped.
+    :param file_okay: Allow a file as a value.
+    :param dir_okay: Allow a directory as a value.
+    :param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
+    :param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
+    :param executable: if true, an executable check is performed.
+    :param resolve_path: Make the value absolute and resolve any
+        symlinks. A ``~`` is not expanded, as this is supposed to be
+        done by the shell only.
+    :param allow_dash: Allow a single dash as a value, which indicates
+        a standard stream (but does not open it). Use
+        :func:`~click.open_file` to handle opening this value.
+    :param path_type: Convert the incoming path value to this type. If
+        ``None``, keep Python's default, which is ``str``. Useful to
+        convert to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Added the ``executable`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Allow passing ``path_type=pathlib.Path``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Added the ``allow_dash`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exists: bool = False,
+        file_okay: bool = True,
+        dir_okay: bool = True,
+        writable: bool = False,
+        readable: bool = True,
+        resolve_path: bool = False,
+        allow_dash: bool = False,
+        path_type: t.Optional[t.Type[t.Any]] = None,
+        executable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.exists = exists
+        self.file_okay = file_okay
+        self.dir_okay = dir_okay
+        self.readable = readable
+        self.writable = writable
+        self.executable = executable
+        self.resolve_path = resolve_path
+        self.allow_dash = allow_dash
+        self.type = path_type
+
+        if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
+            self.name: str = _("file")
+        elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
+            self.name = _("directory")
+        else:
+            self.name = _("path")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            exists=self.exists,
+            file_okay=self.file_okay,
+            dir_okay=self.dir_okay,
+            writable=self.writable,
+            readable=self.readable,
+            allow_dash=self.allow_dash,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def coerce_path_result(
+        self, value: "t.Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]"
+    ) -> "t.Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str]]":
+        if self.type is not None and not isinstance(value, self.type):
+            if self.type is str:
+                return os.fsdecode(value)
+            elif self.type is bytes:
+                return os.fsencode(value)
+            else:
+                return t.cast("os.PathLike[str]", self.type(value))
+
+        return value
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: "t.Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]",
+        param: t.Optional["Parameter"],
+        ctx: t.Optional["Context"],
+    ) -> "t.Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str]]":
+        rv = value
+
+        is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b"-", "-")
+
+        if not is_dash:
+            if self.resolve_path:
+                # os.path.realpath doesn't resolve symlinks on Windows
+                # until Python 3.8. Use pathlib for now.
+                import pathlib
+
+                rv = os.fsdecode(pathlib.Path(rv).resolve())
+
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(rv)
+            except OSError:
+                if not self.exists:
+                    return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} does not exist.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a file.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+            if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a directory.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.readable and not os.access(rv, os.R_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not readable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.writable and not os.access(rv, os.W_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not writable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.executable and not os.access(value, os.X_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not executable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+        return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: "Context", param: "Parameter", incomplete: str
+    ) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide path completions for only
+        directories or any paths.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        type = "dir" if self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay else "file"
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type=type)]
+
+
+class Tuple(CompositeParamType):
+    """The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
+    This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
+    count and different types should be used for different items.  In this
+    case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used.  This type can only be used
+    if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
+
+    For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
+
+    This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
+
+    :param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, types: t.Sequence[t.Union[t.Type[t.Any], ParamType]]) -> None:
+        self.types: t.Sequence[ParamType] = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict["types"] = [t.to_info_dict() for t in self.types]
+        return info_dict
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return f"<{' '.join(ty.name for ty in self.types)}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arity(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        return len(self.types)
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: t.Optional["Parameter"], ctx: t.Optional["Context"]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        len_type = len(self.types)
+        len_value = len(value)
+
+        if len_value != len_type:
+            self.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} was given.",
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} were given.",
+                    len_value,
+                ).format(len_type=len_type, len_value=len_value),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+        return tuple(ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value))
+
+
+def convert_type(ty: t.Optional[t.Any], default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None) -> ParamType:
+    """Find the most appropriate :class:`ParamType` for the given Python
+    type. If the type isn't provided, it can be inferred from a default
+    value.
+    """
+    guessed_type = False
+
+    if ty is None and default is not None:
+        if isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+            # If the default is empty, ty will remain None and will
+            # return STRING.
+            if default:
+                item = default[0]
+
+                # A tuple of tuples needs to detect the inner types.
+                # Can't call convert recursively because that would
+                # incorrectly unwind the tuple to a single type.
+                if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
+                    ty = tuple(map(type, item))
+                else:
+                    ty = type(item)
+        else:
+            ty = type(default)
+
+        guessed_type = True
+
+    if isinstance(ty, tuple):
+        return Tuple(ty)
+
+    if isinstance(ty, ParamType):
+        return ty
+
+    if ty is str or ty is None:
+        return STRING
+
+    if ty is int:
+        return INT
+
+    if ty is float:
+        return FLOAT
+
+    if ty is bool:
+        return BOOL
+
+    if guessed_type:
+        return STRING
+
+    if __debug__:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(ty, ParamType):
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Attempted to use an uninstantiated parameter type ({ty})."
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # ty is an instance (correct), so issubclass fails.
+            pass
+
+    return FuncParamType(ty)
+
+
+#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing.  From a user's
+#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but
+#: internally no string conversion takes place if the input was bytes.
+#: This is usually useful when working with file paths as they can
+#: appear in bytes and unicode.
+#:
+#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
+#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
+#: it is is provided.
+#:
+#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
+
+#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default.  This
+#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
+STRING = StringParamType()
+
+#: An integer parameter.  This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
+#: type.
+INT = IntParamType()
+
+#: A floating point value parameter.  This can also be selected by using
+#: ``float`` as type.
+FLOAT = FloatParamType()
+
+#: A boolean parameter.  This is the default for boolean flags.  This can
+#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
+BOOL = BoolParamType()
+
+#: A UUID parameter.
+UUID = UUIDParameterType()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..836c6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from types import ModuleType
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stderr
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
+from ._compat import auto_wrap_for_ansi
+from ._compat import binary_streams
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from ._compat import should_strip_ansi
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import text_streams
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+
+
+def _posixify(name: str) -> str:
+    return "-".join(name.split()).lower()
+
+
+def safecall(func: "t.Callable[P, R]") -> "t.Callable[P, t.Optional[R]]":
+    """Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
+
+    def wrapper(*args: "P.args", **kwargs: "P.kwargs") -> t.Optional[R]:
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
+
+
+def make_str(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Converts a value into a valid string."""
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        try:
+            return value.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        except UnicodeError:
+            return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def make_default_short_help(help: str, max_length: int = 45) -> str:
+    """Returns a condensed version of help string."""
+    # Consider only the first paragraph.
+    paragraph_end = help.find("\n\n")
+
+    if paragraph_end != -1:
+        help = help[:paragraph_end]
+
+    # Collapse newlines, tabs, and spaces.
+    words = help.split()
+
+    if not words:
+        return ""
+
+    # The first paragraph started with a "no rewrap" marker, ignore it.
+    if words[0] == "\b":
+        words = words[1:]
+
+    total_length = 0
+    last_index = len(words) - 1
+
+    for i, word in enumerate(words):
+        total_length += len(word) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length > max_length:  # too long, truncate
+            break
+
+        if word[-1] == ".":  # sentence end, truncate without "..."
+            return " ".join(words[: i + 1])
+
+        if total_length == max_length and i != last_index:
+            break  # not at sentence end, truncate with "..."
+    else:
+        return " ".join(words)  # no truncation needed
+
+    # Account for the length of the suffix.
+    total_length += len("...")
+
+    # remove words until the length is short enough
+    while i > 0:
+        total_length -= len(words[i]) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length <= max_length:
+            break
+
+        i -= 1
+
+    return " ".join(words[:i]) + "..."
+
+
+class LazyFile:
+    """A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
+    the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
+    filename parameter does make sense.  This is useful for safely opening
+    files for writing.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"],
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.name: str = os.fspath(filename)
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.atomic = atomic
+        self._f: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]]
+        self.should_close: bool
+
+        if self.name == "-":
+            self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors)
+        else:
+            if "r" in mode:
+                # Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
+                # reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
+                # some cases early.
+                open(filename, mode).close()
+            self._f = None
+            self.should_close = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.open(), name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return repr(self._f)
+        return f"<unopened file '{format_filename(self.name)}' {self.mode}>"
+
+    def open(self) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        """Opens the file if it's not yet open.  This call might fail with
+        a :exc:`FileError`.  Not handling this error will produce an error
+        that Click shows.
+        """
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return self._f
+        try:
+            rv, self.should_close = open_stream(
+                self.name, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+        except OSError as e:
+            from .exceptions import FileError
+
+            raise FileError(self.name, hint=e.strerror) from e
+        self._f = rv
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+
+    def close_intelligently(self) -> None:
+        """This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
+        file wrapper.  For instance this will never close stdin.
+        """
+        if self.should_close:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "LazyFile":
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close_intelligently()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        self.open()
+        return iter(self._f)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class KeepOpenFile:
+    def __init__(self, file: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self._file: t.IO[t.Any] = file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._file, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "KeepOpenFile":
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        tb: t.Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._file)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        return iter(self._file)
+
+
+def echo(
+    message: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    file: t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]] = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Print a message and newline to stdout or a file. This should be
+    used instead of :func:`print` because it provides better support
+    for different data, files, and environments.
+
+    Compared to :func:`print`, this does the following:
+
+    -   Ensures that the output encoding is not misconfigured on Linux.
+    -   Supports Unicode in the Windows console.
+    -   Supports writing to binary outputs, and supports writing bytes
+        to text outputs.
+    -   Supports colors and styles on Windows.
+    -   Removes ANSI color and style codes if the output does not look
+        like an interactive terminal.
+    -   Always flushes the output.
+
+    :param message: The string or bytes to output. Other objects are
+        converted to strings.
+    :param file: The file to write to. Defaults to ``stdout``.
+    :param err: Write to ``stderr`` instead of ``stdout``.
+    :param nl: Print a newline after the message. Enabled by default.
+    :param color: Force showing or hiding colors and other styles. By
+        default Click will remove color if the output does not look like
+        an interactive terminal.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Support Unicode output on the Windows console. Click does not
+        modify ``sys.stdout``, so ``sys.stdout.write()`` and ``print()``
+        will still not support Unicode.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Support colors on Windows if colorama is installed.
+    """
+    if file is None:
+        if err:
+            file = _default_text_stderr()
+        else:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+        # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+        # pythonw on Windows.
+        if file is None:
+            return
+
+    # Convert non bytes/text into the native string type.
+    if message is not None and not isinstance(message, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+        out: t.Optional[t.Union[str, bytes]] = str(message)
+    else:
+        out = message
+
+    if nl:
+        out = out or ""
+        if isinstance(out, str):
+            out += "\n"
+        else:
+            out += b"\n"
+
+    if not out:
+        file.flush()
+        return
+
+    # If there is a message and the value looks like bytes, we manually
+    # need to find the binary stream and write the message in there.
+    # This is done separately so that most stream types will work as you
+    # would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO for other cases.
+    if isinstance(out, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
+
+        if binary_file is not None:
+            file.flush()
+            binary_file.write(out)
+            binary_file.flush()
+            return
+
+    # ANSI style code support. For no message or bytes, nothing happens.
+    # When outputting to a file instead of a terminal, strip codes.
+    else:
+        color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+        if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
+            out = strip_ansi(out)
+        elif WIN:
+            if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
+                file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file, color)  # type: ignore
+            elif not color:
+                out = strip_ansi(out)
+
+    file.write(out)  # type: ignore
+    file.flush()
+
+
+def get_binary_stream(name: "te.Literal['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']") -> t.BinaryIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for byte processing.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    """
+    opener = binary_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unknown standard stream '{name}'")
+    return opener()
+
+
+def get_text_stream(
+    name: "te.Literal['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']",
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for text processing.  This usually returns
+    a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
+    :func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts for already
+    correctly configured streams.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    :param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
+    :param errors: overrides the default error mode.
+    """
+    opener = text_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unknown standard stream '{name}'")
+    return opener(encoding, errors)
+
+
+def open_file(
+    filename: t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+    lazy: bool = False,
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Open a file, with extra behavior to handle ``'-'`` to indicate
+    a standard stream, lazy open on write, and atomic write. Similar to
+    the behavior of the :class:`~click.File` param type.
+
+    If ``'-'`` is given to open ``stdout`` or ``stdin``, the stream is
+    wrapped so that using it in a context manager will not close it.
+    This makes it possible to use the function without accidentally
+    closing a standard stream:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with open_file(filename) as f:
+            ...
+
+    :param filename: The name or Path of the file to open, or ``'-'`` for
+        ``stdin``/``stdout``.
+    :param mode: The mode in which to open the file.
+    :param encoding: The encoding to decode or encode a file opened in
+        text mode.
+    :param errors: The error handling mode.
+    :param lazy: Wait to open the file until it is accessed. For read
+        mode, the file is temporarily opened to raise access errors
+        early, then closed until it is read again.
+    :param atomic: Write to a temporary file and replace the given file
+        on close.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    if lazy:
+        return t.cast(
+            t.IO[t.Any], LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+        )
+
+    f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+
+    if not should_close:
+        f = t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], KeepOpenFile(f))
+
+    return f
+
+
+def format_filename(
+    filename: "t.Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str], os.PathLike[bytes]]",
+    shorten: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Format a filename as a string for display. Ensures the filename can be
+    displayed by replacing any invalid bytes or surrogate escapes in the name
+    with the replacement character ``�``.
+
+    Invalid bytes or surrogate escapes will raise an error when written to a
+    stream with ``errors="strict"``. This will typically happen with ``stdout``
+    when the locale is something like ``en_GB.UTF-8``.
+
+    Many scenarios *are* safe to write surrogates though, due to PEP 538 and
+    PEP 540, including:
+
+    -   Writing to ``stderr``, which uses ``errors="backslashreplace"``.
+    -   The system has ``LANG=C.UTF-8``, ``C``, or ``POSIX``. Python opens
+        stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+    -   None of ``LANG/LC_*`` are set. Python assumes ``LANG=C.UTF-8``.
+    -   Python is started in UTF-8 mode  with  ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` or ``-X utf8``.
+        Python opens stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+
+    :param filename: formats a filename for UI display.  This will also convert
+                     the filename into unicode without failing.
+    :param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
+                    path that leads up to it.
+    """
+    if shorten:
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename)
+    else:
+        filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+        filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), "replace")
+    else:
+        filename = filename.encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape").decode(
+            "utf-8", "replace"
+        )
+
+    return filename
+
+
+def get_app_dir(app_name: str, roaming: bool = True, force_posix: bool = False) -> str:
+    r"""Returns the config folder for the application.  The default behavior
+    is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
+
+    To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
+    the following folders could be returned:
+
+    Mac OS X:
+      ``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
+    Mac OS X (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Unix:
+      ``~/.config/foo-bar``
+    Unix (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Windows (roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
+    Windows (not roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param app_name: the application name.  This should be properly capitalized
+                     and can contain whitespace.
+    :param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
+                    Has no effect otherwise.
+    :param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
+                        folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
+                        dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
+                        application support folder.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        key = "APPDATA" if roaming else "LOCALAPPDATA"
+        folder = os.environ.get(key)
+        if folder is None:
+            folder = os.path.expanduser("~")
+        return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
+    if force_posix:
+        return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(f"~/.{_posixify(app_name)}"))
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return os.path.join(
+            os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"), app_name
+        )
+    return os.path.join(
+        os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")),
+        _posixify(app_name),
+    )
+
+
+class PacifyFlushWrapper:
+    """This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
+    from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
+    of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
+    ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
+    other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
+    pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        except OSError as e:
+            import errno
+
+            if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
+                raise
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)
+
+
+def _detect_program_name(
+    path: t.Optional[str] = None, _main: t.Optional[ModuleType] = None
+) -> str:
+    """Determine the command used to run the program, for use in help
+    text. If a file or entry point was executed, the file name is
+    returned. If ``python -m`` was used to execute a module or package,
+    ``python -m name`` is returned.
+
+    This doesn't try to be too precise, the goal is to give a concise
+    name for help text. Files are only shown as their name without the
+    path. ``python`` is only shown for modules, and the full path to
+    ``sys.executable`` is not shown.
+
+    :param path: The Python file being executed. Python puts this in
+        ``sys.argv[0]``, which is used by default.
+    :param _main: The ``__main__`` module. This should only be passed
+        during internal testing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Based on command args detection in the Werkzeug reloader.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    if _main is None:
+        _main = sys.modules["__main__"]
+
+    if not path:
+        path = sys.argv[0]
+
+    # The value of __package__ indicates how Python was called. It may
+    # not exist if a setuptools script is installed as an egg. It may be
+    # set incorrectly for entry points created with pip on Windows.
+    # It is set to "" inside a Shiv or PEX zipapp.
+    if getattr(_main, "__package__", None) in {None, ""} or (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and _main.__package__ == ""
+        and not os.path.exists(path)
+        and os.path.exists(f"{path}.exe")
+    ):
+        # Executed a file, like "python app.py".
+        return os.path.basename(path)
+
+    # Executed a module, like "python -m example".
+    # Rewritten by Python from "-m script" to "/path/to/script.py".
+    # Need to look at main module to determine how it was executed.
+    py_module = t.cast(str, _main.__package__)
+    name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
+
+    # A submodule like "example.cli".
+    if name != "__main__":
+        py_module = f"{py_module}.{name}"
+
+    return f"python -m {py_module.lstrip('.')}"
+
+
+def _expand_args(
+    args: t.Iterable[str],
+    *,
+    user: bool = True,
+    env: bool = True,
+    glob_recursive: bool = True,
+) -> t.List[str]:
+    """Simulate Unix shell expansion with Python functions.
+
+    See :func:`glob.glob`, :func:`os.path.expanduser`, and
+    :func:`os.path.expandvars`.
+
+    This is intended for use on Windows, where the shell does not do any
+    expansion. It may not exactly match what a Unix shell would do.
+
+    :param args: List of command line arguments to expand.
+    :param user: Expand user home directory.
+    :param env: Expand environment variables.
+    :param glob_recursive: ``**`` matches directories recursively.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Invalid glob patterns are treated as empty expansions rather
+        than raising an error.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    from glob import glob
+
+    out = []
+
+    for arg in args:
+        if user:
+            arg = os.path.expanduser(arg)
+
+        if env:
+            arg = os.path.expandvars(arg)
+
+        try:
+            matches = glob(arg, recursive=glob_recursive)
+        except re.error:
+            matches = []
+
+        if not matches:
+            out.append(arg)
+        else:
+            out.extend(matches)
+
+    return out
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6427662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: cryptography
+Version: 44.0.1
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: BSD
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Security :: Cryptography
+Requires-Dist: cffi >=1.12 ; platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy'
+Requires-Dist: bcrypt >=3.1.5 ; extra == 'ssh'
+Requires-Dist: nox >=2024.4.15 ; extra == 'nox'
+Requires-Dist: nox[uv] >=2024.3.2 ; python_version >= '3.8' and extra == 'nox'
+Requires-Dist: cryptography-vectors ==44.0.1 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest >=7.4.0 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-benchmark >=4.0 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov >=2.10.1 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist >=3.5.0 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pretend >=0.7 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: certifi >=2024 ; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-randomly ; extra == 'test-randomorder'
+Requires-Dist: sphinx >=5.3.0 ; extra == 'docs'
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme >=3.0.0 ; python_version >= '3.8' and extra == 'docs'
+Requires-Dist: pyenchant >=3 ; extra == 'docstest'
+Requires-Dist: readme-renderer >=30.0 ; extra == 'docstest'
+Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-spelling >=7.3.1 ; extra == 'docstest'
+Requires-Dist: build >=1.0.0 ; extra == 'sdist'
+Requires-Dist: ruff >=0.3.6 ; extra == 'pep8test'
+Requires-Dist: mypy >=1.4 ; extra == 'pep8test'
+Requires-Dist: check-sdist ; python_version >= '3.8' and extra == 'pep8test'
+Requires-Dist: click >=8.0.1 ; extra == 'pep8test'
+Provides-Extra: ssh
+Provides-Extra: nox
+Provides-Extra: test
+Provides-Extra: test-randomorder
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Provides-Extra: docstest
+Provides-Extra: sdist
+Provides-Extra: pep8test
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: LICENSE.APACHE
+License-File: LICENSE.BSD
+Summary: cryptography is a package which provides cryptographic recipes and primitives to Python developers.
+Author: The cryptography developers <cryptography-dev@python.org>
+Author-email: The Python Cryptographic Authority and individual contributors <cryptography-dev@python.org>
+License: Apache-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
+Requires-Python: >=3.7, !=3.9.0, !=3.9.1
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst; charset=UTF-8
+Project-URL: homepage, https://github.com/pyca/cryptography
+Project-URL: documentation, https://cryptography.io/
+Project-URL: source, https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/
+Project-URL: issues, https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues
+Project-URL: changelog, https://cryptography.io/en/latest/changelog/
+
+pyca/cryptography
+=================
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cryptography.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/cryptography/
+    :alt: Latest Version
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/cryptography/badge/?version=latest
+    :target: https://cryptography.io
+    :alt: Latest Docs
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=main
+    :target: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+branch%3Amain
+
+
+``cryptography`` is a package which provides cryptographic recipes and
+primitives to Python developers. Our goal is for it to be your "cryptographic
+standard library". It supports Python 3.7+ and PyPy3 7.3.11+.
+
+``cryptography`` includes both high level recipes and low level interfaces to
+common cryptographic algorithms such as symmetric ciphers, message digests, and
+key derivation functions. For example, to encrypt something with
+``cryptography``'s high level symmetric encryption recipe:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+    >>> from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
+    >>> # Put this somewhere safe!
+    >>> key = Fernet.generate_key()
+    >>> f = Fernet(key)
+    >>> token = f.encrypt(b"A really secret message. Not for prying eyes.")
+    >>> token
+    b'...'
+    >>> f.decrypt(token)
+    b'A really secret message. Not for prying eyes.'
+
+You can find more information in the `documentation`_.
+
+You can install ``cryptography`` with:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install cryptography
+
+For full details see `the installation documentation`_.
+
+Discussion
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you run into bugs, you can file them in our `issue tracker`_.
+
+We maintain a `cryptography-dev`_ mailing list for development discussion.
+
+You can also join ``#pyca`` on ``irc.libera.chat`` to ask questions or get
+involved.
+
+Security
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Need to report a security issue? Please consult our `security reporting`_
+documentation.
+
+
+.. _`documentation`: https://cryptography.io/
+.. _`the installation documentation`: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/
+.. _`issue tracker`: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues
+.. _`cryptography-dev`: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/cryptography-dev
+.. _`security reporting`: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/security/
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b75805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/RECORD
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cec5cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: maturin (1.7.5)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11f379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This software is made available under the terms of *either* of the licenses
+found in LICENSE.APACHE or LICENSE.BSD. Contributions to cryptography are made
+under the terms of *both* these licenses.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.APACHE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62589ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
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+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
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+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
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+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
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+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.BSD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.BSD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1a29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography-44.0.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.BSD
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) Individual contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the name of PyCA Cryptography nor the names of its contributors
+       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+       without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__about__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__about__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ca20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__about__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__author__",
+    "__copyright__",
+    "__version__",
+]
+
+__version__ = "44.0.1"
+
+
+__author__ = "The Python Cryptographic Authority and individual contributors"
+__copyright__ = f"Copyright 2013-2024 {__author__}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f37370e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.__about__ import __author__, __copyright__, __version__
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__author__",
+    "__copyright__",
+    "__version__",
+]
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 7):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Python 3.7 is no longer supported by the Python core team "
+        "and support for it is deprecated in cryptography. A future "
+        "release of cryptography will remove support for Python 3.7.",
+        utils.CryptographyDeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/__about__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/__about__.cpython-312.pyc
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2268053
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..77b4f88
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/fernet.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/fernet.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1c6898
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/fernet.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a57e2f6
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe125ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import exceptions as rust_exceptions
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+_Reasons = rust_exceptions._Reasons
+
+
+class UnsupportedAlgorithm(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, reason: _Reasons | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self._reason = reason
+
+
+class AlreadyFinalized(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class AlreadyUpdated(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class NotYetFinalized(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidTag(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidSignature(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InternalError(Exception):
+    def __init__(
+        self, msg: str, err_code: list[rust_openssl.OpenSSLError]
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.err_code = err_code
+
+
+class InvalidKey(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/fernet.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/fernet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..868ecb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/fernet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import os
+import time
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, padding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac import HMAC
+
+
+class InvalidToken(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+_MAX_CLOCK_SKEW = 60
+
+
+class Fernet:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: bytes | str,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            key = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(key)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Fernet key must be 32 url-safe base64-encoded bytes."
+            ) from exc
+        if len(key) != 32:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Fernet key must be 32 url-safe base64-encoded bytes."
+            )
+
+        self._signing_key = key[:16]
+        self._encryption_key = key[16:]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_key(cls) -> bytes:
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(os.urandom(32))
+
+    def encrypt(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return self.encrypt_at_time(data, int(time.time()))
+
+    def encrypt_at_time(self, data: bytes, current_time: int) -> bytes:
+        iv = os.urandom(16)
+        return self._encrypt_from_parts(data, current_time, iv)
+
+    def _encrypt_from_parts(
+        self, data: bytes, current_time: int, iv: bytes
+    ) -> bytes:
+        utils._check_bytes("data", data)
+
+        padder = padding.PKCS7(algorithms.AES.block_size).padder()
+        padded_data = padder.update(data) + padder.finalize()
+        encryptor = Cipher(
+            algorithms.AES(self._encryption_key),
+            modes.CBC(iv),
+        ).encryptor()
+        ciphertext = encryptor.update(padded_data) + encryptor.finalize()
+
+        basic_parts = (
+            b"\x80"
+            + current_time.to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="big")
+            + iv
+            + ciphertext
+        )
+
+        h = HMAC(self._signing_key, hashes.SHA256())
+        h.update(basic_parts)
+        hmac = h.finalize()
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(basic_parts + hmac)
+
+    def decrypt(self, token: bytes | str, ttl: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        timestamp, data = Fernet._get_unverified_token_data(token)
+        if ttl is None:
+            time_info = None
+        else:
+            time_info = (ttl, int(time.time()))
+        return self._decrypt_data(data, timestamp, time_info)
+
+    def decrypt_at_time(
+        self, token: bytes | str, ttl: int, current_time: int
+    ) -> bytes:
+        if ttl is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "decrypt_at_time() can only be used with a non-None ttl"
+            )
+        timestamp, data = Fernet._get_unverified_token_data(token)
+        return self._decrypt_data(data, timestamp, (ttl, current_time))
+
+    def extract_timestamp(self, token: bytes | str) -> int:
+        timestamp, data = Fernet._get_unverified_token_data(token)
+        # Verify the token was not tampered with.
+        self._verify_signature(data)
+        return timestamp
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_unverified_token_data(token: bytes | str) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+        if not isinstance(token, (str, bytes)):
+            raise TypeError("token must be bytes or str")
+
+        try:
+            data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(token)
+        except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
+            raise InvalidToken
+
+        if not data or data[0] != 0x80:
+            raise InvalidToken
+
+        if len(data) < 9:
+            raise InvalidToken
+
+        timestamp = int.from_bytes(data[1:9], byteorder="big")
+        return timestamp, data
+
+    def _verify_signature(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        h = HMAC(self._signing_key, hashes.SHA256())
+        h.update(data[:-32])
+        try:
+            h.verify(data[-32:])
+        except InvalidSignature:
+            raise InvalidToken
+
+    def _decrypt_data(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        timestamp: int,
+        time_info: tuple[int, int] | None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        if time_info is not None:
+            ttl, current_time = time_info
+            if timestamp + ttl < current_time:
+                raise InvalidToken
+
+            if current_time + _MAX_CLOCK_SKEW < timestamp:
+                raise InvalidToken
+
+        self._verify_signature(data)
+
+        iv = data[9:25]
+        ciphertext = data[25:-32]
+        decryptor = Cipher(
+            algorithms.AES(self._encryption_key), modes.CBC(iv)
+        ).decryptor()
+        plaintext_padded = decryptor.update(ciphertext)
+        try:
+            plaintext_padded += decryptor.finalize()
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidToken
+        unpadder = padding.PKCS7(algorithms.AES.block_size).unpadder()
+
+        unpadded = unpadder.update(plaintext_padded)
+        try:
+            unpadded += unpadder.finalize()
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidToken
+        return unpadded
+
+
+class MultiFernet:
+    def __init__(self, fernets: typing.Iterable[Fernet]):
+        fernets = list(fernets)
+        if not fernets:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "MultiFernet requires at least one Fernet instance"
+            )
+        self._fernets = fernets
+
+    def encrypt(self, msg: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return self.encrypt_at_time(msg, int(time.time()))
+
+    def encrypt_at_time(self, msg: bytes, current_time: int) -> bytes:
+        return self._fernets[0].encrypt_at_time(msg, current_time)
+
+    def rotate(self, msg: bytes | str) -> bytes:
+        timestamp, data = Fernet._get_unverified_token_data(msg)
+        for f in self._fernets:
+            try:
+                p = f._decrypt_data(data, timestamp, None)
+                break
+            except InvalidToken:
+                pass
+        else:
+            raise InvalidToken
+
+        iv = os.urandom(16)
+        return self._fernets[0]._encrypt_from_parts(p, timestamp, iv)
+
+    def decrypt(self, msg: bytes | str, ttl: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        for f in self._fernets:
+            try:
+                return f.decrypt(msg, ttl)
+            except InvalidToken:
+                pass
+        raise InvalidToken
+
+    def decrypt_at_time(
+        self, msg: bytes | str, ttl: int, current_time: int
+    ) -> bytes:
+        for f in self._fernets:
+            try:
+                return f.decrypt_at_time(msg, ttl, current_time)
+            except InvalidToken:
+                pass
+        raise InvalidToken
+
+    def extract_timestamp(self, msg: bytes | str) -> int:
+        for f in self._fernets:
+            try:
+                return f.extract_timestamp(msg)
+            except InvalidToken:
+                pass
+        raise InvalidToken
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f1187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+"""
+Hazardous Materials
+
+This is a "Hazardous Materials" module. You should ONLY use it if you're
+100% absolutely sure that you know what you're doing because this module
+is full of land mines, dragons, and dinosaurs with laser guns.
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14bfa34
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__pycache__/_oid.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__pycache__/_oid.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6430f0d
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/__pycache__/_oid.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/_oid.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/_oid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bd240d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/_oid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import (
+    ObjectIdentifier as ObjectIdentifier,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+
+class ExtensionOID:
+    SUBJECT_DIRECTORY_ATTRIBUTES = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.9")
+    SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.14")
+    KEY_USAGE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.15")
+    SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.17")
+    ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.18")
+    BASIC_CONSTRAINTS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.19")
+    NAME_CONSTRAINTS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.30")
+    CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.31")
+    CERTIFICATE_POLICIES = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.32")
+    POLICY_MAPPINGS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.33")
+    AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.35")
+    POLICY_CONSTRAINTS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.36")
+    EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.37")
+    FRESHEST_CRL = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.46")
+    INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.54")
+    ISSUING_DISTRIBUTION_POINT = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.28")
+    AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1")
+    SUBJECT_INFORMATION_ACCESS = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11")
+    OCSP_NO_CHECK = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1.5")
+    TLS_FEATURE = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.24")
+    CRL_NUMBER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.20")
+    DELTA_CRL_INDICATOR = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.27")
+    PRECERT_SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS = ObjectIdentifier(
+        "1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2"
+    )
+    PRECERT_POISON = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.3")
+    SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.5")
+    MS_CERTIFICATE_TEMPLATE = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.7")
+    ADMISSIONS = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.36.8.3.3")
+
+
+class OCSPExtensionOID:
+    NONCE = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1.2")
+    ACCEPTABLE_RESPONSES = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1.4")
+
+
+class CRLEntryExtensionOID:
+    CERTIFICATE_ISSUER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.29")
+    CRL_REASON = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.21")
+    INVALIDITY_DATE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.24")
+
+
+class NameOID:
+    COMMON_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.3")
+    COUNTRY_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.6")
+    LOCALITY_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.7")
+    STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.8")
+    STREET_ADDRESS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.9")
+    ORGANIZATION_IDENTIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.97")
+    ORGANIZATION_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.10")
+    ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.11")
+    SERIAL_NUMBER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.5")
+    SURNAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.4")
+    GIVEN_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.42")
+    TITLE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.12")
+    INITIALS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.43")
+    GENERATION_QUALIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.44")
+    X500_UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.45")
+    DN_QUALIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.46")
+    PSEUDONYM = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.65")
+    USER_ID = ObjectIdentifier("0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1")
+    DOMAIN_COMPONENT = ObjectIdentifier("0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25")
+    EMAIL_ADDRESS = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.9.1")
+    JURISDICTION_COUNTRY_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3")
+    JURISDICTION_LOCALITY_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1")
+    JURISDICTION_STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME = ObjectIdentifier(
+        "1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2"
+    )
+    BUSINESS_CATEGORY = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.15")
+    POSTAL_ADDRESS = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.16")
+    POSTAL_CODE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.17")
+    INN = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.3.131.1.1")
+    OGRN = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.100.1")
+    SNILS = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.100.3")
+    UNSTRUCTURED_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.9.2")
+
+
+class SignatureAlgorithmOID:
+    RSA_WITH_MD5 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.4")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.5")
+    # This is an alternate OID for RSA with SHA1 that is occasionally seen
+    _RSA_WITH_SHA1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.14.3.2.29")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA224 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.14")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA256 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.11")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA384 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.12")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA512 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.13")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA3_224 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.13")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA3_256 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.14")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA3_384 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.15")
+    RSA_WITH_SHA3_512 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.16")
+    RSASSA_PSS = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.10")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.4.1")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA224 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.4.3.1")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA256 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.4.3.2")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA384 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.4.3.3")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA512 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.4.3.4")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_224 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.9")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_256 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.10")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_384 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.11")
+    ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_512 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.12")
+    DSA_WITH_SHA1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10040.4.3")
+    DSA_WITH_SHA224 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.1")
+    DSA_WITH_SHA256 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.2")
+    DSA_WITH_SHA384 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.3")
+    DSA_WITH_SHA512 = ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.4")
+    ED25519 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.112")
+    ED448 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.113")
+    GOSTR3411_94_WITH_3410_2001 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.2.2.3")
+    GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_256 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.7.1.1.3.2")
+    GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_512 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.643.7.1.1.3.3")
+
+
+_SIG_OIDS_TO_HASH: dict[ObjectIdentifier, hashes.HashAlgorithm | None] = {
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_MD5: hashes.MD5(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA1: hashes.SHA1(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID._RSA_WITH_SHA1: hashes.SHA1(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA224: hashes.SHA224(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA256: hashes.SHA256(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA384: hashes.SHA384(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA512: hashes.SHA512(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA3_224: hashes.SHA3_224(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA3_256: hashes.SHA3_256(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA3_384: hashes.SHA3_384(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA3_512: hashes.SHA3_512(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA1: hashes.SHA1(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA224: hashes.SHA224(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA256: hashes.SHA256(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA384: hashes.SHA384(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA512: hashes.SHA512(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_224: hashes.SHA3_224(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_256: hashes.SHA3_256(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_384: hashes.SHA3_384(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA3_512: hashes.SHA3_512(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA1: hashes.SHA1(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA224: hashes.SHA224(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA256: hashes.SHA256(),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ED25519: None,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ED448: None,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3411_94_WITH_3410_2001: None,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_256: None,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_512: None,
+}
+
+
+class PublicKeyAlgorithmOID:
+    DSA = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10040.4.1")
+    EC_PUBLIC_KEY = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.2.1")
+    RSAES_PKCS1_v1_5 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1")
+    RSASSA_PSS = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.10")
+    X25519 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.110")
+    X448 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.111")
+    ED25519 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.112")
+    ED448 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.101.113")
+
+
+class ExtendedKeyUsageOID:
+    SERVER_AUTH = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")
+    CLIENT_AUTH = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2")
+    CODE_SIGNING = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3")
+    EMAIL_PROTECTION = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4")
+    TIME_STAMPING = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8")
+    OCSP_SIGNING = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9")
+    ANY_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.37.0")
+    SMARTCARD_LOGON = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2")
+    KERBEROS_PKINIT_KDC = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.2.3.5")
+    IPSEC_IKE = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.17")
+    CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.4")
+
+
+class AuthorityInformationAccessOID:
+    CA_ISSUERS = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2")
+    OCSP = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1")
+
+
+class SubjectInformationAccessOID:
+    CA_REPOSITORY = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5")
+
+
+class CertificatePoliciesOID:
+    CPS_QUALIFIER = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1")
+    CPS_USER_NOTICE = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2")
+    ANY_POLICY = ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.32.0")
+
+
+class AttributeOID:
+    CHALLENGE_PASSWORD = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.9.7")
+    UNSTRUCTURED_NAME = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.9.2")
+
+
+_OID_NAMES = {
+    NameOID.COMMON_NAME: "commonName",
+    NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME: "countryName",
+    NameOID.LOCALITY_NAME: "localityName",
+    NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME: "stateOrProvinceName",
+    NameOID.STREET_ADDRESS: "streetAddress",
+    NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME: "organizationName",
+    NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME: "organizationalUnitName",
+    NameOID.SERIAL_NUMBER: "serialNumber",
+    NameOID.SURNAME: "surname",
+    NameOID.GIVEN_NAME: "givenName",
+    NameOID.TITLE: "title",
+    NameOID.GENERATION_QUALIFIER: "generationQualifier",
+    NameOID.X500_UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER: "x500UniqueIdentifier",
+    NameOID.DN_QUALIFIER: "dnQualifier",
+    NameOID.PSEUDONYM: "pseudonym",
+    NameOID.USER_ID: "userID",
+    NameOID.DOMAIN_COMPONENT: "domainComponent",
+    NameOID.EMAIL_ADDRESS: "emailAddress",
+    NameOID.JURISDICTION_COUNTRY_NAME: "jurisdictionCountryName",
+    NameOID.JURISDICTION_LOCALITY_NAME: "jurisdictionLocalityName",
+    NameOID.JURISDICTION_STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME: (
+        "jurisdictionStateOrProvinceName"
+    ),
+    NameOID.BUSINESS_CATEGORY: "businessCategory",
+    NameOID.POSTAL_ADDRESS: "postalAddress",
+    NameOID.POSTAL_CODE: "postalCode",
+    NameOID.INN: "INN",
+    NameOID.OGRN: "OGRN",
+    NameOID.SNILS: "SNILS",
+    NameOID.UNSTRUCTURED_NAME: "unstructuredName",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_MD5: "md5WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA1: "sha1WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA224: "sha224WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA256: "sha256WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA384: "sha384WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA512: "sha512WithRSAEncryption",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSASSA_PSS: "RSASSA-PSS",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA1: "ecdsa-with-SHA1",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA224: "ecdsa-with-SHA224",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA256: "ecdsa-with-SHA256",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA384: "ecdsa-with-SHA384",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA512: "ecdsa-with-SHA512",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA1: "dsa-with-sha1",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA224: "dsa-with-sha224",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA256: "dsa-with-sha256",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ED25519: "ed25519",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.ED448: "ed448",
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3411_94_WITH_3410_2001: (
+        "GOST R 34.11-94 with GOST R 34.10-2001"
+    ),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_256: (
+        "GOST R 34.10-2012 with GOST R 34.11-2012 (256 bit)"
+    ),
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID.GOSTR3410_2012_WITH_3411_2012_512: (
+        "GOST R 34.10-2012 with GOST R 34.11-2012 (512 bit)"
+    ),
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.DSA: "dsaEncryption",
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.EC_PUBLIC_KEY: "id-ecPublicKey",
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.RSAES_PKCS1_v1_5: "rsaEncryption",
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.RSASSA_PSS: "rsassaPss",
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.X25519: "X25519",
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID.X448: "X448",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.SERVER_AUTH: "serverAuth",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CLIENT_AUTH: "clientAuth",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CODE_SIGNING: "codeSigning",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.EMAIL_PROTECTION: "emailProtection",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.TIME_STAMPING: "timeStamping",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.OCSP_SIGNING: "OCSPSigning",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.SMARTCARD_LOGON: "msSmartcardLogin",
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID.KERBEROS_PKINIT_KDC: "pkInitKDC",
+    ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_DIRECTORY_ATTRIBUTES: "subjectDirectoryAttributes",
+    ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER: "subjectKeyIdentifier",
+    ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE: "keyUsage",
+    ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME: "subjectAltName",
+    ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME: "issuerAltName",
+    ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS: "basicConstraints",
+    ExtensionOID.PRECERT_SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS: (
+        "signedCertificateTimestampList"
+    ),
+    ExtensionOID.SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS: (
+        "signedCertificateTimestampList"
+    ),
+    ExtensionOID.PRECERT_POISON: "ctPoison",
+    ExtensionOID.MS_CERTIFICATE_TEMPLATE: "msCertificateTemplate",
+    ExtensionOID.ADMISSIONS: "Admissions",
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID.CRL_REASON: "cRLReason",
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID.INVALIDITY_DATE: "invalidityDate",
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_ISSUER: "certificateIssuer",
+    ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS: "nameConstraints",
+    ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS: "cRLDistributionPoints",
+    ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES: "certificatePolicies",
+    ExtensionOID.POLICY_MAPPINGS: "policyMappings",
+    ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER: "authorityKeyIdentifier",
+    ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS: "policyConstraints",
+    ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE: "extendedKeyUsage",
+    ExtensionOID.FRESHEST_CRL: "freshestCRL",
+    ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY: "inhibitAnyPolicy",
+    ExtensionOID.ISSUING_DISTRIBUTION_POINT: "issuingDistributionPoint",
+    ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS: "authorityInfoAccess",
+    ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_INFORMATION_ACCESS: "subjectInfoAccess",
+    ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK: "OCSPNoCheck",
+    ExtensionOID.CRL_NUMBER: "cRLNumber",
+    ExtensionOID.DELTA_CRL_INDICATOR: "deltaCRLIndicator",
+    ExtensionOID.TLS_FEATURE: "TLSFeature",
+    AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP: "OCSP",
+    AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS: "caIssuers",
+    SubjectInformationAccessOID.CA_REPOSITORY: "caRepository",
+    CertificatePoliciesOID.CPS_QUALIFIER: "id-qt-cps",
+    CertificatePoliciesOID.CPS_USER_NOTICE: "id-qt-unotice",
+    OCSPExtensionOID.NONCE: "OCSPNonce",
+    AttributeOID.CHALLENGE_PASSWORD: "challengePassword",
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4400aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def default_backend() -> Any:
+    from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+    return backend
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b0447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+__all__ = ["backend"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/backend.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7899684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl import binding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._asymmetric import AsymmetricPadding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import utils as asym_utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding import (
+    MGF1,
+    OAEP,
+    PSS,
+    PKCS1v15,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import (
+    CipherAlgorithm,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    AES,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes import (
+    CBC,
+    Mode,
+)
+
+
+class Backend:
+    """
+    OpenSSL API binding interfaces.
+    """
+
+    name = "openssl"
+
+    # TripleDES encryption is disallowed/deprecated throughout 2023 in
+    # FIPS 140-3. To keep it simple we denylist any use of TripleDES (TDEA).
+    _fips_ciphers = (AES,)
+    # Sometimes SHA1 is still permissible. That logic is contained
+    # within the various *_supported methods.
+    _fips_hashes = (
+        hashes.SHA224,
+        hashes.SHA256,
+        hashes.SHA384,
+        hashes.SHA512,
+        hashes.SHA512_224,
+        hashes.SHA512_256,
+        hashes.SHA3_224,
+        hashes.SHA3_256,
+        hashes.SHA3_384,
+        hashes.SHA3_512,
+        hashes.SHAKE128,
+        hashes.SHAKE256,
+    )
+    _fips_ecdh_curves = (
+        ec.SECP224R1,
+        ec.SECP256R1,
+        ec.SECP384R1,
+        ec.SECP521R1,
+    )
+    _fips_rsa_min_key_size = 2048
+    _fips_rsa_min_public_exponent = 65537
+    _fips_dsa_min_modulus = 1 << 2048
+    _fips_dh_min_key_size = 2048
+    _fips_dh_min_modulus = 1 << _fips_dh_min_key_size
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._binding = binding.Binding()
+        self._ffi = self._binding.ffi
+        self._lib = self._binding.lib
+        self._fips_enabled = rust_openssl.is_fips_enabled()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<OpenSSLBackend(version: {self.openssl_version_text()}, "
+            f"FIPS: {self._fips_enabled}, "
+            f"Legacy: {rust_openssl._legacy_provider_loaded})>"
+        )
+
+    def openssl_assert(self, ok: bool) -> None:
+        return binding._openssl_assert(ok)
+
+    def _enable_fips(self) -> None:
+        # This function enables FIPS mode for OpenSSL 3.0.0 on installs that
+        # have the FIPS provider installed properly.
+        rust_openssl.enable_fips(rust_openssl._providers)
+        assert rust_openssl.is_fips_enabled()
+        self._fips_enabled = rust_openssl.is_fips_enabled()
+
+    def openssl_version_text(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Friendly string name of the loaded OpenSSL library. This is not
+        necessarily the same version as it was compiled against.
+
+        Example: OpenSSL 3.2.1 30 Jan 2024
+        """
+        return rust_openssl.openssl_version_text()
+
+    def openssl_version_number(self) -> int:
+        return rust_openssl.openssl_version()
+
+    def hash_supported(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled and not isinstance(algorithm, self._fips_hashes):
+            return False
+
+        return rust_openssl.hashes.hash_supported(algorithm)
+
+    def signature_hash_supported(
+        self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm
+    ) -> bool:
+        # Dedicated check for hashing algorithm use in message digest for
+        # signatures, e.g. RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 SHA1 (sha1WithRSAEncryption).
+        if self._fips_enabled and isinstance(algorithm, hashes.SHA1):
+            return False
+        return self.hash_supported(algorithm)
+
+    def scrypt_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return hasattr(rust_openssl.kdf.Scrypt, "derive")
+
+    def argon2_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return hasattr(rust_openssl.kdf.Argon2id, "derive")
+
+    def hmac_supported(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool:
+        # FIPS mode still allows SHA1 for HMAC
+        if self._fips_enabled and isinstance(algorithm, hashes.SHA1):
+            return True
+
+        return self.hash_supported(algorithm)
+
+    def cipher_supported(self, cipher: CipherAlgorithm, mode: Mode) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            # FIPS mode requires AES. TripleDES is disallowed/deprecated in
+            # FIPS 140-3.
+            if not isinstance(cipher, self._fips_ciphers):
+                return False
+
+        return rust_openssl.ciphers.cipher_supported(cipher, mode)
+
+    def pbkdf2_hmac_supported(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool:
+        return self.hmac_supported(algorithm)
+
+    def _consume_errors(self) -> list[rust_openssl.OpenSSLError]:
+        return rust_openssl.capture_error_stack()
+
+    def _oaep_hash_supported(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled and isinstance(algorithm, hashes.SHA1):
+            return False
+
+        return isinstance(
+            algorithm,
+            (
+                hashes.SHA1,
+                hashes.SHA224,
+                hashes.SHA256,
+                hashes.SHA384,
+                hashes.SHA512,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def rsa_padding_supported(self, padding: AsymmetricPadding) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(padding, PKCS1v15):
+            return True
+        elif isinstance(padding, PSS) and isinstance(padding._mgf, MGF1):
+            # SHA1 is permissible in MGF1 in FIPS even when SHA1 is blocked
+            # as signature algorithm.
+            if self._fips_enabled and isinstance(
+                padding._mgf._algorithm, hashes.SHA1
+            ):
+                return True
+            else:
+                return self.hash_supported(padding._mgf._algorithm)
+        elif isinstance(padding, OAEP) and isinstance(padding._mgf, MGF1):
+            return self._oaep_hash_supported(
+                padding._mgf._algorithm
+            ) and self._oaep_hash_supported(padding._algorithm)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def rsa_encryption_supported(self, padding: AsymmetricPadding) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled and isinstance(padding, PKCS1v15):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return self.rsa_padding_supported(padding)
+
+    def dsa_supported(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL
+            and not self._fips_enabled
+        )
+
+    def dsa_hash_supported(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool:
+        if not self.dsa_supported():
+            return False
+        return self.signature_hash_supported(algorithm)
+
+    def cmac_algorithm_supported(self, algorithm) -> bool:
+        return self.cipher_supported(
+            algorithm, CBC(b"\x00" * algorithm.block_size)
+        )
+
+    def elliptic_curve_supported(self, curve: ec.EllipticCurve) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled and not isinstance(
+            curve, self._fips_ecdh_curves
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        return rust_openssl.ec.curve_supported(curve)
+
+    def elliptic_curve_signature_algorithm_supported(
+        self,
+        signature_algorithm: ec.EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm,
+        curve: ec.EllipticCurve,
+    ) -> bool:
+        # We only support ECDSA right now.
+        if not isinstance(signature_algorithm, ec.ECDSA):
+            return False
+
+        return self.elliptic_curve_supported(curve) and (
+            isinstance(signature_algorithm.algorithm, asym_utils.Prehashed)
+            or self.hash_supported(signature_algorithm.algorithm)
+        )
+
+    def elliptic_curve_exchange_algorithm_supported(
+        self, algorithm: ec.ECDH, curve: ec.EllipticCurve
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.elliptic_curve_supported(curve) and isinstance(
+            algorithm, ec.ECDH
+        )
+
+    def dh_supported(self) -> bool:
+        return not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL
+
+    def dh_x942_serialization_supported(self) -> bool:
+        return self._lib.Cryptography_HAS_EVP_PKEY_DHX == 1
+
+    def x25519_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def x448_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        return (
+            not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL
+            and not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL
+        )
+
+    def ed25519_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def ed448_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        return (
+            not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL
+            and not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL
+        )
+
+    def ecdsa_deterministic_supported(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_320_OR_GREATER
+            and not self._fips_enabled
+        )
+
+    def poly1305_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._fips_enabled:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def pkcs7_supported(self) -> bool:
+        return not rust_openssl.CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL
+
+
+backend = Backend()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b509336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7723c17
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/__init__.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30b67d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding
+
+def check_ansix923_padding(data: bytes) -> bool: ...
+
+class PKCS7PaddingContext(padding.PaddingContext):
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+
+class PKCS7UnpaddingContext(padding.PaddingContext):
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+
+class ObjectIdentifier:
+    def __init__(self, val: str) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def dotted_string(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def _name(self) -> str: ...
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/_openssl.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/_openssl.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8010008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/_openssl.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+lib = typing.Any
+ffi = typing.Any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/asn1.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/asn1.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b5f208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/asn1.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+def decode_dss_signature(signature: bytes) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
+def encode_dss_signature(r: int, s: int) -> bytes: ...
+def parse_spki_for_data(data: bytes) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/exceptions.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/exceptions.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09f46b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/exceptions.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+class _Reasons:
+    BACKEND_MISSING_INTERFACE: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_HASH: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_PADDING: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_MGF: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_ELLIPTIC_CURVE: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_SERIALIZATION: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_X509: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_DIFFIE_HELLMAN: _Reasons
+    UNSUPPORTED_MAC: _Reasons
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/ocsp.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/ocsp.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4321be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/ocsp.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import datetime
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import PrivateKeyTypes
+from cryptography.x509 import ocsp
+
+class OCSPRequest:
+    @property
+    def issuer_key_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer_name_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def hash_algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    @property
+    def serial_number(self) -> int: ...
+    def public_bytes(self, encoding: serialization.Encoding) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+
+class OCSPResponse:
+    @property
+    def responses(self) -> typing.Iterator[OCSPSingleResponse]: ...
+    @property
+    def response_status(self) -> ocsp.OCSPResponseStatus: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_oid(self) -> x509.ObjectIdentifier: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_hash_algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm | None: ...
+    @property
+    def signature(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def tbs_response_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def certificates(self) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
+    @property
+    def responder_key_hash(self) -> bytes | None: ...
+    @property
+    def responder_name(self) -> x509.Name | None: ...
+    @property
+    def produced_at(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def produced_at_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def certificate_status(self) -> ocsp.OCSPCertStatus: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_time(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_time_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_reason(self) -> x509.ReasonFlags | None: ...
+    @property
+    def this_update(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def this_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer_key_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer_name_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def hash_algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    @property
+    def serial_number(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+    @property
+    def single_extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+    def public_bytes(self, encoding: serialization.Encoding) -> bytes: ...
+
+class OCSPSingleResponse:
+    @property
+    def certificate_status(self) -> ocsp.OCSPCertStatus: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_time(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_time_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def revocation_reason(self) -> x509.ReasonFlags | None: ...
+    @property
+    def this_update(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def this_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer_key_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer_name_hash(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def hash_algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    @property
+    def serial_number(self) -> int: ...
+
+def load_der_ocsp_request(data: bytes) -> ocsp.OCSPRequest: ...
+def load_der_ocsp_response(data: bytes) -> ocsp.OCSPResponse: ...
+def create_ocsp_request(
+    builder: ocsp.OCSPRequestBuilder,
+) -> ocsp.OCSPRequest: ...
+def create_ocsp_response(
+    status: ocsp.OCSPResponseStatus,
+    builder: ocsp.OCSPResponseBuilder | None,
+    private_key: PrivateKeyTypes | None,
+    hash_algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+) -> ocsp.OCSPResponse: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/__init__.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..320cef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust.openssl import (
+    aead,
+    ciphers,
+    cmac,
+    dh,
+    dsa,
+    ec,
+    ed448,
+    ed25519,
+    hashes,
+    hmac,
+    kdf,
+    keys,
+    poly1305,
+    rsa,
+    x448,
+    x25519,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "aead",
+    "ciphers",
+    "cmac",
+    "dh",
+    "dsa",
+    "ec",
+    "ed448",
+    "ed25519",
+    "hashes",
+    "hmac",
+    "kdf",
+    "keys",
+    "openssl_version",
+    "openssl_version_text",
+    "poly1305",
+    "raise_openssl_error",
+    "rsa",
+    "x448",
+    "x25519",
+]
+
+CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL: bool
+CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL: bool
+CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_300_OR_GREATER: bool
+CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_309_OR_GREATER: bool
+CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_320_OR_GREATER: bool
+
+class Providers: ...
+
+_legacy_provider_loaded: bool
+_providers: Providers
+
+def openssl_version() -> int: ...
+def openssl_version_text() -> str: ...
+def raise_openssl_error() -> typing.NoReturn: ...
+def capture_error_stack() -> list[OpenSSLError]: ...
+def is_fips_enabled() -> bool: ...
+def enable_fips(providers: Providers) -> None: ...
+
+class OpenSSLError:
+    @property
+    def lib(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def reason(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def reason_text(self) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/aead.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/aead.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..047f49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/aead.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+class AESGCM:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key(key_size: int) -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+class ChaCha20Poly1305:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key() -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+class AESCCM:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes, tag_length: int = 16) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key(key_size: int) -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+class AESSIV:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key(key_size: int) -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: list[bytes] | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: list[bytes] | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+class AESOCB3:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key(key_size: int) -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+class AESGCMSIV:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_key(key_size: int) -> bytes: ...
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+    def decrypt(
+        self,
+        nonce: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        associated_data: bytes | None,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ciphers.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ciphers.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..759f3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ciphers.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import ciphers
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import modes
+
+@typing.overload
+def create_encryption_ctx(
+    algorithm: ciphers.CipherAlgorithm, mode: modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag
+) -> ciphers.AEADEncryptionContext: ...
+@typing.overload
+def create_encryption_ctx(
+    algorithm: ciphers.CipherAlgorithm, mode: modes.Mode
+) -> ciphers.CipherContext: ...
+@typing.overload
+def create_decryption_ctx(
+    algorithm: ciphers.CipherAlgorithm, mode: modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag
+) -> ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext: ...
+@typing.overload
+def create_decryption_ctx(
+    algorithm: ciphers.CipherAlgorithm, mode: modes.Mode
+) -> ciphers.CipherContext: ...
+def cipher_supported(
+    algorithm: ciphers.CipherAlgorithm, mode: modes.Mode
+) -> bool: ...
+def _advance(
+    ctx: ciphers.AEADEncryptionContext | ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext, n: int
+) -> None: ...
+def _advance_aad(
+    ctx: ciphers.AEADEncryptionContext | ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext, n: int
+) -> None: ...
+
+class CipherContext: ...
+class AEADEncryptionContext: ...
+class AEADDecryptionContext: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/cmac.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/cmac.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c03508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/cmac.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import ciphers
+
+class CMAC:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: ciphers.BlockCipherAlgorithm,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify(self, signature: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def copy(self) -> CMAC: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dh.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dh.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08733d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dh.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dh
+
+MIN_MODULUS_SIZE: int
+
+class DHPrivateKey: ...
+class DHPublicKey: ...
+class DHParameters: ...
+
+class DHPrivateNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, x: int, public_numbers: DHPublicNumbers) -> None: ...
+    def private_key(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dh.DHPrivateKey: ...
+    @property
+    def x(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def public_numbers(self) -> DHPublicNumbers: ...
+
+class DHPublicNumbers:
+    def __init__(
+        self, y: int, parameter_numbers: DHParameterNumbers
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def public_key(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dh.DHPublicKey: ...
+    @property
+    def y(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def parameter_numbers(self) -> DHParameterNumbers: ...
+
+class DHParameterNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, p: int, g: int, q: int | None = None) -> None: ...
+    def parameters(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dh.DHParameters: ...
+    @property
+    def p(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def g(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def q(self) -> int | None: ...
+
+def generate_parameters(
+    generator: int, key_size: int, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> dh.DHParameters: ...
+def from_pem_parameters(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> dh.DHParameters: ...
+def from_der_parameters(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> dh.DHParameters: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dsa.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dsa.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0922a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/dsa.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dsa
+
+class DSAPrivateKey: ...
+class DSAPublicKey: ...
+class DSAParameters: ...
+
+class DSAPrivateNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, x: int, public_numbers: DSAPublicNumbers) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def x(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def public_numbers(self) -> DSAPublicNumbers: ...
+    def private_key(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dsa.DSAPrivateKey: ...
+
+class DSAPublicNumbers:
+    def __init__(
+        self, y: int, parameter_numbers: DSAParameterNumbers
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def y(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def parameter_numbers(self) -> DSAParameterNumbers: ...
+    def public_key(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dsa.DSAPublicKey: ...
+
+class DSAParameterNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, p: int, q: int, g: int) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def p(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def q(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def g(self) -> int: ...
+    def parameters(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> dsa.DSAParameters: ...
+
+def generate_parameters(key_size: int) -> dsa.DSAParameters: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ec.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ec.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c3b7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ec.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
+
+class ECPrivateKey: ...
+class ECPublicKey: ...
+
+class EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers:
+    def __init__(
+        self, private_value: int, public_numbers: EllipticCurvePublicNumbers
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def private_key(
+        self, backend: typing.Any = None
+    ) -> ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey: ...
+    @property
+    def private_value(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def public_numbers(self) -> EllipticCurvePublicNumbers: ...
+
+class EllipticCurvePublicNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, x: int, y: int, curve: ec.EllipticCurve) -> None: ...
+    def public_key(
+        self, backend: typing.Any = None
+    ) -> ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey: ...
+    @property
+    def x(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def y(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def curve(self) -> ec.EllipticCurve: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+
+def curve_supported(curve: ec.EllipticCurve) -> bool: ...
+def generate_private_key(
+    curve: ec.EllipticCurve, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey: ...
+def from_private_numbers(
+    numbers: ec.EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers,
+) -> ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey: ...
+def from_public_numbers(
+    numbers: ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers,
+) -> ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey: ...
+def from_public_bytes(
+    curve: ec.EllipticCurve, data: bytes
+) -> ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey: ...
+def derive_private_key(
+    private_value: int, curve: ec.EllipticCurve
+) -> ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed25519.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed25519.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5233f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed25519.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed25519
+
+class Ed25519PrivateKey: ...
+class Ed25519PublicKey: ...
+
+def generate_key() -> ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey: ...
+def from_private_bytes(data: bytes) -> ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey: ...
+def from_public_bytes(data: bytes) -> ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed448.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed448.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a06520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/ed448.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed448
+
+class Ed448PrivateKey: ...
+class Ed448PublicKey: ...
+
+def generate_key() -> ed448.Ed448PrivateKey: ...
+def from_private_bytes(data: bytes) -> ed448.Ed448PrivateKey: ...
+def from_public_bytes(data: bytes) -> ed448.Ed448PublicKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hashes.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hashes.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f3170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hashes.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+class Hash(hashes.HashContext):
+    def __init__(
+        self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm, backend: typing.Any = None
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def copy(self) -> Hash: ...
+
+def hash_supported(algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bool: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hmac.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hmac.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e38d9b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/hmac.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+class HMAC(hashes.HashContext):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: bytes,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify(self, signature: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def copy(self) -> HMAC: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/kdf.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/kdf.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b90bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/kdf.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import HashAlgorithm
+
+def derive_pbkdf2_hmac(
+    key_material: bytes,
+    algorithm: HashAlgorithm,
+    salt: bytes,
+    iterations: int,
+    length: int,
+) -> bytes: ...
+
+class Scrypt:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        salt: bytes,
+        length: int,
+        n: int,
+        r: int,
+        p: int,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None: ...
+
+class Argon2id:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        salt: bytes,
+        length: int,
+        iterations: int,
+        lanes: int,
+        memory_cost: int,
+        ad: bytes | None = None,
+        secret: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/keys.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/keys.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6815b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/keys.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import (
+    PrivateKeyTypes,
+    PublicKeyTypes,
+)
+
+def load_der_private_key(
+    data: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+    *,
+    unsafe_skip_rsa_key_validation: bool = False,
+) -> PrivateKeyTypes: ...
+def load_pem_private_key(
+    data: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+    *,
+    unsafe_skip_rsa_key_validation: bool = False,
+) -> PrivateKeyTypes: ...
+def load_der_public_key(
+    data: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> PublicKeyTypes: ...
+def load_pem_public_key(
+    data: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> PublicKeyTypes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/poly1305.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/poly1305.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e9b0a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/poly1305.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+class Poly1305:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_tag(key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def verify_tag(key: bytes, data: bytes, tag: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify(self, tag: bytes) -> None: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/rsa.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/rsa.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef7752d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/rsa.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
+
+class RSAPrivateKey: ...
+class RSAPublicKey: ...
+
+class RSAPrivateNumbers:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        p: int,
+        q: int,
+        d: int,
+        dmp1: int,
+        dmq1: int,
+        iqmp: int,
+        public_numbers: RSAPublicNumbers,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def p(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def q(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def d(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def dmp1(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def dmq1(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def iqmp(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def public_numbers(self) -> RSAPublicNumbers: ...
+    def private_key(
+        self,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        unsafe_skip_rsa_key_validation: bool = False,
+    ) -> rsa.RSAPrivateKey: ...
+
+class RSAPublicNumbers:
+    def __init__(self, e: int, n: int) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def n(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def e(self) -> int: ...
+    def public_key(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> rsa.RSAPublicKey: ...
+
+def generate_private_key(
+    public_exponent: int,
+    key_size: int,
+) -> rsa.RSAPrivateKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x25519.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x25519.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da0f3ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x25519.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import x25519
+
+class X25519PrivateKey: ...
+class X25519PublicKey: ...
+
+def generate_key() -> x25519.X25519PrivateKey: ...
+def from_private_bytes(data: bytes) -> x25519.X25519PrivateKey: ...
+def from_public_bytes(data: bytes) -> x25519.X25519PublicKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x448.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x448.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e51cfeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/openssl/x448.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import x448
+
+class X448PrivateKey: ...
+class X448PublicKey: ...
+
+def generate_key() -> x448.X448PrivateKey: ...
+def from_private_bytes(data: bytes) -> x448.X448PrivateKey: ...
+def from_public_bytes(data: bytes) -> x448.X448PublicKey: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs12.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs12.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40514c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs12.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import PrivateKeyTypes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
+    KeySerializationEncryption,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12 import (
+    PKCS12KeyAndCertificates,
+    PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes,
+)
+
+class PKCS12Certificate:
+    def __init__(
+        self, cert: x509.Certificate, friendly_name: bytes | None
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def friendly_name(self) -> bytes | None: ...
+    @property
+    def certificate(self) -> x509.Certificate: ...
+
+def load_key_and_certificates(
+    data: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> tuple[
+    PrivateKeyTypes | None,
+    x509.Certificate | None,
+    list[x509.Certificate],
+]: ...
+def load_pkcs12(
+    data: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> PKCS12KeyAndCertificates: ...
+def serialize_key_and_certificates(
+    name: bytes | None,
+    key: PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes | None,
+    cert: x509.Certificate | None,
+    cas: typing.Iterable[x509.Certificate | PKCS12Certificate] | None,
+    encryption_algorithm: KeySerializationEncryption,
+) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs7.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs7.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9aa81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/pkcs7.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import pkcs7
+
+def serialize_certificates(
+    certs: list[x509.Certificate],
+    encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+) -> bytes: ...
+def encrypt_and_serialize(
+    builder: pkcs7.PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder,
+    encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+    options: typing.Iterable[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> bytes: ...
+def sign_and_serialize(
+    builder: pkcs7.PKCS7SignatureBuilder,
+    encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+    options: typing.Iterable[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> bytes: ...
+def decrypt_der(
+    data: bytes,
+    certificate: x509.Certificate,
+    private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    options: typing.Iterable[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> bytes: ...
+def decrypt_pem(
+    data: bytes,
+    certificate: x509.Certificate,
+    private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    options: typing.Iterable[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> bytes: ...
+def decrypt_smime(
+    data: bytes,
+    certificate: x509.Certificate,
+    private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    options: typing.Iterable[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> bytes: ...
+def load_pem_pkcs7_certificates(
+    data: bytes,
+) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
+def load_der_pkcs7_certificates(
+    data: bytes,
+) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/test_support.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/test_support.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef9f779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/test_support.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import pkcs7
+
+class TestCertificate:
+    not_after_tag: int
+    not_before_tag: int
+    issuer_value_tags: list[int]
+    subject_value_tags: list[int]
+
+def test_parse_certificate(data: bytes) -> TestCertificate: ...
+def pkcs7_verify(
+    encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+    sig: bytes,
+    msg: bytes | None,
+    certs: list[x509.Certificate],
+    options: list[pkcs7.PKCS7Options],
+) -> None: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/x509.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/x509.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b494fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/x509.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import datetime
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec import ECDSA
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding import PSS, PKCS1v15
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import (
+    CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes,
+    CertificatePublicKeyTypes,
+    PrivateKeyTypes,
+)
+from cryptography.x509 import certificate_transparency
+
+def load_pem_x509_certificate(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.Certificate: ...
+def load_der_x509_certificate(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.Certificate: ...
+def load_pem_x509_certificates(
+    data: bytes,
+) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
+def load_pem_x509_crl(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.CertificateRevocationList: ...
+def load_der_x509_crl(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.CertificateRevocationList: ...
+def load_pem_x509_csr(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.CertificateSigningRequest: ...
+def load_der_x509_csr(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> x509.CertificateSigningRequest: ...
+def encode_name_bytes(name: x509.Name) -> bytes: ...
+def encode_extension_value(extension: x509.ExtensionType) -> bytes: ...
+def create_x509_certificate(
+    builder: x509.CertificateBuilder,
+    private_key: PrivateKeyTypes,
+    hash_algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+    rsa_padding: PKCS1v15 | PSS | None,
+) -> x509.Certificate: ...
+def create_x509_csr(
+    builder: x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder,
+    private_key: PrivateKeyTypes,
+    hash_algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+    rsa_padding: PKCS1v15 | PSS | None,
+) -> x509.CertificateSigningRequest: ...
+def create_x509_crl(
+    builder: x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder,
+    private_key: PrivateKeyTypes,
+    hash_algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+    rsa_padding: PKCS1v15 | PSS | None,
+) -> x509.CertificateRevocationList: ...
+
+class Sct:
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> certificate_transparency.Version: ...
+    @property
+    def log_id(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def timestamp(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def entry_type(self) -> certificate_transparency.LogEntryType: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_hash_algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> certificate_transparency.SignatureAlgorithm: ...
+    @property
+    def signature(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def extension_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+
+class Certificate:
+    def fingerprint(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def serial_number(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> x509.Version: ...
+    def public_key(self) -> CertificatePublicKeyTypes: ...
+    @property
+    def public_key_algorithm_oid(self) -> x509.ObjectIdentifier: ...
+    @property
+    def not_valid_before(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def not_valid_before_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def not_valid_after(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def not_valid_after_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer(self) -> x509.Name: ...
+    @property
+    def subject(self) -> x509.Name: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_hash_algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm | None: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_oid(self) -> x509.ObjectIdentifier: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_parameters(
+        self,
+    ) -> None | PSS | PKCS1v15 | ECDSA: ...
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+    @property
+    def signature(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def tbs_certificate_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def tbs_precertificate_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+    def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
+    def public_bytes(self, encoding: serialization.Encoding) -> bytes: ...
+    def verify_directly_issued_by(self, issuer: Certificate) -> None: ...
+
+class RevokedCertificate: ...
+
+class CertificateRevocationList:
+    def public_bytes(self, encoding: serialization.Encoding) -> bytes: ...
+    def fingerprint(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> bytes: ...
+    def get_revoked_certificate_by_serial_number(
+        self, serial_number: int
+    ) -> RevokedCertificate | None: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_hash_algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm | None: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_oid(self) -> x509.ObjectIdentifier: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_parameters(
+        self,
+    ) -> None | PSS | PKCS1v15 | ECDSA: ...
+    @property
+    def issuer(self) -> x509.Name: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def next_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime | None: ...
+    @property
+    def last_update(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def last_update_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+    @property
+    def signature(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def tbs_certlist_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+    def __len__(self) -> int: ...
+    @typing.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> x509.RevokedCertificate: ...
+    @typing.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: slice) -> list[x509.RevokedCertificate]: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[x509.RevokedCertificate]: ...
+    def is_signature_valid(
+        self, public_key: CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes
+    ) -> bool: ...
+
+class CertificateSigningRequest:
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+    def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
+    def public_key(self) -> CertificatePublicKeyTypes: ...
+    @property
+    def subject(self) -> x509.Name: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_hash_algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm | None: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_oid(self) -> x509.ObjectIdentifier: ...
+    @property
+    def signature_algorithm_parameters(
+        self,
+    ) -> None | PSS | PKCS1v15 | ECDSA: ...
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> x509.Extensions: ...
+    @property
+    def attributes(self) -> x509.Attributes: ...
+    def public_bytes(self, encoding: serialization.Encoding) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def signature(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def tbs_certrequest_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+    @property
+    def is_signature_valid(self) -> bool: ...
+    def get_attribute_for_oid(self, oid: x509.ObjectIdentifier) -> bytes: ...
+
+class PolicyBuilder:
+    def time(self, new_time: datetime.datetime) -> PolicyBuilder: ...
+    def store(self, new_store: Store) -> PolicyBuilder: ...
+    def max_chain_depth(self, new_max_chain_depth: int) -> PolicyBuilder: ...
+    def build_client_verifier(self) -> ClientVerifier: ...
+    def build_server_verifier(
+        self, subject: x509.verification.Subject
+    ) -> ServerVerifier: ...
+
+class VerifiedClient:
+    @property
+    def subjects(self) -> list[x509.GeneralName] | None: ...
+    @property
+    def chain(self) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
+
+class ClientVerifier:
+    @property
+    def validation_time(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def store(self) -> Store: ...
+    @property
+    def max_chain_depth(self) -> int: ...
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        leaf: x509.Certificate,
+        intermediates: list[x509.Certificate],
+    ) -> VerifiedClient: ...
+
+class ServerVerifier:
+    @property
+    def subject(self) -> x509.verification.Subject: ...
+    @property
+    def validation_time(self) -> datetime.datetime: ...
+    @property
+    def store(self) -> Store: ...
+    @property
+    def max_chain_depth(self) -> int: ...
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        leaf: x509.Certificate,
+        intermediates: list[x509.Certificate],
+    ) -> list[x509.Certificate]: ...
+
+class Store:
+    def __init__(self, certs: list[x509.Certificate]) -> None: ...
+
+class VerificationError(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b509336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/_conditional.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/_conditional.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73c06f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/_conditional.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def cryptography_has_set_cert_cb() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_set_cert_cb",
+        "SSL_set_cert_cb",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_ssl_st() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_ST_BEFORE",
+        "SSL_ST_OK",
+        "SSL_ST_INIT",
+        "SSL_ST_RENEGOTIATE",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_tls_st() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "TLS_ST_BEFORE",
+        "TLS_ST_OK",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_ssl_sigalgs() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_set1_sigalgs_list",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_psk() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_use_psk_identity_hint",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_psk_server_callback",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_psk_client_callback",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_psk_tlsv13() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_set_psk_find_session_callback",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_psk_use_session_callback",
+        "Cryptography_SSL_SESSION_new",
+        "SSL_CIPHER_find",
+        "SSL_SESSION_set1_master_key",
+        "SSL_SESSION_set_cipher",
+        "SSL_SESSION_set_protocol_version",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_custom_ext() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_add_client_custom_ext",
+        "SSL_CTX_add_server_custom_ext",
+        "SSL_extension_supported",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_tlsv13_functions() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites",
+        "SSL_verify_client_post_handshake",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth",
+        "SSL_set_post_handshake_auth",
+        "SSL_SESSION_get_max_early_data",
+        "SSL_write_early_data",
+        "SSL_read_early_data",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_max_early_data",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_engine() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "ENGINE_by_id",
+        "ENGINE_init",
+        "ENGINE_finish",
+        "ENGINE_get_default_RAND",
+        "ENGINE_set_default_RAND",
+        "ENGINE_unregister_RAND",
+        "ENGINE_ctrl_cmd",
+        "ENGINE_free",
+        "ENGINE_get_name",
+        "ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string",
+        "ENGINE_load_builtin_engines",
+        "ENGINE_load_private_key",
+        "ENGINE_load_public_key",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_engine",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_verified_chain() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_get0_verified_chain",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_srtp() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_use_srtp",
+        "SSL_set_tlsext_use_srtp",
+        "SSL_get_selected_srtp_profile",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_op_no_renegotiation() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_dtls_get_data_mtu() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "DTLS_get_data_mtu",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_ssl_cookie() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE",
+        "DTLSv1_listen",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_cookie_generate_cb",
+        "SSL_CTX_set_cookie_verify_cb",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_prime_checks() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "BN_prime_checks_for_size",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_unexpected_eof_while_reading() -> list[str]:
+    return ["SSL_R_UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING"]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_ssl_op_ignore_unexpected_eof() -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        "SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF",
+    ]
+
+
+def cryptography_has_get_extms_support() -> list[str]:
+    return ["SSL_get_extms_support"]
+
+
+# This is a mapping of
+# {condition: function-returning-names-dependent-on-that-condition} so we can
+# loop over them and delete unsupported names at runtime. It will be removed
+# when cffi supports #if in cdef. We use functions instead of just a dict of
+# lists so we can use coverage to measure which are used.
+CONDITIONAL_NAMES = {
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SET_CERT_CB": cryptography_has_set_cert_cb,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SSL_ST": cryptography_has_ssl_st,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_TLS_ST": cryptography_has_tls_st,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SIGALGS": cryptography_has_ssl_sigalgs,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_PSK": cryptography_has_psk,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_PSK_TLSv1_3": cryptography_has_psk_tlsv13,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_CUSTOM_EXT": cryptography_has_custom_ext,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_TLSv1_3_FUNCTIONS": cryptography_has_tlsv13_functions,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_ENGINE": cryptography_has_engine,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_VERIFIED_CHAIN": cryptography_has_verified_chain,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SRTP": cryptography_has_srtp,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION": (
+        cryptography_has_op_no_renegotiation
+    ),
+    "Cryptography_HAS_DTLS_GET_DATA_MTU": cryptography_has_dtls_get_data_mtu,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SSL_COOKIE": cryptography_has_ssl_cookie,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_PRIME_CHECKS": cryptography_has_prime_checks,
+    "Cryptography_HAS_UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING": (
+        cryptography_has_unexpected_eof_while_reading
+    ),
+    "Cryptography_HAS_SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF": (
+        cryptography_has_ssl_op_ignore_unexpected_eof
+    ),
+    "Cryptography_HAS_GET_EXTMS_SUPPORT": cryptography_has_get_extms_support,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4dfeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+import types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+import cryptography
+from cryptography.exceptions import InternalError
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import _openssl, openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl._conditional import CONDITIONAL_NAMES
+
+
+def _openssl_assert(ok: bool) -> None:
+    if not ok:
+        errors = openssl.capture_error_stack()
+
+        raise InternalError(
+            "Unknown OpenSSL error. This error is commonly encountered when "
+            "another library is not cleaning up the OpenSSL error stack. If "
+            "you are using cryptography with another library that uses "
+            "OpenSSL try disabling it before reporting a bug. Otherwise "
+            "please file an issue at https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/"
+            "issues with information on how to reproduce "
+            f"this. ({errors!r})",
+            errors,
+        )
+
+
+def build_conditional_library(
+    lib: typing.Any,
+    conditional_names: dict[str, typing.Callable[[], list[str]]],
+) -> typing.Any:
+    conditional_lib = types.ModuleType("lib")
+    conditional_lib._original_lib = lib  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    excluded_names = set()
+    for condition, names_cb in conditional_names.items():
+        if not getattr(lib, condition):
+            excluded_names.update(names_cb())
+
+    for attr in dir(lib):
+        if attr not in excluded_names:
+            setattr(conditional_lib, attr, getattr(lib, attr))
+
+    return conditional_lib
+
+
+class Binding:
+    """
+    OpenSSL API wrapper.
+    """
+
+    lib: typing.ClassVar = None
+    ffi = _openssl.ffi
+    _lib_loaded = False
+    _init_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._ensure_ffi_initialized()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _ensure_ffi_initialized(cls) -> None:
+        with cls._init_lock:
+            if not cls._lib_loaded:
+                cls.lib = build_conditional_library(
+                    _openssl.lib, CONDITIONAL_NAMES
+                )
+                cls._lib_loaded = True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def init_static_locks(cls) -> None:
+        cls._ensure_ffi_initialized()
+
+
+def _verify_package_version(version: str) -> None:
+    # Occasionally we run into situations where the version of the Python
+    # package does not match the version of the shared object that is loaded.
+    # This may occur in environments where multiple versions of cryptography
+    # are installed and available in the python path. To avoid errors cropping
+    # up later this code checks that the currently imported package and the
+    # shared object that were loaded have the same version and raise an
+    # ImportError if they do not
+    so_package_version = _openssl.ffi.string(
+        _openssl.lib.CRYPTOGRAPHY_PACKAGE_VERSION
+    )
+    if version.encode("ascii") != so_package_version:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "The version of cryptography does not match the loaded "
+            "shared object. This can happen if you have multiple copies of "
+            "cryptography installed in your Python path. Please try creating "
+            "a new virtual environment to resolve this issue. "
+            f"Loaded python version: {version}, "
+            f"shared object version: {so_package_version}"
+        )
+
+    _openssl_assert(
+        _openssl.lib.OpenSSL_version_num() == openssl.openssl_version(),
+    )
+
+
+_verify_package_version(cryptography.__version__)
+
+Binding.init_static_locks()
+
+if (
+    sys.platform == "win32"
+    and os.environ.get("PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432") is not None
+):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "You are using cryptography on a 32-bit Python on a 64-bit Windows "
+        "Operating System. Cryptography will be significantly faster if you "
+        "switch to using a 64-bit Python.",
+        UserWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41d7318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41d7318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/algorithms.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/algorithms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7d4aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/decrepit/ciphers/algorithms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm import (
+    BlockCipherAlgorithm,
+    CipherAlgorithm,
+    _verify_key_size,
+)
+
+
+class ARC4(CipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "RC4"
+    key_sizes = frozenset([40, 56, 64, 80, 128, 160, 192, 256])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class TripleDES(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "3DES"
+    block_size = 64
+    key_sizes = frozenset([64, 128, 192])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        if len(key) == 8:
+            key += key + key
+        elif len(key) == 16:
+            key += key[:8]
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class Blowfish(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "Blowfish"
+    block_size = 64
+    key_sizes = frozenset(range(32, 449, 8))
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class CAST5(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "CAST5"
+    block_size = 64
+    key_sizes = frozenset(range(40, 129, 8))
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class SEED(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "SEED"
+    block_size = 128
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class IDEA(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "IDEA"
+    block_size = 64
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+# This class only allows RC2 with a 128-bit key. No support for
+# effective key bits or other key sizes is provided.
+class RC2(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "RC2"
+    block_size = 64
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b509336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_asymmetric.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_asymmetric.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea55ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_asymmetric.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+# This exists to break an import cycle. It is normally accessible from the
+# asymmetric padding module.
+
+
+class AsymmetricPadding(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string naming this padding (e.g. "PSS", "PKCS1").
+        """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_cipheralgorithm.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_cipheralgorithm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..588a616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_cipheralgorithm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography import utils
+
+# This exists to break an import cycle. It is normally accessible from the
+# ciphers module.
+
+
+class CipherAlgorithm(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string naming this mode (e.g. "AES", "Camellia").
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_sizes(self) -> frozenset[int]:
+        """
+        Valid key sizes for this algorithm in bits
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The size of the key being used as an integer in bits (e.g. 128, 256).
+        """
+
+
+class BlockCipherAlgorithm(CipherAlgorithm):
+    key: bytes
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def block_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The size of a block as an integer in bits (e.g. 64, 128).
+        """
+
+
+def _verify_key_size(algorithm: CipherAlgorithm, key: bytes) -> bytes:
+    # Verify that the key is instance of bytes
+    utils._check_byteslike("key", key)
+
+    # Verify that the key size matches the expected key size
+    if len(key) * 8 not in algorithm.key_sizes:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid key size ({len(key) * 8}) for {algorithm.name}."
+        )
+    return key
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_serialization.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_serialization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4615772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_serialization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import HashAlgorithm
+
+# This exists to break an import cycle. These classes are normally accessible
+# from the serialization module.
+
+
+class PBES(utils.Enum):
+    PBESv1SHA1And3KeyTripleDESCBC = "PBESv1 using SHA1 and 3-Key TripleDES"
+    PBESv2SHA256AndAES256CBC = "PBESv2 using SHA256 PBKDF2 and AES256 CBC"
+
+
+class Encoding(utils.Enum):
+    PEM = "PEM"
+    DER = "DER"
+    OpenSSH = "OpenSSH"
+    Raw = "Raw"
+    X962 = "ANSI X9.62"
+    SMIME = "S/MIME"
+
+
+class PrivateFormat(utils.Enum):
+    PKCS8 = "PKCS8"
+    TraditionalOpenSSL = "TraditionalOpenSSL"
+    Raw = "Raw"
+    OpenSSH = "OpenSSH"
+    PKCS12 = "PKCS12"
+
+    def encryption_builder(self) -> KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder:
+        if self not in (PrivateFormat.OpenSSH, PrivateFormat.PKCS12):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "encryption_builder only supported with PrivateFormat.OpenSSH"
+                " and PrivateFormat.PKCS12"
+            )
+        return KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder(self)
+
+
+class PublicFormat(utils.Enum):
+    SubjectPublicKeyInfo = "X.509 subjectPublicKeyInfo with PKCS#1"
+    PKCS1 = "Raw PKCS#1"
+    OpenSSH = "OpenSSH"
+    Raw = "Raw"
+    CompressedPoint = "X9.62 Compressed Point"
+    UncompressedPoint = "X9.62 Uncompressed Point"
+
+
+class ParameterFormat(utils.Enum):
+    PKCS3 = "PKCS3"
+
+
+class KeySerializationEncryption(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    pass
+
+
+class BestAvailableEncryption(KeySerializationEncryption):
+    def __init__(self, password: bytes):
+        if not isinstance(password, bytes) or len(password) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("Password must be 1 or more bytes.")
+
+        self.password = password
+
+
+class NoEncryption(KeySerializationEncryption):
+    pass
+
+
+class KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        format: PrivateFormat,
+        *,
+        _kdf_rounds: int | None = None,
+        _hmac_hash: HashAlgorithm | None = None,
+        _key_cert_algorithm: PBES | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._format = format
+
+        self._kdf_rounds = _kdf_rounds
+        self._hmac_hash = _hmac_hash
+        self._key_cert_algorithm = _key_cert_algorithm
+
+    def kdf_rounds(self, rounds: int) -> KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder:
+        if self._kdf_rounds is not None:
+            raise ValueError("kdf_rounds already set")
+
+        if not isinstance(rounds, int):
+            raise TypeError("kdf_rounds must be an integer")
+
+        if rounds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("kdf_rounds must be a positive integer")
+
+        return KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder(
+            self._format,
+            _kdf_rounds=rounds,
+            _hmac_hash=self._hmac_hash,
+            _key_cert_algorithm=self._key_cert_algorithm,
+        )
+
+    def hmac_hash(
+        self, algorithm: HashAlgorithm
+    ) -> KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder:
+        if self._format is not PrivateFormat.PKCS12:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "hmac_hash only supported with PrivateFormat.PKCS12"
+            )
+
+        if self._hmac_hash is not None:
+            raise ValueError("hmac_hash already set")
+        return KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder(
+            self._format,
+            _kdf_rounds=self._kdf_rounds,
+            _hmac_hash=algorithm,
+            _key_cert_algorithm=self._key_cert_algorithm,
+        )
+
+    def key_cert_algorithm(
+        self, algorithm: PBES
+    ) -> KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder:
+        if self._format is not PrivateFormat.PKCS12:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "key_cert_algorithm only supported with "
+                "PrivateFormat.PKCS12"
+            )
+        if self._key_cert_algorithm is not None:
+            raise ValueError("key_cert_algorithm already set")
+        return KeySerializationEncryptionBuilder(
+            self._format,
+            _kdf_rounds=self._kdf_rounds,
+            _hmac_hash=self._hmac_hash,
+            _key_cert_algorithm=algorithm,
+        )
+
+    def build(self, password: bytes) -> KeySerializationEncryption:
+        if not isinstance(password, bytes) or len(password) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("Password must be 1 or more bytes.")
+
+        return _KeySerializationEncryption(
+            self._format,
+            password,
+            kdf_rounds=self._kdf_rounds,
+            hmac_hash=self._hmac_hash,
+            key_cert_algorithm=self._key_cert_algorithm,
+        )
+
+
+class _KeySerializationEncryption(KeySerializationEncryption):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        format: PrivateFormat,
+        password: bytes,
+        *,
+        kdf_rounds: int | None,
+        hmac_hash: HashAlgorithm | None,
+        key_cert_algorithm: PBES | None,
+    ):
+        self._format = format
+        self.password = password
+
+        self._kdf_rounds = kdf_rounds
+        self._hmac_hash = hmac_hash
+        self._key_cert_algorithm = key_cert_algorithm
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b509336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dh.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dh.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31c9748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dh.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization
+
+generate_parameters = rust_openssl.dh.generate_parameters
+
+
+DHPrivateNumbers = rust_openssl.dh.DHPrivateNumbers
+DHPublicNumbers = rust_openssl.dh.DHPublicNumbers
+DHParameterNumbers = rust_openssl.dh.DHParameterNumbers
+
+
+class DHParameters(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def generate_private_key(self) -> DHPrivateKey:
+        """
+        Generates and returns a DHPrivateKey.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameter_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.ParameterFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the parameters serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameter_numbers(self) -> DHParameterNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DHParameterNumbers.
+        """
+
+
+DHParametersWithSerialization = DHParameters
+DHParameters.register(rust_openssl.dh.DHParameters)
+
+
+class DHPublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the prime modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameters(self) -> DHParameters:
+        """
+        The DHParameters object associated with this public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_numbers(self) -> DHPublicNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DHPublicNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+DHPublicKeyWithSerialization = DHPublicKey
+DHPublicKey.register(rust_openssl.dh.DHPublicKey)
+
+
+class DHPrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the prime modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> DHPublicKey:
+        """
+        The DHPublicKey associated with this private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameters(self) -> DHParameters:
+        """
+        The DHParameters object associated with this private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def exchange(self, peer_public_key: DHPublicKey) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Given peer's DHPublicKey, carry out the key exchange and
+        return shared key as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_numbers(self) -> DHPrivateNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DHPrivateNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+DHPrivateKeyWithSerialization = DHPrivateKey
+DHPrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.dh.DHPrivateKey)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dsa.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dsa.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dd34c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dsa.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization, hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import utils as asym_utils
+
+
+class DSAParameters(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def generate_private_key(self) -> DSAPrivateKey:
+        """
+        Generates and returns a DSAPrivateKey.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameter_numbers(self) -> DSAParameterNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DSAParameterNumbers.
+        """
+
+
+DSAParametersWithNumbers = DSAParameters
+DSAParameters.register(rust_openssl.dsa.DSAParameters)
+
+
+class DSAPrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the prime modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> DSAPublicKey:
+        """
+        The DSAPublicKey associated with this private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameters(self) -> DSAParameters:
+        """
+        The DSAParameters object associated with this private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        algorithm: asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Signs the data
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_numbers(self) -> DSAPrivateNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DSAPrivateNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+DSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization = DSAPrivateKey
+DSAPrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.dsa.DSAPrivateKey)
+
+
+class DSAPublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the prime modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def parameters(self) -> DSAParameters:
+        """
+        The DSAParameters object associated with this public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_numbers(self) -> DSAPublicNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns a DSAPublicNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        signature: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        algorithm: asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Verifies the signature of the data.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+DSAPublicKeyWithSerialization = DSAPublicKey
+DSAPublicKey.register(rust_openssl.dsa.DSAPublicKey)
+
+DSAPrivateNumbers = rust_openssl.dsa.DSAPrivateNumbers
+DSAPublicNumbers = rust_openssl.dsa.DSAPublicNumbers
+DSAParameterNumbers = rust_openssl.dsa.DSAParameterNumbers
+
+
+def generate_parameters(
+    key_size: int, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> DSAParameters:
+    if key_size not in (1024, 2048, 3072, 4096):
+        raise ValueError("Key size must be 1024, 2048, 3072, or 4096 bits.")
+
+    return rust_openssl.dsa.generate_parameters(key_size)
+
+
+def generate_private_key(
+    key_size: int, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> DSAPrivateKey:
+    parameters = generate_parameters(key_size)
+    return parameters.generate_private_key()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ec.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da1fbea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat._oid import ObjectIdentifier
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization, hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import utils as asym_utils
+
+
+class EllipticCurveOID:
+    SECP192R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.3.1.1")
+    SECP224R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.33")
+    SECP256K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.10")
+    SECP256R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.10045.3.1.7")
+    SECP384R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.34")
+    SECP521R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.35")
+    BRAINPOOLP256R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.7")
+    BRAINPOOLP384R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.11")
+    BRAINPOOLP512R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.13")
+    SECT163K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.1")
+    SECT163R2 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.15")
+    SECT233K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.26")
+    SECT233R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.27")
+    SECT283K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.16")
+    SECT283R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.17")
+    SECT409K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.36")
+    SECT409R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.37")
+    SECT571K1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.38")
+    SECT571R1 = ObjectIdentifier("1.3.132.0.39")
+
+
+class EllipticCurve(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The name of the curve. e.g. secp256r1.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Bit size of a secret scalar for the curve.
+        """
+
+
+class EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm:
+        """
+        The digest algorithm used with this signature.
+        """
+
+
+class EllipticCurvePrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def exchange(
+        self, algorithm: ECDH, peer_public_key: EllipticCurvePublicKey
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Performs a key exchange operation using the provided algorithm with the
+        provided peer's public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> EllipticCurvePublicKey:
+        """
+        The EllipticCurvePublicKey for this private key.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def curve(self) -> EllipticCurve:
+        """
+        The EllipticCurve that this key is on.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Bit size of a secret scalar for the curve.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        signature_algorithm: EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Signs the data
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_numbers(self) -> EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns an EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+EllipticCurvePrivateKeyWithSerialization = EllipticCurvePrivateKey
+EllipticCurvePrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.ec.ECPrivateKey)
+
+
+class EllipticCurvePublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def curve(self) -> EllipticCurve:
+        """
+        The EllipticCurve that this key is on.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Bit size of a secret scalar for the curve.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_numbers(self) -> EllipticCurvePublicNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns an EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        signature: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        signature_algorithm: EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Verifies the signature of the data.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_encoded_point(
+        cls, curve: EllipticCurve, data: bytes
+    ) -> EllipticCurvePublicKey:
+        utils._check_bytes("data", data)
+
+        if len(data) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("data must not be an empty byte string")
+
+        if data[0] not in [0x02, 0x03, 0x04]:
+            raise ValueError("Unsupported elliptic curve point type")
+
+        return rust_openssl.ec.from_public_bytes(curve, data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+EllipticCurvePublicKeyWithSerialization = EllipticCurvePublicKey
+EllipticCurvePublicKey.register(rust_openssl.ec.ECPublicKey)
+
+EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers = rust_openssl.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers
+EllipticCurvePublicNumbers = rust_openssl.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers
+
+
+class SECT571R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect571r1"
+    key_size = 570
+
+
+class SECT409R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect409r1"
+    key_size = 409
+
+
+class SECT283R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect283r1"
+    key_size = 283
+
+
+class SECT233R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect233r1"
+    key_size = 233
+
+
+class SECT163R2(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect163r2"
+    key_size = 163
+
+
+class SECT571K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect571k1"
+    key_size = 571
+
+
+class SECT409K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect409k1"
+    key_size = 409
+
+
+class SECT283K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect283k1"
+    key_size = 283
+
+
+class SECT233K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect233k1"
+    key_size = 233
+
+
+class SECT163K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "sect163k1"
+    key_size = 163
+
+
+class SECP521R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp521r1"
+    key_size = 521
+
+
+class SECP384R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp384r1"
+    key_size = 384
+
+
+class SECP256R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp256r1"
+    key_size = 256
+
+
+class SECP256K1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp256k1"
+    key_size = 256
+
+
+class SECP224R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp224r1"
+    key_size = 224
+
+
+class SECP192R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "secp192r1"
+    key_size = 192
+
+
+class BrainpoolP256R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "brainpoolP256r1"
+    key_size = 256
+
+
+class BrainpoolP384R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "brainpoolP384r1"
+    key_size = 384
+
+
+class BrainpoolP512R1(EllipticCurve):
+    name = "brainpoolP512r1"
+    key_size = 512
+
+
+_CURVE_TYPES: dict[str, EllipticCurve] = {
+    "prime192v1": SECP192R1(),
+    "prime256v1": SECP256R1(),
+    "secp192r1": SECP192R1(),
+    "secp224r1": SECP224R1(),
+    "secp256r1": SECP256R1(),
+    "secp384r1": SECP384R1(),
+    "secp521r1": SECP521R1(),
+    "secp256k1": SECP256K1(),
+    "sect163k1": SECT163K1(),
+    "sect233k1": SECT233K1(),
+    "sect283k1": SECT283K1(),
+    "sect409k1": SECT409K1(),
+    "sect571k1": SECT571K1(),
+    "sect163r2": SECT163R2(),
+    "sect233r1": SECT233R1(),
+    "sect283r1": SECT283R1(),
+    "sect409r1": SECT409R1(),
+    "sect571r1": SECT571R1(),
+    "brainpoolP256r1": BrainpoolP256R1(),
+    "brainpoolP384r1": BrainpoolP384R1(),
+    "brainpoolP512r1": BrainpoolP512R1(),
+}
+
+
+class ECDSA(EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        deterministic_signing: bool = False,
+    ):
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if (
+            deterministic_signing
+            and not backend.ecdsa_deterministic_supported()
+        ):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ECDSA with deterministic signature (RFC 6979) is not "
+                "supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._deterministic_signing = deterministic_signing
+
+    @property
+    def algorithm(
+        self,
+    ) -> asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm:
+        return self._algorithm
+
+    @property
+    def deterministic_signing(
+        self,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self._deterministic_signing
+
+
+generate_private_key = rust_openssl.ec.generate_private_key
+
+
+def derive_private_key(
+    private_value: int,
+    curve: EllipticCurve,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> EllipticCurvePrivateKey:
+    if not isinstance(private_value, int):
+        raise TypeError("private_value must be an integer type.")
+
+    if private_value <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("private_value must be a positive integer.")
+
+    return rust_openssl.ec.derive_private_key(private_value, curve)
+
+
+class ECDH:
+    pass
+
+
+_OID_TO_CURVE = {
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP192R1: SECP192R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP224R1: SECP224R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP256K1: SECP256K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP256R1: SECP256R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP384R1: SECP384R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECP521R1: SECP521R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.BRAINPOOLP256R1: BrainpoolP256R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.BRAINPOOLP384R1: BrainpoolP384R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.BRAINPOOLP512R1: BrainpoolP512R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT163K1: SECT163K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT163R2: SECT163R2,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT233K1: SECT233K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT233R1: SECT233R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT283K1: SECT283K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT283R1: SECT283R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT409K1: SECT409K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT409R1: SECT409R1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT571K1: SECT571K1,
+    EllipticCurveOID.SECT571R1: SECT571R1,
+}
+
+
+def get_curve_for_oid(oid: ObjectIdentifier) -> type[EllipticCurve]:
+    try:
+        return _OID_TO_CURVE[oid]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise LookupError(
+            "The provided object identifier has no matching elliptic "
+            "curve class"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a26185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization
+
+
+class Ed25519PublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_public_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Ed25519PublicKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed25519.from_public_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the public key.
+        Equivalent to public_bytes(Raw, Raw).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(self, signature: bytes, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Verify the signature.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+Ed25519PublicKey.register(rust_openssl.ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey)
+
+
+class Ed25519PrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> Ed25519PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed25519.generate_key()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Ed25519PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed25519.from_private_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> Ed25519PublicKey:
+        """
+        The Ed25519PublicKey derived from the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the private key.
+        Equivalent to private_bytes(Raw, Raw, NoEncryption()).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def sign(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Signs the data.
+        """
+
+
+Ed25519PrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78c82c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization
+
+
+class Ed448PublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_public_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Ed448PublicKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed448.from_public_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the public key.
+        Equivalent to public_bytes(Raw, Raw).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(self, signature: bytes, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Verify the signature.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+if hasattr(rust_openssl, "ed448"):
+    Ed448PublicKey.register(rust_openssl.ed448.Ed448PublicKey)
+
+
+class Ed448PrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> Ed448PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed448.generate_key()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Ed448PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.ed448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "ed448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ed448.from_private_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> Ed448PublicKey:
+        """
+        The Ed448PublicKey derived from the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def sign(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Signs the data.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the private key.
+        Equivalent to private_bytes(Raw, Raw, NoEncryption()).
+        """
+
+
+if hasattr(rust_openssl, "x448"):
+    Ed448PrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.ed448.Ed448PrivateKey)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/padding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/padding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4babf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/padding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._asymmetric import (
+    AsymmetricPadding as AsymmetricPadding,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
+
+
+class PKCS1v15(AsymmetricPadding):
+    name = "EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5"
+
+
+class _MaxLength:
+    "Sentinel value for `MAX_LENGTH`."
+
+
+class _Auto:
+    "Sentinel value for `AUTO`."
+
+
+class _DigestLength:
+    "Sentinel value for `DIGEST_LENGTH`."
+
+
+class PSS(AsymmetricPadding):
+    MAX_LENGTH = _MaxLength()
+    AUTO = _Auto()
+    DIGEST_LENGTH = _DigestLength()
+    name = "EMSA-PSS"
+    _salt_length: int | _MaxLength | _Auto | _DigestLength
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mgf: MGF,
+        salt_length: int | _MaxLength | _Auto | _DigestLength,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._mgf = mgf
+
+        if not isinstance(
+            salt_length, (int, _MaxLength, _Auto, _DigestLength)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "salt_length must be an integer, MAX_LENGTH, "
+                "DIGEST_LENGTH, or AUTO"
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(salt_length, int) and salt_length < 0:
+            raise ValueError("salt_length must be zero or greater.")
+
+        self._salt_length = salt_length
+
+    @property
+    def mgf(self) -> MGF:
+        return self._mgf
+
+
+class OAEP(AsymmetricPadding):
+    name = "EME-OAEP"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mgf: MGF,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        label: bytes | None,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+            raise TypeError("Expected instance of hashes.HashAlgorithm.")
+
+        self._mgf = mgf
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._label = label
+
+    @property
+    def algorithm(self) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm:
+        return self._algorithm
+
+    @property
+    def mgf(self) -> MGF:
+        return self._mgf
+
+
+class MGF(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    _algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm
+
+
+class MGF1(MGF):
+    MAX_LENGTH = _MaxLength()
+
+    def __init__(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+            raise TypeError("Expected instance of hashes.HashAlgorithm.")
+
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+
+def calculate_max_pss_salt_length(
+    key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey | rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    hash_algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+) -> int:
+    if not isinstance(key, (rsa.RSAPrivateKey, rsa.RSAPublicKey)):
+        raise TypeError("key must be an RSA public or private key")
+    # bit length - 1 per RFC 3447
+    emlen = (key.key_size + 6) // 8
+    salt_length = emlen - hash_algorithm.digest_size - 2
+    assert salt_length >= 0
+    return salt_length
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/rsa.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/rsa.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..905068e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/rsa.py
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import random
+import typing
+from math import gcd
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization, hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._asymmetric import AsymmetricPadding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import utils as asym_utils
+
+
+class RSAPrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def decrypt(self, ciphertext: bytes, padding: AsymmetricPadding) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Decrypts the provided ciphertext.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the public modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> RSAPublicKey:
+        """
+        The RSAPublicKey associated with this private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        padding: AsymmetricPadding,
+        algorithm: asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Signs the data.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_numbers(self) -> RSAPrivateNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns an RSAPrivateNumbers.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization = RSAPrivateKey
+RSAPrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.rsa.RSAPrivateKey)
+
+
+class RSAPublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def encrypt(self, plaintext: bytes, padding: AsymmetricPadding) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Encrypts the given plaintext.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The bit length of the public modulus.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_numbers(self) -> RSAPublicNumbers:
+        """
+        Returns an RSAPublicNumbers
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the key serialized as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        signature: bytes,
+        data: bytes,
+        padding: AsymmetricPadding,
+        algorithm: asym_utils.Prehashed | hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Verifies the signature of the data.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def recover_data_from_signature(
+        self,
+        signature: bytes,
+        padding: AsymmetricPadding,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Recovers the original data from the signature.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+RSAPublicKeyWithSerialization = RSAPublicKey
+RSAPublicKey.register(rust_openssl.rsa.RSAPublicKey)
+
+RSAPrivateNumbers = rust_openssl.rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers
+RSAPublicNumbers = rust_openssl.rsa.RSAPublicNumbers
+
+
+def generate_private_key(
+    public_exponent: int,
+    key_size: int,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> RSAPrivateKey:
+    _verify_rsa_parameters(public_exponent, key_size)
+    return rust_openssl.rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent, key_size)
+
+
+def _verify_rsa_parameters(public_exponent: int, key_size: int) -> None:
+    if public_exponent not in (3, 65537):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "public_exponent must be either 3 (for legacy compatibility) or "
+            "65537. Almost everyone should choose 65537 here!"
+        )
+
+    if key_size < 1024:
+        raise ValueError("key_size must be at least 1024-bits.")
+
+
+def _modinv(e: int, m: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Modular Multiplicative Inverse. Returns x such that: (x*e) mod m == 1
+    """
+    x1, x2 = 1, 0
+    a, b = e, m
+    while b > 0:
+        q, r = divmod(a, b)
+        xn = x1 - q * x2
+        a, b, x1, x2 = b, r, x2, xn
+    return x1 % m
+
+
+def rsa_crt_iqmp(p: int, q: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Compute the CRT (q ** -1) % p value from RSA primes p and q.
+    """
+    return _modinv(q, p)
+
+
+def rsa_crt_dmp1(private_exponent: int, p: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Compute the CRT private_exponent % (p - 1) value from the RSA
+    private_exponent (d) and p.
+    """
+    return private_exponent % (p - 1)
+
+
+def rsa_crt_dmq1(private_exponent: int, q: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Compute the CRT private_exponent % (q - 1) value from the RSA
+    private_exponent (d) and q.
+    """
+    return private_exponent % (q - 1)
+
+
+def rsa_recover_private_exponent(e: int, p: int, q: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Compute the RSA private_exponent (d) given the public exponent (e)
+    and the RSA primes p and q.
+
+    This uses the Carmichael totient function to generate the
+    smallest possible working value of the private exponent.
+    """
+    # This lambda_n is the Carmichael totient function.
+    # The original RSA paper uses the Euler totient function
+    # here: phi_n = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
+    # Either version of the private exponent will work, but the
+    # one generated by the older formulation may be larger
+    # than necessary. (lambda_n always divides phi_n)
+    #
+    # TODO: Replace with lcm(p - 1, q - 1) once the minimum
+    # supported Python version is >= 3.9.
+    lambda_n = (p - 1) * (q - 1) // gcd(p - 1, q - 1)
+    return _modinv(e, lambda_n)
+
+
+# Controls the number of iterations rsa_recover_prime_factors will perform
+# to obtain the prime factors.
+_MAX_RECOVERY_ATTEMPTS = 500
+
+
+def rsa_recover_prime_factors(n: int, e: int, d: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """
+    Compute factors p and q from the private exponent d. We assume that n has
+    no more than two factors. This function is adapted from code in PyCrypto.
+    """
+    # reject invalid values early
+    if 17 != pow(17, e * d, n):
+        raise ValueError("n, d, e don't match")
+    # See 8.2.2(i) in Handbook of Applied Cryptography.
+    ktot = d * e - 1
+    # The quantity d*e-1 is a multiple of phi(n), even,
+    # and can be represented as t*2^s.
+    t = ktot
+    while t % 2 == 0:
+        t = t // 2
+    # Cycle through all multiplicative inverses in Zn.
+    # The algorithm is non-deterministic, but there is a 50% chance
+    # any candidate a leads to successful factoring.
+    # See "Digitalized Signatures and Public Key Functions as Intractable
+    # as Factorization", M. Rabin, 1979
+    spotted = False
+    tries = 0
+    while not spotted and tries < _MAX_RECOVERY_ATTEMPTS:
+        a = random.randint(2, n - 1)
+        tries += 1
+        k = t
+        # Cycle through all values a^{t*2^i}=a^k
+        while k < ktot:
+            cand = pow(a, k, n)
+            # Check if a^k is a non-trivial root of unity (mod n)
+            if cand != 1 and cand != (n - 1) and pow(cand, 2, n) == 1:
+                # We have found a number such that (cand-1)(cand+1)=0 (mod n).
+                # Either of the terms divides n.
+                p = gcd(cand + 1, n)
+                spotted = True
+                break
+            k *= 2
+    if not spotted:
+        raise ValueError("Unable to compute factors p and q from exponent d.")
+    # Found !
+    q, r = divmod(n, p)
+    assert r == 0
+    p, q = sorted((p, q), reverse=True)
+    return (p, q)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe4eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import (
+    dh,
+    dsa,
+    ec,
+    ed448,
+    ed25519,
+    rsa,
+    x448,
+    x25519,
+)
+
+# Every asymmetric key type
+PublicKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    dh.DHPublicKey,
+    dsa.DSAPublicKey,
+    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PublicKey,
+    x25519.X25519PublicKey,
+    x448.X448PublicKey,
+]
+PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES = PublicKeyTypes
+utils.deprecated(
+    PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES,
+    __name__,
+    "Use PublicKeyTypes instead",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+    name="PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES",
+)
+# Every asymmetric key type
+PrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    dh.DHPrivateKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PrivateKey,
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+    x25519.X25519PrivateKey,
+    x448.X448PrivateKey,
+]
+PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES = PrivateKeyTypes
+utils.deprecated(
+    PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES,
+    __name__,
+    "Use PrivateKeyTypes instead",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+    name="PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES",
+)
+# Just the key types we allow to be used for x509 signing. This mirrors
+# the certificate public key types
+CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PrivateKey,
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+]
+CERTIFICATE_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES = CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes
+utils.deprecated(
+    CERTIFICATE_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES,
+    __name__,
+    "Use CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes instead",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+    name="CERTIFICATE_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES",
+)
+# Just the key types we allow to be used for x509 signing. This mirrors
+# the certificate private key types
+CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    dsa.DSAPublicKey,
+    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PublicKey,
+]
+CERTIFICATE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES = CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes
+utils.deprecated(
+    CERTIFICATE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES,
+    __name__,
+    "Use CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes instead",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+    name="CERTIFICATE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES",
+)
+# This type removes DHPublicKey. x448/x25519 can be a public key
+# but cannot be used in signing so they are allowed here.
+CertificatePublicKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    dsa.DSAPublicKey,
+    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PublicKey,
+    x25519.X25519PublicKey,
+    x448.X448PublicKey,
+]
+CERTIFICATE_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES = CertificatePublicKeyTypes
+utils.deprecated(
+    CERTIFICATE_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES,
+    __name__,
+    "Use CertificatePublicKeyTypes instead",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+    name="CERTIFICATE_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..826b956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import asn1
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+decode_dss_signature = asn1.decode_dss_signature
+encode_dss_signature = asn1.encode_dss_signature
+
+
+class Prehashed:
+    def __init__(self, algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+            raise TypeError("Expected instance of HashAlgorithm.")
+
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._digest_size = algorithm.digest_size
+
+    @property
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._digest_size
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cfa36e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization
+
+
+class X25519PublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_public_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> X25519PublicKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.x25519.from_public_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the public key.
+        Equivalent to public_bytes(Raw, Raw).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+X25519PublicKey.register(rust_openssl.x25519.X25519PublicKey)
+
+
+class X25519PrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> X25519PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+        return rust_openssl.x25519.generate_key()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> X25519PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x25519_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X25519 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.x25519.from_private_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> X25519PublicKey:
+        """
+        Returns the public key associated with this private key
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the private key.
+        Equivalent to private_bytes(Raw, Raw, NoEncryption()).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def exchange(self, peer_public_key: X25519PublicKey) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Performs a key exchange operation using the provided peer's public key.
+        """
+
+
+X25519PrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.x25519.X25519PrivateKey)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86086ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import _serialization
+
+
+class X448PublicKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_public_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> X448PublicKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.x448.from_public_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PublicFormat,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the public key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the public key.
+        Equivalent to public_bytes(Raw, Raw).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks equality.
+        """
+
+
+if hasattr(rust_openssl, "x448"):
+    X448PublicKey.register(rust_openssl.x448.X448PublicKey)
+
+
+class X448PrivateKey(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> X448PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.x448.generate_key()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> X448PrivateKey:
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
+
+        if not backend.x448_supported():
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "X448 is not supported by this version of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_ALGORITHM,
+            )
+
+        return rust_openssl.x448.from_private_bytes(data)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def public_key(self) -> X448PublicKey:
+        """
+        Returns the public key associated with this private key
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes(
+        self,
+        encoding: _serialization.Encoding,
+        format: _serialization.PrivateFormat,
+        encryption_algorithm: _serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The serialized bytes of the private key.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def private_bytes_raw(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes of the private key.
+        Equivalent to private_bytes(Raw, Raw, NoEncryption()).
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def exchange(self, peer_public_key: X448PublicKey) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Performs a key exchange operation using the provided peer's public key.
+        """
+
+
+if hasattr(rust_openssl, "x448"):
+    X448PrivateKey.register(rust_openssl.x448.X448PrivateKey)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10c15d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm import (
+    BlockCipherAlgorithm,
+    CipherAlgorithm,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.base import (
+    AEADCipherContext,
+    AEADDecryptionContext,
+    AEADEncryptionContext,
+    Cipher,
+    CipherContext,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AEADCipherContext",
+    "AEADDecryptionContext",
+    "AEADEncryptionContext",
+    "BlockCipherAlgorithm",
+    "Cipher",
+    "CipherAlgorithm",
+    "CipherContext",
+]
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Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/__pycache__/modes.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/aead.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/aead.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8a582d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/aead.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AESCCM",
+    "AESGCM",
+    "AESGCMSIV",
+    "AESOCB3",
+    "AESSIV",
+    "ChaCha20Poly1305",
+]
+
+AESGCM = rust_openssl.aead.AESGCM
+ChaCha20Poly1305 = rust_openssl.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305
+AESCCM = rust_openssl.aead.AESCCM
+AESSIV = rust_openssl.aead.AESSIV
+AESOCB3 = rust_openssl.aead.AESOCB3
+AESGCMSIV = rust_openssl.aead.AESGCMSIV
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/algorithms.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/algorithms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9fa8a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/algorithms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    ARC4 as ARC4,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    CAST5 as CAST5,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    IDEA as IDEA,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    SEED as SEED,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    Blowfish as Blowfish,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms import (
+    TripleDES as TripleDES,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm import _verify_key_size
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import (
+    BlockCipherAlgorithm,
+    CipherAlgorithm,
+)
+
+
+class AES(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "AES"
+    block_size = 128
+    # 512 added to support AES-256-XTS, which uses 512-bit keys
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128, 192, 256, 512])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class AES128(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "AES"
+    block_size = 128
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128])
+    key_size = 128
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+
+class AES256(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "AES"
+    block_size = 128
+    key_sizes = frozenset([256])
+    key_size = 256
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+
+class Camellia(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "camellia"
+    block_size = 128
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128, 192, 256])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    ARC4,
+    __name__,
+    "ARC4 has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.ARC4 and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 48.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn43,
+    name="ARC4",
+)
+
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    TripleDES,
+    __name__,
+    "TripleDES has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.TripleDES and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 48.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn43,
+    name="TripleDES",
+)
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    Blowfish,
+    __name__,
+    "Blowfish has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.Blowfish and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 45.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn37,
+    name="Blowfish",
+)
+
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    CAST5,
+    __name__,
+    "CAST5 has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.CAST5 and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 45.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn37,
+    name="CAST5",
+)
+
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    IDEA,
+    __name__,
+    "IDEA has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.IDEA and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 45.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn37,
+    name="IDEA",
+)
+
+
+utils.deprecated(
+    SEED,
+    __name__,
+    "SEED has been moved to "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.decrepit.ciphers.algorithms.SEED and "
+    "will be removed from "
+    "cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms in 45.0.0.",
+    utils.DeprecatedIn37,
+    name="SEED",
+)
+
+
+class ChaCha20(CipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "ChaCha20"
+    key_sizes = frozenset([256])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes, nonce: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+        utils._check_byteslike("nonce", nonce)
+
+        if len(nonce) != 16:
+            raise ValueError("nonce must be 128-bits (16 bytes)")
+
+        self._nonce = nonce
+
+    @property
+    def nonce(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._nonce
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
+
+
+class SM4(BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+    name = "SM4"
+    block_size = 128
+    key_sizes = frozenset([128])
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self.key = _verify_key_size(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def key_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.key) * 8
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebfa805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm import CipherAlgorithm
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import modes
+
+
+class CipherContext(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Processes the provided bytes through the cipher and returns the results
+        as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def update_into(self, data: bytes, buf: bytes) -> int:
+        """
+        Processes the provided bytes and writes the resulting data into the
+        provided buffer. Returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the results of processing the final block as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def reset_nonce(self, nonce: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Resets the nonce for the cipher context to the provided value.
+        Raises an exception if it does not support reset or if the
+        provided nonce does not have a valid length.
+        """
+
+
+class AEADCipherContext(CipherContext, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def authenticate_additional_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Authenticates the provided bytes.
+        """
+
+
+class AEADDecryptionContext(AEADCipherContext, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def finalize_with_tag(self, tag: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns the results of processing the final block as bytes and allows
+        delayed passing of the authentication tag.
+        """
+
+
+class AEADEncryptionContext(AEADCipherContext, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def tag(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns tag bytes. This is only available after encryption is
+        finalized.
+        """
+
+
+Mode = typing.TypeVar(
+    "Mode", bound=typing.Optional[modes.Mode], covariant=True
+)
+
+
+class Cipher(typing.Generic[Mode]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: CipherAlgorithm,
+        mode: Mode,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, CipherAlgorithm):
+            raise TypeError("Expected interface of CipherAlgorithm.")
+
+        if mode is not None:
+            # mypy needs this assert to narrow the type from our generic
+            # type. Maybe it won't some time in the future.
+            assert isinstance(mode, modes.Mode)
+            mode.validate_for_algorithm(algorithm)
+
+        self.algorithm = algorithm
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def encryptor(
+        self: Cipher[modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag],
+    ) -> AEADEncryptionContext: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def encryptor(
+        self: _CIPHER_TYPE,
+    ) -> CipherContext: ...
+
+    def encryptor(self):
+        if isinstance(self.mode, modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag):
+            if self.mode.tag is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Authentication tag must be None when encrypting."
+                )
+
+        return rust_openssl.ciphers.create_encryption_ctx(
+            self.algorithm, self.mode
+        )
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def decryptor(
+        self: Cipher[modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag],
+    ) -> AEADDecryptionContext: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def decryptor(
+        self: _CIPHER_TYPE,
+    ) -> CipherContext: ...
+
+    def decryptor(self):
+        return rust_openssl.ciphers.create_decryption_ctx(
+            self.algorithm, self.mode
+        )
+
+
+_CIPHER_TYPE = Cipher[
+    typing.Union[
+        modes.ModeWithNonce,
+        modes.ModeWithTweak,
+        None,
+        modes.ECB,
+        modes.ModeWithInitializationVector,
+    ]
+]
+
+CipherContext.register(rust_openssl.ciphers.CipherContext)
+AEADEncryptionContext.register(rust_openssl.ciphers.AEADEncryptionContext)
+AEADDecryptionContext.register(rust_openssl.ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/modes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/modes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd2cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/modes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._cipheralgorithm import (
+    BlockCipherAlgorithm,
+    CipherAlgorithm,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import algorithms
+
+
+class Mode(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string naming this mode (e.g. "ECB", "CBC").
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def validate_for_algorithm(self, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm) -> None:
+        """
+        Checks that all the necessary invariants of this (mode, algorithm)
+        combination are met.
+        """
+
+
+class ModeWithInitializationVector(Mode, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The value of the initialization vector for this mode as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+class ModeWithTweak(Mode, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def tweak(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The value of the tweak for this mode as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+class ModeWithNonce(Mode, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def nonce(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The value of the nonce for this mode as bytes.
+        """
+
+
+class ModeWithAuthenticationTag(Mode, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def tag(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """
+        The value of the tag supplied to the constructor of this mode.
+        """
+
+
+def _check_aes_key_length(self: Mode, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm) -> None:
+    if algorithm.key_size > 256 and algorithm.name == "AES":
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Only 128, 192, and 256 bit keys are allowed for this AES mode"
+        )
+
+
+def _check_iv_length(
+    self: ModeWithInitializationVector, algorithm: BlockCipherAlgorithm
+) -> None:
+    iv_len = len(self.initialization_vector)
+    if iv_len * 8 != algorithm.block_size:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IV size ({iv_len}) for {self.name}.")
+
+
+def _check_nonce_length(
+    nonce: bytes, name: str, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm
+) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(algorithm, BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+            f"{name} requires a block cipher algorithm",
+            _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER,
+        )
+    if len(nonce) * 8 != algorithm.block_size:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid nonce size ({len(nonce)}) for {name}.")
+
+
+def _check_iv_and_key_length(
+    self: ModeWithInitializationVector, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm
+) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(algorithm, BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+            f"{self} requires a block cipher algorithm",
+            _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER,
+        )
+    _check_aes_key_length(self, algorithm)
+    _check_iv_length(self, algorithm)
+
+
+class CBC(ModeWithInitializationVector):
+    name = "CBC"
+
+    def __init__(self, initialization_vector: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("initialization_vector", initialization_vector)
+        self._initialization_vector = initialization_vector
+
+    @property
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._initialization_vector
+
+    validate_for_algorithm = _check_iv_and_key_length
+
+
+class XTS(ModeWithTweak):
+    name = "XTS"
+
+    def __init__(self, tweak: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("tweak", tweak)
+
+        if len(tweak) != 16:
+            raise ValueError("tweak must be 128-bits (16 bytes)")
+
+        self._tweak = tweak
+
+    @property
+    def tweak(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._tweak
+
+    def validate_for_algorithm(self, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm) -> None:
+        if isinstance(algorithm, (algorithms.AES128, algorithms.AES256)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "The AES128 and AES256 classes do not support XTS, please use "
+                "the standard AES class instead."
+            )
+
+        if algorithm.key_size not in (256, 512):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The XTS specification requires a 256-bit key for AES-128-XTS"
+                " and 512-bit key for AES-256-XTS"
+            )
+
+
+class ECB(Mode):
+    name = "ECB"
+
+    validate_for_algorithm = _check_aes_key_length
+
+
+class OFB(ModeWithInitializationVector):
+    name = "OFB"
+
+    def __init__(self, initialization_vector: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("initialization_vector", initialization_vector)
+        self._initialization_vector = initialization_vector
+
+    @property
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._initialization_vector
+
+    validate_for_algorithm = _check_iv_and_key_length
+
+
+class CFB(ModeWithInitializationVector):
+    name = "CFB"
+
+    def __init__(self, initialization_vector: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("initialization_vector", initialization_vector)
+        self._initialization_vector = initialization_vector
+
+    @property
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._initialization_vector
+
+    validate_for_algorithm = _check_iv_and_key_length
+
+
+class CFB8(ModeWithInitializationVector):
+    name = "CFB8"
+
+    def __init__(self, initialization_vector: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("initialization_vector", initialization_vector)
+        self._initialization_vector = initialization_vector
+
+    @property
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._initialization_vector
+
+    validate_for_algorithm = _check_iv_and_key_length
+
+
+class CTR(ModeWithNonce):
+    name = "CTR"
+
+    def __init__(self, nonce: bytes):
+        utils._check_byteslike("nonce", nonce)
+        self._nonce = nonce
+
+    @property
+    def nonce(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._nonce
+
+    def validate_for_algorithm(self, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm) -> None:
+        _check_aes_key_length(self, algorithm)
+        _check_nonce_length(self.nonce, self.name, algorithm)
+
+
+class GCM(ModeWithInitializationVector, ModeWithAuthenticationTag):
+    name = "GCM"
+    _MAX_ENCRYPTED_BYTES = (2**39 - 256) // 8
+    _MAX_AAD_BYTES = (2**64) // 8
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initialization_vector: bytes,
+        tag: bytes | None = None,
+        min_tag_length: int = 16,
+    ):
+        # OpenSSL 3.0.0 constrains GCM IVs to [64, 1024] bits inclusive
+        # This is a sane limit anyway so we'll enforce it here.
+        utils._check_byteslike("initialization_vector", initialization_vector)
+        if len(initialization_vector) < 8 or len(initialization_vector) > 128:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "initialization_vector must be between 8 and 128 bytes (64 "
+                "and 1024 bits)."
+            )
+        self._initialization_vector = initialization_vector
+        if tag is not None:
+            utils._check_bytes("tag", tag)
+            if min_tag_length < 4:
+                raise ValueError("min_tag_length must be >= 4")
+            if len(tag) < min_tag_length:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Authentication tag must be {min_tag_length} bytes or "
+                    "longer."
+                )
+        self._tag = tag
+        self._min_tag_length = min_tag_length
+
+    @property
+    def tag(self) -> bytes | None:
+        return self._tag
+
+    @property
+    def initialization_vector(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._initialization_vector
+
+    def validate_for_algorithm(self, algorithm: CipherAlgorithm) -> None:
+        _check_aes_key_length(self, algorithm)
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, BlockCipherAlgorithm):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "GCM requires a block cipher algorithm",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER,
+            )
+        block_size_bytes = algorithm.block_size // 8
+        if self._tag is not None and len(self._tag) > block_size_bytes:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Authentication tag cannot be more than {block_size_bytes} "
+                "bytes."
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/cmac.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/cmac.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c67ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/cmac.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+__all__ = ["CMAC"]
+CMAC = rust_openssl.cmac.CMAC
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3975c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hmac
+
+
+def bytes_eq(a: bytes, b: bytes) -> bool:
+    if not isinstance(a, bytes) or not isinstance(b, bytes):
+        raise TypeError("a and b must be bytes.")
+
+    return hmac.compare_digest(a, b)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hashes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hashes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b819e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hashes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MD5",
+    "SHA1",
+    "SHA3_224",
+    "SHA3_256",
+    "SHA3_384",
+    "SHA3_512",
+    "SHA224",
+    "SHA256",
+    "SHA384",
+    "SHA512",
+    "SHA512_224",
+    "SHA512_256",
+    "SHAKE128",
+    "SHAKE256",
+    "SM3",
+    "BLAKE2b",
+    "BLAKE2s",
+    "ExtendableOutputFunction",
+    "Hash",
+    "HashAlgorithm",
+    "HashContext",
+]
+
+
+class HashAlgorithm(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string naming this algorithm (e.g. "sha256", "md5").
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The size of the resulting digest in bytes.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def block_size(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The internal block size of the hash function, or None if the hash
+        function does not use blocks internally (e.g. SHA3).
+        """
+
+
+class HashContext(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def algorithm(self) -> HashAlgorithm:
+        """
+        A HashAlgorithm that will be used by this context.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Processes the provided bytes through the hash.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Finalizes the hash context and returns the hash digest as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def copy(self) -> HashContext:
+        """
+        Return a HashContext that is a copy of the current context.
+        """
+
+
+Hash = rust_openssl.hashes.Hash
+HashContext.register(Hash)
+
+
+class ExtendableOutputFunction(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """
+    An interface for extendable output functions.
+    """
+
+
+class SHA1(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sha1"
+    digest_size = 20
+    block_size = 64
+
+
+class SHA512_224(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha512-224"
+    digest_size = 28
+    block_size = 128
+
+
+class SHA512_256(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha512-256"
+    digest_size = 32
+    block_size = 128
+
+
+class SHA224(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sha224"
+    digest_size = 28
+    block_size = 64
+
+
+class SHA256(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sha256"
+    digest_size = 32
+    block_size = 64
+
+
+class SHA384(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sha384"
+    digest_size = 48
+    block_size = 128
+
+
+class SHA512(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sha512"
+    digest_size = 64
+    block_size = 128
+
+
+class SHA3_224(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha3-224"
+    digest_size = 28
+    block_size = None
+
+
+class SHA3_256(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha3-256"
+    digest_size = 32
+    block_size = None
+
+
+class SHA3_384(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha3-384"
+    digest_size = 48
+    block_size = None
+
+
+class SHA3_512(HashAlgorithm):  # noqa: N801
+    name = "sha3-512"
+    digest_size = 64
+    block_size = None
+
+
+class SHAKE128(HashAlgorithm, ExtendableOutputFunction):
+    name = "shake128"
+    block_size = None
+
+    def __init__(self, digest_size: int):
+        if not isinstance(digest_size, int):
+            raise TypeError("digest_size must be an integer")
+
+        if digest_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("digest_size must be a positive integer")
+
+        self._digest_size = digest_size
+
+    @property
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._digest_size
+
+
+class SHAKE256(HashAlgorithm, ExtendableOutputFunction):
+    name = "shake256"
+    block_size = None
+
+    def __init__(self, digest_size: int):
+        if not isinstance(digest_size, int):
+            raise TypeError("digest_size must be an integer")
+
+        if digest_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("digest_size must be a positive integer")
+
+        self._digest_size = digest_size
+
+    @property
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._digest_size
+
+
+class MD5(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "md5"
+    digest_size = 16
+    block_size = 64
+
+
+class BLAKE2b(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "blake2b"
+    _max_digest_size = 64
+    _min_digest_size = 1
+    block_size = 128
+
+    def __init__(self, digest_size: int):
+        if digest_size != 64:
+            raise ValueError("Digest size must be 64")
+
+        self._digest_size = digest_size
+
+    @property
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._digest_size
+
+
+class BLAKE2s(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "blake2s"
+    block_size = 64
+    _max_digest_size = 32
+    _min_digest_size = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, digest_size: int):
+        if digest_size != 32:
+            raise ValueError("Digest size must be 32")
+
+        self._digest_size = digest_size
+
+    @property
+    def digest_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._digest_size
+
+
+class SM3(HashAlgorithm):
+    name = "sm3"
+    digest_size = 32
+    block_size = 64
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hmac.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hmac.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9442d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hmac.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+__all__ = ["HMAC"]
+
+HMAC = rust_openssl.hmac.HMAC
+hashes.HashContext.register(HMAC)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79bb459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+
+
+class KeyDerivationFunction(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Deterministically generates and returns a new key based on the existing
+        key material.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Checks whether the key generated by the key material matches the
+        expected derived key. Raises an exception if they do not match.
+        """
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/argon2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/argon2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..405fc8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/argon2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+Argon2id = rust_openssl.kdf.Argon2id
+KeyDerivationFunction.register(Argon2id)
+
+__all__ = ["Argon2id"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/concatkdf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/concatkdf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d9d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/concatkdf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import AlreadyFinalized, InvalidKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, hashes, hmac
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+
+def _int_to_u32be(n: int) -> bytes:
+    return n.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big")
+
+
+def _common_args_checks(
+    algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    length: int,
+    otherinfo: bytes | None,
+) -> None:
+    max_length = algorithm.digest_size * (2**32 - 1)
+    if length > max_length:
+        raise ValueError(f"Cannot derive keys larger than {max_length} bits.")
+    if otherinfo is not None:
+        utils._check_bytes("otherinfo", otherinfo)
+
+
+def _concatkdf_derive(
+    key_material: bytes,
+    length: int,
+    auxfn: typing.Callable[[], hashes.HashContext],
+    otherinfo: bytes,
+) -> bytes:
+    utils._check_byteslike("key_material", key_material)
+    output = [b""]
+    outlen = 0
+    counter = 1
+
+    while length > outlen:
+        h = auxfn()
+        h.update(_int_to_u32be(counter))
+        h.update(key_material)
+        h.update(otherinfo)
+        output.append(h.finalize())
+        outlen += len(output[-1])
+        counter += 1
+
+    return b"".join(output)[:length]
+
+
+class ConcatKDFHash(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        otherinfo: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        _common_args_checks(algorithm, length, otherinfo)
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._length = length
+        self._otherinfo: bytes = otherinfo if otherinfo is not None else b""
+
+        self._used = False
+
+    def _hash(self) -> hashes.Hash:
+        return hashes.Hash(self._algorithm)
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized
+        self._used = True
+        return _concatkdf_derive(
+            key_material, self._length, self._hash, self._otherinfo
+        )
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
+
+
+class ConcatKDFHMAC(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        salt: bytes | None,
+        otherinfo: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        _common_args_checks(algorithm, length, otherinfo)
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._length = length
+        self._otherinfo: bytes = otherinfo if otherinfo is not None else b""
+
+        if algorithm.block_size is None:
+            raise TypeError(f"{algorithm.name} is unsupported for ConcatKDF")
+
+        if salt is None:
+            salt = b"\x00" * algorithm.block_size
+        else:
+            utils._check_bytes("salt", salt)
+
+        self._salt = salt
+
+        self._used = False
+
+    def _hmac(self) -> hmac.HMAC:
+        return hmac.HMAC(self._salt, self._algorithm)
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized
+        self._used = True
+        return _concatkdf_derive(
+            key_material, self._length, self._hmac, self._otherinfo
+        )
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/hkdf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/hkdf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee562d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/hkdf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import AlreadyFinalized, InvalidKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, hashes, hmac
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+
+class HKDF(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        salt: bytes | None,
+        info: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+        if salt is None:
+            salt = b"\x00" * self._algorithm.digest_size
+        else:
+            utils._check_bytes("salt", salt)
+
+        self._salt = salt
+
+        self._hkdf_expand = HKDFExpand(self._algorithm, length, info)
+
+    def _extract(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        h = hmac.HMAC(self._salt, self._algorithm)
+        h.update(key_material)
+        return h.finalize()
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        utils._check_byteslike("key_material", key_material)
+        return self._hkdf_expand.derive(self._extract(key_material))
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
+
+
+class HKDFExpand(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        info: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+        max_length = 255 * algorithm.digest_size
+
+        if length > max_length:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Cannot derive keys larger than {max_length} octets."
+            )
+
+        self._length = length
+
+        if info is None:
+            info = b""
+        else:
+            utils._check_bytes("info", info)
+
+        self._info = info
+
+        self._used = False
+
+    def _expand(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        output = [b""]
+        counter = 1
+
+        while self._algorithm.digest_size * (len(output) - 1) < self._length:
+            h = hmac.HMAC(key_material, self._algorithm)
+            h.update(output[-1])
+            h.update(self._info)
+            h.update(bytes([counter]))
+            output.append(h.finalize())
+            counter += 1
+
+        return b"".join(output)[: self._length]
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        utils._check_byteslike("key_material", key_material)
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized
+
+        self._used = True
+        return self._expand(key_material)
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/kbkdf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/kbkdf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..802b484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/kbkdf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyFinalized,
+    InvalidKey,
+    UnsupportedAlgorithm,
+    _Reasons,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import (
+    ciphers,
+    cmac,
+    constant_time,
+    hashes,
+    hmac,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+
+class Mode(utils.Enum):
+    CounterMode = "ctr"
+
+
+class CounterLocation(utils.Enum):
+    BeforeFixed = "before_fixed"
+    AfterFixed = "after_fixed"
+    MiddleFixed = "middle_fixed"
+
+
+class _KBKDFDeriver:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prf: typing.Callable,
+        mode: Mode,
+        length: int,
+        rlen: int,
+        llen: int | None,
+        location: CounterLocation,
+        break_location: int | None,
+        label: bytes | None,
+        context: bytes | None,
+        fixed: bytes | None,
+    ):
+        assert callable(prf)
+
+        if not isinstance(mode, Mode):
+            raise TypeError("mode must be of type Mode")
+
+        if not isinstance(location, CounterLocation):
+            raise TypeError("location must be of type CounterLocation")
+
+        if break_location is None and location is CounterLocation.MiddleFixed:
+            raise ValueError("Please specify a break_location")
+
+        if (
+            break_location is not None
+            and location != CounterLocation.MiddleFixed
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "break_location is ignored when location is not"
+                " CounterLocation.MiddleFixed"
+            )
+
+        if break_location is not None and not isinstance(break_location, int):
+            raise TypeError("break_location must be an integer")
+
+        if break_location is not None and break_location < 0:
+            raise ValueError("break_location must be a positive integer")
+
+        if (label or context) and fixed:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When supplying fixed data, label and context are ignored."
+            )
+
+        if rlen is None or not self._valid_byte_length(rlen):
+            raise ValueError("rlen must be between 1 and 4")
+
+        if llen is None and fixed is None:
+            raise ValueError("Please specify an llen")
+
+        if llen is not None and not isinstance(llen, int):
+            raise TypeError("llen must be an integer")
+
+        if llen == 0:
+            raise ValueError("llen must be non-zero")
+
+        if label is None:
+            label = b""
+
+        if context is None:
+            context = b""
+
+        utils._check_bytes("label", label)
+        utils._check_bytes("context", context)
+        self._prf = prf
+        self._mode = mode
+        self._length = length
+        self._rlen = rlen
+        self._llen = llen
+        self._location = location
+        self._break_location = break_location
+        self._label = label
+        self._context = context
+        self._used = False
+        self._fixed_data = fixed
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _valid_byte_length(value: int) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(value, int):
+            raise TypeError("value must be of type int")
+
+        value_bin = utils.int_to_bytes(1, value)
+        if not 1 <= len(value_bin) <= 4:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes, prf_output_size: int) -> bytes:
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized
+
+        utils._check_byteslike("key_material", key_material)
+        self._used = True
+
+        # inverse floor division (equivalent to ceiling)
+        rounds = -(-self._length // prf_output_size)
+
+        output = [b""]
+
+        # For counter mode, the number of iterations shall not be
+        # larger than 2^r-1, where r <= 32 is the binary length of the counter
+        # This ensures that the counter values used as an input to the
+        # PRF will not repeat during a particular call to the KDF function.
+        r_bin = utils.int_to_bytes(1, self._rlen)
+        if rounds > pow(2, len(r_bin) * 8) - 1:
+            raise ValueError("There are too many iterations.")
+
+        fixed = self._generate_fixed_input()
+
+        if self._location == CounterLocation.BeforeFixed:
+            data_before_ctr = b""
+            data_after_ctr = fixed
+        elif self._location == CounterLocation.AfterFixed:
+            data_before_ctr = fixed
+            data_after_ctr = b""
+        else:
+            if isinstance(
+                self._break_location, int
+            ) and self._break_location > len(fixed):
+                raise ValueError("break_location offset > len(fixed)")
+            data_before_ctr = fixed[: self._break_location]
+            data_after_ctr = fixed[self._break_location :]
+
+        for i in range(1, rounds + 1):
+            h = self._prf(key_material)
+
+            counter = utils.int_to_bytes(i, self._rlen)
+            input_data = data_before_ctr + counter + data_after_ctr
+
+            h.update(input_data)
+
+            output.append(h.finalize())
+
+        return b"".join(output)[: self._length]
+
+    def _generate_fixed_input(self) -> bytes:
+        if self._fixed_data and isinstance(self._fixed_data, bytes):
+            return self._fixed_data
+
+        l_val = utils.int_to_bytes(self._length * 8, self._llen)
+
+        return b"".join([self._label, b"\x00", self._context, l_val])
+
+
+class KBKDFHMAC(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        mode: Mode,
+        length: int,
+        rlen: int,
+        llen: int | None,
+        location: CounterLocation,
+        label: bytes | None,
+        context: bytes | None,
+        fixed: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        break_location: int | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, hashes.HashAlgorithm):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "Algorithm supplied is not a supported hash algorithm.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_HASH,
+            )
+
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import (
+            backend as ossl,
+        )
+
+        if not ossl.hmac_supported(algorithm):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "Algorithm supplied is not a supported hmac algorithm.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_HASH,
+            )
+
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+        self._deriver = _KBKDFDeriver(
+            self._prf,
+            mode,
+            length,
+            rlen,
+            llen,
+            location,
+            break_location,
+            label,
+            context,
+            fixed,
+        )
+
+    def _prf(self, key_material: bytes) -> hmac.HMAC:
+        return hmac.HMAC(key_material, self._algorithm)
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return self._deriver.derive(key_material, self._algorithm.digest_size)
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
+
+
+class KBKDFCMAC(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm,
+        mode: Mode,
+        length: int,
+        rlen: int,
+        llen: int | None,
+        location: CounterLocation,
+        label: bytes | None,
+        context: bytes | None,
+        fixed: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        break_location: int | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not issubclass(
+            algorithm, ciphers.BlockCipherAlgorithm
+        ) or not issubclass(algorithm, ciphers.CipherAlgorithm):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "Algorithm supplied is not a supported cipher algorithm.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER,
+            )
+
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._cipher: ciphers.BlockCipherAlgorithm | None = None
+
+        self._deriver = _KBKDFDeriver(
+            self._prf,
+            mode,
+            length,
+            rlen,
+            llen,
+            location,
+            break_location,
+            label,
+            context,
+            fixed,
+        )
+
+    def _prf(self, _: bytes) -> cmac.CMAC:
+        assert self._cipher is not None
+
+        return cmac.CMAC(self._cipher)
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        self._cipher = self._algorithm(key_material)
+
+        assert self._cipher is not None
+
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import (
+            backend as ossl,
+        )
+
+        if not ossl.cmac_algorithm_supported(self._cipher):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "Algorithm supplied is not a supported cipher algorithm.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_CIPHER,
+            )
+
+        return self._deriver.derive(key_material, self._cipher.block_size // 8)
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/pbkdf2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/pbkdf2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82689eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/pbkdf2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyFinalized,
+    InvalidKey,
+    UnsupportedAlgorithm,
+    _Reasons,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+
+class PBKDF2HMAC(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        salt: bytes,
+        iterations: int,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import (
+            backend as ossl,
+        )
+
+        if not ossl.pbkdf2_hmac_supported(algorithm):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                f"{algorithm.name} is not supported for PBKDF2.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_HASH,
+            )
+        self._used = False
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._length = length
+        utils._check_bytes("salt", salt)
+        self._salt = salt
+        self._iterations = iterations
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized("PBKDF2 instances can only be used once.")
+        self._used = True
+
+        return rust_openssl.kdf.derive_pbkdf2_hmac(
+            key_material,
+            self._algorithm,
+            self._salt,
+            self._iterations,
+            self._length,
+        )
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        derived_key = self.derive(key_material)
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(derived_key, expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey("Keys do not match.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/scrypt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/scrypt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f791cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/scrypt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+# This is used by the scrypt tests to skip tests that require more memory
+# than the MEM_LIMIT
+_MEM_LIMIT = sys.maxsize // 2
+
+Scrypt = rust_openssl.kdf.Scrypt
+KeyDerivationFunction.register(Scrypt)
+
+__all__ = ["Scrypt"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/x963kdf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/x963kdf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e38366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/x963kdf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import AlreadyFinalized, InvalidKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf import KeyDerivationFunction
+
+
+def _int_to_u32be(n: int) -> bytes:
+    return n.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big")
+
+
+class X963KDF(KeyDerivationFunction):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        length: int,
+        sharedinfo: bytes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ):
+        max_len = algorithm.digest_size * (2**32 - 1)
+        if length > max_len:
+            raise ValueError(f"Cannot derive keys larger than {max_len} bits.")
+        if sharedinfo is not None:
+            utils._check_bytes("sharedinfo", sharedinfo)
+
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._length = length
+        self._sharedinfo = sharedinfo
+        self._used = False
+
+    def derive(self, key_material: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if self._used:
+            raise AlreadyFinalized
+        self._used = True
+        utils._check_byteslike("key_material", key_material)
+        output = [b""]
+        outlen = 0
+        counter = 1
+
+        while self._length > outlen:
+            h = hashes.Hash(self._algorithm)
+            h.update(key_material)
+            h.update(_int_to_u32be(counter))
+            if self._sharedinfo is not None:
+                h.update(self._sharedinfo)
+            output.append(h.finalize())
+            outlen += len(output[-1])
+            counter += 1
+
+        return b"".join(output)[: self._length]
+
+    def verify(self, key_material: bytes, expected_key: bytes) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.derive(key_material), expected_key):
+            raise InvalidKey
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/keywrap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/keywrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b93d87d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/keywrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms import AES
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes import ECB
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.constant_time import bytes_eq
+
+
+def _wrap_core(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    a: bytes,
+    r: list[bytes],
+) -> bytes:
+    # RFC 3394 Key Wrap - 2.2.1 (index method)
+    encryptor = Cipher(AES(wrapping_key), ECB()).encryptor()
+    n = len(r)
+    for j in range(6):
+        for i in range(n):
+            # every encryption operation is a discrete 16 byte chunk (because
+            # AES has a 128-bit block size) and since we're using ECB it is
+            # safe to reuse the encryptor for the entire operation
+            b = encryptor.update(a + r[i])
+            a = (
+                int.from_bytes(b[:8], byteorder="big") ^ ((n * j) + i + 1)
+            ).to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="big")
+            r[i] = b[-8:]
+
+    assert encryptor.finalize() == b""
+
+    return a + b"".join(r)
+
+
+def aes_key_wrap(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    key_to_wrap: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    if len(wrapping_key) not in [16, 24, 32]:
+        raise ValueError("The wrapping key must be a valid AES key length")
+
+    if len(key_to_wrap) < 16:
+        raise ValueError("The key to wrap must be at least 16 bytes")
+
+    if len(key_to_wrap) % 8 != 0:
+        raise ValueError("The key to wrap must be a multiple of 8 bytes")
+
+    a = b"\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6"
+    r = [key_to_wrap[i : i + 8] for i in range(0, len(key_to_wrap), 8)]
+    return _wrap_core(wrapping_key, a, r)
+
+
+def _unwrap_core(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    a: bytes,
+    r: list[bytes],
+) -> tuple[bytes, list[bytes]]:
+    # Implement RFC 3394 Key Unwrap - 2.2.2 (index method)
+    decryptor = Cipher(AES(wrapping_key), ECB()).decryptor()
+    n = len(r)
+    for j in reversed(range(6)):
+        for i in reversed(range(n)):
+            atr = (
+                int.from_bytes(a, byteorder="big") ^ ((n * j) + i + 1)
+            ).to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="big") + r[i]
+            # every decryption operation is a discrete 16 byte chunk so
+            # it is safe to reuse the decryptor for the entire operation
+            b = decryptor.update(atr)
+            a = b[:8]
+            r[i] = b[-8:]
+
+    assert decryptor.finalize() == b""
+    return a, r
+
+
+def aes_key_wrap_with_padding(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    key_to_wrap: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    if len(wrapping_key) not in [16, 24, 32]:
+        raise ValueError("The wrapping key must be a valid AES key length")
+
+    aiv = b"\xa6\x59\x59\xa6" + len(key_to_wrap).to_bytes(
+        length=4, byteorder="big"
+    )
+    # pad the key to wrap if necessary
+    pad = (8 - (len(key_to_wrap) % 8)) % 8
+    key_to_wrap = key_to_wrap + b"\x00" * pad
+    if len(key_to_wrap) == 8:
+        # RFC 5649 - 4.1 - exactly 8 octets after padding
+        encryptor = Cipher(AES(wrapping_key), ECB()).encryptor()
+        b = encryptor.update(aiv + key_to_wrap)
+        assert encryptor.finalize() == b""
+        return b
+    else:
+        r = [key_to_wrap[i : i + 8] for i in range(0, len(key_to_wrap), 8)]
+        return _wrap_core(wrapping_key, aiv, r)
+
+
+def aes_key_unwrap_with_padding(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    wrapped_key: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    if len(wrapped_key) < 16:
+        raise InvalidUnwrap("Must be at least 16 bytes")
+
+    if len(wrapping_key) not in [16, 24, 32]:
+        raise ValueError("The wrapping key must be a valid AES key length")
+
+    if len(wrapped_key) == 16:
+        # RFC 5649 - 4.2 - exactly two 64-bit blocks
+        decryptor = Cipher(AES(wrapping_key), ECB()).decryptor()
+        out = decryptor.update(wrapped_key)
+        assert decryptor.finalize() == b""
+        a = out[:8]
+        data = out[8:]
+        n = 1
+    else:
+        r = [wrapped_key[i : i + 8] for i in range(0, len(wrapped_key), 8)]
+        encrypted_aiv = r.pop(0)
+        n = len(r)
+        a, r = _unwrap_core(wrapping_key, encrypted_aiv, r)
+        data = b"".join(r)
+
+    # 1) Check that MSB(32,A) = A65959A6.
+    # 2) Check that 8*(n-1) < LSB(32,A) <= 8*n.  If so, let
+    #    MLI = LSB(32,A).
+    # 3) Let b = (8*n)-MLI, and then check that the rightmost b octets of
+    #    the output data are zero.
+    mli = int.from_bytes(a[4:], byteorder="big")
+    b = (8 * n) - mli
+    if (
+        not bytes_eq(a[:4], b"\xa6\x59\x59\xa6")
+        or not 8 * (n - 1) < mli <= 8 * n
+        or (b != 0 and not bytes_eq(data[-b:], b"\x00" * b))
+    ):
+        raise InvalidUnwrap()
+
+    if b == 0:
+        return data
+    else:
+        return data[:-b]
+
+
+def aes_key_unwrap(
+    wrapping_key: bytes,
+    wrapped_key: bytes,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    if len(wrapped_key) < 24:
+        raise InvalidUnwrap("Must be at least 24 bytes")
+
+    if len(wrapped_key) % 8 != 0:
+        raise InvalidUnwrap("The wrapped key must be a multiple of 8 bytes")
+
+    if len(wrapping_key) not in [16, 24, 32]:
+        raise ValueError("The wrapping key must be a valid AES key length")
+
+    aiv = b"\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6\xa6"
+    r = [wrapped_key[i : i + 8] for i in range(0, len(wrapped_key), 8)]
+    a = r.pop(0)
+    a, r = _unwrap_core(wrapping_key, a, r)
+    if not bytes_eq(a, aiv):
+        raise InvalidUnwrap()
+
+    return b"".join(r)
+
+
+class InvalidUnwrap(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2a3f1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import AlreadyFinalized
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import (
+    PKCS7PaddingContext,
+    PKCS7UnpaddingContext,
+    check_ansix923_padding,
+)
+
+
+class PaddingContext(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Pads the provided bytes and returns any available data as bytes.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Finalize the padding, returns bytes.
+        """
+
+
+def _byte_padding_check(block_size: int) -> None:
+    if not (0 <= block_size <= 2040):
+        raise ValueError("block_size must be in range(0, 2041).")
+
+    if block_size % 8 != 0:
+        raise ValueError("block_size must be a multiple of 8.")
+
+
+def _byte_padding_update(
+    buffer_: bytes | None, data: bytes, block_size: int
+) -> tuple[bytes, bytes]:
+    if buffer_ is None:
+        raise AlreadyFinalized("Context was already finalized.")
+
+    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)
+
+    buffer_ += bytes(data)
+
+    finished_blocks = len(buffer_) // (block_size // 8)
+
+    result = buffer_[: finished_blocks * (block_size // 8)]
+    buffer_ = buffer_[finished_blocks * (block_size // 8) :]
+
+    return buffer_, result
+
+
+def _byte_padding_pad(
+    buffer_: bytes | None,
+    block_size: int,
+    paddingfn: typing.Callable[[int], bytes],
+) -> bytes:
+    if buffer_ is None:
+        raise AlreadyFinalized("Context was already finalized.")
+
+    pad_size = block_size // 8 - len(buffer_)
+    return buffer_ + paddingfn(pad_size)
+
+
+def _byte_unpadding_update(
+    buffer_: bytes | None, data: bytes, block_size: int
+) -> tuple[bytes, bytes]:
+    if buffer_ is None:
+        raise AlreadyFinalized("Context was already finalized.")
+
+    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)
+
+    buffer_ += bytes(data)
+
+    finished_blocks = max(len(buffer_) // (block_size // 8) - 1, 0)
+
+    result = buffer_[: finished_blocks * (block_size // 8)]
+    buffer_ = buffer_[finished_blocks * (block_size // 8) :]
+
+    return buffer_, result
+
+
+def _byte_unpadding_check(
+    buffer_: bytes | None,
+    block_size: int,
+    checkfn: typing.Callable[[bytes], int],
+) -> bytes:
+    if buffer_ is None:
+        raise AlreadyFinalized("Context was already finalized.")
+
+    if len(buffer_) != block_size // 8:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid padding bytes.")
+
+    valid = checkfn(buffer_)
+
+    if not valid:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid padding bytes.")
+
+    pad_size = buffer_[-1]
+    return buffer_[:-pad_size]
+
+
+class PKCS7:
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int):
+        _byte_padding_check(block_size)
+        self.block_size = block_size
+
+    def padder(self) -> PaddingContext:
+        return PKCS7PaddingContext(self.block_size)
+
+    def unpadder(self) -> PaddingContext:
+        return PKCS7UnpaddingContext(self.block_size)
+
+
+PaddingContext.register(PKCS7PaddingContext)
+PaddingContext.register(PKCS7UnpaddingContext)
+
+
+class ANSIX923:
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int):
+        _byte_padding_check(block_size)
+        self.block_size = block_size
+
+    def padder(self) -> PaddingContext:
+        return _ANSIX923PaddingContext(self.block_size)
+
+    def unpadder(self) -> PaddingContext:
+        return _ANSIX923UnpaddingContext(self.block_size)
+
+
+class _ANSIX923PaddingContext(PaddingContext):
+    _buffer: bytes | None
+
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int):
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        # TODO: more copies than necessary, we should use zero-buffer (#193)
+        self._buffer = b""
+
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        self._buffer, result = _byte_padding_update(
+            self._buffer, data, self.block_size
+        )
+        return result
+
+    def _padding(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        return bytes([0]) * (size - 1) + bytes([size])
+
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes:
+        result = _byte_padding_pad(
+            self._buffer, self.block_size, self._padding
+        )
+        self._buffer = None
+        return result
+
+
+class _ANSIX923UnpaddingContext(PaddingContext):
+    _buffer: bytes | None
+
+    def __init__(self, block_size: int):
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        # TODO: more copies than necessary, we should use zero-buffer (#193)
+        self._buffer = b""
+
+    def update(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        self._buffer, result = _byte_unpadding_update(
+            self._buffer, data, self.block_size
+        )
+        return result
+
+    def finalize(self) -> bytes:
+        result = _byte_unpadding_check(
+            self._buffer,
+            self.block_size,
+            check_ansix923_padding,
+        )
+        self._buffer = None
+        return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/poly1305.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/poly1305.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5a77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/poly1305.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+__all__ = ["Poly1305"]
+
+Poly1305 = rust_openssl.poly1305.Poly1305
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07b2264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._serialization import (
+    BestAvailableEncryption,
+    Encoding,
+    KeySerializationEncryption,
+    NoEncryption,
+    ParameterFormat,
+    PrivateFormat,
+    PublicFormat,
+    _KeySerializationEncryption,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.base import (
+    load_der_parameters,
+    load_der_private_key,
+    load_der_public_key,
+    load_pem_parameters,
+    load_pem_private_key,
+    load_pem_public_key,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.ssh import (
+    SSHCertificate,
+    SSHCertificateBuilder,
+    SSHCertificateType,
+    SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes,
+    SSHCertPublicKeyTypes,
+    SSHPrivateKeyTypes,
+    SSHPublicKeyTypes,
+    load_ssh_private_key,
+    load_ssh_public_identity,
+    load_ssh_public_key,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BestAvailableEncryption",
+    "Encoding",
+    "KeySerializationEncryption",
+    "NoEncryption",
+    "ParameterFormat",
+    "PrivateFormat",
+    "PublicFormat",
+    "SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes",
+    "SSHCertPublicKeyTypes",
+    "SSHCertificate",
+    "SSHCertificateBuilder",
+    "SSHCertificateType",
+    "SSHPrivateKeyTypes",
+    "SSHPublicKeyTypes",
+    "_KeySerializationEncryption",
+    "load_der_parameters",
+    "load_der_private_key",
+    "load_der_public_key",
+    "load_pem_parameters",
+    "load_pem_private_key",
+    "load_pem_public_key",
+    "load_ssh_private_key",
+    "load_ssh_public_identity",
+    "load_ssh_public_key",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7c998b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
+
+load_pem_private_key = rust_openssl.keys.load_pem_private_key
+load_der_private_key = rust_openssl.keys.load_der_private_key
+
+load_pem_public_key = rust_openssl.keys.load_pem_public_key
+load_der_public_key = rust_openssl.keys.load_der_public_key
+
+load_pem_parameters = rust_openssl.dh.from_pem_parameters
+load_der_parameters = rust_openssl.dh.from_der_parameters
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs12.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs12.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..549e1f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs12.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import pkcs12 as rust_pkcs12
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._serialization import PBES as PBES
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import (
+    dsa,
+    ec,
+    ed448,
+    ed25519,
+    rsa,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import PrivateKeyTypes
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PBES",
+    "PKCS12Certificate",
+    "PKCS12KeyAndCertificates",
+    "PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes",
+    "load_key_and_certificates",
+    "load_pkcs12",
+    "serialize_key_and_certificates",
+]
+
+PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+    ed448.Ed448PrivateKey,
+]
+
+
+PKCS12Certificate = rust_pkcs12.PKCS12Certificate
+
+
+class PKCS12KeyAndCertificates:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: PrivateKeyTypes | None,
+        cert: PKCS12Certificate | None,
+        additional_certs: list[PKCS12Certificate],
+    ):
+        if key is not None and not isinstance(
+            key,
+            (
+                rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+                dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+                ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+                ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+                ed448.Ed448PrivateKey,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Key must be RSA, DSA, EllipticCurve, ED25519, or ED448"
+                " private key, or None."
+            )
+        if cert is not None and not isinstance(cert, PKCS12Certificate):
+            raise TypeError("cert must be a PKCS12Certificate object or None")
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(add_cert, PKCS12Certificate)
+            for add_cert in additional_certs
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "all values in additional_certs must be PKCS12Certificate"
+                " objects"
+            )
+        self._key = key
+        self._cert = cert
+        self._additional_certs = additional_certs
+
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> PrivateKeyTypes | None:
+        return self._key
+
+    @property
+    def cert(self) -> PKCS12Certificate | None:
+        return self._cert
+
+    @property
+    def additional_certs(self) -> list[PKCS12Certificate]:
+        return self._additional_certs
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, PKCS12KeyAndCertificates):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.key == other.key
+            and self.cert == other.cert
+            and self.additional_certs == other.additional_certs
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.key, self.cert, tuple(self.additional_certs)))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        fmt = (
+            "<PKCS12KeyAndCertificates(key={}, cert={}, additional_certs={})>"
+        )
+        return fmt.format(self.key, self.cert, self.additional_certs)
+
+
+load_key_and_certificates = rust_pkcs12.load_key_and_certificates
+load_pkcs12 = rust_pkcs12.load_pkcs12
+
+
+_PKCS12CATypes = typing.Union[
+    x509.Certificate,
+    PKCS12Certificate,
+]
+
+
+def serialize_key_and_certificates(
+    name: bytes | None,
+    key: PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes | None,
+    cert: x509.Certificate | None,
+    cas: typing.Iterable[_PKCS12CATypes] | None,
+    encryption_algorithm: serialization.KeySerializationEncryption,
+) -> bytes:
+    if key is not None and not isinstance(
+        key,
+        (
+            rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+            dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+            ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+            ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+            ed448.Ed448PrivateKey,
+        ),
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Key must be RSA, DSA, EllipticCurve, ED25519, or ED448"
+            " private key, or None."
+        )
+
+    if not isinstance(
+        encryption_algorithm, serialization.KeySerializationEncryption
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Key encryption algorithm must be a "
+            "KeySerializationEncryption instance"
+        )
+
+    if key is None and cert is None and not cas:
+        raise ValueError("You must supply at least one of key, cert, or cas")
+
+    return rust_pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates(
+        name, key, cert, cas, encryption_algorithm
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs7.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs7.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882e345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs7.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import email.base64mime
+import email.generator
+import email.message
+import email.policy
+import io
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils, x509
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import pkcs7 as rust_pkcs7
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec, padding, rsa
+from cryptography.utils import _check_byteslike
+
+load_pem_pkcs7_certificates = rust_pkcs7.load_pem_pkcs7_certificates
+
+load_der_pkcs7_certificates = rust_pkcs7.load_der_pkcs7_certificates
+
+serialize_certificates = rust_pkcs7.serialize_certificates
+
+PKCS7HashTypes = typing.Union[
+    hashes.SHA224,
+    hashes.SHA256,
+    hashes.SHA384,
+    hashes.SHA512,
+]
+
+PKCS7PrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey
+]
+
+
+class PKCS7Options(utils.Enum):
+    Text = "Add text/plain MIME type"
+    Binary = "Don't translate input data into canonical MIME format"
+    DetachedSignature = "Don't embed data in the PKCS7 structure"
+    NoCapabilities = "Don't embed SMIME capabilities"
+    NoAttributes = "Don't embed authenticatedAttributes"
+    NoCerts = "Don't embed signer certificate"
+
+
+class PKCS7SignatureBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data: bytes | None = None,
+        signers: list[
+            tuple[
+                x509.Certificate,
+                PKCS7PrivateKeyTypes,
+                PKCS7HashTypes,
+                padding.PSS | padding.PKCS1v15 | None,
+            ]
+        ] = [],
+        additional_certs: list[x509.Certificate] = [],
+    ):
+        self._data = data
+        self._signers = signers
+        self._additional_certs = additional_certs
+
+    def set_data(self, data: bytes) -> PKCS7SignatureBuilder:
+        _check_byteslike("data", data)
+        if self._data is not None:
+            raise ValueError("data may only be set once")
+
+        return PKCS7SignatureBuilder(data, self._signers)
+
+    def add_signer(
+        self,
+        certificate: x509.Certificate,
+        private_key: PKCS7PrivateKeyTypes,
+        hash_algorithm: PKCS7HashTypes,
+        *,
+        rsa_padding: padding.PSS | padding.PKCS1v15 | None = None,
+    ) -> PKCS7SignatureBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(
+            hash_algorithm,
+            (
+                hashes.SHA224,
+                hashes.SHA256,
+                hashes.SHA384,
+                hashes.SHA512,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "hash_algorithm must be one of hashes.SHA224, "
+                "SHA256, SHA384, or SHA512"
+            )
+        if not isinstance(certificate, x509.Certificate):
+            raise TypeError("certificate must be a x509.Certificate")
+
+        if not isinstance(
+            private_key, (rsa.RSAPrivateKey, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("Only RSA & EC keys are supported at this time.")
+
+        if rsa_padding is not None:
+            if not isinstance(rsa_padding, (padding.PSS, padding.PKCS1v15)):
+                raise TypeError("Padding must be PSS or PKCS1v15")
+            if not isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey):
+                raise TypeError("Padding is only supported for RSA keys")
+
+        return PKCS7SignatureBuilder(
+            self._data,
+            [
+                *self._signers,
+                (certificate, private_key, hash_algorithm, rsa_padding),
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def add_certificate(
+        self, certificate: x509.Certificate
+    ) -> PKCS7SignatureBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(certificate, x509.Certificate):
+            raise TypeError("certificate must be a x509.Certificate")
+
+        return PKCS7SignatureBuilder(
+            self._data, self._signers, [*self._additional_certs, certificate]
+        )
+
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+        options: typing.Iterable[PKCS7Options],
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        if len(self._signers) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("Must have at least one signer")
+        if self._data is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must add data to sign")
+        options = list(options)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, PKCS7Options) for x in options):
+            raise ValueError("options must be from the PKCS7Options enum")
+        if encoding not in (
+            serialization.Encoding.PEM,
+            serialization.Encoding.DER,
+            serialization.Encoding.SMIME,
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Must be PEM, DER, or SMIME from the Encoding enum"
+            )
+
+        # Text is a meaningless option unless it is accompanied by
+        # DetachedSignature
+        if (
+            PKCS7Options.Text in options
+            and PKCS7Options.DetachedSignature not in options
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When passing the Text option you must also pass "
+                "DetachedSignature"
+            )
+
+        if PKCS7Options.Text in options and encoding in (
+            serialization.Encoding.DER,
+            serialization.Encoding.PEM,
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The Text option is only available for SMIME serialization"
+            )
+
+        # No attributes implies no capabilities so we'll error if you try to
+        # pass both.
+        if (
+            PKCS7Options.NoAttributes in options
+            and PKCS7Options.NoCapabilities in options
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "NoAttributes is a superset of NoCapabilities. Do not pass "
+                "both values."
+            )
+
+        return rust_pkcs7.sign_and_serialize(self, encoding, options)
+
+
+class PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        _data: bytes | None = None,
+        _recipients: list[x509.Certificate] | None = None,
+    ):
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import (
+            backend as ossl,
+        )
+
+        if not ossl.rsa_encryption_supported(padding=padding.PKCS1v15()):
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "RSA with PKCS1 v1.5 padding is not supported by this version"
+                " of OpenSSL.",
+                _Reasons.UNSUPPORTED_PADDING,
+            )
+        self._data = _data
+        self._recipients = _recipients if _recipients is not None else []
+
+    def set_data(self, data: bytes) -> PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder:
+        _check_byteslike("data", data)
+        if self._data is not None:
+            raise ValueError("data may only be set once")
+
+        return PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder(_data=data, _recipients=self._recipients)
+
+    def add_recipient(
+        self,
+        certificate: x509.Certificate,
+    ) -> PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(certificate, x509.Certificate):
+            raise TypeError("certificate must be a x509.Certificate")
+
+        if not isinstance(certificate.public_key(), rsa.RSAPublicKey):
+            raise TypeError("Only RSA keys are supported at this time.")
+
+        return PKCS7EnvelopeBuilder(
+            _data=self._data,
+            _recipients=[
+                *self._recipients,
+                certificate,
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def encrypt(
+        self,
+        encoding: serialization.Encoding,
+        options: typing.Iterable[PKCS7Options],
+    ) -> bytes:
+        if len(self._recipients) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("Must have at least one recipient")
+        if self._data is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must add data to encrypt")
+        options = list(options)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, PKCS7Options) for x in options):
+            raise ValueError("options must be from the PKCS7Options enum")
+        if encoding not in (
+            serialization.Encoding.PEM,
+            serialization.Encoding.DER,
+            serialization.Encoding.SMIME,
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Must be PEM, DER, or SMIME from the Encoding enum"
+            )
+
+        # Only allow options that make sense for encryption
+        if any(
+            opt not in [PKCS7Options.Text, PKCS7Options.Binary]
+            for opt in options
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Only the following options are supported for encryption: "
+                "Text, Binary"
+            )
+        elif PKCS7Options.Text in options and PKCS7Options.Binary in options:
+            # OpenSSL accepts both options at the same time, but ignores Text.
+            # We fail defensively to avoid unexpected outputs.
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot use Binary and Text options at the same time"
+            )
+
+        return rust_pkcs7.encrypt_and_serialize(self, encoding, options)
+
+
+pkcs7_decrypt_der = rust_pkcs7.decrypt_der
+pkcs7_decrypt_pem = rust_pkcs7.decrypt_pem
+pkcs7_decrypt_smime = rust_pkcs7.decrypt_smime
+
+
+def _smime_signed_encode(
+    data: bytes, signature: bytes, micalg: str, text_mode: bool
+) -> bytes:
+    # This function works pretty hard to replicate what OpenSSL does
+    # precisely. For good and for ill.
+
+    m = email.message.Message()
+    m.add_header("MIME-Version", "1.0")
+    m.add_header(
+        "Content-Type",
+        "multipart/signed",
+        protocol="application/x-pkcs7-signature",
+        micalg=micalg,
+    )
+
+    m.preamble = "This is an S/MIME signed message\n"
+
+    msg_part = OpenSSLMimePart()
+    msg_part.set_payload(data)
+    if text_mode:
+        msg_part.add_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+    m.attach(msg_part)
+
+    sig_part = email.message.MIMEPart()
+    sig_part.add_header(
+        "Content-Type", "application/x-pkcs7-signature", name="smime.p7s"
+    )
+    sig_part.add_header("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64")
+    sig_part.add_header(
+        "Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename="smime.p7s"
+    )
+    sig_part.set_payload(
+        email.base64mime.body_encode(signature, maxlinelen=65)
+    )
+    del sig_part["MIME-Version"]
+    m.attach(sig_part)
+
+    fp = io.BytesIO()
+    g = email.generator.BytesGenerator(
+        fp,
+        maxheaderlen=0,
+        mangle_from_=False,
+        policy=m.policy.clone(linesep="\r\n"),
+    )
+    g.flatten(m)
+    return fp.getvalue()
+
+
+def _smime_enveloped_encode(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    m = email.message.Message()
+    m.add_header("MIME-Version", "1.0")
+    m.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename="smime.p7m")
+    m.add_header(
+        "Content-Type",
+        "application/pkcs7-mime",
+        smime_type="enveloped-data",
+        name="smime.p7m",
+    )
+    m.add_header("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64")
+
+    m.set_payload(email.base64mime.body_encode(data, maxlinelen=65))
+
+    return m.as_bytes(policy=m.policy.clone(linesep="\n", max_line_length=0))
+
+
+def _smime_enveloped_decode(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    m = email.message_from_bytes(data)
+    if m.get_content_type() not in {
+        "application/x-pkcs7-mime",
+        "application/pkcs7-mime",
+    }:
+        raise ValueError("Not an S/MIME enveloped message")
+    return bytes(m.get_payload(decode=True))
+
+
+def _smime_remove_text_headers(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    m = email.message_from_bytes(data)
+    # Using get() instead of get_content_type() since it has None as default,
+    # where the latter has "text/plain". Both methods are case-insensitive.
+    content_type = m.get("content-type")
+    if content_type is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Decrypted MIME data has no 'Content-Type' header. "
+            "Please remove the 'Text' option to parse it manually."
+        )
+    if "text/plain" not in content_type:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Decrypted MIME data content type is '{content_type}', not "
+            "'text/plain'. Remove the 'Text' option to parse it manually."
+        )
+    return bytes(m.get_payload(decode=True))
+
+
+class OpenSSLMimePart(email.message.MIMEPart):
+    # A MIMEPart subclass that replicates OpenSSL's behavior of not including
+    # a newline if there are no headers.
+    def _write_headers(self, generator) -> None:
+        if list(self.raw_items()):
+            generator._write_headers(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/ssh.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/ssh.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c01afb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/ssh.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1569 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import binascii
+import enum
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+import warnings
+from base64 import encodebytes as _base64_encode
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import (
+    dsa,
+    ec,
+    ed25519,
+    padding,
+    rsa,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import utils as asym_utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import (
+    AEADDecryptionContext,
+    Cipher,
+    algorithms,
+    modes,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
+    Encoding,
+    KeySerializationEncryption,
+    NoEncryption,
+    PrivateFormat,
+    PublicFormat,
+    _KeySerializationEncryption,
+)
+
+try:
+    from bcrypt import kdf as _bcrypt_kdf
+
+    _bcrypt_supported = True
+except ImportError:
+    _bcrypt_supported = False
+
+    def _bcrypt_kdf(
+        password: bytes,
+        salt: bytes,
+        desired_key_bytes: int,
+        rounds: int,
+        ignore_few_rounds: bool = False,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm("Need bcrypt module")
+
+
+_SSH_ED25519 = b"ssh-ed25519"
+_SSH_RSA = b"ssh-rsa"
+_SSH_DSA = b"ssh-dss"
+_ECDSA_NISTP256 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256"
+_ECDSA_NISTP384 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384"
+_ECDSA_NISTP521 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp521"
+_CERT_SUFFIX = b"-cert-v01@openssh.com"
+
+# U2F application string suffixed pubkey
+_SK_SSH_ED25519 = b"sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com"
+_SK_SSH_ECDSA_NISTP256 = b"sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com"
+
+# These are not key types, only algorithms, so they cannot appear
+# as a public key type
+_SSH_RSA_SHA256 = b"rsa-sha2-256"
+_SSH_RSA_SHA512 = b"rsa-sha2-512"
+
+_SSH_PUBKEY_RC = re.compile(rb"\A(\S+)[ \t]+(\S+)")
+_SK_MAGIC = b"openssh-key-v1\0"
+_SK_START = b"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
+_SK_END = b"-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
+_BCRYPT = b"bcrypt"
+_NONE = b"none"
+_DEFAULT_CIPHER = b"aes256-ctr"
+_DEFAULT_ROUNDS = 16
+
+# re is only way to work on bytes-like data
+_PEM_RC = re.compile(_SK_START + b"(.*?)" + _SK_END, re.DOTALL)
+
+# padding for max blocksize
+_PADDING = memoryview(bytearray(range(1, 1 + 16)))
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SSHCipher:
+    alg: type[algorithms.AES]
+    key_len: int
+    mode: type[modes.CTR] | type[modes.CBC] | type[modes.GCM]
+    block_len: int
+    iv_len: int
+    tag_len: int | None
+    is_aead: bool
+
+
+# ciphers that are actually used in key wrapping
+_SSH_CIPHERS: dict[bytes, _SSHCipher] = {
+    b"aes256-ctr": _SSHCipher(
+        alg=algorithms.AES,
+        key_len=32,
+        mode=modes.CTR,
+        block_len=16,
+        iv_len=16,
+        tag_len=None,
+        is_aead=False,
+    ),
+    b"aes256-cbc": _SSHCipher(
+        alg=algorithms.AES,
+        key_len=32,
+        mode=modes.CBC,
+        block_len=16,
+        iv_len=16,
+        tag_len=None,
+        is_aead=False,
+    ),
+    b"aes256-gcm@openssh.com": _SSHCipher(
+        alg=algorithms.AES,
+        key_len=32,
+        mode=modes.GCM,
+        block_len=16,
+        iv_len=12,
+        tag_len=16,
+        is_aead=True,
+    ),
+}
+
+# map local curve name to key type
+_ECDSA_KEY_TYPE = {
+    "secp256r1": _ECDSA_NISTP256,
+    "secp384r1": _ECDSA_NISTP384,
+    "secp521r1": _ECDSA_NISTP521,
+}
+
+
+def _get_ssh_key_type(key: SSHPrivateKeyTypes | SSHPublicKeyTypes) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(key, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey):
+        key_type = _ecdsa_key_type(key.public_key())
+    elif isinstance(key, ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey):
+        key_type = _ecdsa_key_type(key)
+    elif isinstance(key, (rsa.RSAPrivateKey, rsa.RSAPublicKey)):
+        key_type = _SSH_RSA
+    elif isinstance(key, (dsa.DSAPrivateKey, dsa.DSAPublicKey)):
+        key_type = _SSH_DSA
+    elif isinstance(
+        key, (ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey, ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey)
+    ):
+        key_type = _SSH_ED25519
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unsupported key type")
+
+    return key_type
+
+
+def _ecdsa_key_type(public_key: ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey) -> bytes:
+    """Return SSH key_type and curve_name for private key."""
+    curve = public_key.curve
+    if curve.name not in _ECDSA_KEY_TYPE:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unsupported curve for ssh private key: {curve.name!r}"
+        )
+    return _ECDSA_KEY_TYPE[curve.name]
+
+
+def _ssh_pem_encode(
+    data: bytes,
+    prefix: bytes = _SK_START + b"\n",
+    suffix: bytes = _SK_END + b"\n",
+) -> bytes:
+    return b"".join([prefix, _base64_encode(data), suffix])
+
+
+def _check_block_size(data: bytes, block_len: int) -> None:
+    """Require data to be full blocks"""
+    if not data or len(data) % block_len != 0:
+        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: missing padding")
+
+
+def _check_empty(data: bytes) -> None:
+    """All data should have been parsed."""
+    if data:
+        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: unparsed data")
+
+
+def _init_cipher(
+    ciphername: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    salt: bytes,
+    rounds: int,
+) -> Cipher[modes.CBC | modes.CTR | modes.GCM]:
+    """Generate key + iv and return cipher."""
+    if not password:
+        raise ValueError("Key is password-protected.")
+
+    ciph = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername]
+    seed = _bcrypt_kdf(
+        password, salt, ciph.key_len + ciph.iv_len, rounds, True
+    )
+    return Cipher(
+        ciph.alg(seed[: ciph.key_len]),
+        ciph.mode(seed[ciph.key_len :]),
+    )
+
+
+def _get_u32(data: memoryview) -> tuple[int, memoryview]:
+    """Uint32"""
+    if len(data) < 4:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
+    return int.from_bytes(data[:4], byteorder="big"), data[4:]
+
+
+def _get_u64(data: memoryview) -> tuple[int, memoryview]:
+    """Uint64"""
+    if len(data) < 8:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
+    return int.from_bytes(data[:8], byteorder="big"), data[8:]
+
+
+def _get_sshstr(data: memoryview) -> tuple[memoryview, memoryview]:
+    """Bytes with u32 length prefix"""
+    n, data = _get_u32(data)
+    if n > len(data):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
+    return data[:n], data[n:]
+
+
+def _get_mpint(data: memoryview) -> tuple[int, memoryview]:
+    """Big integer."""
+    val, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    if val and val[0] > 0x7F:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
+    return int.from_bytes(val, "big"), data
+
+
+def _to_mpint(val: int) -> bytes:
+    """Storage format for signed bigint."""
+    if val < 0:
+        raise ValueError("negative mpint not allowed")
+    if not val:
+        return b""
+    nbytes = (val.bit_length() + 8) // 8
+    return utils.int_to_bytes(val, nbytes)
+
+
+class _FragList:
+    """Build recursive structure without data copy."""
+
+    flist: list[bytes]
+
+    def __init__(self, init: list[bytes] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.flist = []
+        if init:
+            self.flist.extend(init)
+
+    def put_raw(self, val: bytes) -> None:
+        """Add plain bytes"""
+        self.flist.append(val)
+
+    def put_u32(self, val: int) -> None:
+        """Big-endian uint32"""
+        self.flist.append(val.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big"))
+
+    def put_u64(self, val: int) -> None:
+        """Big-endian uint64"""
+        self.flist.append(val.to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="big"))
+
+    def put_sshstr(self, val: bytes | _FragList) -> None:
+        """Bytes prefixed with u32 length"""
+        if isinstance(val, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray)):
+            self.put_u32(len(val))
+            self.flist.append(val)
+        else:
+            self.put_u32(val.size())
+            self.flist.extend(val.flist)
+
+    def put_mpint(self, val: int) -> None:
+        """Big-endian bigint prefixed with u32 length"""
+        self.put_sshstr(_to_mpint(val))
+
+    def size(self) -> int:
+        """Current number of bytes"""
+        return sum(map(len, self.flist))
+
+    def render(self, dstbuf: memoryview, pos: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Write into bytearray"""
+        for frag in self.flist:
+            flen = len(frag)
+            start, pos = pos, pos + flen
+            dstbuf[start:pos] = frag
+        return pos
+
+    def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return as bytes"""
+        buf = memoryview(bytearray(self.size()))
+        self.render(buf)
+        return buf.tobytes()
+
+
+class _SSHFormatRSA:
+    """Format for RSA keys.
+
+    Public:
+        mpint e, n
+    Private:
+        mpint n, e, d, iqmp, p, q
+    """
+
+    def get_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], memoryview]:
+        """RSA public fields"""
+        e, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        n, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        return (e, n), data
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[rsa.RSAPublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make RSA public key from data."""
+        (e, n), data = self.get_public(data)
+        public_numbers = rsa.RSAPublicNumbers(e, n)
+        public_key = public_numbers.public_key()
+        return public_key, data
+
+    def load_private(
+        self, data: memoryview, pubfields
+    ) -> tuple[rsa.RSAPrivateKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make RSA private key from data."""
+        n, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        e, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        d, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        iqmp, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        p, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        q, data = _get_mpint(data)
+
+        if (e, n) != pubfields:
+            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: rsa field mismatch")
+        dmp1 = rsa.rsa_crt_dmp1(d, p)
+        dmq1 = rsa.rsa_crt_dmq1(d, q)
+        public_numbers = rsa.RSAPublicNumbers(e, n)
+        private_numbers = rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers(
+            p, q, d, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp, public_numbers
+        )
+        private_key = private_numbers.private_key()
+        return private_key, data
+
+    def encode_public(
+        self, public_key: rsa.RSAPublicKey, f_pub: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write RSA public key"""
+        pubn = public_key.public_numbers()
+        f_pub.put_mpint(pubn.e)
+        f_pub.put_mpint(pubn.n)
+
+    def encode_private(
+        self, private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey, f_priv: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write RSA private key"""
+        private_numbers = private_key.private_numbers()
+        public_numbers = private_numbers.public_numbers
+
+        f_priv.put_mpint(public_numbers.n)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(public_numbers.e)
+
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.d)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.iqmp)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.p)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.q)
+
+
+class _SSHFormatDSA:
+    """Format for DSA keys.
+
+    Public:
+        mpint p, q, g, y
+    Private:
+        mpint p, q, g, y, x
+    """
+
+    def get_public(self, data: memoryview) -> tuple[tuple, memoryview]:
+        """DSA public fields"""
+        p, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        q, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        g, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        y, data = _get_mpint(data)
+        return (p, q, g, y), data
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[dsa.DSAPublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make DSA public key from data."""
+        (p, q, g, y), data = self.get_public(data)
+        parameter_numbers = dsa.DSAParameterNumbers(p, q, g)
+        public_numbers = dsa.DSAPublicNumbers(y, parameter_numbers)
+        self._validate(public_numbers)
+        public_key = public_numbers.public_key()
+        return public_key, data
+
+    def load_private(
+        self, data: memoryview, pubfields
+    ) -> tuple[dsa.DSAPrivateKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make DSA private key from data."""
+        (p, q, g, y), data = self.get_public(data)
+        x, data = _get_mpint(data)
+
+        if (p, q, g, y) != pubfields:
+            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: dsa field mismatch")
+        parameter_numbers = dsa.DSAParameterNumbers(p, q, g)
+        public_numbers = dsa.DSAPublicNumbers(y, parameter_numbers)
+        self._validate(public_numbers)
+        private_numbers = dsa.DSAPrivateNumbers(x, public_numbers)
+        private_key = private_numbers.private_key()
+        return private_key, data
+
+    def encode_public(
+        self, public_key: dsa.DSAPublicKey, f_pub: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write DSA public key"""
+        public_numbers = public_key.public_numbers()
+        parameter_numbers = public_numbers.parameter_numbers
+        self._validate(public_numbers)
+
+        f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.p)
+        f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.q)
+        f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.g)
+        f_pub.put_mpint(public_numbers.y)
+
+    def encode_private(
+        self, private_key: dsa.DSAPrivateKey, f_priv: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write DSA private key"""
+        self.encode_public(private_key.public_key(), f_priv)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_key.private_numbers().x)
+
+    def _validate(self, public_numbers: dsa.DSAPublicNumbers) -> None:
+        parameter_numbers = public_numbers.parameter_numbers
+        if parameter_numbers.p.bit_length() != 1024:
+            raise ValueError("SSH supports only 1024 bit DSA keys")
+
+
+class _SSHFormatECDSA:
+    """Format for ECDSA keys.
+
+    Public:
+        str curve
+        bytes point
+    Private:
+        str curve
+        bytes point
+        mpint secret
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ssh_curve_name: bytes, curve: ec.EllipticCurve):
+        self.ssh_curve_name = ssh_curve_name
+        self.curve = curve
+
+    def get_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[tuple[memoryview, memoryview], memoryview]:
+        """ECDSA public fields"""
+        curve, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+        point, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+        if curve != self.ssh_curve_name:
+            raise ValueError("Curve name mismatch")
+        if point[0] != 4:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Need uncompressed point")
+        return (curve, point), data
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make ECDSA public key from data."""
+        (_, point), data = self.get_public(data)
+        public_key = ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point(
+            self.curve, point.tobytes()
+        )
+        return public_key, data
+
+    def load_private(
+        self, data: memoryview, pubfields
+    ) -> tuple[ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make ECDSA private key from data."""
+        (curve_name, point), data = self.get_public(data)
+        secret, data = _get_mpint(data)
+
+        if (curve_name, point) != pubfields:
+            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: ecdsa field mismatch")
+        private_key = ec.derive_private_key(secret, self.curve)
+        return private_key, data
+
+    def encode_public(
+        self, public_key: ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey, f_pub: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write ECDSA public key"""
+        point = public_key.public_bytes(
+            Encoding.X962, PublicFormat.UncompressedPoint
+        )
+        f_pub.put_sshstr(self.ssh_curve_name)
+        f_pub.put_sshstr(point)
+
+    def encode_private(
+        self, private_key: ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey, f_priv: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write ECDSA private key"""
+        public_key = private_key.public_key()
+        private_numbers = private_key.private_numbers()
+
+        self.encode_public(public_key, f_priv)
+        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.private_value)
+
+
+class _SSHFormatEd25519:
+    """Format for Ed25519 keys.
+
+    Public:
+        bytes point
+    Private:
+        bytes point
+        bytes secret_and_point
+    """
+
+    def get_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[tuple[memoryview], memoryview]:
+        """Ed25519 public fields"""
+        point, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+        return (point,), data
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make Ed25519 public key from data."""
+        (point,), data = self.get_public(data)
+        public_key = ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(
+            point.tobytes()
+        )
+        return public_key, data
+
+    def load_private(
+        self, data: memoryview, pubfields
+    ) -> tuple[ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make Ed25519 private key from data."""
+        (point,), data = self.get_public(data)
+        keypair, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+
+        secret = keypair[:32]
+        point2 = keypair[32:]
+        if point != point2 or (point,) != pubfields:
+            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: ed25519 field mismatch")
+        private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(secret)
+        return private_key, data
+
+    def encode_public(
+        self, public_key: ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey, f_pub: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write Ed25519 public key"""
+        raw_public_key = public_key.public_bytes(
+            Encoding.Raw, PublicFormat.Raw
+        )
+        f_pub.put_sshstr(raw_public_key)
+
+    def encode_private(
+        self, private_key: ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey, f_priv: _FragList
+    ) -> None:
+        """Write Ed25519 private key"""
+        public_key = private_key.public_key()
+        raw_private_key = private_key.private_bytes(
+            Encoding.Raw, PrivateFormat.Raw, NoEncryption()
+        )
+        raw_public_key = public_key.public_bytes(
+            Encoding.Raw, PublicFormat.Raw
+        )
+        f_keypair = _FragList([raw_private_key, raw_public_key])
+
+        self.encode_public(public_key, f_priv)
+        f_priv.put_sshstr(f_keypair)
+
+
+def load_application(data) -> tuple[memoryview, memoryview]:
+    """
+    U2F application strings
+    """
+    application, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    if not application.tobytes().startswith(b"ssh:"):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "U2F application string does not start with b'ssh:' "
+            f"({application})"
+        )
+    return application, data
+
+
+class _SSHFormatSKEd25519:
+    """
+    The format of a sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com public key is:
+
+        string		"sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com"
+        string		public key
+        string		application (user-specified, but typically "ssh:")
+    """
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make Ed25519 public key from data."""
+        public_key, data = _lookup_kformat(_SSH_ED25519).load_public(data)
+        _, data = load_application(data)
+        return public_key, data
+
+
+class _SSHFormatSKECDSA:
+    """
+    The format of a sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com public key is:
+
+        string		"sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com"
+        string		curve name
+        ec_point	Q
+        string		application (user-specified, but typically "ssh:")
+    """
+
+    def load_public(
+        self, data: memoryview
+    ) -> tuple[ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey, memoryview]:
+        """Make ECDSA public key from data."""
+        public_key, data = _lookup_kformat(_ECDSA_NISTP256).load_public(data)
+        _, data = load_application(data)
+        return public_key, data
+
+
+_KEY_FORMATS = {
+    _SSH_RSA: _SSHFormatRSA(),
+    _SSH_DSA: _SSHFormatDSA(),
+    _SSH_ED25519: _SSHFormatEd25519(),
+    _ECDSA_NISTP256: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp256", ec.SECP256R1()),
+    _ECDSA_NISTP384: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp384", ec.SECP384R1()),
+    _ECDSA_NISTP521: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp521", ec.SECP521R1()),
+    _SK_SSH_ED25519: _SSHFormatSKEd25519(),
+    _SK_SSH_ECDSA_NISTP256: _SSHFormatSKECDSA(),
+}
+
+
+def _lookup_kformat(key_type: bytes):
+    """Return valid format or throw error"""
+    if not isinstance(key_type, bytes):
+        key_type = memoryview(key_type).tobytes()
+    if key_type in _KEY_FORMATS:
+        return _KEY_FORMATS[key_type]
+    raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(f"Unsupported key type: {key_type!r}")
+
+
+SSHPrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+]
+
+
+def load_ssh_private_key(
+    data: bytes,
+    password: bytes | None,
+    backend: typing.Any = None,
+) -> SSHPrivateKeyTypes:
+    """Load private key from OpenSSH custom encoding."""
+    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)
+    if password is not None:
+        utils._check_bytes("password", password)
+
+    m = _PEM_RC.search(data)
+    if not m:
+        raise ValueError("Not OpenSSH private key format")
+    p1 = m.start(1)
+    p2 = m.end(1)
+    data = binascii.a2b_base64(memoryview(data)[p1:p2])
+    if not data.startswith(_SK_MAGIC):
+        raise ValueError("Not OpenSSH private key format")
+    data = memoryview(data)[len(_SK_MAGIC) :]
+
+    # parse header
+    ciphername, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    kdfname, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    kdfoptions, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    nkeys, data = _get_u32(data)
+    if nkeys != 1:
+        raise ValueError("Only one key supported")
+
+    # load public key data
+    pubdata, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+    pub_key_type, pubdata = _get_sshstr(pubdata)
+    kformat = _lookup_kformat(pub_key_type)
+    pubfields, pubdata = kformat.get_public(pubdata)
+    _check_empty(pubdata)
+
+    if (ciphername, kdfname) != (_NONE, _NONE):
+        ciphername_bytes = ciphername.tobytes()
+        if ciphername_bytes not in _SSH_CIPHERS:
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                f"Unsupported cipher: {ciphername_bytes!r}"
+            )
+        if kdfname != _BCRYPT:
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(f"Unsupported KDF: {kdfname!r}")
+        blklen = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername_bytes].block_len
+        tag_len = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername_bytes].tag_len
+        # load secret data
+        edata, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+        # see https://bugzilla.mindrot.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3553 for
+        # information about how OpenSSH handles AEAD tags
+        if _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername_bytes].is_aead:
+            tag = bytes(data)
+            if len(tag) != tag_len:
+                raise ValueError("Corrupt data: invalid tag length for cipher")
+        else:
+            _check_empty(data)
+        _check_block_size(edata, blklen)
+        salt, kbuf = _get_sshstr(kdfoptions)
+        rounds, kbuf = _get_u32(kbuf)
+        _check_empty(kbuf)
+        ciph = _init_cipher(ciphername_bytes, password, salt.tobytes(), rounds)
+        dec = ciph.decryptor()
+        edata = memoryview(dec.update(edata))
+        if _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername_bytes].is_aead:
+            assert isinstance(dec, AEADDecryptionContext)
+            _check_empty(dec.finalize_with_tag(tag))
+        else:
+            # _check_block_size requires data to be a full block so there
+            # should be no output from finalize
+            _check_empty(dec.finalize())
+    else:
+        # load secret data
+        edata, data = _get_sshstr(data)
+        _check_empty(data)
+        blklen = 8
+        _check_block_size(edata, blklen)
+    ck1, edata = _get_u32(edata)
+    ck2, edata = _get_u32(edata)
+    if ck1 != ck2:
+        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: broken checksum")
+
+    # load per-key struct
+    key_type, edata = _get_sshstr(edata)
+    if key_type != pub_key_type:
+        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: key type mismatch")
+    private_key, edata = kformat.load_private(edata, pubfields)
+    # We don't use the comment
+    _, edata = _get_sshstr(edata)
+
+    # yes, SSH does padding check *after* all other parsing is done.
+    # need to follow as it writes zero-byte padding too.
+    if edata != _PADDING[: len(edata)]:
+        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: invalid padding")
+
+    if isinstance(private_key, dsa.DSAPrivateKey):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "SSH DSA keys are deprecated and will be removed in a future "
+            "release.",
+            utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return private_key
+
+
+def _serialize_ssh_private_key(
+    private_key: SSHPrivateKeyTypes,
+    password: bytes,
+    encryption_algorithm: KeySerializationEncryption,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Serialize private key with OpenSSH custom encoding."""
+    utils._check_bytes("password", password)
+    if isinstance(private_key, dsa.DSAPrivateKey):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "SSH DSA key support is deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in a future release",
+            utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+            stacklevel=4,
+        )
+
+    key_type = _get_ssh_key_type(private_key)
+    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)
+
+    # setup parameters
+    f_kdfoptions = _FragList()
+    if password:
+        ciphername = _DEFAULT_CIPHER
+        blklen = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername].block_len
+        kdfname = _BCRYPT
+        rounds = _DEFAULT_ROUNDS
+        if (
+            isinstance(encryption_algorithm, _KeySerializationEncryption)
+            and encryption_algorithm._kdf_rounds is not None
+        ):
+            rounds = encryption_algorithm._kdf_rounds
+        salt = os.urandom(16)
+        f_kdfoptions.put_sshstr(salt)
+        f_kdfoptions.put_u32(rounds)
+        ciph = _init_cipher(ciphername, password, salt, rounds)
+    else:
+        ciphername = kdfname = _NONE
+        blklen = 8
+        ciph = None
+    nkeys = 1
+    checkval = os.urandom(4)
+    comment = b""
+
+    # encode public and private parts together
+    f_public_key = _FragList()
+    f_public_key.put_sshstr(key_type)
+    kformat.encode_public(private_key.public_key(), f_public_key)
+
+    f_secrets = _FragList([checkval, checkval])
+    f_secrets.put_sshstr(key_type)
+    kformat.encode_private(private_key, f_secrets)
+    f_secrets.put_sshstr(comment)
+    f_secrets.put_raw(_PADDING[: blklen - (f_secrets.size() % blklen)])
+
+    # top-level structure
+    f_main = _FragList()
+    f_main.put_raw(_SK_MAGIC)
+    f_main.put_sshstr(ciphername)
+    f_main.put_sshstr(kdfname)
+    f_main.put_sshstr(f_kdfoptions)
+    f_main.put_u32(nkeys)
+    f_main.put_sshstr(f_public_key)
+    f_main.put_sshstr(f_secrets)
+
+    # copy result info bytearray
+    slen = f_secrets.size()
+    mlen = f_main.size()
+    buf = memoryview(bytearray(mlen + blklen))
+    f_main.render(buf)
+    ofs = mlen - slen
+
+    # encrypt in-place
+    if ciph is not None:
+        ciph.encryptor().update_into(buf[ofs:mlen], buf[ofs:])
+
+    return _ssh_pem_encode(buf[:mlen])
+
+
+SSHPublicKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    dsa.DSAPublicKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+]
+
+SSHCertPublicKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+]
+
+
+class SSHCertificateType(enum.Enum):
+    USER = 1
+    HOST = 2
+
+
+class SSHCertificate:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        _nonce: memoryview,
+        _public_key: SSHPublicKeyTypes,
+        _serial: int,
+        _cctype: int,
+        _key_id: memoryview,
+        _valid_principals: list[bytes],
+        _valid_after: int,
+        _valid_before: int,
+        _critical_options: dict[bytes, bytes],
+        _extensions: dict[bytes, bytes],
+        _sig_type: memoryview,
+        _sig_key: memoryview,
+        _inner_sig_type: memoryview,
+        _signature: memoryview,
+        _tbs_cert_body: memoryview,
+        _cert_key_type: bytes,
+        _cert_body: memoryview,
+    ):
+        self._nonce = _nonce
+        self._public_key = _public_key
+        self._serial = _serial
+        try:
+            self._type = SSHCertificateType(_cctype)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid certificate type")
+        self._key_id = _key_id
+        self._valid_principals = _valid_principals
+        self._valid_after = _valid_after
+        self._valid_before = _valid_before
+        self._critical_options = _critical_options
+        self._extensions = _extensions
+        self._sig_type = _sig_type
+        self._sig_key = _sig_key
+        self._inner_sig_type = _inner_sig_type
+        self._signature = _signature
+        self._cert_key_type = _cert_key_type
+        self._cert_body = _cert_body
+        self._tbs_cert_body = _tbs_cert_body
+
+    @property
+    def nonce(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self._nonce)
+
+    def public_key(self) -> SSHCertPublicKeyTypes:
+        # make mypy happy until we remove DSA support entirely and
+        # the underlying union won't have a disallowed type
+        return typing.cast(SSHCertPublicKeyTypes, self._public_key)
+
+    @property
+    def serial(self) -> int:
+        return self._serial
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> SSHCertificateType:
+        return self._type
+
+    @property
+    def key_id(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self._key_id)
+
+    @property
+    def valid_principals(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        return self._valid_principals
+
+    @property
+    def valid_before(self) -> int:
+        return self._valid_before
+
+    @property
+    def valid_after(self) -> int:
+        return self._valid_after
+
+    @property
+    def critical_options(self) -> dict[bytes, bytes]:
+        return self._critical_options
+
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> dict[bytes, bytes]:
+        return self._extensions
+
+    def signature_key(self) -> SSHCertPublicKeyTypes:
+        sigformat = _lookup_kformat(self._sig_type)
+        signature_key, sigkey_rest = sigformat.load_public(self._sig_key)
+        _check_empty(sigkey_rest)
+        return signature_key
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return (
+            bytes(self._cert_key_type)
+            + b" "
+            + binascii.b2a_base64(bytes(self._cert_body), newline=False)
+        )
+
+    def verify_cert_signature(self) -> None:
+        signature_key = self.signature_key()
+        if isinstance(signature_key, ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey):
+            signature_key.verify(
+                bytes(self._signature), bytes(self._tbs_cert_body)
+            )
+        elif isinstance(signature_key, ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey):
+            # The signature is encoded as a pair of big-endian integers
+            r, data = _get_mpint(self._signature)
+            s, data = _get_mpint(data)
+            _check_empty(data)
+            computed_sig = asym_utils.encode_dss_signature(r, s)
+            hash_alg = _get_ec_hash_alg(signature_key.curve)
+            signature_key.verify(
+                computed_sig, bytes(self._tbs_cert_body), ec.ECDSA(hash_alg)
+            )
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(signature_key, rsa.RSAPublicKey)
+            if self._inner_sig_type == _SSH_RSA:
+                hash_alg = hashes.SHA1()
+            elif self._inner_sig_type == _SSH_RSA_SHA256:
+                hash_alg = hashes.SHA256()
+            else:
+                assert self._inner_sig_type == _SSH_RSA_SHA512
+                hash_alg = hashes.SHA512()
+            signature_key.verify(
+                bytes(self._signature),
+                bytes(self._tbs_cert_body),
+                padding.PKCS1v15(),
+                hash_alg,
+            )
+
+
+def _get_ec_hash_alg(curve: ec.EllipticCurve) -> hashes.HashAlgorithm:
+    if isinstance(curve, ec.SECP256R1):
+        return hashes.SHA256()
+    elif isinstance(curve, ec.SECP384R1):
+        return hashes.SHA384()
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(curve, ec.SECP521R1)
+        return hashes.SHA512()
+
+
+def _load_ssh_public_identity(
+    data: bytes,
+    _legacy_dsa_allowed=False,
+) -> SSHCertificate | SSHPublicKeyTypes:
+    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)
+
+    m = _SSH_PUBKEY_RC.match(data)
+    if not m:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid line format")
+    key_type = orig_key_type = m.group(1)
+    key_body = m.group(2)
+    with_cert = False
+    if key_type.endswith(_CERT_SUFFIX):
+        with_cert = True
+        key_type = key_type[: -len(_CERT_SUFFIX)]
+    if key_type == _SSH_DSA and not _legacy_dsa_allowed:
+        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+            "DSA keys aren't supported in SSH certificates"
+        )
+    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)
+
+    try:
+        rest = memoryview(binascii.a2b_base64(key_body))
+    except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid format")
+
+    if with_cert:
+        cert_body = rest
+    inner_key_type, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+    if inner_key_type != orig_key_type:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid key format")
+    if with_cert:
+        nonce, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+    public_key, rest = kformat.load_public(rest)
+    if with_cert:
+        serial, rest = _get_u64(rest)
+        cctype, rest = _get_u32(rest)
+        key_id, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        principals, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        valid_principals = []
+        while principals:
+            principal, principals = _get_sshstr(principals)
+            valid_principals.append(bytes(principal))
+        valid_after, rest = _get_u64(rest)
+        valid_before, rest = _get_u64(rest)
+        crit_options, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        critical_options = _parse_exts_opts(crit_options)
+        exts, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        extensions = _parse_exts_opts(exts)
+        # Get the reserved field, which is unused.
+        _, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        sig_key_raw, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        sig_type, sig_key = _get_sshstr(sig_key_raw)
+        if sig_type == _SSH_DSA and not _legacy_dsa_allowed:
+            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(
+                "DSA signatures aren't supported in SSH certificates"
+            )
+        # Get the entire cert body and subtract the signature
+        tbs_cert_body = cert_body[: -len(rest)]
+        signature_raw, rest = _get_sshstr(rest)
+        _check_empty(rest)
+        inner_sig_type, sig_rest = _get_sshstr(signature_raw)
+        # RSA certs can have multiple algorithm types
+        if (
+            sig_type == _SSH_RSA
+            and inner_sig_type
+            not in [_SSH_RSA_SHA256, _SSH_RSA_SHA512, _SSH_RSA]
+        ) or (sig_type != _SSH_RSA and inner_sig_type != sig_type):
+            raise ValueError("Signature key type does not match")
+        signature, sig_rest = _get_sshstr(sig_rest)
+        _check_empty(sig_rest)
+        return SSHCertificate(
+            nonce,
+            public_key,
+            serial,
+            cctype,
+            key_id,
+            valid_principals,
+            valid_after,
+            valid_before,
+            critical_options,
+            extensions,
+            sig_type,
+            sig_key,
+            inner_sig_type,
+            signature,
+            tbs_cert_body,
+            orig_key_type,
+            cert_body,
+        )
+    else:
+        _check_empty(rest)
+        return public_key
+
+
+def load_ssh_public_identity(
+    data: bytes,
+) -> SSHCertificate | SSHPublicKeyTypes:
+    return _load_ssh_public_identity(data)
+
+
+def _parse_exts_opts(exts_opts: memoryview) -> dict[bytes, bytes]:
+    result: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+    last_name = None
+    while exts_opts:
+        name, exts_opts = _get_sshstr(exts_opts)
+        bname: bytes = bytes(name)
+        if bname in result:
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate name")
+        if last_name is not None and bname < last_name:
+            raise ValueError("Fields not lexically sorted")
+        value, exts_opts = _get_sshstr(exts_opts)
+        if len(value) > 0:
+            value, extra = _get_sshstr(value)
+            if len(extra) > 0:
+                raise ValueError("Unexpected extra data after value")
+        result[bname] = bytes(value)
+        last_name = bname
+    return result
+
+
+def load_ssh_public_key(
+    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
+) -> SSHPublicKeyTypes:
+    cert_or_key = _load_ssh_public_identity(data, _legacy_dsa_allowed=True)
+    public_key: SSHPublicKeyTypes
+    if isinstance(cert_or_key, SSHCertificate):
+        public_key = cert_or_key.public_key()
+    else:
+        public_key = cert_or_key
+
+    if isinstance(public_key, dsa.DSAPublicKey):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "SSH DSA keys are deprecated and will be removed in a future "
+            "release.",
+            utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    return public_key
+
+
+def serialize_ssh_public_key(public_key: SSHPublicKeyTypes) -> bytes:
+    """One-line public key format for OpenSSH"""
+    if isinstance(public_key, dsa.DSAPublicKey):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "SSH DSA key support is deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in a future release",
+            utils.DeprecatedIn40,
+            stacklevel=4,
+        )
+    key_type = _get_ssh_key_type(public_key)
+    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)
+
+    f_pub = _FragList()
+    f_pub.put_sshstr(key_type)
+    kformat.encode_public(public_key, f_pub)
+
+    pub = binascii.b2a_base64(f_pub.tobytes()).strip()
+    return b"".join([key_type, b" ", pub])
+
+
+SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes = typing.Union[
+    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+]
+
+
+# This is an undocumented limit enforced in the openssh codebase for sshd and
+# ssh-keygen, but it is undefined in the ssh certificates spec.
+_SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS = 256
+
+
+class SSHCertificateBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        _public_key: SSHCertPublicKeyTypes | None = None,
+        _serial: int | None = None,
+        _type: SSHCertificateType | None = None,
+        _key_id: bytes | None = None,
+        _valid_principals: list[bytes] = [],
+        _valid_for_all_principals: bool = False,
+        _valid_before: int | None = None,
+        _valid_after: int | None = None,
+        _critical_options: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [],
+        _extensions: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [],
+    ):
+        self._public_key = _public_key
+        self._serial = _serial
+        self._type = _type
+        self._key_id = _key_id
+        self._valid_principals = _valid_principals
+        self._valid_for_all_principals = _valid_for_all_principals
+        self._valid_before = _valid_before
+        self._valid_after = _valid_after
+        self._critical_options = _critical_options
+        self._extensions = _extensions
+
+    def public_key(
+        self, public_key: SSHCertPublicKeyTypes
+    ) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(
+            public_key,
+            (
+                ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+                rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+                ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("Unsupported key type")
+        if self._public_key is not None:
+            raise ValueError("public_key already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def serial(self, serial: int) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(serial, int):
+            raise TypeError("serial must be an integer")
+        if not 0 <= serial < 2**64:
+            raise ValueError("serial must be between 0 and 2**64")
+        if self._serial is not None:
+            raise ValueError("serial already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def type(self, type: SSHCertificateType) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(type, SSHCertificateType):
+            raise TypeError("type must be an SSHCertificateType")
+        if self._type is not None:
+            raise ValueError("type already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def key_id(self, key_id: bytes) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(key_id, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("key_id must be bytes")
+        if self._key_id is not None:
+            raise ValueError("key_id already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def valid_principals(
+        self, valid_principals: list[bytes]
+    ) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if self._valid_for_all_principals:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Principals can't be set because the cert is valid "
+                "for all principals"
+            )
+        if (
+            not all(isinstance(x, bytes) for x in valid_principals)
+            or not valid_principals
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "principals must be a list of bytes and can't be empty"
+            )
+        if self._valid_principals:
+            raise ValueError("valid_principals already set")
+
+        if len(valid_principals) > _SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Reached or exceeded the maximum number of valid_principals"
+            )
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def valid_for_all_principals(self):
+        if self._valid_principals:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "valid_principals already set, can't set "
+                "valid_for_all_principals"
+            )
+        if self._valid_for_all_principals:
+            raise ValueError("valid_for_all_principals already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=True,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def valid_before(self, valid_before: int | float) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(valid_before, (int, float)):
+            raise TypeError("valid_before must be an int or float")
+        valid_before = int(valid_before)
+        if valid_before < 0 or valid_before >= 2**64:
+            raise ValueError("valid_before must [0, 2**64)")
+        if self._valid_before is not None:
+            raise ValueError("valid_before already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def valid_after(self, valid_after: int | float) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(valid_after, (int, float)):
+            raise TypeError("valid_after must be an int or float")
+        valid_after = int(valid_after)
+        if valid_after < 0 or valid_after >= 2**64:
+            raise ValueError("valid_after must [0, 2**64)")
+        if self._valid_after is not None:
+            raise ValueError("valid_after already set")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def add_critical_option(
+        self, name: bytes, value: bytes
+    ) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(name, bytes) or not isinstance(value, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("name and value must be bytes")
+        # This is O(n**2)
+        if name in [name for name, _ in self._critical_options]:
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate critical option name")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=[*self._critical_options, (name, value)],
+            _extensions=self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, name: bytes, value: bytes
+    ) -> SSHCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(name, bytes) or not isinstance(value, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("name and value must be bytes")
+        # This is O(n**2)
+        if name in [name for name, _ in self._extensions]:
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate extension name")
+
+        return SSHCertificateBuilder(
+            _public_key=self._public_key,
+            _serial=self._serial,
+            _type=self._type,
+            _key_id=self._key_id,
+            _valid_principals=self._valid_principals,
+            _valid_for_all_principals=self._valid_for_all_principals,
+            _valid_before=self._valid_before,
+            _valid_after=self._valid_after,
+            _critical_options=self._critical_options,
+            _extensions=[*self._extensions, (name, value)],
+        )
+
+    def sign(self, private_key: SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes) -> SSHCertificate:
+        if not isinstance(
+            private_key,
+            (
+                ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+                rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
+                ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("Unsupported private key type")
+
+        if self._public_key is None:
+            raise ValueError("public_key must be set")
+
+        # Not required
+        serial = 0 if self._serial is None else self._serial
+
+        if self._type is None:
+            raise ValueError("type must be set")
+
+        # Not required
+        key_id = b"" if self._key_id is None else self._key_id
+
+        # A zero length list is valid, but means the certificate
+        # is valid for any principal of the specified type. We require
+        # the user to explicitly set valid_for_all_principals to get
+        # that behavior.
+        if not self._valid_principals and not self._valid_for_all_principals:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "valid_principals must be set if valid_for_all_principals "
+                "is False"
+            )
+
+        if self._valid_before is None:
+            raise ValueError("valid_before must be set")
+
+        if self._valid_after is None:
+            raise ValueError("valid_after must be set")
+
+        if self._valid_after > self._valid_before:
+            raise ValueError("valid_after must be earlier than valid_before")
+
+        # lexically sort our byte strings
+        self._critical_options.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+        self._extensions.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+
+        key_type = _get_ssh_key_type(self._public_key)
+        cert_prefix = key_type + _CERT_SUFFIX
+
+        # Marshal the bytes to be signed
+        nonce = os.urandom(32)
+        kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)
+        f = _FragList()
+        f.put_sshstr(cert_prefix)
+        f.put_sshstr(nonce)
+        kformat.encode_public(self._public_key, f)
+        f.put_u64(serial)
+        f.put_u32(self._type.value)
+        f.put_sshstr(key_id)
+        fprincipals = _FragList()
+        for p in self._valid_principals:
+            fprincipals.put_sshstr(p)
+        f.put_sshstr(fprincipals.tobytes())
+        f.put_u64(self._valid_after)
+        f.put_u64(self._valid_before)
+        fcrit = _FragList()
+        for name, value in self._critical_options:
+            fcrit.put_sshstr(name)
+            if len(value) > 0:
+                foptval = _FragList()
+                foptval.put_sshstr(value)
+                fcrit.put_sshstr(foptval.tobytes())
+            else:
+                fcrit.put_sshstr(value)
+        f.put_sshstr(fcrit.tobytes())
+        fext = _FragList()
+        for name, value in self._extensions:
+            fext.put_sshstr(name)
+            if len(value) > 0:
+                fextval = _FragList()
+                fextval.put_sshstr(value)
+                fext.put_sshstr(fextval.tobytes())
+            else:
+                fext.put_sshstr(value)
+        f.put_sshstr(fext.tobytes())
+        f.put_sshstr(b"")  # RESERVED FIELD
+        # encode CA public key
+        ca_type = _get_ssh_key_type(private_key)
+        caformat = _lookup_kformat(ca_type)
+        caf = _FragList()
+        caf.put_sshstr(ca_type)
+        caformat.encode_public(private_key.public_key(), caf)
+        f.put_sshstr(caf.tobytes())
+        # Sigs according to the rules defined for the CA's public key
+        # (RFC4253 section 6.6 for ssh-rsa, RFC5656 for ECDSA,
+        # and RFC8032 for Ed25519).
+        if isinstance(private_key, ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey):
+            signature = private_key.sign(f.tobytes())
+            fsig = _FragList()
+            fsig.put_sshstr(ca_type)
+            fsig.put_sshstr(signature)
+            f.put_sshstr(fsig.tobytes())
+        elif isinstance(private_key, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey):
+            hash_alg = _get_ec_hash_alg(private_key.curve)
+            signature = private_key.sign(f.tobytes(), ec.ECDSA(hash_alg))
+            r, s = asym_utils.decode_dss_signature(signature)
+            fsig = _FragList()
+            fsig.put_sshstr(ca_type)
+            fsigblob = _FragList()
+            fsigblob.put_mpint(r)
+            fsigblob.put_mpint(s)
+            fsig.put_sshstr(fsigblob.tobytes())
+            f.put_sshstr(fsig.tobytes())
+
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey)
+            # Just like Golang, we're going to use SHA512 for RSA
+            # https://cs.opensource.google/go/x/crypto/+/refs/tags/
+            # v0.4.0:ssh/certs.go;l=445
+            # RFC 8332 defines SHA256 and 512 as options
+            fsig = _FragList()
+            fsig.put_sshstr(_SSH_RSA_SHA512)
+            signature = private_key.sign(
+                f.tobytes(), padding.PKCS1v15(), hashes.SHA512()
+            )
+            fsig.put_sshstr(signature)
+            f.put_sshstr(fsig.tobytes())
+
+        cert_data = binascii.b2a_base64(f.tobytes()).strip()
+        # load_ssh_public_identity returns a union, but this is
+        # guaranteed to be an SSHCertificate, so we cast to make
+        # mypy happy.
+        return typing.cast(
+            SSHCertificate,
+            load_ssh_public_identity(b"".join([cert_prefix, b" ", cert_data])),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1af423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+class InvalidToken(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/hotp.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/hotp.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..25c7e66
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/totp.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__pycache__/totp.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..fe65116
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/hotp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/hotp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..855a5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/hotp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import quote, urlencode
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, hmac
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import SHA1, SHA256, SHA512
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor import InvalidToken
+
+HOTPHashTypes = typing.Union[SHA1, SHA256, SHA512]
+
+
+def _generate_uri(
+    hotp: HOTP,
+    type_name: str,
+    account_name: str,
+    issuer: str | None,
+    extra_parameters: list[tuple[str, int]],
+) -> str:
+    parameters = [
+        ("digits", hotp._length),
+        ("secret", base64.b32encode(hotp._key)),
+        ("algorithm", hotp._algorithm.name.upper()),
+    ]
+
+    if issuer is not None:
+        parameters.append(("issuer", issuer))
+
+    parameters.extend(extra_parameters)
+
+    label = (
+        f"{quote(issuer)}:{quote(account_name)}"
+        if issuer
+        else quote(account_name)
+    )
+    return f"otpauth://{type_name}/{label}?{urlencode(parameters)}"
+
+
+class HOTP:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: bytes,
+        length: int,
+        algorithm: HOTPHashTypes,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        enforce_key_length: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if len(key) < 16 and enforce_key_length is True:
+            raise ValueError("Key length has to be at least 128 bits.")
+
+        if not isinstance(length, int):
+            raise TypeError("Length parameter must be an integer type.")
+
+        if length < 6 or length > 8:
+            raise ValueError("Length of HOTP has to be between 6 and 8.")
+
+        if not isinstance(algorithm, (SHA1, SHA256, SHA512)):
+            raise TypeError("Algorithm must be SHA1, SHA256 or SHA512.")
+
+        self._key = key
+        self._length = length
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+
+    def generate(self, counter: int) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(counter, int):
+            raise TypeError("Counter parameter must be an integer type.")
+
+        truncated_value = self._dynamic_truncate(counter)
+        hotp = truncated_value % (10**self._length)
+        return "{0:0{1}}".format(hotp, self._length).encode()
+
+    def verify(self, hotp: bytes, counter: int) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.generate(counter), hotp):
+            raise InvalidToken("Supplied HOTP value does not match.")
+
+    def _dynamic_truncate(self, counter: int) -> int:
+        ctx = hmac.HMAC(self._key, self._algorithm)
+
+        try:
+            ctx.update(counter.to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="big"))
+        except OverflowError:
+            raise ValueError(f"Counter must be between 0 and {2 ** 64 - 1}.")
+
+        hmac_value = ctx.finalize()
+
+        offset = hmac_value[len(hmac_value) - 1] & 0b1111
+        p = hmac_value[offset : offset + 4]
+        return int.from_bytes(p, byteorder="big") & 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+    def get_provisioning_uri(
+        self, account_name: str, counter: int, issuer: str | None
+    ) -> str:
+        return _generate_uri(
+            self, "hotp", account_name, issuer, [("counter", int(counter))]
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/totp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/totp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9ed734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/totp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor import InvalidToken
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp import (
+    HOTP,
+    HOTPHashTypes,
+    _generate_uri,
+)
+
+
+class TOTP:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: bytes,
+        length: int,
+        algorithm: HOTPHashTypes,
+        time_step: int,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        enforce_key_length: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self._time_step = time_step
+        self._hotp = HOTP(
+            key, length, algorithm, enforce_key_length=enforce_key_length
+        )
+
+    def generate(self, time: int | float) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(time, (int, float)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Time parameter must be an integer type or float type."
+            )
+
+        counter = int(time / self._time_step)
+        return self._hotp.generate(counter)
+
+    def verify(self, totp: bytes, time: int) -> None:
+        if not constant_time.bytes_eq(self.generate(time), totp):
+            raise InvalidToken("Supplied TOTP value does not match.")
+
+    def get_provisioning_uri(
+        self, account_name: str, issuer: str | None
+    ) -> str:
+        return _generate_uri(
+            self._hotp,
+            "totp",
+            account_name,
+            issuer,
+            [("period", int(self._time_step))],
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..706d0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+
+# We use a UserWarning subclass, instead of DeprecationWarning, because CPython
+# decided deprecation warnings should be invisible by default.
+class CryptographyDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
+    pass
+
+
+# Several APIs were deprecated with no specific end-of-life date because of the
+# ubiquity of their use. They should not be removed until we agree on when that
+# cycle ends.
+DeprecatedIn36 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+DeprecatedIn37 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+DeprecatedIn40 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+DeprecatedIn41 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+DeprecatedIn42 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+DeprecatedIn43 = CryptographyDeprecationWarning
+
+
+def _check_bytes(name: str, value: bytes) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(value, bytes):
+        raise TypeError(f"{name} must be bytes")
+
+
+def _check_byteslike(name: str, value: bytes) -> None:
+    try:
+        memoryview(value)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"{name} must be bytes-like")
+
+
+def int_to_bytes(integer: int, length: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+    if length == 0:
+        raise ValueError("length argument can't be 0")
+    return integer.to_bytes(
+        length or (integer.bit_length() + 7) // 8 or 1, "big"
+    )
+
+
+class InterfaceNotImplemented(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class _DeprecatedValue:
+    def __init__(self, value: object, message: str, warning_class):
+        self.value = value
+        self.message = message
+        self.warning_class = warning_class
+
+
+class _ModuleWithDeprecations(types.ModuleType):
+    def __init__(self, module: types.ModuleType):
+        super().__init__(module.__name__)
+        self.__dict__["_module"] = module
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> object:
+        obj = getattr(self._module, attr)
+        if isinstance(obj, _DeprecatedValue):
+            warnings.warn(obj.message, obj.warning_class, stacklevel=2)
+            obj = obj.value
+        return obj
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr: str, value: object) -> None:
+        setattr(self._module, attr, value)
+
+    def __delattr__(self, attr: str) -> None:
+        obj = getattr(self._module, attr)
+        if isinstance(obj, _DeprecatedValue):
+            warnings.warn(obj.message, obj.warning_class, stacklevel=2)
+
+        delattr(self._module, attr)
+
+    def __dir__(self) -> typing.Sequence[str]:
+        return ["_module", *dir(self._module)]
+
+
+def deprecated(
+    value: object,
+    module_name: str,
+    message: str,
+    warning_class: type[Warning],
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> _DeprecatedValue:
+    module = sys.modules[module_name]
+    if not isinstance(module, _ModuleWithDeprecations):
+        sys.modules[module_name] = module = _ModuleWithDeprecations(module)
+    dv = _DeprecatedValue(value, message, warning_class)
+    # Maintain backwards compatibility with `name is None` for pyOpenSSL.
+    if name is not None:
+        setattr(module, name, dv)
+    return dv
+
+
+def cached_property(func: typing.Callable) -> property:
+    cached_name = f"_cached_{func}"
+    sentinel = object()
+
+    def inner(instance: object):
+        cache = getattr(instance, cached_name, sentinel)
+        if cache is not sentinel:
+            return cache
+        result = func(instance)
+        setattr(instance, cached_name, result)
+        return result
+
+    return property(inner)
+
+
+# Python 3.10 changed representation of enums. We use well-defined object
+# representation and string representation from Python 3.9.
+class Enum(enum.Enum):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}.{self._name_}: {self._value_!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{self._name_}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a89d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.x509 import certificate_transparency, verification
+from cryptography.x509.base import (
+    Attribute,
+    AttributeNotFound,
+    Attributes,
+    Certificate,
+    CertificateBuilder,
+    CertificateRevocationList,
+    CertificateRevocationListBuilder,
+    CertificateSigningRequest,
+    CertificateSigningRequestBuilder,
+    InvalidVersion,
+    RevokedCertificate,
+    RevokedCertificateBuilder,
+    Version,
+    load_der_x509_certificate,
+    load_der_x509_crl,
+    load_der_x509_csr,
+    load_pem_x509_certificate,
+    load_pem_x509_certificates,
+    load_pem_x509_crl,
+    load_pem_x509_csr,
+    random_serial_number,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.extensions import (
+    AccessDescription,
+    Admission,
+    Admissions,
+    AuthorityInformationAccess,
+    AuthorityKeyIdentifier,
+    BasicConstraints,
+    CertificateIssuer,
+    CertificatePolicies,
+    CRLDistributionPoints,
+    CRLNumber,
+    CRLReason,
+    DeltaCRLIndicator,
+    DistributionPoint,
+    DuplicateExtension,
+    ExtendedKeyUsage,
+    Extension,
+    ExtensionNotFound,
+    Extensions,
+    ExtensionType,
+    FreshestCRL,
+    GeneralNames,
+    InhibitAnyPolicy,
+    InvalidityDate,
+    IssuerAlternativeName,
+    IssuingDistributionPoint,
+    KeyUsage,
+    MSCertificateTemplate,
+    NameConstraints,
+    NamingAuthority,
+    NoticeReference,
+    OCSPAcceptableResponses,
+    OCSPNoCheck,
+    OCSPNonce,
+    PolicyConstraints,
+    PolicyInformation,
+    PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps,
+    PrecertPoison,
+    ProfessionInfo,
+    ReasonFlags,
+    SignedCertificateTimestamps,
+    SubjectAlternativeName,
+    SubjectInformationAccess,
+    SubjectKeyIdentifier,
+    TLSFeature,
+    TLSFeatureType,
+    UnrecognizedExtension,
+    UserNotice,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.general_name import (
+    DirectoryName,
+    DNSName,
+    GeneralName,
+    IPAddress,
+    OtherName,
+    RegisteredID,
+    RFC822Name,
+    UniformResourceIdentifier,
+    UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.name import (
+    Name,
+    NameAttribute,
+    RelativeDistinguishedName,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.oid import (
+    AuthorityInformationAccessOID,
+    CertificatePoliciesOID,
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID,
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID,
+    ExtensionOID,
+    NameOID,
+    ObjectIdentifier,
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID,
+)
+
+OID_AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS = ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
+OID_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER = ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
+OID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS = ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
+OID_CERTIFICATE_POLICIES = ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
+OID_CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS = ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
+OID_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE = ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE
+OID_FRESHEST_CRL = ExtensionOID.FRESHEST_CRL
+OID_INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY = ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY
+OID_ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME = ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
+OID_KEY_USAGE = ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE
+OID_NAME_CONSTRAINTS = ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
+OID_OCSP_NO_CHECK = ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK
+OID_POLICY_CONSTRAINTS = ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS
+OID_POLICY_MAPPINGS = ExtensionOID.POLICY_MAPPINGS
+OID_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
+OID_SUBJECT_DIRECTORY_ATTRIBUTES = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_DIRECTORY_ATTRIBUTES
+OID_SUBJECT_INFORMATION_ACCESS = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_INFORMATION_ACCESS
+OID_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
+
+OID_DSA_WITH_SHA1 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA1
+OID_DSA_WITH_SHA224 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA224
+OID_DSA_WITH_SHA256 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.DSA_WITH_SHA256
+OID_ECDSA_WITH_SHA1 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA1
+OID_ECDSA_WITH_SHA224 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA224
+OID_ECDSA_WITH_SHA256 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA256
+OID_ECDSA_WITH_SHA384 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA384
+OID_ECDSA_WITH_SHA512 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.ECDSA_WITH_SHA512
+OID_RSA_WITH_MD5 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_MD5
+OID_RSA_WITH_SHA1 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA1
+OID_RSA_WITH_SHA224 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA224
+OID_RSA_WITH_SHA256 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA256
+OID_RSA_WITH_SHA384 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA384
+OID_RSA_WITH_SHA512 = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSA_WITH_SHA512
+OID_RSASSA_PSS = SignatureAlgorithmOID.RSASSA_PSS
+
+OID_COMMON_NAME = NameOID.COMMON_NAME
+OID_COUNTRY_NAME = NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME
+OID_DOMAIN_COMPONENT = NameOID.DOMAIN_COMPONENT
+OID_DN_QUALIFIER = NameOID.DN_QUALIFIER
+OID_EMAIL_ADDRESS = NameOID.EMAIL_ADDRESS
+OID_GENERATION_QUALIFIER = NameOID.GENERATION_QUALIFIER
+OID_GIVEN_NAME = NameOID.GIVEN_NAME
+OID_LOCALITY_NAME = NameOID.LOCALITY_NAME
+OID_ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME = NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME
+OID_ORGANIZATION_NAME = NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME
+OID_PSEUDONYM = NameOID.PSEUDONYM
+OID_SERIAL_NUMBER = NameOID.SERIAL_NUMBER
+OID_STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME = NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME
+OID_SURNAME = NameOID.SURNAME
+OID_TITLE = NameOID.TITLE
+
+OID_CLIENT_AUTH = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CLIENT_AUTH
+OID_CODE_SIGNING = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CODE_SIGNING
+OID_EMAIL_PROTECTION = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.EMAIL_PROTECTION
+OID_OCSP_SIGNING = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.OCSP_SIGNING
+OID_SERVER_AUTH = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.SERVER_AUTH
+OID_TIME_STAMPING = ExtendedKeyUsageOID.TIME_STAMPING
+
+OID_ANY_POLICY = CertificatePoliciesOID.ANY_POLICY
+OID_CPS_QUALIFIER = CertificatePoliciesOID.CPS_QUALIFIER
+OID_CPS_USER_NOTICE = CertificatePoliciesOID.CPS_USER_NOTICE
+
+OID_CERTIFICATE_ISSUER = CRLEntryExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_ISSUER
+OID_CRL_REASON = CRLEntryExtensionOID.CRL_REASON
+OID_INVALIDITY_DATE = CRLEntryExtensionOID.INVALIDITY_DATE
+
+OID_CA_ISSUERS = AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS
+OID_OCSP = AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP
+
+__all__ = [
+    "OID_CA_ISSUERS",
+    "OID_OCSP",
+    "AccessDescription",
+    "Admission",
+    "Admissions",
+    "Attribute",
+    "AttributeNotFound",
+    "Attributes",
+    "AuthorityInformationAccess",
+    "AuthorityKeyIdentifier",
+    "BasicConstraints",
+    "CRLDistributionPoints",
+    "CRLNumber",
+    "CRLReason",
+    "Certificate",
+    "CertificateBuilder",
+    "CertificateIssuer",
+    "CertificatePolicies",
+    "CertificateRevocationList",
+    "CertificateRevocationListBuilder",
+    "CertificateSigningRequest",
+    "CertificateSigningRequestBuilder",
+    "DNSName",
+    "DeltaCRLIndicator",
+    "DirectoryName",
+    "DistributionPoint",
+    "DuplicateExtension",
+    "ExtendedKeyUsage",
+    "Extension",
+    "ExtensionNotFound",
+    "ExtensionType",
+    "Extensions",
+    "FreshestCRL",
+    "GeneralName",
+    "GeneralNames",
+    "IPAddress",
+    "InhibitAnyPolicy",
+    "InvalidVersion",
+    "InvalidityDate",
+    "IssuerAlternativeName",
+    "IssuingDistributionPoint",
+    "KeyUsage",
+    "MSCertificateTemplate",
+    "Name",
+    "NameAttribute",
+    "NameConstraints",
+    "NameOID",
+    "NamingAuthority",
+    "NoticeReference",
+    "OCSPAcceptableResponses",
+    "OCSPNoCheck",
+    "OCSPNonce",
+    "ObjectIdentifier",
+    "OtherName",
+    "PolicyConstraints",
+    "PolicyInformation",
+    "PrecertPoison",
+    "PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps",
+    "ProfessionInfo",
+    "PublicKeyAlgorithmOID",
+    "RFC822Name",
+    "ReasonFlags",
+    "RegisteredID",
+    "RelativeDistinguishedName",
+    "RevokedCertificate",
+    "RevokedCertificateBuilder",
+    "SignatureAlgorithmOID",
+    "SignedCertificateTimestamps",
+    "SubjectAlternativeName",
+    "SubjectInformationAccess",
+    "SubjectKeyIdentifier",
+    "TLSFeature",
+    "TLSFeatureType",
+    "UniformResourceIdentifier",
+    "UnrecognizedExtension",
+    "UnsupportedGeneralNameType",
+    "UserNotice",
+    "Version",
+    "certificate_transparency",
+    "load_der_x509_certificate",
+    "load_der_x509_crl",
+    "load_der_x509_csr",
+    "load_pem_x509_certificate",
+    "load_pem_x509_certificates",
+    "load_pem_x509_crl",
+    "load_pem_x509_csr",
+    "random_serial_number",
+    "verification",
+    "verification",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25b317a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import datetime
+import os
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import x509 as rust_x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import (
+    dsa,
+    ec,
+    ed448,
+    ed25519,
+    padding,
+    rsa,
+    x448,
+    x25519,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import (
+    CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+    CertificatePublicKeyTypes,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.extensions import (
+    Extension,
+    Extensions,
+    ExtensionType,
+    _make_sequence_methods,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.name import Name, _ASN1Type
+from cryptography.x509.oid import ObjectIdentifier
+
+_EARLIEST_UTC_TIME = datetime.datetime(1950, 1, 1)
+
+# This must be kept in sync with sign.rs's list of allowable types in
+# identify_hash_type
+_AllowedHashTypes = typing.Union[
+    hashes.SHA224,
+    hashes.SHA256,
+    hashes.SHA384,
+    hashes.SHA512,
+    hashes.SHA3_224,
+    hashes.SHA3_256,
+    hashes.SHA3_384,
+    hashes.SHA3_512,
+]
+
+
+class AttributeNotFound(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, oid: ObjectIdentifier) -> None:
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.oid = oid
+
+
+def _reject_duplicate_extension(
+    extension: Extension[ExtensionType],
+    extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]],
+) -> None:
+    # This is quadratic in the number of extensions
+    for e in extensions:
+        if e.oid == extension.oid:
+            raise ValueError("This extension has already been set.")
+
+
+def _reject_duplicate_attribute(
+    oid: ObjectIdentifier,
+    attributes: list[tuple[ObjectIdentifier, bytes, int | None]],
+) -> None:
+    # This is quadratic in the number of attributes
+    for attr_oid, _, _ in attributes:
+        if attr_oid == oid:
+            raise ValueError("This attribute has already been set.")
+
+
+def _convert_to_naive_utc_time(time: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+    """Normalizes a datetime to a naive datetime in UTC.
+
+    time -- datetime to normalize. Assumed to be in UTC if not timezone
+            aware.
+    """
+    if time.tzinfo is not None:
+        offset = time.utcoffset()
+        offset = offset if offset else datetime.timedelta()
+        return time.replace(tzinfo=None) - offset
+    else:
+        return time
+
+
+class Attribute:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        oid: ObjectIdentifier,
+        value: bytes,
+        _type: int = _ASN1Type.UTF8String.value,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._oid = oid
+        self._value = value
+        self._type = _type
+
+    @property
+    def oid(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._oid
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Attribute(oid={self.oid}, value={self.value!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Attribute):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.oid == other.oid
+            and self.value == other.value
+            and self._type == other._type
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.oid, self.value, self._type))
+
+
+class Attributes:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        attributes: typing.Iterable[Attribute],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._attributes = list(attributes)
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_attributes")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Attributes({self._attributes})>"
+
+    def get_attribute_for_oid(self, oid: ObjectIdentifier) -> Attribute:
+        for attr in self:
+            if attr.oid == oid:
+                return attr
+
+        raise AttributeNotFound(f"No {oid} attribute was found", oid)
+
+
+class Version(utils.Enum):
+    v1 = 0
+    v3 = 2
+
+
+class InvalidVersion(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, parsed_version: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.parsed_version = parsed_version
+
+
+Certificate = rust_x509.Certificate
+
+
+class RevokedCertificate(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def serial_number(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the serial number of the revoked certificate.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def revocation_date(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        Returns the date of when this certificate was revoked.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def revocation_date_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        Returns the date of when this certificate was revoked as a non-naive
+        UTC datetime.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def extensions(self) -> Extensions:
+        """
+        Returns an Extensions object containing a list of Revoked extensions.
+        """
+
+
+# Runtime isinstance checks need this since the rust class is not a subclass.
+RevokedCertificate.register(rust_x509.RevokedCertificate)
+
+
+class _RawRevokedCertificate(RevokedCertificate):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        serial_number: int,
+        revocation_date: datetime.datetime,
+        extensions: Extensions,
+    ):
+        self._serial_number = serial_number
+        self._revocation_date = revocation_date
+        self._extensions = extensions
+
+    @property
+    def serial_number(self) -> int:
+        return self._serial_number
+
+    @property
+    def revocation_date(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Properties that return a naïve datetime object have been "
+            "deprecated. Please switch to revocation_date_utc.",
+            utils.DeprecatedIn42,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self._revocation_date
+
+    @property
+    def revocation_date_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        return self._revocation_date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    @property
+    def extensions(self) -> Extensions:
+        return self._extensions
+
+
+CertificateRevocationList = rust_x509.CertificateRevocationList
+CertificateSigningRequest = rust_x509.CertificateSigningRequest
+
+
+load_pem_x509_certificate = rust_x509.load_pem_x509_certificate
+load_der_x509_certificate = rust_x509.load_der_x509_certificate
+
+load_pem_x509_certificates = rust_x509.load_pem_x509_certificates
+
+load_pem_x509_csr = rust_x509.load_pem_x509_csr
+load_der_x509_csr = rust_x509.load_der_x509_csr
+
+load_pem_x509_crl = rust_x509.load_pem_x509_crl
+load_der_x509_crl = rust_x509.load_der_x509_crl
+
+
+class CertificateSigningRequestBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        subject_name: Name | None = None,
+        extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]] = [],
+        attributes: list[tuple[ObjectIdentifier, bytes, int | None]] = [],
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates an empty X.509 certificate request (v1).
+        """
+        self._subject_name = subject_name
+        self._extensions = extensions
+        self._attributes = attributes
+
+    def subject_name(self, name: Name) -> CertificateSigningRequestBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the certificate requestor's distinguished name.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(name, Name):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting x509.Name object.")
+        if self._subject_name is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The subject name may only be set once.")
+        return CertificateSigningRequestBuilder(
+            name, self._extensions, self._attributes
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> CertificateSigningRequestBuilder:
+        """
+        Adds an X.509 extension to the certificate request.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(extval, ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+
+        return CertificateSigningRequestBuilder(
+            self._subject_name,
+            [*self._extensions, extension],
+            self._attributes,
+        )
+
+    def add_attribute(
+        self,
+        oid: ObjectIdentifier,
+        value: bytes,
+        *,
+        _tag: _ASN1Type | None = None,
+    ) -> CertificateSigningRequestBuilder:
+        """
+        Adds an X.509 attribute with an OID and associated value.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(oid, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("oid must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+
+        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("value must be bytes")
+
+        if _tag is not None and not isinstance(_tag, _ASN1Type):
+            raise TypeError("tag must be _ASN1Type")
+
+        _reject_duplicate_attribute(oid, self._attributes)
+
+        if _tag is not None:
+            tag = _tag.value
+        else:
+            tag = None
+
+        return CertificateSigningRequestBuilder(
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._extensions,
+            [*self._attributes, (oid, value, tag)],
+        )
+
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        private_key: CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+        algorithm: _AllowedHashTypes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        rsa_padding: padding.PSS | padding.PKCS1v15 | None = None,
+    ) -> CertificateSigningRequest:
+        """
+        Signs the request using the requestor's private key.
+        """
+        if self._subject_name is None:
+            raise ValueError("A CertificateSigningRequest must have a subject")
+
+        if rsa_padding is not None:
+            if not isinstance(rsa_padding, (padding.PSS, padding.PKCS1v15)):
+                raise TypeError("Padding must be PSS or PKCS1v15")
+            if not isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey):
+                raise TypeError("Padding is only supported for RSA keys")
+
+        return rust_x509.create_x509_csr(
+            self, private_key, algorithm, rsa_padding
+        )
+
+
+class CertificateBuilder:
+    _extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        issuer_name: Name | None = None,
+        subject_name: Name | None = None,
+        public_key: CertificatePublicKeyTypes | None = None,
+        serial_number: int | None = None,
+        not_valid_before: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        not_valid_after: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]] = [],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._version = Version.v3
+        self._issuer_name = issuer_name
+        self._subject_name = subject_name
+        self._public_key = public_key
+        self._serial_number = serial_number
+        self._not_valid_before = not_valid_before
+        self._not_valid_after = not_valid_after
+        self._extensions = extensions
+
+    def issuer_name(self, name: Name) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the CA's distinguished name.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(name, Name):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting x509.Name object.")
+        if self._issuer_name is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The issuer name may only be set once.")
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._public_key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def subject_name(self, name: Name) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the requestor's distinguished name.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(name, Name):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting x509.Name object.")
+        if self._subject_name is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The subject name may only be set once.")
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            name,
+            self._public_key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def public_key(
+        self,
+        key: CertificatePublicKeyTypes,
+    ) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the requestor's public key (as found in the signing request).
+        """
+        if not isinstance(
+            key,
+            (
+                dsa.DSAPublicKey,
+                rsa.RSAPublicKey,
+                ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+                ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
+                ed448.Ed448PublicKey,
+                x25519.X25519PublicKey,
+                x448.X448PublicKey,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Expecting one of DSAPublicKey, RSAPublicKey,"
+                " EllipticCurvePublicKey, Ed25519PublicKey,"
+                " Ed448PublicKey, X25519PublicKey, or "
+                "X448PublicKey."
+            )
+        if self._public_key is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The public key may only be set once.")
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def serial_number(self, number: int) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the certificate serial number.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(number, int):
+            raise TypeError("Serial number must be of integral type.")
+        if self._serial_number is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The serial number may only be set once.")
+        if number <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("The serial number should be positive.")
+
+        # ASN.1 integers are always signed, so most significant bit must be
+        # zero.
+        if number.bit_length() >= 160:  # As defined in RFC 5280
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The serial number should not be more than 159 bits."
+            )
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._public_key,
+            number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def not_valid_before(self, time: datetime.datetime) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the certificate activation time.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(time, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting datetime object.")
+        if self._not_valid_before is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The not valid before may only be set once.")
+        time = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(time)
+        if time < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The not valid before date must be on or after"
+                " 1950 January 1)."
+            )
+        if self._not_valid_after is not None and time > self._not_valid_after:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The not valid before date must be before the not valid after "
+                "date."
+            )
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._public_key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            time,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def not_valid_after(self, time: datetime.datetime) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Sets the certificate expiration time.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(time, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting datetime object.")
+        if self._not_valid_after is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The not valid after may only be set once.")
+        time = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(time)
+        if time < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The not valid after date must be on or after"
+                " 1950 January 1."
+            )
+        if (
+            self._not_valid_before is not None
+            and time < self._not_valid_before
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The not valid after date must be after the not valid before "
+                "date."
+            )
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._public_key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            time,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> CertificateBuilder:
+        """
+        Adds an X.509 extension to the certificate.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(extval, ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+
+        return CertificateBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._subject_name,
+            self._public_key,
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._not_valid_before,
+            self._not_valid_after,
+            [*self._extensions, extension],
+        )
+
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        private_key: CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+        algorithm: _AllowedHashTypes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        rsa_padding: padding.PSS | padding.PKCS1v15 | None = None,
+    ) -> Certificate:
+        """
+        Signs the certificate using the CA's private key.
+        """
+        if self._subject_name is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have a subject name")
+
+        if self._issuer_name is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have an issuer name")
+
+        if self._serial_number is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have a serial number")
+
+        if self._not_valid_before is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have a not valid before time")
+
+        if self._not_valid_after is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have a not valid after time")
+
+        if self._public_key is None:
+            raise ValueError("A certificate must have a public key")
+
+        if rsa_padding is not None:
+            if not isinstance(rsa_padding, (padding.PSS, padding.PKCS1v15)):
+                raise TypeError("Padding must be PSS or PKCS1v15")
+            if not isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey):
+                raise TypeError("Padding is only supported for RSA keys")
+
+        return rust_x509.create_x509_certificate(
+            self, private_key, algorithm, rsa_padding
+        )
+
+
+class CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+    _extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]]
+    _revoked_certificates: list[RevokedCertificate]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        issuer_name: Name | None = None,
+        last_update: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        next_update: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]] = [],
+        revoked_certificates: list[RevokedCertificate] = [],
+    ):
+        self._issuer_name = issuer_name
+        self._last_update = last_update
+        self._next_update = next_update
+        self._extensions = extensions
+        self._revoked_certificates = revoked_certificates
+
+    def issuer_name(
+        self, issuer_name: Name
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(issuer_name, Name):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting x509.Name object.")
+        if self._issuer_name is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The issuer name may only be set once.")
+        return CertificateRevocationListBuilder(
+            issuer_name,
+            self._last_update,
+            self._next_update,
+            self._extensions,
+            self._revoked_certificates,
+        )
+
+    def last_update(
+        self, last_update: datetime.datetime
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(last_update, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting datetime object.")
+        if self._last_update is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Last update may only be set once.")
+        last_update = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(last_update)
+        if last_update < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The last update date must be on or after 1950 January 1."
+            )
+        if self._next_update is not None and last_update > self._next_update:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The last update date must be before the next update date."
+            )
+        return CertificateRevocationListBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            last_update,
+            self._next_update,
+            self._extensions,
+            self._revoked_certificates,
+        )
+
+    def next_update(
+        self, next_update: datetime.datetime
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(next_update, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting datetime object.")
+        if self._next_update is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Last update may only be set once.")
+        next_update = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(next_update)
+        if next_update < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The last update date must be on or after 1950 January 1."
+            )
+        if self._last_update is not None and next_update < self._last_update:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The next update date must be after the last update date."
+            )
+        return CertificateRevocationListBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._last_update,
+            next_update,
+            self._extensions,
+            self._revoked_certificates,
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+        """
+        Adds an X.509 extension to the certificate revocation list.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(extval, ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+        return CertificateRevocationListBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._last_update,
+            self._next_update,
+            [*self._extensions, extension],
+            self._revoked_certificates,
+        )
+
+    def add_revoked_certificate(
+        self, revoked_certificate: RevokedCertificate
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationListBuilder:
+        """
+        Adds a revoked certificate to the CRL.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(revoked_certificate, RevokedCertificate):
+            raise TypeError("Must be an instance of RevokedCertificate")
+
+        return CertificateRevocationListBuilder(
+            self._issuer_name,
+            self._last_update,
+            self._next_update,
+            self._extensions,
+            [*self._revoked_certificates, revoked_certificate],
+        )
+
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        private_key: CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+        algorithm: _AllowedHashTypes | None,
+        backend: typing.Any = None,
+        *,
+        rsa_padding: padding.PSS | padding.PKCS1v15 | None = None,
+    ) -> CertificateRevocationList:
+        if self._issuer_name is None:
+            raise ValueError("A CRL must have an issuer name")
+
+        if self._last_update is None:
+            raise ValueError("A CRL must have a last update time")
+
+        if self._next_update is None:
+            raise ValueError("A CRL must have a next update time")
+
+        if rsa_padding is not None:
+            if not isinstance(rsa_padding, (padding.PSS, padding.PKCS1v15)):
+                raise TypeError("Padding must be PSS or PKCS1v15")
+            if not isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey):
+                raise TypeError("Padding is only supported for RSA keys")
+
+        return rust_x509.create_x509_crl(
+            self, private_key, algorithm, rsa_padding
+        )
+
+
+class RevokedCertificateBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        serial_number: int | None = None,
+        revocation_date: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+        extensions: list[Extension[ExtensionType]] = [],
+    ):
+        self._serial_number = serial_number
+        self._revocation_date = revocation_date
+        self._extensions = extensions
+
+    def serial_number(self, number: int) -> RevokedCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(number, int):
+            raise TypeError("Serial number must be of integral type.")
+        if self._serial_number is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The serial number may only be set once.")
+        if number <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("The serial number should be positive")
+
+        # ASN.1 integers are always signed, so most significant bit must be
+        # zero.
+        if number.bit_length() >= 160:  # As defined in RFC 5280
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The serial number should not be more than 159 bits."
+            )
+        return RevokedCertificateBuilder(
+            number, self._revocation_date, self._extensions
+        )
+
+    def revocation_date(
+        self, time: datetime.datetime
+    ) -> RevokedCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(time, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("Expecting datetime object.")
+        if self._revocation_date is not None:
+            raise ValueError("The revocation date may only be set once.")
+        time = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(time)
+        if time < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The revocation date must be on or after 1950 January 1."
+            )
+        return RevokedCertificateBuilder(
+            self._serial_number, time, self._extensions
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> RevokedCertificateBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(extval, ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+        return RevokedCertificateBuilder(
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._revocation_date,
+            [*self._extensions, extension],
+        )
+
+    def build(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> RevokedCertificate:
+        if self._serial_number is None:
+            raise ValueError("A revoked certificate must have a serial number")
+        if self._revocation_date is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "A revoked certificate must have a revocation date"
+            )
+        return _RawRevokedCertificate(
+            self._serial_number,
+            self._revocation_date,
+            Extensions(self._extensions),
+        )
+
+
+def random_serial_number() -> int:
+    return int.from_bytes(os.urandom(20), "big") >> 1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/certificate_transparency.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/certificate_transparency.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb66cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/certificate_transparency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import x509 as rust_x509
+
+
+class LogEntryType(utils.Enum):
+    X509_CERTIFICATE = 0
+    PRE_CERTIFICATE = 1
+
+
+class Version(utils.Enum):
+    v1 = 0
+
+
+class SignatureAlgorithm(utils.Enum):
+    """
+    Signature algorithms that are valid for SCTs.
+
+    These are exactly the same as SignatureAlgorithm in RFC 5246 (TLS 1.2).
+
+    See: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5246#section-7.4.1.4.1>
+    """
+
+    ANONYMOUS = 0
+    RSA = 1
+    DSA = 2
+    ECDSA = 3
+
+
+SignedCertificateTimestamp = rust_x509.Sct
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/extensions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3e773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2477 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import datetime
+import hashlib
+import ipaddress
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import asn1
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import x509 as rust_x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec import EllipticCurvePublicKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import RSAPublicKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import (
+    CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes,
+    CertificatePublicKeyTypes,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency import (
+    SignedCertificateTimestamp,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.general_name import (
+    DirectoryName,
+    DNSName,
+    GeneralName,
+    IPAddress,
+    OtherName,
+    RegisteredID,
+    RFC822Name,
+    UniformResourceIdentifier,
+    _IPAddressTypes,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.name import Name, RelativeDistinguishedName
+from cryptography.x509.oid import (
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID,
+    ExtensionOID,
+    ObjectIdentifier,
+    OCSPExtensionOID,
+)
+
+ExtensionTypeVar = typing.TypeVar(
+    "ExtensionTypeVar", bound="ExtensionType", covariant=True
+)
+
+
+def _key_identifier_from_public_key(
+    public_key: CertificatePublicKeyTypes,
+) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(public_key, RSAPublicKey):
+        data = public_key.public_bytes(
+            serialization.Encoding.DER,
+            serialization.PublicFormat.PKCS1,
+        )
+    elif isinstance(public_key, EllipticCurvePublicKey):
+        data = public_key.public_bytes(
+            serialization.Encoding.X962,
+            serialization.PublicFormat.UncompressedPoint,
+        )
+    else:
+        # This is a very slow way to do this.
+        serialized = public_key.public_bytes(
+            serialization.Encoding.DER,
+            serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+        )
+        data = asn1.parse_spki_for_data(serialized)
+
+    return hashlib.sha1(data).digest()
+
+
+def _make_sequence_methods(field_name: str):
+    def len_method(self) -> int:
+        return len(getattr(self, field_name))
+
+    def iter_method(self):
+        return iter(getattr(self, field_name))
+
+    def getitem_method(self, idx):
+        return getattr(self, field_name)[idx]
+
+    return len_method, iter_method, getitem_method
+
+
+class DuplicateExtension(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, oid: ObjectIdentifier) -> None:
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.oid = oid
+
+
+class ExtensionNotFound(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, oid: ObjectIdentifier) -> None:
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.oid = oid
+
+
+class ExtensionType(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    oid: typing.ClassVar[ObjectIdentifier]
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serializes the extension type to DER.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            f"public_bytes is not implemented for extension type {self!r}"
+        )
+
+
+class Extensions:
+    def __init__(
+        self, extensions: typing.Iterable[Extension[ExtensionType]]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._extensions = list(extensions)
+
+    def get_extension_for_oid(
+        self, oid: ObjectIdentifier
+    ) -> Extension[ExtensionType]:
+        for ext in self:
+            if ext.oid == oid:
+                return ext
+
+        raise ExtensionNotFound(f"No {oid} extension was found", oid)
+
+    def get_extension_for_class(
+        self, extclass: type[ExtensionTypeVar]
+    ) -> Extension[ExtensionTypeVar]:
+        if extclass is UnrecognizedExtension:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "UnrecognizedExtension can't be used with "
+                "get_extension_for_class because more than one instance of the"
+                " class may be present."
+            )
+
+        for ext in self:
+            if isinstance(ext.value, extclass):
+                return ext
+
+        raise ExtensionNotFound(
+            f"No {extclass} extension was found", extclass.oid
+        )
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_extensions")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Extensions({self._extensions})>"
+
+
+class CRLNumber(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.CRL_NUMBER
+
+    def __init__(self, crl_number: int) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(crl_number, int):
+            raise TypeError("crl_number must be an integer")
+
+        self._crl_number = crl_number
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, CRLNumber):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.crl_number == other.crl_number
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.crl_number)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CRLNumber({self.crl_number})>"
+
+    @property
+    def crl_number(self) -> int:
+        return self._crl_number
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class AuthorityKeyIdentifier(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key_identifier: bytes | None,
+        authority_cert_issuer: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+        authority_cert_serial_number: int | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if (authority_cert_issuer is None) != (
+            authority_cert_serial_number is None
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "authority_cert_issuer and authority_cert_serial_number "
+                "must both be present or both None"
+            )
+
+        if authority_cert_issuer is not None:
+            authority_cert_issuer = list(authority_cert_issuer)
+            if not all(
+                isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in authority_cert_issuer
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "authority_cert_issuer must be a list of GeneralName "
+                    "objects"
+                )
+
+        if authority_cert_serial_number is not None and not isinstance(
+            authority_cert_serial_number, int
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("authority_cert_serial_number must be an integer")
+
+        self._key_identifier = key_identifier
+        self._authority_cert_issuer = authority_cert_issuer
+        self._authority_cert_serial_number = authority_cert_serial_number
+
+    # This takes a subset of CertificatePublicKeyTypes because an issuer
+    # cannot have an X25519/X448 key. This introduces some unfortunate
+    # asymmetry that requires typing users to explicitly
+    # narrow their type, but we should make this accurate and not just
+    # convenient.
+    @classmethod
+    def from_issuer_public_key(
+        cls, public_key: CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes
+    ) -> AuthorityKeyIdentifier:
+        digest = _key_identifier_from_public_key(public_key)
+        return cls(
+            key_identifier=digest,
+            authority_cert_issuer=None,
+            authority_cert_serial_number=None,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_issuer_subject_key_identifier(
+        cls, ski: SubjectKeyIdentifier
+    ) -> AuthorityKeyIdentifier:
+        return cls(
+            key_identifier=ski.digest,
+            authority_cert_issuer=None,
+            authority_cert_serial_number=None,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier={self.key_identifier!r}, "
+            f"authority_cert_issuer={self.authority_cert_issuer}, "
+            f"authority_cert_serial_number={self.authority_cert_serial_number}"
+            ")>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, AuthorityKeyIdentifier):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.key_identifier == other.key_identifier
+            and self.authority_cert_issuer == other.authority_cert_issuer
+            and self.authority_cert_serial_number
+            == other.authority_cert_serial_number
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self.authority_cert_issuer is None:
+            aci = None
+        else:
+            aci = tuple(self.authority_cert_issuer)
+        return hash(
+            (self.key_identifier, aci, self.authority_cert_serial_number)
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def key_identifier(self) -> bytes | None:
+        return self._key_identifier
+
+    @property
+    def authority_cert_issuer(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._authority_cert_issuer
+
+    @property
+    def authority_cert_serial_number(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._authority_cert_serial_number
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class SubjectKeyIdentifier(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
+
+    def __init__(self, digest: bytes) -> None:
+        self._digest = digest
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_public_key(
+        cls, public_key: CertificatePublicKeyTypes
+    ) -> SubjectKeyIdentifier:
+        return cls(_key_identifier_from_public_key(public_key))
+
+    @property
+    def digest(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._digest
+
+    @property
+    def key_identifier(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._digest
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SubjectKeyIdentifier(digest={self.digest!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SubjectKeyIdentifier):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return constant_time.bytes_eq(self.digest, other.digest)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.digest)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class AuthorityInformationAccess(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, descriptions: typing.Iterable[AccessDescription]
+    ) -> None:
+        descriptions = list(descriptions)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, AccessDescription) for x in descriptions):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the descriptions list must be an "
+                "AccessDescription"
+            )
+
+        self._descriptions = descriptions
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_descriptions")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<AuthorityInformationAccess({self._descriptions})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, AuthorityInformationAccess):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._descriptions == other._descriptions
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._descriptions))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class SubjectInformationAccess(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_INFORMATION_ACCESS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, descriptions: typing.Iterable[AccessDescription]
+    ) -> None:
+        descriptions = list(descriptions)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, AccessDescription) for x in descriptions):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the descriptions list must be an "
+                "AccessDescription"
+            )
+
+        self._descriptions = descriptions
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_descriptions")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SubjectInformationAccess({self._descriptions})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SubjectInformationAccess):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._descriptions == other._descriptions
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._descriptions))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class AccessDescription:
+    def __init__(
+        self, access_method: ObjectIdentifier, access_location: GeneralName
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(access_method, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("access_method must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+
+        if not isinstance(access_location, GeneralName):
+            raise TypeError("access_location must be a GeneralName")
+
+        self._access_method = access_method
+        self._access_location = access_location
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<AccessDescription(access_method={self.access_method}, "
+            f"access_location={self.access_location})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, AccessDescription):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.access_method == other.access_method
+            and self.access_location == other.access_location
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.access_method, self.access_location))
+
+    @property
+    def access_method(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._access_method
+
+    @property
+    def access_location(self) -> GeneralName:
+        return self._access_location
+
+
+class BasicConstraints(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
+
+    def __init__(self, ca: bool, path_length: int | None) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(ca, bool):
+            raise TypeError("ca must be a boolean value")
+
+        if path_length is not None and not ca:
+            raise ValueError("path_length must be None when ca is False")
+
+        if path_length is not None and (
+            not isinstance(path_length, int) or path_length < 0
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "path_length must be a non-negative integer or None"
+            )
+
+        self._ca = ca
+        self._path_length = path_length
+
+    @property
+    def ca(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ca
+
+    @property
+    def path_length(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._path_length
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<BasicConstraints(ca={self.ca}, "
+            f"path_length={self.path_length})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, BasicConstraints):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.ca == other.ca and self.path_length == other.path_length
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.ca, self.path_length))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class DeltaCRLIndicator(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.DELTA_CRL_INDICATOR
+
+    def __init__(self, crl_number: int) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(crl_number, int):
+            raise TypeError("crl_number must be an integer")
+
+        self._crl_number = crl_number
+
+    @property
+    def crl_number(self) -> int:
+        return self._crl_number
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, DeltaCRLIndicator):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.crl_number == other.crl_number
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.crl_number)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<DeltaCRLIndicator(crl_number={self.crl_number})>"
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class CRLDistributionPoints(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, distribution_points: typing.Iterable[DistributionPoint]
+    ) -> None:
+        distribution_points = list(distribution_points)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(x, DistributionPoint) for x in distribution_points
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "distribution_points must be a list of DistributionPoint "
+                "objects"
+            )
+
+        self._distribution_points = distribution_points
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods(
+        "_distribution_points"
+    )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CRLDistributionPoints({self._distribution_points})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, CRLDistributionPoints):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._distribution_points == other._distribution_points
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._distribution_points))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class FreshestCRL(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.FRESHEST_CRL
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, distribution_points: typing.Iterable[DistributionPoint]
+    ) -> None:
+        distribution_points = list(distribution_points)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(x, DistributionPoint) for x in distribution_points
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "distribution_points must be a list of DistributionPoint "
+                "objects"
+            )
+
+        self._distribution_points = distribution_points
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods(
+        "_distribution_points"
+    )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<FreshestCRL({self._distribution_points})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, FreshestCRL):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._distribution_points == other._distribution_points
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._distribution_points))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class DistributionPoint:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        full_name: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+        relative_name: RelativeDistinguishedName | None,
+        reasons: frozenset[ReasonFlags] | None,
+        crl_issuer: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if full_name and relative_name:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "You cannot provide both full_name and relative_name, at "
+                "least one must be None."
+            )
+        if not full_name and not relative_name and not crl_issuer:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Either full_name, relative_name or crl_issuer must be "
+                "provided."
+            )
+
+        if full_name is not None:
+            full_name = list(full_name)
+            if not all(isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in full_name):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "full_name must be a list of GeneralName objects"
+                )
+
+        if relative_name:
+            if not isinstance(relative_name, RelativeDistinguishedName):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "relative_name must be a RelativeDistinguishedName"
+                )
+
+        if crl_issuer is not None:
+            crl_issuer = list(crl_issuer)
+            if not all(isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in crl_issuer):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "crl_issuer must be None or a list of general names"
+                )
+
+        if reasons and (
+            not isinstance(reasons, frozenset)
+            or not all(isinstance(x, ReasonFlags) for x in reasons)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("reasons must be None or frozenset of ReasonFlags")
+
+        if reasons and (
+            ReasonFlags.unspecified in reasons
+            or ReasonFlags.remove_from_crl in reasons
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "unspecified and remove_from_crl are not valid reasons in a "
+                "DistributionPoint"
+            )
+
+        self._full_name = full_name
+        self._relative_name = relative_name
+        self._reasons = reasons
+        self._crl_issuer = crl_issuer
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "<DistributionPoint(full_name={0.full_name}, relative_name={0.rela"
+            "tive_name}, reasons={0.reasons}, "
+            "crl_issuer={0.crl_issuer})>".format(self)
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, DistributionPoint):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.full_name == other.full_name
+            and self.relative_name == other.relative_name
+            and self.reasons == other.reasons
+            and self.crl_issuer == other.crl_issuer
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self.full_name is not None:
+            fn: tuple[GeneralName, ...] | None = tuple(self.full_name)
+        else:
+            fn = None
+
+        if self.crl_issuer is not None:
+            crl_issuer: tuple[GeneralName, ...] | None = tuple(self.crl_issuer)
+        else:
+            crl_issuer = None
+
+        return hash((fn, self.relative_name, self.reasons, crl_issuer))
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._full_name
+
+    @property
+    def relative_name(self) -> RelativeDistinguishedName | None:
+        return self._relative_name
+
+    @property
+    def reasons(self) -> frozenset[ReasonFlags] | None:
+        return self._reasons
+
+    @property
+    def crl_issuer(self) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._crl_issuer
+
+
+class ReasonFlags(utils.Enum):
+    unspecified = "unspecified"
+    key_compromise = "keyCompromise"
+    ca_compromise = "cACompromise"
+    affiliation_changed = "affiliationChanged"
+    superseded = "superseded"
+    cessation_of_operation = "cessationOfOperation"
+    certificate_hold = "certificateHold"
+    privilege_withdrawn = "privilegeWithdrawn"
+    aa_compromise = "aACompromise"
+    remove_from_crl = "removeFromCRL"
+
+
+# These are distribution point bit string mappings. Not to be confused with
+# CRLReason reason flags bit string mappings.
+# ReasonFlags ::= BIT STRING {
+#      unused                  (0),
+#      keyCompromise           (1),
+#      cACompromise            (2),
+#      affiliationChanged      (3),
+#      superseded              (4),
+#      cessationOfOperation    (5),
+#      certificateHold         (6),
+#      privilegeWithdrawn      (7),
+#      aACompromise            (8) }
+_REASON_BIT_MAPPING = {
+    1: ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
+    2: ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
+    3: ReasonFlags.affiliation_changed,
+    4: ReasonFlags.superseded,
+    5: ReasonFlags.cessation_of_operation,
+    6: ReasonFlags.certificate_hold,
+    7: ReasonFlags.privilege_withdrawn,
+    8: ReasonFlags.aa_compromise,
+}
+
+_CRLREASONFLAGS = {
+    ReasonFlags.key_compromise: 1,
+    ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 2,
+    ReasonFlags.affiliation_changed: 3,
+    ReasonFlags.superseded: 4,
+    ReasonFlags.cessation_of_operation: 5,
+    ReasonFlags.certificate_hold: 6,
+    ReasonFlags.privilege_withdrawn: 7,
+    ReasonFlags.aa_compromise: 8,
+}
+
+#    CRLReason ::= ENUMERATED {
+#        unspecified             (0),
+#        keyCompromise           (1),
+#        cACompromise            (2),
+#        affiliationChanged      (3),
+#        superseded              (4),
+#        cessationOfOperation    (5),
+#        certificateHold         (6),
+#             -- value 7 is not used
+#        removeFromCRL           (8),
+#        privilegeWithdrawn      (9),
+#        aACompromise           (10) }
+_CRL_ENTRY_REASON_ENUM_TO_CODE = {
+    ReasonFlags.unspecified: 0,
+    ReasonFlags.key_compromise: 1,
+    ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 2,
+    ReasonFlags.affiliation_changed: 3,
+    ReasonFlags.superseded: 4,
+    ReasonFlags.cessation_of_operation: 5,
+    ReasonFlags.certificate_hold: 6,
+    ReasonFlags.remove_from_crl: 8,
+    ReasonFlags.privilege_withdrawn: 9,
+    ReasonFlags.aa_compromise: 10,
+}
+
+
+class PolicyConstraints(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        require_explicit_policy: int | None,
+        inhibit_policy_mapping: int | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if require_explicit_policy is not None and not isinstance(
+            require_explicit_policy, int
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "require_explicit_policy must be a non-negative integer or "
+                "None"
+            )
+
+        if inhibit_policy_mapping is not None and not isinstance(
+            inhibit_policy_mapping, int
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "inhibit_policy_mapping must be a non-negative integer or None"
+            )
+
+        if inhibit_policy_mapping is None and require_explicit_policy is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "At least one of require_explicit_policy and "
+                "inhibit_policy_mapping must not be None"
+            )
+
+        self._require_explicit_policy = require_explicit_policy
+        self._inhibit_policy_mapping = inhibit_policy_mapping
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "<PolicyConstraints(require_explicit_policy={0.require_explicit"
+            "_policy}, inhibit_policy_mapping={0.inhibit_policy_"
+            "mapping})>".format(self)
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, PolicyConstraints):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.require_explicit_policy == other.require_explicit_policy
+            and self.inhibit_policy_mapping == other.inhibit_policy_mapping
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (self.require_explicit_policy, self.inhibit_policy_mapping)
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def require_explicit_policy(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._require_explicit_policy
+
+    @property
+    def inhibit_policy_mapping(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._inhibit_policy_mapping
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class CertificatePolicies(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
+
+    def __init__(self, policies: typing.Iterable[PolicyInformation]) -> None:
+        policies = list(policies)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, PolicyInformation) for x in policies):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the policies list must be a "
+                "PolicyInformation"
+            )
+
+        self._policies = policies
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_policies")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CertificatePolicies({self._policies})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, CertificatePolicies):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._policies == other._policies
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._policies))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class PolicyInformation:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        policy_identifier: ObjectIdentifier,
+        policy_qualifiers: typing.Iterable[str | UserNotice] | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(policy_identifier, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("policy_identifier must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+
+        self._policy_identifier = policy_identifier
+
+        if policy_qualifiers is not None:
+            policy_qualifiers = list(policy_qualifiers)
+            if not all(
+                isinstance(x, (str, UserNotice)) for x in policy_qualifiers
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "policy_qualifiers must be a list of strings and/or "
+                    "UserNotice objects or None"
+                )
+
+        self._policy_qualifiers = policy_qualifiers
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier={self.policy_identifier}, "
+            f"policy_qualifiers={self.policy_qualifiers})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, PolicyInformation):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.policy_identifier == other.policy_identifier
+            and self.policy_qualifiers == other.policy_qualifiers
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self.policy_qualifiers is not None:
+            pq = tuple(self.policy_qualifiers)
+        else:
+            pq = None
+
+        return hash((self.policy_identifier, pq))
+
+    @property
+    def policy_identifier(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._policy_identifier
+
+    @property
+    def policy_qualifiers(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[str | UserNotice] | None:
+        return self._policy_qualifiers
+
+
+class UserNotice:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        notice_reference: NoticeReference | None,
+        explicit_text: str | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if notice_reference and not isinstance(
+            notice_reference, NoticeReference
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "notice_reference must be None or a NoticeReference"
+            )
+
+        self._notice_reference = notice_reference
+        self._explicit_text = explicit_text
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<UserNotice(notice_reference={self.notice_reference}, "
+            f"explicit_text={self.explicit_text!r})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, UserNotice):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.notice_reference == other.notice_reference
+            and self.explicit_text == other.explicit_text
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.notice_reference, self.explicit_text))
+
+    @property
+    def notice_reference(self) -> NoticeReference | None:
+        return self._notice_reference
+
+    @property
+    def explicit_text(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._explicit_text
+
+
+class NoticeReference:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        organization: str | None,
+        notice_numbers: typing.Iterable[int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._organization = organization
+        notice_numbers = list(notice_numbers)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, int) for x in notice_numbers):
+            raise TypeError("notice_numbers must be a list of integers")
+
+        self._notice_numbers = notice_numbers
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<NoticeReference(organization={self.organization!r}, "
+            f"notice_numbers={self.notice_numbers})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, NoticeReference):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.organization == other.organization
+            and self.notice_numbers == other.notice_numbers
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.organization, tuple(self.notice_numbers)))
+
+    @property
+    def organization(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._organization
+
+    @property
+    def notice_numbers(self) -> list[int]:
+        return self._notice_numbers
+
+
+class ExtendedKeyUsage(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE
+
+    def __init__(self, usages: typing.Iterable[ObjectIdentifier]) -> None:
+        usages = list(usages)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, ObjectIdentifier) for x in usages):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the usages list must be an ObjectIdentifier"
+            )
+
+        self._usages = usages
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_usages")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<ExtendedKeyUsage({self._usages})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, ExtendedKeyUsage):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._usages == other._usages
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._usages))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class OCSPNoCheck(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, OCSPNoCheck):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(OCSPNoCheck)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<OCSPNoCheck()>"
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class PrecertPoison(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.PRECERT_POISON
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, PrecertPoison):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(PrecertPoison)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<PrecertPoison()>"
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class TLSFeature(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.TLS_FEATURE
+
+    def __init__(self, features: typing.Iterable[TLSFeatureType]) -> None:
+        features = list(features)
+        if (
+            not all(isinstance(x, TLSFeatureType) for x in features)
+            or len(features) == 0
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "features must be a list of elements from the TLSFeatureType "
+                "enum"
+            )
+
+        self._features = features
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_features")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<TLSFeature(features={self._features})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, TLSFeature):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._features == other._features
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._features))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class TLSFeatureType(utils.Enum):
+    # status_request is defined in RFC 6066 and is used for what is commonly
+    # called OCSP Must-Staple when present in the TLS Feature extension in an
+    # X.509 certificate.
+    status_request = 5
+    # status_request_v2 is defined in RFC 6961 and allows multiple OCSP
+    # responses to be provided. It is not currently in use by clients or
+    # servers.
+    status_request_v2 = 17
+
+
+_TLS_FEATURE_TYPE_TO_ENUM = {x.value: x for x in TLSFeatureType}
+
+
+class InhibitAnyPolicy(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY
+
+    def __init__(self, skip_certs: int) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(skip_certs, int):
+            raise TypeError("skip_certs must be an integer")
+
+        if skip_certs < 0:
+            raise ValueError("skip_certs must be a non-negative integer")
+
+        self._skip_certs = skip_certs
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<InhibitAnyPolicy(skip_certs={self.skip_certs})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, InhibitAnyPolicy):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.skip_certs == other.skip_certs
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.skip_certs)
+
+    @property
+    def skip_certs(self) -> int:
+        return self._skip_certs
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class KeyUsage(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        digital_signature: bool,
+        content_commitment: bool,
+        key_encipherment: bool,
+        data_encipherment: bool,
+        key_agreement: bool,
+        key_cert_sign: bool,
+        crl_sign: bool,
+        encipher_only: bool,
+        decipher_only: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not key_agreement and (encipher_only or decipher_only):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "encipher_only and decipher_only can only be true when "
+                "key_agreement is true"
+            )
+
+        self._digital_signature = digital_signature
+        self._content_commitment = content_commitment
+        self._key_encipherment = key_encipherment
+        self._data_encipherment = data_encipherment
+        self._key_agreement = key_agreement
+        self._key_cert_sign = key_cert_sign
+        self._crl_sign = crl_sign
+        self._encipher_only = encipher_only
+        self._decipher_only = decipher_only
+
+    @property
+    def digital_signature(self) -> bool:
+        return self._digital_signature
+
+    @property
+    def content_commitment(self) -> bool:
+        return self._content_commitment
+
+    @property
+    def key_encipherment(self) -> bool:
+        return self._key_encipherment
+
+    @property
+    def data_encipherment(self) -> bool:
+        return self._data_encipherment
+
+    @property
+    def key_agreement(self) -> bool:
+        return self._key_agreement
+
+    @property
+    def key_cert_sign(self) -> bool:
+        return self._key_cert_sign
+
+    @property
+    def crl_sign(self) -> bool:
+        return self._crl_sign
+
+    @property
+    def encipher_only(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.key_agreement:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "encipher_only is undefined unless key_agreement is true"
+            )
+        else:
+            return self._encipher_only
+
+    @property
+    def decipher_only(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.key_agreement:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "decipher_only is undefined unless key_agreement is true"
+            )
+        else:
+            return self._decipher_only
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            encipher_only = self.encipher_only
+            decipher_only = self.decipher_only
+        except ValueError:
+            # Users found None confusing because even though encipher/decipher
+            # have no meaning unless key_agreement is true, to construct an
+            # instance of the class you still need to pass False.
+            encipher_only = False
+            decipher_only = False
+
+        return (
+            f"<KeyUsage(digital_signature={self.digital_signature}, "
+            f"content_commitment={self.content_commitment}, "
+            f"key_encipherment={self.key_encipherment}, "
+            f"data_encipherment={self.data_encipherment}, "
+            f"key_agreement={self.key_agreement}, "
+            f"key_cert_sign={self.key_cert_sign}, crl_sign={self.crl_sign}, "
+            f"encipher_only={encipher_only}, decipher_only={decipher_only})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, KeyUsage):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.digital_signature == other.digital_signature
+            and self.content_commitment == other.content_commitment
+            and self.key_encipherment == other.key_encipherment
+            and self.data_encipherment == other.data_encipherment
+            and self.key_agreement == other.key_agreement
+            and self.key_cert_sign == other.key_cert_sign
+            and self.crl_sign == other.crl_sign
+            and self._encipher_only == other._encipher_only
+            and self._decipher_only == other._decipher_only
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.digital_signature,
+                self.content_commitment,
+                self.key_encipherment,
+                self.data_encipherment,
+                self.key_agreement,
+                self.key_cert_sign,
+                self.crl_sign,
+                self._encipher_only,
+                self._decipher_only,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class NameConstraints(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        permitted_subtrees: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+        excluded_subtrees: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if permitted_subtrees is not None:
+            permitted_subtrees = list(permitted_subtrees)
+            if not permitted_subtrees:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "permitted_subtrees must be a non-empty list or None"
+                )
+            if not all(isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in permitted_subtrees):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "permitted_subtrees must be a list of GeneralName objects "
+                    "or None"
+                )
+
+            self._validate_tree(permitted_subtrees)
+
+        if excluded_subtrees is not None:
+            excluded_subtrees = list(excluded_subtrees)
+            if not excluded_subtrees:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "excluded_subtrees must be a non-empty list or None"
+                )
+            if not all(isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in excluded_subtrees):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "excluded_subtrees must be a list of GeneralName objects "
+                    "or None"
+                )
+
+            self._validate_tree(excluded_subtrees)
+
+        if permitted_subtrees is None and excluded_subtrees is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "At least one of permitted_subtrees and excluded_subtrees "
+                "must not be None"
+            )
+
+        self._permitted_subtrees = permitted_subtrees
+        self._excluded_subtrees = excluded_subtrees
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, NameConstraints):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.excluded_subtrees == other.excluded_subtrees
+            and self.permitted_subtrees == other.permitted_subtrees
+        )
+
+    def _validate_tree(self, tree: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        self._validate_ip_name(tree)
+        self._validate_dns_name(tree)
+
+    def _validate_ip_name(self, tree: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        if any(
+            isinstance(name, IPAddress)
+            and not isinstance(
+                name.value, (ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network)
+            )
+            for name in tree
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "IPAddress name constraints must be an IPv4Network or"
+                " IPv6Network object"
+            )
+
+    def _validate_dns_name(self, tree: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        if any(
+            isinstance(name, DNSName) and "*" in name.value for name in tree
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "DNSName name constraints must not contain the '*' wildcard"
+                " character"
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees={self.permitted_subtrees}, "
+            f"excluded_subtrees={self.excluded_subtrees})>"
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self.permitted_subtrees is not None:
+            ps: tuple[GeneralName, ...] | None = tuple(self.permitted_subtrees)
+        else:
+            ps = None
+
+        if self.excluded_subtrees is not None:
+            es: tuple[GeneralName, ...] | None = tuple(self.excluded_subtrees)
+        else:
+            es = None
+
+        return hash((ps, es))
+
+    @property
+    def permitted_subtrees(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._permitted_subtrees
+
+    @property
+    def excluded_subtrees(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._excluded_subtrees
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class Extension(typing.Generic[ExtensionTypeVar]):
+    def __init__(
+        self, oid: ObjectIdentifier, critical: bool, value: ExtensionTypeVar
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(oid, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "oid argument must be an ObjectIdentifier instance."
+            )
+
+        if not isinstance(critical, bool):
+            raise TypeError("critical must be a boolean value")
+
+        self._oid = oid
+        self._critical = critical
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def oid(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._oid
+
+    @property
+    def critical(self) -> bool:
+        return self._critical
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> ExtensionTypeVar:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<Extension(oid={self.oid}, critical={self.critical}, "
+            f"value={self.value})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Extension):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.oid == other.oid
+            and self.critical == other.critical
+            and self.value == other.value
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.oid, self.critical, self.value))
+
+
+class GeneralNames:
+    def __init__(self, general_names: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        general_names = list(general_names)
+        if not all(isinstance(x, GeneralName) for x in general_names):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the general_names list must be an "
+                "object conforming to the GeneralName interface"
+            )
+
+        self._general_names = general_names
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_general_names")
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier]
+        | type[RFC822Name],
+    ) -> list[str]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DirectoryName],
+    ) -> list[Name]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[RegisteredID],
+    ) -> list[ObjectIdentifier]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[IPAddress]
+    ) -> list[_IPAddressTypes]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[OtherName]
+    ) -> list[OtherName]: ...
+
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[DirectoryName]
+        | type[IPAddress]
+        | type[OtherName]
+        | type[RFC822Name]
+        | type[RegisteredID]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier],
+    ) -> (
+        list[_IPAddressTypes]
+        | list[str]
+        | list[OtherName]
+        | list[Name]
+        | list[ObjectIdentifier]
+    ):
+        # Return the value of each GeneralName, except for OtherName instances
+        # which we return directly because it has two important properties not
+        # just one value.
+        objs = (i for i in self if isinstance(i, type))
+        if type != OtherName:
+            return [i.value for i in objs]
+        return list(objs)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<GeneralNames({self._general_names})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, GeneralNames):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._general_names == other._general_names
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._general_names))
+
+
+class SubjectAlternativeName(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self, general_names: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        self._general_names = GeneralNames(general_names)
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_general_names")
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier]
+        | type[RFC822Name],
+    ) -> list[str]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DirectoryName],
+    ) -> list[Name]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[RegisteredID],
+    ) -> list[ObjectIdentifier]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[IPAddress]
+    ) -> list[_IPAddressTypes]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[OtherName]
+    ) -> list[OtherName]: ...
+
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[DirectoryName]
+        | type[IPAddress]
+        | type[OtherName]
+        | type[RFC822Name]
+        | type[RegisteredID]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier],
+    ) -> (
+        list[_IPAddressTypes]
+        | list[str]
+        | list[OtherName]
+        | list[Name]
+        | list[ObjectIdentifier]
+    ):
+        return self._general_names.get_values_for_type(type)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SubjectAlternativeName({self._general_names})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SubjectAlternativeName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._general_names == other._general_names
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._general_names)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class IssuerAlternativeName(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
+
+    def __init__(self, general_names: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        self._general_names = GeneralNames(general_names)
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_general_names")
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier]
+        | type[RFC822Name],
+    ) -> list[str]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DirectoryName],
+    ) -> list[Name]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[RegisteredID],
+    ) -> list[ObjectIdentifier]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[IPAddress]
+    ) -> list[_IPAddressTypes]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[OtherName]
+    ) -> list[OtherName]: ...
+
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[DirectoryName]
+        | type[IPAddress]
+        | type[OtherName]
+        | type[RFC822Name]
+        | type[RegisteredID]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier],
+    ) -> (
+        list[_IPAddressTypes]
+        | list[str]
+        | list[OtherName]
+        | list[Name]
+        | list[ObjectIdentifier]
+    ):
+        return self._general_names.get_values_for_type(type)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<IssuerAlternativeName({self._general_names})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, IssuerAlternativeName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._general_names == other._general_names
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._general_names)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class CertificateIssuer(ExtensionType):
+    oid = CRLEntryExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_ISSUER
+
+    def __init__(self, general_names: typing.Iterable[GeneralName]) -> None:
+        self._general_names = GeneralNames(general_names)
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_general_names")
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier]
+        | type[RFC822Name],
+    ) -> list[str]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DirectoryName],
+    ) -> list[Name]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[RegisteredID],
+    ) -> list[ObjectIdentifier]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[IPAddress]
+    ) -> list[_IPAddressTypes]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self, type: type[OtherName]
+    ) -> list[OtherName]: ...
+
+    def get_values_for_type(
+        self,
+        type: type[DNSName]
+        | type[DirectoryName]
+        | type[IPAddress]
+        | type[OtherName]
+        | type[RFC822Name]
+        | type[RegisteredID]
+        | type[UniformResourceIdentifier],
+    ) -> (
+        list[_IPAddressTypes]
+        | list[str]
+        | list[OtherName]
+        | list[Name]
+        | list[ObjectIdentifier]
+    ):
+        return self._general_names.get_values_for_type(type)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CertificateIssuer({self._general_names})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, CertificateIssuer):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._general_names == other._general_names
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._general_names)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class CRLReason(ExtensionType):
+    oid = CRLEntryExtensionOID.CRL_REASON
+
+    def __init__(self, reason: ReasonFlags) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(reason, ReasonFlags):
+            raise TypeError("reason must be an element from ReasonFlags")
+
+        self._reason = reason
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CRLReason(reason={self._reason})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, CRLReason):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.reason == other.reason
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.reason)
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self) -> ReasonFlags:
+        return self._reason
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class InvalidityDate(ExtensionType):
+    oid = CRLEntryExtensionOID.INVALIDITY_DATE
+
+    def __init__(self, invalidity_date: datetime.datetime) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(invalidity_date, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("invalidity_date must be a datetime.datetime")
+
+        self._invalidity_date = invalidity_date
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<InvalidityDate(invalidity_date={self._invalidity_date})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, InvalidityDate):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.invalidity_date == other.invalidity_date
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.invalidity_date)
+
+    @property
+    def invalidity_date(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        return self._invalidity_date
+
+    @property
+    def invalidity_date_utc(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        if self._invalidity_date.tzinfo is None:
+            return self._invalidity_date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+        else:
+            return self._invalidity_date.astimezone(tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.PRECERT_SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        signed_certificate_timestamps: typing.Iterable[
+            SignedCertificateTimestamp
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        signed_certificate_timestamps = list(signed_certificate_timestamps)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(sct, SignedCertificateTimestamp)
+            for sct in signed_certificate_timestamps
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the signed_certificate_timestamps list must be "
+                "a SignedCertificateTimestamp"
+            )
+        self._signed_certificate_timestamps = signed_certificate_timestamps
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods(
+        "_signed_certificate_timestamps"
+    )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps({list(self)})>"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._signed_certificate_timestamps))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self._signed_certificate_timestamps
+            == other._signed_certificate_timestamps
+        )
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class SignedCertificateTimestamps(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        signed_certificate_timestamps: typing.Iterable[
+            SignedCertificateTimestamp
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        signed_certificate_timestamps = list(signed_certificate_timestamps)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(sct, SignedCertificateTimestamp)
+            for sct in signed_certificate_timestamps
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the signed_certificate_timestamps list must be "
+                "a SignedCertificateTimestamp"
+            )
+        self._signed_certificate_timestamps = signed_certificate_timestamps
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods(
+        "_signed_certificate_timestamps"
+    )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SignedCertificateTimestamps({list(self)})>"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._signed_certificate_timestamps))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SignedCertificateTimestamps):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self._signed_certificate_timestamps
+            == other._signed_certificate_timestamps
+        )
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class OCSPNonce(ExtensionType):
+    oid = OCSPExtensionOID.NONCE
+
+    def __init__(self, nonce: bytes) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(nonce, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("nonce must be bytes")
+
+        self._nonce = nonce
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, OCSPNonce):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.nonce == other.nonce
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.nonce)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<OCSPNonce(nonce={self.nonce!r})>"
+
+    @property
+    def nonce(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._nonce
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class OCSPAcceptableResponses(ExtensionType):
+    oid = OCSPExtensionOID.ACCEPTABLE_RESPONSES
+
+    def __init__(self, responses: typing.Iterable[ObjectIdentifier]) -> None:
+        responses = list(responses)
+        if any(not isinstance(r, ObjectIdentifier) for r in responses):
+            raise TypeError("All responses must be ObjectIdentifiers")
+
+        self._responses = responses
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, OCSPAcceptableResponses):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._responses == other._responses
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple(self._responses))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<OCSPAcceptableResponses(responses={self._responses})>"
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[ObjectIdentifier]:
+        return iter(self._responses)
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class IssuingDistributionPoint(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.ISSUING_DISTRIBUTION_POINT
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        full_name: typing.Iterable[GeneralName] | None,
+        relative_name: RelativeDistinguishedName | None,
+        only_contains_user_certs: bool,
+        only_contains_ca_certs: bool,
+        only_some_reasons: frozenset[ReasonFlags] | None,
+        indirect_crl: bool,
+        only_contains_attribute_certs: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        if full_name is not None:
+            full_name = list(full_name)
+
+        if only_some_reasons and (
+            not isinstance(only_some_reasons, frozenset)
+            or not all(isinstance(x, ReasonFlags) for x in only_some_reasons)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "only_some_reasons must be None or frozenset of ReasonFlags"
+            )
+
+        if only_some_reasons and (
+            ReasonFlags.unspecified in only_some_reasons
+            or ReasonFlags.remove_from_crl in only_some_reasons
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "unspecified and remove_from_crl are not valid reasons in an "
+                "IssuingDistributionPoint"
+            )
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(only_contains_user_certs, bool)
+            and isinstance(only_contains_ca_certs, bool)
+            and isinstance(indirect_crl, bool)
+            and isinstance(only_contains_attribute_certs, bool)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "only_contains_user_certs, only_contains_ca_certs, "
+                "indirect_crl and only_contains_attribute_certs "
+                "must all be boolean."
+            )
+
+        # Per RFC5280 Section 5.2.5, the Issuing Distribution Point extension
+        # in a CRL can have only one of onlyContainsUserCerts,
+        # onlyContainsCACerts, onlyContainsAttributeCerts set to TRUE.
+        crl_constraints = [
+            only_contains_user_certs,
+            only_contains_ca_certs,
+            only_contains_attribute_certs,
+        ]
+
+        if len([x for x in crl_constraints if x]) > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Only one of the following can be set to True: "
+                "only_contains_user_certs, only_contains_ca_certs, "
+                "only_contains_attribute_certs"
+            )
+
+        if not any(
+            [
+                only_contains_user_certs,
+                only_contains_ca_certs,
+                indirect_crl,
+                only_contains_attribute_certs,
+                full_name,
+                relative_name,
+                only_some_reasons,
+            ]
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot create empty extension: "
+                "if only_contains_user_certs, only_contains_ca_certs, "
+                "indirect_crl, and only_contains_attribute_certs are all False"
+                ", then either full_name, relative_name, or only_some_reasons "
+                "must have a value."
+            )
+
+        self._only_contains_user_certs = only_contains_user_certs
+        self._only_contains_ca_certs = only_contains_ca_certs
+        self._indirect_crl = indirect_crl
+        self._only_contains_attribute_certs = only_contains_attribute_certs
+        self._only_some_reasons = only_some_reasons
+        self._full_name = full_name
+        self._relative_name = relative_name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<IssuingDistributionPoint(full_name={self.full_name}, "
+            f"relative_name={self.relative_name}, "
+            f"only_contains_user_certs={self.only_contains_user_certs}, "
+            f"only_contains_ca_certs={self.only_contains_ca_certs}, "
+            f"only_some_reasons={self.only_some_reasons}, "
+            f"indirect_crl={self.indirect_crl}, "
+            "only_contains_attribute_certs="
+            f"{self.only_contains_attribute_certs})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, IssuingDistributionPoint):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.full_name == other.full_name
+            and self.relative_name == other.relative_name
+            and self.only_contains_user_certs == other.only_contains_user_certs
+            and self.only_contains_ca_certs == other.only_contains_ca_certs
+            and self.only_some_reasons == other.only_some_reasons
+            and self.indirect_crl == other.indirect_crl
+            and self.only_contains_attribute_certs
+            == other.only_contains_attribute_certs
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.full_name,
+                self.relative_name,
+                self.only_contains_user_certs,
+                self.only_contains_ca_certs,
+                self.only_some_reasons,
+                self.indirect_crl,
+                self.only_contains_attribute_certs,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self) -> list[GeneralName] | None:
+        return self._full_name
+
+    @property
+    def relative_name(self) -> RelativeDistinguishedName | None:
+        return self._relative_name
+
+    @property
+    def only_contains_user_certs(self) -> bool:
+        return self._only_contains_user_certs
+
+    @property
+    def only_contains_ca_certs(self) -> bool:
+        return self._only_contains_ca_certs
+
+    @property
+    def only_some_reasons(
+        self,
+    ) -> frozenset[ReasonFlags] | None:
+        return self._only_some_reasons
+
+    @property
+    def indirect_crl(self) -> bool:
+        return self._indirect_crl
+
+    @property
+    def only_contains_attribute_certs(self) -> bool:
+        return self._only_contains_attribute_certs
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class MSCertificateTemplate(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.MS_CERTIFICATE_TEMPLATE
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        template_id: ObjectIdentifier,
+        major_version: int | None,
+        minor_version: int | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(template_id, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("oid must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+        self._template_id = template_id
+        if (
+            major_version is not None and not isinstance(major_version, int)
+        ) or (
+            minor_version is not None and not isinstance(minor_version, int)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "major_version and minor_version must be integers or None"
+            )
+        self._major_version = major_version
+        self._minor_version = minor_version
+
+    @property
+    def template_id(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._template_id
+
+    @property
+    def major_version(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._major_version
+
+    @property
+    def minor_version(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._minor_version
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<MSCertificateTemplate(template_id={self.template_id}, "
+            f"major_version={self.major_version}, "
+            f"minor_version={self.minor_version})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, MSCertificateTemplate):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.template_id == other.template_id
+            and self.major_version == other.major_version
+            and self.minor_version == other.minor_version
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.template_id, self.major_version, self.minor_version))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class NamingAuthority:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: ObjectIdentifier | None,
+        url: str | None,
+        text: str | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if id is not None and not isinstance(id, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("id must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+
+        if url is not None and not isinstance(url, str):
+            raise TypeError("url must be a str")
+
+        if text is not None and not isinstance(text, str):
+            raise TypeError("text must be a str")
+
+        self._id = id
+        self._url = url
+        self._text = text
+
+    @property
+    def id(self) -> ObjectIdentifier | None:
+        return self._id
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def text(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._text
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<NamingAuthority("
+            f"id={self.id}, url={self.url}, text={self.text})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, NamingAuthority):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.id == other.id
+            and self.url == other.url
+            and self.text == other.text
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.id,
+                self.url,
+                self.text,
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class ProfessionInfo:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        naming_authority: NamingAuthority | None,
+        profession_items: typing.Iterable[str],
+        profession_oids: typing.Iterable[ObjectIdentifier] | None,
+        registration_number: str | None,
+        add_profession_info: bytes | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if naming_authority is not None and not isinstance(
+            naming_authority, NamingAuthority
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("naming_authority must be a NamingAuthority")
+
+        profession_items = list(profession_items)
+        if not all(isinstance(item, str) for item in profession_items):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the profession_items list must be a str"
+            )
+
+        if profession_oids is not None:
+            profession_oids = list(profession_oids)
+            if not all(
+                isinstance(oid, ObjectIdentifier) for oid in profession_oids
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Every item in the profession_oids list must be an "
+                    "ObjectIdentifier"
+                )
+
+        if registration_number is not None and not isinstance(
+            registration_number, str
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("registration_number must be a str")
+
+        if add_profession_info is not None and not isinstance(
+            add_profession_info, bytes
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("add_profession_info must be bytes")
+
+        self._naming_authority = naming_authority
+        self._profession_items = profession_items
+        self._profession_oids = profession_oids
+        self._registration_number = registration_number
+        self._add_profession_info = add_profession_info
+
+    @property
+    def naming_authority(self) -> NamingAuthority | None:
+        return self._naming_authority
+
+    @property
+    def profession_items(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self._profession_items
+
+    @property
+    def profession_oids(self) -> list[ObjectIdentifier] | None:
+        return self._profession_oids
+
+    @property
+    def registration_number(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._registration_number
+
+    @property
+    def add_profession_info(self) -> bytes | None:
+        return self._add_profession_info
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<ProfessionInfo(naming_authority={self.naming_authority}, "
+            f"profession_items={self.profession_items}, "
+            f"profession_oids={self.profession_oids}, "
+            f"registration_number={self.registration_number}, "
+            f"add_profession_info={self.add_profession_info!r})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, ProfessionInfo):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.naming_authority == other.naming_authority
+            and self.profession_items == other.profession_items
+            and self.profession_oids == other.profession_oids
+            and self.registration_number == other.registration_number
+            and self.add_profession_info == other.add_profession_info
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self.profession_oids is not None:
+            profession_oids = tuple(self.profession_oids)
+        else:
+            profession_oids = None
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.naming_authority,
+                tuple(self.profession_items),
+                profession_oids,
+                self.registration_number,
+                self.add_profession_info,
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class Admission:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        admission_authority: GeneralName | None,
+        naming_authority: NamingAuthority | None,
+        profession_infos: typing.Iterable[ProfessionInfo],
+    ) -> None:
+        if admission_authority is not None and not isinstance(
+            admission_authority, GeneralName
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("admission_authority must be a GeneralName")
+
+        if naming_authority is not None and not isinstance(
+            naming_authority, NamingAuthority
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("naming_authority must be a NamingAuthority")
+
+        profession_infos = list(profession_infos)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(info, ProfessionInfo) for info in profession_infos
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the profession_infos list must be a "
+                "ProfessionInfo"
+            )
+
+        self._admission_authority = admission_authority
+        self._naming_authority = naming_authority
+        self._profession_infos = profession_infos
+
+    @property
+    def admission_authority(self) -> GeneralName | None:
+        return self._admission_authority
+
+    @property
+    def naming_authority(self) -> NamingAuthority | None:
+        return self._naming_authority
+
+    @property
+    def profession_infos(self) -> list[ProfessionInfo]:
+        return self._profession_infos
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<Admission(admission_authority={self.admission_authority}, "
+            f"naming_authority={self.naming_authority}, "
+            f"profession_infos={self.profession_infos})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Admission):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.admission_authority == other.admission_authority
+            and self.naming_authority == other.naming_authority
+            and self.profession_infos == other.profession_infos
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.admission_authority,
+                self.naming_authority,
+                tuple(self.profession_infos),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class Admissions(ExtensionType):
+    oid = ExtensionOID.ADMISSIONS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        authority: GeneralName | None,
+        admissions: typing.Iterable[Admission],
+    ) -> None:
+        if authority is not None and not isinstance(authority, GeneralName):
+            raise TypeError("authority must be a GeneralName")
+
+        admissions = list(admissions)
+        if not all(
+            isinstance(admission, Admission) for admission in admissions
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Every item in the contents_of_admissions list must be an "
+                "Admission"
+            )
+
+        self._authority = authority
+        self._admissions = admissions
+
+    __len__, __iter__, __getitem__ = _make_sequence_methods("_admissions")
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self) -> GeneralName | None:
+        return self._authority
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<Admissions(authority={self._authority}, "
+            f"admissions={self._admissions})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Admissions):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.authority == other.authority
+            and self._admissions == other._admissions
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.authority, tuple(self._admissions)))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_extension_value(self)
+
+
+class UnrecognizedExtension(ExtensionType):
+    def __init__(self, oid: ObjectIdentifier, value: bytes) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(oid, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("oid must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+        self._oid = oid
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def oid(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._oid
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<UnrecognizedExtension(oid={self.oid}, "
+            f"value={self.value!r})>"
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, UnrecognizedExtension):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.oid == other.oid and self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.oid, self.value))
+
+    def public_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/general_name.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/general_name.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..672f287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/general_name.py
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import ipaddress
+import typing
+from email.utils import parseaddr
+
+from cryptography.x509.name import Name
+from cryptography.x509.oid import ObjectIdentifier
+
+_IPAddressTypes = typing.Union[
+    ipaddress.IPv4Address,
+    ipaddress.IPv6Address,
+    ipaddress.IPv4Network,
+    ipaddress.IPv6Network,
+]
+
+
+class UnsupportedGeneralNameType(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class GeneralName(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def value(self) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Return the value of the object
+        """
+
+
+class RFC822Name(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                value.encode("ascii")
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "RFC822Name values should be passed as an A-label string. "
+                    "This means unicode characters should be encoded via "
+                    "a library like idna."
+                )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("value must be string")
+
+        name, address = parseaddr(value)
+        if name or not address:
+            # parseaddr has found a name (e.g. Name <email>) or the entire
+            # value is an empty string.
+            raise ValueError("Invalid rfc822name value")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_without_validation(cls, value: str) -> RFC822Name:
+        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
+        instance._value = value
+        return instance
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RFC822Name(value={self.value!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RFC822Name):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class DNSName(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                value.encode("ascii")
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "DNSName values should be passed as an A-label string. "
+                    "This means unicode characters should be encoded via "
+                    "a library like idna."
+                )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("value must be string")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_without_validation(cls, value: str) -> DNSName:
+        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
+        instance._value = value
+        return instance
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<DNSName(value={self.value!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, DNSName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class UniformResourceIdentifier(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                value.encode("ascii")
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "URI values should be passed as an A-label string. "
+                    "This means unicode characters should be encoded via "
+                    "a library like idna."
+                )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("value must be string")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_without_validation(cls, value: str) -> UniformResourceIdentifier:
+        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
+        instance._value = value
+        return instance
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<UniformResourceIdentifier(value={self.value!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, UniformResourceIdentifier):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class DirectoryName(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: Name) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, Name):
+            raise TypeError("value must be a Name")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> Name:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<DirectoryName(value={self.value})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, DirectoryName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class RegisteredID(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: ObjectIdentifier) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("value must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RegisteredID(value={self.value})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RegisteredID):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class IPAddress(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, value: _IPAddressTypes) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(
+            value,
+            (
+                ipaddress.IPv4Address,
+                ipaddress.IPv6Address,
+                ipaddress.IPv4Network,
+                ipaddress.IPv6Network,
+            ),
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "value must be an instance of ipaddress.IPv4Address, "
+                "ipaddress.IPv6Address, ipaddress.IPv4Network, or "
+                "ipaddress.IPv6Network"
+            )
+
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> _IPAddressTypes:
+        return self._value
+
+    def _packed(self) -> bytes:
+        if isinstance(
+            self.value, (ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address)
+        ):
+            return self.value.packed
+        else:
+            return (
+                self.value.network_address.packed + self.value.netmask.packed
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<IPAddress(value={self.value})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, IPAddress):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+
+class OtherName(GeneralName):
+    def __init__(self, type_id: ObjectIdentifier, value: bytes) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(type_id, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError("type_id must be an ObjectIdentifier")
+        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("value must be a binary string")
+
+        self._type_id = type_id
+        self._value = value
+
+    @property
+    def type_id(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._type_id
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<OtherName(type_id={self.type_id}, value={self.value!r})>"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, OtherName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.type_id == other.type_id and self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.type_id, self.value))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/name.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/name.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b6b89d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/name.py
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import binascii
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+from cryptography import utils
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import x509 as rust_x509
+from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID, ObjectIdentifier
+
+
+class _ASN1Type(utils.Enum):
+    BitString = 3
+    OctetString = 4
+    UTF8String = 12
+    NumericString = 18
+    PrintableString = 19
+    T61String = 20
+    IA5String = 22
+    UTCTime = 23
+    GeneralizedTime = 24
+    VisibleString = 26
+    UniversalString = 28
+    BMPString = 30
+
+
+_ASN1_TYPE_TO_ENUM = {i.value: i for i in _ASN1Type}
+_NAMEOID_DEFAULT_TYPE: dict[ObjectIdentifier, _ASN1Type] = {
+    NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME: _ASN1Type.PrintableString,
+    NameOID.JURISDICTION_COUNTRY_NAME: _ASN1Type.PrintableString,
+    NameOID.SERIAL_NUMBER: _ASN1Type.PrintableString,
+    NameOID.DN_QUALIFIER: _ASN1Type.PrintableString,
+    NameOID.EMAIL_ADDRESS: _ASN1Type.IA5String,
+    NameOID.DOMAIN_COMPONENT: _ASN1Type.IA5String,
+}
+
+# Type alias
+_OidNameMap = typing.Mapping[ObjectIdentifier, str]
+_NameOidMap = typing.Mapping[str, ObjectIdentifier]
+
+#: Short attribute names from RFC 4514:
+#: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4514#page-7
+_NAMEOID_TO_NAME: _OidNameMap = {
+    NameOID.COMMON_NAME: "CN",
+    NameOID.LOCALITY_NAME: "L",
+    NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME: "ST",
+    NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME: "O",
+    NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME: "OU",
+    NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME: "C",
+    NameOID.STREET_ADDRESS: "STREET",
+    NameOID.DOMAIN_COMPONENT: "DC",
+    NameOID.USER_ID: "UID",
+}
+_NAME_TO_NAMEOID = {v: k for k, v in _NAMEOID_TO_NAME.items()}
+
+_NAMEOID_LENGTH_LIMIT = {
+    NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME: (2, 2),
+    NameOID.JURISDICTION_COUNTRY_NAME: (2, 2),
+    NameOID.COMMON_NAME: (1, 64),
+}
+
+
+def _escape_dn_value(val: str | bytes) -> str:
+    """Escape special characters in RFC4514 Distinguished Name value."""
+
+    if not val:
+        return ""
+
+    # RFC 4514 Section 2.4 defines the value as being the # (U+0023) character
+    # followed by the hexadecimal encoding of the octets.
+    if isinstance(val, bytes):
+        return "#" + binascii.hexlify(val).decode("utf8")
+
+    # See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4514#section-2.4
+    val = val.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+    val = val.replace('"', '\\"')
+    val = val.replace("+", "\\+")
+    val = val.replace(",", "\\,")
+    val = val.replace(";", "\\;")
+    val = val.replace("<", "\\<")
+    val = val.replace(">", "\\>")
+    val = val.replace("\0", "\\00")
+
+    if val[0] in ("#", " "):
+        val = "\\" + val
+    if val[-1] == " ":
+        val = val[:-1] + "\\ "
+
+    return val
+
+
+def _unescape_dn_value(val: str) -> str:
+    if not val:
+        return ""
+
+    # See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4514#section-3
+
+    # special = escaped / SPACE / SHARP / EQUALS
+    # escaped = DQUOTE / PLUS / COMMA / SEMI / LANGLE / RANGLE
+    def sub(m):
+        val = m.group(1)
+        # Regular escape
+        if len(val) == 1:
+            return val
+        # Hex-value scape
+        return chr(int(val, 16))
+
+    return _RFC4514NameParser._PAIR_RE.sub(sub, val)
+
+
+class NameAttribute:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        oid: ObjectIdentifier,
+        value: str | bytes,
+        _type: _ASN1Type | None = None,
+        *,
+        _validate: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(oid, ObjectIdentifier):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "oid argument must be an ObjectIdentifier instance."
+            )
+        if _type == _ASN1Type.BitString:
+            if oid != NameOID.X500_UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "oid must be X500_UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER for BitString type."
+                )
+            if not isinstance(value, bytes):
+                raise TypeError("value must be bytes for BitString")
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(value, str):
+                raise TypeError("value argument must be a str")
+
+        length_limits = _NAMEOID_LENGTH_LIMIT.get(oid)
+        if length_limits is not None:
+            min_length, max_length = length_limits
+            assert isinstance(value, str)
+            c_len = len(value.encode("utf8"))
+            if c_len < min_length or c_len > max_length:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Attribute's length must be >= {min_length} and "
+                    f"<= {max_length}, but it was {c_len}"
+                )
+                if _validate is True:
+                    raise ValueError(msg)
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(msg, stacklevel=2)
+
+        # The appropriate ASN1 string type varies by OID and is defined across
+        # multiple RFCs including 2459, 3280, and 5280. In general UTF8String
+        # is preferred (2459), but 3280 and 5280 specify several OIDs with
+        # alternate types. This means when we see the sentinel value we need
+        # to look up whether the OID has a non-UTF8 type. If it does, set it
+        # to that. Otherwise, UTF8!
+        if _type is None:
+            _type = _NAMEOID_DEFAULT_TYPE.get(oid, _ASN1Type.UTF8String)
+
+        if not isinstance(_type, _ASN1Type):
+            raise TypeError("_type must be from the _ASN1Type enum")
+
+        self._oid = oid
+        self._value = value
+        self._type = _type
+
+    @property
+    def oid(self) -> ObjectIdentifier:
+        return self._oid
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str | bytes:
+        return self._value
+
+    @property
+    def rfc4514_attribute_name(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The short attribute name (for example "CN") if available,
+        otherwise the OID dotted string.
+        """
+        return _NAMEOID_TO_NAME.get(self.oid, self.oid.dotted_string)
+
+    def rfc4514_string(
+        self, attr_name_overrides: _OidNameMap | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Format as RFC4514 Distinguished Name string.
+
+        Use short attribute name if available, otherwise fall back to OID
+        dotted string.
+        """
+        attr_name = (
+            attr_name_overrides.get(self.oid) if attr_name_overrides else None
+        )
+        if attr_name is None:
+            attr_name = self.rfc4514_attribute_name
+
+        return f"{attr_name}={_escape_dn_value(self.value)}"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, NameAttribute):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.oid == other.oid and self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.oid, self.value))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<NameAttribute(oid={self.oid}, value={self.value!r})>"
+
+
+class RelativeDistinguishedName:
+    def __init__(self, attributes: typing.Iterable[NameAttribute]):
+        attributes = list(attributes)
+        if not attributes:
+            raise ValueError("a relative distinguished name cannot be empty")
+        if not all(isinstance(x, NameAttribute) for x in attributes):
+            raise TypeError("attributes must be an iterable of NameAttribute")
+
+        # Keep list and frozenset to preserve attribute order where it matters
+        self._attributes = attributes
+        self._attribute_set = frozenset(attributes)
+
+        if len(self._attribute_set) != len(attributes):
+            raise ValueError("duplicate attributes are not allowed")
+
+    def get_attributes_for_oid(
+        self, oid: ObjectIdentifier
+    ) -> list[NameAttribute]:
+        return [i for i in self if i.oid == oid]
+
+    def rfc4514_string(
+        self, attr_name_overrides: _OidNameMap | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Format as RFC4514 Distinguished Name string.
+
+        Within each RDN, attributes are joined by '+', although that is rarely
+        used in certificates.
+        """
+        return "+".join(
+            attr.rfc4514_string(attr_name_overrides)
+            for attr in self._attributes
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RelativeDistinguishedName):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._attribute_set == other._attribute_set
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._attribute_set)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[NameAttribute]:
+        return iter(self._attributes)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._attributes)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RelativeDistinguishedName({self.rfc4514_string()})>"
+
+
+class Name:
+    @typing.overload
+    def __init__(self, attributes: typing.Iterable[NameAttribute]) -> None: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self, attributes: typing.Iterable[RelativeDistinguishedName]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        attributes: typing.Iterable[NameAttribute | RelativeDistinguishedName],
+    ) -> None:
+        attributes = list(attributes)
+        if all(isinstance(x, NameAttribute) for x in attributes):
+            self._attributes = [
+                RelativeDistinguishedName([typing.cast(NameAttribute, x)])
+                for x in attributes
+            ]
+        elif all(isinstance(x, RelativeDistinguishedName) for x in attributes):
+            self._attributes = typing.cast(
+                typing.List[RelativeDistinguishedName], attributes
+            )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "attributes must be a list of NameAttribute"
+                " or a list RelativeDistinguishedName"
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_rfc4514_string(
+        cls,
+        data: str,
+        attr_name_overrides: _NameOidMap | None = None,
+    ) -> Name:
+        return _RFC4514NameParser(data, attr_name_overrides or {}).parse()
+
+    def rfc4514_string(
+        self, attr_name_overrides: _OidNameMap | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Format as RFC4514 Distinguished Name string.
+        For example 'CN=foobar.com,O=Foo Corp,C=US'
+
+        An X.509 name is a two-level structure: a list of sets of attributes.
+        Each list element is separated by ',' and within each list element, set
+        elements are separated by '+'. The latter is almost never used in
+        real world certificates. According to RFC4514 section 2.1 the
+        RDNSequence must be reversed when converting to string representation.
+        """
+        return ",".join(
+            attr.rfc4514_string(attr_name_overrides)
+            for attr in reversed(self._attributes)
+        )
+
+    def get_attributes_for_oid(
+        self, oid: ObjectIdentifier
+    ) -> list[NameAttribute]:
+        return [i for i in self if i.oid == oid]
+
+    @property
+    def rdns(self) -> list[RelativeDistinguishedName]:
+        return self._attributes
+
+    def public_bytes(self, backend: typing.Any = None) -> bytes:
+        return rust_x509.encode_name_bytes(self)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Name):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._attributes == other._attributes
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # TODO: this is relatively expensive, if this looks like a bottleneck
+        # for you, consider optimizing!
+        return hash(tuple(self._attributes))
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[NameAttribute]:
+        for rdn in self._attributes:
+            yield from rdn
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return sum(len(rdn) for rdn in self._attributes)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        rdns = ",".join(attr.rfc4514_string() for attr in self._attributes)
+        return f"<Name({rdns})>"
+
+
+class _RFC4514NameParser:
+    _OID_RE = re.compile(r"(0|([1-9]\d*))(\.(0|([1-9]\d*)))+")
+    _DESCR_RE = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\d-]*")
+
+    _PAIR = r"\\([\\ #=\"\+,;<>]|[\da-zA-Z]{2})"
+    _PAIR_RE = re.compile(_PAIR)
+    _LUTF1 = r"[\x01-\x1f\x21\x24-\x2A\x2D-\x3A\x3D\x3F-\x5B\x5D-\x7F]"
+    _SUTF1 = r"[\x01-\x21\x23-\x2A\x2D-\x3A\x3D\x3F-\x5B\x5D-\x7F]"
+    _TUTF1 = r"[\x01-\x1F\x21\x23-\x2A\x2D-\x3A\x3D\x3F-\x5B\x5D-\x7F]"
+    _UTFMB = rf"[\x80-{chr(sys.maxunicode)}]"
+    _LEADCHAR = rf"{_LUTF1}|{_UTFMB}"
+    _STRINGCHAR = rf"{_SUTF1}|{_UTFMB}"
+    _TRAILCHAR = rf"{_TUTF1}|{_UTFMB}"
+    _STRING_RE = re.compile(
+        rf"""
+        (
+            ({_LEADCHAR}|{_PAIR})
+            (
+                ({_STRINGCHAR}|{_PAIR})*
+                ({_TRAILCHAR}|{_PAIR})
+            )?
+        )?
+        """,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+    _HEXSTRING_RE = re.compile(r"#([\da-zA-Z]{2})+")
+
+    def __init__(self, data: str, attr_name_overrides: _NameOidMap) -> None:
+        self._data = data
+        self._idx = 0
+
+        self._attr_name_overrides = attr_name_overrides
+
+    def _has_data(self) -> bool:
+        return self._idx < len(self._data)
+
+    def _peek(self) -> str | None:
+        if self._has_data():
+            return self._data[self._idx]
+        return None
+
+    def _read_char(self, ch: str) -> None:
+        if self._peek() != ch:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._idx += 1
+
+    def _read_re(self, pat) -> str:
+        match = pat.match(self._data, pos=self._idx)
+        if match is None:
+            raise ValueError
+        val = match.group()
+        self._idx += len(val)
+        return val
+
+    def parse(self) -> Name:
+        """
+        Parses the `data` string and converts it to a Name.
+
+        According to RFC4514 section 2.1 the RDNSequence must be
+        reversed when converting to string representation. So, when
+        we parse it, we need to reverse again to get the RDNs on the
+        correct order.
+        """
+
+        if not self._has_data():
+            return Name([])
+
+        rdns = [self._parse_rdn()]
+
+        while self._has_data():
+            self._read_char(",")
+            rdns.append(self._parse_rdn())
+
+        return Name(reversed(rdns))
+
+    def _parse_rdn(self) -> RelativeDistinguishedName:
+        nas = [self._parse_na()]
+        while self._peek() == "+":
+            self._read_char("+")
+            nas.append(self._parse_na())
+
+        return RelativeDistinguishedName(nas)
+
+    def _parse_na(self) -> NameAttribute:
+        try:
+            oid_value = self._read_re(self._OID_RE)
+        except ValueError:
+            name = self._read_re(self._DESCR_RE)
+            oid = self._attr_name_overrides.get(
+                name, _NAME_TO_NAMEOID.get(name)
+            )
+            if oid is None:
+                raise ValueError
+        else:
+            oid = ObjectIdentifier(oid_value)
+
+        self._read_char("=")
+        if self._peek() == "#":
+            value = self._read_re(self._HEXSTRING_RE)
+            value = binascii.unhexlify(value[1:]).decode()
+        else:
+            raw_value = self._read_re(self._STRING_RE)
+            value = _unescape_dn_value(raw_value)
+
+        return NameAttribute(oid, value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/ocsp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/ocsp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a011c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/ocsp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import typing
+
+from cryptography import utils, x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import ocsp
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types import (
+    CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+)
+from cryptography.x509.base import (
+    _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME,
+    _convert_to_naive_utc_time,
+    _reject_duplicate_extension,
+)
+
+
+class OCSPResponderEncoding(utils.Enum):
+    HASH = "By Hash"
+    NAME = "By Name"
+
+
+class OCSPResponseStatus(utils.Enum):
+    SUCCESSFUL = 0
+    MALFORMED_REQUEST = 1
+    INTERNAL_ERROR = 2
+    TRY_LATER = 3
+    SIG_REQUIRED = 5
+    UNAUTHORIZED = 6
+
+
+_ALLOWED_HASHES = (
+    hashes.SHA1,
+    hashes.SHA224,
+    hashes.SHA256,
+    hashes.SHA384,
+    hashes.SHA512,
+)
+
+
+def _verify_algorithm(algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(algorithm, _ALLOWED_HASHES):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Algorithm must be SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, or SHA512"
+        )
+
+
+class OCSPCertStatus(utils.Enum):
+    GOOD = 0
+    REVOKED = 1
+    UNKNOWN = 2
+
+
+class _SingleResponse:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cert: x509.Certificate,
+        issuer: x509.Certificate,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        cert_status: OCSPCertStatus,
+        this_update: datetime.datetime,
+        next_update: datetime.datetime | None,
+        revocation_time: datetime.datetime | None,
+        revocation_reason: x509.ReasonFlags | None,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(cert, x509.Certificate) or not isinstance(
+            issuer, x509.Certificate
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("cert and issuer must be a Certificate")
+
+        _verify_algorithm(algorithm)
+        if not isinstance(this_update, datetime.datetime):
+            raise TypeError("this_update must be a datetime object")
+        if next_update is not None and not isinstance(
+            next_update, datetime.datetime
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("next_update must be a datetime object or None")
+
+        self._cert = cert
+        self._issuer = issuer
+        self._algorithm = algorithm
+        self._this_update = this_update
+        self._next_update = next_update
+
+        if not isinstance(cert_status, OCSPCertStatus):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "cert_status must be an item from the OCSPCertStatus enum"
+            )
+        if cert_status is not OCSPCertStatus.REVOKED:
+            if revocation_time is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "revocation_time can only be provided if the certificate "
+                    "is revoked"
+                )
+            if revocation_reason is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "revocation_reason can only be provided if the certificate"
+                    " is revoked"
+                )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(revocation_time, datetime.datetime):
+                raise TypeError("revocation_time must be a datetime object")
+
+            revocation_time = _convert_to_naive_utc_time(revocation_time)
+            if revocation_time < _EARLIEST_UTC_TIME:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The revocation_time must be on or after"
+                    " 1950 January 1."
+                )
+
+            if revocation_reason is not None and not isinstance(
+                revocation_reason, x509.ReasonFlags
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "revocation_reason must be an item from the ReasonFlags "
+                    "enum or None"
+                )
+
+        self._cert_status = cert_status
+        self._revocation_time = revocation_time
+        self._revocation_reason = revocation_reason
+
+
+OCSPRequest = ocsp.OCSPRequest
+OCSPResponse = ocsp.OCSPResponse
+OCSPSingleResponse = ocsp.OCSPSingleResponse
+
+
+class OCSPRequestBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        request: tuple[
+            x509.Certificate, x509.Certificate, hashes.HashAlgorithm
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        request_hash: tuple[bytes, bytes, int, hashes.HashAlgorithm]
+        | None = None,
+        extensions: list[x509.Extension[x509.ExtensionType]] = [],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._request = request
+        self._request_hash = request_hash
+        self._extensions = extensions
+
+    def add_certificate(
+        self,
+        cert: x509.Certificate,
+        issuer: x509.Certificate,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> OCSPRequestBuilder:
+        if self._request is not None or self._request_hash is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Only one certificate can be added to a request")
+
+        _verify_algorithm(algorithm)
+        if not isinstance(cert, x509.Certificate) or not isinstance(
+            issuer, x509.Certificate
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("cert and issuer must be a Certificate")
+
+        return OCSPRequestBuilder(
+            (cert, issuer, algorithm), self._request_hash, self._extensions
+        )
+
+    def add_certificate_by_hash(
+        self,
+        issuer_name_hash: bytes,
+        issuer_key_hash: bytes,
+        serial_number: int,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+    ) -> OCSPRequestBuilder:
+        if self._request is not None or self._request_hash is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Only one certificate can be added to a request")
+
+        if not isinstance(serial_number, int):
+            raise TypeError("serial_number must be an integer")
+
+        _verify_algorithm(algorithm)
+        utils._check_bytes("issuer_name_hash", issuer_name_hash)
+        utils._check_bytes("issuer_key_hash", issuer_key_hash)
+        if algorithm.digest_size != len(
+            issuer_name_hash
+        ) or algorithm.digest_size != len(issuer_key_hash):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "issuer_name_hash and issuer_key_hash must be the same length "
+                "as the digest size of the algorithm"
+            )
+
+        return OCSPRequestBuilder(
+            self._request,
+            (issuer_name_hash, issuer_key_hash, serial_number, algorithm),
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: x509.ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> OCSPRequestBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(extval, x509.ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = x509.Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+
+        return OCSPRequestBuilder(
+            self._request, self._request_hash, [*self._extensions, extension]
+        )
+
+    def build(self) -> OCSPRequest:
+        if self._request is None and self._request_hash is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must add a certificate before building")
+
+        return ocsp.create_ocsp_request(self)
+
+
+class OCSPResponseBuilder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        response: _SingleResponse | None = None,
+        responder_id: tuple[x509.Certificate, OCSPResponderEncoding]
+        | None = None,
+        certs: list[x509.Certificate] | None = None,
+        extensions: list[x509.Extension[x509.ExtensionType]] = [],
+    ):
+        self._response = response
+        self._responder_id = responder_id
+        self._certs = certs
+        self._extensions = extensions
+
+    def add_response(
+        self,
+        cert: x509.Certificate,
+        issuer: x509.Certificate,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm,
+        cert_status: OCSPCertStatus,
+        this_update: datetime.datetime,
+        next_update: datetime.datetime | None,
+        revocation_time: datetime.datetime | None,
+        revocation_reason: x509.ReasonFlags | None,
+    ) -> OCSPResponseBuilder:
+        if self._response is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Only one response per OCSPResponse.")
+
+        singleresp = _SingleResponse(
+            cert,
+            issuer,
+            algorithm,
+            cert_status,
+            this_update,
+            next_update,
+            revocation_time,
+            revocation_reason,
+        )
+        return OCSPResponseBuilder(
+            singleresp,
+            self._responder_id,
+            self._certs,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def responder_id(
+        self, encoding: OCSPResponderEncoding, responder_cert: x509.Certificate
+    ) -> OCSPResponseBuilder:
+        if self._responder_id is not None:
+            raise ValueError("responder_id can only be set once")
+        if not isinstance(responder_cert, x509.Certificate):
+            raise TypeError("responder_cert must be a Certificate")
+        if not isinstance(encoding, OCSPResponderEncoding):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "encoding must be an element from OCSPResponderEncoding"
+            )
+
+        return OCSPResponseBuilder(
+            self._response,
+            (responder_cert, encoding),
+            self._certs,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def certificates(
+        self, certs: typing.Iterable[x509.Certificate]
+    ) -> OCSPResponseBuilder:
+        if self._certs is not None:
+            raise ValueError("certificates may only be set once")
+        certs = list(certs)
+        if len(certs) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("certs must not be an empty list")
+        if not all(isinstance(x, x509.Certificate) for x in certs):
+            raise TypeError("certs must be a list of Certificates")
+        return OCSPResponseBuilder(
+            self._response,
+            self._responder_id,
+            certs,
+            self._extensions,
+        )
+
+    def add_extension(
+        self, extval: x509.ExtensionType, critical: bool
+    ) -> OCSPResponseBuilder:
+        if not isinstance(extval, x509.ExtensionType):
+            raise TypeError("extension must be an ExtensionType")
+
+        extension = x509.Extension(extval.oid, critical, extval)
+        _reject_duplicate_extension(extension, self._extensions)
+
+        return OCSPResponseBuilder(
+            self._response,
+            self._responder_id,
+            self._certs,
+            [*self._extensions, extension],
+        )
+
+    def sign(
+        self,
+        private_key: CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes,
+        algorithm: hashes.HashAlgorithm | None,
+    ) -> OCSPResponse:
+        if self._response is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must add a response before signing")
+        if self._responder_id is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must add a responder_id before signing")
+
+        return ocsp.create_ocsp_response(
+            OCSPResponseStatus.SUCCESSFUL, self, private_key, algorithm
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build_unsuccessful(
+        cls, response_status: OCSPResponseStatus
+    ) -> OCSPResponse:
+        if not isinstance(response_status, OCSPResponseStatus):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "response_status must be an item from OCSPResponseStatus"
+            )
+        if response_status is OCSPResponseStatus.SUCCESSFUL:
+            raise ValueError("response_status cannot be SUCCESSFUL")
+
+        return ocsp.create_ocsp_response(response_status, None, None, None)
+
+
+load_der_ocsp_request = ocsp.load_der_ocsp_request
+load_der_ocsp_response = ocsp.load_der_ocsp_response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/oid.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/oid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4e409e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/oid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from cryptography.hazmat._oid import (
+    AttributeOID,
+    AuthorityInformationAccessOID,
+    CertificatePoliciesOID,
+    CRLEntryExtensionOID,
+    ExtendedKeyUsageOID,
+    ExtensionOID,
+    NameOID,
+    ObjectIdentifier,
+    OCSPExtensionOID,
+    PublicKeyAlgorithmOID,
+    SignatureAlgorithmOID,
+    SubjectInformationAccessOID,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AttributeOID",
+    "AuthorityInformationAccessOID",
+    "CRLEntryExtensionOID",
+    "CertificatePoliciesOID",
+    "ExtendedKeyUsageOID",
+    "ExtensionOID",
+    "NameOID",
+    "OCSPExtensionOID",
+    "ObjectIdentifier",
+    "PublicKeyAlgorithmOID",
+    "SignatureAlgorithmOID",
+    "SubjectInformationAccessOID",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/verification.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/verification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b836506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography/x509/verification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import x509 as rust_x509
+from cryptography.x509.general_name import DNSName, IPAddress
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ClientVerifier",
+    "PolicyBuilder",
+    "ServerVerifier",
+    "Store",
+    "Subject",
+    "VerificationError",
+    "VerifiedClient",
+]
+
+Store = rust_x509.Store
+Subject = typing.Union[DNSName, IPAddress]
+VerifiedClient = rust_x509.VerifiedClient
+ClientVerifier = rust_x509.ClientVerifier
+ServerVerifier = rust_x509.ServerVerifier
+PolicyBuilder = rust_x509.PolicyBuilder
+VerificationError = rust_x509.VerificationError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f4c631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from .main import (dotenv_values, find_dotenv, get_key, load_dotenv, set_key,
+                   unset_key)
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython: Any) -> None:
+    from .ipython import load_ipython_extension
+    load_ipython_extension(ipython)
+
+
+def get_cli_string(
+    path: Optional[str] = None,
+    action: Optional[str] = None,
+    key: Optional[str] = None,
+    value: Optional[str] = None,
+    quote: Optional[str] = None,
+):
+    """Returns a string suitable for running as a shell script.
+
+    Useful for converting a arguments passed to a fabric task
+    to be passed to a `local` or `run` command.
+    """
+    command = ['dotenv']
+    if quote:
+        command.append(f'-q {quote}')
+    if path:
+        command.append(f'-f {path}')
+    if action:
+        command.append(action)
+        if key:
+            command.append(key)
+            if value:
+                if ' ' in value:
+                    command.append(f'"{value}"')
+                else:
+                    command.append(value)
+
+    return ' '.join(command).strip()
+
+
+__all__ = ['get_cli_string',
+           'load_dotenv',
+           'dotenv_values',
+           'get_key',
+           'set_key',
+           'unset_key',
+           'find_dotenv',
+           'load_ipython_extension']
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3977f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Entry point for cli, enables execution with `python -m dotenv`"""
+
+from .cli import cli
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ead46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import json
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from subprocess import Popen
+from typing import Any, Dict, IO, Iterator, List
+
+try:
+    import click
+except ImportError:
+    sys.stderr.write('It seems python-dotenv is not installed with cli option. \n'
+                     'Run pip install "python-dotenv[cli]" to fix this.')
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+from .main import dotenv_values, set_key, unset_key
+from .version import __version__
+
+
+def enumerate_env():
+    """
+    Return a path for the ${pwd}/.env file.
+
+    If pwd does not exist, return None.
+    """
+    try:
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    path = os.path.join(cwd, '.env')
+    return path
+
+
+@click.group()
+@click.option('-f', '--file', default=enumerate_env(),
+              type=click.Path(file_okay=True),
+              help="Location of the .env file, defaults to .env file in current working directory.")
+@click.option('-q', '--quote', default='always',
+              type=click.Choice(['always', 'never', 'auto']),
+              help="Whether to quote or not the variable values. Default mode is always. This does not affect parsing.")
+@click.option('-e', '--export', default=False,
+              type=click.BOOL,
+              help="Whether to write the dot file as an executable bash script.")
+@click.version_option(version=__version__)
+@click.pass_context
+def cli(ctx: click.Context, file: Any, quote: Any, export: Any) -> None:
+    """This script is used to set, get or unset values from a .env file."""
+    ctx.obj = {'QUOTE': quote, 'EXPORT': export, 'FILE': file}
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream_file(path: os.PathLike) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+    """
+    Open a file and yield the corresponding (decoded) stream.
+
+    Exits with error code 2 if the file cannot be opened.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        with open(path) as stream:
+            yield stream
+    except OSError as exc:
+        print(f"Error opening env file: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(2)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option('--format', default='simple',
+              type=click.Choice(['simple', 'json', 'shell', 'export']),
+              help="The format in which to display the list. Default format is simple, "
+                   "which displays name=value without quotes.")
+def list(ctx: click.Context, format: bool) -> None:
+    """Display all the stored key/value."""
+    file = ctx.obj['FILE']
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    if format == 'json':
+        click.echo(json.dumps(values, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        prefix = 'export ' if format == 'export' else ''
+        for k in sorted(values):
+            v = values[k]
+            if v is not None:
+                if format in ('export', 'shell'):
+                    v = shlex.quote(v)
+                click.echo(f'{prefix}{k}={v}')
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument('key', required=True)
+@click.argument('value', required=True)
+def set(ctx: click.Context, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+    """Store the given key/value."""
+    file = ctx.obj['FILE']
+    quote = ctx.obj['QUOTE']
+    export = ctx.obj['EXPORT']
+    success, key, value = set_key(file, key, value, quote, export)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f'{key}={value}')
+    else:
+        exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument('key', required=True)
+def get(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """Retrieve the value for the given key."""
+    file = ctx.obj['FILE']
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    stored_value = values.get(key)
+    if stored_value:
+        click.echo(stored_value)
+    else:
+        exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument('key', required=True)
+def unset(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """Removes the given key."""
+    file = ctx.obj['FILE']
+    quote = ctx.obj['QUOTE']
+    success, key = unset_key(file, key, quote)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f"Successfully removed {key}")
+    else:
+        exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command(context_settings={'ignore_unknown_options': True})
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option(
+    "--override/--no-override",
+    default=True,
+    help="Override variables from the environment file with those from the .env file.",
+)
+@click.argument('commandline', nargs=-1, type=click.UNPROCESSED)
+def run(ctx: click.Context, override: bool, commandline: List[str]) -> None:
+    """Run command with environment variables present."""
+    file = ctx.obj['FILE']
+    if not os.path.isfile(file):
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f'Invalid value for \'-f\' "{file}" does not exist.',
+            ctx=ctx
+        )
+    dotenv_as_dict = {
+        k: v
+        for (k, v) in dotenv_values(file).items()
+        if v is not None and (override or k not in os.environ)
+    }
+
+    if not commandline:
+        click.echo('No command given.')
+        exit(1)
+    ret = run_command(commandline, dotenv_as_dict)
+    exit(ret)
+
+
+def run_command(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> int:
+    """Run command in sub process.
+
+    Runs the command in a sub process with the variables from `env`
+    added in the current environment variables.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    command: List[str]
+        The command and it's parameters
+    env: Dict
+        The additional environment variables
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int
+        The return code of the command
+
+    """
+    # copy the current environment variables and add the vales from
+    # `env`
+    cmd_env = os.environ.copy()
+    cmd_env.update(env)
+
+    p = Popen(command,
+              universal_newlines=True,
+              bufsize=0,
+              shell=False,
+              env=cmd_env)
+    _, _ = p.communicate()
+
+    return p.returncode
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7df727c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from IPython.core.magic import Magics, line_magic, magics_class  # type: ignore
+from IPython.core.magic_arguments import (argument, magic_arguments,  # type: ignore
+                                          parse_argstring)  # type: ignore
+
+from .main import find_dotenv, load_dotenv
+
+
+@magics_class
+class IPythonDotEnv(Magics):
+
+    @magic_arguments()
+    @argument(
+        '-o', '--override', action='store_true',
+        help="Indicate to override existing variables"
+    )
+    @argument(
+        '-v', '--verbose', action='store_true',
+        help="Indicate function calls to be verbose"
+    )
+    @argument('dotenv_path', nargs='?', type=str, default='.env',
+              help='Search in increasingly higher folders for the `dotenv_path`')
+    @line_magic
+    def dotenv(self, line):
+        args = parse_argstring(self.dotenv, line)
+        # Locate the .env file
+        dotenv_path = args.dotenv_path
+        try:
+            dotenv_path = find_dotenv(dotenv_path, True, True)
+        except IOError:
+            print("cannot find .env file")
+            return
+
+        # Load the .env file
+        load_dotenv(dotenv_path, verbose=args.verbose, override=args.override)
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+    """Register the %dotenv magic."""
+    ipython.register_magics(IPythonDotEnv)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bc5428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import (IO, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Tuple,
+                    Union)
+
+from .parser import Binding, parse_stream
+from .variables import parse_variables
+
+# A type alias for a string path to be used for the paths in this file.
+# These paths may flow to `open()` and `shutil.move()`; `shutil.move()`
+# only accepts string paths, not byte paths or file descriptors. See
+# https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/6832.
+StrPath = Union[str, 'os.PathLike[str]']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def with_warn_for_invalid_lines(mappings: Iterator[Binding]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    for mapping in mappings:
+        if mapping.error:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Python-dotenv could not parse statement starting at line %s",
+                mapping.original.line,
+            )
+        yield mapping
+
+
+class DotEnv:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath],
+        stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        verbose: bool = False,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        interpolate: bool = True,
+        override: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = dotenv_path
+        self.stream: Optional[IO[str]] = stream
+        self._dict: Optional[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = None
+        self.verbose: bool = verbose
+        self.encoding: Optional[str] = encoding
+        self.interpolate: bool = interpolate
+        self.override: bool = override
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _get_stream(self) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+        if self.dotenv_path and os.path.isfile(self.dotenv_path):
+            with open(self.dotenv_path, encoding=self.encoding) as stream:
+                yield stream
+        elif self.stream is not None:
+            yield self.stream
+        else:
+            if self.verbose:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Python-dotenv could not find configuration file %s.",
+                    self.dotenv_path or '.env',
+                )
+            yield io.StringIO('')
+
+    def dict(self) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Return dotenv as dict"""
+        if self._dict:
+            return self._dict
+
+        raw_values = self.parse()
+
+        if self.interpolate:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(resolve_variables(raw_values, override=self.override))
+        else:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(raw_values)
+
+        return self._dict
+
+    def parse(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]:
+        with self._get_stream() as stream:
+            for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(stream)):
+                if mapping.key is not None:
+                    yield mapping.key, mapping.value
+
+    def set_as_environment_variables(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Load the current dotenv as system environment variable.
+        """
+        if not self.dict():
+            return False
+
+        for k, v in self.dict().items():
+            if k in os.environ and not self.override:
+                continue
+            if v is not None:
+                os.environ[k] = v
+
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        """
+        data = self.dict()
+
+        if key in data:
+            return data[key]
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            logger.warning("Key %s not found in %s.", key, self.dotenv_path)
+
+        return None
+
+
+def get_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_get: str,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Get the value of a given key from the given .env.
+
+    Returns `None` if the key isn't found or doesn't have a value.
+    """
+    return DotEnv(dotenv_path, verbose=True, encoding=encoding).get(key_to_get)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def rewrite(
+    path: StrPath,
+    encoding: Optional[str],
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[IO[str], IO[str]]]:
+    pathlib.Path(path).touch()
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", encoding=encoding, delete=False) as dest:
+        error = None
+        try:
+            with open(path, encoding=encoding) as source:
+                yield (source, dest)
+        except BaseException as err:
+            error = err
+
+    if error is None:
+        shutil.move(dest.name, path)
+    else:
+        os.unlink(dest.name)
+        raise error from None
+
+
+def set_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_set: str,
+    value_to_set: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    export: bool = False,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str, str]:
+    """
+    Adds or Updates a key/value to the given .env
+
+    If the .env path given doesn't exist, fails instead of risking creating
+    an orphan .env somewhere in the filesystem
+    """
+    if quote_mode not in ("always", "auto", "never"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown quote_mode: {quote_mode}")
+
+    quote = (
+        quote_mode == "always"
+        or (quote_mode == "auto" and not value_to_set.isalnum())
+    )
+
+    if quote:
+        value_out = "'{}'".format(value_to_set.replace("'", "\\'"))
+    else:
+        value_out = value_to_set
+    if export:
+        line_out = f'export {key_to_set}={value_out}\n'
+    else:
+        line_out = f"{key_to_set}={value_out}\n"
+
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding) as (source, dest):
+        replaced = False
+        missing_newline = False
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_set:
+                dest.write(line_out)
+                replaced = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+                missing_newline = not mapping.original.string.endswith("\n")
+        if not replaced:
+            if missing_newline:
+                dest.write("\n")
+            dest.write(line_out)
+
+    return True, key_to_set, value_to_set
+
+
+def unset_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_unset: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str]:
+    """
+    Removes a given key from the given `.env` file.
+
+    If the .env path given doesn't exist, fails.
+    If the given key doesn't exist in the .env, fails.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(dotenv_path):
+        logger.warning("Can't delete from %s - it doesn't exist.", dotenv_path)
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    removed = False
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding) as (source, dest):
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_unset:
+                removed = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+
+    if not removed:
+        logger.warning("Key %s not removed from %s - key doesn't exist.", key_to_unset, dotenv_path)
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    return removed, key_to_unset
+
+
+def resolve_variables(
+    values: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]],
+    override: bool,
+) -> Mapping[str, Optional[str]]:
+    new_values: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+
+    for (name, value) in values:
+        if value is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            atoms = parse_variables(value)
+            env: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+            if override:
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+                env.update(new_values)
+            else:
+                env.update(new_values)
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+            result = "".join(atom.resolve(env) for atom in atoms)
+
+        new_values[name] = result
+
+    return new_values
+
+
+def _walk_to_root(path: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yield directories starting from the given directory up to the root
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(path):
+        raise IOError('Starting path not found')
+
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        path = os.path.dirname(path)
+
+    last_dir = None
+    current_dir = os.path.abspath(path)
+    while last_dir != current_dir:
+        yield current_dir
+        parent_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(current_dir, os.path.pardir))
+        last_dir, current_dir = current_dir, parent_dir
+
+
+def find_dotenv(
+    filename: str = '.env',
+    raise_error_if_not_found: bool = False,
+    usecwd: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Search in increasingly higher folders for the given file
+
+    Returns path to the file if found, or an empty string otherwise
+    """
+
+    def _is_interactive():
+        """ Decide whether this is running in a REPL or IPython notebook """
+        try:
+            main = __import__('__main__', None, None, fromlist=['__file__'])
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        return not hasattr(main, '__file__')
+
+    if usecwd or _is_interactive() or getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+        # Should work without __file__, e.g. in REPL or IPython notebook.
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    else:
+        # will work for .py files
+        frame = sys._getframe()
+        current_file = __file__
+
+        while frame.f_code.co_filename == current_file or not os.path.exists(
+            frame.f_code.co_filename
+        ):
+            assert frame.f_back is not None
+            frame = frame.f_back
+        frame_filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
+        path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(frame_filename))
+
+    for dirname in _walk_to_root(path):
+        check_path = os.path.join(dirname, filename)
+        if os.path.isfile(check_path):
+            return check_path
+
+    if raise_error_if_not_found:
+        raise IOError('File not found')
+
+    return ''
+
+
+def load_dotenv(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    override: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> bool:
+    """Parse a .env file and then load all the variables found as environment variables.
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to .env file.
+        stream: Text stream (such as `io.StringIO`) with .env content, used if
+            `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning the .env file is missing.
+        override: Whether to override the system environment variables with the variables
+            from the `.env` file.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+    Returns:
+        Bool: True if at least one environment variable is set else False
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file.
+    """
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    dotenv = DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=override,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    )
+    return dotenv.set_as_environment_variables()
+
+
+def dotenv_values(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Parse a .env file and return its content as a dict.
+
+    The returned dict will have `None` values for keys without values in the .env file.
+    For example, `foo=bar` results in `{"foo": "bar"}` whereas `foo` alone results in
+    `{"foo": None}`
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to the .env file.
+        stream: `StringIO` object with .env content, used if `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning if the .env file is missing.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file.
+    """
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    return DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=True,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    ).dict()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..735f14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import (IO, Iterator, Match, NamedTuple, Optional,  # noqa:F401
+                    Pattern, Sequence, Tuple)
+
+
+def make_regex(string: str, extra_flags: int = 0) -> Pattern[str]:
+    return re.compile(string, re.UNICODE | extra_flags)
+
+
+_newline = make_regex(r"(\r\n|\n|\r)")
+_multiline_whitespace = make_regex(r"\s*", extra_flags=re.MULTILINE)
+_whitespace = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*")
+_export = make_regex(r"(?:export[^\S\r\n]+)?")
+_single_quoted_key = make_regex(r"'([^']+)'")
+_unquoted_key = make_regex(r"([^=\#\s]+)")
+_equal_sign = make_regex(r"(=[^\S\r\n]*)")
+_single_quoted_value = make_regex(r"'((?:\\'|[^'])*)'")
+_double_quoted_value = make_regex(r'"((?:\\"|[^"])*)"')
+_unquoted_value = make_regex(r"([^\r\n]*)")
+_comment = make_regex(r"(?:[^\S\r\n]*#[^\r\n]*)?")
+_end_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*(?:\r\n|\n|\r|$)")
+_rest_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\r\n]*(?:\r|\n|\r\n)?")
+_double_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\'\"abfnrtv]")
+_single_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\']")
+
+
+class Original(NamedTuple):
+    string: str
+    line: int
+
+
+class Binding(NamedTuple):
+    key: Optional[str]
+    value: Optional[str]
+    original: Original
+    error: bool
+
+
+class Position:
+    def __init__(self, chars: int, line: int) -> None:
+        self.chars = chars
+        self.line = line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def start(cls) -> "Position":
+        return cls(chars=0, line=1)
+
+    def set(self, other: "Position") -> None:
+        self.chars = other.chars
+        self.line = other.line
+
+    def advance(self, string: str) -> None:
+        self.chars += len(string)
+        self.line += len(re.findall(_newline, string))
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Reader:
+    def __init__(self, stream: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.string = stream.read()
+        self.position = Position.start()
+        self.mark = Position.start()
+
+    def has_next(self) -> bool:
+        return self.position.chars < len(self.string)
+
+    def set_mark(self) -> None:
+        self.mark.set(self.position)
+
+    def get_marked(self) -> Original:
+        return Original(
+            string=self.string[self.mark.chars:self.position.chars],
+            line=self.mark.line,
+        )
+
+    def peek(self, count: int) -> str:
+        return self.string[self.position.chars:self.position.chars + count]
+
+    def read(self, count: int) -> str:
+        result = self.string[self.position.chars:self.position.chars + count]
+        if len(result) < count:
+            raise Error("read: End of string")
+        self.position.advance(result)
+        return result
+
+    def read_regex(self, regex: Pattern[str]) -> Sequence[str]:
+        match = regex.match(self.string, self.position.chars)
+        if match is None:
+            raise Error("read_regex: Pattern not found")
+        self.position.advance(self.string[match.start():match.end()])
+        return match.groups()
+
+
+def decode_escapes(regex: Pattern[str], string: str) -> str:
+    def decode_match(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        return codecs.decode(match.group(0), 'unicode-escape')  # type: ignore
+
+    return regex.sub(decode_match, string)
+
+
+def parse_key(reader: Reader) -> Optional[str]:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == "#":
+        return None
+    elif char == "'":
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_key)
+    else:
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_key)
+    return key
+
+
+def parse_unquoted_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    (part,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_value)
+    return re.sub(r"\s+#.*", "", part).rstrip()
+
+
+def parse_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == u"'":
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_single_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char == u'"':
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_double_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_double_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char in (u"", u"\n", u"\r"):
+        return u""
+    else:
+        return parse_unquoted_value(reader)
+
+
+def parse_binding(reader: Reader) -> Binding:
+    reader.set_mark()
+    try:
+        reader.read_regex(_multiline_whitespace)
+        if not reader.has_next():
+            return Binding(
+                key=None,
+                value=None,
+                original=reader.get_marked(),
+                error=False,
+            )
+        reader.read_regex(_export)
+        key = parse_key(reader)
+        reader.read_regex(_whitespace)
+        if reader.peek(1) == "=":
+            reader.read_regex(_equal_sign)
+            value: Optional[str] = parse_value(reader)
+        else:
+            value = None
+        reader.read_regex(_comment)
+        reader.read_regex(_end_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=key,
+            value=value,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=False,
+        )
+    except Error:
+        reader.read_regex(_rest_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=None,
+            value=None,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=True,
+        )
+
+
+def parse_stream(stream: IO[str]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    reader = Reader(stream)
+    while reader.has_next():
+        yield parse_binding(reader)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7632ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..667f2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from typing import Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Pattern
+
+_posix_variable: Pattern[str] = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    \$\{
+        (?P<name>[^\}:]*)
+        (?::-
+            (?P<default>[^\}]*)
+        )?
+    \}
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class Atom(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        result = self.__eq__(other)
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return not result
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str: ...
+
+
+class Literal(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Literal(value={self.value})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.value))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class Variable(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, default: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.default = default
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Variable(name={self.name}, default={self.default})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (self.name, self.default) == (other.name, other.default)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.name, self.default))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        default = self.default if self.default is not None else ""
+        result = env.get(self.name, default)
+        return result if result is not None else ""
+
+
+def parse_variables(value: str) -> Iterator[Atom]:
+    cursor = 0
+
+    for match in _posix_variable.finditer(value):
+        (start, end) = match.span()
+        name = match["name"]
+        default = match["default"]
+
+        if start > cursor:
+            yield Literal(value=value[cursor:start])
+
+        yield Variable(name=name, default=default)
+        cursor = end
+
+    length = len(value)
+    if cursor < length:
+        yield Literal(value=value[cursor:length])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c4105c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.0.1"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d227a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2010 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c49ceb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: Flask
+Version: 3.1.0
+Summary: A simple framework for building complex web applications.
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: Flask
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: Werkzeug>=3.1
+Requires-Dist: Jinja2>=3.1.2
+Requires-Dist: itsdangerous>=2.2
+Requires-Dist: click>=8.1.3
+Requires-Dist: blinker>=1.9
+Requires-Dist: importlib-metadata>=3.6; python_version < '3.10'
+Requires-Dist: asgiref>=3.2 ; extra == "async"
+Requires-Dist: python-dotenv ; extra == "dotenv"
+Project-URL: Changes, https://flask.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://flask.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/flask/
+Provides-Extra: async
+Provides-Extra: dotenv
+
+# Flask
+
+Flask is a lightweight [WSGI][] web application framework. It is designed
+to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to
+complex applications. It began as a simple wrapper around [Werkzeug][]
+and [Jinja][], and has become one of the most popular Python web
+application frameworks.
+
+Flask offers suggestions, but doesn't enforce any dependencies or
+project layout. It is up to the developer to choose the tools and
+libraries they want to use. There are many extensions provided by the
+community that make adding new functionality easy.
+
+[WSGI]: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/
+[Werkzeug]: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+[Jinja]: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+# save this as app.py
+from flask import Flask
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+@app.route("/")
+def hello():
+    return "Hello, World!"
+```
+
+```
+$ flask run
+  * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Flask and the libraries
+it uses. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12daeea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+../../../bin/flask,sha256=BCoM5f-ExF6a3bC6MEh6-Cqt6K0YvJp234RMY-uIu38,232
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt,sha256=SJqOEQhQntmKN7uYPhHg9-HTHwvY-Zp5yESOf_N9B-o,1475
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Wvf66xwUclGRu89cNcvErpaMf1rMgcxeqIkTc4EmD90,2718
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CpUCUxeHQbRN5UGRQHYRJorO5Af-Qy_fHMctcQ8DSGI,82
+flask-3.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=bBP7hTOS5fz9zLtC7sPofBZAlMkEvBxu7KqS6l5lvc4,40
+flask/__init__.py,sha256=6xMqdVA0FIQ2U1KVaGX3lzNCdXPzoHPaa0hvQCNcfSk,2625
+flask/__main__.py,sha256=bYt9eEaoRQWdejEHFD8REx9jxVEdZptECFsV7F49Ink,30
+flask/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/app.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/blueprints.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/config.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/ctx.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/debughelpers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/globals.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/helpers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/logging.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/sessions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/signals.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/templating.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/testing.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/typing.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/views.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/__pycache__/wrappers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/app.py,sha256=GE7QOE_N9THDjuzKx0gUI9aF4hLh0xwBDa7hLVsjy-o,61725
+flask/blueprints.py,sha256=p5QE2lY18GItbdr_RKRpZ8Do17g0PvQGIgZkSUDhX2k,4541
+flask/cli.py,sha256=XdmkBD74SnT0jrt2gqyHrE9oXGdWlcdTrJQR-i5aApY,37093
+flask/config.py,sha256=PiqF0DPam6HW0FH4CH1hpXTBe30NSzjPEOwrz1b6kt0,13219
+flask/ctx.py,sha256=4atDhJJ_cpV1VMq4qsfU4E_61M1oN93jlS2H9gjrl58,15120
+flask/debughelpers.py,sha256=PGIDhStW_efRjpaa3zHIpo-htStJOR41Ip3OJWPYBwo,6080
+flask/globals.py,sha256=XdQZmStBmPIs8t93tjx6pO7Bm3gobAaONWkFcUHaGas,1713
+flask/helpers.py,sha256=7njmzkFJvrPSQudsgONsgQzaGrGppeBINevKgWescPk,23521
+flask/json/__init__.py,sha256=hLNR898paqoefdeAhraa5wyJy-bmRB2k2dV4EgVy2Z8,5602
+flask/json/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/json/__pycache__/provider.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/json/__pycache__/tag.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/json/provider.py,sha256=5imEzY5HjV2HoUVrQbJLqXCzMNpZXfD0Y1XqdLV2XBA,7672
+flask/json/tag.py,sha256=DhaNwuIOhdt2R74oOC9Y4Z8ZprxFYiRb5dUP5byyINw,9281
+flask/logging.py,sha256=8sM3WMTubi1cBb2c_lPkWpN0J8dMAqrgKRYLLi1dCVI,2377
+flask/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+flask/sansio/README.md,sha256=-0X1tECnilmz1cogx-YhNw5d7guK7GKrq_DEV2OzlU0,228
+flask/sansio/__pycache__/app.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/sansio/__pycache__/blueprints.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/sansio/__pycache__/scaffold.cpython-312.pyc,,
+flask/sansio/app.py,sha256=Wj9NVGtiR1jvkZ9gSFd91usUlM8H0g06aPVz2sMh4bw,38116
+flask/sansio/blueprints.py,sha256=Tqe-7EkZ-tbWchm8iDoCfD848f0_3nLv6NNjeIPvHwM,24637
+flask/sansio/scaffold.py,sha256=q6wM4Y4aYMGGN_Litsj3PYKpBS3Zvut0xhDmpBEHFdo,30387
+flask/sessions.py,sha256=pImSFQIDCPtV-XSI8ttAyTTbvtRMkhDeqJ8VPZZUaf0,15430
+flask/signals.py,sha256=V7lMUww7CqgJ2ThUBn1PiatZtQanOyt7OZpu2GZI-34,750
+flask/templating.py,sha256=2TcXLT85Asflm2W9WOSFxKCmYn5e49w_Jkg9-NaaJWo,7537
+flask/testing.py,sha256=5Dxg6VZ0ZPhjwG9ReUl4TrhvkjBYvgIzV949jkY0jIU,10100
+flask/typing.py,sha256=b7mMBIeAoOcAI_vFzzhfOm7KeZ_n868SIMw6xpX5KYQ,3166
+flask/views.py,sha256=xzJx6oJqGElThtEghZN7ZQGMw5TDFyuRxUkecwRuAoA,6962
+flask/wrappers.py,sha256=jUkv4mVek2Iq4hwxd4RvqrIMb69Bv0PElDgWLmd5ORo,9406
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c6fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.10.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eec6733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask-3.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+flask=flask.cli:main
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e86eb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from . import json as json
+from .app import Flask as Flask
+from .blueprints import Blueprint as Blueprint
+from .config import Config as Config
+from .ctx import after_this_request as after_this_request
+from .ctx import copy_current_request_context as copy_current_request_context
+from .ctx import has_app_context as has_app_context
+from .ctx import has_request_context as has_request_context
+from .globals import current_app as current_app
+from .globals import g as g
+from .globals import request as request
+from .globals import session as session
+from .helpers import abort as abort
+from .helpers import flash as flash
+from .helpers import get_flashed_messages as get_flashed_messages
+from .helpers import get_template_attribute as get_template_attribute
+from .helpers import make_response as make_response
+from .helpers import redirect as redirect
+from .helpers import send_file as send_file
+from .helpers import send_from_directory as send_from_directory
+from .helpers import stream_with_context as stream_with_context
+from .helpers import url_for as url_for
+from .json import jsonify as jsonify
+from .signals import appcontext_popped as appcontext_popped
+from .signals import appcontext_pushed as appcontext_pushed
+from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down as appcontext_tearing_down
+from .signals import before_render_template as before_render_template
+from .signals import got_request_exception as got_request_exception
+from .signals import message_flashed as message_flashed
+from .signals import request_finished as request_finished
+from .signals import request_started as request_started
+from .signals import request_tearing_down as request_tearing_down
+from .signals import template_rendered as template_rendered
+from .templating import render_template as render_template
+from .templating import render_template_string as render_template_string
+from .templating import stream_template as stream_template
+from .templating import stream_template_string as stream_template_string
+from .wrappers import Request as Request
+from .wrappers import Response as Response
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> t.Any:
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " Flask 3.1. Use feature detection or"
+            " 'importlib.metadata.version(\"flask\")' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("flask")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e28416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .cli import main
+
+main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/app.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/app.py
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1536 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import weakref
+from datetime import timedelta
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+from itertools import chain
+from types import TracebackType
+from urllib.parse import quote as _url_quote
+
+import click
+from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers
+from werkzeug.datastructures import ImmutableDict
+from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequestKeyError
+from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
+from werkzeug.exceptions import InternalServerError
+from werkzeug.routing import BuildError
+from werkzeug.routing import MapAdapter
+from werkzeug.routing import RequestRedirect
+from werkzeug.routing import RoutingException
+from werkzeug.routing import Rule
+from werkzeug.serving import is_running_from_reloader
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as BaseResponse
+from werkzeug.wsgi import get_host
+
+from . import cli
+from . import typing as ft
+from .ctx import AppContext
+from .ctx import RequestContext
+from .globals import _cv_app
+from .globals import _cv_request
+from .globals import current_app
+from .globals import g
+from .globals import request
+from .globals import request_ctx
+from .globals import session
+from .helpers import get_debug_flag
+from .helpers import get_flashed_messages
+from .helpers import get_load_dotenv
+from .helpers import send_from_directory
+from .sansio.app import App
+from .sansio.scaffold import _sentinel
+from .sessions import SecureCookieSessionInterface
+from .sessions import SessionInterface
+from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down
+from .signals import got_request_exception
+from .signals import request_finished
+from .signals import request_started
+from .signals import request_tearing_down
+from .templating import Environment
+from .wrappers import Request
+from .wrappers import Response
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .testing import FlaskClient
+    from .testing import FlaskCliRunner
+    from .typing import HeadersValue
+
+T_shell_context_processor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_shell_context_processor", bound=ft.ShellContextProcessorCallable
+)
+T_teardown = t.TypeVar("T_teardown", bound=ft.TeardownCallable)
+T_template_filter = t.TypeVar("T_template_filter", bound=ft.TemplateFilterCallable)
+T_template_global = t.TypeVar("T_template_global", bound=ft.TemplateGlobalCallable)
+T_template_test = t.TypeVar("T_template_test", bound=ft.TemplateTestCallable)
+
+
+def _make_timedelta(value: timedelta | int | None) -> timedelta | None:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, timedelta):
+        return value
+
+    return timedelta(seconds=value)
+
+
+class Flask(App):
+    """The flask object implements a WSGI application and acts as the central
+    object.  It is passed the name of the module or package of the
+    application.  Once it is created it will act as a central registry for
+    the view functions, the URL rules, template configuration and much more.
+
+    The name of the package is used to resolve resources from inside the
+    package or the folder the module is contained in depending on if the
+    package parameter resolves to an actual python package (a folder with
+    an :file:`__init__.py` file inside) or a standard module (just a ``.py`` file).
+
+    For more information about resource loading, see :func:`open_resource`.
+
+    Usually you create a :class:`Flask` instance in your main module or
+    in the :file:`__init__.py` file of your package like this::
+
+        from flask import Flask
+        app = Flask(__name__)
+
+    .. admonition:: About the First Parameter
+
+        The idea of the first parameter is to give Flask an idea of what
+        belongs to your application.  This name is used to find resources
+        on the filesystem, can be used by extensions to improve debugging
+        information and a lot more.
+
+        So it's important what you provide there.  If you are using a single
+        module, `__name__` is always the correct value.  If you however are
+        using a package, it's usually recommended to hardcode the name of
+        your package there.
+
+        For example if your application is defined in :file:`yourapplication/app.py`
+        you should create it with one of the two versions below::
+
+            app = Flask('yourapplication')
+            app = Flask(__name__.split('.')[0])
+
+        Why is that?  The application will work even with `__name__`, thanks
+        to how resources are looked up.  However it will make debugging more
+        painful.  Certain extensions can make assumptions based on the
+        import name of your application.  For example the Flask-SQLAlchemy
+        extension will look for the code in your application that triggered
+        an SQL query in debug mode.  If the import name is not properly set
+        up, that debugging information is lost.  (For example it would only
+        pick up SQL queries in `yourapplication.app` and not
+        `yourapplication.views.frontend`)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+       The `static_url_path`, `static_folder`, and `template_folder`
+       parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+       The `instance_path` and `instance_relative_config` parameters were
+       added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.11
+       The `root_path` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+       The ``host_matching`` and ``static_host`` parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+       The ``subdomain_matching`` parameter was added. Subdomain
+       matching needs to be enabled manually now. Setting
+       :data:`SERVER_NAME` does not implicitly enable it.
+
+    :param import_name: the name of the application package
+    :param static_url_path: can be used to specify a different path for the
+                            static files on the web.  Defaults to the name
+                            of the `static_folder` folder.
+    :param static_folder: The folder with static files that is served at
+        ``static_url_path``. Relative to the application ``root_path``
+        or an absolute path. Defaults to ``'static'``.
+    :param static_host: the host to use when adding the static route.
+        Defaults to None. Required when using ``host_matching=True``
+        with a ``static_folder`` configured.
+    :param host_matching: set ``url_map.host_matching`` attribute.
+        Defaults to False.
+    :param subdomain_matching: consider the subdomain relative to
+        :data:`SERVER_NAME` when matching routes. Defaults to False.
+    :param template_folder: the folder that contains the templates that should
+                            be used by the application.  Defaults to
+                            ``'templates'`` folder in the root path of the
+                            application.
+    :param instance_path: An alternative instance path for the application.
+                          By default the folder ``'instance'`` next to the
+                          package or module is assumed to be the instance
+                          path.
+    :param instance_relative_config: if set to ``True`` relative filenames
+                                     for loading the config are assumed to
+                                     be relative to the instance path instead
+                                     of the application root.
+    :param root_path: The path to the root of the application files.
+        This should only be set manually when it can't be detected
+        automatically, such as for namespace packages.
+    """
+
+    default_config = ImmutableDict(
+        {
+            "DEBUG": None,
+            "TESTING": False,
+            "PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS": None,
+            "SECRET_KEY": None,
+            "SECRET_KEY_FALLBACKS": None,
+            "PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME": timedelta(days=31),
+            "USE_X_SENDFILE": False,
+            "TRUSTED_HOSTS": None,
+            "SERVER_NAME": None,
+            "APPLICATION_ROOT": "/",
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_NAME": "session",
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN": None,
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_PATH": None,
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY": True,
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE": False,
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_PARTITIONED": False,
+            "SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE": None,
+            "SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST": True,
+            "MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH": None,
+            "MAX_FORM_MEMORY_SIZE": 500_000,
+            "MAX_FORM_PARTS": 1_000,
+            "SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT": None,
+            "TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS": None,
+            "TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS": False,
+            "EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING": False,
+            "PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME": "http",
+            "TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD": None,
+            "MAX_COOKIE_SIZE": 4093,
+            "PROVIDE_AUTOMATIC_OPTIONS": True,
+        }
+    )
+
+    #: The class that is used for request objects.  See :class:`~flask.Request`
+    #: for more information.
+    request_class: type[Request] = Request
+
+    #: The class that is used for response objects.  See
+    #: :class:`~flask.Response` for more information.
+    response_class: type[Response] = Response
+
+    #: the session interface to use.  By default an instance of
+    #: :class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` is used here.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    session_interface: SessionInterface = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        import_name: str,
+        static_url_path: str | None = None,
+        static_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = "static",
+        static_host: str | None = None,
+        host_matching: bool = False,
+        subdomain_matching: bool = False,
+        template_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = "templates",
+        instance_path: str | None = None,
+        instance_relative_config: bool = False,
+        root_path: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            import_name=import_name,
+            static_url_path=static_url_path,
+            static_folder=static_folder,
+            static_host=static_host,
+            host_matching=host_matching,
+            subdomain_matching=subdomain_matching,
+            template_folder=template_folder,
+            instance_path=instance_path,
+            instance_relative_config=instance_relative_config,
+            root_path=root_path,
+        )
+
+        #: The Click command group for registering CLI commands for this
+        #: object. The commands are available from the ``flask`` command
+        #: once the application has been discovered and blueprints have
+        #: been registered.
+        self.cli = cli.AppGroup()
+
+        # Set the name of the Click group in case someone wants to add
+        # the app's commands to another CLI tool.
+        self.cli.name = self.name
+
+        # Add a static route using the provided static_url_path, static_host,
+        # and static_folder if there is a configured static_folder.
+        # Note we do this without checking if static_folder exists.
+        # For one, it might be created while the server is running (e.g. during
+        # development). Also, Google App Engine stores static files somewhere
+        if self.has_static_folder:
+            assert (
+                bool(static_host) == host_matching
+            ), "Invalid static_host/host_matching combination"
+            # Use a weakref to avoid creating a reference cycle between the app
+            # and the view function (see #3761).
+            self_ref = weakref.ref(self)
+            self.add_url_rule(
+                f"{self.static_url_path}/<path:filename>",
+                endpoint="static",
+                host=static_host,
+                view_func=lambda **kw: self_ref().send_static_file(**kw),  # type: ignore # noqa: B950
+            )
+
+    def get_send_file_max_age(self, filename: str | None) -> int | None:
+        """Used by :func:`send_file` to determine the ``max_age`` cache
+        value for a given file path if it wasn't passed.
+
+        By default, this returns :data:`SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT` from
+        the configuration of :data:`~flask.current_app`. This defaults
+        to ``None``, which tells the browser to use conditional requests
+        instead of a timed cache, which is usually preferable.
+
+        Note this is a duplicate of the same method in the Flask
+        class.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The default configuration is ``None`` instead of 12 hours.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        value = current_app.config["SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT"]
+
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(value, timedelta):
+            return int(value.total_seconds())
+
+        return value  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def send_static_file(self, filename: str) -> Response:
+        """The view function used to serve files from
+        :attr:`static_folder`. A route is automatically registered for
+        this view at :attr:`static_url_path` if :attr:`static_folder` is
+        set.
+
+        Note this is a duplicate of the same method in the Flask
+        class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+        """
+        if not self.has_static_folder:
+            raise RuntimeError("'static_folder' must be set to serve static_files.")
+
+        # send_file only knows to call get_send_file_max_age on the app,
+        # call it here so it works for blueprints too.
+        max_age = self.get_send_file_max_age(filename)
+        return send_from_directory(
+            t.cast(str, self.static_folder), filename, max_age=max_age
+        )
+
+    def open_resource(
+        self, resource: str, mode: str = "rb", encoding: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.IO[t.AnyStr]:
+        """Open a resource file relative to :attr:`root_path` for reading.
+
+        For example, if the file ``schema.sql`` is next to the file
+        ``app.py`` where the ``Flask`` app is defined, it can be opened
+        with:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with app.open_resource("schema.sql") as f:
+                conn.executescript(f.read())
+
+        :param resource: Path to the resource relative to :attr:`root_path`.
+        :param mode: Open the file in this mode. Only reading is supported,
+            valid values are ``"r"`` (or ``"rt"``) and ``"rb"``.
+        :param encoding: Open the file with this encoding when opening in text
+            mode. This is ignored when opening in binary mode.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            Added the ``encoding`` parameter.
+        """
+        if mode not in {"r", "rt", "rb"}:
+            raise ValueError("Resources can only be opened for reading.")
+
+        path = os.path.join(self.root_path, resource)
+
+        if mode == "rb":
+            return open(path, mode)  # pyright: ignore
+
+        return open(path, mode, encoding=encoding)
+
+    def open_instance_resource(
+        self, resource: str, mode: str = "rb", encoding: str | None = "utf-8"
+    ) -> t.IO[t.AnyStr]:
+        """Open a resource file relative to the application's instance folder
+        :attr:`instance_path`. Unlike :meth:`open_resource`, files in the
+        instance folder can be opened for writing.
+
+        :param resource: Path to the resource relative to :attr:`instance_path`.
+        :param mode: Open the file in this mode.
+        :param encoding: Open the file with this encoding when opening in text
+            mode. This is ignored when opening in binary mode.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            Added the ``encoding`` parameter.
+        """
+        path = os.path.join(self.instance_path, resource)
+
+        if "b" in mode:
+            return open(path, mode)
+
+        return open(path, mode, encoding=encoding)
+
+    def create_jinja_environment(self) -> Environment:
+        """Create the Jinja environment based on :attr:`jinja_options`
+        and the various Jinja-related methods of the app. Changing
+        :attr:`jinja_options` after this will have no effect. Also adds
+        Flask-related globals and filters to the environment.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.11
+           ``Environment.auto_reload`` set in accordance with
+           ``TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD`` configuration option.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        """
+        options = dict(self.jinja_options)
+
+        if "autoescape" not in options:
+            options["autoescape"] = self.select_jinja_autoescape
+
+        if "auto_reload" not in options:
+            auto_reload = self.config["TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD"]
+
+            if auto_reload is None:
+                auto_reload = self.debug
+
+            options["auto_reload"] = auto_reload
+
+        rv = self.jinja_environment(self, **options)
+        rv.globals.update(
+            url_for=self.url_for,
+            get_flashed_messages=get_flashed_messages,
+            config=self.config,
+            # request, session and g are normally added with the
+            # context processor for efficiency reasons but for imported
+            # templates we also want the proxies in there.
+            request=request,
+            session=session,
+            g=g,
+        )
+        rv.policies["json.dumps_function"] = self.json.dumps
+        return rv
+
+    def create_url_adapter(self, request: Request | None) -> MapAdapter | None:
+        """Creates a URL adapter for the given request. The URL adapter
+        is created at a point where the request context is not yet set
+        up so the request is passed explicitly.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            If :data:`SERVER_NAME` is set, it does not restrict requests to
+            only that domain, for both ``subdomain_matching`` and
+            ``host_matching``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            :data:`SERVER_NAME` no longer implicitly enables subdomain
+            matching. Use :attr:`subdomain_matching` instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+           This can be called outside a request when the URL adapter is created
+           for an application context.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        """
+        if request is not None:
+            if (trusted_hosts := self.config["TRUSTED_HOSTS"]) is not None:
+                request.trusted_hosts = trusted_hosts
+
+            # Check trusted_hosts here until bind_to_environ does.
+            request.host = get_host(request.environ, request.trusted_hosts)  # pyright: ignore
+            subdomain = None
+            server_name = self.config["SERVER_NAME"]
+
+            if self.url_map.host_matching:
+                # Don't pass SERVER_NAME, otherwise it's used and the actual
+                # host is ignored, which breaks host matching.
+                server_name = None
+            elif not self.subdomain_matching:
+                # Werkzeug doesn't implement subdomain matching yet. Until then,
+                # disable it by forcing the current subdomain to the default, or
+                # the empty string.
+                subdomain = self.url_map.default_subdomain or ""
+
+            return self.url_map.bind_to_environ(
+                request.environ, server_name=server_name, subdomain=subdomain
+            )
+
+        # Need at least SERVER_NAME to match/build outside a request.
+        if self.config["SERVER_NAME"] is not None:
+            return self.url_map.bind(
+                self.config["SERVER_NAME"],
+                script_name=self.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"],
+                url_scheme=self.config["PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME"],
+            )
+
+        return None
+
+    def raise_routing_exception(self, request: Request) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Intercept routing exceptions and possibly do something else.
+
+        In debug mode, intercept a routing redirect and replace it with
+        an error if the body will be discarded.
+
+        With modern Werkzeug this shouldn't occur, since it now uses a
+        308 status which tells the browser to resend the method and
+        body.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Don't intercept 307 and 308 redirects.
+
+        :meta private:
+        :internal:
+        """
+        if (
+            not self.debug
+            or not isinstance(request.routing_exception, RequestRedirect)
+            or request.routing_exception.code in {307, 308}
+            or request.method in {"GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
+        ):
+            raise request.routing_exception  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+        from .debughelpers import FormDataRoutingRedirect
+
+        raise FormDataRoutingRedirect(request)
+
+    def update_template_context(self, context: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        """Update the template context with some commonly used variables.
+        This injects request, session, config and g into the template
+        context as well as everything template context processors want
+        to inject.  Note that the as of Flask 0.6, the original values
+        in the context will not be overridden if a context processor
+        decides to return a value with the same key.
+
+        :param context: the context as a dictionary that is updated in place
+                        to add extra variables.
+        """
+        names: t.Iterable[str | None] = (None,)
+
+        # A template may be rendered outside a request context.
+        if request:
+            names = chain(names, reversed(request.blueprints))
+
+        # The values passed to render_template take precedence. Keep a
+        # copy to re-apply after all context functions.
+        orig_ctx = context.copy()
+
+        for name in names:
+            if name in self.template_context_processors:
+                for func in self.template_context_processors[name]:
+                    context.update(self.ensure_sync(func)())
+
+        context.update(orig_ctx)
+
+    def make_shell_context(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Returns the shell context for an interactive shell for this
+        application.  This runs all the registered shell context
+        processors.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        rv = {"app": self, "g": g}
+        for processor in self.shell_context_processors:
+            rv.update(processor())
+        return rv
+
+    def run(
+        self,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        debug: bool | None = None,
+        load_dotenv: bool = True,
+        **options: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Runs the application on a local development server.
+
+        Do not use ``run()`` in a production setting. It is not intended to
+        meet security and performance requirements for a production server.
+        Instead, see :doc:`/deploying/index` for WSGI server recommendations.
+
+        If the :attr:`debug` flag is set the server will automatically reload
+        for code changes and show a debugger in case an exception happened.
+
+        If you want to run the application in debug mode, but disable the
+        code execution on the interactive debugger, you can pass
+        ``use_evalex=False`` as parameter.  This will keep the debugger's
+        traceback screen active, but disable code execution.
+
+        It is not recommended to use this function for development with
+        automatic reloading as this is badly supported.  Instead you should
+        be using the :command:`flask` command line script's ``run`` support.
+
+        .. admonition:: Keep in Mind
+
+           Flask will suppress any server error with a generic error page
+           unless it is in debug mode.  As such to enable just the
+           interactive debugger without the code reloading, you have to
+           invoke :meth:`run` with ``debug=True`` and ``use_reloader=False``.
+           Setting ``use_debugger`` to ``True`` without being in debug mode
+           won't catch any exceptions because there won't be any to
+           catch.
+
+        :param host: the hostname to listen on. Set this to ``'0.0.0.0'`` to
+            have the server available externally as well. Defaults to
+            ``'127.0.0.1'`` or the host in the ``SERVER_NAME`` config variable
+            if present.
+        :param port: the port of the webserver. Defaults to ``5000`` or the
+            port defined in the ``SERVER_NAME`` config variable if present.
+        :param debug: if given, enable or disable debug mode. See
+            :attr:`debug`.
+        :param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv`
+            files to set environment variables. Will also change the working
+            directory to the directory containing the first file found.
+        :param options: the options to be forwarded to the underlying Werkzeug
+            server. See :func:`werkzeug.serving.run_simple` for more
+            information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment
+            variables from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files.
+
+            The :envvar:`FLASK_DEBUG` environment variable will override :attr:`debug`.
+
+            Threaded mode is enabled by default.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+            The default port is now picked from the ``SERVER_NAME``
+            variable.
+        """
+        # Ignore this call so that it doesn't start another server if
+        # the 'flask run' command is used.
+        if os.environ.get("FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI") == "true":
+            if not is_running_from_reloader():
+                click.secho(
+                    " * Ignoring a call to 'app.run()' that would block"
+                    " the current 'flask' CLI command.\n"
+                    "   Only call 'app.run()' in an 'if __name__ =="
+                    ' "__main__"\' guard.',
+                    fg="red",
+                )
+
+            return
+
+        if get_load_dotenv(load_dotenv):
+            cli.load_dotenv()
+
+            # if set, env var overrides existing value
+            if "FLASK_DEBUG" in os.environ:
+                self.debug = get_debug_flag()
+
+        # debug passed to method overrides all other sources
+        if debug is not None:
+            self.debug = bool(debug)
+
+        server_name = self.config.get("SERVER_NAME")
+        sn_host = sn_port = None
+
+        if server_name:
+            sn_host, _, sn_port = server_name.partition(":")
+
+        if not host:
+            if sn_host:
+                host = sn_host
+            else:
+                host = "127.0.0.1"
+
+        if port or port == 0:
+            port = int(port)
+        elif sn_port:
+            port = int(sn_port)
+        else:
+            port = 5000
+
+        options.setdefault("use_reloader", self.debug)
+        options.setdefault("use_debugger", self.debug)
+        options.setdefault("threaded", True)
+
+        cli.show_server_banner(self.debug, self.name)
+
+        from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
+
+        try:
+            run_simple(t.cast(str, host), port, self, **options)
+        finally:
+            # reset the first request information if the development server
+            # reset normally.  This makes it possible to restart the server
+            # without reloader and that stuff from an interactive shell.
+            self._got_first_request = False
+
+    def test_client(self, use_cookies: bool = True, **kwargs: t.Any) -> FlaskClient:
+        """Creates a test client for this application.  For information
+        about unit testing head over to :doc:`/testing`.
+
+        Note that if you are testing for assertions or exceptions in your
+        application code, you must set ``app.testing = True`` in order for the
+        exceptions to propagate to the test client.  Otherwise, the exception
+        will be handled by the application (not visible to the test client) and
+        the only indication of an AssertionError or other exception will be a
+        500 status code response to the test client.  See the :attr:`testing`
+        attribute.  For example::
+
+            app.testing = True
+            client = app.test_client()
+
+        The test client can be used in a ``with`` block to defer the closing down
+        of the context until the end of the ``with`` block.  This is useful if
+        you want to access the context locals for testing::
+
+            with app.test_client() as c:
+                rv = c.get('/?vodka=42')
+                assert request.args['vodka'] == '42'
+
+        Additionally, you may pass optional keyword arguments that will then
+        be passed to the application's :attr:`test_client_class` constructor.
+        For example::
+
+            from flask.testing import FlaskClient
+
+            class CustomClient(FlaskClient):
+                def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                    self._authentication = kwargs.pop("authentication")
+                    super(CustomClient,self).__init__( *args, **kwargs)
+
+            app.test_client_class = CustomClient
+            client = app.test_client(authentication='Basic ....')
+
+        See :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskClient` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.4
+           added support for ``with`` block usage for the client.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+           The `use_cookies` parameter was added as well as the ability
+           to override the client to be used by setting the
+           :attr:`test_client_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.11
+           Added `**kwargs` to support passing additional keyword arguments to
+           the constructor of :attr:`test_client_class`.
+        """
+        cls = self.test_client_class
+        if cls is None:
+            from .testing import FlaskClient as cls
+        return cls(  # type: ignore
+            self, self.response_class, use_cookies=use_cookies, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def test_cli_runner(self, **kwargs: t.Any) -> FlaskCliRunner:
+        """Create a CLI runner for testing CLI commands.
+        See :ref:`testing-cli`.
+
+        Returns an instance of :attr:`test_cli_runner_class`, by default
+        :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskCliRunner`. The Flask app object is
+        passed as the first argument.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        """
+        cls = self.test_cli_runner_class
+
+        if cls is None:
+            from .testing import FlaskCliRunner as cls
+
+        return cls(self, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+    def handle_http_exception(
+        self, e: HTTPException
+    ) -> HTTPException | ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+        """Handles an HTTP exception.  By default this will invoke the
+        registered error handlers and fall back to returning the
+        exception as response.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+            ``RoutingException``, used internally for actions such as
+             slash redirects during routing, is not passed to error
+             handlers.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Exceptions are looked up by code *and* by MRO, so
+            ``HTTPException`` subclasses can be handled with a catch-all
+            handler for the base ``HTTPException``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.3
+        """
+        # Proxy exceptions don't have error codes.  We want to always return
+        # those unchanged as errors
+        if e.code is None:
+            return e
+
+        # RoutingExceptions are used internally to trigger routing
+        # actions, such as slash redirects raising RequestRedirect. They
+        # are not raised or handled in user code.
+        if isinstance(e, RoutingException):
+            return e
+
+        handler = self._find_error_handler(e, request.blueprints)
+        if handler is None:
+            return e
+        return self.ensure_sync(handler)(e)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def handle_user_exception(
+        self, e: Exception
+    ) -> HTTPException | ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+        """This method is called whenever an exception occurs that
+        should be handled. A special case is :class:`~werkzeug
+        .exceptions.HTTPException` which is forwarded to the
+        :meth:`handle_http_exception` method. This function will either
+        return a response value or reraise the exception with the same
+        traceback.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Key errors raised from request data like ``form`` show the
+            bad key in debug mode rather than a generic bad request
+            message.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        if isinstance(e, BadRequestKeyError) and (
+            self.debug or self.config["TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS"]
+        ):
+            e.show_exception = True
+
+        if isinstance(e, HTTPException) and not self.trap_http_exception(e):
+            return self.handle_http_exception(e)
+
+        handler = self._find_error_handler(e, request.blueprints)
+
+        if handler is None:
+            raise
+
+        return self.ensure_sync(handler)(e)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def handle_exception(self, e: Exception) -> Response:
+        """Handle an exception that did not have an error handler
+        associated with it, or that was raised from an error handler.
+        This always causes a 500 ``InternalServerError``.
+
+        Always sends the :data:`got_request_exception` signal.
+
+        If :data:`PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS` is ``True``, such as in debug
+        mode, the error will be re-raised so that the debugger can
+        display it. Otherwise, the original exception is logged, and
+        an :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.InternalServerError` is returned.
+
+        If an error handler is registered for ``InternalServerError`` or
+        ``500``, it will be used. For consistency, the handler will
+        always receive the ``InternalServerError``. The original
+        unhandled exception is available as ``e.original_exception``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+            Always passes the ``InternalServerError`` instance to the
+            handler, setting ``original_exception`` to the unhandled
+            error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+            ``after_request`` functions and other finalization is done
+            even for the default 500 response when there is no handler.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.3
+        """
+        exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+        got_request_exception.send(self, _async_wrapper=self.ensure_sync, exception=e)
+        propagate = self.config["PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS"]
+
+        if propagate is None:
+            propagate = self.testing or self.debug
+
+        if propagate:
+            # Re-raise if called with an active exception, otherwise
+            # raise the passed in exception.
+            if exc_info[1] is e:
+                raise
+
+            raise e
+
+        self.log_exception(exc_info)
+        server_error: InternalServerError | ft.ResponseReturnValue
+        server_error = InternalServerError(original_exception=e)
+        handler = self._find_error_handler(server_error, request.blueprints)
+
+        if handler is not None:
+            server_error = self.ensure_sync(handler)(server_error)
+
+        return self.finalize_request(server_error, from_error_handler=True)
+
+    def log_exception(
+        self,
+        exc_info: (tuple[type, BaseException, TracebackType] | tuple[None, None, None]),
+    ) -> None:
+        """Logs an exception.  This is called by :meth:`handle_exception`
+        if debugging is disabled and right before the handler is called.
+        The default implementation logs the exception as error on the
+        :attr:`logger`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        self.logger.error(
+            f"Exception on {request.path} [{request.method}]", exc_info=exc_info
+        )
+
+    def dispatch_request(self) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+        """Does the request dispatching.  Matches the URL and returns the
+        return value of the view or error handler.  This does not have to
+        be a response object.  In order to convert the return value to a
+        proper response object, call :func:`make_response`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+           This no longer does the exception handling, this code was
+           moved to the new :meth:`full_dispatch_request`.
+        """
+        req = request_ctx.request
+        if req.routing_exception is not None:
+            self.raise_routing_exception(req)
+        rule: Rule = req.url_rule  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        # if we provide automatic options for this URL and the
+        # request came with the OPTIONS method, reply automatically
+        if (
+            getattr(rule, "provide_automatic_options", False)
+            and req.method == "OPTIONS"
+        ):
+            return self.make_default_options_response()
+        # otherwise dispatch to the handler for that endpoint
+        view_args: dict[str, t.Any] = req.view_args  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def full_dispatch_request(self) -> Response:
+        """Dispatches the request and on top of that performs request
+        pre and postprocessing as well as HTTP exception catching and
+        error handling.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        self._got_first_request = True
+
+        try:
+            request_started.send(self, _async_wrapper=self.ensure_sync)
+            rv = self.preprocess_request()
+            if rv is None:
+                rv = self.dispatch_request()
+        except Exception as e:
+            rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
+        return self.finalize_request(rv)
+
+    def finalize_request(
+        self,
+        rv: ft.ResponseReturnValue | HTTPException,
+        from_error_handler: bool = False,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Given the return value from a view function this finalizes
+        the request by converting it into a response and invoking the
+        postprocessing functions.  This is invoked for both normal
+        request dispatching as well as error handlers.
+
+        Because this means that it might be called as a result of a
+        failure a special safe mode is available which can be enabled
+        with the `from_error_handler` flag.  If enabled, failures in
+        response processing will be logged and otherwise ignored.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        response = self.make_response(rv)
+        try:
+            response = self.process_response(response)
+            request_finished.send(
+                self, _async_wrapper=self.ensure_sync, response=response
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            if not from_error_handler:
+                raise
+            self.logger.exception(
+                "Request finalizing failed with an error while handling an error"
+            )
+        return response
+
+    def make_default_options_response(self) -> Response:
+        """This method is called to create the default ``OPTIONS`` response.
+        This can be changed through subclassing to change the default
+        behavior of ``OPTIONS`` responses.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        adapter = request_ctx.url_adapter
+        methods = adapter.allowed_methods()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        rv = self.response_class()
+        rv.allow.update(methods)
+        return rv
+
+    def ensure_sync(self, func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Ensure that the function is synchronous for WSGI workers.
+        Plain ``def`` functions are returned as-is. ``async def``
+        functions are wrapped to run and wait for the response.
+
+        Override this method to change how the app runs async views.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        if iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            return self.async_to_sync(func)
+
+        return func
+
+    def async_to_sync(
+        self, func: t.Callable[..., t.Coroutine[t.Any, t.Any, t.Any]]
+    ) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Return a sync function that will run the coroutine function.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            result = app.async_to_sync(func)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        Override this method to change how the app converts async code
+        to be synchronously callable.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        try:
+            from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync as asgiref_async_to_sync
+        except ImportError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Install Flask with the 'async' extra in order to use async views."
+            ) from None
+
+        return asgiref_async_to_sync(func)
+
+    def url_for(
+        self,
+        /,
+        endpoint: str,
+        *,
+        _anchor: str | None = None,
+        _method: str | None = None,
+        _scheme: str | None = None,
+        _external: bool | None = None,
+        **values: t.Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generate a URL to the given endpoint with the given values.
+
+        This is called by :func:`flask.url_for`, and can be called
+        directly as well.
+
+        An *endpoint* is the name of a URL rule, usually added with
+        :meth:`@app.route() <route>`, and usually the same name as the
+        view function. A route defined in a :class:`~flask.Blueprint`
+        will prepend the blueprint's name separated by a ``.`` to the
+        endpoint.
+
+        In some cases, such as email messages, you want URLs to include
+        the scheme and domain, like ``https://example.com/hello``. When
+        not in an active request, URLs will be external by default, but
+        this requires setting :data:`SERVER_NAME` so Flask knows what
+        domain to use. :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT` and
+        :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME` should also be configured as
+        needed. This config is only used when not in an active request.
+
+        Functions can be decorated with :meth:`url_defaults` to modify
+        keyword arguments before the URL is built.
+
+        If building fails for some reason, such as an unknown endpoint
+        or incorrect values, the app's :meth:`handle_url_build_error`
+        method is called. If that returns a string, that is returned,
+        otherwise a :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` is raised.
+
+        :param endpoint: The endpoint name associated with the URL to
+            generate. If this starts with a ``.``, the current blueprint
+            name (if any) will be used.
+        :param _anchor: If given, append this as ``#anchor`` to the URL.
+        :param _method: If given, generate the URL associated with this
+            method for the endpoint.
+        :param _scheme: If given, the URL will have this scheme if it
+            is external.
+        :param _external: If given, prefer the URL to be internal
+            (False) or require it to be external (True). External URLs
+            include the scheme and domain. When not in an active
+            request, URLs are external by default.
+        :param values: Values to use for the variable parts of the URL
+            rule. Unknown keys are appended as query string arguments,
+            like ``?a=b&c=d``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.2
+            Moved from ``flask.url_for``, which calls this method.
+        """
+        req_ctx = _cv_request.get(None)
+
+        if req_ctx is not None:
+            url_adapter = req_ctx.url_adapter
+            blueprint_name = req_ctx.request.blueprint
+
+            # If the endpoint starts with "." and the request matches a
+            # blueprint, the endpoint is relative to the blueprint.
+            if endpoint[:1] == ".":
+                if blueprint_name is not None:
+                    endpoint = f"{blueprint_name}{endpoint}"
+                else:
+                    endpoint = endpoint[1:]
+
+            # When in a request, generate a URL without scheme and
+            # domain by default, unless a scheme is given.
+            if _external is None:
+                _external = _scheme is not None
+        else:
+            app_ctx = _cv_app.get(None)
+
+            # If called by helpers.url_for, an app context is active,
+            # use its url_adapter. Otherwise, app.url_for was called
+            # directly, build an adapter.
+            if app_ctx is not None:
+                url_adapter = app_ctx.url_adapter
+            else:
+                url_adapter = self.create_url_adapter(None)
+
+            if url_adapter is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Unable to build URLs outside an active request"
+                    " without 'SERVER_NAME' configured. Also configure"
+                    " 'APPLICATION_ROOT' and 'PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME' as"
+                    " needed."
+                )
+
+            # When outside a request, generate a URL with scheme and
+            # domain by default.
+            if _external is None:
+                _external = True
+
+        # It is an error to set _scheme when _external=False, in order
+        # to avoid accidental insecure URLs.
+        if _scheme is not None and not _external:
+            raise ValueError("When specifying '_scheme', '_external' must be True.")
+
+        self.inject_url_defaults(endpoint, values)
+
+        try:
+            rv = url_adapter.build(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                endpoint,
+                values,
+                method=_method,
+                url_scheme=_scheme,
+                force_external=_external,
+            )
+        except BuildError as error:
+            values.update(
+                _anchor=_anchor, _method=_method, _scheme=_scheme, _external=_external
+            )
+            return self.handle_url_build_error(error, endpoint, values)
+
+        if _anchor is not None:
+            _anchor = _url_quote(_anchor, safe="%!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@")
+            rv = f"{rv}#{_anchor}"
+
+        return rv
+
+    def make_response(self, rv: ft.ResponseReturnValue) -> Response:
+        """Convert the return value from a view function to an instance of
+        :attr:`response_class`.
+
+        :param rv: the return value from the view function. The view function
+            must return a response. Returning ``None``, or the view ending
+            without returning, is not allowed. The following types are allowed
+            for ``view_rv``:
+
+            ``str``
+                A response object is created with the string encoded to UTF-8
+                as the body.
+
+            ``bytes``
+                A response object is created with the bytes as the body.
+
+            ``dict``
+                A dictionary that will be jsonify'd before being returned.
+
+            ``list``
+                A list that will be jsonify'd before being returned.
+
+            ``generator`` or ``iterator``
+                A generator that returns ``str`` or ``bytes`` to be
+                streamed as the response.
+
+            ``tuple``
+                Either ``(body, status, headers)``, ``(body, status)``, or
+                ``(body, headers)``, where ``body`` is any of the other types
+                allowed here, ``status`` is a string or an integer, and
+                ``headers`` is a dictionary or a list of ``(key, value)``
+                tuples. If ``body`` is a :attr:`response_class` instance,
+                ``status`` overwrites the exiting value and ``headers`` are
+                extended.
+
+            :attr:`response_class`
+                The object is returned unchanged.
+
+            other :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` class
+                The object is coerced to :attr:`response_class`.
+
+            :func:`callable`
+                The function is called as a WSGI application. The result is
+                used to create a response object.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+            A generator will be converted to a streaming response.
+            A list will be converted to a JSON response.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.1
+            A dict will be converted to a JSON response.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+           Previously a tuple was interpreted as the arguments for the
+           response object.
+        """
+
+        status: int | None = None
+        headers: HeadersValue | None = None
+
+        # unpack tuple returns
+        if isinstance(rv, tuple):
+            len_rv = len(rv)
+
+            # a 3-tuple is unpacked directly
+            if len_rv == 3:
+                rv, status, headers = rv  # type: ignore[misc]
+            # decide if a 2-tuple has status or headers
+            elif len_rv == 2:
+                if isinstance(rv[1], (Headers, dict, tuple, list)):
+                    rv, headers = rv  # pyright: ignore
+                else:
+                    rv, status = rv  # type: ignore[assignment,misc]
+            # other sized tuples are not allowed
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The view function did not return a valid response tuple."
+                    " The tuple must have the form (body, status, headers),"
+                    " (body, status), or (body, headers)."
+                )
+
+        # the body must not be None
+        if rv is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"The view function for {request.endpoint!r} did not"
+                " return a valid response. The function either returned"
+                " None or ended without a return statement."
+            )
+
+        # make sure the body is an instance of the response class
+        if not isinstance(rv, self.response_class):
+            if isinstance(rv, (str, bytes, bytearray)) or isinstance(rv, cabc.Iterator):
+                # let the response class set the status and headers instead of
+                # waiting to do it manually, so that the class can handle any
+                # special logic
+                rv = self.response_class(
+                    rv,
+                    status=status,
+                    headers=headers,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                )
+                status = headers = None
+            elif isinstance(rv, (dict, list)):
+                rv = self.json.response(rv)
+            elif isinstance(rv, BaseResponse) or callable(rv):
+                # evaluate a WSGI callable, or coerce a different response
+                # class to the correct type
+                try:
+                    rv = self.response_class.force_type(
+                        rv,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                        request.environ,
+                    )
+                except TypeError as e:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"{e}\nThe view function did not return a valid"
+                        " response. The return type must be a string,"
+                        " dict, list, tuple with headers or status,"
+                        " Response instance, or WSGI callable, but it"
+                        f" was a {type(rv).__name__}."
+                    ).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2]) from None
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The view function did not return a valid"
+                    " response. The return type must be a string,"
+                    " dict, list, tuple with headers or status,"
+                    " Response instance, or WSGI callable, but it was a"
+                    f" {type(rv).__name__}."
+                )
+
+        rv = t.cast(Response, rv)
+        # prefer the status if it was provided
+        if status is not None:
+            if isinstance(status, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+                rv.status = status
+            else:
+                rv.status_code = status
+
+        # extend existing headers with provided headers
+        if headers:
+            rv.headers.update(headers)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def preprocess_request(self) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue | None:
+        """Called before the request is dispatched. Calls
+        :attr:`url_value_preprocessors` registered with the app and the
+        current blueprint (if any). Then calls :attr:`before_request_funcs`
+        registered with the app and the blueprint.
+
+        If any :meth:`before_request` handler returns a non-None value, the
+        value is handled as if it was the return value from the view, and
+        further request handling is stopped.
+        """
+        names = (None, *reversed(request.blueprints))
+
+        for name in names:
+            if name in self.url_value_preprocessors:
+                for url_func in self.url_value_preprocessors[name]:
+                    url_func(request.endpoint, request.view_args)
+
+        for name in names:
+            if name in self.before_request_funcs:
+                for before_func in self.before_request_funcs[name]:
+                    rv = self.ensure_sync(before_func)()
+
+                    if rv is not None:
+                        return rv  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        return None
+
+    def process_response(self, response: Response) -> Response:
+        """Can be overridden in order to modify the response object
+        before it's sent to the WSGI server.  By default this will
+        call all the :meth:`after_request` decorated functions.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+           As of Flask 0.5 the functions registered for after request
+           execution are called in reverse order of registration.
+
+        :param response: a :attr:`response_class` object.
+        :return: a new response object or the same, has to be an
+                 instance of :attr:`response_class`.
+        """
+        ctx = request_ctx._get_current_object()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        for func in ctx._after_request_functions:
+            response = self.ensure_sync(func)(response)
+
+        for name in chain(request.blueprints, (None,)):
+            if name in self.after_request_funcs:
+                for func in reversed(self.after_request_funcs[name]):
+                    response = self.ensure_sync(func)(response)
+
+        if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session):
+            self.session_interface.save_session(self, ctx.session, response)
+
+        return response
+
+    def do_teardown_request(
+        self,
+        exc: BaseException | None = _sentinel,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Called after the request is dispatched and the response is
+        returned, right before the request context is popped.
+
+        This calls all functions decorated with
+        :meth:`teardown_request`, and :meth:`Blueprint.teardown_request`
+        if a blueprint handled the request. Finally, the
+        :data:`request_tearing_down` signal is sent.
+
+        This is called by
+        :meth:`RequestContext.pop() <flask.ctx.RequestContext.pop>`,
+        which may be delayed during testing to maintain access to
+        resources.
+
+        :param exc: An unhandled exception raised while dispatching the
+            request. Detected from the current exception information if
+            not passed. Passed to each teardown function.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+            Added the ``exc`` argument.
+        """
+        if exc is _sentinel:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+        for name in chain(request.blueprints, (None,)):
+            if name in self.teardown_request_funcs:
+                for func in reversed(self.teardown_request_funcs[name]):
+                    self.ensure_sync(func)(exc)
+
+        request_tearing_down.send(self, _async_wrapper=self.ensure_sync, exc=exc)
+
+    def do_teardown_appcontext(
+        self,
+        exc: BaseException | None = _sentinel,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Called right before the application context is popped.
+
+        When handling a request, the application context is popped
+        after the request context. See :meth:`do_teardown_request`.
+
+        This calls all functions decorated with
+        :meth:`teardown_appcontext`. Then the
+        :data:`appcontext_tearing_down` signal is sent.
+
+        This is called by
+        :meth:`AppContext.pop() <flask.ctx.AppContext.pop>`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        if exc is _sentinel:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+        for func in reversed(self.teardown_appcontext_funcs):
+            self.ensure_sync(func)(exc)
+
+        appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, _async_wrapper=self.ensure_sync, exc=exc)
+
+    def app_context(self) -> AppContext:
+        """Create an :class:`~flask.ctx.AppContext`. Use as a ``with``
+        block to push the context, which will make :data:`current_app`
+        point at this application.
+
+        An application context is automatically pushed by
+        :meth:`RequestContext.push() <flask.ctx.RequestContext.push>`
+        when handling a request, and when running a CLI command. Use
+        this to manually create a context outside of these situations.
+
+        ::
+
+            with app.app_context():
+                init_db()
+
+        See :doc:`/appcontext`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        return AppContext(self)
+
+    def request_context(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> RequestContext:
+        """Create a :class:`~flask.ctx.RequestContext` representing a
+        WSGI environment. Use a ``with`` block to push the context,
+        which will make :data:`request` point at this request.
+
+        See :doc:`/reqcontext`.
+
+        Typically you should not call this from your own code. A request
+        context is automatically pushed by the :meth:`wsgi_app` when
+        handling a request. Use :meth:`test_request_context` to create
+        an environment and context instead of this method.
+
+        :param environ: a WSGI environment
+        """
+        return RequestContext(self, environ)
+
+    def test_request_context(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> RequestContext:
+        """Create a :class:`~flask.ctx.RequestContext` for a WSGI
+        environment created from the given values. This is mostly useful
+        during testing, where you may want to run a function that uses
+        request data without dispatching a full request.
+
+        See :doc:`/reqcontext`.
+
+        Use a ``with`` block to push the context, which will make
+        :data:`request` point at the request for the created
+        environment. ::
+
+            with app.test_request_context(...):
+                generate_report()
+
+        When using the shell, it may be easier to push and pop the
+        context manually to avoid indentation. ::
+
+            ctx = app.test_request_context(...)
+            ctx.push()
+            ...
+            ctx.pop()
+
+        Takes the same arguments as Werkzeug's
+        :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`, with some defaults from
+        the application. See the linked Werkzeug docs for most of the
+        available arguments. Flask-specific behavior is listed here.
+
+        :param path: URL path being requested.
+        :param base_url: Base URL where the app is being served, which
+            ``path`` is relative to. If not given, built from
+            :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`, ``subdomain``,
+            :data:`SERVER_NAME`, and :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT`.
+        :param subdomain: Subdomain name to append to
+            :data:`SERVER_NAME`.
+        :param url_scheme: Scheme to use instead of
+            :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`.
+        :param data: The request body, either as a string or a dict of
+            form keys and values.
+        :param json: If given, this is serialized as JSON and passed as
+            ``data``. Also defaults ``content_type`` to
+            ``application/json``.
+        :param args: other positional arguments passed to
+            :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
+        :param kwargs: other keyword arguments passed to
+            :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
+        """
+        from .testing import EnvironBuilder
+
+        builder = EnvironBuilder(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        try:
+            return self.request_context(builder.get_environ())
+        finally:
+            builder.close()
+
+    def wsgi_app(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> cabc.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """The actual WSGI application. This is not implemented in
+        :meth:`__call__` so that middlewares can be applied without
+        losing a reference to the app object. Instead of doing this::
+
+            app = MyMiddleware(app)
+
+        It's a better idea to do this instead::
+
+            app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app.wsgi_app)
+
+        Then you still have the original application object around and
+        can continue to call methods on it.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+            Teardown events for the request and app contexts are called
+            even if an unhandled error occurs. Other events may not be
+            called depending on when an error occurs during dispatch.
+            See :ref:`callbacks-and-errors`.
+
+        :param environ: A WSGI environment.
+        :param start_response: A callable accepting a status code,
+            a list of headers, and an optional exception context to
+            start the response.
+        """
+        ctx = self.request_context(environ)
+        error: BaseException | None = None
+        try:
+            try:
+                ctx.push()
+                response = self.full_dispatch_request()
+            except Exception as e:
+                error = e
+                response = self.handle_exception(e)
+            except:  # noqa: B001
+                error = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                raise
+            return response(environ, start_response)
+        finally:
+            if "werkzeug.debug.preserve_context" in environ:
+                environ["werkzeug.debug.preserve_context"](_cv_app.get())
+                environ["werkzeug.debug.preserve_context"](_cv_request.get())
+
+            if error is not None and self.should_ignore_error(error):
+                error = None
+
+            ctx.pop(error)
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> cabc.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """The WSGI server calls the Flask application object as the
+        WSGI application. This calls :meth:`wsgi_app`, which can be
+        wrapped to apply middleware.
+        """
+        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/blueprints.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/blueprints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d4e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/blueprints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import typing as t
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+from .cli import AppGroup
+from .globals import current_app
+from .helpers import send_from_directory
+from .sansio.blueprints import Blueprint as SansioBlueprint
+from .sansio.blueprints import BlueprintSetupState as BlueprintSetupState  # noqa
+from .sansio.scaffold import _sentinel
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .wrappers import Response
+
+
+class Blueprint(SansioBlueprint):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        import_name: str,
+        static_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        static_url_path: str | None = None,
+        template_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        url_prefix: str | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+        url_defaults: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        root_path: str | None = None,
+        cli_group: str | None = _sentinel,  # type: ignore
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            name,
+            import_name,
+            static_folder,
+            static_url_path,
+            template_folder,
+            url_prefix,
+            subdomain,
+            url_defaults,
+            root_path,
+            cli_group,
+        )
+
+        #: The Click command group for registering CLI commands for this
+        #: object. The commands are available from the ``flask`` command
+        #: once the application has been discovered and blueprints have
+        #: been registered.
+        self.cli = AppGroup()
+
+        # Set the name of the Click group in case someone wants to add
+        # the app's commands to another CLI tool.
+        self.cli.name = self.name
+
+    def get_send_file_max_age(self, filename: str | None) -> int | None:
+        """Used by :func:`send_file` to determine the ``max_age`` cache
+        value for a given file path if it wasn't passed.
+
+        By default, this returns :data:`SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT` from
+        the configuration of :data:`~flask.current_app`. This defaults
+        to ``None``, which tells the browser to use conditional requests
+        instead of a timed cache, which is usually preferable.
+
+        Note this is a duplicate of the same method in the Flask
+        class.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The default configuration is ``None`` instead of 12 hours.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        value = current_app.config["SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT"]
+
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(value, timedelta):
+            return int(value.total_seconds())
+
+        return value  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def send_static_file(self, filename: str) -> Response:
+        """The view function used to serve files from
+        :attr:`static_folder`. A route is automatically registered for
+        this view at :attr:`static_url_path` if :attr:`static_folder` is
+        set.
+
+        Note this is a duplicate of the same method in the Flask
+        class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+        """
+        if not self.has_static_folder:
+            raise RuntimeError("'static_folder' must be set to serve static_files.")
+
+        # send_file only knows to call get_send_file_max_age on the app,
+        # call it here so it works for blueprints too.
+        max_age = self.get_send_file_max_age(filename)
+        return send_from_directory(
+            t.cast(str, self.static_folder), filename, max_age=max_age
+        )
+
+    def open_resource(
+        self, resource: str, mode: str = "rb", encoding: str | None = "utf-8"
+    ) -> t.IO[t.AnyStr]:
+        """Open a resource file relative to :attr:`root_path` for reading. The
+        blueprint-relative equivalent of the app's :meth:`~.Flask.open_resource`
+        method.
+
+        :param resource: Path to the resource relative to :attr:`root_path`.
+        :param mode: Open the file in this mode. Only reading is supported,
+            valid values are ``"r"`` (or ``"rt"``) and ``"rb"``.
+        :param encoding: Open the file with this encoding when opening in text
+            mode. This is ignored when opening in binary mode.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            Added the ``encoding`` parameter.
+        """
+        if mode not in {"r", "rt", "rb"}:
+            raise ValueError("Resources can only be opened for reading.")
+
+        path = os.path.join(self.root_path, resource)
+
+        if mode == "rb":
+            return open(path, mode)  # pyright: ignore
+
+        return open(path, mode, encoding=encoding)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd03f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1133 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import importlib.metadata
+import inspect
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import traceback
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from operator import itemgetter
+from types import ModuleType
+
+import click
+from click.core import ParameterSource
+from werkzeug import run_simple
+from werkzeug.serving import is_running_from_reloader
+from werkzeug.utils import import_string
+
+from .globals import current_app
+from .helpers import get_debug_flag
+from .helpers import get_load_dotenv
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl
+
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .app import Flask
+
+
+class NoAppException(click.UsageError):
+    """Raised if an application cannot be found or loaded."""
+
+
+def find_best_app(module: ModuleType) -> Flask:
+    """Given a module instance this tries to find the best possible
+    application in the module or raises an exception.
+    """
+    from . import Flask
+
+    # Search for the most common names first.
+    for attr_name in ("app", "application"):
+        app = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
+
+        if isinstance(app, Flask):
+            return app
+
+    # Otherwise find the only object that is a Flask instance.
+    matches = [v for v in module.__dict__.values() if isinstance(v, Flask)]
+
+    if len(matches) == 1:
+        return matches[0]
+    elif len(matches) > 1:
+        raise NoAppException(
+            "Detected multiple Flask applications in module"
+            f" '{module.__name__}'. Use '{module.__name__}:name'"
+            " to specify the correct one."
+        )
+
+    # Search for app factory functions.
+    for attr_name in ("create_app", "make_app"):
+        app_factory = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
+
+        if inspect.isfunction(app_factory):
+            try:
+                app = app_factory()
+
+                if isinstance(app, Flask):
+                    return app
+            except TypeError as e:
+                if not _called_with_wrong_args(app_factory):
+                    raise
+
+                raise NoAppException(
+                    f"Detected factory '{attr_name}' in module '{module.__name__}',"
+                    " but could not call it without arguments. Use"
+                    f" '{module.__name__}:{attr_name}(args)'"
+                    " to specify arguments."
+                ) from e
+
+    raise NoAppException(
+        "Failed to find Flask application or factory in module"
+        f" '{module.__name__}'. Use '{module.__name__}:name'"
+        " to specify one."
+    )
+
+
+def _called_with_wrong_args(f: t.Callable[..., Flask]) -> bool:
+    """Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because
+    the call failed or because something in the factory raised the
+    error.
+
+    :param f: The function that was called.
+    :return: ``True`` if the call failed.
+    """
+    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
+
+    try:
+        while tb is not None:
+            if tb.tb_frame.f_code is f.__code__:
+                # In the function, it was called successfully.
+                return False
+
+            tb = tb.tb_next
+
+        # Didn't reach the function.
+        return True
+    finally:
+        # Delete tb to break a circular reference.
+        # https://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
+        del tb
+
+
+def find_app_by_string(module: ModuleType, app_name: str) -> Flask:
+    """Check if the given string is a variable name or a function. Call
+    a function to get the app instance, or return the variable directly.
+    """
+    from . import Flask
+
+    # Parse app_name as a single expression to determine if it's a valid
+    # attribute name or function call.
+    try:
+        expr = ast.parse(app_name.strip(), mode="eval").body
+    except SyntaxError:
+        raise NoAppException(
+            f"Failed to parse {app_name!r} as an attribute name or function call."
+        ) from None
+
+    if isinstance(expr, ast.Name):
+        name = expr.id
+        args = []
+        kwargs = {}
+    elif isinstance(expr, ast.Call):
+        # Ensure the function name is an attribute name only.
+        if not isinstance(expr.func, ast.Name):
+            raise NoAppException(
+                f"Function reference must be a simple name: {app_name!r}."
+            )
+
+        name = expr.func.id
+
+        # Parse the positional and keyword arguments as literals.
+        try:
+            args = [ast.literal_eval(arg) for arg in expr.args]
+            kwargs = {
+                kw.arg: ast.literal_eval(kw.value)
+                for kw in expr.keywords
+                if kw.arg is not None
+            }
+        except ValueError:
+            # literal_eval gives cryptic error messages, show a generic
+            # message with the full expression instead.
+            raise NoAppException(
+                f"Failed to parse arguments as literal values: {app_name!r}."
+            ) from None
+    else:
+        raise NoAppException(
+            f"Failed to parse {app_name!r} as an attribute name or function call."
+        )
+
+    try:
+        attr = getattr(module, name)
+    except AttributeError as e:
+        raise NoAppException(
+            f"Failed to find attribute {name!r} in {module.__name__!r}."
+        ) from e
+
+    # If the attribute is a function, call it with any args and kwargs
+    # to get the real application.
+    if inspect.isfunction(attr):
+        try:
+            app = attr(*args, **kwargs)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            if not _called_with_wrong_args(attr):
+                raise
+
+            raise NoAppException(
+                f"The factory {app_name!r} in module"
+                f" {module.__name__!r} could not be called with the"
+                " specified arguments."
+            ) from e
+    else:
+        app = attr
+
+    if isinstance(app, Flask):
+        return app
+
+    raise NoAppException(
+        "A valid Flask application was not obtained from"
+        f" '{module.__name__}:{app_name}'."
+    )
+
+
+def prepare_import(path: str) -> str:
+    """Given a filename this will try to calculate the python path, add it
+    to the search path and return the actual module name that is expected.
+    """
+    path = os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    fname, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+    if ext == ".py":
+        path = fname
+
+    if os.path.basename(path) == "__init__":
+        path = os.path.dirname(path)
+
+    module_name = []
+
+    # move up until outside package structure (no __init__.py)
+    while True:
+        path, name = os.path.split(path)
+        module_name.append(name)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, "__init__.py")):
+            break
+
+    if sys.path[0] != path:
+        sys.path.insert(0, path)
+
+    return ".".join(module_name[::-1])
+
+
+@t.overload
+def locate_app(
+    module_name: str, app_name: str | None, raise_if_not_found: t.Literal[True] = True
+) -> Flask: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def locate_app(
+    module_name: str, app_name: str | None, raise_if_not_found: t.Literal[False] = ...
+) -> Flask | None: ...
+
+
+def locate_app(
+    module_name: str, app_name: str | None, raise_if_not_found: bool = True
+) -> Flask | None:
+    try:
+        __import__(module_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        # Reraise the ImportError if it occurred within the imported module.
+        # Determine this by checking whether the trace has a depth > 1.
+        if sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            raise NoAppException(
+                f"While importing {module_name!r}, an ImportError was"
+                f" raised:\n\n{traceback.format_exc()}"
+            ) from None
+        elif raise_if_not_found:
+            raise NoAppException(f"Could not import {module_name!r}.") from None
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    module = sys.modules[module_name]
+
+    if app_name is None:
+        return find_best_app(module)
+    else:
+        return find_app_by_string(module, app_name)
+
+
+def get_version(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: t.Any) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+
+    flask_version = importlib.metadata.version("flask")
+    werkzeug_version = importlib.metadata.version("werkzeug")
+
+    click.echo(
+        f"Python {platform.python_version()}\n"
+        f"Flask {flask_version}\n"
+        f"Werkzeug {werkzeug_version}",
+        color=ctx.color,
+    )
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+version_option = click.Option(
+    ["--version"],
+    help="Show the Flask version.",
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=get_version,
+    is_flag=True,
+    is_eager=True,
+)
+
+
+class ScriptInfo:
+    """Helper object to deal with Flask applications.  This is usually not
+    necessary to interface with as it's used internally in the dispatching
+    to click.  In future versions of Flask this object will most likely play
+    a bigger role.  Typically it's created automatically by the
+    :class:`FlaskGroup` but you can also manually create it and pass it
+    onwards as click object.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Added the ``load_dotenv_defaults`` parameter and attribute.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app_import_path: str | None = None,
+        create_app: t.Callable[..., Flask] | None = None,
+        set_debug_flag: bool = True,
+        load_dotenv_defaults: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: Optionally the import path for the Flask application.
+        self.app_import_path = app_import_path
+        #: Optionally a function that is passed the script info to create
+        #: the instance of the application.
+        self.create_app = create_app
+        #: A dictionary with arbitrary data that can be associated with
+        #: this script info.
+        self.data: dict[t.Any, t.Any] = {}
+        self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag
+
+        self.load_dotenv_defaults = get_load_dotenv(load_dotenv_defaults)
+        """Whether default ``.flaskenv`` and ``.env`` files should be loaded.
+
+        ``ScriptInfo`` doesn't load anything, this is for reference when doing
+        the load elsewhere during processing.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.1
+        """
+
+        self._loaded_app: Flask | None = None
+
+    def load_app(self) -> Flask:
+        """Loads the Flask app (if not yet loaded) and returns it.  Calling
+        this multiple times will just result in the already loaded app to
+        be returned.
+        """
+        if self._loaded_app is not None:
+            return self._loaded_app
+        app: Flask | None = None
+        if self.create_app is not None:
+            app = self.create_app()
+        else:
+            if self.app_import_path:
+                path, name = (
+                    re.split(r":(?![\\/])", self.app_import_path, maxsplit=1) + [None]
+                )[:2]
+                import_name = prepare_import(path)
+                app = locate_app(import_name, name)
+            else:
+                for path in ("wsgi.py", "app.py"):
+                    import_name = prepare_import(path)
+                    app = locate_app(import_name, None, raise_if_not_found=False)
+
+                    if app is not None:
+                        break
+
+        if app is None:
+            raise NoAppException(
+                "Could not locate a Flask application. Use the"
+                " 'flask --app' option, 'FLASK_APP' environment"
+                " variable, or a 'wsgi.py' or 'app.py' file in the"
+                " current directory."
+            )
+
+        if self.set_debug_flag:
+            # Update the app's debug flag through the descriptor so that
+            # other values repopulate as well.
+            app.debug = get_debug_flag()
+
+        self._loaded_app = app
+        return app
+
+
+pass_script_info = click.make_pass_decorator(ScriptInfo, ensure=True)
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+def with_appcontext(f: F) -> F:
+    """Wraps a callback so that it's guaranteed to be executed with the
+    script's application context.
+
+    Custom commands (and their options) registered under ``app.cli`` or
+    ``blueprint.cli`` will always have an app context available, this
+    decorator is not required in that case.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        The app context is active for subcommands as well as the
+        decorated callback. The app context is always available to
+        ``app.cli`` command and parameter callbacks.
+    """
+
+    @click.pass_context
+    def decorator(ctx: click.Context, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        if not current_app:
+            app = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo).load_app()
+            ctx.with_resource(app.app_context())
+
+        return ctx.invoke(f, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(decorator, f)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+class AppGroup(click.Group):
+    """This works similar to a regular click :class:`~click.Group` but it
+    changes the behavior of the :meth:`command` decorator so that it
+    automatically wraps the functions in :func:`with_appcontext`.
+
+    Not to be confused with :class:`FlaskGroup`.
+    """
+
+    def command(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], click.Command]:
+        """This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
+        :class:`click.Group` but it wraps callbacks in :func:`with_appcontext`
+        unless it's disabled by passing ``with_appcontext=False``.
+        """
+        wrap_for_ctx = kwargs.pop("with_appcontext", True)
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> click.Command:
+            if wrap_for_ctx:
+                f = with_appcontext(f)
+            return super(AppGroup, self).command(*args, **kwargs)(f)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def group(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], click.Group]:
+        """This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
+        :class:`click.Group` but it defaults the group class to
+        :class:`AppGroup`.
+        """
+        kwargs.setdefault("cls", AppGroup)
+        return super().group(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _set_app(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Option, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
+    info.app_import_path = value
+    return value
+
+
+# This option is eager so the app will be available if --help is given.
+# --help is also eager, so --app must be before it in the param list.
+# no_args_is_help bypasses eager processing, so this option must be
+# processed manually in that case to ensure FLASK_APP gets picked up.
+_app_option = click.Option(
+    ["-A", "--app"],
+    metavar="IMPORT",
+    help=(
+        "The Flask application or factory function to load, in the form 'module:name'."
+        " Module can be a dotted import or file path. Name is not required if it is"
+        " 'app', 'application', 'create_app', or 'make_app', and can be 'name(args)' to"
+        " pass arguments."
+    ),
+    is_eager=True,
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=_set_app,
+)
+
+
+def _set_debug(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Option, value: bool) -> bool | None:
+    # If the flag isn't provided, it will default to False. Don't use
+    # that, let debug be set by env in that case.
+    source = ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    if source is not None and source in (
+        ParameterSource.DEFAULT,
+        ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP,
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    # Set with env var instead of ScriptInfo.load so that it can be
+    # accessed early during a factory function.
+    os.environ["FLASK_DEBUG"] = "1" if value else "0"
+    return value
+
+
+_debug_option = click.Option(
+    ["--debug/--no-debug"],
+    help="Set debug mode.",
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=_set_debug,
+)
+
+
+def _env_file_callback(
+    ctx: click.Context, param: click.Option, value: str | None
+) -> str | None:
+    try:
+        import dotenv  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:
+        # Only show an error if a value was passed, otherwise we still want to
+        # call load_dotenv and show a message without exiting.
+        if value is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                "python-dotenv must be installed to load an env file.",
+                ctx=ctx,
+                param=param,
+            ) from None
+
+    # Load if a value was passed, or we want to load default files, or both.
+    if value is not None or ctx.obj.load_dotenv_defaults:
+        load_dotenv(value, load_defaults=ctx.obj.load_dotenv_defaults)
+
+    return value
+
+
+# This option is eager so env vars are loaded as early as possible to be
+# used by other options.
+_env_file_option = click.Option(
+    ["-e", "--env-file"],
+    type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False),
+    help=(
+        "Load environment variables from this file, taking precedence over"
+        " those set by '.env' and '.flaskenv'. Variables set directly in the"
+        " environment take highest precedence. python-dotenv must be installed."
+    ),
+    is_eager=True,
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=_env_file_callback,
+)
+
+
+class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
+    """Special subclass of the :class:`AppGroup` group that supports
+    loading more commands from the configured Flask app.  Normally a
+    developer does not have to interface with this class but there are
+    some very advanced use cases for which it makes sense to create an
+    instance of this. see :ref:`custom-scripts`.
+
+    :param add_default_commands: if this is True then the default run and
+        shell commands will be added.
+    :param add_version_option: adds the ``--version`` option.
+    :param create_app: an optional callback that is passed the script info and
+        returns the loaded app.
+    :param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv`
+        files to set environment variables. Will also change the working
+        directory to the directory containing the first file found.
+    :param set_debug_flag: Set the app's debug flag.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        ``-e path`` takes precedence over default ``.env`` and ``.flaskenv`` files.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Added the ``-A/--app``, ``--debug/--no-debug``, ``-e/--env-file`` options.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        An app context is pushed when running ``app.cli`` commands, so
+        ``@with_appcontext`` is no longer required for those commands.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment variables
+        from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        add_default_commands: bool = True,
+        create_app: t.Callable[..., Flask] | None = None,
+        add_version_option: bool = True,
+        load_dotenv: bool = True,
+        set_debug_flag: bool = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        params: list[click.Parameter] = list(extra.pop("params", None) or ())
+        # Processing is done with option callbacks instead of a group
+        # callback. This allows users to make a custom group callback
+        # without losing the behavior. --env-file must come first so
+        # that it is eagerly evaluated before --app.
+        params.extend((_env_file_option, _app_option, _debug_option))
+
+        if add_version_option:
+            params.append(version_option)
+
+        if "context_settings" not in extra:
+            extra["context_settings"] = {}
+
+        extra["context_settings"].setdefault("auto_envvar_prefix", "FLASK")
+
+        super().__init__(params=params, **extra)
+
+        self.create_app = create_app
+        self.load_dotenv = load_dotenv
+        self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag
+
+        if add_default_commands:
+            self.add_command(run_command)
+            self.add_command(shell_command)
+            self.add_command(routes_command)
+
+        self._loaded_plugin_commands = False
+
+    def _load_plugin_commands(self) -> None:
+        if self._loaded_plugin_commands:
+            return
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            from importlib import metadata
+        else:
+            # Use a backport on Python < 3.10. We technically have
+            # importlib.metadata on 3.8+, but the API changed in 3.10,
+            # so use the backport for consistency.
+            import importlib_metadata as metadata  # pyright: ignore
+
+        for ep in metadata.entry_points(group="flask.commands"):
+            self.add_command(ep.load(), ep.name)
+
+        self._loaded_plugin_commands = True
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: click.Context, name: str) -> click.Command | None:
+        self._load_plugin_commands()
+        # Look up built-in and plugin commands, which should be
+        # available even if the app fails to load.
+        rv = super().get_command(ctx, name)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
+
+        # Look up commands provided by the app, showing an error and
+        # continuing if the app couldn't be loaded.
+        try:
+            app = info.load_app()
+        except NoAppException as e:
+            click.secho(f"Error: {e.format_message()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
+            return None
+
+        # Push an app context for the loaded app unless it is already
+        # active somehow. This makes the context available to parameter
+        # and command callbacks without needing @with_appcontext.
+        if not current_app or current_app._get_current_object() is not app:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            ctx.with_resource(app.app_context())
+
+        return app.cli.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: click.Context) -> list[str]:
+        self._load_plugin_commands()
+        # Start with the built-in and plugin commands.
+        rv = set(super().list_commands(ctx))
+        info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
+
+        # Add commands provided by the app, showing an error and
+        # continuing if the app couldn't be loaded.
+        try:
+            rv.update(info.load_app().cli.list_commands(ctx))
+        except NoAppException as e:
+            # When an app couldn't be loaded, show the error message
+            # without the traceback.
+            click.secho(f"Error: {e.format_message()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
+        except Exception:
+            # When any other errors occurred during loading, show the
+            # full traceback.
+            click.secho(f"{traceback.format_exc()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
+
+        return sorted(rv)
+
+    def make_context(
+        self,
+        info_name: str | None,
+        args: list[str],
+        parent: click.Context | None = None,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> click.Context:
+        # Set a flag to tell app.run to become a no-op. If app.run was
+        # not in a __name__ == __main__ guard, it would start the server
+        # when importing, blocking whatever command is being called.
+        os.environ["FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI"] = "true"
+
+        if "obj" not in extra and "obj" not in self.context_settings:
+            extra["obj"] = ScriptInfo(
+                create_app=self.create_app,
+                set_debug_flag=self.set_debug_flag,
+                load_dotenv_defaults=self.load_dotenv,
+            )
+
+        return super().make_context(info_name, args, parent=parent, **extra)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: click.Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help:
+            # Attempt to load --env-file and --app early in case they
+            # were given as env vars. Otherwise no_args_is_help will not
+            # see commands from app.cli.
+            _env_file_option.handle_parse_result(ctx, {}, [])
+            _app_option.handle_parse_result(ctx, {}, [])
+
+        return super().parse_args(ctx, args)
+
+
+def _path_is_ancestor(path: str, other: str) -> bool:
+    """Take ``other`` and remove the length of ``path`` from it. Then join it
+    to ``path``. If it is the original value, ``path`` is an ancestor of
+    ``other``."""
+    return os.path.join(path, other[len(path) :].lstrip(os.sep)) == other
+
+
+def load_dotenv(
+    path: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None, load_defaults: bool = True
+) -> bool:
+    """Load "dotenv" files to set environment variables. A given path takes
+    precedence over ``.env``, which takes precedence over ``.flaskenv``. After
+    loading and combining these files, values are only set if the key is not
+    already set in ``os.environ``.
+
+    This is a no-op if `python-dotenv`_ is not installed.
+
+    .. _python-dotenv: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv#readme
+
+    :param path: Load the file at this location.
+    :param load_defaults: Search for and load the default ``.flaskenv`` and
+        ``.env`` files.
+    :return: ``True`` if at least one env var was loaded.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Added the ``load_defaults`` parameter. A given path takes precedence
+        over default files.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        The current directory is not changed to the location of the
+        loaded file.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        When loading the env files, set the default encoding to UTF-8.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+        Returns ``False`` when python-dotenv is not installed, or when
+        the given path isn't a file.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+    try:
+        import dotenv
+    except ImportError:
+        if path or os.path.isfile(".env") or os.path.isfile(".flaskenv"):
+            click.secho(
+                " * Tip: There are .env files present. Install python-dotenv"
+                " to use them.",
+                fg="yellow",
+                err=True,
+            )
+
+        return False
+
+    data: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+    if load_defaults:
+        for default_name in (".flaskenv", ".env"):
+            if not (default_path := dotenv.find_dotenv(default_name, usecwd=True)):
+                continue
+
+            data |= dotenv.dotenv_values(default_path, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    if path is not None and os.path.isfile(path):
+        data |= dotenv.dotenv_values(path, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if key in os.environ or value is None:
+            continue
+
+        os.environ[key] = value
+
+    return bool(data)  # True if at least one env var was loaded.
+
+
+def show_server_banner(debug: bool, app_import_path: str | None) -> None:
+    """Show extra startup messages the first time the server is run,
+    ignoring the reloader.
+    """
+    if is_running_from_reloader():
+        return
+
+    if app_import_path is not None:
+        click.echo(f" * Serving Flask app '{app_import_path}'")
+
+    if debug is not None:
+        click.echo(f" * Debug mode: {'on' if debug else 'off'}")
+
+
+class CertParamType(click.ParamType):
+    """Click option type for the ``--cert`` option. Allows either an
+    existing file, the string ``'adhoc'``, or an import for a
+    :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` object.
+    """
+
+    name = "path"
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.path_type = click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True)
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: click.Parameter | None, ctx: click.Context | None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            import ssl
+        except ImportError:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                'Using "--cert" requires Python to be compiled with SSL support.',
+                ctx,
+                param,
+            ) from None
+
+        try:
+            return self.path_type(value, param, ctx)
+        except click.BadParameter:
+            value = click.STRING(value, param, ctx).lower()
+
+            if value == "adhoc":
+                try:
+                    import cryptography  # noqa: F401
+                except ImportError:
+                    raise click.BadParameter(
+                        "Using ad-hoc certificates requires the cryptography library.",
+                        ctx,
+                        param,
+                    ) from None
+
+                return value
+
+            obj = import_string(value, silent=True)
+
+            if isinstance(obj, ssl.SSLContext):
+                return obj
+
+            raise
+
+
+def _validate_key(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    """The ``--key`` option must be specified when ``--cert`` is a file.
+    Modifies the ``cert`` param to be a ``(cert, key)`` pair if needed.
+    """
+    cert = ctx.params.get("cert")
+    is_adhoc = cert == "adhoc"
+
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        is_context = False
+    else:
+        is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
+
+    if value is not None:
+        if is_adhoc:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                'When "--cert" is "adhoc", "--key" is not used.', ctx, param
+            )
+
+        if is_context:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                'When "--cert" is an SSLContext object, "--key" is not used.',
+                ctx,
+                param,
+            )
+
+        if not cert:
+            raise click.BadParameter('"--cert" must also be specified.', ctx, param)
+
+        ctx.params["cert"] = cert, value
+
+    else:
+        if cert and not (is_adhoc or is_context):
+            raise click.BadParameter('Required when using "--cert".', ctx, param)
+
+    return value
+
+
+class SeparatedPathType(click.Path):
+    """Click option type that accepts a list of values separated by the
+    OS's path separator (``:``, ``;`` on Windows). Each value is
+    validated as a :class:`click.Path` type.
+    """
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: click.Parameter | None, ctx: click.Context | None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        items = self.split_envvar_value(value)
+        # can't call no-arg super() inside list comprehension until Python 3.12
+        super_convert = super().convert
+        return [super_convert(item, param, ctx) for item in items]
+
+
+@click.command("run", short_help="Run a development server.")
+@click.option("--host", "-h", default="127.0.0.1", help="The interface to bind to.")
+@click.option("--port", "-p", default=5000, help="The port to bind to.")
+@click.option(
+    "--cert",
+    type=CertParamType(),
+    help="Specify a certificate file to use HTTPS.",
+    is_eager=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--key",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True),
+    callback=_validate_key,
+    expose_value=False,
+    help="The key file to use when specifying a certificate.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload/--no-reload",
+    default=None,
+    help="Enable or disable the reloader. By default the reloader "
+    "is active if debug is enabled.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--debugger/--no-debugger",
+    default=None,
+    help="Enable or disable the debugger. By default the debugger "
+    "is active if debug is enabled.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--with-threads/--without-threads",
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable or disable multithreading.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--extra-files",
+    default=None,
+    type=SeparatedPathType(),
+    help=(
+        "Extra files that trigger a reload on change. Multiple paths"
+        f" are separated by {os.path.pathsep!r}."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--exclude-patterns",
+    default=None,
+    type=SeparatedPathType(),
+    help=(
+        "Files matching these fnmatch patterns will not trigger a reload"
+        " on change. Multiple patterns are separated by"
+        f" {os.path.pathsep!r}."
+    ),
+)
+@pass_script_info
+def run_command(
+    info: ScriptInfo,
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    reload: bool,
+    debugger: bool,
+    with_threads: bool,
+    cert: ssl.SSLContext | tuple[str, str | None] | t.Literal["adhoc"] | None,
+    extra_files: list[str] | None,
+    exclude_patterns: list[str] | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Run a local development server.
+
+    This server is for development purposes only. It does not provide
+    the stability, security, or performance of production WSGI servers.
+
+    The reloader and debugger are enabled by default with the '--debug'
+    option.
+    """
+    try:
+        app: WSGIApplication = info.load_app()  # pyright: ignore
+    except Exception as e:
+        if is_running_from_reloader():
+            # When reloading, print out the error immediately, but raise
+            # it later so the debugger or server can handle it.
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            err = e
+
+            def app(
+                environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+            ) -> cabc.Iterable[bytes]:
+                raise err from None
+
+        else:
+            # When not reloading, raise the error immediately so the
+            # command fails.
+            raise e from None
+
+    debug = get_debug_flag()
+
+    if reload is None:
+        reload = debug
+
+    if debugger is None:
+        debugger = debug
+
+    show_server_banner(debug, info.app_import_path)
+
+    run_simple(
+        host,
+        port,
+        app,
+        use_reloader=reload,
+        use_debugger=debugger,
+        threaded=with_threads,
+        ssl_context=cert,
+        extra_files=extra_files,
+        exclude_patterns=exclude_patterns,
+    )
+
+
+run_command.params.insert(0, _debug_option)
+
+
+@click.command("shell", short_help="Run a shell in the app context.")
+@with_appcontext
+def shell_command() -> None:
+    """Run an interactive Python shell in the context of a given
+    Flask application.  The application will populate the default
+    namespace of this shell according to its configuration.
+
+    This is useful for executing small snippets of management code
+    without having to manually configure the application.
+    """
+    import code
+
+    banner = (
+        f"Python {sys.version} on {sys.platform}\n"
+        f"App: {current_app.import_name}\n"
+        f"Instance: {current_app.instance_path}"
+    )
+    ctx: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+
+    # Support the regular Python interpreter startup script if someone
+    # is using it.
+    startup = os.environ.get("PYTHONSTARTUP")
+    if startup and os.path.isfile(startup):
+        with open(startup) as f:
+            eval(compile(f.read(), startup, "exec"), ctx)
+
+    ctx.update(current_app.make_shell_context())
+
+    # Site, customize, or startup script can set a hook to call when
+    # entering interactive mode. The default one sets up readline with
+    # tab and history completion.
+    interactive_hook = getattr(sys, "__interactivehook__", None)
+
+    if interactive_hook is not None:
+        try:
+            import readline
+            from rlcompleter import Completer
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # rlcompleter uses __main__.__dict__ by default, which is
+            # flask.__main__. Use the shell context instead.
+            readline.set_completer(Completer(ctx).complete)
+
+        interactive_hook()
+
+    code.interact(banner=banner, local=ctx)
+
+
+@click.command("routes", short_help="Show the routes for the app.")
+@click.option(
+    "--sort",
+    "-s",
+    type=click.Choice(("endpoint", "methods", "domain", "rule", "match")),
+    default="endpoint",
+    help=(
+        "Method to sort routes by. 'match' is the order that Flask will match routes"
+        " when dispatching a request."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option("--all-methods", is_flag=True, help="Show HEAD and OPTIONS methods.")
+@with_appcontext
+def routes_command(sort: str, all_methods: bool) -> None:
+    """Show all registered routes with endpoints and methods."""
+    rules = list(current_app.url_map.iter_rules())
+
+    if not rules:
+        click.echo("No routes were registered.")
+        return
+
+    ignored_methods = set() if all_methods else {"HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
+    host_matching = current_app.url_map.host_matching
+    has_domain = any(rule.host if host_matching else rule.subdomain for rule in rules)
+    rows = []
+
+    for rule in rules:
+        row = [
+            rule.endpoint,
+            ", ".join(sorted((rule.methods or set()) - ignored_methods)),
+        ]
+
+        if has_domain:
+            row.append((rule.host if host_matching else rule.subdomain) or "")
+
+        row.append(rule.rule)
+        rows.append(row)
+
+    headers = ["Endpoint", "Methods"]
+    sorts = ["endpoint", "methods"]
+
+    if has_domain:
+        headers.append("Host" if host_matching else "Subdomain")
+        sorts.append("domain")
+
+    headers.append("Rule")
+    sorts.append("rule")
+
+    try:
+        rows.sort(key=itemgetter(sorts.index(sort)))
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+
+    rows.insert(0, headers)
+    widths = [max(len(row[i]) for row in rows) for i in range(len(headers))]
+    rows.insert(1, ["-" * w for w in widths])
+    template = "  ".join(f"{{{i}:<{w}}}" for i, w in enumerate(widths))
+
+    for row in rows:
+        click.echo(template.format(*row))
+
+
+cli = FlaskGroup(
+    name="flask",
+    help="""\
+A general utility script for Flask applications.
+
+An application to load must be given with the '--app' option,
+'FLASK_APP' environment variable, or with a 'wsgi.py' or 'app.py' file
+in the current directory.
+""",
+)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    cli.main()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34ef1a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import json
+import os
+import types
+import typing as t
+
+from werkzeug.utils import import_string
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .sansio.app import App
+
+
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class ConfigAttribute(t.Generic[T]):
+    """Makes an attribute forward to the config"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, get_converter: t.Callable[[t.Any], T] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.__name__ = name
+        self.get_converter = get_converter
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(self, obj: None, owner: None) -> te.Self: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(self, obj: App, owner: type[App]) -> T: ...
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: App | None, owner: type[App] | None = None) -> T | te.Self:
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+
+        rv = obj.config[self.__name__]
+
+        if self.get_converter is not None:
+            rv = self.get_converter(rv)
+
+        return rv  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def __set__(self, obj: App, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        obj.config[self.__name__] = value
+
+
+class Config(dict):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    """Works exactly like a dict but provides ways to fill it from files
+    or special dictionaries.  There are two common patterns to populate the
+    config.
+
+    Either you can fill the config from a config file::
+
+        app.config.from_pyfile('yourconfig.cfg')
+
+    Or alternatively you can define the configuration options in the
+    module that calls :meth:`from_object` or provide an import path to
+    a module that should be loaded.  It is also possible to tell it to
+    use the same module and with that provide the configuration values
+    just before the call::
+
+        DEBUG = True
+        SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
+        app.config.from_object(__name__)
+
+    In both cases (loading from any Python file or loading from modules),
+    only uppercase keys are added to the config.  This makes it possible to use
+    lowercase values in the config file for temporary values that are not added
+    to the config or to define the config keys in the same file that implements
+    the application.
+
+    Probably the most interesting way to load configurations is from an
+    environment variable pointing to a file::
+
+        app.config.from_envvar('YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS')
+
+    In this case before launching the application you have to set this
+    environment variable to the file you want to use.  On Linux and OS X
+    use the export statement::
+
+        export YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS='/path/to/config/file'
+
+    On windows use `set` instead.
+
+    :param root_path: path to which files are read relative from.  When the
+                      config object is created by the application, this is
+                      the application's :attr:`~flask.Flask.root_path`.
+    :param defaults: an optional dictionary of default values
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root_path: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        defaults: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(defaults or {})
+        self.root_path = root_path
+
+    def from_envvar(self, variable_name: str, silent: bool = False) -> bool:
+        """Loads a configuration from an environment variable pointing to
+        a configuration file.  This is basically just a shortcut with nicer
+        error messages for this line of code::
+
+            app.config.from_pyfile(os.environ['YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS'])
+
+        :param variable_name: name of the environment variable
+        :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
+                       files.
+        :return: ``True`` if the file was loaded successfully.
+        """
+        rv = os.environ.get(variable_name)
+        if not rv:
+            if silent:
+                return False
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"The environment variable {variable_name!r} is not set"
+                " and as such configuration could not be loaded. Set"
+                " this variable and make it point to a configuration"
+                " file"
+            )
+        return self.from_pyfile(rv, silent=silent)
+
+    def from_prefixed_env(
+        self, prefix: str = "FLASK", *, loads: t.Callable[[str], t.Any] = json.loads
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Load any environment variables that start with ``FLASK_``,
+        dropping the prefix from the env key for the config key. Values
+        are passed through a loading function to attempt to convert them
+        to more specific types than strings.
+
+        Keys are loaded in :func:`sorted` order.
+
+        The default loading function attempts to parse values as any
+        valid JSON type, including dicts and lists.
+
+        Specific items in nested dicts can be set by separating the
+        keys with double underscores (``__``). If an intermediate key
+        doesn't exist, it will be initialized to an empty dict.
+
+        :param prefix: Load env vars that start with this prefix,
+            separated with an underscore (``_``).
+        :param loads: Pass each string value to this function and use
+            the returned value as the config value. If any error is
+            raised it is ignored and the value remains a string. The
+            default is :func:`json.loads`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+        """
+        prefix = f"{prefix}_"
+
+        for key in sorted(os.environ):
+            if not key.startswith(prefix):
+                continue
+
+            value = os.environ[key]
+            key = key.removeprefix(prefix)
+
+            try:
+                value = loads(value)
+            except Exception:
+                # Keep the value as a string if loading failed.
+                pass
+
+            if "__" not in key:
+                # A non-nested key, set directly.
+                self[key] = value
+                continue
+
+            # Traverse nested dictionaries with keys separated by "__".
+            current = self
+            *parts, tail = key.split("__")
+
+            for part in parts:
+                # If an intermediate dict does not exist, create it.
+                if part not in current:
+                    current[part] = {}
+
+                current = current[part]
+
+            current[tail] = value
+
+        return True
+
+    def from_pyfile(
+        self, filename: str | os.PathLike[str], silent: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Updates the values in the config from a Python file.  This function
+        behaves as if the file was imported as module with the
+        :meth:`from_object` function.
+
+        :param filename: the filename of the config.  This can either be an
+                         absolute filename or a filename relative to the
+                         root path.
+        :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
+                       files.
+        :return: ``True`` if the file was loaded successfully.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+           `silent` parameter.
+        """
+        filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
+        d = types.ModuleType("config")
+        d.__file__ = filename
+        try:
+            with open(filename, mode="rb") as config_file:
+                exec(compile(config_file.read(), filename, "exec"), d.__dict__)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR, errno.ENOTDIR):
+                return False
+            e.strerror = f"Unable to load configuration file ({e.strerror})"
+            raise
+        self.from_object(d)
+        return True
+
+    def from_object(self, obj: object | str) -> None:
+        """Updates the values from the given object.  An object can be of one
+        of the following two types:
+
+        -   a string: in this case the object with that name will be imported
+        -   an actual object reference: that object is used directly
+
+        Objects are usually either modules or classes. :meth:`from_object`
+        loads only the uppercase attributes of the module/class. A ``dict``
+        object will not work with :meth:`from_object` because the keys of a
+        ``dict`` are not attributes of the ``dict`` class.
+
+        Example of module-based configuration::
+
+            app.config.from_object('yourapplication.default_config')
+            from yourapplication import default_config
+            app.config.from_object(default_config)
+
+        Nothing is done to the object before loading. If the object is a
+        class and has ``@property`` attributes, it needs to be
+        instantiated before being passed to this method.
+
+        You should not use this function to load the actual configuration but
+        rather configuration defaults.  The actual config should be loaded
+        with :meth:`from_pyfile` and ideally from a location not within the
+        package because the package might be installed system wide.
+
+        See :ref:`config-dev-prod` for an example of class-based configuration
+        using :meth:`from_object`.
+
+        :param obj: an import name or object
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, str):
+            obj = import_string(obj)
+        for key in dir(obj):
+            if key.isupper():
+                self[key] = getattr(obj, key)
+
+    def from_file(
+        self,
+        filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        load: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.Mapping[str, t.Any]],
+        silent: bool = False,
+        text: bool = True,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Update the values in the config from a file that is loaded
+        using the ``load`` parameter. The loaded data is passed to the
+        :meth:`from_mapping` method.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            import json
+            app.config.from_file("config.json", load=json.load)
+
+            import tomllib
+            app.config.from_file("config.toml", load=tomllib.load, text=False)
+
+        :param filename: The path to the data file. This can be an
+            absolute path or relative to the config root path.
+        :param load: A callable that takes a file handle and returns a
+            mapping of loaded data from the file.
+        :type load: ``Callable[[Reader], Mapping]`` where ``Reader``
+            implements a ``read`` method.
+        :param silent: Ignore the file if it doesn't exist.
+        :param text: Open the file in text or binary mode.
+        :return: ``True`` if the file was loaded successfully.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            The ``text`` parameter was added.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
+
+        try:
+            with open(filename, "r" if text else "rb") as f:
+                obj = load(f)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR):
+                return False
+
+            e.strerror = f"Unable to load configuration file ({e.strerror})"
+            raise
+
+        return self.from_mapping(obj)
+
+    def from_mapping(
+        self, mapping: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Updates the config like :meth:`update` ignoring items with
+        non-upper keys.
+
+        :return: Always returns ``True``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        mappings: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        if mapping is not None:
+            mappings.update(mapping)
+        mappings.update(kwargs)
+        for key, value in mappings.items():
+            if key.isupper():
+                self[key] = value
+        return True
+
+    def get_namespace(
+        self, namespace: str, lowercase: bool = True, trim_namespace: bool = True
+    ) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Returns a dictionary containing a subset of configuration options
+        that match the specified namespace/prefix. Example usage::
+
+            app.config['IMAGE_STORE_TYPE'] = 'fs'
+            app.config['IMAGE_STORE_PATH'] = '/var/app/images'
+            app.config['IMAGE_STORE_BASE_URL'] = 'http://img.website.com'
+            image_store_config = app.config.get_namespace('IMAGE_STORE_')
+
+        The resulting dictionary `image_store_config` would look like::
+
+            {
+                'type': 'fs',
+                'path': '/var/app/images',
+                'base_url': 'http://img.website.com'
+            }
+
+        This is often useful when configuration options map directly to
+        keyword arguments in functions or class constructors.
+
+        :param namespace: a configuration namespace
+        :param lowercase: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
+                          dictionary should be lowercase
+        :param trim_namespace: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
+                          dictionary should not include the namespace
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        rv = {}
+        for k, v in self.items():
+            if not k.startswith(namespace):
+                continue
+            if trim_namespace:
+                key = k[len(namespace) :]
+            else:
+                key = k
+            if lowercase:
+                key = key.lower()
+            rv[key] = v
+        return rv
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {dict.__repr__(self)}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/ctx.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/ctx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b164d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/ctx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextvars
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
+
+from . import typing as ft
+from .globals import _cv_app
+from .globals import _cv_request
+from .signals import appcontext_popped
+from .signals import appcontext_pushed
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .app import Flask
+    from .sessions import SessionMixin
+    from .wrappers import Request
+
+
+# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
+_sentinel = object()
+
+
+class _AppCtxGlobals:
+    """A plain object. Used as a namespace for storing data during an
+    application context.
+
+    Creating an app context automatically creates this object, which is
+    made available as the :data:`g` proxy.
+
+    .. describe:: 'key' in g
+
+        Check whether an attribute is present.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    .. describe:: iter(g)
+
+        Return an iterator over the attribute names.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    """
+
+    # Define attr methods to let mypy know this is a namespace object
+    # that has arbitrary attributes.
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            return self.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(name) from None
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.__dict__[name] = value
+
+    def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            del self.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(name) from None
+
+    def get(self, name: str, default: t.Any | None = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Get an attribute by name, or a default value. Like
+        :meth:`dict.get`.
+
+        :param name: Name of attribute to get.
+        :param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+        """
+        return self.__dict__.get(name, default)
+
+    def pop(self, name: str, default: t.Any = _sentinel) -> t.Any:
+        """Get and remove an attribute by name. Like :meth:`dict.pop`.
+
+        :param name: Name of attribute to pop.
+        :param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present,
+            instead of raising a ``KeyError``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        if default is _sentinel:
+            return self.__dict__.pop(name)
+        else:
+            return self.__dict__.pop(name, default)
+
+    def setdefault(self, name: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Get the value of an attribute if it is present, otherwise
+        set and return a default value. Like :meth:`dict.setdefault`.
+
+        :param name: Name of attribute to get.
+        :param default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not
+            present.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        return self.__dict__.setdefault(name, default)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        return item in self.__dict__
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.__dict__)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        ctx = _cv_app.get(None)
+        if ctx is not None:
+            return f"<flask.g of '{ctx.app.name}'>"
+        return object.__repr__(self)
+
+
+def after_this_request(
+    f: ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any],
+) -> ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any]:
+    """Executes a function after this request.  This is useful to modify
+    response objects.  The function is passed the response object and has
+    to return the same or a new one.
+
+    Example::
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index():
+            @after_this_request
+            def add_header(response):
+                response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'Parachute'
+                return response
+            return 'Hello World!'
+
+    This is more useful if a function other than the view function wants to
+    modify a response.  For instance think of a decorator that wants to add
+    some headers without converting the return value into a response object.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    ctx = _cv_request.get(None)
+
+    if ctx is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "'after_this_request' can only be used when a request"
+            " context is active, such as in a view function."
+        )
+
+    ctx._after_request_functions.append(f)
+    return f
+
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+def copy_current_request_context(f: F) -> F:
+    """A helper function that decorates a function to retain the current
+    request context.  This is useful when working with greenlets.  The moment
+    the function is decorated a copy of the request context is created and
+    then pushed when the function is called.  The current session is also
+    included in the copied request context.
+
+    Example::
+
+        import gevent
+        from flask import copy_current_request_context
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index():
+            @copy_current_request_context
+            def do_some_work():
+                # do some work here, it can access flask.request or
+                # flask.session like you would otherwise in the view function.
+                ...
+            gevent.spawn(do_some_work)
+            return 'Regular response'
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    """
+    ctx = _cv_request.get(None)
+
+    if ctx is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "'copy_current_request_context' can only be used when a"
+            " request context is active, such as in a view function."
+        )
+
+    ctx = ctx.copy()
+
+    def wrapper(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        with ctx:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            return ctx.app.ensure_sync(f)(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, f)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def has_request_context() -> bool:
+    """If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or
+    not this function can be used.  For instance, you may want to take advantage
+    of request information if the request object is available, but fail
+    silently if it is unavailable.
+
+    ::
+
+        class User(db.Model):
+
+            def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
+                self.username = username
+                if remote_addr is None and has_request_context():
+                    remote_addr = request.remote_addr
+                self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+
+    Alternatively you can also just test any of the context bound objects
+    (such as :class:`request` or :class:`g`) for truthness::
+
+        class User(db.Model):
+
+            def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
+                self.username = username
+                if remote_addr is None and request:
+                    remote_addr = request.remote_addr
+                self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+    return _cv_request.get(None) is not None
+
+
+def has_app_context() -> bool:
+    """Works like :func:`has_request_context` but for the application
+    context.  You can also just do a boolean check on the
+    :data:`current_app` object instead.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    return _cv_app.get(None) is not None
+
+
+class AppContext:
+    """The app context contains application-specific information. An app
+    context is created and pushed at the beginning of each request if
+    one is not already active. An app context is also pushed when
+    running CLI commands.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: Flask) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None)
+        self.g: _AppCtxGlobals = app.app_ctx_globals_class()
+        self._cv_tokens: list[contextvars.Token[AppContext]] = []
+
+    def push(self) -> None:
+        """Binds the app context to the current context."""
+        self._cv_tokens.append(_cv_app.set(self))
+        appcontext_pushed.send(self.app, _async_wrapper=self.app.ensure_sync)
+
+    def pop(self, exc: BaseException | None = _sentinel) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        """Pops the app context."""
+        try:
+            if len(self._cv_tokens) == 1:
+                if exc is _sentinel:
+                    exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
+        finally:
+            ctx = _cv_app.get()
+            _cv_app.reset(self._cv_tokens.pop())
+
+        if ctx is not self:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                f"Popped wrong app context. ({ctx!r} instead of {self!r})"
+            )
+
+        appcontext_popped.send(self.app, _async_wrapper=self.app.ensure_sync)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> AppContext:
+        self.push()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.pop(exc_value)
+
+
+class RequestContext:
+    """The request context contains per-request information. The Flask
+    app creates and pushes it at the beginning of the request, then pops
+    it at the end of the request. It will create the URL adapter and
+    request object for the WSGI environment provided.
+
+    Do not attempt to use this class directly, instead use
+    :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` and
+    :meth:`~flask.Flask.request_context` to create this object.
+
+    When the request context is popped, it will evaluate all the
+    functions registered on the application for teardown execution
+    (:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request`).
+
+    The request context is automatically popped at the end of the
+    request. When using the interactive debugger, the context will be
+    restored so ``request`` is still accessible. Similarly, the test
+    client can preserve the context after the request ends. However,
+    teardown functions may already have closed some resources such as
+    database connections.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: Flask,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+        request: Request | None = None,
+        session: SessionMixin | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        if request is None:
+            request = app.request_class(environ)
+            request.json_module = app.json
+        self.request: Request = request
+        self.url_adapter = None
+        try:
+            self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(self.request)
+        except HTTPException as e:
+            self.request.routing_exception = e
+        self.flashes: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
+        self.session: SessionMixin | None = session
+        # Functions that should be executed after the request on the response
+        # object.  These will be called before the regular "after_request"
+        # functions.
+        self._after_request_functions: list[ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any]] = []
+
+        self._cv_tokens: list[
+            tuple[contextvars.Token[RequestContext], AppContext | None]
+        ] = []
+
+    def copy(self) -> RequestContext:
+        """Creates a copy of this request context with the same request object.
+        This can be used to move a request context to a different greenlet.
+        Because the actual request object is the same this cannot be used to
+        move a request context to a different thread unless access to the
+        request object is locked.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.1
+           The current session object is used instead of reloading the original
+           data. This prevents `flask.session` pointing to an out-of-date object.
+        """
+        return self.__class__(
+            self.app,
+            environ=self.request.environ,
+            request=self.request,
+            session=self.session,
+        )
+
+    def match_request(self) -> None:
+        """Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching
+        of the request.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)  # type: ignore
+            self.request.url_rule, self.request.view_args = result  # type: ignore
+        except HTTPException as e:
+            self.request.routing_exception = e
+
+    def push(self) -> None:
+        # Before we push the request context we have to ensure that there
+        # is an application context.
+        app_ctx = _cv_app.get(None)
+
+        if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app is not self.app:
+            app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
+            app_ctx.push()
+        else:
+            app_ctx = None
+
+        self._cv_tokens.append((_cv_request.set(self), app_ctx))
+
+        # Open the session at the moment that the request context is available.
+        # This allows a custom open_session method to use the request context.
+        # Only open a new session if this is the first time the request was
+        # pushed, otherwise stream_with_context loses the session.
+        if self.session is None:
+            session_interface = self.app.session_interface
+            self.session = session_interface.open_session(self.app, self.request)
+
+            if self.session is None:
+                self.session = session_interface.make_null_session(self.app)
+
+        # Match the request URL after loading the session, so that the
+        # session is available in custom URL converters.
+        if self.url_adapter is not None:
+            self.match_request()
+
+    def pop(self, exc: BaseException | None = _sentinel) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        """Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that.  This will
+        also trigger the execution of functions registered by the
+        :meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request` decorator.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+           Added the `exc` argument.
+        """
+        clear_request = len(self._cv_tokens) == 1
+
+        try:
+            if clear_request:
+                if exc is _sentinel:
+                    exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
+
+                request_close = getattr(self.request, "close", None)
+                if request_close is not None:
+                    request_close()
+        finally:
+            ctx = _cv_request.get()
+            token, app_ctx = self._cv_tokens.pop()
+            _cv_request.reset(token)
+
+            # get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request
+            # so that we don't require the GC to be active.
+            if clear_request:
+                ctx.request.environ["werkzeug.request"] = None
+
+            if app_ctx is not None:
+                app_ctx.pop(exc)
+
+            if ctx is not self:
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Popped wrong request context. ({ctx!r} instead of {self!r})"
+                )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> RequestContext:
+        self.push()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.pop(exc_value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.request.url!r}"
+            f" [{self.request.method}] of {self.app.name}>"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/debughelpers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/debughelpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8c4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/debughelpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from jinja2.loaders import BaseLoader
+from werkzeug.routing import RequestRedirect
+
+from .blueprints import Blueprint
+from .globals import request_ctx
+from .sansio.app import App
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .sansio.scaffold import Scaffold
+    from .wrappers import Request
+
+
+class UnexpectedUnicodeError(AssertionError, UnicodeError):
+    """Raised in places where we want some better error reporting for
+    unexpected unicode or binary data.
+    """
+
+
+class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError):
+    """Raised from request.files during debugging.  The idea is that it can
+    provide a better error message than just a generic KeyError/BadRequest.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request: Request, key: str) -> None:
+        form_matches = request.form.getlist(key)
+        buf = [
+            f"You tried to access the file {key!r} in the request.files"
+            " dictionary but it does not exist. The mimetype for the"
+            f" request is {request.mimetype!r} instead of"
+            " 'multipart/form-data' which means that no file contents"
+            " were transmitted. To fix this error you should provide"
+            ' enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.'
+        ]
+        if form_matches:
+            names = ", ".join(repr(x) for x in form_matches)
+            buf.append(
+                "\n\nThe browser instead transmitted some file names. "
+                f"This was submitted: {names}"
+            )
+        self.msg = "".join(buf)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.msg
+
+
+class FormDataRoutingRedirect(AssertionError):
+    """This exception is raised in debug mode if a routing redirect
+    would cause the browser to drop the method or body. This happens
+    when method is not GET, HEAD or OPTIONS and the status code is not
+    307 or 308.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        exc = request.routing_exception
+        assert isinstance(exc, RequestRedirect)
+        buf = [
+            f"A request was sent to '{request.url}', but routing issued"
+            f" a redirect to the canonical URL '{exc.new_url}'."
+        ]
+
+        if f"{request.base_url}/" == exc.new_url.partition("?")[0]:
+            buf.append(
+                " The URL was defined with a trailing slash. Flask"
+                " will redirect to the URL with a trailing slash if it"
+                " was accessed without one."
+            )
+
+        buf.append(
+            " Send requests to the canonical URL, or use 307 or 308 for"
+            " routing redirects. Otherwise, browsers will drop form"
+            " data.\n\n"
+            "This exception is only raised in debug mode."
+        )
+        super().__init__("".join(buf))
+
+
+def attach_enctype_error_multidict(request: Request) -> None:
+    """Patch ``request.files.__getitem__`` to raise a descriptive error
+    about ``enctype=multipart/form-data``.
+
+    :param request: The request to patch.
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    oldcls = request.files.__class__
+
+    class newcls(oldcls):  # type: ignore[valid-type, misc]
+        def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> t.Any:
+            try:
+                return super().__getitem__(key)
+            except KeyError as e:
+                if key not in request.form:
+                    raise
+
+                raise DebugFilesKeyError(request, key).with_traceback(
+                    e.__traceback__
+                ) from None
+
+    newcls.__name__ = oldcls.__name__
+    newcls.__module__ = oldcls.__module__
+    request.files.__class__ = newcls
+
+
+def _dump_loader_info(loader: BaseLoader) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    yield f"class: {type(loader).__module__}.{type(loader).__name__}"
+    for key, value in sorted(loader.__dict__.items()):
+        if key.startswith("_"):
+            continue
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            if not all(isinstance(x, str) for x in value):
+                continue
+            yield f"{key}:"
+            for item in value:
+                yield f"  - {item}"
+            continue
+        elif not isinstance(value, (str, int, float, bool)):
+            continue
+        yield f"{key}: {value!r}"
+
+
+def explain_template_loading_attempts(
+    app: App,
+    template: str,
+    attempts: list[
+        tuple[
+            BaseLoader,
+            Scaffold,
+            tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None] | None,
+        ]
+    ],
+) -> None:
+    """This should help developers understand what failed"""
+    info = [f"Locating template {template!r}:"]
+    total_found = 0
+    blueprint = None
+    if request_ctx and request_ctx.request.blueprint is not None:
+        blueprint = request_ctx.request.blueprint
+
+    for idx, (loader, srcobj, triple) in enumerate(attempts):
+        if isinstance(srcobj, App):
+            src_info = f"application {srcobj.import_name!r}"
+        elif isinstance(srcobj, Blueprint):
+            src_info = f"blueprint {srcobj.name!r} ({srcobj.import_name})"
+        else:
+            src_info = repr(srcobj)
+
+        info.append(f"{idx + 1:5}: trying loader of {src_info}")
+
+        for line in _dump_loader_info(loader):
+            info.append(f"       {line}")
+
+        if triple is None:
+            detail = "no match"
+        else:
+            detail = f"found ({triple[1] or '<string>'!r})"
+            total_found += 1
+        info.append(f"       -> {detail}")
+
+    seems_fishy = False
+    if total_found == 0:
+        info.append("Error: the template could not be found.")
+        seems_fishy = True
+    elif total_found > 1:
+        info.append("Warning: multiple loaders returned a match for the template.")
+        seems_fishy = True
+
+    if blueprint is not None and seems_fishy:
+        info.append(
+            "  The template was looked up from an endpoint that belongs"
+            f" to the blueprint {blueprint!r}."
+        )
+        info.append("  Maybe you did not place a template in the right folder?")
+        info.append("  See https://flask.palletsprojects.com/blueprints/#templates")
+
+    app.logger.info("\n".join(info))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/globals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2c410c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+
+from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .app import Flask
+    from .ctx import _AppCtxGlobals
+    from .ctx import AppContext
+    from .ctx import RequestContext
+    from .sessions import SessionMixin
+    from .wrappers import Request
+
+
+_no_app_msg = """\
+Working outside of application context.
+
+This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
+the current application. To solve this, set up an application context
+with app.app_context(). See the documentation for more information.\
+"""
+_cv_app: ContextVar[AppContext] = ContextVar("flask.app_ctx")
+app_ctx: AppContext = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_app, unbound_message=_no_app_msg
+)
+current_app: Flask = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_app, "app", unbound_message=_no_app_msg
+)
+g: _AppCtxGlobals = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_app, "g", unbound_message=_no_app_msg
+)
+
+_no_req_msg = """\
+Working outside of request context.
+
+This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
+an active HTTP request. Consult the documentation on testing for
+information about how to avoid this problem.\
+"""
+_cv_request: ContextVar[RequestContext] = ContextVar("flask.request_ctx")
+request_ctx: RequestContext = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_request, unbound_message=_no_req_msg
+)
+request: Request = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_request, "request", unbound_message=_no_req_msg
+)
+session: SessionMixin = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _cv_request, "session", unbound_message=_no_req_msg
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/helpers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b7e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import cache
+from functools import update_wrapper
+
+import werkzeug.utils
+from werkzeug.exceptions import abort as _wz_abort
+from werkzeug.utils import redirect as _wz_redirect
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as BaseResponse
+
+from .globals import _cv_request
+from .globals import current_app
+from .globals import request
+from .globals import request_ctx
+from .globals import session
+from .signals import message_flashed
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .wrappers import Response
+
+
+def get_debug_flag() -> bool:
+    """Get whether debug mode should be enabled for the app, indicated by the
+    :envvar:`FLASK_DEBUG` environment variable. The default is ``False``.
+    """
+    val = os.environ.get("FLASK_DEBUG")
+    return bool(val and val.lower() not in {"0", "false", "no"})
+
+
+def get_load_dotenv(default: bool = True) -> bool:
+    """Get whether the user has disabled loading default dotenv files by
+    setting :envvar:`FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV`. The default is ``True``, load
+    the files.
+
+    :param default: What to return if the env var isn't set.
+    """
+    val = os.environ.get("FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV")
+
+    if not val:
+        return default
+
+    return val.lower() in ("0", "false", "no")
+
+
+@t.overload
+def stream_with_context(
+    generator_or_function: t.Iterator[t.AnyStr],
+) -> t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def stream_with_context(
+    generator_or_function: t.Callable[..., t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]],
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]], t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]]: ...
+
+
+def stream_with_context(
+    generator_or_function: t.Iterator[t.AnyStr] | t.Callable[..., t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]],
+) -> t.Iterator[t.AnyStr] | t.Callable[[t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]], t.Iterator[t.AnyStr]]:
+    """Request contexts disappear when the response is started on the server.
+    This is done for efficiency reasons and to make it less likely to encounter
+    memory leaks with badly written WSGI middlewares.  The downside is that if
+    you are using streamed responses, the generator cannot access request bound
+    information any more.
+
+    This function however can help you keep the context around for longer::
+
+        from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response
+
+        @app.route('/stream')
+        def streamed_response():
+            @stream_with_context
+            def generate():
+                yield 'Hello '
+                yield request.args['name']
+                yield '!'
+            return Response(generate())
+
+    Alternatively it can also be used around a specific generator::
+
+        from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response
+
+        @app.route('/stream')
+        def streamed_response():
+            def generate():
+                yield 'Hello '
+                yield request.args['name']
+                yield '!'
+            return Response(stream_with_context(generate()))
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    try:
+        gen = iter(generator_or_function)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+
+        def decorator(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            gen = generator_or_function(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[operator]
+            return stream_with_context(gen)
+
+        return update_wrapper(decorator, generator_or_function)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def generator() -> t.Iterator[t.AnyStr | None]:
+        ctx = _cv_request.get(None)
+        if ctx is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "'stream_with_context' can only be used when a request"
+                " context is active, such as in a view function."
+            )
+        with ctx:
+            # Dummy sentinel.  Has to be inside the context block or we're
+            # not actually keeping the context around.
+            yield None
+
+            # The try/finally is here so that if someone passes a WSGI level
+            # iterator in we're still running the cleanup logic.  Generators
+            # don't need that because they are closed on their destruction
+            # automatically.
+            try:
+                yield from gen
+            finally:
+                if hasattr(gen, "close"):
+                    gen.close()
+
+    # The trick is to start the generator.  Then the code execution runs until
+    # the first dummy None is yielded at which point the context was already
+    # pushed.  This item is discarded.  Then when the iteration continues the
+    # real generator is executed.
+    wrapped_g = generator()
+    next(wrapped_g)
+    return wrapped_g  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def make_response(*args: t.Any) -> Response:
+    """Sometimes it is necessary to set additional headers in a view.  Because
+    views do not have to return response objects but can return a value that
+    is converted into a response object by Flask itself, it becomes tricky to
+    add headers to it.  This function can be called instead of using a return
+    and you will get a response object which you can use to attach headers.
+
+    If view looked like this and you want to add a new header::
+
+        def index():
+            return render_template('index.html', foo=42)
+
+    You can now do something like this::
+
+        def index():
+            response = make_response(render_template('index.html', foo=42))
+            response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool'
+            return response
+
+    This function accepts the very same arguments you can return from a
+    view function.  This for example creates a response with a 404 error
+    code::
+
+        response = make_response(render_template('not_found.html'), 404)
+
+    The other use case of this function is to force the return value of a
+    view function into a response which is helpful with view
+    decorators::
+
+        response = make_response(view_function())
+        response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool'
+
+    Internally this function does the following things:
+
+    -   if no arguments are passed, it creates a new response argument
+    -   if one argument is passed, :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response`
+        is invoked with it.
+    -   if more than one argument is passed, the arguments are passed
+        to the :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response` function as tuple.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    """
+    if not args:
+        return current_app.response_class()
+    if len(args) == 1:
+        args = args[0]
+    return current_app.make_response(args)
+
+
+def url_for(
+    endpoint: str,
+    *,
+    _anchor: str | None = None,
+    _method: str | None = None,
+    _scheme: str | None = None,
+    _external: bool | None = None,
+    **values: t.Any,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate a URL to the given endpoint with the given values.
+
+    This requires an active request or application context, and calls
+    :meth:`current_app.url_for() <flask.Flask.url_for>`. See that method
+    for full documentation.
+
+    :param endpoint: The endpoint name associated with the URL to
+        generate. If this starts with a ``.``, the current blueprint
+        name (if any) will be used.
+    :param _anchor: If given, append this as ``#anchor`` to the URL.
+    :param _method: If given, generate the URL associated with this
+        method for the endpoint.
+    :param _scheme: If given, the URL will have this scheme if it is
+        external.
+    :param _external: If given, prefer the URL to be internal (False) or
+        require it to be external (True). External URLs include the
+        scheme and domain. When not in an active request, URLs are
+        external by default.
+    :param values: Values to use for the variable parts of the URL rule.
+        Unknown keys are appended as query string arguments, like
+        ``?a=b&c=d``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.url_for``, allowing an app to override the
+        behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+       The ``_scheme`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+       The ``_anchor`` and ``_method`` parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+       Calls ``app.handle_url_build_error`` on build errors.
+    """
+    return current_app.url_for(
+        endpoint,
+        _anchor=_anchor,
+        _method=_method,
+        _scheme=_scheme,
+        _external=_external,
+        **values,
+    )
+
+
+def redirect(
+    location: str, code: int = 302, Response: type[BaseResponse] | None = None
+) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Create a redirect response object.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
+    :meth:`~flask.Flask.redirect` method, otherwise it will use
+    :func:`werkzeug.utils.redirect`.
+
+    :param location: The URL to redirect to.
+    :param code: The status code for the redirect.
+    :param Response: The response class to use. Not used when
+        ``current_app`` is active, which uses ``app.response_class``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.redirect`` if available instead of always
+        using Werkzeug's default ``redirect``.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        return current_app.redirect(location, code=code)
+
+    return _wz_redirect(location, code=code, Response=Response)
+
+
+def abort(code: int | BaseResponse, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+    """Raise an :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` for the given
+    status code.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will call its
+    :attr:`~flask.Flask.aborter` object, otherwise it will use
+    :func:`werkzeug.exceptions.abort`.
+
+    :param code: The status code for the exception, which must be
+        registered in ``app.aborter``.
+    :param args: Passed to the exception.
+    :param kwargs: Passed to the exception.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.aborter`` if available instead of always
+        using Werkzeug's default ``abort``.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        current_app.aborter(code, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    _wz_abort(code, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def get_template_attribute(template_name: str, attribute: str) -> t.Any:
+    """Loads a macro (or variable) a template exports.  This can be used to
+    invoke a macro from within Python code.  If you for example have a
+    template named :file:`_cider.html` with the following contents:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+       {% macro hello(name) %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endmacro %}
+
+    You can access this from Python code like this::
+
+        hello = get_template_attribute('_cider.html', 'hello')
+        return hello('World')
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.2
+
+    :param template_name: the name of the template
+    :param attribute: the name of the variable of macro to access
+    """
+    return getattr(current_app.jinja_env.get_template(template_name).module, attribute)
+
+
+def flash(message: str, category: str = "message") -> None:
+    """Flashes a message to the next request.  In order to remove the
+    flashed message from the session and to display it to the user,
+    the template has to call :func:`get_flashed_messages`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.3
+       `category` parameter added.
+
+    :param message: the message to be flashed.
+    :param category: the category for the message.  The following values
+                     are recommended: ``'message'`` for any kind of message,
+                     ``'error'`` for errors, ``'info'`` for information
+                     messages and ``'warning'`` for warnings.  However any
+                     kind of string can be used as category.
+    """
+    # Original implementation:
+    #
+    #     session.setdefault('_flashes', []).append((category, message))
+    #
+    # This assumed that changes made to mutable structures in the session are
+    # always in sync with the session object, which is not true for session
+    # implementations that use external storage for keeping their keys/values.
+    flashes = session.get("_flashes", [])
+    flashes.append((category, message))
+    session["_flashes"] = flashes
+    app = current_app._get_current_object()  # type: ignore
+    message_flashed.send(
+        app,
+        _async_wrapper=app.ensure_sync,
+        message=message,
+        category=category,
+    )
+
+
+def get_flashed_messages(
+    with_categories: bool = False, category_filter: t.Iterable[str] = ()
+) -> list[str] | list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Pulls all flashed messages from the session and returns them.
+    Further calls in the same request to the function will return
+    the same messages.  By default just the messages are returned,
+    but when `with_categories` is set to ``True``, the return value will
+    be a list of tuples in the form ``(category, message)`` instead.
+
+    Filter the flashed messages to one or more categories by providing those
+    categories in `category_filter`.  This allows rendering categories in
+    separate html blocks.  The `with_categories` and `category_filter`
+    arguments are distinct:
+
+    * `with_categories` controls whether categories are returned with message
+      text (``True`` gives a tuple, where ``False`` gives just the message text).
+    * `category_filter` filters the messages down to only those matching the
+      provided categories.
+
+    See :doc:`/patterns/flashing` for examples.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.3
+       `with_categories` parameter added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+        `category_filter` parameter added.
+
+    :param with_categories: set to ``True`` to also receive categories.
+    :param category_filter: filter of categories to limit return values.  Only
+                            categories in the list will be returned.
+    """
+    flashes = request_ctx.flashes
+    if flashes is None:
+        flashes = session.pop("_flashes") if "_flashes" in session else []
+        request_ctx.flashes = flashes
+    if category_filter:
+        flashes = list(filter(lambda f: f[0] in category_filter, flashes))
+    if not with_categories:
+        return [x[1] for x in flashes]
+    return flashes
+
+
+def _prepare_send_file_kwargs(**kwargs: t.Any) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+    if kwargs.get("max_age") is None:
+        kwargs["max_age"] = current_app.get_send_file_max_age
+
+    kwargs.update(
+        environ=request.environ,
+        use_x_sendfile=current_app.config["USE_X_SENDFILE"],
+        response_class=current_app.response_class,
+        _root_path=current_app.root_path,  # type: ignore
+    )
+    return kwargs
+
+
+def send_file(
+    path_or_file: os.PathLike[t.AnyStr] | str | t.BinaryIO,
+    mimetype: str | None = None,
+    as_attachment: bool = False,
+    download_name: str | None = None,
+    conditional: bool = True,
+    etag: bool | str = True,
+    last_modified: datetime | int | float | None = None,
+    max_age: None | (int | t.Callable[[str | None], int | None]) = None,
+) -> Response:
+    """Send the contents of a file to the client.
+
+    The first argument can be a file path or a file-like object. Paths
+    are preferred in most cases because Werkzeug can manage the file and
+    get extra information from the path. Passing a file-like object
+    requires that the file is opened in binary mode, and is mostly
+    useful when building a file in memory with :class:`io.BytesIO`.
+
+    Never pass file paths provided by a user. The path is assumed to be
+    trusted, so a user could craft a path to access a file you didn't
+    intend. Use :func:`send_from_directory` to safely serve
+    user-requested paths from within a directory.
+
+    If the WSGI server sets a ``file_wrapper`` in ``environ``, it is
+    used, otherwise Werkzeug's built-in wrapper is used. Alternatively,
+    if the HTTP server supports ``X-Sendfile``, configuring Flask with
+    ``USE_X_SENDFILE = True`` will tell the server to send the given
+    path, which is much more efficient than reading it in Python.
+
+    :param path_or_file: The path to the file to send, relative to the
+        current working directory if a relative path is given.
+        Alternatively, a file-like object opened in binary mode. Make
+        sure the file pointer is seeked to the start of the data.
+    :param mimetype: The MIME type to send for the file. If not
+        provided, it will try to detect it from the file name.
+    :param as_attachment: Indicate to a browser that it should offer to
+        save the file instead of displaying it.
+    :param download_name: The default name browsers will use when saving
+        the file. Defaults to the passed file name.
+    :param conditional: Enable conditional and range responses based on
+        request headers. Requires passing a file path and ``environ``.
+    :param etag: Calculate an ETag for the file, which requires passing
+        a file path. Can also be a string to use instead.
+    :param last_modified: The last modified time to send for the file,
+        in seconds. If not provided, it will try to detect it from the
+        file path.
+    :param max_age: How long the client should cache the file, in
+        seconds. If set, ``Cache-Control`` will be ``public``, otherwise
+        it will be ``no-cache`` to prefer conditional caching.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``download_name`` replaces the ``attachment_filename``
+        parameter. If ``as_attachment=False``, it is passed with
+        ``Content-Disposition: inline`` instead.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``max_age`` replaces the ``cache_timeout`` parameter.
+        ``conditional`` is enabled and ``max_age`` is not set by
+        default.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``etag`` replaces the ``add_etags`` parameter. It can be a
+        string to use instead of generating one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Passing a file-like object that inherits from
+        :class:`~io.TextIOBase` will raise a :exc:`ValueError` rather
+        than sending an empty file.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        Moved the implementation to Werkzeug. This is now a wrapper to
+        pass some Flask-specific arguments.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1
+        ``filename`` may be a :class:`~os.PathLike` object.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1
+        Passing a :class:`~io.BytesIO` object supports range requests.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+        Filenames are encoded with ASCII instead of Latin-1 for broader
+        compatibility with WSGI servers.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        UTF-8 filenames as specified in :rfc:`2231` are supported.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.12
+        The filename is no longer automatically inferred from file
+        objects. If you want to use automatic MIME and etag support,
+        pass a filename via ``filename_or_fp`` or
+        ``attachment_filename``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.12
+        ``attachment_filename`` is preferred over ``filename`` for MIME
+        detection.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+        ``cache_timeout`` defaults to
+        :meth:`Flask.get_send_file_max_age`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+        MIME guessing and etag support for file-like objects was
+        removed because it was unreliable. Pass a filename if you are
+        able to, otherwise attach an etag yourself.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        The ``add_etags``, ``cache_timeout`` and ``conditional``
+        parameters were added. The default behavior is to add etags.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.2
+    """
+    return werkzeug.utils.send_file(  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        **_prepare_send_file_kwargs(
+            path_or_file=path_or_file,
+            environ=request.environ,
+            mimetype=mimetype,
+            as_attachment=as_attachment,
+            download_name=download_name,
+            conditional=conditional,
+            etag=etag,
+            last_modified=last_modified,
+            max_age=max_age,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def send_from_directory(
+    directory: os.PathLike[str] | str,
+    path: os.PathLike[str] | str,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> Response:
+    """Send a file from within a directory using :func:`send_file`.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        @app.route("/uploads/<path:name>")
+        def download_file(name):
+            return send_from_directory(
+                app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], name, as_attachment=True
+            )
+
+    This is a secure way to serve files from a folder, such as static
+    files or uploads. Uses :func:`~werkzeug.security.safe_join` to
+    ensure the path coming from the client is not maliciously crafted to
+    point outside the specified directory.
+
+    If the final path does not point to an existing regular file,
+    raises a 404 :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` error.
+
+    :param directory: The directory that ``path`` must be located under,
+        relative to the current application's root path. This *must not*
+        be a value provided by the client, otherwise it becomes insecure.
+    :param path: The path to the file to send, relative to
+        ``directory``.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments to pass to :func:`send_file`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``path`` replaces the ``filename`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        Moved the implementation to Werkzeug. This is now a wrapper to
+        pass some Flask-specific arguments.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+    return werkzeug.utils.send_from_directory(  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        directory, path, **_prepare_send_file_kwargs(**kwargs)
+    )
+
+
+def get_root_path(import_name: str) -> str:
+    """Find the root path of a package, or the path that contains a
+    module. If it cannot be found, returns the current working
+    directory.
+
+    Not to be confused with the value returned by :func:`find_package`.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    # Module already imported and has a file attribute. Use that first.
+    mod = sys.modules.get(import_name)
+
+    if mod is not None and hasattr(mod, "__file__") and mod.__file__ is not None:
+        return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(mod.__file__))
+
+    # Next attempt: check the loader.
+    try:
+        spec = importlib.util.find_spec(import_name)
+
+        if spec is None:
+            raise ValueError
+    except (ImportError, ValueError):
+        loader = None
+    else:
+        loader = spec.loader
+
+    # Loader does not exist or we're referring to an unloaded main
+    # module or a main module without path (interactive sessions), go
+    # with the current working directory.
+    if loader is None:
+        return os.getcwd()
+
+    if hasattr(loader, "get_filename"):
+        filepath = loader.get_filename(import_name)  # pyright: ignore
+    else:
+        # Fall back to imports.
+        __import__(import_name)
+        mod = sys.modules[import_name]
+        filepath = getattr(mod, "__file__", None)
+
+        # If we don't have a file path it might be because it is a
+        # namespace package. In this case pick the root path from the
+        # first module that is contained in the package.
+        if filepath is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "No root path can be found for the provided module"
+                f" {import_name!r}. This can happen because the module"
+                " came from an import hook that does not provide file"
+                " name information or because it's a namespace package."
+                " In this case the root path needs to be explicitly"
+                " provided."
+            )
+
+    # filepath is import_name.py for a module, or __init__.py for a package.
+    return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filepath))  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@cache
+def _split_blueprint_path(name: str) -> list[str]:
+    out: list[str] = [name]
+
+    if "." in name:
+        out.extend(_split_blueprint_path(name.rpartition(".")[0]))
+
+    return out
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0941d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json as _json
+import typing as t
+
+from ..globals import current_app
+from .provider import _default
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ..wrappers import Response
+
+
+def dumps(obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Serialize data as JSON.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
+    :meth:`app.json.dumps() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.dumps>`
+    method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.dumps`.
+
+    :param obj: The data to serialize.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``dumps`` implementation.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``app`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.json.dumps``, allowing an app to override
+        the behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.2
+        :class:`decimal.Decimal` is supported by converting to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+        ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
+        context for configuration.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        return current_app.json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("default", _default)
+    return _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+
+
+def dump(obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+    """Serialize data as JSON and write to a file.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
+    :meth:`app.json.dump() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.dump>`
+    method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.dump`.
+
+    :param obj: The data to serialize.
+    :param fp: A file opened for writing text. Should use the UTF-8
+        encoding to be valid JSON.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``dump`` implementation.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``app`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.json.dump``, allowing an app to override
+        the behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Writing to a binary file, and the ``encoding`` argument, will be
+        removed in Flask 2.1.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        current_app.json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        kwargs.setdefault("default", _default)
+        _json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
+
+
+def loads(s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    """Deserialize data as JSON.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
+    :meth:`app.json.loads() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.loads>`
+    method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.loads`.
+
+    :param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``loads`` implementation.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``app`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.json.loads``, allowing an app to override
+        the behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1. The data must be a
+        string or UTF-8 bytes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+        ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
+        context for configuration.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        return current_app.json.loads(s, **kwargs)
+
+    return _json.loads(s, **kwargs)
+
+
+def load(fp: t.IO[t.AnyStr], **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    """Deserialize data as JSON read from a file.
+
+    If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
+    :meth:`app.json.load() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.load>`
+    method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.load`.
+
+    :param fp: A file opened for reading text or UTF-8 bytes.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``load`` implementation.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``app`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.json.load``, allowing an app to override
+        the behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        The ``app`` parameter will be removed in Flask 2.3.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1. The file must be text
+        mode, or binary mode with UTF-8 bytes.
+    """
+    if current_app:
+        return current_app.json.load(fp, **kwargs)
+
+    return _json.load(fp, **kwargs)
+
+
+def jsonify(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
+    """Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
+    :class:`~flask.Response` object with the ``application/json``
+    mimetype. A dict or list returned from a view will be converted to a
+    JSON response automatically without needing to call this.
+
+    This requires an active request or application context, and calls
+    :meth:`app.json.response() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.response>`.
+
+    In debug mode, the output is formatted with indentation to make it
+    easier to read. This may also be controlled by the provider.
+
+    Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
+    If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
+
+    :param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
+        treat as a list to serialize.
+    :param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Calls ``current_app.json.response``, allowing an app to override
+        the behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.2
+        :class:`decimal.Decimal` is supported by converting to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.11
+        Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This was a
+        security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`security-json`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.2
+    """
+    return current_app.json.response(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[return-value]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/provider.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea7e475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import decimal
+import json
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+import weakref
+from datetime import date
+
+from werkzeug.http import http_date
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from werkzeug.sansio.response import Response
+
+    from ..sansio.app import App
+
+
+class JSONProvider:
+    """A standard set of JSON operations for an application. Subclasses
+    of this can be used to customize JSON behavior or use different
+    JSON libraries.
+
+    To implement a provider for a specific library, subclass this base
+    class and implement at least :meth:`dumps` and :meth:`loads`. All
+    other methods have default implementations.
+
+    To use a different provider, either subclass ``Flask`` and set
+    :attr:`~flask.Flask.json_provider_class` to a provider class, or set
+    :attr:`app.json <flask.Flask.json>` to an instance of the class.
+
+    :param app: An application instance. This will be stored as a
+        :class:`weakref.proxy` on the :attr:`_app` attribute.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: App) -> None:
+        self._app: App = weakref.proxy(app)
+
+    def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        """Serialize data as JSON.
+
+        :param obj: The data to serialize.
+        :param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def dump(self, obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Serialize data as JSON and write to a file.
+
+        :param obj: The data to serialize.
+        :param fp: A file opened for writing text. Should use the UTF-8
+            encoding to be valid JSON.
+        :param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
+        """
+        fp.write(self.dumps(obj, **kwargs))
+
+    def loads(self, s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Deserialize data as JSON.
+
+        :param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
+        :param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def load(self, fp: t.IO[t.AnyStr], **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Deserialize data as JSON read from a file.
+
+        :param fp: A file opened for reading text or UTF-8 bytes.
+        :param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
+        """
+        return self.loads(fp.read(), **kwargs)
+
+    def _prepare_response_obj(
+        self, args: tuple[t.Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if args and kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("app.json.response() takes either args or kwargs, not both")
+
+        if not args and not kwargs:
+            return None
+
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return args[0]
+
+        return args or kwargs
+
+    def response(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
+        """Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
+        :class:`~flask.Response` object with the ``application/json``
+        mimetype.
+
+        The :func:`~flask.json.jsonify` function calls this method for
+        the current application.
+
+        Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
+        If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
+
+        :param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
+            treat as a list to serialize.
+        :param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
+        """
+        obj = self._prepare_response_obj(args, kwargs)
+        return self._app.response_class(self.dumps(obj), mimetype="application/json")
+
+
+def _default(o: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    if isinstance(o, date):
+        return http_date(o)
+
+    if isinstance(o, (decimal.Decimal, uuid.UUID)):
+        return str(o)
+
+    if dataclasses and dataclasses.is_dataclass(o):
+        return dataclasses.asdict(o)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    if hasattr(o, "__html__"):
+        return str(o.__html__())
+
+    raise TypeError(f"Object of type {type(o).__name__} is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+class DefaultJSONProvider(JSONProvider):
+    """Provide JSON operations using Python's built-in :mod:`json`
+    library. Serializes the following additional data types:
+
+    -   :class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.date` are
+        serialized to :rfc:`822` strings. This is the same as the HTTP
+        date format.
+    -   :class:`uuid.UUID` is serialized to a string.
+    -   :class:`dataclasses.dataclass` is passed to
+        :func:`dataclasses.asdict`.
+    -   :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` (or any object with a ``__html__``
+        method) will call the ``__html__`` method to get a string.
+    """
+
+    default: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any] = staticmethod(_default)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    """Apply this function to any object that :meth:`json.dumps` does
+    not know how to serialize. It should return a valid JSON type or
+    raise a ``TypeError``.
+    """
+
+    ensure_ascii = True
+    """Replace non-ASCII characters with escape sequences. This may be
+    more compatible with some clients, but can be disabled for better
+    performance and size.
+    """
+
+    sort_keys = True
+    """Sort the keys in any serialized dicts. This may be useful for
+    some caching situations, but can be disabled for better performance.
+    When enabled, keys must all be strings, they are not converted
+    before sorting.
+    """
+
+    compact: bool | None = None
+    """If ``True``, or ``None`` out of debug mode, the :meth:`response`
+    output will not add indentation, newlines, or spaces. If ``False``,
+    or ``None`` in debug mode, it will use a non-compact representation.
+    """
+
+    mimetype = "application/json"
+    """The mimetype set in :meth:`response`."""
+
+    def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        """Serialize data as JSON to a string.
+
+        Keyword arguments are passed to :func:`json.dumps`. Sets some
+        parameter defaults from the :attr:`default`,
+        :attr:`ensure_ascii`, and :attr:`sort_keys` attributes.
+
+        :param obj: The data to serialize.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to :func:`json.dumps`.
+        """
+        kwargs.setdefault("default", self.default)
+        kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", self.ensure_ascii)
+        kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", self.sort_keys)
+        return json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    def loads(self, s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Deserialize data as JSON from a string or bytes.
+
+        :param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to :func:`json.loads`.
+        """
+        return json.loads(s, **kwargs)
+
+    def response(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
+        """Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
+        :class:`~flask.Response` object with it. The response mimetype
+        will be "application/json" and can be changed with
+        :attr:`mimetype`.
+
+        If :attr:`compact` is ``False`` or debug mode is enabled, the
+        output will be formatted to be easier to read.
+
+        Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
+        If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
+
+        :param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
+            treat as a list to serialize.
+        :param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
+        """
+        obj = self._prepare_response_obj(args, kwargs)
+        dump_args: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+
+        if (self.compact is None and self._app.debug) or self.compact is False:
+            dump_args.setdefault("indent", 2)
+        else:
+            dump_args.setdefault("separators", (",", ":"))
+
+        return self._app.response_class(
+            f"{self.dumps(obj, **dump_args)}\n", mimetype=self.mimetype
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/tag.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/tag.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc3629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/json/tag.py
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+"""
+Tagged JSON
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON
+types. :class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this
+to serialize the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It
+can be extended to support other types.
+
+.. autoclass:: TaggedJSONSerializer
+    :members:
+
+.. autoclass:: JSONTag
+    :members:
+
+Let's see an example that adds support for
+:class:`~collections.OrderedDict`. Dicts don't have an order in JSON, so
+to handle this we will dump the items as a list of ``[key, value]``
+pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and give it the new key ``' od'`` to
+identify the type. The session serializer processes dicts first, so
+insert the new tag at the front of the order since ``OrderedDict`` must
+be processed before ``dict``.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from flask.json.tag import JSONTag
+
+    class TagOrderedDict(JSONTag):
+        __slots__ = ('serializer',)
+        key = ' od'
+
+        def check(self, value):
+            return isinstance(value, OrderedDict)
+
+        def to_json(self, value):
+            return [[k, self.serializer.tag(v)] for k, v in iteritems(value)]
+
+        def to_python(self, value):
+            return OrderedDict(value)
+
+    app.session_interface.serializer.register(TagOrderedDict, index=0)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from base64 import b64decode
+from base64 import b64encode
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from markupsafe import Markup
+from werkzeug.http import http_date
+from werkzeug.http import parse_date
+
+from ..json import dumps
+from ..json import loads
+
+
+class JSONTag:
+    """Base class for defining type tags for :class:`TaggedJSONSerializer`."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("serializer",)
+
+    #: The tag to mark the serialized object with. If empty, this tag is
+    #: only used as an intermediate step during tagging.
+    key: str = ""
+
+    def __init__(self, serializer: TaggedJSONSerializer) -> None:
+        """Create a tagger for the given serializer."""
+        self.serializer = serializer
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if the given value should be tagged by this tag."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert the Python object to an object that is a valid JSON type.
+        The tag will be added later."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert the JSON representation back to the correct type. The tag
+        will already be removed."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Convert the value to a valid JSON type and add the tag structure
+        around it."""
+        return {self.key: self.to_json(value)}
+
+
+class TagDict(JSONTag):
+    """Tag for 1-item dicts whose only key matches a registered tag.
+
+    Internally, the dict key is suffixed with `__`, and the suffix is removed
+    when deserializing.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " di"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(value, dict)
+            and len(value) == 1
+            and next(iter(value)) in self.serializer.tags
+        )
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        key = next(iter(value))
+        return {f"{key}__": self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        key = next(iter(value))
+        return {key[:-2]: value[key]}
+
+
+class PassDict(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, dict)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        # JSON objects may only have string keys, so don't bother tagging the
+        # key here.
+        return {k: self.serializer.tag(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+
+    tag = to_json
+
+
+class TagTuple(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " t"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, tuple)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return tuple(value)
+
+
+class PassList(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, list)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
+
+    tag = to_json
+
+
+class TagBytes(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " b"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, bytes)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return b64encode(value).decode("ascii")
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return b64decode(value)
+
+
+class TagMarkup(JSONTag):
+    """Serialize anything matching the :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` API by
+    having a ``__html__`` method to the result of that method. Always
+    deserializes to an instance of :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " m"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return callable(getattr(value, "__html__", None))
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return str(value.__html__())
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return Markup(value)
+
+
+class TagUUID(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " u"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, UUID)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return value.hex
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return UUID(value)
+
+
+class TagDateTime(JSONTag):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    key = " d"
+
+    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(value, datetime)
+
+    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return http_date(value)
+
+    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return parse_date(value)
+
+
+class TaggedJSONSerializer:
+    """Serializer that uses a tag system to compactly represent objects that
+    are not JSON types. Passed as the intermediate serializer to
+    :class:`itsdangerous.Serializer`.
+
+    The following extra types are supported:
+
+    * :class:`dict`
+    * :class:`tuple`
+    * :class:`bytes`
+    * :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`
+    * :class:`~uuid.UUID`
+    * :class:`~datetime.datetime`
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("tags", "order")
+
+    #: Tag classes to bind when creating the serializer. Other tags can be
+    #: added later using :meth:`~register`.
+    default_tags = [
+        TagDict,
+        PassDict,
+        TagTuple,
+        PassList,
+        TagBytes,
+        TagMarkup,
+        TagUUID,
+        TagDateTime,
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.tags: dict[str, JSONTag] = {}
+        self.order: list[JSONTag] = []
+
+        for cls in self.default_tags:
+            self.register(cls)
+
+    def register(
+        self,
+        tag_class: type[JSONTag],
+        force: bool = False,
+        index: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a new tag with this serializer.
+
+        :param tag_class: tag class to register. Will be instantiated with this
+            serializer instance.
+        :param force: overwrite an existing tag. If false (default), a
+            :exc:`KeyError` is raised.
+        :param index: index to insert the new tag in the tag order. Useful when
+            the new tag is a special case of an existing tag. If ``None``
+            (default), the tag is appended to the end of the order.
+
+        :raise KeyError: if the tag key is already registered and ``force`` is
+            not true.
+        """
+        tag = tag_class(self)
+        key = tag.key
+
+        if key:
+            if not force and key in self.tags:
+                raise KeyError(f"Tag '{key}' is already registered.")
+
+            self.tags[key] = tag
+
+        if index is None:
+            self.order.append(tag)
+        else:
+            self.order.insert(index, tag)
+
+    def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert a value to a tagged representation if necessary."""
+        for tag in self.order:
+            if tag.check(value):
+                return tag.tag(value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def untag(self, value: dict[str, t.Any]) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert a tagged representation back to the original type."""
+        if len(value) != 1:
+            return value
+
+        key = next(iter(value))
+
+        if key not in self.tags:
+            return value
+
+        return self.tags[key].to_python(value[key])
+
+    def _untag_scan(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            # untag each item recursively
+            value = {k: self._untag_scan(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+            # untag the dict itself
+            value = self.untag(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, list):
+            # untag each item recursively
+            value = [self._untag_scan(item) for item in value]
+
+        return value
+
+    def dumps(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
+        """Tag the value and dump it to a compact JSON string."""
+        return dumps(self.tag(value), separators=(",", ":"))
+
+    def loads(self, value: str) -> t.Any:
+        """Load data from a JSON string and deserialized any tagged objects."""
+        return self._untag_scan(loads(value))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb8f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import sys
+import typing as t
+
+from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
+
+from .globals import request
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .sansio.app import App
+
+
+@LocalProxy
+def wsgi_errors_stream() -> t.TextIO:
+    """Find the most appropriate error stream for the application. If a request
+    is active, log to ``wsgi.errors``, otherwise use ``sys.stderr``.
+
+    If you configure your own :class:`logging.StreamHandler`, you may want to
+    use this for the stream. If you are using file or dict configuration and
+    can't import this directly, you can refer to it as
+    ``ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream``.
+    """
+    if request:
+        return request.environ["wsgi.errors"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    return sys.stderr
+
+
+def has_level_handler(logger: logging.Logger) -> bool:
+    """Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle the
+    given logger's :meth:`effective level <~logging.Logger.getEffectiveLevel>`.
+    """
+    level = logger.getEffectiveLevel()
+    current = logger
+
+    while current:
+        if any(handler.level <= level for handler in current.handlers):
+            return True
+
+        if not current.propagate:
+            break
+
+        current = current.parent  # type: ignore
+
+    return False
+
+
+#: Log messages to :func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with the format
+#: ``[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s``.
+default_handler = logging.StreamHandler(wsgi_errors_stream)  # type: ignore
+default_handler.setFormatter(
+    logging.Formatter("[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s")
+)
+
+
+def create_logger(app: App) -> logging.Logger:
+    """Get the Flask app's logger and configure it if needed.
+
+    The logger name will be the same as
+    :attr:`app.import_name <flask.Flask.name>`.
+
+    When :attr:`~flask.Flask.debug` is enabled, set the logger level to
+    :data:`logging.DEBUG` if it is not set.
+
+    If there is no handler for the logger's effective level, add a
+    :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` for
+    :func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with a basic format.
+    """
+    logger = logging.getLogger(app.name)
+
+    if app.debug and not logger.level:
+        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    if not has_level_handler(logger):
+        logger.addHandler(default_handler)
+
+    return logger
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/README.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..623ac19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Sansio
+
+This folder contains code that can be used by alternative Flask
+implementations, for example Quart. The code therefore cannot do any
+IO, nor be part of a likely IO path. Finally this code cannot use the
+Flask globals.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/__pycache__/app.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/__pycache__/app.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..b7fb546
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@@ -0,0 +1,964 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from datetime import timedelta
+from itertools import chain
+
+from werkzeug.exceptions import Aborter
+from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
+from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequestKeyError
+from werkzeug.routing import BuildError
+from werkzeug.routing import Map
+from werkzeug.routing import Rule
+from werkzeug.sansio.response import Response
+from werkzeug.utils import cached_property
+from werkzeug.utils import redirect as _wz_redirect
+
+from .. import typing as ft
+from ..config import Config
+from ..config import ConfigAttribute
+from ..ctx import _AppCtxGlobals
+from ..helpers import _split_blueprint_path
+from ..helpers import get_debug_flag
+from ..json.provider import DefaultJSONProvider
+from ..json.provider import JSONProvider
+from ..logging import create_logger
+from ..templating import DispatchingJinjaLoader
+from ..templating import Environment
+from .scaffold import _endpoint_from_view_func
+from .scaffold import find_package
+from .scaffold import Scaffold
+from .scaffold import setupmethod
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as BaseResponse
+
+    from ..testing import FlaskClient
+    from ..testing import FlaskCliRunner
+    from .blueprints import Blueprint
+
+T_shell_context_processor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_shell_context_processor", bound=ft.ShellContextProcessorCallable
+)
+T_teardown = t.TypeVar("T_teardown", bound=ft.TeardownCallable)
+T_template_filter = t.TypeVar("T_template_filter", bound=ft.TemplateFilterCallable)
+T_template_global = t.TypeVar("T_template_global", bound=ft.TemplateGlobalCallable)
+T_template_test = t.TypeVar("T_template_test", bound=ft.TemplateTestCallable)
+
+
+def _make_timedelta(value: timedelta | int | None) -> timedelta | None:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, timedelta):
+        return value
+
+    return timedelta(seconds=value)
+
+
+class App(Scaffold):
+    """The flask object implements a WSGI application and acts as the central
+    object.  It is passed the name of the module or package of the
+    application.  Once it is created it will act as a central registry for
+    the view functions, the URL rules, template configuration and much more.
+
+    The name of the package is used to resolve resources from inside the
+    package or the folder the module is contained in depending on if the
+    package parameter resolves to an actual python package (a folder with
+    an :file:`__init__.py` file inside) or a standard module (just a ``.py`` file).
+
+    For more information about resource loading, see :func:`open_resource`.
+
+    Usually you create a :class:`Flask` instance in your main module or
+    in the :file:`__init__.py` file of your package like this::
+
+        from flask import Flask
+        app = Flask(__name__)
+
+    .. admonition:: About the First Parameter
+
+        The idea of the first parameter is to give Flask an idea of what
+        belongs to your application.  This name is used to find resources
+        on the filesystem, can be used by extensions to improve debugging
+        information and a lot more.
+
+        So it's important what you provide there.  If you are using a single
+        module, `__name__` is always the correct value.  If you however are
+        using a package, it's usually recommended to hardcode the name of
+        your package there.
+
+        For example if your application is defined in :file:`yourapplication/app.py`
+        you should create it with one of the two versions below::
+
+            app = Flask('yourapplication')
+            app = Flask(__name__.split('.')[0])
+
+        Why is that?  The application will work even with `__name__`, thanks
+        to how resources are looked up.  However it will make debugging more
+        painful.  Certain extensions can make assumptions based on the
+        import name of your application.  For example the Flask-SQLAlchemy
+        extension will look for the code in your application that triggered
+        an SQL query in debug mode.  If the import name is not properly set
+        up, that debugging information is lost.  (For example it would only
+        pick up SQL queries in `yourapplication.app` and not
+        `yourapplication.views.frontend`)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+       The `static_url_path`, `static_folder`, and `template_folder`
+       parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+       The `instance_path` and `instance_relative_config` parameters were
+       added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.11
+       The `root_path` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+       The ``host_matching`` and ``static_host`` parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+       The ``subdomain_matching`` parameter was added. Subdomain
+       matching needs to be enabled manually now. Setting
+       :data:`SERVER_NAME` does not implicitly enable it.
+
+    :param import_name: the name of the application package
+    :param static_url_path: can be used to specify a different path for the
+                            static files on the web.  Defaults to the name
+                            of the `static_folder` folder.
+    :param static_folder: The folder with static files that is served at
+        ``static_url_path``. Relative to the application ``root_path``
+        or an absolute path. Defaults to ``'static'``.
+    :param static_host: the host to use when adding the static route.
+        Defaults to None. Required when using ``host_matching=True``
+        with a ``static_folder`` configured.
+    :param host_matching: set ``url_map.host_matching`` attribute.
+        Defaults to False.
+    :param subdomain_matching: consider the subdomain relative to
+        :data:`SERVER_NAME` when matching routes. Defaults to False.
+    :param template_folder: the folder that contains the templates that should
+                            be used by the application.  Defaults to
+                            ``'templates'`` folder in the root path of the
+                            application.
+    :param instance_path: An alternative instance path for the application.
+                          By default the folder ``'instance'`` next to the
+                          package or module is assumed to be the instance
+                          path.
+    :param instance_relative_config: if set to ``True`` relative filenames
+                                     for loading the config are assumed to
+                                     be relative to the instance path instead
+                                     of the application root.
+    :param root_path: The path to the root of the application files.
+        This should only be set manually when it can't be detected
+        automatically, such as for namespace packages.
+    """
+
+    #: The class of the object assigned to :attr:`aborter`, created by
+    #: :meth:`create_aborter`. That object is called by
+    #: :func:`flask.abort` to raise HTTP errors, and can be
+    #: called directly as well.
+    #:
+    #: Defaults to :class:`werkzeug.exceptions.Aborter`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    aborter_class = Aborter
+
+    #: The class that is used for the Jinja environment.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.11
+    jinja_environment = Environment
+
+    #: The class that is used for the :data:`~flask.g` instance.
+    #:
+    #: Example use cases for a custom class:
+    #:
+    #: 1. Store arbitrary attributes on flask.g.
+    #: 2. Add a property for lazy per-request database connectors.
+    #: 3. Return None instead of AttributeError on unexpected attributes.
+    #: 4. Raise exception if an unexpected attr is set, a "controlled" flask.g.
+    #:
+    #: In Flask 0.9 this property was called `request_globals_class` but it
+    #: was changed in 0.10 to :attr:`app_ctx_globals_class` because the
+    #: flask.g object is now application context scoped.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    app_ctx_globals_class = _AppCtxGlobals
+
+    #: The class that is used for the ``config`` attribute of this app.
+    #: Defaults to :class:`~flask.Config`.
+    #:
+    #: Example use cases for a custom class:
+    #:
+    #: 1. Default values for certain config options.
+    #: 2. Access to config values through attributes in addition to keys.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.11
+    config_class = Config
+
+    #: The testing flag.  Set this to ``True`` to enable the test mode of
+    #: Flask extensions (and in the future probably also Flask itself).
+    #: For example this might activate test helpers that have an
+    #: additional runtime cost which should not be enabled by default.
+    #:
+    #: If this is enabled and PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS is not changed from the
+    #: default it's implicitly enabled.
+    #:
+    #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the
+    #: ``TESTING`` configuration key.  Defaults to ``False``.
+    testing = ConfigAttribute[bool]("TESTING")
+
+    #: If a secret key is set, cryptographic components can use this to
+    #: sign cookies and other things. Set this to a complex random value
+    #: when you want to use the secure cookie for instance.
+    #:
+    #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the
+    #: :data:`SECRET_KEY` configuration key. Defaults to ``None``.
+    secret_key = ConfigAttribute[t.Union[str, bytes, None]]("SECRET_KEY")
+
+    #: A :class:`~datetime.timedelta` which is used to set the expiration
+    #: date of a permanent session.  The default is 31 days which makes a
+    #: permanent session survive for roughly one month.
+    #:
+    #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the
+    #: ``PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME`` configuration key.  Defaults to
+    #: ``timedelta(days=31)``
+    permanent_session_lifetime = ConfigAttribute[timedelta](
+        "PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME",
+        get_converter=_make_timedelta,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    )
+
+    json_provider_class: type[JSONProvider] = DefaultJSONProvider
+    """A subclass of :class:`~flask.json.provider.JSONProvider`. An
+    instance is created and assigned to :attr:`app.json` when creating
+    the app.
+
+    The default, :class:`~flask.json.provider.DefaultJSONProvider`, uses
+    Python's built-in :mod:`json` library. A different provider can use
+    a different JSON library.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+
+    #: Options that are passed to the Jinja environment in
+    #: :meth:`create_jinja_environment`. Changing these options after
+    #: the environment is created (accessing :attr:`jinja_env`) will
+    #: have no effect.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+    #:     This is a ``dict`` instead of an ``ImmutableDict`` to allow
+    #:     easier configuration.
+    #:
+    jinja_options: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+
+    #: The rule object to use for URL rules created.  This is used by
+    #: :meth:`add_url_rule`.  Defaults to :class:`werkzeug.routing.Rule`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    url_rule_class = Rule
+
+    #: The map object to use for storing the URL rules and routing
+    #: configuration parameters. Defaults to :class:`werkzeug.routing.Map`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 1.1.0
+    url_map_class = Map
+
+    #: The :meth:`test_client` method creates an instance of this test
+    #: client class. Defaults to :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskClient`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    test_client_class: type[FlaskClient] | None = None
+
+    #: The :class:`~click.testing.CliRunner` subclass, by default
+    #: :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskCliRunner` that is used by
+    #: :meth:`test_cli_runner`. Its ``__init__`` method should take a
+    #: Flask app object as the first argument.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    test_cli_runner_class: type[FlaskCliRunner] | None = None
+
+    default_config: dict[str, t.Any]
+    response_class: type[Response]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        import_name: str,
+        static_url_path: str | None = None,
+        static_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = "static",
+        static_host: str | None = None,
+        host_matching: bool = False,
+        subdomain_matching: bool = False,
+        template_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = "templates",
+        instance_path: str | None = None,
+        instance_relative_config: bool = False,
+        root_path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            import_name=import_name,
+            static_folder=static_folder,
+            static_url_path=static_url_path,
+            template_folder=template_folder,
+            root_path=root_path,
+        )
+
+        if instance_path is None:
+            instance_path = self.auto_find_instance_path()
+        elif not os.path.isabs(instance_path):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "If an instance path is provided it must be absolute."
+                " A relative path was given instead."
+            )
+
+        #: Holds the path to the instance folder.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        self.instance_path = instance_path
+
+        #: The configuration dictionary as :class:`Config`.  This behaves
+        #: exactly like a regular dictionary but supports additional methods
+        #: to load a config from files.
+        self.config = self.make_config(instance_relative_config)
+
+        #: An instance of :attr:`aborter_class` created by
+        #: :meth:`make_aborter`. This is called by :func:`flask.abort`
+        #: to raise HTTP errors, and can be called directly as well.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.2
+        #:     Moved from ``flask.abort``, which calls this object.
+        self.aborter = self.make_aborter()
+
+        self.json: JSONProvider = self.json_provider_class(self)
+        """Provides access to JSON methods. Functions in ``flask.json``
+        will call methods on this provider when the application context
+        is active. Used for handling JSON requests and responses.
+
+        An instance of :attr:`json_provider_class`. Can be customized by
+        changing that attribute on a subclass, or by assigning to this
+        attribute afterwards.
+
+        The default, :class:`~flask.json.provider.DefaultJSONProvider`,
+        uses Python's built-in :mod:`json` library. A different provider
+        can use a different JSON library.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.2
+        """
+
+        #: A list of functions that are called by
+        #: :meth:`handle_url_build_error` when :meth:`.url_for` raises a
+        #: :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`. Each function is called
+        #: with ``error``, ``endpoint`` and ``values``. If a function
+        #: returns ``None`` or raises a ``BuildError``, it is skipped.
+        #: Otherwise, its return value is returned by ``url_for``.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        self.url_build_error_handlers: list[
+            t.Callable[[Exception, str, dict[str, t.Any]], str]
+        ] = []
+
+        #: A list of functions that are called when the application context
+        #: is destroyed.  Since the application context is also torn down
+        #: if the request ends this is the place to store code that disconnects
+        #: from databases.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        self.teardown_appcontext_funcs: list[ft.TeardownCallable] = []
+
+        #: A list of shell context processor functions that should be run
+        #: when a shell context is created.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        self.shell_context_processors: list[ft.ShellContextProcessorCallable] = []
+
+        #: Maps registered blueprint names to blueprint objects. The
+        #: dict retains the order the blueprints were registered in.
+        #: Blueprints can be registered multiple times, this dict does
+        #: not track how often they were attached.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        self.blueprints: dict[str, Blueprint] = {}
+
+        #: a place where extensions can store application specific state.  For
+        #: example this is where an extension could store database engines and
+        #: similar things.
+        #:
+        #: The key must match the name of the extension module. For example in
+        #: case of a "Flask-Foo" extension in `flask_foo`, the key would be
+        #: ``'foo'``.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        self.extensions: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+
+        #: The :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Map` for this instance.  You can use
+        #: this to change the routing converters after the class was created
+        #: but before any routes are connected.  Example::
+        #:
+        #:    from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
+        #:
+        #:    class ListConverter(BaseConverter):
+        #:        def to_python(self, value):
+        #:            return value.split(',')
+        #:        def to_url(self, values):
+        #:            return ','.join(super(ListConverter, self).to_url(value)
+        #:                            for value in values)
+        #:
+        #:    app = Flask(__name__)
+        #:    app.url_map.converters['list'] = ListConverter
+        self.url_map = self.url_map_class(host_matching=host_matching)
+
+        self.subdomain_matching = subdomain_matching
+
+        # tracks internally if the application already handled at least one
+        # request.
+        self._got_first_request = False
+
+    def _check_setup_finished(self, f_name: str) -> None:
+        if self._got_first_request:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                f"The setup method '{f_name}' can no longer be called"
+                " on the application. It has already handled its first"
+                " request, any changes will not be applied"
+                " consistently.\n"
+                "Make sure all imports, decorators, functions, etc."
+                " needed to set up the application are done before"
+                " running it."
+            )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def name(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        """The name of the application.  This is usually the import name
+        with the difference that it's guessed from the run file if the
+        import name is main.  This name is used as a display name when
+        Flask needs the name of the application.  It can be set and overridden
+        to change the value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        if self.import_name == "__main__":
+            fn: str | None = getattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__", None)
+            if fn is None:
+                return "__main__"
+            return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(fn))[0]
+        return self.import_name
+
+    @cached_property
+    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
+        """A standard Python :class:`~logging.Logger` for the app, with
+        the same name as :attr:`name`.
+
+        In debug mode, the logger's :attr:`~logging.Logger.level` will
+        be set to :data:`~logging.DEBUG`.
+
+        If there are no handlers configured, a default handler will be
+        added. See :doc:`/logging` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+            The logger takes the same name as :attr:`name` rather than
+            hard-coding ``"flask.app"``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+            Behavior was simplified. The logger is always named
+            ``"flask.app"``. The level is only set during configuration,
+            it doesn't check ``app.debug`` each time. Only one format is
+            used, not different ones depending on ``app.debug``. No
+            handlers are removed, and a handler is only added if no
+            handlers are already configured.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.3
+        """
+        return create_logger(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def jinja_env(self) -> Environment:
+        """The Jinja environment used to load templates.
+
+        The environment is created the first time this property is
+        accessed. Changing :attr:`jinja_options` after that will have no
+        effect.
+        """
+        return self.create_jinja_environment()
+
+    def create_jinja_environment(self) -> Environment:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def make_config(self, instance_relative: bool = False) -> Config:
+        """Used to create the config attribute by the Flask constructor.
+        The `instance_relative` parameter is passed in from the constructor
+        of Flask (there named `instance_relative_config`) and indicates if
+        the config should be relative to the instance path or the root path
+        of the application.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        root_path = self.root_path
+        if instance_relative:
+            root_path = self.instance_path
+        defaults = dict(self.default_config)
+        defaults["DEBUG"] = get_debug_flag()
+        return self.config_class(root_path, defaults)
+
+    def make_aborter(self) -> Aborter:
+        """Create the object to assign to :attr:`aborter`. That object
+        is called by :func:`flask.abort` to raise HTTP errors, and can
+        be called directly as well.
+
+        By default, this creates an instance of :attr:`aborter_class`,
+        which defaults to :class:`werkzeug.exceptions.Aborter`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.2
+        """
+        return self.aborter_class()
+
+    def auto_find_instance_path(self) -> str:
+        """Tries to locate the instance path if it was not provided to the
+        constructor of the application class.  It will basically calculate
+        the path to a folder named ``instance`` next to your main file or
+        the package.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        prefix, package_path = find_package(self.import_name)
+        if prefix is None:
+            return os.path.join(package_path, "instance")
+        return os.path.join(prefix, "var", f"{self.name}-instance")
+
+    def create_global_jinja_loader(self) -> DispatchingJinjaLoader:
+        """Creates the loader for the Jinja2 environment.  Can be used to
+        override just the loader and keeping the rest unchanged.  It's
+        discouraged to override this function.  Instead one should override
+        the :meth:`jinja_loader` function instead.
+
+        The global loader dispatches between the loaders of the application
+        and the individual blueprints.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        return DispatchingJinjaLoader(self)
+
+    def select_jinja_autoescape(self, filename: str) -> bool:
+        """Returns ``True`` if autoescaping should be active for the given
+        template name. If no template name is given, returns `True`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+            Autoescaping is now enabled by default for ``.svg`` files.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        """
+        if filename is None:
+            return True
+        return filename.endswith((".html", ".htm", ".xml", ".xhtml", ".svg"))
+
+    @property
+    def debug(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether debug mode is enabled. When using ``flask run`` to start the
+        development server, an interactive debugger will be shown for unhandled
+        exceptions, and the server will be reloaded when code changes. This maps to the
+        :data:`DEBUG` config key. It may not behave as expected if set late.
+
+        **Do not enable debug mode when deploying in production.**
+
+        Default: ``False``
+        """
+        return self.config["DEBUG"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    @debug.setter
+    def debug(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self.config["DEBUG"] = value
+
+        if self.config["TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD"] is None:
+            self.jinja_env.auto_reload = value
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def register_blueprint(self, blueprint: Blueprint, **options: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Register a :class:`~flask.Blueprint` on the application. Keyword
+        arguments passed to this method will override the defaults set on the
+        blueprint.
+
+        Calls the blueprint's :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.register` method after
+        recording the blueprint in the application's :attr:`blueprints`.
+
+        :param blueprint: The blueprint to register.
+        :param url_prefix: Blueprint routes will be prefixed with this.
+        :param subdomain: Blueprint routes will match on this subdomain.
+        :param url_defaults: Blueprint routes will use these default values for
+            view arguments.
+        :param options: Additional keyword arguments are passed to
+            :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`. They can be
+            accessed in :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.record` callbacks.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+            The ``name`` option can be used to change the (pre-dotted)
+            name the blueprint is registered with. This allows the same
+            blueprint to be registered multiple times with unique names
+            for ``url_for``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        blueprint.register(self, options)
+
+    def iter_blueprints(self) -> t.ValuesView[Blueprint]:
+        """Iterates over all blueprints by the order they were registered.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        return self.blueprints.values()
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_url_rule(
+        self,
+        rule: str,
+        endpoint: str | None = None,
+        view_func: ft.RouteCallable | None = None,
+        provide_automatic_options: bool | None = None,
+        **options: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if endpoint is None:
+            endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)  # type: ignore
+        options["endpoint"] = endpoint
+        methods = options.pop("methods", None)
+
+        # if the methods are not given and the view_func object knows its
+        # methods we can use that instead.  If neither exists, we go with
+        # a tuple of only ``GET`` as default.
+        if methods is None:
+            methods = getattr(view_func, "methods", None) or ("GET",)
+        if isinstance(methods, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Allowed methods must be a list of strings, for"
+                ' example: @app.route(..., methods=["POST"])'
+            )
+        methods = {item.upper() for item in methods}
+
+        # Methods that should always be added
+        required_methods: set[str] = set(getattr(view_func, "required_methods", ()))
+
+        # starting with Flask 0.8 the view_func object can disable and
+        # force-enable the automatic options handling.
+        if provide_automatic_options is None:
+            provide_automatic_options = getattr(
+                view_func, "provide_automatic_options", None
+            )
+
+        if provide_automatic_options is None:
+            if "OPTIONS" not in methods and self.config["PROVIDE_AUTOMATIC_OPTIONS"]:
+                provide_automatic_options = True
+                required_methods.add("OPTIONS")
+            else:
+                provide_automatic_options = False
+
+        # Add the required methods now.
+        methods |= required_methods
+
+        rule_obj = self.url_rule_class(rule, methods=methods, **options)
+        rule_obj.provide_automatic_options = provide_automatic_options  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        self.url_map.add(rule_obj)
+        if view_func is not None:
+            old_func = self.view_functions.get(endpoint)
+            if old_func is not None and old_func != view_func:
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    "View function mapping is overwriting an existing"
+                    f" endpoint function: {endpoint}"
+                )
+            self.view_functions[endpoint] = view_func
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def template_filter(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_filter], T_template_filter]:
+        """A decorator that is used to register custom template filter.
+        You can specify a name for the filter, otherwise the function
+        name will be used. Example::
+
+          @app.template_filter()
+          def reverse(s):
+              return s[::-1]
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_filter) -> T_template_filter:
+            self.add_template_filter(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_template_filter(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateFilterCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a custom template filter.  Works exactly like the
+        :meth:`template_filter` decorator.
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+        self.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def template_test(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_test], T_template_test]:
+        """A decorator that is used to register custom template test.
+        You can specify a name for the test, otherwise the function
+        name will be used. Example::
+
+          @app.template_test()
+          def is_prime(n):
+              if n == 2:
+                  return True
+              for i in range(2, int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(n))) + 1):
+                  if n % i == 0:
+                      return False
+              return True
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_test) -> T_template_test:
+            self.add_template_test(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_template_test(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateTestCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a custom template test.  Works exactly like the
+        :meth:`template_test` decorator.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+        self.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def template_global(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_global], T_template_global]:
+        """A decorator that is used to register a custom template global function.
+        You can specify a name for the global function, otherwise the function
+        name will be used. Example::
+
+            @app.template_global()
+            def double(n):
+                return 2 * n
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the global function, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_global) -> T_template_global:
+            self.add_template_global(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_template_global(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateGlobalCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a custom template global function. Works exactly like the
+        :meth:`template_global` decorator.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the global function, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+        self.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def teardown_appcontext(self, f: T_teardown) -> T_teardown:
+        """Registers a function to be called when the application
+        context is popped. The application context is typically popped
+        after the request context for each request, at the end of CLI
+        commands, or after a manually pushed context ends.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with app.app_context():
+                ...
+
+        When the ``with`` block exits (or ``ctx.pop()`` is called), the
+        teardown functions are called just before the app context is
+        made inactive. Since a request context typically also manages an
+        application context it would also be called when you pop a
+        request context.
+
+        When a teardown function was called because of an unhandled
+        exception it will be passed an error object. If an
+        :meth:`errorhandler` is registered, it will handle the exception
+        and the teardown will not receive it.
+
+        Teardown functions must avoid raising exceptions. If they
+        execute code that might fail they must surround that code with a
+        ``try``/``except`` block and log any errors.
+
+        The return values of teardown functions are ignored.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        self.teardown_appcontext_funcs.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def shell_context_processor(
+        self, f: T_shell_context_processor
+    ) -> T_shell_context_processor:
+        """Registers a shell context processor function.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        self.shell_context_processors.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def _find_error_handler(
+        self, e: Exception, blueprints: list[str]
+    ) -> ft.ErrorHandlerCallable | None:
+        """Return a registered error handler for an exception in this order:
+        blueprint handler for a specific code, app handler for a specific code,
+        blueprint handler for an exception class, app handler for an exception
+        class, or ``None`` if a suitable handler is not found.
+        """
+        exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(type(e))
+        names = (*blueprints, None)
+
+        for c in (code, None) if code is not None else (None,):
+            for name in names:
+                handler_map = self.error_handler_spec[name][c]
+
+                if not handler_map:
+                    continue
+
+                for cls in exc_class.__mro__:
+                    handler = handler_map.get(cls)
+
+                    if handler is not None:
+                        return handler
+        return None
+
+    def trap_http_exception(self, e: Exception) -> bool:
+        """Checks if an HTTP exception should be trapped or not.  By default
+        this will return ``False`` for all exceptions except for a bad request
+        key error if ``TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS`` is set to ``True``.  It
+        also returns ``True`` if ``TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS`` is set to ``True``.
+
+        This is called for all HTTP exceptions raised by a view function.
+        If it returns ``True`` for any exception the error handler for this
+        exception is not called and it shows up as regular exception in the
+        traceback.  This is helpful for debugging implicitly raised HTTP
+        exceptions.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Bad request errors are not trapped by default in debug mode.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        if self.config["TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS"]:
+            return True
+
+        trap_bad_request = self.config["TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS"]
+
+        # if unset, trap key errors in debug mode
+        if (
+            trap_bad_request is None
+            and self.debug
+            and isinstance(e, BadRequestKeyError)
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if trap_bad_request:
+            return isinstance(e, BadRequest)
+
+        return False
+
+    def should_ignore_error(self, error: BaseException | None) -> bool:
+        """This is called to figure out if an error should be ignored
+        or not as far as the teardown system is concerned.  If this
+        function returns ``True`` then the teardown handlers will not be
+        passed the error.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+        """
+        return False
+
+    def redirect(self, location: str, code: int = 302) -> BaseResponse:
+        """Create a redirect response object.
+
+        This is called by :func:`flask.redirect`, and can be called
+        directly as well.
+
+        :param location: The URL to redirect to.
+        :param code: The status code for the redirect.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.2
+            Moved from ``flask.redirect``, which calls this method.
+        """
+        return _wz_redirect(
+            location,
+            code=code,
+            Response=self.response_class,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    def inject_url_defaults(self, endpoint: str, values: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        """Injects the URL defaults for the given endpoint directly into
+        the values dictionary passed.  This is used internally and
+        automatically called on URL building.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        names: t.Iterable[str | None] = (None,)
+
+        # url_for may be called outside a request context, parse the
+        # passed endpoint instead of using request.blueprints.
+        if "." in endpoint:
+            names = chain(
+                names, reversed(_split_blueprint_path(endpoint.rpartition(".")[0]))
+            )
+
+        for name in names:
+            if name in self.url_default_functions:
+                for func in self.url_default_functions[name]:
+                    func(endpoint, values)
+
+    def handle_url_build_error(
+        self, error: BuildError, endpoint: str, values: dict[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Called by :meth:`.url_for` if a
+        :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` was raised. If this returns
+        a value, it will be returned by ``url_for``, otherwise the error
+        will be re-raised.
+
+        Each function in :attr:`url_build_error_handlers` is called with
+        ``error``, ``endpoint`` and ``values``. If a function returns
+        ``None`` or raises a ``BuildError``, it is skipped. Otherwise,
+        its return value is returned by ``url_for``.
+
+        :param error: The active ``BuildError`` being handled.
+        :param endpoint: The endpoint being built.
+        :param values: The keyword arguments passed to ``url_for``.
+        """
+        for handler in self.url_build_error_handlers:
+            try:
+                rv = handler(error, endpoint, values)
+            except BuildError as e:
+                # make error available outside except block
+                error = e
+            else:
+                if rv is not None:
+                    return rv
+
+        # Re-raise if called with an active exception, otherwise raise
+        # the passed in exception.
+        if error is sys.exc_info()[1]:
+            raise
+
+        raise error
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/blueprints.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/blueprints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f912cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/blueprints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import typing as t
+from collections import defaultdict
+from functools import update_wrapper
+
+from .. import typing as ft
+from .scaffold import _endpoint_from_view_func
+from .scaffold import _sentinel
+from .scaffold import Scaffold
+from .scaffold import setupmethod
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .app import App
+
+DeferredSetupFunction = t.Callable[["BlueprintSetupState"], None]
+T_after_request = t.TypeVar("T_after_request", bound=ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any])
+T_before_request = t.TypeVar("T_before_request", bound=ft.BeforeRequestCallable)
+T_error_handler = t.TypeVar("T_error_handler", bound=ft.ErrorHandlerCallable)
+T_teardown = t.TypeVar("T_teardown", bound=ft.TeardownCallable)
+T_template_context_processor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_template_context_processor", bound=ft.TemplateContextProcessorCallable
+)
+T_template_filter = t.TypeVar("T_template_filter", bound=ft.TemplateFilterCallable)
+T_template_global = t.TypeVar("T_template_global", bound=ft.TemplateGlobalCallable)
+T_template_test = t.TypeVar("T_template_test", bound=ft.TemplateTestCallable)
+T_url_defaults = t.TypeVar("T_url_defaults", bound=ft.URLDefaultCallable)
+T_url_value_preprocessor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_url_value_preprocessor", bound=ft.URLValuePreprocessorCallable
+)
+
+
+class BlueprintSetupState:
+    """Temporary holder object for registering a blueprint with the
+    application.  An instance of this class is created by the
+    :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.make_setup_state` method and later passed
+    to all register callback functions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        blueprint: Blueprint,
+        app: App,
+        options: t.Any,
+        first_registration: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: a reference to the current application
+        self.app = app
+
+        #: a reference to the blueprint that created this setup state.
+        self.blueprint = blueprint
+
+        #: a dictionary with all options that were passed to the
+        #: :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_blueprint` method.
+        self.options = options
+
+        #: as blueprints can be registered multiple times with the
+        #: application and not everything wants to be registered
+        #: multiple times on it, this attribute can be used to figure
+        #: out if the blueprint was registered in the past already.
+        self.first_registration = first_registration
+
+        subdomain = self.options.get("subdomain")
+        if subdomain is None:
+            subdomain = self.blueprint.subdomain
+
+        #: The subdomain that the blueprint should be active for, ``None``
+        #: otherwise.
+        self.subdomain = subdomain
+
+        url_prefix = self.options.get("url_prefix")
+        if url_prefix is None:
+            url_prefix = self.blueprint.url_prefix
+        #: The prefix that should be used for all URLs defined on the
+        #: blueprint.
+        self.url_prefix = url_prefix
+
+        self.name = self.options.get("name", blueprint.name)
+        self.name_prefix = self.options.get("name_prefix", "")
+
+        #: A dictionary with URL defaults that is added to each and every
+        #: URL that was defined with the blueprint.
+        self.url_defaults = dict(self.blueprint.url_values_defaults)
+        self.url_defaults.update(self.options.get("url_defaults", ()))
+
+    def add_url_rule(
+        self,
+        rule: str,
+        endpoint: str | None = None,
+        view_func: ft.RouteCallable | None = None,
+        **options: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A helper method to register a rule (and optionally a view function)
+        to the application.  The endpoint is automatically prefixed with the
+        blueprint's name.
+        """
+        if self.url_prefix is not None:
+            if rule:
+                rule = "/".join((self.url_prefix.rstrip("/"), rule.lstrip("/")))
+            else:
+                rule = self.url_prefix
+        options.setdefault("subdomain", self.subdomain)
+        if endpoint is None:
+            endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)  # type: ignore
+        defaults = self.url_defaults
+        if "defaults" in options:
+            defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop("defaults"))
+
+        self.app.add_url_rule(
+            rule,
+            f"{self.name_prefix}.{self.name}.{endpoint}".lstrip("."),
+            view_func,
+            defaults=defaults,
+            **options,
+        )
+
+
+class Blueprint(Scaffold):
+    """Represents a blueprint, a collection of routes and other
+    app-related functions that can be registered on a real application
+    later.
+
+    A blueprint is an object that allows defining application functions
+    without requiring an application object ahead of time. It uses the
+    same decorators as :class:`~flask.Flask`, but defers the need for an
+    application by recording them for later registration.
+
+    Decorating a function with a blueprint creates a deferred function
+    that is called with :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
+    when the blueprint is registered on an application.
+
+    See :doc:`/blueprints` for more information.
+
+    :param name: The name of the blueprint. Will be prepended to each
+        endpoint name.
+    :param import_name: The name of the blueprint package, usually
+        ``__name__``. This helps locate the ``root_path`` for the
+        blueprint.
+    :param static_folder: A folder with static files that should be
+        served by the blueprint's static route. The path is relative to
+        the blueprint's root path. Blueprint static files are disabled
+        by default.
+    :param static_url_path: The url to serve static files from.
+        Defaults to ``static_folder``. If the blueprint does not have
+        a ``url_prefix``, the app's static route will take precedence,
+        and the blueprint's static files won't be accessible.
+    :param template_folder: A folder with templates that should be added
+        to the app's template search path. The path is relative to the
+        blueprint's root path. Blueprint templates are disabled by
+        default. Blueprint templates have a lower precedence than those
+        in the app's templates folder.
+    :param url_prefix: A path to prepend to all of the blueprint's URLs,
+        to make them distinct from the rest of the app's routes.
+    :param subdomain: A subdomain that blueprint routes will match on by
+        default.
+    :param url_defaults: A dict of default values that blueprint routes
+        will receive by default.
+    :param root_path: By default, the blueprint will automatically set
+        this based on ``import_name``. In certain situations this
+        automatic detection can fail, so the path can be specified
+        manually instead.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+        Blueprints have a ``cli`` group to register nested CLI commands.
+        The ``cli_group`` parameter controls the name of the group under
+        the ``flask`` command.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    _got_registered_once = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        import_name: str,
+        static_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        static_url_path: str | None = None,
+        template_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        url_prefix: str | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+        url_defaults: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        root_path: str | None = None,
+        cli_group: str | None = _sentinel,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            import_name=import_name,
+            static_folder=static_folder,
+            static_url_path=static_url_path,
+            template_folder=template_folder,
+            root_path=root_path,
+        )
+
+        if not name:
+            raise ValueError("'name' may not be empty.")
+
+        if "." in name:
+            raise ValueError("'name' may not contain a dot '.' character.")
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.url_prefix = url_prefix
+        self.subdomain = subdomain
+        self.deferred_functions: list[DeferredSetupFunction] = []
+
+        if url_defaults is None:
+            url_defaults = {}
+
+        self.url_values_defaults = url_defaults
+        self.cli_group = cli_group
+        self._blueprints: list[tuple[Blueprint, dict[str, t.Any]]] = []
+
+    def _check_setup_finished(self, f_name: str) -> None:
+        if self._got_registered_once:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                f"The setup method '{f_name}' can no longer be called on the blueprint"
+                f" '{self.name}'. It has already been registered at least once, any"
+                " changes will not be applied consistently.\n"
+                "Make sure all imports, decorators, functions, etc. needed to set up"
+                " the blueprint are done before registering it."
+            )
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def record(self, func: DeferredSetupFunction) -> None:
+        """Registers a function that is called when the blueprint is
+        registered on the application.  This function is called with the
+        state as argument as returned by the :meth:`make_setup_state`
+        method.
+        """
+        self.deferred_functions.append(func)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def record_once(self, func: DeferredSetupFunction) -> None:
+        """Works like :meth:`record` but wraps the function in another
+        function that will ensure the function is only called once.  If the
+        blueprint is registered a second time on the application, the
+        function passed is not called.
+        """
+
+        def wrapper(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+            if state.first_registration:
+                func(state)
+
+        self.record(update_wrapper(wrapper, func))
+
+    def make_setup_state(
+        self, app: App, options: dict[str, t.Any], first_registration: bool = False
+    ) -> BlueprintSetupState:
+        """Creates an instance of :meth:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
+        object that is later passed to the register callback functions.
+        Subclasses can override this to return a subclass of the setup state.
+        """
+        return BlueprintSetupState(self, app, options, first_registration)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def register_blueprint(self, blueprint: Blueprint, **options: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Register a :class:`~flask.Blueprint` on this blueprint. Keyword
+        arguments passed to this method will override the defaults set
+        on the blueprint.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+            The ``name`` option can be used to change the (pre-dotted)
+            name the blueprint is registered with. This allows the same
+            blueprint to be registered multiple times with unique names
+            for ``url_for``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        if blueprint is self:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot register a blueprint on itself")
+        self._blueprints.append((blueprint, options))
+
+    def register(self, app: App, options: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        """Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all
+        views and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the
+        application. Creates a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls
+        each :meth:`record` callback with it.
+
+        :param app: The application this blueprint is being registered
+            with.
+        :param options: Keyword arguments forwarded from
+            :meth:`~Flask.register_blueprint`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Nested blueprints now correctly apply subdomains.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Registering the same blueprint with the same name multiple
+            times is an error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+            Nested blueprints are registered with their dotted name.
+            This allows different blueprints with the same name to be
+            nested at different locations.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+            The ``name`` option can be used to change the (pre-dotted)
+            name the blueprint is registered with. This allows the same
+            blueprint to be registered multiple times with unique names
+            for ``url_for``.
+        """
+        name_prefix = options.get("name_prefix", "")
+        self_name = options.get("name", self.name)
+        name = f"{name_prefix}.{self_name}".lstrip(".")
+
+        if name in app.blueprints:
+            bp_desc = "this" if app.blueprints[name] is self else "a different"
+            existing_at = f" '{name}'" if self_name != name else ""
+
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"The name '{self_name}' is already registered for"
+                f" {bp_desc} blueprint{existing_at}. Use 'name=' to"
+                f" provide a unique name."
+            )
+
+        first_bp_registration = not any(bp is self for bp in app.blueprints.values())
+        first_name_registration = name not in app.blueprints
+
+        app.blueprints[name] = self
+        self._got_registered_once = True
+        state = self.make_setup_state(app, options, first_bp_registration)
+
+        if self.has_static_folder:
+            state.add_url_rule(
+                f"{self.static_url_path}/<path:filename>",
+                view_func=self.send_static_file,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                endpoint="static",
+            )
+
+        # Merge blueprint data into parent.
+        if first_bp_registration or first_name_registration:
+            self._merge_blueprint_funcs(app, name)
+
+        for deferred in self.deferred_functions:
+            deferred(state)
+
+        cli_resolved_group = options.get("cli_group", self.cli_group)
+
+        if self.cli.commands:
+            if cli_resolved_group is None:
+                app.cli.commands.update(self.cli.commands)
+            elif cli_resolved_group is _sentinel:
+                self.cli.name = name
+                app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
+            else:
+                self.cli.name = cli_resolved_group
+                app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
+
+        for blueprint, bp_options in self._blueprints:
+            bp_options = bp_options.copy()
+            bp_url_prefix = bp_options.get("url_prefix")
+            bp_subdomain = bp_options.get("subdomain")
+
+            if bp_subdomain is None:
+                bp_subdomain = blueprint.subdomain
+
+            if state.subdomain is not None and bp_subdomain is not None:
+                bp_options["subdomain"] = bp_subdomain + "." + state.subdomain
+            elif bp_subdomain is not None:
+                bp_options["subdomain"] = bp_subdomain
+            elif state.subdomain is not None:
+                bp_options["subdomain"] = state.subdomain
+
+            if bp_url_prefix is None:
+                bp_url_prefix = blueprint.url_prefix
+
+            if state.url_prefix is not None and bp_url_prefix is not None:
+                bp_options["url_prefix"] = (
+                    state.url_prefix.rstrip("/") + "/" + bp_url_prefix.lstrip("/")
+                )
+            elif bp_url_prefix is not None:
+                bp_options["url_prefix"] = bp_url_prefix
+            elif state.url_prefix is not None:
+                bp_options["url_prefix"] = state.url_prefix
+
+            bp_options["name_prefix"] = name
+            blueprint.register(app, bp_options)
+
+    def _merge_blueprint_funcs(self, app: App, name: str) -> None:
+        def extend(
+            bp_dict: dict[ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[t.Any]],
+            parent_dict: dict[ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[t.Any]],
+        ) -> None:
+            for key, values in bp_dict.items():
+                key = name if key is None else f"{name}.{key}"
+                parent_dict[key].extend(values)
+
+        for key, value in self.error_handler_spec.items():
+            key = name if key is None else f"{name}.{key}"
+            value = defaultdict(
+                dict,
+                {
+                    code: {exc_class: func for exc_class, func in code_values.items()}
+                    for code, code_values in value.items()
+                },
+            )
+            app.error_handler_spec[key] = value
+
+        for endpoint, func in self.view_functions.items():
+            app.view_functions[endpoint] = func
+
+        extend(self.before_request_funcs, app.before_request_funcs)
+        extend(self.after_request_funcs, app.after_request_funcs)
+        extend(
+            self.teardown_request_funcs,
+            app.teardown_request_funcs,
+        )
+        extend(self.url_default_functions, app.url_default_functions)
+        extend(self.url_value_preprocessors, app.url_value_preprocessors)
+        extend(self.template_context_processors, app.template_context_processors)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_url_rule(
+        self,
+        rule: str,
+        endpoint: str | None = None,
+        view_func: ft.RouteCallable | None = None,
+        provide_automatic_options: bool | None = None,
+        **options: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a URL rule with the blueprint. See :meth:`.Flask.add_url_rule` for
+        full documentation.
+
+        The URL rule is prefixed with the blueprint's URL prefix. The endpoint name,
+        used with :func:`url_for`, is prefixed with the blueprint's name.
+        """
+        if endpoint and "." in endpoint:
+            raise ValueError("'endpoint' may not contain a dot '.' character.")
+
+        if view_func and hasattr(view_func, "__name__") and "." in view_func.__name__:
+            raise ValueError("'view_func' name may not contain a dot '.' character.")
+
+        self.record(
+            lambda s: s.add_url_rule(
+                rule,
+                endpoint,
+                view_func,
+                provide_automatic_options=provide_automatic_options,
+                **options,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_template_filter(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_filter], T_template_filter]:
+        """Register a template filter, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.template_filter`.
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_filter) -> T_template_filter:
+            self.add_app_template_filter(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_app_template_filter(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateFilterCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a template filter, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Works like the :meth:`app_template_filter` decorator. Equivalent to
+        :meth:`.Flask.add_template_filter`.
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+            state.app.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+        self.record_once(register_template)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_template_test(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_test], T_template_test]:
+        """Register a template test, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.template_test`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_test) -> T_template_test:
+            self.add_app_template_test(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_app_template_test(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateTestCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a template test, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Works like the :meth:`app_template_test` decorator. Equivalent to
+        :meth:`.Flask.add_template_test`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+            state.app.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+        self.record_once(register_template)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_template_global(
+        self, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_template_global], T_template_global]:
+        """Register a template global, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.template_global`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_template_global) -> T_template_global:
+            self.add_app_template_global(f, name=name)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_app_template_global(
+        self, f: ft.TemplateGlobalCallable, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a template global, available in any template rendered by the
+        application. Works like the :meth:`app_template_global` decorator. Equivalent to
+        :meth:`.Flask.add_template_global`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+        :param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
+                     function name will be used.
+        """
+
+        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+            state.app.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f
+
+        self.record_once(register_template)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def before_app_request(self, f: T_before_request) -> T_before_request:
+        """Like :meth:`before_request`, but before every request, not only those handled
+        by the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.before_request`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def after_app_request(self, f: T_after_request) -> T_after_request:
+        """Like :meth:`after_request`, but after every request, not only those handled
+        by the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.after_request`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def teardown_app_request(self, f: T_teardown) -> T_teardown:
+        """Like :meth:`teardown_request`, but after every request, not only those
+        handled by the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.teardown_request`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_context_processor(
+        self, f: T_template_context_processor
+    ) -> T_template_context_processor:
+        """Like :meth:`context_processor`, but for templates rendered by every view, not
+        only by the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.context_processor`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_errorhandler(
+        self, code: type[Exception] | int
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_error_handler], T_error_handler]:
+        """Like :meth:`errorhandler`, but for every request, not only those handled by
+        the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.errorhandler`.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_error_handler) -> T_error_handler:
+            def from_blueprint(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+                state.app.errorhandler(code)(f)
+
+            self.record_once(from_blueprint)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_url_value_preprocessor(
+        self, f: T_url_value_preprocessor
+    ) -> T_url_value_preprocessor:
+        """Like :meth:`url_value_preprocessor`, but for every request, not only those
+        handled by the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.url_value_preprocessor`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def app_url_defaults(self, f: T_url_defaults) -> T_url_defaults:
+        """Like :meth:`url_defaults`, but for every request, not only those handled by
+        the blueprint. Equivalent to :meth:`.Flask.url_defaults`.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/scaffold.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/scaffold.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a839f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sansio/scaffold.py
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from collections import defaultdict
+from functools import update_wrapper
+
+from jinja2 import BaseLoader
+from jinja2 import FileSystemLoader
+from werkzeug.exceptions import default_exceptions
+from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
+from werkzeug.utils import cached_property
+
+from .. import typing as ft
+from ..helpers import get_root_path
+from ..templating import _default_template_ctx_processor
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from click import Group
+
+# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
+_sentinel = object()
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+T_after_request = t.TypeVar("T_after_request", bound=ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any])
+T_before_request = t.TypeVar("T_before_request", bound=ft.BeforeRequestCallable)
+T_error_handler = t.TypeVar("T_error_handler", bound=ft.ErrorHandlerCallable)
+T_teardown = t.TypeVar("T_teardown", bound=ft.TeardownCallable)
+T_template_context_processor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_template_context_processor", bound=ft.TemplateContextProcessorCallable
+)
+T_url_defaults = t.TypeVar("T_url_defaults", bound=ft.URLDefaultCallable)
+T_url_value_preprocessor = t.TypeVar(
+    "T_url_value_preprocessor", bound=ft.URLValuePreprocessorCallable
+)
+T_route = t.TypeVar("T_route", bound=ft.RouteCallable)
+
+
+def setupmethod(f: F) -> F:
+    f_name = f.__name__
+
+    def wrapper_func(self: Scaffold, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        self._check_setup_finished(f_name)
+        return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return t.cast(F, update_wrapper(wrapper_func, f))
+
+
+class Scaffold:
+    """Common behavior shared between :class:`~flask.Flask` and
+    :class:`~flask.blueprints.Blueprint`.
+
+    :param import_name: The import name of the module where this object
+        is defined. Usually :attr:`__name__` should be used.
+    :param static_folder: Path to a folder of static files to serve.
+        If this is set, a static route will be added.
+    :param static_url_path: URL prefix for the static route.
+    :param template_folder: Path to a folder containing template files.
+        for rendering. If this is set, a Jinja loader will be added.
+    :param root_path: The path that static, template, and resource files
+        are relative to. Typically not set, it is discovered based on
+        the ``import_name``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    cli: Group
+    name: str
+    _static_folder: str | None = None
+    _static_url_path: str | None = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        import_name: str,
+        static_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        static_url_path: str | None = None,
+        template_folder: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        root_path: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        #: The name of the package or module that this object belongs
+        #: to. Do not change this once it is set by the constructor.
+        self.import_name = import_name
+
+        self.static_folder = static_folder  # type: ignore
+        self.static_url_path = static_url_path
+
+        #: The path to the templates folder, relative to
+        #: :attr:`root_path`, to add to the template loader. ``None`` if
+        #: templates should not be added.
+        self.template_folder = template_folder
+
+        if root_path is None:
+            root_path = get_root_path(self.import_name)
+
+        #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look
+        #: up resources contained in the package.
+        self.root_path = root_path
+
+        #: A dictionary mapping endpoint names to view functions.
+        #:
+        #: To register a view function, use the :meth:`route` decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.view_functions: dict[str, ft.RouteCallable] = {}
+
+        #: A data structure of registered error handlers, in the format
+        #: ``{scope: {code: {class: handler}}}``. The ``scope`` key is
+        #: the name of a blueprint the handlers are active for, or
+        #: ``None`` for all requests. The ``code`` key is the HTTP
+        #: status code for ``HTTPException``, or ``None`` for
+        #: other exceptions. The innermost dictionary maps exception
+        #: classes to handler functions.
+        #:
+        #: To register an error handler, use the :meth:`errorhandler`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.error_handler_spec: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey,
+            dict[int | None, dict[type[Exception], ft.ErrorHandlerCallable]],
+        ] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call at the beginning of
+        #: each request, in the format ``{scope: [functions]}``. The
+        #: ``scope`` key is the name of a blueprint the functions are
+        #: active for, or ``None`` for all requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the :meth:`before_request`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.before_request_funcs: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[ft.BeforeRequestCallable]
+        ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call at the end of each
+        #: request, in the format ``{scope: [functions]}``. The
+        #: ``scope`` key is the name of a blueprint the functions are
+        #: active for, or ``None`` for all requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the :meth:`after_request`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.after_request_funcs: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[ft.AfterRequestCallable[t.Any]]
+        ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call at the end of each
+        #: request even if an exception is raised, in the format
+        #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a
+        #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all
+        #: requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the :meth:`teardown_request`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.teardown_request_funcs: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[ft.TeardownCallable]
+        ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call to pass extra context
+        #: values when rendering templates, in the format
+        #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a
+        #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all
+        #: requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the :meth:`context_processor`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.template_context_processors: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[ft.TemplateContextProcessorCallable]
+        ] = defaultdict(list, {None: [_default_template_ctx_processor]})
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call to modify the keyword
+        #: arguments passed to the view function, in the format
+        #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a
+        #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all
+        #: requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the
+        #: :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.url_value_preprocessors: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey,
+            list[ft.URLValuePreprocessorCallable],
+        ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        #: A data structure of functions to call to modify the keyword
+        #: arguments when generating URLs, in the format
+        #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a
+        #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all
+        #: requests.
+        #:
+        #: To register a function, use the :meth:`url_defaults`
+        #: decorator.
+        #:
+        #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified
+        #: directly and its format may change at any time.
+        self.url_default_functions: dict[
+            ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, list[ft.URLDefaultCallable]
+        ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.name!r}>"
+
+    def _check_setup_finished(self, f_name: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def static_folder(self) -> str | None:
+        """The absolute path to the configured static folder. ``None``
+        if no static folder is set.
+        """
+        if self._static_folder is not None:
+            return os.path.join(self.root_path, self._static_folder)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @static_folder.setter
+    def static_folder(self, value: str | os.PathLike[str] | None) -> None:
+        if value is not None:
+            value = os.fspath(value).rstrip(r"\/")
+
+        self._static_folder = value
+
+    @property
+    def has_static_folder(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if :attr:`static_folder` is set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        """
+        return self.static_folder is not None
+
+    @property
+    def static_url_path(self) -> str | None:
+        """The URL prefix that the static route will be accessible from.
+
+        If it was not configured during init, it is derived from
+        :attr:`static_folder`.
+        """
+        if self._static_url_path is not None:
+            return self._static_url_path
+
+        if self.static_folder is not None:
+            basename = os.path.basename(self.static_folder)
+            return f"/{basename}".rstrip("/")
+
+        return None
+
+    @static_url_path.setter
+    def static_url_path(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        if value is not None:
+            value = value.rstrip("/")
+
+        self._static_url_path = value
+
+    @cached_property
+    def jinja_loader(self) -> BaseLoader | None:
+        """The Jinja loader for this object's templates. By default this
+        is a class :class:`jinja2.loaders.FileSystemLoader` to
+        :attr:`template_folder` if it is set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        """
+        if self.template_folder is not None:
+            return FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(self.root_path, self.template_folder))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def _method_route(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        rule: str,
+        options: dict[str, t.Any],
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        if "methods" in options:
+            raise TypeError("Use the 'route' decorator to use the 'methods' argument.")
+
+        return self.route(rule, methods=[method], **options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def get(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["GET"]``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._method_route("GET", rule, options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def post(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["POST"]``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._method_route("POST", rule, options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def put(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["PUT"]``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._method_route("PUT", rule, options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def delete(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["DELETE"]``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._method_route("DELETE", rule, options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def patch(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["PATCH"]``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._method_route("PATCH", rule, options)
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def route(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]:
+        """Decorate a view function to register it with the given URL
+        rule and options. Calls :meth:`add_url_rule`, which has more
+        details about the implementation.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @app.route("/")
+            def index():
+                return "Hello, World!"
+
+        See :ref:`url-route-registrations`.
+
+        The endpoint name for the route defaults to the name of the view
+        function if the ``endpoint`` parameter isn't passed.
+
+        The ``methods`` parameter defaults to ``["GET"]``. ``HEAD`` and
+        ``OPTIONS`` are added automatically.
+
+        :param rule: The URL rule string.
+        :param options: Extra options passed to the
+            :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_route) -> T_route:
+            endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", None)
+            self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def add_url_rule(
+        self,
+        rule: str,
+        endpoint: str | None = None,
+        view_func: ft.RouteCallable | None = None,
+        provide_automatic_options: bool | None = None,
+        **options: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Register a rule for routing incoming requests and building
+        URLs. The :meth:`route` decorator is a shortcut to call this
+        with the ``view_func`` argument. These are equivalent:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @app.route("/")
+            def index():
+                ...
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            def index():
+                ...
+
+            app.add_url_rule("/", view_func=index)
+
+        See :ref:`url-route-registrations`.
+
+        The endpoint name for the route defaults to the name of the view
+        function if the ``endpoint`` parameter isn't passed. An error
+        will be raised if a function has already been registered for the
+        endpoint.
+
+        The ``methods`` parameter defaults to ``["GET"]``. ``HEAD`` is
+        always added automatically, and ``OPTIONS`` is added
+        automatically by default.
+
+        ``view_func`` does not necessarily need to be passed, but if the
+        rule should participate in routing an endpoint name must be
+        associated with a view function at some point with the
+        :meth:`endpoint` decorator.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            app.add_url_rule("/", endpoint="index")
+
+            @app.endpoint("index")
+            def index():
+                ...
+
+        If ``view_func`` has a ``required_methods`` attribute, those
+        methods are added to the passed and automatic methods. If it
+        has a ``provide_automatic_methods`` attribute, it is used as the
+        default if the parameter is not passed.
+
+        :param rule: The URL rule string.
+        :param endpoint: The endpoint name to associate with the rule
+            and view function. Used when routing and building URLs.
+            Defaults to ``view_func.__name__``.
+        :param view_func: The view function to associate with the
+            endpoint name.
+        :param provide_automatic_options: Add the ``OPTIONS`` method and
+            respond to ``OPTIONS`` requests automatically.
+        :param options: Extra options passed to the
+            :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def endpoint(self, endpoint: str) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Decorate a view function to register it for the given
+        endpoint. Used if a rule is added without a ``view_func`` with
+        :meth:`add_url_rule`.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            app.add_url_rule("/ex", endpoint="example")
+
+            @app.endpoint("example")
+            def example():
+                ...
+
+        :param endpoint: The endpoint name to associate with the view
+            function.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: F) -> F:
+            self.view_functions[endpoint] = f
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def before_request(self, f: T_before_request) -> T_before_request:
+        """Register a function to run before each request.
+
+        For example, this can be used to open a database connection, or
+        to load the logged in user from the session.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @app.before_request
+            def load_user():
+                if "user_id" in session:
+                    g.user = db.session.get(session["user_id"])
+
+        The function will be called without any arguments. If it returns
+        a non-``None`` value, the value is handled as if it was the
+        return value from the view, and further request handling is
+        stopped.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        executes before every request. When used on a blueprint, this executes before
+        every request that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint and
+        execute before every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.before_app_request`.
+        """
+        self.before_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def after_request(self, f: T_after_request) -> T_after_request:
+        """Register a function to run after each request to this object.
+
+        The function is called with the response object, and must return
+        a response object. This allows the functions to modify or
+        replace the response before it is sent.
+
+        If a function raises an exception, any remaining
+        ``after_request`` functions will not be called. Therefore, this
+        should not be used for actions that must execute, such as to
+        close resources. Use :meth:`teardown_request` for that.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        executes after every request. When used on a blueprint, this executes after
+        every request that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint and
+        execute after every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.after_app_request`.
+        """
+        self.after_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def teardown_request(self, f: T_teardown) -> T_teardown:
+        """Register a function to be called when the request context is
+        popped. Typically this happens at the end of each request, but
+        contexts may be pushed manually as well during testing.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with app.test_request_context():
+                ...
+
+        When the ``with`` block exits (or ``ctx.pop()`` is called), the
+        teardown functions are called just before the request context is
+        made inactive.
+
+        When a teardown function was called because of an unhandled
+        exception it will be passed an error object. If an
+        :meth:`errorhandler` is registered, it will handle the exception
+        and the teardown will not receive it.
+
+        Teardown functions must avoid raising exceptions. If they
+        execute code that might fail they must surround that code with a
+        ``try``/``except`` block and log any errors.
+
+        The return values of teardown functions are ignored.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        executes after every request. When used on a blueprint, this executes after
+        every request that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint and
+        execute after every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.teardown_app_request`.
+        """
+        self.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def context_processor(
+        self,
+        f: T_template_context_processor,
+    ) -> T_template_context_processor:
+        """Registers a template context processor function. These functions run before
+        rendering a template. The keys of the returned dict are added as variables
+        available in the template.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        is called for every rendered template. When used on a blueprint, this is called
+        for templates rendered from the blueprint's views. To register with a blueprint
+        and affect every template, use :meth:`.Blueprint.app_context_processor`.
+        """
+        self.template_context_processors[None].append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def url_value_preprocessor(
+        self,
+        f: T_url_value_preprocessor,
+    ) -> T_url_value_preprocessor:
+        """Register a URL value preprocessor function for all view
+        functions in the application. These functions will be called before the
+        :meth:`before_request` functions.
+
+        The function can modify the values captured from the matched url before
+        they are passed to the view. For example, this can be used to pop a
+        common language code value and place it in ``g`` rather than pass it to
+        every view.
+
+        The function is passed the endpoint name and values dict. The return
+        value is ignored.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        is called for every request. When used on a blueprint, this is called for
+        requests that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint and affect
+        every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.app_url_value_preprocessor`.
+        """
+        self.url_value_preprocessors[None].append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def url_defaults(self, f: T_url_defaults) -> T_url_defaults:
+        """Callback function for URL defaults for all view functions of the
+        application.  It's called with the endpoint and values and should
+        update the values passed in place.
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        is called for every request. When used on a blueprint, this is called for
+        requests that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint and affect
+        every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.app_url_defaults`.
+        """
+        self.url_default_functions[None].append(f)
+        return f
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def errorhandler(
+        self, code_or_exception: type[Exception] | int
+    ) -> t.Callable[[T_error_handler], T_error_handler]:
+        """Register a function to handle errors by code or exception class.
+
+        A decorator that is used to register a function given an
+        error code.  Example::
+
+            @app.errorhandler(404)
+            def page_not_found(error):
+                return 'This page does not exist', 404
+
+        You can also register handlers for arbitrary exceptions::
+
+            @app.errorhandler(DatabaseError)
+            def special_exception_handler(error):
+                return 'Database connection failed', 500
+
+        This is available on both app and blueprint objects. When used on an app, this
+        can handle errors from every request. When used on a blueprint, this can handle
+        errors from requests that the blueprint handles. To register with a blueprint
+        and affect every request, use :meth:`.Blueprint.app_errorhandler`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+            Use :meth:`register_error_handler` instead of modifying
+            :attr:`error_handler_spec` directly, for application wide error
+            handlers.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+           One can now additionally also register custom exception types
+           that do not necessarily have to be a subclass of the
+           :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` class.
+
+        :param code_or_exception: the code as integer for the handler, or
+                                  an arbitrary exception
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: T_error_handler) -> T_error_handler:
+            self.register_error_handler(code_or_exception, f)
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @setupmethod
+    def register_error_handler(
+        self,
+        code_or_exception: type[Exception] | int,
+        f: ft.ErrorHandlerCallable,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Alternative error attach function to the :meth:`errorhandler`
+        decorator that is more straightforward to use for non decorator
+        usage.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(code_or_exception)
+        self.error_handler_spec[None][code][exc_class] = f
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_exc_class_and_code(
+        exc_class_or_code: type[Exception] | int,
+    ) -> tuple[type[Exception], int | None]:
+        """Get the exception class being handled. For HTTP status codes
+        or ``HTTPException`` subclasses, return both the exception and
+        status code.
+
+        :param exc_class_or_code: Any exception class, or an HTTP status
+            code as an integer.
+        """
+        exc_class: type[Exception]
+
+        if isinstance(exc_class_or_code, int):
+            try:
+                exc_class = default_exceptions[exc_class_or_code]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"'{exc_class_or_code}' is not a recognized HTTP"
+                    " error code. Use a subclass of HTTPException with"
+                    " that code instead."
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            exc_class = exc_class_or_code
+
+        if isinstance(exc_class, Exception):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{exc_class!r} is an instance, not a class. Handlers"
+                " can only be registered for Exception classes or HTTP"
+                " error codes."
+            )
+
+        if not issubclass(exc_class, Exception):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"'{exc_class.__name__}' is not a subclass of Exception."
+                " Handlers can only be registered for Exception classes"
+                " or HTTP error codes."
+            )
+
+        if issubclass(exc_class, HTTPException):
+            return exc_class, exc_class.code
+        else:
+            return exc_class, None
+
+
+def _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func: ft.RouteCallable) -> str:
+    """Internal helper that returns the default endpoint for a given
+    function.  This always is the function name.
+    """
+    assert view_func is not None, "expected view func if endpoint is not provided."
+    return view_func.__name__
+
+
+def _find_package_path(import_name: str) -> str:
+    """Find the path that contains the package or module."""
+    root_mod_name, _, _ = import_name.partition(".")
+
+    try:
+        root_spec = importlib.util.find_spec(root_mod_name)
+
+        if root_spec is None:
+            raise ValueError("not found")
+    except (ImportError, ValueError):
+        # ImportError: the machinery told us it does not exist
+        # ValueError:
+        #    - the module name was invalid
+        #    - the module name is __main__
+        #    - we raised `ValueError` due to `root_spec` being `None`
+        return os.getcwd()
+
+    if root_spec.submodule_search_locations:
+        if root_spec.origin is None or root_spec.origin == "namespace":
+            # namespace package
+            package_spec = importlib.util.find_spec(import_name)
+
+            if package_spec is not None and package_spec.submodule_search_locations:
+                # Pick the path in the namespace that contains the submodule.
+                package_path = pathlib.Path(
+                    os.path.commonpath(package_spec.submodule_search_locations)
+                )
+                search_location = next(
+                    location
+                    for location in root_spec.submodule_search_locations
+                    if package_path.is_relative_to(location)
+                )
+            else:
+                # Pick the first path.
+                search_location = root_spec.submodule_search_locations[0]
+
+            return os.path.dirname(search_location)
+        else:
+            # package with __init__.py
+            return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(root_spec.origin))
+    else:
+        # module
+        return os.path.dirname(root_spec.origin)  # type: ignore[type-var, return-value]
+
+
+def find_package(import_name: str) -> tuple[str | None, str]:
+    """Find the prefix that a package is installed under, and the path
+    that it would be imported from.
+
+    The prefix is the directory containing the standard directory
+    hierarchy (lib, bin, etc.). If the package is not installed to the
+    system (:attr:`sys.prefix`) or a virtualenv (``site-packages``),
+    ``None`` is returned.
+
+    The path is the entry in :attr:`sys.path` that contains the package
+    for import. If the package is not installed, it's assumed that the
+    package was imported from the current working directory.
+    """
+    package_path = _find_package_path(import_name)
+    py_prefix = os.path.abspath(sys.prefix)
+
+    # installed to the system
+    if pathlib.PurePath(package_path).is_relative_to(py_prefix):
+        return py_prefix, package_path
+
+    site_parent, site_folder = os.path.split(package_path)
+
+    # installed to a virtualenv
+    if site_folder.lower() == "site-packages":
+        parent, folder = os.path.split(site_parent)
+
+        # Windows (prefix/lib/site-packages)
+        if folder.lower() == "lib":
+            return parent, package_path
+
+        # Unix (prefix/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages)
+        if os.path.basename(parent).lower() == "lib":
+            return os.path.dirname(parent), package_path
+
+        # something else (prefix/site-packages)
+        return site_parent, package_path
+
+    # not installed
+    return None, package_path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sessions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..375de06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as c
+import hashlib
+import typing as t
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timezone
+
+from itsdangerous import BadSignature
+from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer
+from werkzeug.datastructures import CallbackDict
+
+from .json.tag import TaggedJSONSerializer
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .app import Flask
+    from .wrappers import Request
+    from .wrappers import Response
+
+
+class SessionMixin(MutableMapping[str, t.Any]):
+    """Expands a basic dictionary with session attributes."""
+
+    @property
+    def permanent(self) -> bool:
+        """This reflects the ``'_permanent'`` key in the dict."""
+        return self.get("_permanent", False)
+
+    @permanent.setter
+    def permanent(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self["_permanent"] = bool(value)
+
+    #: Some implementations can detect whether a session is newly
+    #: created, but that is not guaranteed. Use with caution. The mixin
+    # default is hard-coded ``False``.
+    new = False
+
+    #: Some implementations can detect changes to the session and set
+    #: this when that happens. The mixin default is hard coded to
+    #: ``True``.
+    modified = True
+
+    #: Some implementations can detect when session data is read or
+    #: written and set this when that happens. The mixin default is hard
+    #: coded to ``True``.
+    accessed = True
+
+
+class SecureCookieSession(CallbackDict[str, t.Any], SessionMixin):
+    """Base class for sessions based on signed cookies.
+
+    This session backend will set the :attr:`modified` and
+    :attr:`accessed` attributes. It cannot reliably track whether a
+    session is new (vs. empty), so :attr:`new` remains hard coded to
+    ``False``.
+    """
+
+    #: When data is changed, this is set to ``True``. Only the session
+    #: dictionary itself is tracked; if the session contains mutable
+    #: data (for example a nested dict) then this must be set to
+    #: ``True`` manually when modifying that data. The session cookie
+    #: will only be written to the response if this is ``True``.
+    modified = False
+
+    #: When data is read or written, this is set to ``True``. Used by
+    # :class:`.SecureCookieSessionInterface` to add a ``Vary: Cookie``
+    #: header, which allows caching proxies to cache different pages for
+    #: different users.
+    accessed = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial: c.Mapping[str, t.Any] | c.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        def on_update(self: te.Self) -> None:
+            self.modified = True
+            self.accessed = True
+
+        super().__init__(initial, on_update)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> t.Any:
+        self.accessed = True
+        return super().__getitem__(key)
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        self.accessed = True
+        return super().get(key, default)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        self.accessed = True
+        return super().setdefault(key, default)
+
+
+class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
+    """Class used to generate nicer error messages if sessions are not
+    available.  Will still allow read-only access to the empty session
+    but fail on setting.
+    """
+
+    def _fail(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "The session is unavailable because no secret "
+            "key was set.  Set the secret_key on the "
+            "application to something unique and secret."
+        )
+
+    __setitem__ = __delitem__ = clear = pop = popitem = update = setdefault = _fail  # type: ignore # noqa: B950
+    del _fail
+
+
+class SessionInterface:
+    """The basic interface you have to implement in order to replace the
+    default session interface which uses werkzeug's securecookie
+    implementation.  The only methods you have to implement are
+    :meth:`open_session` and :meth:`save_session`, the others have
+    useful defaults which you don't need to change.
+
+    The session object returned by the :meth:`open_session` method has to
+    provide a dictionary like interface plus the properties and methods
+    from the :class:`SessionMixin`.  We recommend just subclassing a dict
+    and adding that mixin::
+
+        class Session(dict, SessionMixin):
+            pass
+
+    If :meth:`open_session` returns ``None`` Flask will call into
+    :meth:`make_null_session` to create a session that acts as replacement
+    if the session support cannot work because some requirement is not
+    fulfilled.  The default :class:`NullSession` class that is created
+    will complain that the secret key was not set.
+
+    To replace the session interface on an application all you have to do
+    is to assign :attr:`flask.Flask.session_interface`::
+
+        app = Flask(__name__)
+        app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
+
+    Multiple requests with the same session may be sent and handled
+    concurrently. When implementing a new session interface, consider
+    whether reads or writes to the backing store must be synchronized.
+    There is no guarantee on the order in which the session for each
+    request is opened or saved, it will occur in the order that requests
+    begin and end processing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    #: :meth:`make_null_session` will look here for the class that should
+    #: be created when a null session is requested.  Likewise the
+    #: :meth:`is_null_session` method will perform a typecheck against
+    #: this type.
+    null_session_class = NullSession
+
+    #: A flag that indicates if the session interface is pickle based.
+    #: This can be used by Flask extensions to make a decision in regards
+    #: to how to deal with the session object.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    pickle_based = False
+
+    def make_null_session(self, app: Flask) -> NullSession:
+        """Creates a null session which acts as a replacement object if the
+        real session support could not be loaded due to a configuration
+        error.  This mainly aids the user experience because the job of the
+        null session is to still support lookup without complaining but
+        modifications are answered with a helpful error message of what
+        failed.
+
+        This creates an instance of :attr:`null_session_class` by default.
+        """
+        return self.null_session_class()
+
+    def is_null_session(self, obj: object) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a given object is a null session.  Null sessions are
+        not asked to be saved.
+
+        This checks if the object is an instance of :attr:`null_session_class`
+        by default.
+        """
+        return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)
+
+    def get_cookie_name(self, app: Flask) -> str:
+        """The name of the session cookie. Uses``app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_NAME"]``."""
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_NAME"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_domain(self, app: Flask) -> str | None:
+        """The value of the ``Domain`` parameter on the session cookie. If not set,
+        browsers will only send the cookie to the exact domain it was set from.
+        Otherwise, they will send it to any subdomain of the given value as well.
+
+        Uses the :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN` config.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Not set by default, does not fall back to ``SERVER_NAME``.
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_path(self, app: Flask) -> str:
+        """Returns the path for which the cookie should be valid.  The
+        default implementation uses the value from the ``SESSION_COOKIE_PATH``
+        config var if it's set, and falls back to ``APPLICATION_ROOT`` or
+        uses ``/`` if it's ``None``.
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_PATH"] or app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_httponly(self, app: Flask) -> bool:
+        """Returns True if the session cookie should be httponly.  This
+        currently just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY``
+        config var.
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_secure(self, app: Flask) -> bool:
+        """Returns True if the cookie should be secure.  This currently
+        just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`` setting.
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_samesite(self, app: Flask) -> str | None:
+        """Return ``'Strict'`` or ``'Lax'`` if the cookie should use the
+        ``SameSite`` attribute. This currently just returns the value of
+        the :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting.
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_cookie_partitioned(self, app: Flask) -> bool:
+        """Returns True if the cookie should be partitioned. By default, uses
+        the value of :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_PARTITIONED`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.1
+        """
+        return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_PARTITIONED"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def get_expiration_time(self, app: Flask, session: SessionMixin) -> datetime | None:
+        """A helper method that returns an expiration date for the session
+        or ``None`` if the session is linked to the browser session.  The
+        default implementation returns now + the permanent session
+        lifetime configured on the application.
+        """
+        if session.permanent:
+            return datetime.now(timezone.utc) + app.permanent_session_lifetime
+        return None
+
+    def should_set_cookie(self, app: Flask, session: SessionMixin) -> bool:
+        """Used by session backends to determine if a ``Set-Cookie`` header
+        should be set for this session cookie for this response. If the session
+        has been modified, the cookie is set. If the session is permanent and
+        the ``SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST`` config is true, the cookie is
+        always set.
+
+        This check is usually skipped if the session was deleted.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+
+        return session.modified or (
+            session.permanent and app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"]
+        )
+
+    def open_session(self, app: Flask, request: Request) -> SessionMixin | None:
+        """This is called at the beginning of each request, after
+        pushing the request context, before matching the URL.
+
+        This must return an object which implements a dictionary-like
+        interface as well as the :class:`SessionMixin` interface.
+
+        This will return ``None`` to indicate that loading failed in
+        some way that is not immediately an error. The request
+        context will fall back to using :meth:`make_null_session`
+        in this case.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def save_session(
+        self, app: Flask, session: SessionMixin, response: Response
+    ) -> None:
+        """This is called at the end of each request, after generating
+        a response, before removing the request context. It is skipped
+        if :meth:`is_null_session` returns ``True``.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+session_json_serializer = TaggedJSONSerializer()
+
+
+def _lazy_sha1(string: bytes = b"") -> t.Any:
+    """Don't access ``hashlib.sha1`` until runtime. FIPS builds may not include
+    SHA-1, in which case the import and use as a default would fail before the
+    developer can configure something else.
+    """
+    return hashlib.sha1(string)
+
+
+class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
+    """The default session interface that stores sessions in signed cookies
+    through the :mod:`itsdangerous` module.
+    """
+
+    #: the salt that should be applied on top of the secret key for the
+    #: signing of cookie based sessions.
+    salt = "cookie-session"
+    #: the hash function to use for the signature.  The default is sha1
+    digest_method = staticmethod(_lazy_sha1)
+    #: the name of the itsdangerous supported key derivation.  The default
+    #: is hmac.
+    key_derivation = "hmac"
+    #: A python serializer for the payload.  The default is a compact
+    #: JSON derived serializer with support for some extra Python types
+    #: such as datetime objects or tuples.
+    serializer = session_json_serializer
+    session_class = SecureCookieSession
+
+    def get_signing_serializer(self, app: Flask) -> URLSafeTimedSerializer | None:
+        if not app.secret_key:
+            return None
+
+        keys: list[str | bytes] = [app.secret_key]
+
+        if fallbacks := app.config["SECRET_KEY_FALLBACKS"]:
+            keys.extend(fallbacks)
+
+        return URLSafeTimedSerializer(
+            keys,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            salt=self.salt,
+            serializer=self.serializer,
+            signer_kwargs={
+                "key_derivation": self.key_derivation,
+                "digest_method": self.digest_method,
+            },
+        )
+
+    def open_session(self, app: Flask, request: Request) -> SecureCookieSession | None:
+        s = self.get_signing_serializer(app)
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        val = request.cookies.get(self.get_cookie_name(app))
+        if not val:
+            return self.session_class()
+        max_age = int(app.permanent_session_lifetime.total_seconds())
+        try:
+            data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age)
+            return self.session_class(data)
+        except BadSignature:
+            return self.session_class()
+
+    def save_session(
+        self, app: Flask, session: SessionMixin, response: Response
+    ) -> None:
+        name = self.get_cookie_name(app)
+        domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
+        path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
+        secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
+        partitioned = self.get_cookie_partitioned(app)
+        samesite = self.get_cookie_samesite(app)
+        httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
+
+        # Add a "Vary: Cookie" header if the session was accessed at all.
+        if session.accessed:
+            response.vary.add("Cookie")
+
+        # If the session is modified to be empty, remove the cookie.
+        # If the session is empty, return without setting the cookie.
+        if not session:
+            if session.modified:
+                response.delete_cookie(
+                    name,
+                    domain=domain,
+                    path=path,
+                    secure=secure,
+                    partitioned=partitioned,
+                    samesite=samesite,
+                    httponly=httponly,
+                )
+                response.vary.add("Cookie")
+
+            return
+
+        if not self.should_set_cookie(app, session):
+            return
+
+        expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
+        val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        response.set_cookie(
+            name,
+            val,
+            expires=expires,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            domain=domain,
+            path=path,
+            secure=secure,
+            partitioned=partitioned,
+            samesite=samesite,
+        )
+        response.vary.add("Cookie")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/signals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..444fda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from blinker import Namespace
+
+# This namespace is only for signals provided by Flask itself.
+_signals = Namespace()
+
+template_rendered = _signals.signal("template-rendered")
+before_render_template = _signals.signal("before-render-template")
+request_started = _signals.signal("request-started")
+request_finished = _signals.signal("request-finished")
+request_tearing_down = _signals.signal("request-tearing-down")
+got_request_exception = _signals.signal("got-request-exception")
+appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal("appcontext-tearing-down")
+appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal("appcontext-pushed")
+appcontext_popped = _signals.signal("appcontext-popped")
+message_flashed = _signals.signal("message-flashed")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/templating.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..618a3b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from jinja2 import BaseLoader
+from jinja2 import Environment as BaseEnvironment
+from jinja2 import Template
+from jinja2 import TemplateNotFound
+
+from .globals import _cv_app
+from .globals import _cv_request
+from .globals import current_app
+from .globals import request
+from .helpers import stream_with_context
+from .signals import before_render_template
+from .signals import template_rendered
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .app import Flask
+    from .sansio.app import App
+    from .sansio.scaffold import Scaffold
+
+
+def _default_template_ctx_processor() -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+    """Default template context processor.  Injects `request`,
+    `session` and `g`.
+    """
+    appctx = _cv_app.get(None)
+    reqctx = _cv_request.get(None)
+    rv: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+    if appctx is not None:
+        rv["g"] = appctx.g
+    if reqctx is not None:
+        rv["request"] = reqctx.request
+        rv["session"] = reqctx.session
+    return rv
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    """Works like a regular Jinja2 environment but has some additional
+    knowledge of how Flask's blueprint works so that it can prepend the
+    name of the blueprint to referenced templates if necessary.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: App, **options: t.Any) -> None:
+        if "loader" not in options:
+            options["loader"] = app.create_global_jinja_loader()
+        BaseEnvironment.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.app = app
+
+
+class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """A loader that looks for templates in the application and all
+    the blueprint folders.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: App) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: BaseEnvironment, template: str
+    ) -> tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+        if self.app.config["EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING"]:
+            return self._get_source_explained(environment, template)
+        return self._get_source_fast(environment, template)
+
+    def _get_source_explained(
+        self, environment: BaseEnvironment, template: str
+    ) -> tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+        attempts = []
+        rv: tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None] | None
+        trv: None | (tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None]) = None
+
+        for srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
+            try:
+                rv = loader.get_source(environment, template)
+                if trv is None:
+                    trv = rv
+            except TemplateNotFound:
+                rv = None
+            attempts.append((loader, srcobj, rv))
+
+        from .debughelpers import explain_template_loading_attempts
+
+        explain_template_loading_attempts(self.app, template, attempts)
+
+        if trv is not None:
+            return trv
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    def _get_source_fast(
+        self, environment: BaseEnvironment, template: str
+    ) -> tuple[str, str | None, t.Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+        for _srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
+            try:
+                return loader.get_source(environment, template)
+            except TemplateNotFound:
+                continue
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    def _iter_loaders(self, template: str) -> t.Iterator[tuple[Scaffold, BaseLoader]]:
+        loader = self.app.jinja_loader
+        if loader is not None:
+            yield self.app, loader
+
+        for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
+            loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
+            if loader is not None:
+                yield blueprint, loader
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> list[str]:
+        result = set()
+        loader = self.app.jinja_loader
+        if loader is not None:
+            result.update(loader.list_templates())
+
+        for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
+            loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
+            if loader is not None:
+                for template in loader.list_templates():
+                    result.add(template)
+
+        return list(result)
+
+
+def _render(app: Flask, template: Template, context: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+    app.update_template_context(context)
+    before_render_template.send(
+        app, _async_wrapper=app.ensure_sync, template=template, context=context
+    )
+    rv = template.render(context)
+    template_rendered.send(
+        app, _async_wrapper=app.ensure_sync, template=template, context=context
+    )
+    return rv
+
+
+def render_template(
+    template_name_or_list: str | Template | list[str | Template],
+    **context: t.Any,
+) -> str:
+    """Render a template by name with the given context.
+
+    :param template_name_or_list: The name of the template to render. If
+        a list is given, the first name to exist will be rendered.
+    :param context: The variables to make available in the template.
+    """
+    app = current_app._get_current_object()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    template = app.jinja_env.get_or_select_template(template_name_or_list)
+    return _render(app, template, context)
+
+
+def render_template_string(source: str, **context: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Render a template from the given source string with the given
+    context.
+
+    :param source: The source code of the template to render.
+    :param context: The variables to make available in the template.
+    """
+    app = current_app._get_current_object()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    template = app.jinja_env.from_string(source)
+    return _render(app, template, context)
+
+
+def _stream(
+    app: Flask, template: Template, context: dict[str, t.Any]
+) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    app.update_template_context(context)
+    before_render_template.send(
+        app, _async_wrapper=app.ensure_sync, template=template, context=context
+    )
+
+    def generate() -> t.Iterator[str]:
+        yield from template.generate(context)
+        template_rendered.send(
+            app, _async_wrapper=app.ensure_sync, template=template, context=context
+        )
+
+    rv = generate()
+
+    # If a request context is active, keep it while generating.
+    if request:
+        rv = stream_with_context(rv)
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def stream_template(
+    template_name_or_list: str | Template | list[str | Template],
+    **context: t.Any,
+) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    """Render a template by name with the given context as a stream.
+    This returns an iterator of strings, which can be used as a
+    streaming response from a view.
+
+    :param template_name_or_list: The name of the template to render. If
+        a list is given, the first name to exist will be rendered.
+    :param context: The variables to make available in the template.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    app = current_app._get_current_object()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    template = app.jinja_env.get_or_select_template(template_name_or_list)
+    return _stream(app, template, context)
+
+
+def stream_template_string(source: str, **context: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    """Render a template from the given source string with the given
+    context as a stream. This returns an iterator of strings, which can
+    be used as a streaming response from a view.
+
+    :param source: The source code of the template to render.
+    :param context: The variables to make available in the template.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    app = current_app._get_current_object()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    template = app.jinja_env.from_string(source)
+    return _stream(app, template, context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..602b773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from copy import copy
+from types import TracebackType
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+import werkzeug.test
+from click.testing import CliRunner
+from werkzeug.test import Client
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as BaseRequest
+
+from .cli import ScriptInfo
+from .sessions import SessionMixin
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+    from werkzeug.test import TestResponse
+
+    from .app import Flask
+
+
+class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
+    """An :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`, that takes defaults from the
+    application.
+
+    :param app: The Flask application to configure the environment from.
+    :param path: URL path being requested.
+    :param base_url: Base URL where the app is being served, which
+        ``path`` is relative to. If not given, built from
+        :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`, ``subdomain``,
+        :data:`SERVER_NAME`, and :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT`.
+    :param subdomain: Subdomain name to append to :data:`SERVER_NAME`.
+    :param url_scheme: Scheme to use instead of
+        :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`.
+    :param json: If given, this is serialized as JSON and passed as
+        ``data``. Also defaults ``content_type`` to
+        ``application/json``.
+    :param args: other positional arguments passed to
+        :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
+    :param kwargs: other keyword arguments passed to
+        :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: Flask,
+        path: str = "/",
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str | None = None,
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert not (base_url or subdomain or url_scheme) or (
+            base_url is not None
+        ) != bool(
+            subdomain or url_scheme
+        ), 'Cannot pass "subdomain" or "url_scheme" with "base_url".'
+
+        if base_url is None:
+            http_host = app.config.get("SERVER_NAME") or "localhost"
+            app_root = app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]
+
+            if subdomain:
+                http_host = f"{subdomain}.{http_host}"
+
+            if url_scheme is None:
+                url_scheme = app.config["PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME"]
+
+            url = urlsplit(path)
+            base_url = (
+                f"{url.scheme or url_scheme}://{url.netloc or http_host}"
+                f"/{app_root.lstrip('/')}"
+            )
+            path = url.path
+
+            if url.query:
+                path = f"{path}?{url.query}"
+
+        self.app = app
+        super().__init__(path, base_url, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def json_dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string.
+
+        The serialization will be configured according to the config associated
+        with this EnvironBuilder's ``app``.
+        """
+        return self.app.json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+
+
+_werkzeug_version = ""
+
+
+def _get_werkzeug_version() -> str:
+    global _werkzeug_version
+
+    if not _werkzeug_version:
+        _werkzeug_version = importlib.metadata.version("werkzeug")
+
+    return _werkzeug_version
+
+
+class FlaskClient(Client):
+    """Works like a regular Werkzeug test client but has knowledge about
+    Flask's contexts to defer the cleanup of the request context until
+    the end of a ``with`` block. For general information about how to
+    use this class refer to :class:`werkzeug.test.Client`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.12
+       `app.test_client()` includes preset default environment, which can be
+       set after instantiation of the `app.test_client()` object in
+       `client.environ_base`.
+
+    Basic usage is outlined in the :doc:`/testing` chapter.
+    """
+
+    application: Flask
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.preserve_context = False
+        self._new_contexts: list[t.ContextManager[t.Any]] = []
+        self._context_stack = ExitStack()
+        self.environ_base = {
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": "127.0.0.1",
+            "HTTP_USER_AGENT": f"Werkzeug/{_get_werkzeug_version()}",
+        }
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def session_transaction(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Iterator[SessionMixin]:
+        """When used in combination with a ``with`` statement this opens a
+        session transaction.  This can be used to modify the session that
+        the test client uses.  Once the ``with`` block is left the session is
+        stored back.
+
+        ::
+
+            with client.session_transaction() as session:
+                session['value'] = 42
+
+        Internally this is implemented by going through a temporary test
+        request context and since session handling could depend on
+        request variables this function accepts the same arguments as
+        :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` which are directly
+        passed through.
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cookies are disabled. Create a client with 'use_cookies=True'."
+            )
+
+        app = self.application
+        ctx = app.test_request_context(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._add_cookies_to_wsgi(ctx.request.environ)
+
+        with ctx:
+            sess = app.session_interface.open_session(app, ctx.request)
+
+        if sess is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("Session backend did not open a session.")
+
+        yield sess
+        resp = app.response_class()
+
+        if app.session_interface.is_null_session(sess):
+            return
+
+        with ctx:
+            app.session_interface.save_session(app, sess, resp)
+
+        self._update_cookies_from_response(
+            ctx.request.host.partition(":")[0],
+            ctx.request.path,
+            resp.headers.getlist("Set-Cookie"),
+        )
+
+    def _copy_environ(self, other: WSGIEnvironment) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+        out = {**self.environ_base, **other}
+
+        if self.preserve_context:
+            out["werkzeug.debug.preserve_context"] = self._new_contexts.append
+
+        return out
+
+    def _request_from_builder_args(
+        self, args: tuple[t.Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> BaseRequest:
+        kwargs["environ_base"] = self._copy_environ(kwargs.get("environ_base", {}))
+        builder = EnvironBuilder(self.application, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        try:
+            return builder.get_request()
+        finally:
+            builder.close()
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        *args: t.Any,
+        buffered: bool = False,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> TestResponse:
+        if args and isinstance(
+            args[0], (werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder, dict, BaseRequest)
+        ):
+            if isinstance(args[0], werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
+                builder = copy(args[0])
+                builder.environ_base = self._copy_environ(builder.environ_base or {})  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                request = builder.get_request()
+            elif isinstance(args[0], dict):
+                request = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(
+                    args[0], app=self.application, environ_base=self._copy_environ({})
+                ).get_request()
+            else:
+                # isinstance(args[0], BaseRequest)
+                request = copy(args[0])
+                request.environ = self._copy_environ(request.environ)
+        else:
+            # request is None
+            request = self._request_from_builder_args(args, kwargs)
+
+        # Pop any previously preserved contexts. This prevents contexts
+        # from being preserved across redirects or multiple requests
+        # within a single block.
+        self._context_stack.close()
+
+        response = super().open(
+            request,
+            buffered=buffered,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        )
+        response.json_module = self.application.json  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # Re-push contexts that were preserved during the request.
+        while self._new_contexts:
+            cm = self._new_contexts.pop()
+            self._context_stack.enter_context(cm)
+
+        return response
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> FlaskClient:
+        if self.preserve_context:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot nest client invocations")
+        self.preserve_context = True
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.preserve_context = False
+        self._context_stack.close()
+
+
+class FlaskCliRunner(CliRunner):
+    """A :class:`~click.testing.CliRunner` for testing a Flask app's
+    CLI commands. Typically created using
+    :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_cli_runner`. See :ref:`testing-cli`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: Flask, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def invoke(  # type: ignore
+        self, cli: t.Any = None, args: t.Any = None, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Invokes a CLI command in an isolated environment. See
+        :meth:`CliRunner.invoke <click.testing.CliRunner.invoke>` for
+        full method documentation. See :ref:`testing-cli` for examples.
+
+        If the ``obj`` argument is not given, passes an instance of
+        :class:`~flask.cli.ScriptInfo` that knows how to load the Flask
+        app being tested.
+
+        :param cli: Command object to invoke. Default is the app's
+            :attr:`~flask.app.Flask.cli` group.
+        :param args: List of strings to invoke the command with.
+
+        :return: a :class:`~click.testing.Result` object.
+        """
+        if cli is None:
+            cli = self.app.cli
+
+        if "obj" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["obj"] = ScriptInfo(create_app=lambda: self.app)
+
+        return super().invoke(cli, args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/typing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7234e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication  # noqa: F401
+    from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers  # noqa: F401
+    from werkzeug.sansio.response import Response  # noqa: F401
+
+# The possible types that are directly convertible or are a Response object.
+ResponseValue = t.Union[
+    "Response",
+    str,
+    bytes,
+    list[t.Any],
+    # Only dict is actually accepted, but Mapping allows for TypedDict.
+    t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+    t.Iterator[str],
+    t.Iterator[bytes],
+]
+
+# the possible types for an individual HTTP header
+# This should be a Union, but mypy doesn't pass unless it's a TypeVar.
+HeaderValue = t.Union[str, list[str], tuple[str, ...]]
+
+# the possible types for HTTP headers
+HeadersValue = t.Union[
+    "Headers",
+    t.Mapping[str, HeaderValue],
+    t.Sequence[tuple[str, HeaderValue]],
+]
+
+# The possible types returned by a route function.
+ResponseReturnValue = t.Union[
+    ResponseValue,
+    tuple[ResponseValue, HeadersValue],
+    tuple[ResponseValue, int],
+    tuple[ResponseValue, int, HeadersValue],
+    "WSGIApplication",
+]
+
+# Allow any subclass of werkzeug.Response, such as the one from Flask,
+# as a callback argument. Using werkzeug.Response directly makes a
+# callback annotated with flask.Response fail type checking.
+ResponseClass = t.TypeVar("ResponseClass", bound="Response")
+
+AppOrBlueprintKey = t.Optional[str]  # The App key is None, whereas blueprints are named
+AfterRequestCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[ResponseClass], ResponseClass],
+    t.Callable[[ResponseClass], t.Awaitable[ResponseClass]],
+]
+BeforeFirstRequestCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[], None], t.Callable[[], t.Awaitable[None]]
+]
+BeforeRequestCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[], t.Optional[ResponseReturnValue]],
+    t.Callable[[], t.Awaitable[t.Optional[ResponseReturnValue]]],
+]
+ShellContextProcessorCallable = t.Callable[[], dict[str, t.Any]]
+TeardownCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[t.Optional[BaseException]], None],
+    t.Callable[[t.Optional[BaseException]], t.Awaitable[None]],
+]
+TemplateContextProcessorCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[], dict[str, t.Any]],
+    t.Callable[[], t.Awaitable[dict[str, t.Any]]],
+]
+TemplateFilterCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+TemplateGlobalCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+TemplateTestCallable = t.Callable[..., bool]
+URLDefaultCallable = t.Callable[[str, dict[str, t.Any]], None]
+URLValuePreprocessorCallable = t.Callable[
+    [t.Optional[str], t.Optional[dict[str, t.Any]]], None
+]
+
+# This should take Exception, but that either breaks typing the argument
+# with a specific exception, or decorating multiple times with different
+# exceptions (and using a union type on the argument).
+# https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues/4095
+# https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues/4295
+# https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues/4297
+ErrorHandlerCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[[t.Any], ResponseReturnValue],
+    t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Awaitable[ResponseReturnValue]],
+]
+
+RouteCallable = t.Union[
+    t.Callable[..., ResponseReturnValue],
+    t.Callable[..., t.Awaitable[ResponseReturnValue]],
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/views.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/views.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53fe976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/views.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from . import typing as ft
+from .globals import current_app
+from .globals import request
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+http_method_funcs = frozenset(
+    ["get", "post", "head", "options", "delete", "put", "trace", "patch"]
+)
+
+
+class View:
+    """Subclass this class and override :meth:`dispatch_request` to
+    create a generic class-based view. Call :meth:`as_view` to create a
+    view function that creates an instance of the class with the given
+    arguments and calls its ``dispatch_request`` method with any URL
+    variables.
+
+    See :doc:`views` for a detailed guide.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        class Hello(View):
+            init_every_request = False
+
+            def dispatch_request(self, name):
+                return f"Hello, {name}!"
+
+        app.add_url_rule(
+            "/hello/<name>", view_func=Hello.as_view("hello")
+        )
+
+    Set :attr:`methods` on the class to change what methods the view
+    accepts.
+
+    Set :attr:`decorators` on the class to apply a list of decorators to
+    the generated view function. Decorators applied to the class itself
+    will not be applied to the generated view function!
+
+    Set :attr:`init_every_request` to ``False`` for efficiency, unless
+    you need to store request-global data on ``self``.
+    """
+
+    #: The methods this view is registered for. Uses the same default
+    #: (``["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"]``) as ``route`` and
+    #: ``add_url_rule`` by default.
+    methods: t.ClassVar[t.Collection[str] | None] = None
+
+    #: Control whether the ``OPTIONS`` method is handled automatically.
+    #: Uses the same default (``True``) as ``route`` and
+    #: ``add_url_rule`` by default.
+    provide_automatic_options: t.ClassVar[bool | None] = None
+
+    #: A list of decorators to apply, in order, to the generated view
+    #: function. Remember that ``@decorator`` syntax is applied bottom
+    #: to top, so the first decorator in the list would be the bottom
+    #: decorator.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    decorators: t.ClassVar[list[t.Callable[..., t.Any]]] = []
+
+    #: Create a new instance of this view class for every request by
+    #: default. If a view subclass sets this to ``False``, the same
+    #: instance is used for every request.
+    #:
+    #: A single instance is more efficient, especially if complex setup
+    #: is done during init. However, storing data on ``self`` is no
+    #: longer safe across requests, and :data:`~flask.g` should be used
+    #: instead.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    init_every_request: t.ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+    def dispatch_request(self) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+        """The actual view function behavior. Subclasses must override
+        this and return a valid response. Any variables from the URL
+        rule are passed as keyword arguments.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def as_view(
+        cls, name: str, *class_args: t.Any, **class_kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> ft.RouteCallable:
+        """Convert the class into a view function that can be registered
+        for a route.
+
+        By default, the generated view will create a new instance of the
+        view class for every request and call its
+        :meth:`dispatch_request` method. If the view class sets
+        :attr:`init_every_request` to ``False``, the same instance will
+        be used for every request.
+
+        Except for ``name``, all other arguments passed to this method
+        are forwarded to the view class ``__init__`` method.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+            Added the ``init_every_request`` class attribute.
+        """
+        if cls.init_every_request:
+
+            def view(**kwargs: t.Any) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+                self = view.view_class(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                    *class_args, **class_kwargs
+                )
+                return current_app.ensure_sync(self.dispatch_request)(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        else:
+            self = cls(*class_args, **class_kwargs)  # pyright: ignore
+
+            def view(**kwargs: t.Any) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+                return current_app.ensure_sync(self.dispatch_request)(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        if cls.decorators:
+            view.__name__ = name
+            view.__module__ = cls.__module__
+            for decorator in cls.decorators:
+                view = decorator(view)
+
+        # We attach the view class to the view function for two reasons:
+        # first of all it allows us to easily figure out what class-based
+        # view this thing came from, secondly it's also used for instantiating
+        # the view class so you can actually replace it with something else
+        # for testing purposes and debugging.
+        view.view_class = cls  # type: ignore
+        view.__name__ = name
+        view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__
+        view.__module__ = cls.__module__
+        view.methods = cls.methods  # type: ignore
+        view.provide_automatic_options = cls.provide_automatic_options  # type: ignore
+        return view
+
+
+class MethodView(View):
+    """Dispatches request methods to the corresponding instance methods.
+    For example, if you implement a ``get`` method, it will be used to
+    handle ``GET`` requests.
+
+    This can be useful for defining a REST API.
+
+    :attr:`methods` is automatically set based on the methods defined on
+    the class.
+
+    See :doc:`views` for a detailed guide.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        class CounterAPI(MethodView):
+            def get(self):
+                return str(session.get("counter", 0))
+
+            def post(self):
+                session["counter"] = session.get("counter", 0) + 1
+                return redirect(url_for("counter"))
+
+        app.add_url_rule(
+            "/counter", view_func=CounterAPI.as_view("counter")
+        )
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+        if "methods" not in cls.__dict__:
+            methods = set()
+
+            for base in cls.__bases__:
+                if getattr(base, "methods", None):
+                    methods.update(base.methods)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+            for key in http_method_funcs:
+                if hasattr(cls, key):
+                    methods.add(key.upper())
+
+            if methods:
+                cls.methods = methods
+
+    def dispatch_request(self, **kwargs: t.Any) -> ft.ResponseReturnValue:
+        meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None)
+
+        # If the request method is HEAD and we don't have a handler for it
+        # retry with GET.
+        if meth is None and request.method == "HEAD":
+            meth = getattr(self, "get", None)
+
+        assert meth is not None, f"Unimplemented method {request.method!r}"
+        return current_app.ensure_sync(meth)(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/wrappers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/wrappers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bab6102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/flask/wrappers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
+from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as RequestBase
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as ResponseBase
+
+from . import json
+from .globals import current_app
+from .helpers import _split_blueprint_path
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from werkzeug.routing import Rule
+
+
+class Request(RequestBase):
+    """The request object used by default in Flask.  Remembers the
+    matched endpoint and view arguments.
+
+    It is what ends up as :class:`~flask.request`.  If you want to replace
+    the request object used you can subclass this and set
+    :attr:`~flask.Flask.request_class` to your subclass.
+
+    The request object is a :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Request` subclass and
+    provides all of the attributes Werkzeug defines plus a few Flask
+    specific ones.
+    """
+
+    json_module: t.Any = json
+
+    #: The internal URL rule that matched the request.  This can be
+    #: useful to inspect which methods are allowed for the URL from
+    #: a before/after handler (``request.url_rule.methods``) etc.
+    #: Though if the request's method was invalid for the URL rule,
+    #: the valid list is available in ``routing_exception.valid_methods``
+    #: instead (an attribute of the Werkzeug exception
+    #: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.MethodNotAllowed`)
+    #: because the request was never internally bound.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    url_rule: Rule | None = None
+
+    #: A dict of view arguments that matched the request.  If an exception
+    #: happened when matching, this will be ``None``.
+    view_args: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None
+
+    #: If matching the URL failed, this is the exception that will be
+    #: raised / was raised as part of the request handling.  This is
+    #: usually a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` exception or
+    #: something similar.
+    routing_exception: HTTPException | None = None
+
+    _max_content_length: int | None = None
+    _max_form_memory_size: int | None = None
+    _max_form_parts: int | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def max_content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum number of bytes that will be read during this request. If
+        this limit is exceeded, a 413 :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge`
+        error is raised. If it is set to ``None``, no limit is enforced at the
+        Flask application level. However, if it is ``None`` and the request has
+        no ``Content-Length`` header and the WSGI server does not indicate that
+        it terminates the stream, then no data is read to avoid an infinite
+        stream.
+
+        Each request defaults to the :data:`MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH` config, which
+        defaults to ``None``. It can be set on a specific ``request`` to apply
+        the limit to that specific view. This should be set appropriately based
+        on an application's or view's specific needs.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            This can be set per-request.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+            This is configurable through Flask config.
+        """
+        if self._max_content_length is not None:
+            return self._max_content_length
+
+        if not current_app:
+            return super().max_content_length
+
+        return current_app.config["MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    @max_content_length.setter
+    def max_content_length(self, value: int | None) -> None:
+        self._max_content_length = value
+
+    @property
+    def max_form_memory_size(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum size in bytes any non-file form field may be in a
+        ``multipart/form-data`` body. If this limit is exceeded, a 413
+        :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` error is raised. If it
+        is set to ``None``, no limit is enforced at the Flask application level.
+
+        Each request defaults to the :data:`MAX_FORM_MEMORY_SIZE` config, which
+        defaults to ``500_000``. It can be set on a specific ``request`` to
+        apply the limit to that specific view. This should be set appropriately
+        based on an application's or view's specific needs.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            This is configurable through Flask config.
+        """
+        if self._max_form_memory_size is not None:
+            return self._max_form_memory_size
+
+        if not current_app:
+            return super().max_form_memory_size
+
+        return current_app.config["MAX_FORM_MEMORY_SIZE"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    @max_form_memory_size.setter
+    def max_form_memory_size(self, value: int | None) -> None:
+        self._max_form_memory_size = value
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[override]
+    def max_form_parts(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum number of fields that may be present in a
+        ``multipart/form-data`` body. If this limit is exceeded, a 413
+        :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` error is raised. If it
+        is set to ``None``, no limit is enforced at the Flask application level.
+
+        Each request defaults to the :data:`MAX_FORM_PARTS` config, which
+        defaults to ``1_000``. It can be set on a specific ``request`` to apply
+        the limit to that specific view. This should be set appropriately based
+        on an application's or view's specific needs.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            This is configurable through Flask config.
+        """
+        if self._max_form_parts is not None:
+            return self._max_form_parts
+
+        if not current_app:
+            return super().max_form_parts
+
+        return current_app.config["MAX_FORM_PARTS"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    @max_form_parts.setter
+    def max_form_parts(self, value: int | None) -> None:
+        self._max_form_parts = value
+
+    @property
+    def endpoint(self) -> str | None:
+        """The endpoint that matched the request URL.
+
+        This will be ``None`` if matching failed or has not been
+        performed yet.
+
+        This in combination with :attr:`view_args` can be used to
+        reconstruct the same URL or a modified URL.
+        """
+        if self.url_rule is not None:
+            return self.url_rule.endpoint  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def blueprint(self) -> str | None:
+        """The registered name of the current blueprint.
+
+        This will be ``None`` if the endpoint is not part of a
+        blueprint, or if URL matching failed or has not been performed
+        yet.
+
+        This does not necessarily match the name the blueprint was
+        created with. It may have been nested, or registered with a
+        different name.
+        """
+        endpoint = self.endpoint
+
+        if endpoint is not None and "." in endpoint:
+            return endpoint.rpartition(".")[0]
+
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def blueprints(self) -> list[str]:
+        """The registered names of the current blueprint upwards through
+        parent blueprints.
+
+        This will be an empty list if there is no current blueprint, or
+        if URL matching failed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0.1
+        """
+        name = self.blueprint
+
+        if name is None:
+            return []
+
+        return _split_blueprint_path(name)
+
+    def _load_form_data(self) -> None:
+        super()._load_form_data()
+
+        # In debug mode we're replacing the files multidict with an ad-hoc
+        # subclass that raises a different error for key errors.
+        if (
+            current_app
+            and current_app.debug
+            and self.mimetype != "multipart/form-data"
+            and not self.files
+        ):
+            from .debughelpers import attach_enctype_error_multidict
+
+            attach_enctype_error_multidict(self)
+
+    def on_json_loading_failed(self, e: ValueError | None) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            return super().on_json_loading_failed(e)
+        except BadRequest as ebr:
+            if current_app and current_app.debug:
+                raise
+
+            raise BadRequest() from ebr
+
+
+class Response(ResponseBase):
+    """The response object that is used by default in Flask.  Works like the
+    response object from Werkzeug but is set to have an HTML mimetype by
+    default.  Quite often you don't have to create this object yourself because
+    :meth:`~flask.Flask.make_response` will take care of that for you.
+
+    If you want to replace the response object used you can subclass this and
+    set :attr:`~flask.Flask.response_class` to your subclass.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        JSON support is added to the response, like the request. This is useful
+        when testing to get the test client response data as JSON.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+
+        Added :attr:`max_cookie_size`.
+    """
+
+    default_mimetype: str | None = "text/html"
+
+    json_module = json
+
+    autocorrect_location_header = False
+
+    @property
+    def max_cookie_size(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        """Read-only view of the :data:`MAX_COOKIE_SIZE` config key.
+
+        See :attr:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response.max_cookie_size` in
+        Werkzeug's docs.
+        """
+        if current_app:
+            return current_app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        # return Werkzeug's default when not in an app context
+        return super().max_cookie_size
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b190ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2011 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddf5464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: itsdangerous
+Version: 2.2.0
+Summary: Safely pass data to untrusted environments and back.
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Project-URL: Changes, https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous/
+
+# ItsDangerous
+
+... so better sign this
+
+Various helpers to pass data to untrusted environments and to get it
+back safe and sound. Data is cryptographically signed to ensure that a
+token has not been tampered with.
+
+It's possible to customize how data is serialized. Data is compressed as
+needed. A timestamp can be added and verified automatically while
+loading a token.
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+Here's how you could generate a token for transmitting a user's id and
+name between web requests.
+
+```python
+from itsdangerous import URLSafeSerializer
+auth_s = URLSafeSerializer("secret key", "auth")
+token = auth_s.dumps({"id": 5, "name": "itsdangerous"})
+
+print(token)
+# eyJpZCI6NSwibmFtZSI6Iml0c2Rhbmdlcm91cyJ9.6YP6T0BaO67XP--9UzTrmurXSmg
+
+data = auth_s.loads(token)
+print(data["name"])
+# itsdangerous
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports ItsDangerous and other
+popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and
+users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects,
+[please donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1a9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt,sha256=Y68JiRtr6K0aQlLtQ68PTvun_JSOIoNnvtfzxa4LCdc,1475
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=0rk0-1ZwihuU5DnwJVwPWoEI4yWOyCexih3JyZHblhE,1924
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=EZbGkh7Ie4PoZfRQ8I0ZuP9VklN_TvcZ6DSE5Uar4z4,81
+itsdangerous/__init__.py,sha256=4SK75sCe29xbRgQE1ZQtMHnKUuZYAf3bSpZOrff1IAY,1427
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/_json.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/encoding.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/exc.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/serializer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/signer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/timed.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/__pycache__/url_safe.cpython-312.pyc,,
+itsdangerous/_json.py,sha256=wPQGmge2yZ9328EHKF6gadGeyGYCJQKxtU-iLKE6UnA,473
+itsdangerous/encoding.py,sha256=wwTz5q_3zLcaAdunk6_vSoStwGqYWe307Zl_U87aRFM,1409
+itsdangerous/exc.py,sha256=Rr3exo0MRFEcPZltwecyK16VV1bE2K9_F1-d-ljcUn4,3201
+itsdangerous/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+itsdangerous/serializer.py,sha256=PmdwADLqkSyQLZ0jOKAgDsAW4k_H0TlA71Ei3z0C5aI,15601
+itsdangerous/signer.py,sha256=YO0CV7NBvHA6j549REHJFUjUojw2pHqwcUpQnU7yNYQ,9647
+itsdangerous/timed.py,sha256=6RvDMqNumGMxf0-HlpaZdN9PUQQmRvrQGplKhxuivUs,8083
+itsdangerous/url_safe.py,sha256=az4e5fXi_vs-YbWj8YZwn4wiVKfeD--GEKRT5Ueu4P4,2505
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b5e64b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous-2.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.9.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea55256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from .encoding import base64_decode as base64_decode
+from .encoding import base64_encode as base64_encode
+from .encoding import want_bytes as want_bytes
+from .exc import BadData as BadData
+from .exc import BadHeader as BadHeader
+from .exc import BadPayload as BadPayload
+from .exc import BadSignature as BadSignature
+from .exc import BadTimeSignature as BadTimeSignature
+from .exc import SignatureExpired as SignatureExpired
+from .serializer import Serializer as Serializer
+from .signer import HMACAlgorithm as HMACAlgorithm
+from .signer import NoneAlgorithm as NoneAlgorithm
+from .signer import Signer as Signer
+from .timed import TimedSerializer as TimedSerializer
+from .timed import TimestampSigner as TimestampSigner
+from .url_safe import URLSafeSerializer as URLSafeSerializer
+from .url_safe import URLSafeTimedSerializer as URLSafeTimedSerializer
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> t.Any:
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " ItsDangerous 2.3. Use feature detection or"
+            " 'importlib.metadata.version(\"itsdangerous\")' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("itsdangerous")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/__pycache__/url_safe.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/__pycache__/url_safe.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/_json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/_json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc23fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json as _json
+import typing as t
+
+
+class _CompactJSON:
+    """Wrapper around json module that strips whitespace."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def loads(payload: str | bytes) -> t.Any:
+        return _json.loads(payload)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dumps(obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", False)
+        kwargs.setdefault("separators", (",", ":"))
+        return _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/encoding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5ca80f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import string
+import struct
+import typing as t
+
+from .exc import BadData
+
+
+def want_bytes(
+    s: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8", errors: str = "strict"
+) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        s = s.encode(encoding, errors)
+
+    return s
+
+
+def base64_encode(string: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+    """Base64 encode a string of bytes or text. The resulting bytes are
+    safe to use in URLs.
+    """
+    string = want_bytes(string)
+    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(string).rstrip(b"=")
+
+
+def base64_decode(string: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+    """Base64 decode a URL-safe string of bytes or text. The result is
+    bytes.
+    """
+    string = want_bytes(string, encoding="ascii", errors="ignore")
+    string += b"=" * (-len(string) % 4)
+
+    try:
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(string)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+        raise BadData("Invalid base64-encoded data") from e
+
+
+# The alphabet used by base64.urlsafe_*
+_base64_alphabet = f"{string.ascii_letters}{string.digits}-_=".encode("ascii")
+
+_int64_struct = struct.Struct(">Q")
+_int_to_bytes = _int64_struct.pack
+_bytes_to_int = t.cast("t.Callable[[bytes], tuple[int]]", _int64_struct.unpack)
+
+
+def int_to_bytes(num: int) -> bytes:
+    return _int_to_bytes(num).lstrip(b"\x00")
+
+
+def bytes_to_int(bytestr: bytes) -> int:
+    return _bytes_to_int(bytestr.rjust(8, b"\x00"))[0]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/exc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/exc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75adcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/exc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class BadData(Exception):
+    """Raised if bad data of any sort was encountered. This is the base
+    for all exceptions that ItsDangerous defines.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+
+class BadSignature(BadData):
+    """Raised if a signature does not match."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, payload: t.Any | None = None):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+        #: The payload that failed the signature test. In some
+        #: situations you might still want to inspect this, even if
+        #: you know it was tampered with.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.14
+        self.payload: t.Any | None = payload
+
+
+class BadTimeSignature(BadSignature):
+    """Raised if a time-based signature is invalid. This is a subclass
+    of :class:`BadSignature`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        payload: t.Any | None = None,
+        date_signed: datetime | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(message, payload)
+
+        #: If the signature expired this exposes the date of when the
+        #: signature was created. This can be helpful in order to
+        #: tell the user how long a link has been gone stale.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        #:     The datetime value is timezone-aware rather than naive.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 0.14
+        self.date_signed = date_signed
+
+
+class SignatureExpired(BadTimeSignature):
+    """Raised if a signature timestamp is older than ``max_age``. This
+    is a subclass of :exc:`BadTimeSignature`.
+    """
+
+
+class BadHeader(BadSignature):
+    """Raised if a signed header is invalid in some form. This only
+    happens for serializers that have a header that goes with the
+    signature.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.24
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        payload: t.Any | None = None,
+        header: t.Any | None = None,
+        original_error: Exception | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(message, payload)
+
+        #: If the header is actually available but just malformed it
+        #: might be stored here.
+        self.header: t.Any | None = header
+
+        #: If available, the error that indicates why the payload was
+        #: not valid. This might be ``None``.
+        self.original_error: Exception | None = original_error
+
+
+class BadPayload(BadData):
+    """Raised if a payload is invalid. This could happen if the payload
+    is loaded despite an invalid signature, or if there is a mismatch
+    between the serializer and deserializer. The original exception
+    that occurred during loading is stored on as :attr:`original_error`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, original_error: Exception | None = None):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+        #: If available, the error that indicates why the payload was
+        #: not valid. This might be ``None``.
+        self.original_error: Exception | None = original_error
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/serializer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/serializer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ddf387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/serializer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import json
+import typing as t
+
+from .encoding import want_bytes
+from .exc import BadPayload
+from .exc import BadSignature
+from .signer import _make_keys_list
+from .signer import Signer
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    # This should be either be str or bytes. To avoid having to specify the
+    # bound type, it falls back to a union if structural matching fails.
+    _TSerialized = te.TypeVar(
+        "_TSerialized", bound=t.Union[str, bytes], default=t.Union[str, bytes]
+    )
+else:
+    # Still available at runtime on Python < 3.13, but without the default.
+    _TSerialized = t.TypeVar("_TSerialized", bound=t.Union[str, bytes])
+
+
+class _PDataSerializer(t.Protocol[_TSerialized]):
+    def loads(self, payload: _TSerialized, /) -> t.Any: ...
+    # A signature with additional arguments is not handled correctly by type
+    # checkers right now, so an overload is used below for serializers that
+    # don't match this strict protocol.
+    def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, /) -> _TSerialized: ...
+
+
+# Use TypeIs once it's available in typing_extensions or 3.13.
+def is_text_serializer(
+    serializer: _PDataSerializer[t.Any],
+) -> te.TypeGuard[_PDataSerializer[str]]:
+    """Checks whether a serializer generates text or binary."""
+    return isinstance(serializer.dumps({}), str)
+
+
+class Serializer(t.Generic[_TSerialized]):
+    """A serializer wraps a :class:`~itsdangerous.signer.Signer` to
+    enable serializing and securely signing data other than bytes. It
+    can unsign to verify that the data hasn't been changed.
+
+    The serializer provides :meth:`dumps` and :meth:`loads`, similar to
+    :mod:`json`, and by default uses :mod:`json` internally to serialize
+    the data to bytes.
+
+    The secret key should be a random string of ``bytes`` and should not
+    be saved to code or version control. Different salts should be used
+    to distinguish signing in different contexts. See :doc:`/concepts`
+    for information about the security of the secret key and salt.
+
+    :param secret_key: The secret key to sign and verify with. Can be a
+        list of keys, oldest to newest, to support key rotation.
+    :param salt: Extra key to combine with ``secret_key`` to distinguish
+        signatures in different contexts.
+    :param serializer: An object that provides ``dumps`` and ``loads``
+        methods for serializing data to a string. Defaults to
+        :attr:`default_serializer`, which defaults to :mod:`json`.
+    :param serializer_kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass when calling
+        ``serializer.dumps``.
+    :param signer: A ``Signer`` class to instantiate when signing data.
+        Defaults to :attr:`default_signer`, which defaults to
+        :class:`~itsdangerous.signer.Signer`.
+    :param signer_kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass when instantiating
+        the ``Signer`` class.
+    :param fallback_signers: List of signer parameters to try when
+        unsigning with the default signer fails. Each item can be a dict
+        of ``signer_kwargs``, a ``Signer`` class, or a tuple of
+        ``(signer, signer_kwargs)``. Defaults to
+        :attr:`default_fallback_signers`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added support for key rotation by passing a list to
+        ``secret_key``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Removed the default SHA-512 fallback signer from
+        ``default_fallback_signers``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1
+        Added support for ``fallback_signers`` and configured a default
+        SHA-512 fallback. This fallback is for users who used the yanked
+        1.0.0 release which defaulted to SHA-512.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.14
+        The ``signer`` and ``signer_kwargs`` parameters were added to
+        the constructor.
+    """
+
+    #: The default serialization module to use to serialize data to a
+    #: string internally. The default is :mod:`json`, but can be changed
+    #: to any object that provides ``dumps`` and ``loads`` methods.
+    default_serializer: _PDataSerializer[t.Any] = json
+
+    #: The default ``Signer`` class to instantiate when signing data.
+    #: The default is :class:`itsdangerous.signer.Signer`.
+    default_signer: type[Signer] = Signer
+
+    #: The default fallback signers to try when unsigning fails.
+    default_fallback_signers: list[
+        dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+    ] = []
+
+    # Serializer[str] if no data serializer is provided, or if it returns str.
+    @t.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: Serializer[str],
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None = b"itsdangerous",
+        serializer: None | _PDataSerializer[str] = None,
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ): ...
+
+    # Serializer[bytes] with a bytes data serializer positional argument.
+    @t.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: Serializer[bytes],
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None,
+        serializer: _PDataSerializer[bytes],
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ): ...
+
+    # Serializer[bytes] with a bytes data serializer keyword argument.
+    @t.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: Serializer[bytes],
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None = b"itsdangerous",
+        *,
+        serializer: _PDataSerializer[bytes],
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ): ...
+
+    # Fall back with a positional argument. If the strict signature of
+    # _PDataSerializer doesn't match, fall back to a union, requiring the user
+    # to specify the type.
+    @t.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None,
+        serializer: t.Any,
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ): ...
+
+    # Fall back with a keyword argument.
+    @t.overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None = b"itsdangerous",
+        *,
+        serializer: t.Any,
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None = b"itsdangerous",
+        serializer: t.Any | None = None,
+        serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        signer: type[Signer] | None = None,
+        signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+    ):
+        #: The list of secret keys to try for verifying signatures, from
+        #: oldest to newest. The newest (last) key is used for signing.
+        #:
+        #: This allows a key rotation system to keep a list of allowed
+        #: keys and remove expired ones.
+        self.secret_keys: list[bytes] = _make_keys_list(secret_key)
+
+        if salt is not None:
+            salt = want_bytes(salt)
+            # if salt is None then the signer's default is used
+
+        self.salt = salt
+
+        if serializer is None:
+            serializer = self.default_serializer
+
+        self.serializer: _PDataSerializer[_TSerialized] = serializer
+        self.is_text_serializer: bool = is_text_serializer(serializer)
+
+        if signer is None:
+            signer = self.default_signer
+
+        self.signer: type[Signer] = signer
+        self.signer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] = signer_kwargs or {}
+
+        if fallback_signers is None:
+            fallback_signers = list(self.default_fallback_signers)
+
+        self.fallback_signers: list[
+            dict[str, t.Any] | tuple[type[Signer], dict[str, t.Any]] | type[Signer]
+        ] = fallback_signers
+        self.serializer_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] = serializer_kwargs or {}
+
+    @property
+    def secret_key(self) -> bytes:
+        """The newest (last) entry in the :attr:`secret_keys` list. This
+        is for compatibility from before key rotation support was added.
+        """
+        return self.secret_keys[-1]
+
+    def load_payload(
+        self, payload: bytes, serializer: _PDataSerializer[t.Any] | None = None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Loads the encoded object. This function raises
+        :class:`.BadPayload` if the payload is not valid. The
+        ``serializer`` parameter can be used to override the serializer
+        stored on the class. The encoded ``payload`` should always be
+        bytes.
+        """
+        if serializer is None:
+            use_serializer = self.serializer
+            is_text = self.is_text_serializer
+        else:
+            use_serializer = serializer
+            is_text = is_text_serializer(serializer)
+
+        try:
+            if is_text:
+                return use_serializer.loads(payload.decode("utf-8"))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            return use_serializer.loads(payload)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise BadPayload(
+                "Could not load the payload because an exception"
+                " occurred on unserializing the data.",
+                original_error=e,
+            ) from e
+
+    def dump_payload(self, obj: t.Any) -> bytes:
+        """Dumps the encoded object. The return value is always bytes.
+        If the internal serializer returns text, the value will be
+        encoded as UTF-8.
+        """
+        return want_bytes(self.serializer.dumps(obj, **self.serializer_kwargs))
+
+    def make_signer(self, salt: str | bytes | None = None) -> Signer:
+        """Creates a new instance of the signer to be used. The default
+        implementation uses the :class:`.Signer` base class.
+        """
+        if salt is None:
+            salt = self.salt
+
+        return self.signer(self.secret_keys, salt=salt, **self.signer_kwargs)
+
+    def iter_unsigners(self, salt: str | bytes | None = None) -> cabc.Iterator[Signer]:
+        """Iterates over all signers to be tried for unsigning. Starts
+        with the configured signer, then constructs each signer
+        specified in ``fallback_signers``.
+        """
+        if salt is None:
+            salt = self.salt
+
+        yield self.make_signer(salt)
+
+        for fallback in self.fallback_signers:
+            if isinstance(fallback, dict):
+                kwargs = fallback
+                fallback = self.signer
+            elif isinstance(fallback, tuple):
+                fallback, kwargs = fallback
+            else:
+                kwargs = self.signer_kwargs
+
+            for secret_key in self.secret_keys:
+                yield fallback(secret_key, salt=salt, **kwargs)
+
+    def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, salt: str | bytes | None = None) -> _TSerialized:
+        """Returns a signed string serialized with the internal
+        serializer. The return value can be either a byte or unicode
+        string depending on the format of the internal serializer.
+        """
+        payload = want_bytes(self.dump_payload(obj))
+        rv = self.make_signer(salt).sign(payload)
+
+        if self.is_text_serializer:
+            return rv.decode("utf-8")  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def dump(self, obj: t.Any, f: t.IO[t.Any], salt: str | bytes | None = None) -> None:
+        """Like :meth:`dumps` but dumps into a file. The file handle has
+        to be compatible with what the internal serializer expects.
+        """
+        f.write(self.dumps(obj, salt))
+
+    def loads(
+        self, s: str | bytes, salt: str | bytes | None = None, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Reverse of :meth:`dumps`. Raises :exc:`.BadSignature` if the
+        signature validation fails.
+        """
+        s = want_bytes(s)
+        last_exception = None
+
+        for signer in self.iter_unsigners(salt):
+            try:
+                return self.load_payload(signer.unsign(s))
+            except BadSignature as err:
+                last_exception = err
+
+        raise t.cast(BadSignature, last_exception)
+
+    def load(self, f: t.IO[t.Any], salt: str | bytes | None = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Like :meth:`loads` but loads from a file."""
+        return self.loads(f.read(), salt)
+
+    def loads_unsafe(
+        self, s: str | bytes, salt: str | bytes | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[bool, t.Any]:
+        """Like :meth:`loads` but without verifying the signature. This
+        is potentially very dangerous to use depending on how your
+        serializer works. The return value is ``(signature_valid,
+        payload)`` instead of just the payload. The first item will be a
+        boolean that indicates if the signature is valid. This function
+        never fails.
+
+        Use it for debugging only and if you know that your serializer
+        module is not exploitable (for example, do not use it with a
+        pickle serializer).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        """
+        return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt)
+
+    def _loads_unsafe_impl(
+        self,
+        s: str | bytes,
+        salt: str | bytes | None,
+        load_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        load_payload_kwargs: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, t.Any]:
+        """Low level helper function to implement :meth:`loads_unsafe`
+        in serializer subclasses.
+        """
+        if load_kwargs is None:
+            load_kwargs = {}
+
+        try:
+            return True, self.loads(s, salt=salt, **load_kwargs)
+        except BadSignature as e:
+            if e.payload is None:
+                return False, None
+
+            if load_payload_kwargs is None:
+                load_payload_kwargs = {}
+
+            try:
+                return (
+                    False,
+                    self.load_payload(e.payload, **load_payload_kwargs),
+                )
+            except BadPayload:
+                return False, None
+
+    def load_unsafe(
+        self, f: t.IO[t.Any], salt: str | bytes | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[bool, t.Any]:
+        """Like :meth:`loads_unsafe` but loads from a file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        """
+        return self.loads_unsafe(f.read(), salt=salt)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/signer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/signer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e324dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/signer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import typing as t
+
+from .encoding import _base64_alphabet
+from .encoding import base64_decode
+from .encoding import base64_encode
+from .encoding import want_bytes
+from .exc import BadSignature
+
+
+class SigningAlgorithm:
+    """Subclasses must implement :meth:`get_signature` to provide
+    signature generation functionality.
+    """
+
+    def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Returns the signature for the given key and value."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def verify_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+        """Verifies the given signature matches the expected
+        signature.
+        """
+        return hmac.compare_digest(sig, self.get_signature(key, value))
+
+
+class NoneAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
+    """Provides an algorithm that does not perform any signing and
+    returns an empty signature.
+    """
+
+    def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+
+def _lazy_sha1(string: bytes = b"") -> t.Any:
+    """Don't access ``hashlib.sha1`` until runtime. FIPS builds may not include
+    SHA-1, in which case the import and use as a default would fail before the
+    developer can configure something else.
+    """
+    return hashlib.sha1(string)
+
+
+class HMACAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
+    """Provides signature generation using HMACs."""
+
+    #: The digest method to use with the MAC algorithm. This defaults to
+    #: SHA1, but can be changed to any other function in the hashlib
+    #: module.
+    default_digest_method: t.Any = staticmethod(_lazy_sha1)
+
+    def __init__(self, digest_method: t.Any = None):
+        if digest_method is None:
+            digest_method = self.default_digest_method
+
+        self.digest_method: t.Any = digest_method
+
+    def get_signature(self, key: bytes, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        mac = hmac.new(key, msg=value, digestmod=self.digest_method)
+        return mac.digest()
+
+
+def _make_keys_list(
+    secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+) -> list[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(secret_key, (str, bytes)):
+        return [want_bytes(secret_key)]
+
+    return [want_bytes(s) for s in secret_key]  # pyright: ignore
+
+
+class Signer:
+    """A signer securely signs bytes, then unsigns them to verify that
+    the value hasn't been changed.
+
+    The secret key should be a random string of ``bytes`` and should not
+    be saved to code or version control. Different salts should be used
+    to distinguish signing in different contexts. See :doc:`/concepts`
+    for information about the security of the secret key and salt.
+
+    :param secret_key: The secret key to sign and verify with. Can be a
+        list of keys, oldest to newest, to support key rotation.
+    :param salt: Extra key to combine with ``secret_key`` to distinguish
+        signatures in different contexts.
+    :param sep: Separator between the signature and value.
+    :param key_derivation: How to derive the signing key from the secret
+        key and salt. Possible values are ``concat``, ``django-concat``,
+        or ``hmac``. Defaults to :attr:`default_key_derivation`, which
+        defaults to ``django-concat``.
+    :param digest_method: Hash function to use when generating the HMAC
+        signature. Defaults to :attr:`default_digest_method`, which
+        defaults to :func:`hashlib.sha1`. Note that the security of the
+        hash alone doesn't apply when used intermediately in HMAC.
+    :param algorithm: A :class:`SigningAlgorithm` instance to use
+        instead of building a default :class:`HMACAlgorithm` with the
+        ``digest_method``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added support for key rotation by passing a list to
+        ``secret_key``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.18
+        ``algorithm`` was added as an argument to the class constructor.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.14
+        ``key_derivation`` and ``digest_method`` were added as arguments
+        to the class constructor.
+    """
+
+    #: The default digest method to use for the signer. The default is
+    #: :func:`hashlib.sha1`, but can be changed to any :mod:`hashlib` or
+    #: compatible object. Note that the security of the hash alone
+    #: doesn't apply when used intermediately in HMAC.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.14
+    default_digest_method: t.Any = staticmethod(_lazy_sha1)
+
+    #: The default scheme to use to derive the signing key from the
+    #: secret key and salt. The default is ``django-concat``. Possible
+    #: values are ``concat``, ``django-concat``, and ``hmac``.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.14
+    default_key_derivation: str = "django-concat"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        secret_key: str | bytes | cabc.Iterable[str] | cabc.Iterable[bytes],
+        salt: str | bytes | None = b"itsdangerous.Signer",
+        sep: str | bytes = b".",
+        key_derivation: str | None = None,
+        digest_method: t.Any | None = None,
+        algorithm: SigningAlgorithm | None = None,
+    ):
+        #: The list of secret keys to try for verifying signatures, from
+        #: oldest to newest. The newest (last) key is used for signing.
+        #:
+        #: This allows a key rotation system to keep a list of allowed
+        #: keys and remove expired ones.
+        self.secret_keys: list[bytes] = _make_keys_list(secret_key)
+        self.sep: bytes = want_bytes(sep)
+
+        if self.sep in _base64_alphabet:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The given separator cannot be used because it may be"
+                " contained in the signature itself. ASCII letters,"
+                " digits, and '-_=' must not be used."
+            )
+
+        if salt is not None:
+            salt = want_bytes(salt)
+        else:
+            salt = b"itsdangerous.Signer"
+
+        self.salt = salt
+
+        if key_derivation is None:
+            key_derivation = self.default_key_derivation
+
+        self.key_derivation: str = key_derivation
+
+        if digest_method is None:
+            digest_method = self.default_digest_method
+
+        self.digest_method: t.Any = digest_method
+
+        if algorithm is None:
+            algorithm = HMACAlgorithm(self.digest_method)
+
+        self.algorithm: SigningAlgorithm = algorithm
+
+    @property
+    def secret_key(self) -> bytes:
+        """The newest (last) entry in the :attr:`secret_keys` list. This
+        is for compatibility from before key rotation support was added.
+        """
+        return self.secret_keys[-1]
+
+    def derive_key(self, secret_key: str | bytes | None = None) -> bytes:
+        """This method is called to derive the key. The default key
+        derivation choices can be overridden here. Key derivation is not
+        intended to be used as a security method to make a complex key
+        out of a short password. Instead you should use large random
+        secret keys.
+
+        :param secret_key: A specific secret key to derive from.
+            Defaults to the last item in :attr:`secret_keys`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Added the ``secret_key`` parameter.
+        """
+        if secret_key is None:
+            secret_key = self.secret_keys[-1]
+        else:
+            secret_key = want_bytes(secret_key)
+
+        if self.key_derivation == "concat":
+            return t.cast(bytes, self.digest_method(self.salt + secret_key).digest())
+        elif self.key_derivation == "django-concat":
+            return t.cast(
+                bytes, self.digest_method(self.salt + b"signer" + secret_key).digest()
+            )
+        elif self.key_derivation == "hmac":
+            mac = hmac.new(secret_key, digestmod=self.digest_method)
+            mac.update(self.salt)
+            return mac.digest()
+        elif self.key_derivation == "none":
+            return secret_key
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Unknown key derivation method")
+
+    def get_signature(self, value: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Returns the signature for the given value."""
+        value = want_bytes(value)
+        key = self.derive_key()
+        sig = self.algorithm.get_signature(key, value)
+        return base64_encode(sig)
+
+    def sign(self, value: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Signs the given string."""
+        value = want_bytes(value)
+        return value + self.sep + self.get_signature(value)
+
+    def verify_signature(self, value: str | bytes, sig: str | bytes) -> bool:
+        """Verifies the signature for the given value."""
+        try:
+            sig = base64_decode(sig)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+        value = want_bytes(value)
+
+        for secret_key in reversed(self.secret_keys):
+            key = self.derive_key(secret_key)
+
+            if self.algorithm.verify_signature(key, value, sig):
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def unsign(self, signed_value: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Unsigns the given string."""
+        signed_value = want_bytes(signed_value)
+
+        if self.sep not in signed_value:
+            raise BadSignature(f"No {self.sep!r} found in value")
+
+        value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(self.sep, 1)
+
+        if self.verify_signature(value, sig):
+            return value
+
+        raise BadSignature(f"Signature {sig!r} does not match", payload=value)
+
+    def validate(self, signed_value: str | bytes) -> bool:
+        """Only validates the given signed value. Returns ``True`` if
+        the signature exists and is valid.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.unsign(signed_value)
+            return True
+        except BadSignature:
+            return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/timed.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/timed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7384375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/timed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import time
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timezone
+
+from .encoding import base64_decode
+from .encoding import base64_encode
+from .encoding import bytes_to_int
+from .encoding import int_to_bytes
+from .encoding import want_bytes
+from .exc import BadSignature
+from .exc import BadTimeSignature
+from .exc import SignatureExpired
+from .serializer import _TSerialized
+from .serializer import Serializer
+from .signer import Signer
+
+
+class TimestampSigner(Signer):
+    """Works like the regular :class:`.Signer` but also records the time
+    of the signing and can be used to expire signatures. The
+    :meth:`unsign` method can raise :exc:`.SignatureExpired` if the
+    unsigning failed because the signature is expired.
+    """
+
+    def get_timestamp(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the current timestamp. The function must return an
+        integer.
+        """
+        return int(time.time())
+
+    def timestamp_to_datetime(self, ts: int) -> datetime:
+        """Convert the timestamp from :meth:`get_timestamp` into an
+        aware :class`datetime.datetime` in UTC.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The timestamp is returned as a timezone-aware ``datetime``
+            in UTC rather than a naive ``datetime`` assumed to be UTC.
+        """
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(ts, tz=timezone.utc)
+
+    def sign(self, value: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Signs the given string and also attaches time information."""
+        value = want_bytes(value)
+        timestamp = base64_encode(int_to_bytes(self.get_timestamp()))
+        sep = want_bytes(self.sep)
+        value = value + sep + timestamp
+        return value + sep + self.get_signature(value)
+
+    # Ignore overlapping signatures check, return_timestamp is the only
+    # parameter that affects the return type.
+
+    @t.overload
+    def unsign(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+        self,
+        signed_value: str | bytes,
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        return_timestamp: t.Literal[False] = False,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def unsign(
+        self,
+        signed_value: str | bytes,
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        return_timestamp: t.Literal[True] = True,
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, datetime]: ...
+
+    def unsign(
+        self,
+        signed_value: str | bytes,
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        return_timestamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, datetime] | bytes:
+        """Works like the regular :meth:`.Signer.unsign` but can also
+        validate the time. See the base docstring of the class for
+        the general behavior. If ``return_timestamp`` is ``True`` the
+        timestamp of the signature will be returned as an aware
+        :class:`datetime.datetime` object in UTC.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The timestamp is returned as a timezone-aware ``datetime``
+            in UTC rather than a naive ``datetime`` assumed to be UTC.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = super().unsign(signed_value)
+            sig_error = None
+        except BadSignature as e:
+            sig_error = e
+            result = e.payload or b""
+
+        sep = want_bytes(self.sep)
+
+        # If there is no timestamp in the result there is something
+        # seriously wrong. In case there was a signature error, we raise
+        # that one directly, otherwise we have a weird situation in
+        # which we shouldn't have come except someone uses a time-based
+        # serializer on non-timestamp data, so catch that.
+        if sep not in result:
+            if sig_error:
+                raise sig_error
+
+            raise BadTimeSignature("timestamp missing", payload=result)
+
+        value, ts_bytes = result.rsplit(sep, 1)
+        ts_int: int | None = None
+        ts_dt: datetime | None = None
+
+        try:
+            ts_int = bytes_to_int(base64_decode(ts_bytes))
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        # Signature is *not* okay. Raise a proper error now that we have
+        # split the value and the timestamp.
+        if sig_error is not None:
+            if ts_int is not None:
+                try:
+                    ts_dt = self.timestamp_to_datetime(ts_int)
+                except (ValueError, OSError, OverflowError) as exc:
+                    # Windows raises OSError
+                    # 32-bit raises OverflowError
+                    raise BadTimeSignature(
+                        "Malformed timestamp", payload=value
+                    ) from exc
+
+            raise BadTimeSignature(str(sig_error), payload=value, date_signed=ts_dt)
+
+        # Signature was okay but the timestamp is actually not there or
+        # malformed. Should not happen, but we handle it anyway.
+        if ts_int is None:
+            raise BadTimeSignature("Malformed timestamp", payload=value)
+
+        # Check timestamp is not older than max_age
+        if max_age is not None:
+            age = self.get_timestamp() - ts_int
+
+            if age > max_age:
+                raise SignatureExpired(
+                    f"Signature age {age} > {max_age} seconds",
+                    payload=value,
+                    date_signed=self.timestamp_to_datetime(ts_int),
+                )
+
+            if age < 0:
+                raise SignatureExpired(
+                    f"Signature age {age} < 0 seconds",
+                    payload=value,
+                    date_signed=self.timestamp_to_datetime(ts_int),
+                )
+
+        if return_timestamp:
+            return value, self.timestamp_to_datetime(ts_int)
+
+        return value
+
+    def validate(self, signed_value: str | bytes, max_age: int | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Only validates the given signed value. Returns ``True`` if
+        the signature exists and is valid."""
+        try:
+            self.unsign(signed_value, max_age=max_age)
+            return True
+        except BadSignature:
+            return False
+
+
+class TimedSerializer(Serializer[_TSerialized]):
+    """Uses :class:`TimestampSigner` instead of the default
+    :class:`.Signer`.
+    """
+
+    default_signer: type[TimestampSigner] = TimestampSigner
+
+    def iter_unsigners(
+        self, salt: str | bytes | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Iterator[TimestampSigner]:
+        return t.cast("cabc.Iterator[TimestampSigner]", super().iter_unsigners(salt))
+
+    # TODO: Signature is incompatible because parameters were added
+    #  before salt.
+
+    def loads(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        s: str | bytes,
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        return_timestamp: bool = False,
+        salt: str | bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Reverse of :meth:`dumps`, raises :exc:`.BadSignature` if the
+        signature validation fails. If a ``max_age`` is provided it will
+        ensure the signature is not older than that time in seconds. In
+        case the signature is outdated, :exc:`.SignatureExpired` is
+        raised. All arguments are forwarded to the signer's
+        :meth:`~TimestampSigner.unsign` method.
+        """
+        s = want_bytes(s)
+        last_exception = None
+
+        for signer in self.iter_unsigners(salt):
+            try:
+                base64d, timestamp = signer.unsign(
+                    s, max_age=max_age, return_timestamp=True
+                )
+                payload = self.load_payload(base64d)
+
+                if return_timestamp:
+                    return payload, timestamp
+
+                return payload
+            except SignatureExpired:
+                # The signature was unsigned successfully but was
+                # expired. Do not try the next signer.
+                raise
+            except BadSignature as err:
+                last_exception = err
+
+        raise t.cast(BadSignature, last_exception)
+
+    def loads_unsafe(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        s: str | bytes,
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        salt: str | bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, t.Any]:
+        return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt, load_kwargs={"max_age": max_age})
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/url_safe.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/url_safe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a0793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/itsdangerous/url_safe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+import zlib
+
+from ._json import _CompactJSON
+from .encoding import base64_decode
+from .encoding import base64_encode
+from .exc import BadPayload
+from .serializer import _PDataSerializer
+from .serializer import Serializer
+from .timed import TimedSerializer
+
+
+class URLSafeSerializerMixin(Serializer[str]):
+    """Mixed in with a regular serializer it will attempt to zlib
+    compress the string to make it shorter if necessary. It will also
+    base64 encode the string so that it can safely be placed in a URL.
+    """
+
+    default_serializer: _PDataSerializer[str] = _CompactJSON
+
+    def load_payload(
+        self,
+        payload: bytes,
+        *args: t.Any,
+        serializer: t.Any | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        decompress = False
+
+        if payload.startswith(b"."):
+            payload = payload[1:]
+            decompress = True
+
+        try:
+            json = base64_decode(payload)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise BadPayload(
+                "Could not base64 decode the payload because of an exception",
+                original_error=e,
+            ) from e
+
+        if decompress:
+            try:
+                json = zlib.decompress(json)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise BadPayload(
+                    "Could not zlib decompress the payload before decoding the payload",
+                    original_error=e,
+                ) from e
+
+        return super().load_payload(json, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def dump_payload(self, obj: t.Any) -> bytes:
+        json = super().dump_payload(obj)
+        is_compressed = False
+        compressed = zlib.compress(json)
+
+        if len(compressed) < (len(json) - 1):
+            json = compressed
+            is_compressed = True
+
+        base64d = base64_encode(json)
+
+        if is_compressed:
+            base64d = b"." + base64d
+
+        return base64d
+
+
+class URLSafeSerializer(URLSafeSerializerMixin, Serializer[str]):
+    """Works like :class:`.Serializer` but dumps and loads into a URL
+    safe string consisting of the upper and lowercase character of the
+    alphabet as well as ``'_'``, ``'-'`` and ``'.'``.
+    """
+
+
+class URLSafeTimedSerializer(URLSafeSerializerMixin, TimedSerializer[str]):
+    """Works like :class:`.TimedSerializer` but dumps and loads into a
+    URL safe string consisting of the upper and lowercase character of
+    the alphabet as well as ``'_'``, ``'-'`` and ``'.'``.
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c37cae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2007 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d0348d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: Jinja2
+Version: 3.1.5
+Summary: A very fast and expressive template engine.
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
+Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: MarkupSafe>=2.0
+Requires-Dist: Babel>=2.7 ; extra == "i18n"
+Project-URL: Changes, https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/jinja/
+Provides-Extra: i18n
+
+# Jinja
+
+Jinja is a fast, expressive, extensible templating engine. Special
+placeholders in the template allow writing code similar to Python
+syntax. Then the template is passed data to render the final document.
+
+It includes:
+
+-   Template inheritance and inclusion.
+-   Define and import macros within templates.
+-   HTML templates can use autoescaping to prevent XSS from untrusted
+    user input.
+-   A sandboxed environment can safely render untrusted templates.
+-   AsyncIO support for generating templates and calling async
+    functions.
+-   I18N support with Babel.
+-   Templates are compiled to optimized Python code just-in-time and
+    cached, or can be compiled ahead-of-time.
+-   Exceptions point to the correct line in templates to make debugging
+    easier.
+-   Extensible filters, tests, functions, and even syntax.
+
+Jinja's philosophy is that while application logic belongs in Python if
+possible, it shouldn't make the template designer's job difficult by
+restricting functionality too much.
+
+
+## In A Nutshell
+
+```jinja
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% block title %}Members{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+  <ul>
+  {% for user in users %}
+    <li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
+  {% endfor %}
+  </ul>
+{% endblock %}
+```
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Jinja and other popular
+packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc15d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
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+jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=OL85gYU1eD8cuPlikifFngXpeBjaxl6rIJ8KkC_3r-I,58
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c6fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.10.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abc3eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2-3.1.5.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[babel.extractors]
+jinja2=jinja2.ext:babel_extract[i18n]
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d669f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Jinja is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
+non-XML syntax that supports inline expressions and an optional
+sandboxed environment.
+"""
+
+from .bccache import BytecodeCache as BytecodeCache
+from .bccache import FileSystemBytecodeCache as FileSystemBytecodeCache
+from .bccache import MemcachedBytecodeCache as MemcachedBytecodeCache
+from .environment import Environment as Environment
+from .environment import Template as Template
+from .exceptions import TemplateAssertionError as TemplateAssertionError
+from .exceptions import TemplateError as TemplateError
+from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound as TemplateNotFound
+from .exceptions import TemplateRuntimeError as TemplateRuntimeError
+from .exceptions import TemplatesNotFound as TemplatesNotFound
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError as TemplateSyntaxError
+from .exceptions import UndefinedError as UndefinedError
+from .loaders import BaseLoader as BaseLoader
+from .loaders import ChoiceLoader as ChoiceLoader
+from .loaders import DictLoader as DictLoader
+from .loaders import FileSystemLoader as FileSystemLoader
+from .loaders import FunctionLoader as FunctionLoader
+from .loaders import ModuleLoader as ModuleLoader
+from .loaders import PackageLoader as PackageLoader
+from .loaders import PrefixLoader as PrefixLoader
+from .runtime import ChainableUndefined as ChainableUndefined
+from .runtime import DebugUndefined as DebugUndefined
+from .runtime import make_logging_undefined as make_logging_undefined
+from .runtime import StrictUndefined as StrictUndefined
+from .runtime import Undefined as Undefined
+from .utils import clear_caches as clear_caches
+from .utils import is_undefined as is_undefined
+from .utils import pass_context as pass_context
+from .utils import pass_environment as pass_environment
+from .utils import pass_eval_context as pass_eval_context
+from .utils import select_autoescape as select_autoescape
+
+__version__ = "3.1.5"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__pycache__/visitor.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/__pycache__/visitor.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/_identifier.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/_identifier.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..928c150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/_identifier.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import re
+
+# generated by scripts/generate_identifier_pattern.py
+pattern = re.compile(
+    r"[\w·̀-ͯ·҃-֑҇-ׇֽֿׁׂׅׄؐ-ًؚ-ٰٟۖ-ۜ۟-۪ۤۧۨ-ܑۭܰ-݊ަ-ް߫-߽߳ࠖ-࠙ࠛ-ࠣࠥ-ࠧࠩ-࡙࠭-࡛࣓-ࣣ࣡-ःऺ-़ा-ॏ॑-ॗॢॣঁ-ঃ়া-ৄেৈো-্ৗৢৣ৾ਁ-ਃ਼ਾ-ੂੇੈੋ-੍ੑੰੱੵઁ-ઃ઼ા-ૅે-ૉો-્ૢૣૺ-૿ଁ-ଃ଼ା-ୄେୈୋ-୍ୖୗୢୣஂா-ூெ-ைொ-்ௗఀ-ఄా-ౄె-ైొ-్ౕౖౢౣಁ-ಃ಼ಾ-ೄೆ-ೈೊ-್ೕೖೢೣഀ-ഃ഻഼ാ-ൄെ-ൈൊ-്ൗൢൣංඃ්ා-ුූෘ-ෟෲෳัิ-ฺ็-๎ັິ-ູົຼ່-ໍ༹༘༙༵༷༾༿ཱ-྄྆྇ྍ-ྗྙ-ྼ࿆ါ-ှၖ-ၙၞ-ၠၢ-ၤၧ-ၭၱ-ၴႂ-ႍႏႚ-ႝ፝-፟ᜒ-᜔ᜲ-᜴ᝒᝓᝲᝳ឴-៓៝᠋-᠍ᢅᢆᢩᤠ-ᤫᤰ-᤻ᨗ-ᨛᩕ-ᩞ᩠-᩿᩼᪰-᪽ᬀ-ᬄ᬴-᭄᭫-᭳ᮀ-ᮂᮡ-ᮭ᯦-᯳ᰤ-᰷᳐-᳔᳒-᳨᳭ᳲ-᳴᳷-᳹᷀-᷹᷻-᷿‿⁀⁔⃐-⃥⃜⃡-⃰℘℮⳯-⵿⳱ⷠ-〪ⷿ-゙゚〯꙯ꙴ-꙽ꚞꚟ꛰꛱ꠂ꠆ꠋꠣ-ꠧꢀꢁꢴ-ꣅ꣠-꣱ꣿꤦ-꤭ꥇ-꥓ꦀ-ꦃ꦳-꧀ꧥꨩ-ꨶꩃꩌꩍꩻ-ꩽꪰꪲ-ꪴꪷꪸꪾ꪿꫁ꫫ-ꫯꫵ꫶ꯣ-ꯪ꯬꯭ﬞ︀-️︠-︯︳︴﹍-﹏＿𐇽𐋠𐍶-𐍺𐨁-𐨃𐨅𐨆𐨌-𐨏𐨸-𐨿𐨺𐫦𐫥𐴤-𐽆𐴧-𐽐𑀀-𑀂𑀸-𑁆𑁿-𑂂𑂰-𑂺𑄀-𑄂𑄧-𑄴𑅅𑅆𑅳𑆀-𑆂𑆳-𑇀𑇉-𑇌𑈬-𑈷𑈾𑋟-𑋪𑌀-𑌃𑌻𑌼𑌾-𑍄𑍇𑍈𑍋-𑍍𑍗𑍢𑍣𑍦-𑍬𑍰-𑍴𑐵-𑑆𑑞𑒰-𑓃𑖯-𑖵𑖸-𑗀𑗜𑗝𑘰-𑙀𑚫-𑚷𑜝-𑜫𑠬-𑠺𑨁-𑨊𑨳-𑨹𑨻-𑨾𑩇𑩑-𑩛𑪊-𑪙𑰯-𑰶𑰸-𑰿𑲒-𑲧𑲩-𑲶𑴱-𑴶𑴺𑴼𑴽𑴿-𑵅𑵇𑶊-𑶎𑶐𑶑𑶓-𑶗𑻳-𑻶𖫰-𖫴𖬰-𖬶𖽑-𖽾𖾏-𖾒𛲝𛲞𝅥-𝅩𝅭-𝅲𝅻-𝆂𝆅-𝆋𝆪-𝆭𝉂-𝉄𝨀-𝨶𝨻-𝩬𝩵𝪄𝪛-𝪟𝪡-𝪯𞀀-𞀆𞀈-𞀘𞀛-𞀡𞀣𞀤𞀦-𞣐𞀪-𞣖𞥄-𞥊󠄀-󠇯]+"  # noqa: B950
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/async_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/async_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0c1402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/async_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import inspect
+import typing as t
+from functools import WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS
+from functools import wraps
+
+from .utils import _PassArg
+from .utils import pass_eval_context
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def async_variant(normal_func):  # type: ignore
+    def decorator(async_func):  # type: ignore
+        pass_arg = _PassArg.from_obj(normal_func)
+        need_eval_context = pass_arg is None
+
+        if pass_arg is _PassArg.environment:
+
+            def is_async(args: t.Any) -> bool:
+                return t.cast(bool, args[0].is_async)
+
+        else:
+
+            def is_async(args: t.Any) -> bool:
+                return t.cast(bool, args[0].environment.is_async)
+
+        # Take the doc and annotations from the sync function, but the
+        # name from the async function. Pallets-Sphinx-Themes
+        # build_function_directive expects __wrapped__ to point to the
+        # sync function.
+        async_func_attrs = ("__module__", "__name__", "__qualname__")
+        normal_func_attrs = tuple(set(WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS).difference(async_func_attrs))
+
+        @wraps(normal_func, assigned=normal_func_attrs)
+        @wraps(async_func, assigned=async_func_attrs, updated=())
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            b = is_async(args)
+
+            if need_eval_context:
+                args = args[1:]
+
+            if b:
+                return async_func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return normal_func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if need_eval_context:
+            wrapper = pass_eval_context(wrapper)
+
+        wrapper.jinja_async_variant = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+_common_primitives = {int, float, bool, str, list, dict, tuple, type(None)}
+
+
+async def auto_await(value: t.Union[t.Awaitable["V"], "V"]) -> "V":
+    # Avoid a costly call to isawaitable
+    if type(value) in _common_primitives:
+        return t.cast("V", value)
+
+    if inspect.isawaitable(value):
+        return await t.cast("t.Awaitable[V]", value)
+
+    return value
+
+
+class _IteratorToAsyncIterator(t.Generic[V]):
+    def __init__(self, iterator: "t.Iterator[V]"):
+        self._iterator = iterator
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> "te.Self":
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> V:
+        try:
+            return next(self._iterator)
+        except StopIteration as e:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration(e.value) from e
+
+
+def auto_aiter(
+    iterable: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    if hasattr(iterable, "__aiter__"):
+        return iterable.__aiter__()
+    else:
+        return _IteratorToAsyncIterator(iter(iterable))
+
+
+async def auto_to_list(
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+) -> t.List["V"]:
+    return [x async for x in auto_aiter(value)]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/bccache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/bccache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ada8b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/bccache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+"""The optional bytecode cache system. This is useful if you have very
+complex template situations and the compilation of all those templates
+slows down your application too much.
+
+Situations where this is useful are often forking web applications that
+are initialized on the first request.
+"""
+
+import errno
+import fnmatch
+import marshal
+import os
+import pickle
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import typing as t
+from hashlib import sha1
+from io import BytesIO
+from types import CodeType
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+    class _MemcachedClient(te.Protocol):
+        def get(self, key: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        def set(
+            self, key: str, value: bytes, timeout: t.Optional[int] = None
+        ) -> None: ...
+
+
+bc_version = 5
+# Magic bytes to identify Jinja bytecode cache files. Contains the
+# Python major and minor version to avoid loading incompatible bytecode
+# if a project upgrades its Python version.
+bc_magic = (
+    b"j2"
+    + pickle.dumps(bc_version, 2)
+    + pickle.dumps((sys.version_info[0] << 24) | sys.version_info[1], 2)
+)
+
+
+class Bucket:
+    """Buckets are used to store the bytecode for one template.  It's created
+    and initialized by the bytecode cache and passed to the loading functions.
+
+    The buckets get an internal checksum from the cache assigned and use this
+    to automatically reject outdated cache material.  Individual bytecode
+    cache subclasses don't have to care about cache invalidation.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, environment: "Environment", key: str, checksum: str) -> None:
+        self.environment = environment
+        self.key = key
+        self.checksum = checksum
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Resets the bucket (unloads the bytecode)."""
+        self.code: t.Optional[CodeType] = None
+
+    def load_bytecode(self, f: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        """Loads bytecode from a file or file like object."""
+        # make sure the magic header is correct
+        magic = f.read(len(bc_magic))
+        if magic != bc_magic:
+            self.reset()
+            return
+        # the source code of the file changed, we need to reload
+        checksum = pickle.load(f)
+        if self.checksum != checksum:
+            self.reset()
+            return
+        # if marshal_load fails then we need to reload
+        try:
+            self.code = marshal.load(f)
+        except (EOFError, ValueError, TypeError):
+            self.reset()
+            return
+
+    def write_bytecode(self, f: t.IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        """Dump the bytecode into the file or file like object passed."""
+        if self.code is None:
+            raise TypeError("can't write empty bucket")
+        f.write(bc_magic)
+        pickle.dump(self.checksum, f, 2)
+        marshal.dump(self.code, f)
+
+    def bytecode_from_string(self, string: bytes) -> None:
+        """Load bytecode from bytes."""
+        self.load_bytecode(BytesIO(string))
+
+    def bytecode_to_string(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return the bytecode as bytes."""
+        out = BytesIO()
+        self.write_bytecode(out)
+        return out.getvalue()
+
+
+class BytecodeCache:
+    """To implement your own bytecode cache you have to subclass this class
+    and override :meth:`load_bytecode` and :meth:`dump_bytecode`.  Both of
+    these methods are passed a :class:`~jinja2.bccache.Bucket`.
+
+    A very basic bytecode cache that saves the bytecode on the file system::
+
+        from os import path
+
+        class MyCache(BytecodeCache):
+
+            def __init__(self, directory):
+                self.directory = directory
+
+            def load_bytecode(self, bucket):
+                filename = path.join(self.directory, bucket.key)
+                if path.exists(filename):
+                    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+                        bucket.load_bytecode(f)
+
+            def dump_bytecode(self, bucket):
+                filename = path.join(self.directory, bucket.key)
+                with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+                    bucket.write_bytecode(f)
+
+    A more advanced version of a filesystem based bytecode cache is part of
+    Jinja.
+    """
+
+    def load_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        """Subclasses have to override this method to load bytecode into a
+        bucket.  If they are not able to find code in the cache for the
+        bucket, it must not do anything.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def dump_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        """Subclasses have to override this method to write the bytecode
+        from a bucket back to the cache.  If it unable to do so it must not
+        fail silently but raise an exception.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Clears the cache.  This method is not used by Jinja but should be
+        implemented to allow applications to clear the bytecode cache used
+        by a particular environment.
+        """
+
+    def get_cache_key(
+        self, name: str, filename: t.Optional[t.Union[str]] = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Returns the unique hash key for this template name."""
+        hash = sha1(name.encode("utf-8"))
+
+        if filename is not None:
+            hash.update(f"|{filename}".encode())
+
+        return hash.hexdigest()
+
+    def get_source_checksum(self, source: str) -> str:
+        """Returns a checksum for the source."""
+        return sha1(source.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+
+    def get_bucket(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: str,
+        filename: t.Optional[str],
+        source: str,
+    ) -> Bucket:
+        """Return a cache bucket for the given template.  All arguments are
+        mandatory but filename may be `None`.
+        """
+        key = self.get_cache_key(name, filename)
+        checksum = self.get_source_checksum(source)
+        bucket = Bucket(environment, key, checksum)
+        self.load_bytecode(bucket)
+        return bucket
+
+    def set_bucket(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        """Put the bucket into the cache."""
+        self.dump_bytecode(bucket)
+
+
+class FileSystemBytecodeCache(BytecodeCache):
+    """A bytecode cache that stores bytecode on the filesystem.  It accepts
+    two arguments: The directory where the cache items are stored and a
+    pattern string that is used to build the filename.
+
+    If no directory is specified a default cache directory is selected.  On
+    Windows the user's temp directory is used, on UNIX systems a directory
+    is created for the user in the system temp directory.
+
+    The pattern can be used to have multiple separate caches operate on the
+    same directory.  The default pattern is ``'__jinja2_%s.cache'``.  ``%s``
+    is replaced with the cache key.
+
+    >>> bcc = FileSystemBytecodeCache('/tmp/jinja_cache', '%s.cache')
+
+    This bytecode cache supports clearing of the cache using the clear method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, directory: t.Optional[str] = None, pattern: str = "__jinja2_%s.cache"
+    ) -> None:
+        if directory is None:
+            directory = self._get_default_cache_dir()
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.pattern = pattern
+
+    def _get_default_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        def _unsafe_dir() -> "te.NoReturn":
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot determine safe temp directory.  You "
+                "need to explicitly provide one."
+            )
+
+        tmpdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
+
+        # On windows the temporary directory is used specific unless
+        # explicitly forced otherwise.  We can just use that.
+        if os.name == "nt":
+            return tmpdir
+        if not hasattr(os, "getuid"):
+            _unsafe_dir()
+
+        dirname = f"_jinja2-cache-{os.getuid()}"
+        actual_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, dirname)
+
+        try:
+            os.mkdir(actual_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                raise
+        try:
+            os.chmod(actual_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
+            actual_dir_stat = os.lstat(actual_dir)
+            if (
+                actual_dir_stat.st_uid != os.getuid()
+                or not stat.S_ISDIR(actual_dir_stat.st_mode)
+                or stat.S_IMODE(actual_dir_stat.st_mode) != stat.S_IRWXU
+            ):
+                _unsafe_dir()
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                raise
+
+        actual_dir_stat = os.lstat(actual_dir)
+        if (
+            actual_dir_stat.st_uid != os.getuid()
+            or not stat.S_ISDIR(actual_dir_stat.st_mode)
+            or stat.S_IMODE(actual_dir_stat.st_mode) != stat.S_IRWXU
+        ):
+            _unsafe_dir()
+
+        return actual_dir
+
+    def _get_cache_filename(self, bucket: Bucket) -> str:
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, self.pattern % (bucket.key,))
+
+    def load_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        filename = self._get_cache_filename(bucket)
+
+        # Don't test for existence before opening the file, since the
+        # file could disappear after the test before the open.
+        try:
+            f = open(filename, "rb")
+        except (FileNotFoundError, IsADirectoryError, PermissionError):
+            # PermissionError can occur on Windows when an operation is
+            # in progress, such as calling clear().
+            return
+
+        with f:
+            bucket.load_bytecode(f)
+
+    def dump_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        # Write to a temporary file, then rename to the real name after
+        # writing. This avoids another process reading the file before
+        # it is fully written.
+        name = self._get_cache_filename(bucket)
+        f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+            mode="wb",
+            dir=os.path.dirname(name),
+            prefix=os.path.basename(name),
+            suffix=".tmp",
+            delete=False,
+        )
+
+        def remove_silent() -> None:
+            try:
+                os.remove(f.name)
+            except OSError:
+                # Another process may have called clear(). On Windows,
+                # another program may be holding the file open.
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            with f:
+                bucket.write_bytecode(f)
+        except BaseException:
+            remove_silent()
+            raise
+
+        try:
+            os.replace(f.name, name)
+        except OSError:
+            # Another process may have called clear(). On Windows,
+            # another program may be holding the file open.
+            remove_silent()
+        except BaseException:
+            remove_silent()
+            raise
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        # imported lazily here because google app-engine doesn't support
+        # write access on the file system and the function does not exist
+        # normally.
+        from os import remove
+
+        files = fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(self.directory), self.pattern % ("*",))
+        for filename in files:
+            try:
+                remove(os.path.join(self.directory, filename))
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+
+class MemcachedBytecodeCache(BytecodeCache):
+    """This class implements a bytecode cache that uses a memcache cache for
+    storing the information.  It does not enforce a specific memcache library
+    (tummy's memcache or cmemcache) but will accept any class that provides
+    the minimal interface required.
+
+    Libraries compatible with this class:
+
+    -   `cachelib <https://github.com/pallets/cachelib>`_
+    -   `python-memcached <https://pypi.org/project/python-memcached/>`_
+
+    (Unfortunately the django cache interface is not compatible because it
+    does not support storing binary data, only text. You can however pass
+    the underlying cache client to the bytecode cache which is available
+    as `django.core.cache.cache._client`.)
+
+    The minimal interface for the client passed to the constructor is this:
+
+    .. class:: MinimalClientInterface
+
+        .. method:: set(key, value[, timeout])
+
+            Stores the bytecode in the cache.  `value` is a string and
+            `timeout` the timeout of the key.  If timeout is not provided
+            a default timeout or no timeout should be assumed, if it's
+            provided it's an integer with the number of seconds the cache
+            item should exist.
+
+        .. method:: get(key)
+
+            Returns the value for the cache key.  If the item does not
+            exist in the cache the return value must be `None`.
+
+    The other arguments to the constructor are the prefix for all keys that
+    is added before the actual cache key and the timeout for the bytecode in
+    the cache system.  We recommend a high (or no) timeout.
+
+    This bytecode cache does not support clearing of used items in the cache.
+    The clear method is a no-operation function.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+       Added support for ignoring memcache errors through the
+       `ignore_memcache_errors` parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        client: "_MemcachedClient",
+        prefix: str = "jinja2/bytecode/",
+        timeout: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        ignore_memcache_errors: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.client = client
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.ignore_memcache_errors = ignore_memcache_errors
+
+    def load_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        try:
+            code = self.client.get(self.prefix + bucket.key)
+        except Exception:
+            if not self.ignore_memcache_errors:
+                raise
+        else:
+            bucket.bytecode_from_string(code)
+
+    def dump_bytecode(self, bucket: Bucket) -> None:
+        key = self.prefix + bucket.key
+        value = bucket.bytecode_to_string()
+
+        try:
+            if self.timeout is not None:
+                self.client.set(key, value, self.timeout)
+            else:
+                self.client.set(key, value)
+        except Exception:
+            if not self.ignore_memcache_errors:
+                raise
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/compiler.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/compiler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4ff6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/compiler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1998 @@
+"""Compiles nodes from the parser into Python code."""
+
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from io import StringIO
+from itertools import chain
+from keyword import iskeyword as is_python_keyword
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from . import nodes
+from .exceptions import TemplateAssertionError
+from .idtracking import Symbols
+from .idtracking import VAR_LOAD_ALIAS
+from .idtracking import VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER
+from .idtracking import VAR_LOAD_RESOLVE
+from .idtracking import VAR_LOAD_UNDEFINED
+from .nodes import EvalContext
+from .optimizer import Optimizer
+from .utils import _PassArg
+from .utils import concat
+from .visitor import NodeVisitor
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+operators = {
+    "eq": "==",
+    "ne": "!=",
+    "gt": ">",
+    "gteq": ">=",
+    "lt": "<",
+    "lteq": "<=",
+    "in": "in",
+    "notin": "not in",
+}
+
+
+def optimizeconst(f: F) -> F:
+    def new_func(
+        self: "CodeGenerator", node: nodes.Expr, frame: "Frame", **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        # Only optimize if the frame is not volatile
+        if self.optimizer is not None and not frame.eval_ctx.volatile:
+            new_node = self.optimizer.visit(node, frame.eval_ctx)
+
+            if new_node != node:
+                return self.visit(new_node, frame)
+
+        return f(self, node, frame, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def _make_binop(op: str) -> t.Callable[["CodeGenerator", nodes.BinExpr, "Frame"], None]:
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visitor(self: "CodeGenerator", node: nodes.BinExpr, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if (
+            self.environment.sandboxed and op in self.environment.intercepted_binops  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            self.write(f"environment.call_binop(context, {op!r}, ")
+            self.visit(node.left, frame)
+            self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(node.right, frame)
+        else:
+            self.write("(")
+            self.visit(node.left, frame)
+            self.write(f" {op} ")
+            self.visit(node.right, frame)
+
+        self.write(")")
+
+    return visitor
+
+
+def _make_unop(
+    op: str,
+) -> t.Callable[["CodeGenerator", nodes.UnaryExpr, "Frame"], None]:
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visitor(self: "CodeGenerator", node: nodes.UnaryExpr, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if (
+            self.environment.sandboxed and op in self.environment.intercepted_unops  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            self.write(f"environment.call_unop(context, {op!r}, ")
+            self.visit(node.node, frame)
+        else:
+            self.write("(" + op)
+            self.visit(node.node, frame)
+
+        self.write(")")
+
+    return visitor
+
+
+def generate(
+    node: nodes.Template,
+    environment: "Environment",
+    name: t.Optional[str],
+    filename: t.Optional[str],
+    stream: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
+    defer_init: bool = False,
+    optimized: bool = True,
+) -> t.Optional[str]:
+    """Generate the python source for a node tree."""
+    if not isinstance(node, nodes.Template):
+        raise TypeError("Can't compile non template nodes")
+
+    generator = environment.code_generator_class(
+        environment, name, filename, stream, defer_init, optimized
+    )
+    generator.visit(node)
+
+    if stream is None:
+        return generator.stream.getvalue()  # type: ignore
+
+    return None
+
+
+def has_safe_repr(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Does the node have a safe representation?"""
+    if value is None or value is NotImplemented or value is Ellipsis:
+        return True
+
+    if type(value) in {bool, int, float, complex, range, str, Markup}:
+        return True
+
+    if type(value) in {tuple, list, set, frozenset}:
+        return all(has_safe_repr(v) for v in value)
+
+    if type(value) is dict:  # noqa E721
+        return all(has_safe_repr(k) and has_safe_repr(v) for k, v in value.items())
+
+    return False
+
+
+def find_undeclared(
+    nodes: t.Iterable[nodes.Node], names: t.Iterable[str]
+) -> t.Set[str]:
+    """Check if the names passed are accessed undeclared.  The return value
+    is a set of all the undeclared names from the sequence of names found.
+    """
+    visitor = UndeclaredNameVisitor(names)
+    try:
+        for node in nodes:
+            visitor.visit(node)
+    except VisitorExit:
+        pass
+    return visitor.undeclared
+
+
+class MacroRef:
+    def __init__(self, node: t.Union[nodes.Macro, nodes.CallBlock]) -> None:
+        self.node = node
+        self.accesses_caller = False
+        self.accesses_kwargs = False
+        self.accesses_varargs = False
+
+
+class Frame:
+    """Holds compile time information for us."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        eval_ctx: EvalContext,
+        parent: t.Optional["Frame"] = None,
+        level: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.eval_ctx = eval_ctx
+
+        # the parent of this frame
+        self.parent = parent
+
+        if parent is None:
+            self.symbols = Symbols(level=level)
+
+            # in some dynamic inheritance situations the compiler needs to add
+            # write tests around output statements.
+            self.require_output_check = False
+
+            # inside some tags we are using a buffer rather than yield statements.
+            # this for example affects {% filter %} or {% macro %}.  If a frame
+            # is buffered this variable points to the name of the list used as
+            # buffer.
+            self.buffer: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+            # the name of the block we're in, otherwise None.
+            self.block: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+        else:
+            self.symbols = Symbols(parent.symbols, level=level)
+            self.require_output_check = parent.require_output_check
+            self.buffer = parent.buffer
+            self.block = parent.block
+
+        # a toplevel frame is the root + soft frames such as if conditions.
+        self.toplevel = False
+
+        # the root frame is basically just the outermost frame, so no if
+        # conditions.  This information is used to optimize inheritance
+        # situations.
+        self.rootlevel = False
+
+        # variables set inside of loops and blocks should not affect outer frames,
+        # but they still needs to be kept track of as part of the active context.
+        self.loop_frame = False
+        self.block_frame = False
+
+        # track whether the frame is being used in an if-statement or conditional
+        # expression as it determines which errors should be raised during runtime
+        # or compile time.
+        self.soft_frame = False
+
+    def copy(self) -> "te.Self":
+        """Create a copy of the current one."""
+        rv = object.__new__(self.__class__)
+        rv.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
+        rv.symbols = self.symbols.copy()
+        return rv
+
+    def inner(self, isolated: bool = False) -> "Frame":
+        """Return an inner frame."""
+        if isolated:
+            return Frame(self.eval_ctx, level=self.symbols.level + 1)
+        return Frame(self.eval_ctx, self)
+
+    def soft(self) -> "te.Self":
+        """Return a soft frame.  A soft frame may not be modified as
+        standalone thing as it shares the resources with the frame it
+        was created of, but it's not a rootlevel frame any longer.
+
+        This is only used to implement if-statements and conditional
+        expressions.
+        """
+        rv = self.copy()
+        rv.rootlevel = False
+        rv.soft_frame = True
+        return rv
+
+    __copy__ = copy
+
+
+class VisitorExit(RuntimeError):
+    """Exception used by the `UndeclaredNameVisitor` to signal a stop."""
+
+
+class DependencyFinderVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+    """A visitor that collects filter and test calls."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.filters: t.Set[str] = set()
+        self.tests: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+    def visit_Filter(self, node: nodes.Filter) -> None:
+        self.generic_visit(node)
+        self.filters.add(node.name)
+
+    def visit_Test(self, node: nodes.Test) -> None:
+        self.generic_visit(node)
+        self.tests.add(node.name)
+
+    def visit_Block(self, node: nodes.Block) -> None:
+        """Stop visiting at blocks."""
+
+
+class UndeclaredNameVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+    """A visitor that checks if a name is accessed without being
+    declared.  This is different from the frame visitor as it will
+    not stop at closure frames.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, names: t.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        self.names = set(names)
+        self.undeclared: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+    def visit_Name(self, node: nodes.Name) -> None:
+        if node.ctx == "load" and node.name in self.names:
+            self.undeclared.add(node.name)
+            if self.undeclared == self.names:
+                raise VisitorExit()
+        else:
+            self.names.discard(node.name)
+
+    def visit_Block(self, node: nodes.Block) -> None:
+        """Stop visiting a blocks."""
+
+
+class CompilerExit(Exception):
+    """Raised if the compiler encountered a situation where it just
+    doesn't make sense to further process the code.  Any block that
+    raises such an exception is not further processed.
+    """
+
+
+class CodeGenerator(NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        filename: t.Optional[str],
+        stream: t.Optional[t.TextIO] = None,
+        defer_init: bool = False,
+        optimized: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = StringIO()
+        self.environment = environment
+        self.name = name
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.created_block_context = False
+        self.defer_init = defer_init
+        self.optimizer: t.Optional[Optimizer] = None
+
+        if optimized:
+            self.optimizer = Optimizer(environment)
+
+        # aliases for imports
+        self.import_aliases: t.Dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # a registry for all blocks.  Because blocks are moved out
+        # into the global python scope they are registered here
+        self.blocks: t.Dict[str, nodes.Block] = {}
+
+        # the number of extends statements so far
+        self.extends_so_far = 0
+
+        # some templates have a rootlevel extends.  In this case we
+        # can safely assume that we're a child template and do some
+        # more optimizations.
+        self.has_known_extends = False
+
+        # the current line number
+        self.code_lineno = 1
+
+        # registry of all filters and tests (global, not block local)
+        self.tests: t.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.filters: t.Dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # the debug information
+        self.debug_info: t.List[t.Tuple[int, int]] = []
+        self._write_debug_info: t.Optional[int] = None
+
+        # the number of new lines before the next write()
+        self._new_lines = 0
+
+        # the line number of the last written statement
+        self._last_line = 0
+
+        # true if nothing was written so far.
+        self._first_write = True
+
+        # used by the `temporary_identifier` method to get new
+        # unique, temporary identifier
+        self._last_identifier = 0
+
+        # the current indentation
+        self._indentation = 0
+
+        # Tracks toplevel assignments
+        self._assign_stack: t.List[t.Set[str]] = []
+
+        # Tracks parameter definition blocks
+        self._param_def_block: t.List[t.Set[str]] = []
+
+        # Tracks the current context.
+        self._context_reference_stack = ["context"]
+
+    @property
+    def optimized(self) -> bool:
+        return self.optimizer is not None
+
+    # -- Various compilation helpers
+
+    def fail(self, msg: str, lineno: int) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Fail with a :exc:`TemplateAssertionError`."""
+        raise TemplateAssertionError(msg, lineno, self.name, self.filename)
+
+    def temporary_identifier(self) -> str:
+        """Get a new unique identifier."""
+        self._last_identifier += 1
+        return f"t_{self._last_identifier}"
+
+    def buffer(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Enable buffering for the frame from that point onwards."""
+        frame.buffer = self.temporary_identifier()
+        self.writeline(f"{frame.buffer} = []")
+
+    def return_buffer_contents(
+        self, frame: Frame, force_unescaped: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Return the buffer contents of the frame."""
+        if not force_unescaped:
+            if frame.eval_ctx.volatile:
+                self.writeline("if context.eval_ctx.autoescape:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline(f"return Markup(concat({frame.buffer}))")
+                self.outdent()
+                self.writeline("else:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline(f"return concat({frame.buffer})")
+                self.outdent()
+                return
+            elif frame.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+                self.writeline(f"return Markup(concat({frame.buffer}))")
+                return
+        self.writeline(f"return concat({frame.buffer})")
+
+    def indent(self) -> None:
+        """Indent by one."""
+        self._indentation += 1
+
+    def outdent(self, step: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Outdent by step."""
+        self._indentation -= step
+
+    def start_write(self, frame: Frame, node: t.Optional[nodes.Node] = None) -> None:
+        """Yield or write into the frame buffer."""
+        if frame.buffer is None:
+            self.writeline("yield ", node)
+        else:
+            self.writeline(f"{frame.buffer}.append(", node)
+
+    def end_write(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """End the writing process started by `start_write`."""
+        if frame.buffer is not None:
+            self.write(")")
+
+    def simple_write(
+        self, s: str, frame: Frame, node: t.Optional[nodes.Node] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Simple shortcut for start_write + write + end_write."""
+        self.start_write(frame, node)
+        self.write(s)
+        self.end_write(frame)
+
+    def blockvisit(self, nodes: t.Iterable[nodes.Node], frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Visit a list of nodes as block in a frame.  If the current frame
+        is no buffer a dummy ``if 0: yield None`` is written automatically.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.writeline("pass")
+            for node in nodes:
+                self.visit(node, frame)
+        except CompilerExit:
+            pass
+
+    def write(self, x: str) -> None:
+        """Write a string into the output stream."""
+        if self._new_lines:
+            if not self._first_write:
+                self.stream.write("\n" * self._new_lines)
+                self.code_lineno += self._new_lines
+                if self._write_debug_info is not None:
+                    self.debug_info.append((self._write_debug_info, self.code_lineno))
+                    self._write_debug_info = None
+            self._first_write = False
+            self.stream.write("    " * self._indentation)
+            self._new_lines = 0
+        self.stream.write(x)
+
+    def writeline(
+        self, x: str, node: t.Optional[nodes.Node] = None, extra: int = 0
+    ) -> None:
+        """Combination of newline and write."""
+        self.newline(node, extra)
+        self.write(x)
+
+    def newline(self, node: t.Optional[nodes.Node] = None, extra: int = 0) -> None:
+        """Add one or more newlines before the next write."""
+        self._new_lines = max(self._new_lines, 1 + extra)
+        if node is not None and node.lineno != self._last_line:
+            self._write_debug_info = node.lineno
+            self._last_line = node.lineno
+
+    def signature(
+        self,
+        node: t.Union[nodes.Call, nodes.Filter, nodes.Test],
+        frame: Frame,
+        extra_kwargs: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a function call to the stream for the current node.
+        A leading comma is added automatically.  The extra keyword
+        arguments may not include python keywords otherwise a syntax
+        error could occur.  The extra keyword arguments should be given
+        as python dict.
+        """
+        # if any of the given keyword arguments is a python keyword
+        # we have to make sure that no invalid call is created.
+        kwarg_workaround = any(
+            is_python_keyword(t.cast(str, k))
+            for k in chain((x.key for x in node.kwargs), extra_kwargs or ())
+        )
+
+        for arg in node.args:
+            self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(arg, frame)
+
+        if not kwarg_workaround:
+            for kwarg in node.kwargs:
+                self.write(", ")
+                self.visit(kwarg, frame)
+            if extra_kwargs is not None:
+                for key, value in extra_kwargs.items():
+                    self.write(f", {key}={value}")
+        if node.dyn_args:
+            self.write(", *")
+            self.visit(node.dyn_args, frame)
+
+        if kwarg_workaround:
+            if node.dyn_kwargs is not None:
+                self.write(", **dict({")
+            else:
+                self.write(", **{")
+            for kwarg in node.kwargs:
+                self.write(f"{kwarg.key!r}: ")
+                self.visit(kwarg.value, frame)
+                self.write(", ")
+            if extra_kwargs is not None:
+                for key, value in extra_kwargs.items():
+                    self.write(f"{key!r}: {value}, ")
+            if node.dyn_kwargs is not None:
+                self.write("}, **")
+                self.visit(node.dyn_kwargs, frame)
+                self.write(")")
+            else:
+                self.write("}")
+
+        elif node.dyn_kwargs is not None:
+            self.write(", **")
+            self.visit(node.dyn_kwargs, frame)
+
+    def pull_dependencies(self, nodes: t.Iterable[nodes.Node]) -> None:
+        """Find all filter and test names used in the template and
+        assign them to variables in the compiled namespace. Checking
+        that the names are registered with the environment is done when
+        compiling the Filter and Test nodes. If the node is in an If or
+        CondExpr node, the check is done at runtime instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Filters and tests in If and CondExpr nodes are checked at
+            runtime instead of compile time.
+        """
+        visitor = DependencyFinderVisitor()
+
+        for node in nodes:
+            visitor.visit(node)
+
+        for id_map, names, dependency in (
+            (self.filters, visitor.filters, "filters"),
+            (
+                self.tests,
+                visitor.tests,
+                "tests",
+            ),
+        ):
+            for name in sorted(names):
+                if name not in id_map:
+                    id_map[name] = self.temporary_identifier()
+
+                # add check during runtime that dependencies used inside of executed
+                # blocks are defined, as this step may be skipped during compile time
+                self.writeline("try:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline(f"{id_map[name]} = environment.{dependency}[{name!r}]")
+                self.outdent()
+                self.writeline("except KeyError:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline("@internalcode")
+                self.writeline(f"def {id_map[name]}(*unused):")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline(
+                    f'raise TemplateRuntimeError("No {dependency[:-1]}'
+                    f' named {name!r} found.")'
+                )
+                self.outdent()
+                self.outdent()
+
+    def enter_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        undefs = []
+        for target, (action, param) in frame.symbols.loads.items():
+            if action == VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER:
+                pass
+            elif action == VAR_LOAD_RESOLVE:
+                self.writeline(f"{target} = {self.get_resolve_func()}({param!r})")
+            elif action == VAR_LOAD_ALIAS:
+                self.writeline(f"{target} = {param}")
+            elif action == VAR_LOAD_UNDEFINED:
+                undefs.append(target)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError("unknown load instruction")
+        if undefs:
+            self.writeline(f"{' = '.join(undefs)} = missing")
+
+    def leave_frame(self, frame: Frame, with_python_scope: bool = False) -> None:
+        if not with_python_scope:
+            undefs = []
+            for target in frame.symbols.loads:
+                undefs.append(target)
+            if undefs:
+                self.writeline(f"{' = '.join(undefs)} = missing")
+
+    def choose_async(self, async_value: str = "async ", sync_value: str = "") -> str:
+        return async_value if self.environment.is_async else sync_value
+
+    def func(self, name: str) -> str:
+        return f"{self.choose_async()}def {name}"
+
+    def macro_body(
+        self, node: t.Union[nodes.Macro, nodes.CallBlock], frame: Frame
+    ) -> t.Tuple[Frame, MacroRef]:
+        """Dump the function def of a macro or call block."""
+        frame = frame.inner()
+        frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        macro_ref = MacroRef(node)
+
+        explicit_caller = None
+        skip_special_params = set()
+        args = []
+
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(node.args):
+            if arg.name == "caller":
+                explicit_caller = idx
+            if arg.name in ("kwargs", "varargs"):
+                skip_special_params.add(arg.name)
+            args.append(frame.symbols.ref(arg.name))
+
+        undeclared = find_undeclared(node.body, ("caller", "kwargs", "varargs"))
+
+        if "caller" in undeclared:
+            # In older Jinja versions there was a bug that allowed caller
+            # to retain the special behavior even if it was mentioned in
+            # the argument list.  However thankfully this was only really
+            # working if it was the last argument.  So we are explicitly
+            # checking this now and error out if it is anywhere else in
+            # the argument list.
+            if explicit_caller is not None:
+                try:
+                    node.defaults[explicit_caller - len(node.args)]
+                except IndexError:
+                    self.fail(
+                        "When defining macros or call blocks the "
+                        'special "caller" argument must be omitted '
+                        "or be given a default.",
+                        node.lineno,
+                    )
+            else:
+                args.append(frame.symbols.declare_parameter("caller"))
+            macro_ref.accesses_caller = True
+        if "kwargs" in undeclared and "kwargs" not in skip_special_params:
+            args.append(frame.symbols.declare_parameter("kwargs"))
+            macro_ref.accesses_kwargs = True
+        if "varargs" in undeclared and "varargs" not in skip_special_params:
+            args.append(frame.symbols.declare_parameter("varargs"))
+            macro_ref.accesses_varargs = True
+
+        # macros are delayed, they never require output checks
+        frame.require_output_check = False
+        frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.writeline(f"{self.func('macro')}({', '.join(args)}):", node)
+        self.indent()
+
+        self.buffer(frame)
+        self.enter_frame(frame)
+
+        self.push_parameter_definitions(frame)
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(node.args):
+            ref = frame.symbols.ref(arg.name)
+            self.writeline(f"if {ref} is missing:")
+            self.indent()
+            try:
+                default = node.defaults[idx - len(node.args)]
+            except IndexError:
+                self.writeline(
+                    f'{ref} = undefined("parameter {arg.name!r} was not provided",'
+                    f" name={arg.name!r})"
+                )
+            else:
+                self.writeline(f"{ref} = ")
+                self.visit(default, frame)
+            self.mark_parameter_stored(ref)
+            self.outdent()
+        self.pop_parameter_definitions()
+
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, frame)
+        self.return_buffer_contents(frame, force_unescaped=True)
+        self.leave_frame(frame, with_python_scope=True)
+        self.outdent()
+
+        return frame, macro_ref
+
+    def macro_def(self, macro_ref: MacroRef, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Dump the macro definition for the def created by macro_body."""
+        arg_tuple = ", ".join(repr(x.name) for x in macro_ref.node.args)
+        name = getattr(macro_ref.node, "name", None)
+        if len(macro_ref.node.args) == 1:
+            arg_tuple += ","
+        self.write(
+            f"Macro(environment, macro, {name!r}, ({arg_tuple}),"
+            f" {macro_ref.accesses_kwargs!r}, {macro_ref.accesses_varargs!r},"
+            f" {macro_ref.accesses_caller!r}, context.eval_ctx.autoescape)"
+        )
+
+    def position(self, node: nodes.Node) -> str:
+        """Return a human readable position for the node."""
+        rv = f"line {node.lineno}"
+        if self.name is not None:
+            rv = f"{rv} in {self.name!r}"
+        return rv
+
+    def dump_local_context(self, frame: Frame) -> str:
+        items_kv = ", ".join(
+            f"{name!r}: {target}"
+            for name, target in frame.symbols.dump_stores().items()
+        )
+        return f"{{{items_kv}}}"
+
+    def write_commons(self) -> None:
+        """Writes a common preamble that is used by root and block functions.
+        Primarily this sets up common local helpers and enforces a generator
+        through a dead branch.
+        """
+        self.writeline("resolve = context.resolve_or_missing")
+        self.writeline("undefined = environment.undefined")
+        self.writeline("concat = environment.concat")
+        # always use the standard Undefined class for the implicit else of
+        # conditional expressions
+        self.writeline("cond_expr_undefined = Undefined")
+        self.writeline("if 0: yield None")
+
+    def push_parameter_definitions(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Pushes all parameter targets from the given frame into a local
+        stack that permits tracking of yet to be assigned parameters.  In
+        particular this enables the optimization from `visit_Name` to skip
+        undefined expressions for parameters in macros as macros can reference
+        otherwise unbound parameters.
+        """
+        self._param_def_block.append(frame.symbols.dump_param_targets())
+
+    def pop_parameter_definitions(self) -> None:
+        """Pops the current parameter definitions set."""
+        self._param_def_block.pop()
+
+    def mark_parameter_stored(self, target: str) -> None:
+        """Marks a parameter in the current parameter definitions as stored.
+        This will skip the enforced undefined checks.
+        """
+        if self._param_def_block:
+            self._param_def_block[-1].discard(target)
+
+    def push_context_reference(self, target: str) -> None:
+        self._context_reference_stack.append(target)
+
+    def pop_context_reference(self) -> None:
+        self._context_reference_stack.pop()
+
+    def get_context_ref(self) -> str:
+        return self._context_reference_stack[-1]
+
+    def get_resolve_func(self) -> str:
+        target = self._context_reference_stack[-1]
+        if target == "context":
+            return "resolve"
+        return f"{target}.resolve"
+
+    def derive_context(self, frame: Frame) -> str:
+        return f"{self.get_context_ref()}.derived({self.dump_local_context(frame)})"
+
+    def parameter_is_undeclared(self, target: str) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a given target is an undeclared parameter."""
+        if not self._param_def_block:
+            return False
+        return target in self._param_def_block[-1]
+
+    def push_assign_tracking(self) -> None:
+        """Pushes a new layer for assignment tracking."""
+        self._assign_stack.append(set())
+
+    def pop_assign_tracking(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Pops the topmost level for assignment tracking and updates the
+        context variables if necessary.
+        """
+        vars = self._assign_stack.pop()
+        if (
+            not frame.block_frame
+            and not frame.loop_frame
+            and not frame.toplevel
+            or not vars
+        ):
+            return
+        public_names = [x for x in vars if x[:1] != "_"]
+        if len(vars) == 1:
+            name = next(iter(vars))
+            ref = frame.symbols.ref(name)
+            if frame.loop_frame:
+                self.writeline(f"_loop_vars[{name!r}] = {ref}")
+                return
+            if frame.block_frame:
+                self.writeline(f"_block_vars[{name!r}] = {ref}")
+                return
+            self.writeline(f"context.vars[{name!r}] = {ref}")
+        else:
+            if frame.loop_frame:
+                self.writeline("_loop_vars.update({")
+            elif frame.block_frame:
+                self.writeline("_block_vars.update({")
+            else:
+                self.writeline("context.vars.update({")
+            for idx, name in enumerate(sorted(vars)):
+                if idx:
+                    self.write(", ")
+                ref = frame.symbols.ref(name)
+                self.write(f"{name!r}: {ref}")
+            self.write("})")
+        if not frame.block_frame and not frame.loop_frame and public_names:
+            if len(public_names) == 1:
+                self.writeline(f"context.exported_vars.add({public_names[0]!r})")
+            else:
+                names_str = ", ".join(map(repr, sorted(public_names)))
+                self.writeline(f"context.exported_vars.update(({names_str}))")
+
+    # -- Statement Visitors
+
+    def visit_Template(
+        self, node: nodes.Template, frame: t.Optional[Frame] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        assert frame is None, "no root frame allowed"
+        eval_ctx = EvalContext(self.environment, self.name)
+
+        from .runtime import async_exported
+        from .runtime import exported
+
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            exported_names = sorted(exported + async_exported)
+        else:
+            exported_names = sorted(exported)
+
+        self.writeline("from jinja2.runtime import " + ", ".join(exported_names))
+
+        # if we want a deferred initialization we cannot move the
+        # environment into a local name
+        envenv = "" if self.defer_init else ", environment=environment"
+
+        # do we have an extends tag at all?  If not, we can save some
+        # overhead by just not processing any inheritance code.
+        have_extends = node.find(nodes.Extends) is not None
+
+        # find all blocks
+        for block in node.find_all(nodes.Block):
+            if block.name in self.blocks:
+                self.fail(f"block {block.name!r} defined twice", block.lineno)
+            self.blocks[block.name] = block
+
+        # find all imports and import them
+        for import_ in node.find_all(nodes.ImportedName):
+            if import_.importname not in self.import_aliases:
+                imp = import_.importname
+                self.import_aliases[imp] = alias = self.temporary_identifier()
+                if "." in imp:
+                    module, obj = imp.rsplit(".", 1)
+                    self.writeline(f"from {module} import {obj} as {alias}")
+                else:
+                    self.writeline(f"import {imp} as {alias}")
+
+        # add the load name
+        self.writeline(f"name = {self.name!r}")
+
+        # generate the root render function.
+        self.writeline(
+            f"{self.func('root')}(context, missing=missing{envenv}):", extra=1
+        )
+        self.indent()
+        self.write_commons()
+
+        # process the root
+        frame = Frame(eval_ctx)
+        if "self" in find_undeclared(node.body, ("self",)):
+            ref = frame.symbols.declare_parameter("self")
+            self.writeline(f"{ref} = TemplateReference(context)")
+        frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        frame.toplevel = frame.rootlevel = True
+        frame.require_output_check = have_extends and not self.has_known_extends
+        if have_extends:
+            self.writeline("parent_template = None")
+        self.enter_frame(frame)
+        self.pull_dependencies(node.body)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, frame)
+        self.leave_frame(frame, with_python_scope=True)
+        self.outdent()
+
+        # make sure that the parent root is called.
+        if have_extends:
+            if not self.has_known_extends:
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline("if parent_template is not None:")
+            self.indent()
+            if not self.environment.is_async:
+                self.writeline("yield from parent_template.root_render_func(context)")
+            else:
+                self.writeline("agen = parent_template.root_render_func(context)")
+                self.writeline("try:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline("async for event in agen:")
+                self.indent()
+                self.writeline("yield event")
+                self.outdent()
+                self.outdent()
+                self.writeline("finally: await agen.aclose()")
+            self.outdent(1 + (not self.has_known_extends))
+
+        # at this point we now have the blocks collected and can visit them too.
+        for name, block in self.blocks.items():
+            self.writeline(
+                f"{self.func('block_' + name)}(context, missing=missing{envenv}):",
+                block,
+                1,
+            )
+            self.indent()
+            self.write_commons()
+            # It's important that we do not make this frame a child of the
+            # toplevel template.  This would cause a variety of
+            # interesting issues with identifier tracking.
+            block_frame = Frame(eval_ctx)
+            block_frame.block_frame = True
+            undeclared = find_undeclared(block.body, ("self", "super"))
+            if "self" in undeclared:
+                ref = block_frame.symbols.declare_parameter("self")
+                self.writeline(f"{ref} = TemplateReference(context)")
+            if "super" in undeclared:
+                ref = block_frame.symbols.declare_parameter("super")
+                self.writeline(f"{ref} = context.super({name!r}, block_{name})")
+            block_frame.symbols.analyze_node(block)
+            block_frame.block = name
+            self.writeline("_block_vars = {}")
+            self.enter_frame(block_frame)
+            self.pull_dependencies(block.body)
+            self.blockvisit(block.body, block_frame)
+            self.leave_frame(block_frame, with_python_scope=True)
+            self.outdent()
+
+        blocks_kv_str = ", ".join(f"{x!r}: block_{x}" for x in self.blocks)
+        self.writeline(f"blocks = {{{blocks_kv_str}}}", extra=1)
+        debug_kv_str = "&".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in self.debug_info)
+        self.writeline(f"debug_info = {debug_kv_str!r}")
+
+    def visit_Block(self, node: nodes.Block, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Call a block and register it for the template."""
+        level = 0
+        if frame.toplevel:
+            # if we know that we are a child template, there is no need to
+            # check if we are one
+            if self.has_known_extends:
+                return
+            if self.extends_so_far > 0:
+                self.writeline("if parent_template is None:")
+                self.indent()
+                level += 1
+
+        if node.scoped:
+            context = self.derive_context(frame)
+        else:
+            context = self.get_context_ref()
+
+        if node.required:
+            self.writeline(f"if len(context.blocks[{node.name!r}]) <= 1:", node)
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline(
+                f'raise TemplateRuntimeError("Required block {node.name!r} not found")',
+                node,
+            )
+            self.outdent()
+
+        if not self.environment.is_async and frame.buffer is None:
+            self.writeline(
+                f"yield from context.blocks[{node.name!r}][0]({context})", node
+            )
+        else:
+            self.writeline(f"gen = context.blocks[{node.name!r}][0]({context})")
+            self.writeline("try:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline(
+                f"{self.choose_async()}for event in gen:",
+                node,
+            )
+            self.indent()
+            self.simple_write("event", frame)
+            self.outdent()
+            self.outdent()
+            self.writeline(
+                f"finally: {self.choose_async('await gen.aclose()', 'gen.close()')}"
+            )
+
+        self.outdent(level)
+
+    def visit_Extends(self, node: nodes.Extends, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Calls the extender."""
+        if not frame.toplevel:
+            self.fail("cannot use extend from a non top-level scope", node.lineno)
+
+        # if the number of extends statements in general is zero so
+        # far, we don't have to add a check if something extended
+        # the template before this one.
+        if self.extends_so_far > 0:
+            # if we have a known extends we just add a template runtime
+            # error into the generated code.  We could catch that at compile
+            # time too, but i welcome it not to confuse users by throwing the
+            # same error at different times just "because we can".
+            if not self.has_known_extends:
+                self.writeline("if parent_template is not None:")
+                self.indent()
+            self.writeline('raise TemplateRuntimeError("extended multiple times")')
+
+            # if we have a known extends already we don't need that code here
+            # as we know that the template execution will end here.
+            if self.has_known_extends:
+                raise CompilerExit()
+            else:
+                self.outdent()
+
+        self.writeline("parent_template = environment.get_template(", node)
+        self.visit(node.template, frame)
+        self.write(f", {self.name!r})")
+        self.writeline("for name, parent_block in parent_template.blocks.items():")
+        self.indent()
+        self.writeline("context.blocks.setdefault(name, []).append(parent_block)")
+        self.outdent()
+
+        # if this extends statement was in the root level we can take
+        # advantage of that information and simplify the generated code
+        # in the top level from this point onwards
+        if frame.rootlevel:
+            self.has_known_extends = True
+
+        # and now we have one more
+        self.extends_so_far += 1
+
+    def visit_Include(self, node: nodes.Include, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Handles includes."""
+        if node.ignore_missing:
+            self.writeline("try:")
+            self.indent()
+
+        func_name = "get_or_select_template"
+        if isinstance(node.template, nodes.Const):
+            if isinstance(node.template.value, str):
+                func_name = "get_template"
+            elif isinstance(node.template.value, (tuple, list)):
+                func_name = "select_template"
+        elif isinstance(node.template, (nodes.Tuple, nodes.List)):
+            func_name = "select_template"
+
+        self.writeline(f"template = environment.{func_name}(", node)
+        self.visit(node.template, frame)
+        self.write(f", {self.name!r})")
+        if node.ignore_missing:
+            self.outdent()
+            self.writeline("except TemplateNotFound:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline("pass")
+            self.outdent()
+            self.writeline("else:")
+            self.indent()
+
+        def loop_body() -> None:
+            self.indent()
+            self.simple_write("event", frame)
+            self.outdent()
+
+        if node.with_context:
+            self.writeline(
+                f"gen = template.root_render_func("
+                "template.new_context(context.get_all(), True,"
+                f" {self.dump_local_context(frame)}))"
+            )
+            self.writeline("try:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline(f"{self.choose_async()}for event in gen:")
+            loop_body()
+            self.outdent()
+            self.writeline(
+                f"finally: {self.choose_async('await gen.aclose()', 'gen.close()')}"
+            )
+        elif self.environment.is_async:
+            self.writeline(
+                "for event in (await template._get_default_module_async())"
+                "._body_stream:"
+            )
+            loop_body()
+        else:
+            self.writeline("yield from template._get_default_module()._body_stream")
+
+        if node.ignore_missing:
+            self.outdent()
+
+    def _import_common(
+        self, node: t.Union[nodes.Import, nodes.FromImport], frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write(f"{self.choose_async('await ')}environment.get_template(")
+        self.visit(node.template, frame)
+        self.write(f", {self.name!r}).")
+
+        if node.with_context:
+            f_name = f"make_module{self.choose_async('_async')}"
+            self.write(
+                f"{f_name}(context.get_all(), True, {self.dump_local_context(frame)})"
+            )
+        else:
+            self.write(f"_get_default_module{self.choose_async('_async')}(context)")
+
+    def visit_Import(self, node: nodes.Import, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Visit regular imports."""
+        self.writeline(f"{frame.symbols.ref(node.target)} = ", node)
+        if frame.toplevel:
+            self.write(f"context.vars[{node.target!r}] = ")
+
+        self._import_common(node, frame)
+
+        if frame.toplevel and not node.target.startswith("_"):
+            self.writeline(f"context.exported_vars.discard({node.target!r})")
+
+    def visit_FromImport(self, node: nodes.FromImport, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Visit named imports."""
+        self.newline(node)
+        self.write("included_template = ")
+        self._import_common(node, frame)
+        var_names = []
+        discarded_names = []
+        for name in node.names:
+            if isinstance(name, tuple):
+                name, alias = name
+            else:
+                alias = name
+            self.writeline(
+                f"{frame.symbols.ref(alias)} ="
+                f" getattr(included_template, {name!r}, missing)"
+            )
+            self.writeline(f"if {frame.symbols.ref(alias)} is missing:")
+            self.indent()
+            # The position will contain the template name, and will be formatted
+            # into a string that will be compiled into an f-string. Curly braces
+            # in the name must be replaced with escapes so that they will not be
+            # executed as part of the f-string.
+            position = self.position(node).replace("{", "{{").replace("}", "}}")
+            message = (
+                "the template {included_template.__name__!r}"
+                f" (imported on {position})"
+                f" does not export the requested name {name!r}"
+            )
+            self.writeline(
+                f"{frame.symbols.ref(alias)} = undefined(f{message!r}, name={name!r})"
+            )
+            self.outdent()
+            if frame.toplevel:
+                var_names.append(alias)
+                if not alias.startswith("_"):
+                    discarded_names.append(alias)
+
+        if var_names:
+            if len(var_names) == 1:
+                name = var_names[0]
+                self.writeline(f"context.vars[{name!r}] = {frame.symbols.ref(name)}")
+            else:
+                names_kv = ", ".join(
+                    f"{name!r}: {frame.symbols.ref(name)}" for name in var_names
+                )
+                self.writeline(f"context.vars.update({{{names_kv}}})")
+        if discarded_names:
+            if len(discarded_names) == 1:
+                self.writeline(f"context.exported_vars.discard({discarded_names[0]!r})")
+            else:
+                names_str = ", ".join(map(repr, discarded_names))
+                self.writeline(
+                    f"context.exported_vars.difference_update(({names_str}))"
+                )
+
+    def visit_For(self, node: nodes.For, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        loop_frame = frame.inner()
+        loop_frame.loop_frame = True
+        test_frame = frame.inner()
+        else_frame = frame.inner()
+
+        # try to figure out if we have an extended loop.  An extended loop
+        # is necessary if the loop is in recursive mode if the special loop
+        # variable is accessed in the body if the body is a scoped block.
+        extended_loop = (
+            node.recursive
+            or "loop"
+            in find_undeclared(node.iter_child_nodes(only=("body",)), ("loop",))
+            or any(block.scoped for block in node.find_all(nodes.Block))
+        )
+
+        loop_ref = None
+        if extended_loop:
+            loop_ref = loop_frame.symbols.declare_parameter("loop")
+
+        loop_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node, for_branch="body")
+        if node.else_:
+            else_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node, for_branch="else")
+
+        if node.test:
+            loop_filter_func = self.temporary_identifier()
+            test_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node, for_branch="test")
+            self.writeline(f"{self.func(loop_filter_func)}(fiter):", node.test)
+            self.indent()
+            self.enter_frame(test_frame)
+            self.writeline(self.choose_async("async for ", "for "))
+            self.visit(node.target, loop_frame)
+            self.write(" in ")
+            self.write(self.choose_async("auto_aiter(fiter)", "fiter"))
+            self.write(":")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline("if ", node.test)
+            self.visit(node.test, test_frame)
+            self.write(":")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline("yield ")
+            self.visit(node.target, loop_frame)
+            self.outdent(3)
+            self.leave_frame(test_frame, with_python_scope=True)
+
+        # if we don't have an recursive loop we have to find the shadowed
+        # variables at that point.  Because loops can be nested but the loop
+        # variable is a special one we have to enforce aliasing for it.
+        if node.recursive:
+            self.writeline(
+                f"{self.func('loop')}(reciter, loop_render_func, depth=0):", node
+            )
+            self.indent()
+            self.buffer(loop_frame)
+
+            # Use the same buffer for the else frame
+            else_frame.buffer = loop_frame.buffer
+
+        # make sure the loop variable is a special one and raise a template
+        # assertion error if a loop tries to write to loop
+        if extended_loop:
+            self.writeline(f"{loop_ref} = missing")
+
+        for name in node.find_all(nodes.Name):
+            if name.ctx == "store" and name.name == "loop":
+                self.fail(
+                    "Can't assign to special loop variable in for-loop target",
+                    name.lineno,
+                )
+
+        if node.else_:
+            iteration_indicator = self.temporary_identifier()
+            self.writeline(f"{iteration_indicator} = 1")
+
+        self.writeline(self.choose_async("async for ", "for "), node)
+        self.visit(node.target, loop_frame)
+        if extended_loop:
+            self.write(f", {loop_ref} in {self.choose_async('Async')}LoopContext(")
+        else:
+            self.write(" in ")
+
+        if node.test:
+            self.write(f"{loop_filter_func}(")
+        if node.recursive:
+            self.write("reciter")
+        else:
+            if self.environment.is_async and not extended_loop:
+                self.write("auto_aiter(")
+            self.visit(node.iter, frame)
+            if self.environment.is_async and not extended_loop:
+                self.write(")")
+        if node.test:
+            self.write(")")
+
+        if node.recursive:
+            self.write(", undefined, loop_render_func, depth):")
+        else:
+            self.write(", undefined):" if extended_loop else ":")
+
+        self.indent()
+        self.enter_frame(loop_frame)
+
+        self.writeline("_loop_vars = {}")
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, loop_frame)
+        if node.else_:
+            self.writeline(f"{iteration_indicator} = 0")
+        self.outdent()
+        self.leave_frame(
+            loop_frame, with_python_scope=node.recursive and not node.else_
+        )
+
+        if node.else_:
+            self.writeline(f"if {iteration_indicator}:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.enter_frame(else_frame)
+            self.blockvisit(node.else_, else_frame)
+            self.leave_frame(else_frame)
+            self.outdent()
+
+        # if the node was recursive we have to return the buffer contents
+        # and start the iteration code
+        if node.recursive:
+            self.return_buffer_contents(loop_frame)
+            self.outdent()
+            self.start_write(frame, node)
+            self.write(f"{self.choose_async('await ')}loop(")
+            if self.environment.is_async:
+                self.write("auto_aiter(")
+            self.visit(node.iter, frame)
+            if self.environment.is_async:
+                self.write(")")
+            self.write(", loop)")
+            self.end_write(frame)
+
+        # at the end of the iteration, clear any assignments made in the
+        # loop from the top level
+        if self._assign_stack:
+            self._assign_stack[-1].difference_update(loop_frame.symbols.stores)
+
+    def visit_If(self, node: nodes.If, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if_frame = frame.soft()
+        self.writeline("if ", node)
+        self.visit(node.test, if_frame)
+        self.write(":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, if_frame)
+        self.outdent()
+        for elif_ in node.elif_:
+            self.writeline("elif ", elif_)
+            self.visit(elif_.test, if_frame)
+            self.write(":")
+            self.indent()
+            self.blockvisit(elif_.body, if_frame)
+            self.outdent()
+        if node.else_:
+            self.writeline("else:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.blockvisit(node.else_, if_frame)
+            self.outdent()
+
+    def visit_Macro(self, node: nodes.Macro, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        macro_frame, macro_ref = self.macro_body(node, frame)
+        self.newline()
+        if frame.toplevel:
+            if not node.name.startswith("_"):
+                self.write(f"context.exported_vars.add({node.name!r})")
+            self.writeline(f"context.vars[{node.name!r}] = ")
+        self.write(f"{frame.symbols.ref(node.name)} = ")
+        self.macro_def(macro_ref, macro_frame)
+
+    def visit_CallBlock(self, node: nodes.CallBlock, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        call_frame, macro_ref = self.macro_body(node, frame)
+        self.writeline("caller = ")
+        self.macro_def(macro_ref, call_frame)
+        self.start_write(frame, node)
+        self.visit_Call(node.call, frame, forward_caller=True)
+        self.end_write(frame)
+
+    def visit_FilterBlock(self, node: nodes.FilterBlock, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        filter_frame = frame.inner()
+        filter_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.enter_frame(filter_frame)
+        self.buffer(filter_frame)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, filter_frame)
+        self.start_write(frame, node)
+        self.visit_Filter(node.filter, filter_frame)
+        self.end_write(frame)
+        self.leave_frame(filter_frame)
+
+    def visit_With(self, node: nodes.With, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        with_frame = frame.inner()
+        with_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.enter_frame(with_frame)
+        for target, expr in zip(node.targets, node.values):
+            self.newline()
+            self.visit(target, with_frame)
+            self.write(" = ")
+            self.visit(expr, frame)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, with_frame)
+        self.leave_frame(with_frame)
+
+    def visit_ExprStmt(self, node: nodes.ExprStmt, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.newline(node)
+        self.visit(node.node, frame)
+
+    class _FinalizeInfo(t.NamedTuple):
+        const: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., str]]
+        src: t.Optional[str]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _default_finalize(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """The default finalize function if the environment isn't
+        configured with one. Or, if the environment has one, this is
+        called on that function's output for constants.
+        """
+        return str(value)
+
+    _finalize: t.Optional[_FinalizeInfo] = None
+
+    def _make_finalize(self) -> _FinalizeInfo:
+        """Build the finalize function to be used on constants and at
+        runtime. Cached so it's only created once for all output nodes.
+
+        Returns a ``namedtuple`` with the following attributes:
+
+        ``const``
+            A function to finalize constant data at compile time.
+
+        ``src``
+            Source code to output around nodes to be evaluated at
+            runtime.
+        """
+        if self._finalize is not None:
+            return self._finalize
+
+        finalize: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]]
+        finalize = default = self._default_finalize
+        src = None
+
+        if self.environment.finalize:
+            src = "environment.finalize("
+            env_finalize = self.environment.finalize
+            pass_arg = {
+                _PassArg.context: "context",
+                _PassArg.eval_context: "context.eval_ctx",
+                _PassArg.environment: "environment",
+            }.get(
+                _PassArg.from_obj(env_finalize)  # type: ignore
+            )
+            finalize = None
+
+            if pass_arg is None:
+
+                def finalize(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # noqa: F811
+                    return default(env_finalize(value))
+
+            else:
+                src = f"{src}{pass_arg}, "
+
+                if pass_arg == "environment":
+
+                    def finalize(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # noqa: F811
+                        return default(env_finalize(self.environment, value))
+
+        self._finalize = self._FinalizeInfo(finalize, src)
+        return self._finalize
+
+    def _output_const_repr(self, group: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> str:
+        """Given a group of constant values converted from ``Output``
+        child nodes, produce a string to write to the template module
+        source.
+        """
+        return repr(concat(group))
+
+    def _output_child_to_const(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: _FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> str:
+        """Try to optimize a child of an ``Output`` node by trying to
+        convert it to constant, finalized data at compile time.
+
+        If :exc:`Impossible` is raised, the node is not constant and
+        will be evaluated at runtime. Any other exception will also be
+        evaluated at runtime for easier debugging.
+        """
+        const = node.as_const(frame.eval_ctx)
+
+        if frame.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            const = escape(const)
+
+        # Template data doesn't go through finalize.
+        if isinstance(node, nodes.TemplateData):
+            return str(const)
+
+        return finalize.const(const)  # type: ignore
+
+    def _output_child_pre(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: _FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> None:
+        """Output extra source code before visiting a child of an
+        ``Output`` node.
+        """
+        if frame.eval_ctx.volatile:
+            self.write("(escape if context.eval_ctx.autoescape else str)(")
+        elif frame.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            self.write("escape(")
+        else:
+            self.write("str(")
+
+        if finalize.src is not None:
+            self.write(finalize.src)
+
+    def _output_child_post(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: _FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> None:
+        """Output extra source code after visiting a child of an
+        ``Output`` node.
+        """
+        self.write(")")
+
+        if finalize.src is not None:
+            self.write(")")
+
+    def visit_Output(self, node: nodes.Output, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        # If an extends is active, don't render outside a block.
+        if frame.require_output_check:
+            # A top-level extends is known to exist at compile time.
+            if self.has_known_extends:
+                return
+
+            self.writeline("if parent_template is None:")
+            self.indent()
+
+        finalize = self._make_finalize()
+        body: t.List[t.Union[t.List[t.Any], nodes.Expr]] = []
+
+        # Evaluate constants at compile time if possible. Each item in
+        # body will be either a list of static data or a node to be
+        # evaluated at runtime.
+        for child in node.nodes:
+            try:
+                if not (
+                    # If the finalize function requires runtime context,
+                    # constants can't be evaluated at compile time.
+                    finalize.const
+                    # Unless it's basic template data that won't be
+                    # finalized anyway.
+                    or isinstance(child, nodes.TemplateData)
+                ):
+                    raise nodes.Impossible()
+
+                const = self._output_child_to_const(child, frame, finalize)
+            except (nodes.Impossible, Exception):
+                # The node was not constant and needs to be evaluated at
+                # runtime. Or another error was raised, which is easier
+                # to debug at runtime.
+                body.append(child)
+                continue
+
+            if body and isinstance(body[-1], list):
+                body[-1].append(const)
+            else:
+                body.append([const])
+
+        if frame.buffer is not None:
+            if len(body) == 1:
+                self.writeline(f"{frame.buffer}.append(")
+            else:
+                self.writeline(f"{frame.buffer}.extend((")
+
+            self.indent()
+
+        for item in body:
+            if isinstance(item, list):
+                # A group of constant data to join and output.
+                val = self._output_const_repr(item)
+
+                if frame.buffer is None:
+                    self.writeline("yield " + val)
+                else:
+                    self.writeline(val + ",")
+            else:
+                if frame.buffer is None:
+                    self.writeline("yield ", item)
+                else:
+                    self.newline(item)
+
+                # A node to be evaluated at runtime.
+                self._output_child_pre(item, frame, finalize)
+                self.visit(item, frame)
+                self._output_child_post(item, frame, finalize)
+
+                if frame.buffer is not None:
+                    self.write(",")
+
+        if frame.buffer is not None:
+            self.outdent()
+            self.writeline(")" if len(body) == 1 else "))")
+
+        if frame.require_output_check:
+            self.outdent()
+
+    def visit_Assign(self, node: nodes.Assign, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.push_assign_tracking()
+
+        # ``a.b`` is allowed for assignment, and is parsed as an NSRef. However,
+        # it is only valid if it references a Namespace object. Emit a check for
+        # that for each ref here, before assignment code is emitted. This can't
+        # be done in visit_NSRef as the ref could be in the middle of a tuple.
+        seen_refs: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+        for nsref in node.find_all(nodes.NSRef):
+            if nsref.name in seen_refs:
+                # Only emit the check for each reference once, in case the same
+                # ref is used multiple times in a tuple, `ns.a, ns.b = c, d`.
+                continue
+
+            seen_refs.add(nsref.name)
+            ref = frame.symbols.ref(nsref.name)
+            self.writeline(f"if not isinstance({ref}, Namespace):")
+            self.indent()
+            self.writeline(
+                "raise TemplateRuntimeError"
+                '("cannot assign attribute on non-namespace object")'
+            )
+            self.outdent()
+
+        self.newline(node)
+        self.visit(node.target, frame)
+        self.write(" = ")
+        self.visit(node.node, frame)
+        self.pop_assign_tracking(frame)
+
+    def visit_AssignBlock(self, node: nodes.AssignBlock, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.push_assign_tracking()
+        block_frame = frame.inner()
+        # This is a special case.  Since a set block always captures we
+        # will disable output checks.  This way one can use set blocks
+        # toplevel even in extended templates.
+        block_frame.require_output_check = False
+        block_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.enter_frame(block_frame)
+        self.buffer(block_frame)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, block_frame)
+        self.newline(node)
+        self.visit(node.target, frame)
+        self.write(" = (Markup if context.eval_ctx.autoescape else identity)(")
+        if node.filter is not None:
+            self.visit_Filter(node.filter, block_frame)
+        else:
+            self.write(f"concat({block_frame.buffer})")
+        self.write(")")
+        self.pop_assign_tracking(frame)
+        self.leave_frame(block_frame)
+
+    # -- Expression Visitors
+
+    def visit_Name(self, node: nodes.Name, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if node.ctx == "store" and (
+            frame.toplevel or frame.loop_frame or frame.block_frame
+        ):
+            if self._assign_stack:
+                self._assign_stack[-1].add(node.name)
+        ref = frame.symbols.ref(node.name)
+
+        # If we are looking up a variable we might have to deal with the
+        # case where it's undefined.  We can skip that case if the load
+        # instruction indicates a parameter which are always defined.
+        if node.ctx == "load":
+            load = frame.symbols.find_load(ref)
+            if not (
+                load is not None
+                and load[0] == VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER
+                and not self.parameter_is_undeclared(ref)
+            ):
+                self.write(
+                    f"(undefined(name={node.name!r}) if {ref} is missing else {ref})"
+                )
+                return
+
+        self.write(ref)
+
+    def visit_NSRef(self, node: nodes.NSRef, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        # NSRef is a dotted assignment target a.b=c, but uses a[b]=c internally.
+        # visit_Assign emits code to validate that each ref is to a Namespace
+        # object only. That can't be emitted here as the ref could be in the
+        # middle of a tuple assignment.
+        ref = frame.symbols.ref(node.name)
+        self.writeline(f"{ref}[{node.attr!r}]")
+
+    def visit_Const(self, node: nodes.Const, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        val = node.as_const(frame.eval_ctx)
+        if isinstance(val, float):
+            self.write(str(val))
+        else:
+            self.write(repr(val))
+
+    def visit_TemplateData(self, node: nodes.TemplateData, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.write(repr(node.as_const(frame.eval_ctx)))
+        except nodes.Impossible:
+            self.write(
+                f"(Markup if context.eval_ctx.autoescape else identity)({node.data!r})"
+            )
+
+    def visit_Tuple(self, node: nodes.Tuple, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write("(")
+        idx = -1
+        for idx, item in enumerate(node.items):
+            if idx:
+                self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(item, frame)
+        self.write(",)" if idx == 0 else ")")
+
+    def visit_List(self, node: nodes.List, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write("[")
+        for idx, item in enumerate(node.items):
+            if idx:
+                self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(item, frame)
+        self.write("]")
+
+    def visit_Dict(self, node: nodes.Dict, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write("{")
+        for idx, item in enumerate(node.items):
+            if idx:
+                self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(item.key, frame)
+            self.write(": ")
+            self.visit(item.value, frame)
+        self.write("}")
+
+    visit_Add = _make_binop("+")
+    visit_Sub = _make_binop("-")
+    visit_Mul = _make_binop("*")
+    visit_Div = _make_binop("/")
+    visit_FloorDiv = _make_binop("//")
+    visit_Pow = _make_binop("**")
+    visit_Mod = _make_binop("%")
+    visit_And = _make_binop("and")
+    visit_Or = _make_binop("or")
+    visit_Pos = _make_unop("+")
+    visit_Neg = _make_unop("-")
+    visit_Not = _make_unop("not ")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Concat(self, node: nodes.Concat, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if frame.eval_ctx.volatile:
+            func_name = "(markup_join if context.eval_ctx.volatile else str_join)"
+        elif frame.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            func_name = "markup_join"
+        else:
+            func_name = "str_join"
+        self.write(f"{func_name}((")
+        for arg in node.nodes:
+            self.visit(arg, frame)
+            self.write(", ")
+        self.write("))")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Compare(self, node: nodes.Compare, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write("(")
+        self.visit(node.expr, frame)
+        for op in node.ops:
+            self.visit(op, frame)
+        self.write(")")
+
+    def visit_Operand(self, node: nodes.Operand, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write(f" {operators[node.op]} ")
+        self.visit(node.expr, frame)
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Getattr(self, node: nodes.Getattr, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("(await auto_await(")
+
+        self.write("environment.getattr(")
+        self.visit(node.node, frame)
+        self.write(f", {node.attr!r})")
+
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("))")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Getitem(self, node: nodes.Getitem, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        # slices bypass the environment getitem method.
+        if isinstance(node.arg, nodes.Slice):
+            self.visit(node.node, frame)
+            self.write("[")
+            self.visit(node.arg, frame)
+            self.write("]")
+        else:
+            if self.environment.is_async:
+                self.write("(await auto_await(")
+
+            self.write("environment.getitem(")
+            self.visit(node.node, frame)
+            self.write(", ")
+            self.visit(node.arg, frame)
+            self.write(")")
+
+            if self.environment.is_async:
+                self.write("))")
+
+    def visit_Slice(self, node: nodes.Slice, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if node.start is not None:
+            self.visit(node.start, frame)
+        self.write(":")
+        if node.stop is not None:
+            self.visit(node.stop, frame)
+        if node.step is not None:
+            self.write(":")
+            self.visit(node.step, frame)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _filter_test_common(
+        self, node: t.Union[nodes.Filter, nodes.Test], frame: Frame, is_filter: bool
+    ) -> t.Iterator[None]:
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("(await auto_await(")
+
+        if is_filter:
+            self.write(f"{self.filters[node.name]}(")
+            func = self.environment.filters.get(node.name)
+        else:
+            self.write(f"{self.tests[node.name]}(")
+            func = self.environment.tests.get(node.name)
+
+        # When inside an If or CondExpr frame, allow the filter to be
+        # undefined at compile time and only raise an error if it's
+        # actually called at runtime. See pull_dependencies.
+        if func is None and not frame.soft_frame:
+            type_name = "filter" if is_filter else "test"
+            self.fail(f"No {type_name} named {node.name!r}.", node.lineno)
+
+        pass_arg = {
+            _PassArg.context: "context",
+            _PassArg.eval_context: "context.eval_ctx",
+            _PassArg.environment: "environment",
+        }.get(
+            _PassArg.from_obj(func)  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+        if pass_arg is not None:
+            self.write(f"{pass_arg}, ")
+
+        # Back to the visitor function to handle visiting the target of
+        # the filter or test.
+        yield
+
+        self.signature(node, frame)
+        self.write(")")
+
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("))")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Filter(self, node: nodes.Filter, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        with self._filter_test_common(node, frame, True):
+            # if the filter node is None we are inside a filter block
+            # and want to write to the current buffer
+            if node.node is not None:
+                self.visit(node.node, frame)
+            elif frame.eval_ctx.volatile:
+                self.write(
+                    f"(Markup(concat({frame.buffer}))"
+                    f" if context.eval_ctx.autoescape else concat({frame.buffer}))"
+                )
+            elif frame.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+                self.write(f"Markup(concat({frame.buffer}))")
+            else:
+                self.write(f"concat({frame.buffer})")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Test(self, node: nodes.Test, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        with self._filter_test_common(node, frame, False):
+            self.visit(node.node, frame)
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_CondExpr(self, node: nodes.CondExpr, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        frame = frame.soft()
+
+        def write_expr2() -> None:
+            if node.expr2 is not None:
+                self.visit(node.expr2, frame)
+                return
+
+            self.write(
+                f'cond_expr_undefined("the inline if-expression on'
+                f" {self.position(node)} evaluated to false and no else"
+                f' section was defined.")'
+            )
+
+        self.write("(")
+        self.visit(node.expr1, frame)
+        self.write(" if ")
+        self.visit(node.test, frame)
+        self.write(" else ")
+        write_expr2()
+        self.write(")")
+
+    @optimizeconst
+    def visit_Call(
+        self, node: nodes.Call, frame: Frame, forward_caller: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("(await auto_await(")
+        if self.environment.sandboxed:
+            self.write("environment.call(context, ")
+        else:
+            self.write("context.call(")
+        self.visit(node.node, frame)
+        extra_kwargs = {"caller": "caller"} if forward_caller else None
+        loop_kwargs = {"_loop_vars": "_loop_vars"} if frame.loop_frame else {}
+        block_kwargs = {"_block_vars": "_block_vars"} if frame.block_frame else {}
+        if extra_kwargs:
+            extra_kwargs.update(loop_kwargs, **block_kwargs)
+        elif loop_kwargs or block_kwargs:
+            extra_kwargs = dict(loop_kwargs, **block_kwargs)
+        self.signature(node, frame, extra_kwargs)
+        self.write(")")
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            self.write("))")
+
+    def visit_Keyword(self, node: nodes.Keyword, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write(node.key + "=")
+        self.visit(node.value, frame)
+
+    # -- Unused nodes for extensions
+
+    def visit_MarkSafe(self, node: nodes.MarkSafe, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write("Markup(")
+        self.visit(node.expr, frame)
+        self.write(")")
+
+    def visit_MarkSafeIfAutoescape(
+        self, node: nodes.MarkSafeIfAutoescape, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write("(Markup if context.eval_ctx.autoescape else identity)(")
+        self.visit(node.expr, frame)
+        self.write(")")
+
+    def visit_EnvironmentAttribute(
+        self, node: nodes.EnvironmentAttribute, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write("environment." + node.name)
+
+    def visit_ExtensionAttribute(
+        self, node: nodes.ExtensionAttribute, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write(f"environment.extensions[{node.identifier!r}].{node.name}")
+
+    def visit_ImportedName(self, node: nodes.ImportedName, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write(self.import_aliases[node.importname])
+
+    def visit_InternalName(self, node: nodes.InternalName, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.write(node.name)
+
+    def visit_ContextReference(
+        self, node: nodes.ContextReference, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write("context")
+
+    def visit_DerivedContextReference(
+        self, node: nodes.DerivedContextReference, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        self.write(self.derive_context(frame))
+
+    def visit_Continue(self, node: nodes.Continue, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.writeline("continue", node)
+
+    def visit_Break(self, node: nodes.Break, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        self.writeline("break", node)
+
+    def visit_Scope(self, node: nodes.Scope, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        scope_frame = frame.inner()
+        scope_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.enter_frame(scope_frame)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, scope_frame)
+        self.leave_frame(scope_frame)
+
+    def visit_OverlayScope(self, node: nodes.OverlayScope, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        ctx = self.temporary_identifier()
+        self.writeline(f"{ctx} = {self.derive_context(frame)}")
+        self.writeline(f"{ctx}.vars = ")
+        self.visit(node.context, frame)
+        self.push_context_reference(ctx)
+
+        scope_frame = frame.inner(isolated=True)
+        scope_frame.symbols.analyze_node(node)
+        self.enter_frame(scope_frame)
+        self.blockvisit(node.body, scope_frame)
+        self.leave_frame(scope_frame)
+        self.pop_context_reference()
+
+    def visit_EvalContextModifier(
+        self, node: nodes.EvalContextModifier, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        for keyword in node.options:
+            self.writeline(f"context.eval_ctx.{keyword.key} = ")
+            self.visit(keyword.value, frame)
+            try:
+                val = keyword.value.as_const(frame.eval_ctx)
+            except nodes.Impossible:
+                frame.eval_ctx.volatile = True
+            else:
+                setattr(frame.eval_ctx, keyword.key, val)
+
+    def visit_ScopedEvalContextModifier(
+        self, node: nodes.ScopedEvalContextModifier, frame: Frame
+    ) -> None:
+        old_ctx_name = self.temporary_identifier()
+        saved_ctx = frame.eval_ctx.save()
+        self.writeline(f"{old_ctx_name} = context.eval_ctx.save()")
+        self.visit_EvalContextModifier(node, frame)
+        for child in node.body:
+            self.visit(child, frame)
+        frame.eval_ctx.revert(saved_ctx)
+        self.writeline(f"context.eval_ctx.revert({old_ctx_name})")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/constants.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41a1c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#: list of lorem ipsum words used by the lipsum() helper function
+LOREM_IPSUM_WORDS = """\
+a ac accumsan ad adipiscing aenean aliquam aliquet amet ante aptent arcu at
+auctor augue bibendum blandit class commodo condimentum congue consectetuer
+consequat conubia convallis cras cubilia cum curabitur curae cursus dapibus
+diam dictum dictumst dignissim dis dolor donec dui duis egestas eget eleifend
+elementum elit enim erat eros est et etiam eu euismod facilisi facilisis fames
+faucibus felis fermentum feugiat fringilla fusce gravida habitant habitasse hac
+hendrerit hymenaeos iaculis id imperdiet in inceptos integer interdum ipsum
+justo lacinia lacus laoreet lectus leo libero ligula litora lobortis lorem
+luctus maecenas magna magnis malesuada massa mattis mauris metus mi molestie
+mollis montes morbi mus nam nascetur natoque nec neque netus nibh nisi nisl non
+nonummy nostra nulla nullam nunc odio orci ornare parturient pede pellentesque
+penatibus per pharetra phasellus placerat platea porta porttitor posuere
+potenti praesent pretium primis proin pulvinar purus quam quis quisque rhoncus
+ridiculus risus rutrum sagittis sapien scelerisque sed sem semper senectus sit
+sociis sociosqu sodales sollicitudin suscipit suspendisse taciti tellus tempor
+tempus tincidunt torquent tortor tristique turpis ullamcorper ultrices
+ultricies urna ut varius vehicula vel velit venenatis vestibulum vitae vivamus
+viverra volutpat vulputate"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/debug.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeeeee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from types import CodeType
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
+from .utils import internal_code
+from .utils import missing
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .runtime import Context
+
+
+def rewrite_traceback_stack(source: t.Optional[str] = None) -> BaseException:
+    """Rewrite the current exception to replace any tracebacks from
+    within compiled template code with tracebacks that look like they
+    came from the template source.
+
+    This must be called within an ``except`` block.
+
+    :param source: For ``TemplateSyntaxError``, the original source if
+        known.
+    :return: The original exception with the rewritten traceback.
+    """
+    _, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+    exc_value = t.cast(BaseException, exc_value)
+    tb = t.cast(TracebackType, tb)
+
+    if isinstance(exc_value, TemplateSyntaxError) and not exc_value.translated:
+        exc_value.translated = True
+        exc_value.source = source
+        # Remove the old traceback, otherwise the frames from the
+        # compiler still show up.
+        exc_value.with_traceback(None)
+        # Outside of runtime, so the frame isn't executing template
+        # code, but it still needs to point at the template.
+        tb = fake_traceback(
+            exc_value, None, exc_value.filename or "<unknown>", exc_value.lineno
+        )
+    else:
+        # Skip the frame for the render function.
+        tb = tb.tb_next
+
+    stack = []
+
+    # Build the stack of traceback object, replacing any in template
+    # code with the source file and line information.
+    while tb is not None:
+        # Skip frames decorated with @internalcode. These are internal
+        # calls that aren't useful in template debugging output.
+        if tb.tb_frame.f_code in internal_code:
+            tb = tb.tb_next
+            continue
+
+        template = tb.tb_frame.f_globals.get("__jinja_template__")
+
+        if template is not None:
+            lineno = template.get_corresponding_lineno(tb.tb_lineno)
+            fake_tb = fake_traceback(exc_value, tb, template.filename, lineno)
+            stack.append(fake_tb)
+        else:
+            stack.append(tb)
+
+        tb = tb.tb_next
+
+    tb_next = None
+
+    # Assign tb_next in reverse to avoid circular references.
+    for tb in reversed(stack):
+        tb.tb_next = tb_next
+        tb_next = tb
+
+    return exc_value.with_traceback(tb_next)
+
+
+def fake_traceback(  # type: ignore
+    exc_value: BaseException, tb: t.Optional[TracebackType], filename: str, lineno: int
+) -> TracebackType:
+    """Produce a new traceback object that looks like it came from the
+    template source instead of the compiled code. The filename, line
+    number, and location name will point to the template, and the local
+    variables will be the current template context.
+
+    :param exc_value: The original exception to be re-raised to create
+        the new traceback.
+    :param tb: The original traceback to get the local variables and
+        code info from.
+    :param filename: The template filename.
+    :param lineno: The line number in the template source.
+    """
+    if tb is not None:
+        # Replace the real locals with the context that would be
+        # available at that point in the template.
+        locals = get_template_locals(tb.tb_frame.f_locals)
+        locals.pop("__jinja_exception__", None)
+    else:
+        locals = {}
+
+    globals = {
+        "__name__": filename,
+        "__file__": filename,
+        "__jinja_exception__": exc_value,
+    }
+    # Raise an exception at the correct line number.
+    code: CodeType = compile(
+        "\n" * (lineno - 1) + "raise __jinja_exception__", filename, "exec"
+    )
+
+    # Build a new code object that points to the template file and
+    # replaces the location with a block name.
+    location = "template"
+
+    if tb is not None:
+        function = tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name
+
+        if function == "root":
+            location = "top-level template code"
+        elif function.startswith("block_"):
+            location = f"block {function[6:]!r}"
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        code = code.replace(co_name=location)
+    else:
+        code = CodeType(
+            code.co_argcount,
+            code.co_kwonlyargcount,
+            code.co_nlocals,
+            code.co_stacksize,
+            code.co_flags,
+            code.co_code,
+            code.co_consts,
+            code.co_names,
+            code.co_varnames,
+            code.co_filename,
+            location,
+            code.co_firstlineno,
+            code.co_lnotab,
+            code.co_freevars,
+            code.co_cellvars,
+        )
+
+    # Execute the new code, which is guaranteed to raise, and return
+    # the new traceback without this frame.
+    try:
+        exec(code, globals, locals)
+    except BaseException:
+        return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next  # type: ignore
+
+
+def get_template_locals(real_locals: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+    """Based on the runtime locals, get the context that would be
+    available at that point in the template.
+    """
+    # Start with the current template context.
+    ctx: t.Optional[Context] = real_locals.get("context")
+
+    if ctx is not None:
+        data: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = ctx.get_all().copy()
+    else:
+        data = {}
+
+    # Might be in a derived context that only sets local variables
+    # rather than pushing a context. Local variables follow the scheme
+    # l_depth_name. Find the highest-depth local that has a value for
+    # each name.
+    local_overrides: t.Dict[str, t.Tuple[int, t.Any]] = {}
+
+    for name, value in real_locals.items():
+        if not name.startswith("l_") or value is missing:
+            # Not a template variable, or no longer relevant.
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            _, depth_str, name = name.split("_", 2)
+            depth = int(depth_str)
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+
+        cur_depth = local_overrides.get(name, (-1,))[0]
+
+        if cur_depth < depth:
+            local_overrides[name] = (depth, value)
+
+    # Modify the context with any derived context.
+    for name, (_, value) in local_overrides.items():
+        if value is missing:
+            data.pop(name, None)
+        else:
+            data[name] = value
+
+    return data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/defaults.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638cad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import typing as t
+
+from .filters import FILTERS as DEFAULT_FILTERS  # noqa: F401
+from .tests import TESTS as DEFAULT_TESTS  # noqa: F401
+from .utils import Cycler
+from .utils import generate_lorem_ipsum
+from .utils import Joiner
+from .utils import Namespace
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+# defaults for the parser / lexer
+BLOCK_START_STRING = "{%"
+BLOCK_END_STRING = "%}"
+VARIABLE_START_STRING = "{{"
+VARIABLE_END_STRING = "}}"
+COMMENT_START_STRING = "{#"
+COMMENT_END_STRING = "#}"
+LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX: t.Optional[str] = None
+LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX: t.Optional[str] = None
+TRIM_BLOCKS = False
+LSTRIP_BLOCKS = False
+NEWLINE_SEQUENCE: "te.Literal['\\n', '\\r\\n', '\\r']" = "\n"
+KEEP_TRAILING_NEWLINE = False
+
+# default filters, tests and namespace
+
+DEFAULT_NAMESPACE = {
+    "range": range,
+    "dict": dict,
+    "lipsum": generate_lorem_ipsum,
+    "cycler": Cycler,
+    "joiner": Joiner,
+    "namespace": Namespace,
+}
+
+# default policies
+DEFAULT_POLICIES: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {
+    "compiler.ascii_str": True,
+    "urlize.rel": "noopener",
+    "urlize.target": None,
+    "urlize.extra_schemes": None,
+    "truncate.leeway": 5,
+    "json.dumps_function": None,
+    "json.dumps_kwargs": {"sort_keys": True},
+    "ext.i18n.trimmed": False,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fc6e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1672 @@
+"""Classes for managing templates and their runtime and compile time
+options.
+"""
+
+import os
+import typing
+import typing as t
+import weakref
+from collections import ChainMap
+from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import partial
+from functools import reduce
+from types import CodeType
+
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from . import nodes
+from .compiler import CodeGenerator
+from .compiler import generate
+from .defaults import BLOCK_END_STRING
+from .defaults import BLOCK_START_STRING
+from .defaults import COMMENT_END_STRING
+from .defaults import COMMENT_START_STRING
+from .defaults import DEFAULT_FILTERS  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from .defaults import DEFAULT_NAMESPACE
+from .defaults import DEFAULT_POLICIES
+from .defaults import DEFAULT_TESTS  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from .defaults import KEEP_TRAILING_NEWLINE
+from .defaults import LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX
+from .defaults import LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX
+from .defaults import LSTRIP_BLOCKS
+from .defaults import NEWLINE_SEQUENCE
+from .defaults import TRIM_BLOCKS
+from .defaults import VARIABLE_END_STRING
+from .defaults import VARIABLE_START_STRING
+from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound
+from .exceptions import TemplateRuntimeError
+from .exceptions import TemplatesNotFound
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
+from .exceptions import UndefinedError
+from .lexer import get_lexer
+from .lexer import Lexer
+from .lexer import TokenStream
+from .nodes import EvalContext
+from .parser import Parser
+from .runtime import Context
+from .runtime import new_context
+from .runtime import Undefined
+from .utils import _PassArg
+from .utils import concat
+from .utils import consume
+from .utils import import_string
+from .utils import internalcode
+from .utils import LRUCache
+from .utils import missing
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .bccache import BytecodeCache
+    from .ext import Extension
+    from .loaders import BaseLoader
+
+_env_bound = t.TypeVar("_env_bound", bound="Environment")
+
+
+# for direct template usage we have up to ten living environments
+@lru_cache(maxsize=10)
+def get_spontaneous_environment(cls: t.Type[_env_bound], *args: t.Any) -> _env_bound:
+    """Return a new spontaneous environment. A spontaneous environment
+    is used for templates created directly rather than through an
+    existing environment.
+
+    :param cls: Environment class to create.
+    :param args: Positional arguments passed to environment.
+    """
+    env = cls(*args)
+    env.shared = True
+    return env
+
+
+def create_cache(
+    size: int,
+) -> t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[t.Tuple["weakref.ref[t.Any]", str], "Template"]]:
+    """Return the cache class for the given size."""
+    if size == 0:
+        return None
+
+    if size < 0:
+        return {}
+
+    return LRUCache(size)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def copy_cache(
+    cache: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[t.Any, t.Any]],
+) -> t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[t.Tuple["weakref.ref[t.Any]", str], "Template"]]:
+    """Create an empty copy of the given cache."""
+    if cache is None:
+        return None
+
+    if type(cache) is dict:  # noqa E721
+        return {}
+
+    return LRUCache(cache.capacity)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def load_extensions(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    extensions: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, t.Type["Extension"]]],
+) -> t.Dict[str, "Extension"]:
+    """Load the extensions from the list and bind it to the environment.
+    Returns a dict of instantiated extensions.
+    """
+    result = {}
+
+    for extension in extensions:
+        if isinstance(extension, str):
+            extension = t.cast(t.Type["Extension"], import_string(extension))
+
+        result[extension.identifier] = extension(environment)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _environment_config_check(environment: _env_bound) -> _env_bound:
+    """Perform a sanity check on the environment."""
+    assert issubclass(
+        environment.undefined, Undefined
+    ), "'undefined' must be a subclass of 'jinja2.Undefined'."
+    assert (
+        environment.block_start_string
+        != environment.variable_start_string
+        != environment.comment_start_string
+    ), "block, variable and comment start strings must be different."
+    assert environment.newline_sequence in {
+        "\r",
+        "\r\n",
+        "\n",
+    }, "'newline_sequence' must be one of '\\n', '\\r\\n', or '\\r'."
+    return environment
+
+
+class Environment:
+    r"""The core component of Jinja is the `Environment`.  It contains
+    important shared variables like configuration, filters, tests,
+    globals and others.  Instances of this class may be modified if
+    they are not shared and if no template was loaded so far.
+    Modifications on environments after the first template was loaded
+    will lead to surprising effects and undefined behavior.
+
+    Here are the possible initialization parameters:
+
+        `block_start_string`
+            The string marking the beginning of a block.  Defaults to ``'{%'``.
+
+        `block_end_string`
+            The string marking the end of a block.  Defaults to ``'%}'``.
+
+        `variable_start_string`
+            The string marking the beginning of a print statement.
+            Defaults to ``'{{'``.
+
+        `variable_end_string`
+            The string marking the end of a print statement.  Defaults to
+            ``'}}'``.
+
+        `comment_start_string`
+            The string marking the beginning of a comment.  Defaults to ``'{#'``.
+
+        `comment_end_string`
+            The string marking the end of a comment.  Defaults to ``'#}'``.
+
+        `line_statement_prefix`
+            If given and a string, this will be used as prefix for line based
+            statements.  See also :ref:`line-statements`.
+
+        `line_comment_prefix`
+            If given and a string, this will be used as prefix for line based
+            comments.  See also :ref:`line-statements`.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 2.2
+
+        `trim_blocks`
+            If this is set to ``True`` the first newline after a block is
+            removed (block, not variable tag!).  Defaults to `False`.
+
+        `lstrip_blocks`
+            If this is set to ``True`` leading spaces and tabs are stripped
+            from the start of a line to a block.  Defaults to `False`.
+
+        `newline_sequence`
+            The sequence that starts a newline.  Must be one of ``'\r'``,
+            ``'\n'`` or ``'\r\n'``.  The default is ``'\n'`` which is a
+            useful default for Linux and OS X systems as well as web
+            applications.
+
+        `keep_trailing_newline`
+            Preserve the trailing newline when rendering templates.
+            The default is ``False``, which causes a single newline,
+            if present, to be stripped from the end of the template.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 2.7
+
+        `extensions`
+            List of Jinja extensions to use.  This can either be import paths
+            as strings or extension classes.  For more information have a
+            look at :ref:`the extensions documentation <jinja-extensions>`.
+
+        `optimized`
+            should the optimizer be enabled?  Default is ``True``.
+
+        `undefined`
+            :class:`Undefined` or a subclass of it that is used to represent
+            undefined values in the template.
+
+        `finalize`
+            A callable that can be used to process the result of a variable
+            expression before it is output.  For example one can convert
+            ``None`` implicitly into an empty string here.
+
+        `autoescape`
+            If set to ``True`` the XML/HTML autoescaping feature is enabled by
+            default.  For more details about autoescaping see
+            :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`.  As of Jinja 2.4 this can also
+            be a callable that is passed the template name and has to
+            return ``True`` or ``False`` depending on autoescape should be
+            enabled by default.
+
+            .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+               `autoescape` can now be a function
+
+        `loader`
+            The template loader for this environment.
+
+        `cache_size`
+            The size of the cache.  Per default this is ``400`` which means
+            that if more than 400 templates are loaded the loader will clean
+            out the least recently used template.  If the cache size is set to
+            ``0`` templates are recompiled all the time, if the cache size is
+            ``-1`` the cache will not be cleaned.
+
+            .. versionchanged:: 2.8
+               The cache size was increased to 400 from a low 50.
+
+        `auto_reload`
+            Some loaders load templates from locations where the template
+            sources may change (ie: file system or database).  If
+            ``auto_reload`` is set to ``True`` (default) every time a template is
+            requested the loader checks if the source changed and if yes, it
+            will reload the template.  For higher performance it's possible to
+            disable that.
+
+        `bytecode_cache`
+            If set to a bytecode cache object, this object will provide a
+            cache for the internal Jinja bytecode so that templates don't
+            have to be parsed if they were not changed.
+
+            See :ref:`bytecode-cache` for more information.
+
+        `enable_async`
+            If set to true this enables async template execution which
+            allows using async functions and generators.
+    """
+
+    #: if this environment is sandboxed.  Modifying this variable won't make
+    #: the environment sandboxed though.  For a real sandboxed environment
+    #: have a look at jinja2.sandbox.  This flag alone controls the code
+    #: generation by the compiler.
+    sandboxed = False
+
+    #: True if the environment is just an overlay
+    overlayed = False
+
+    #: the environment this environment is linked to if it is an overlay
+    linked_to: t.Optional["Environment"] = None
+
+    #: shared environments have this set to `True`.  A shared environment
+    #: must not be modified
+    shared = False
+
+    #: the class that is used for code generation.  See
+    #: :class:`~jinja2.compiler.CodeGenerator` for more information.
+    code_generator_class: t.Type["CodeGenerator"] = CodeGenerator
+
+    concat = "".join
+
+    #: the context class that is used for templates.  See
+    #: :class:`~jinja2.runtime.Context` for more information.
+    context_class: t.Type[Context] = Context
+
+    template_class: t.Type["Template"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        block_start_string: str = BLOCK_START_STRING,
+        block_end_string: str = BLOCK_END_STRING,
+        variable_start_string: str = VARIABLE_START_STRING,
+        variable_end_string: str = VARIABLE_END_STRING,
+        comment_start_string: str = COMMENT_START_STRING,
+        comment_end_string: str = COMMENT_END_STRING,
+        line_statement_prefix: t.Optional[str] = LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX,
+        line_comment_prefix: t.Optional[str] = LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX,
+        trim_blocks: bool = TRIM_BLOCKS,
+        lstrip_blocks: bool = LSTRIP_BLOCKS,
+        newline_sequence: "te.Literal['\\n', '\\r\\n', '\\r']" = NEWLINE_SEQUENCE,
+        keep_trailing_newline: bool = KEEP_TRAILING_NEWLINE,
+        extensions: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, t.Type["Extension"]]] = (),
+        optimized: bool = True,
+        undefined: t.Type[Undefined] = Undefined,
+        finalize: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
+        autoescape: t.Union[bool, t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], bool]] = False,
+        loader: t.Optional["BaseLoader"] = None,
+        cache_size: int = 400,
+        auto_reload: bool = True,
+        bytecode_cache: t.Optional["BytecodeCache"] = None,
+        enable_async: bool = False,
+    ):
+        # !!Important notice!!
+        #   The constructor accepts quite a few arguments that should be
+        #   passed by keyword rather than position.  However it's important to
+        #   not change the order of arguments because it's used at least
+        #   internally in those cases:
+        #       -   spontaneous environments (i18n extension and Template)
+        #       -   unittests
+        #   If parameter changes are required only add parameters at the end
+        #   and don't change the arguments (or the defaults!) of the arguments
+        #   existing already.
+
+        # lexer / parser information
+        self.block_start_string = block_start_string
+        self.block_end_string = block_end_string
+        self.variable_start_string = variable_start_string
+        self.variable_end_string = variable_end_string
+        self.comment_start_string = comment_start_string
+        self.comment_end_string = comment_end_string
+        self.line_statement_prefix = line_statement_prefix
+        self.line_comment_prefix = line_comment_prefix
+        self.trim_blocks = trim_blocks
+        self.lstrip_blocks = lstrip_blocks
+        self.newline_sequence = newline_sequence
+        self.keep_trailing_newline = keep_trailing_newline
+
+        # runtime information
+        self.undefined: t.Type[Undefined] = undefined
+        self.optimized = optimized
+        self.finalize = finalize
+        self.autoescape = autoescape
+
+        # defaults
+        self.filters = DEFAULT_FILTERS.copy()
+        self.tests = DEFAULT_TESTS.copy()
+        self.globals = DEFAULT_NAMESPACE.copy()
+
+        # set the loader provided
+        self.loader = loader
+        self.cache = create_cache(cache_size)
+        self.bytecode_cache = bytecode_cache
+        self.auto_reload = auto_reload
+
+        # configurable policies
+        self.policies = DEFAULT_POLICIES.copy()
+
+        # load extensions
+        self.extensions = load_extensions(self, extensions)
+
+        self.is_async = enable_async
+        _environment_config_check(self)
+
+    def add_extension(self, extension: t.Union[str, t.Type["Extension"]]) -> None:
+        """Adds an extension after the environment was created.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5
+        """
+        self.extensions.update(load_extensions(self, [extension]))
+
+    def extend(self, **attributes: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Add the items to the instance of the environment if they do not exist
+        yet.  This is used by :ref:`extensions <writing-extensions>` to register
+        callbacks and configuration values without breaking inheritance.
+        """
+        for key, value in attributes.items():
+            if not hasattr(self, key):
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+
+    def overlay(
+        self,
+        block_start_string: str = missing,
+        block_end_string: str = missing,
+        variable_start_string: str = missing,
+        variable_end_string: str = missing,
+        comment_start_string: str = missing,
+        comment_end_string: str = missing,
+        line_statement_prefix: t.Optional[str] = missing,
+        line_comment_prefix: t.Optional[str] = missing,
+        trim_blocks: bool = missing,
+        lstrip_blocks: bool = missing,
+        newline_sequence: "te.Literal['\\n', '\\r\\n', '\\r']" = missing,
+        keep_trailing_newline: bool = missing,
+        extensions: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, t.Type["Extension"]]] = missing,
+        optimized: bool = missing,
+        undefined: t.Type[Undefined] = missing,
+        finalize: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = missing,
+        autoescape: t.Union[bool, t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], bool]] = missing,
+        loader: t.Optional["BaseLoader"] = missing,
+        cache_size: int = missing,
+        auto_reload: bool = missing,
+        bytecode_cache: t.Optional["BytecodeCache"] = missing,
+        enable_async: bool = missing,
+    ) -> "te.Self":
+        """Create a new overlay environment that shares all the data with the
+        current environment except for cache and the overridden attributes.
+        Extensions cannot be removed for an overlayed environment.  An overlayed
+        environment automatically gets all the extensions of the environment it
+        is linked to plus optional extra extensions.
+
+        Creating overlays should happen after the initial environment was set
+        up completely.  Not all attributes are truly linked, some are just
+        copied over so modifications on the original environment may not shine
+        through.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1.5
+            ``enable_async`` is applied correctly.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1.2
+            Added the ``newline_sequence``, ``keep_trailing_newline``,
+            and ``enable_async`` parameters to match ``__init__``.
+        """
+        args = dict(locals())
+        del args["self"], args["cache_size"], args["extensions"], args["enable_async"]
+
+        rv = object.__new__(self.__class__)
+        rv.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
+        rv.overlayed = True
+        rv.linked_to = self
+
+        for key, value in args.items():
+            if value is not missing:
+                setattr(rv, key, value)
+
+        if cache_size is not missing:
+            rv.cache = create_cache(cache_size)
+        else:
+            rv.cache = copy_cache(self.cache)
+
+        rv.extensions = {}
+        for key, value in self.extensions.items():
+            rv.extensions[key] = value.bind(rv)
+        if extensions is not missing:
+            rv.extensions.update(load_extensions(rv, extensions))
+
+        if enable_async is not missing:
+            rv.is_async = enable_async
+
+        return _environment_config_check(rv)
+
+    @property
+    def lexer(self) -> Lexer:
+        """The lexer for this environment."""
+        return get_lexer(self)
+
+    def iter_extensions(self) -> t.Iterator["Extension"]:
+        """Iterates over the extensions by priority."""
+        return iter(sorted(self.extensions.values(), key=lambda x: x.priority))
+
+    def getitem(
+        self, obj: t.Any, argument: t.Union[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Any, Undefined]:
+        """Get an item or attribute of an object but prefer the item."""
+        try:
+            return obj[argument]
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError, LookupError):
+            if isinstance(argument, str):
+                try:
+                    attr = str(argument)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        return getattr(obj, attr)
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+            return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=argument)
+
+    def getattr(self, obj: t.Any, attribute: str) -> t.Any:
+        """Get an item or attribute of an object but prefer the attribute.
+        Unlike :meth:`getitem` the attribute *must* be a string.
+        """
+        try:
+            return getattr(obj, attribute)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            return obj[attribute]
+        except (TypeError, LookupError, AttributeError):
+            return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=attribute)
+
+    def _filter_test_common(
+        self,
+        name: t.Union[str, Undefined],
+        value: t.Any,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[t.Any]],
+        kwargs: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]],
+        context: t.Optional[Context],
+        eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext],
+        is_filter: bool,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        if is_filter:
+            env_map = self.filters
+            type_name = "filter"
+        else:
+            env_map = self.tests
+            type_name = "test"
+
+        func = env_map.get(name)  # type: ignore
+
+        if func is None:
+            msg = f"No {type_name} named {name!r}."
+
+            if isinstance(name, Undefined):
+                try:
+                    name._fail_with_undefined_error()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = f"{msg} ({e}; did you forget to quote the callable name?)"
+
+            raise TemplateRuntimeError(msg)
+
+        args = [value, *(args if args is not None else ())]
+        kwargs = kwargs if kwargs is not None else {}
+        pass_arg = _PassArg.from_obj(func)
+
+        if pass_arg is _PassArg.context:
+            if context is None:
+                raise TemplateRuntimeError(
+                    f"Attempted to invoke a context {type_name} without context."
+                )
+
+            args.insert(0, context)
+        elif pass_arg is _PassArg.eval_context:
+            if eval_ctx is None:
+                if context is not None:
+                    eval_ctx = context.eval_ctx
+                else:
+                    eval_ctx = EvalContext(self)
+
+            args.insert(0, eval_ctx)
+        elif pass_arg is _PassArg.environment:
+            args.insert(0, self)
+
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def call_filter(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        value: t.Any,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[t.Any]] = None,
+        kwargs: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        context: t.Optional[Context] = None,
+        eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Invoke a filter on a value the same way the compiler does.
+
+        This might return a coroutine if the filter is running from an
+        environment in async mode and the filter supports async
+        execution. It's your responsibility to await this if needed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.7
+        """
+        return self._filter_test_common(
+            name, value, args, kwargs, context, eval_ctx, True
+        )
+
+    def call_test(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        value: t.Any,
+        args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[t.Any]] = None,
+        kwargs: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        context: t.Optional[Context] = None,
+        eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Invoke a test on a value the same way the compiler does.
+
+        This might return a coroutine if the test is running from an
+        environment in async mode and the test supports async execution.
+        It's your responsibility to await this if needed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Tests support ``@pass_context``, etc. decorators. Added
+            the ``context`` and ``eval_ctx`` parameters.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.7
+        """
+        return self._filter_test_common(
+            name, value, args, kwargs, context, eval_ctx, False
+        )
+
+    @internalcode
+    def parse(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> nodes.Template:
+        """Parse the sourcecode and return the abstract syntax tree.  This
+        tree of nodes is used by the compiler to convert the template into
+        executable source- or bytecode.  This is useful for debugging or to
+        extract information from templates.
+
+        If you are :ref:`developing Jinja extensions <writing-extensions>`
+        this gives you a good overview of the node tree generated.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._parse(source, name, filename)
+        except TemplateSyntaxError:
+            self.handle_exception(source=source)
+
+    def _parse(
+        self, source: str, name: t.Optional[str], filename: t.Optional[str]
+    ) -> nodes.Template:
+        """Internal parsing function used by `parse` and `compile`."""
+        return Parser(self, source, name, filename).parse()
+
+    def lex(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[int, str, str]]:
+        """Lex the given sourcecode and return a generator that yields
+        tokens as tuples in the form ``(lineno, token_type, value)``.
+        This can be useful for :ref:`extension development <writing-extensions>`
+        and debugging templates.
+
+        This does not perform preprocessing.  If you want the preprocessing
+        of the extensions to be applied you have to filter source through
+        the :meth:`preprocess` method.
+        """
+        source = str(source)
+        try:
+            return self.lexer.tokeniter(source, name, filename)
+        except TemplateSyntaxError:
+            self.handle_exception(source=source)
+
+    def preprocess(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Preprocesses the source with all extensions.  This is automatically
+        called for all parsing and compiling methods but *not* for :meth:`lex`
+        because there you usually only want the actual source tokenized.
+        """
+        return reduce(
+            lambda s, e: e.preprocess(s, name, filename),
+            self.iter_extensions(),
+            str(source),
+        )
+
+    def _tokenize(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        state: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> TokenStream:
+        """Called by the parser to do the preprocessing and filtering
+        for all the extensions.  Returns a :class:`~jinja2.lexer.TokenStream`.
+        """
+        source = self.preprocess(source, name, filename)
+        stream = self.lexer.tokenize(source, name, filename, state)
+
+        for ext in self.iter_extensions():
+            stream = ext.filter_stream(stream)  # type: ignore
+
+            if not isinstance(stream, TokenStream):
+                stream = TokenStream(stream, name, filename)
+
+        return stream
+
+    def _generate(
+        self,
+        source: nodes.Template,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        filename: t.Optional[str],
+        defer_init: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Internal hook that can be overridden to hook a different generate
+        method in.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5
+        """
+        return generate(  # type: ignore
+            source,
+            self,
+            name,
+            filename,
+            defer_init=defer_init,
+            optimized=self.optimized,
+        )
+
+    def _compile(self, source: str, filename: str) -> CodeType:
+        """Internal hook that can be overridden to hook a different compile
+        method in.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5
+        """
+        return compile(source, filename, "exec")
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def compile(
+        self,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        raw: "te.Literal[False]" = False,
+        defer_init: bool = False,
+    ) -> CodeType: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def compile(
+        self,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        raw: "te.Literal[True]" = ...,
+        defer_init: bool = False,
+    ) -> str: ...
+
+    @internalcode
+    def compile(
+        self,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        raw: bool = False,
+        defer_init: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Union[str, CodeType]:
+        """Compile a node or template source code.  The `name` parameter is
+        the load name of the template after it was joined using
+        :meth:`join_path` if necessary, not the filename on the file system.
+        the `filename` parameter is the estimated filename of the template on
+        the file system.  If the template came from a database or memory this
+        can be omitted.
+
+        The return value of this method is a python code object.  If the `raw`
+        parameter is `True` the return value will be a string with python
+        code equivalent to the bytecode returned otherwise.  This method is
+        mainly used internally.
+
+        `defer_init` is use internally to aid the module code generator.  This
+        causes the generated code to be able to import without the global
+        environment variable to be set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+           `defer_init` parameter added.
+        """
+        source_hint = None
+        try:
+            if isinstance(source, str):
+                source_hint = source
+                source = self._parse(source, name, filename)
+            source = self._generate(source, name, filename, defer_init=defer_init)
+            if raw:
+                return source
+            if filename is None:
+                filename = "<template>"
+            return self._compile(source, filename)
+        except TemplateSyntaxError:
+            self.handle_exception(source=source_hint)
+
+    def compile_expression(
+        self, source: str, undefined_to_none: bool = True
+    ) -> "TemplateExpression":
+        """A handy helper method that returns a callable that accepts keyword
+        arguments that appear as variables in the expression.  If called it
+        returns the result of the expression.
+
+        This is useful if applications want to use the same rules as Jinja
+        in template "configuration files" or similar situations.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+        >>> env = Environment()
+        >>> expr = env.compile_expression('foo == 42')
+        >>> expr(foo=23)
+        False
+        >>> expr(foo=42)
+        True
+
+        Per default the return value is converted to `None` if the
+        expression returns an undefined value.  This can be changed
+        by setting `undefined_to_none` to `False`.
+
+        >>> env.compile_expression('var')() is None
+        True
+        >>> env.compile_expression('var', undefined_to_none=False)()
+        Undefined
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+        """
+        parser = Parser(self, source, state="variable")
+        try:
+            expr = parser.parse_expression()
+            if not parser.stream.eos:
+                raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                    "chunk after expression", parser.stream.current.lineno, None, None
+                )
+            expr.set_environment(self)
+        except TemplateSyntaxError:
+            self.handle_exception(source=source)
+
+        body = [nodes.Assign(nodes.Name("result", "store"), expr, lineno=1)]
+        template = self.from_string(nodes.Template(body, lineno=1))
+        return TemplateExpression(template, undefined_to_none)
+
+    def compile_templates(
+        self,
+        target: t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"],
+        extensions: t.Optional[t.Collection[str]] = None,
+        filter_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], bool]] = None,
+        zip: t.Optional[str] = "deflated",
+        log_function: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], None]] = None,
+        ignore_errors: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Finds all the templates the loader can find, compiles them
+        and stores them in `target`.  If `zip` is `None`, instead of in a
+        zipfile, the templates will be stored in a directory.
+        By default a deflate zip algorithm is used. To switch to
+        the stored algorithm, `zip` can be set to ``'stored'``.
+
+        `extensions` and `filter_func` are passed to :meth:`list_templates`.
+        Each template returned will be compiled to the target folder or
+        zipfile.
+
+        By default template compilation errors are ignored.  In case a
+        log function is provided, errors are logged.  If you want template
+        syntax errors to abort the compilation you can set `ignore_errors`
+        to `False` and you will get an exception on syntax errors.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+        """
+        from .loaders import ModuleLoader
+
+        if log_function is None:
+
+            def log_function(x: str) -> None:
+                pass
+
+        assert log_function is not None
+        assert self.loader is not None, "No loader configured."
+
+        def write_file(filename: str, data: str) -> None:
+            if zip:
+                info = ZipInfo(filename)
+                info.external_attr = 0o755 << 16
+                zip_file.writestr(info, data)
+            else:
+                with open(os.path.join(target, filename), "wb") as f:
+                    f.write(data.encode("utf8"))
+
+        if zip is not None:
+            from zipfile import ZIP_DEFLATED
+            from zipfile import ZIP_STORED
+            from zipfile import ZipFile
+            from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+            zip_file = ZipFile(
+                target, "w", dict(deflated=ZIP_DEFLATED, stored=ZIP_STORED)[zip]
+            )
+            log_function(f"Compiling into Zip archive {target!r}")
+        else:
+            if not os.path.isdir(target):
+                os.makedirs(target)
+            log_function(f"Compiling into folder {target!r}")
+
+        try:
+            for name in self.list_templates(extensions, filter_func):
+                source, filename, _ = self.loader.get_source(self, name)
+                try:
+                    code = self.compile(source, name, filename, True, True)
+                except TemplateSyntaxError as e:
+                    if not ignore_errors:
+                        raise
+                    log_function(f'Could not compile "{name}": {e}')
+                    continue
+
+                filename = ModuleLoader.get_module_filename(name)
+
+                write_file(filename, code)
+                log_function(f'Compiled "{name}" as {filename}')
+        finally:
+            if zip:
+                zip_file.close()
+
+        log_function("Finished compiling templates")
+
+    def list_templates(
+        self,
+        extensions: t.Optional[t.Collection[str]] = None,
+        filter_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], bool]] = None,
+    ) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Returns a list of templates for this environment.  This requires
+        that the loader supports the loader's
+        :meth:`~BaseLoader.list_templates` method.
+
+        If there are other files in the template folder besides the
+        actual templates, the returned list can be filtered.  There are two
+        ways: either `extensions` is set to a list of file extensions for
+        templates, or a `filter_func` can be provided which is a callable that
+        is passed a template name and should return `True` if it should end up
+        in the result list.
+
+        If the loader does not support that, a :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+        """
+        assert self.loader is not None, "No loader configured."
+        names = self.loader.list_templates()
+
+        if extensions is not None:
+            if filter_func is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "either extensions or filter_func can be passed, but not both"
+                )
+
+            def filter_func(x: str) -> bool:
+                return "." in x and x.rsplit(".", 1)[1] in extensions
+
+        if filter_func is not None:
+            names = [name for name in names if filter_func(name)]
+
+        return names
+
+    def handle_exception(self, source: t.Optional[str] = None) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Exception handling helper.  This is used internally to either raise
+        rewritten exceptions or return a rendered traceback for the template.
+        """
+        from .debug import rewrite_traceback_stack
+
+        raise rewrite_traceback_stack(source=source)
+
+    def join_path(self, template: str, parent: str) -> str:
+        """Join a template with the parent.  By default all the lookups are
+        relative to the loader root so this method returns the `template`
+        parameter unchanged, but if the paths should be relative to the
+        parent template, this function can be used to calculate the real
+        template name.
+
+        Subclasses may override this method and implement template path
+        joining here.
+        """
+        return template
+
+    @internalcode
+    def _load_template(
+        self, name: str, globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]]
+    ) -> "Template":
+        if self.loader is None:
+            raise TypeError("no loader for this environment specified")
+        cache_key = (weakref.ref(self.loader), name)
+        if self.cache is not None:
+            template = self.cache.get(cache_key)
+            if template is not None and (
+                not self.auto_reload or template.is_up_to_date
+            ):
+                # template.globals is a ChainMap, modifying it will only
+                # affect the template, not the environment globals.
+                if globals:
+                    template.globals.update(globals)
+
+                return template
+
+        template = self.loader.load(self, name, self.make_globals(globals))
+
+        if self.cache is not None:
+            self.cache[cache_key] = template
+        return template
+
+    @internalcode
+    def get_template(
+        self,
+        name: t.Union[str, "Template"],
+        parent: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Load a template by name with :attr:`loader` and return a
+        :class:`Template`. If the template does not exist a
+        :exc:`TemplateNotFound` exception is raised.
+
+        :param name: Name of the template to load. When loading
+            templates from the filesystem, "/" is used as the path
+            separator, even on Windows.
+        :param parent: The name of the parent template importing this
+            template. :meth:`join_path` can be used to implement name
+            transformations with this.
+        :param globals: Extend the environment :attr:`globals` with
+            these extra variables available for all renders of this
+            template. If the template has already been loaded and
+            cached, its globals are updated with any new items.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            If a template is loaded from cache, ``globals`` will update
+            the template's globals instead of ignoring the new values.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+            If ``name`` is a :class:`Template` object it is returned
+            unchanged.
+        """
+        if isinstance(name, Template):
+            return name
+        if parent is not None:
+            name = self.join_path(name, parent)
+
+        return self._load_template(name, globals)
+
+    @internalcode
+    def select_template(
+        self,
+        names: t.Iterable[t.Union[str, "Template"]],
+        parent: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Like :meth:`get_template`, but tries loading multiple names.
+        If none of the names can be loaded a :exc:`TemplatesNotFound`
+        exception is raised.
+
+        :param names: List of template names to try loading in order.
+        :param parent: The name of the parent template importing this
+            template. :meth:`join_path` can be used to implement name
+            transformations with this.
+        :param globals: Extend the environment :attr:`globals` with
+            these extra variables available for all renders of this
+            template. If the template has already been loaded and
+            cached, its globals are updated with any new items.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            If a template is loaded from cache, ``globals`` will update
+            the template's globals instead of ignoring the new values.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+            If ``names`` is :class:`Undefined`, an :exc:`UndefinedError`
+            is raised instead. If no templates were found and ``names``
+            contains :class:`Undefined`, the message is more helpful.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+            If ``names`` contains a :class:`Template` object it is
+            returned unchanged.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if isinstance(names, Undefined):
+            names._fail_with_undefined_error()
+
+        if not names:
+            raise TemplatesNotFound(
+                message="Tried to select from an empty list of templates."
+            )
+
+        for name in names:
+            if isinstance(name, Template):
+                return name
+            if parent is not None:
+                name = self.join_path(name, parent)
+            try:
+                return self._load_template(name, globals)
+            except (TemplateNotFound, UndefinedError):
+                pass
+        raise TemplatesNotFound(names)  # type: ignore
+
+    @internalcode
+    def get_or_select_template(
+        self,
+        template_name_or_list: t.Union[
+            str, "Template", t.List[t.Union[str, "Template"]]
+        ],
+        parent: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Use :meth:`select_template` if an iterable of template names
+        is given, or :meth:`get_template` if one name is given.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if isinstance(template_name_or_list, (str, Undefined)):
+            return self.get_template(template_name_or_list, parent, globals)
+        elif isinstance(template_name_or_list, Template):
+            return template_name_or_list
+        return self.select_template(template_name_or_list, parent, globals)
+
+    def from_string(
+        self,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        template_class: t.Optional[t.Type["Template"]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Load a template from a source string without using
+        :attr:`loader`.
+
+        :param source: Jinja source to compile into a template.
+        :param globals: Extend the environment :attr:`globals` with
+            these extra variables available for all renders of this
+            template. If the template has already been loaded and
+            cached, its globals are updated with any new items.
+        :param template_class: Return an instance of this
+            :class:`Template` class.
+        """
+        gs = self.make_globals(globals)
+        cls = template_class or self.template_class
+        return cls.from_code(self, self.compile(source), gs, None)
+
+    def make_globals(
+        self, d: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]]
+    ) -> t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]:
+        """Make the globals map for a template. Any given template
+        globals overlay the environment :attr:`globals`.
+
+        Returns a :class:`collections.ChainMap`. This allows any changes
+        to a template's globals to only affect that template, while
+        changes to the environment's globals are still reflected.
+        However, avoid modifying any globals after a template is loaded.
+
+        :param d: Dict of template-specific globals.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Use :class:`collections.ChainMap` to always prevent mutating
+            environment globals.
+        """
+        if d is None:
+            d = {}
+
+        return ChainMap(d, self.globals)
+
+
+class Template:
+    """A compiled template that can be rendered.
+
+    Use the methods on :class:`Environment` to create or load templates.
+    The environment is used to configure how templates are compiled and
+    behave.
+
+    It is also possible to create a template object directly. This is
+    not usually recommended. The constructor takes most of the same
+    arguments as :class:`Environment`. All templates created with the
+    same environment arguments share the same ephemeral ``Environment``
+    instance behind the scenes.
+
+    A template object should be considered immutable. Modifications on
+    the object are not supported.
+    """
+
+    #: Type of environment to create when creating a template directly
+    #: rather than through an existing environment.
+    environment_class: t.Type[Environment] = Environment
+
+    environment: Environment
+    globals: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]
+    name: t.Optional[str]
+    filename: t.Optional[str]
+    blocks: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[Context], t.Iterator[str]]]
+    root_render_func: t.Callable[[Context], t.Iterator[str]]
+    _module: t.Optional["TemplateModule"]
+    _debug_info: str
+    _uptodate: t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        block_start_string: str = BLOCK_START_STRING,
+        block_end_string: str = BLOCK_END_STRING,
+        variable_start_string: str = VARIABLE_START_STRING,
+        variable_end_string: str = VARIABLE_END_STRING,
+        comment_start_string: str = COMMENT_START_STRING,
+        comment_end_string: str = COMMENT_END_STRING,
+        line_statement_prefix: t.Optional[str] = LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX,
+        line_comment_prefix: t.Optional[str] = LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX,
+        trim_blocks: bool = TRIM_BLOCKS,
+        lstrip_blocks: bool = LSTRIP_BLOCKS,
+        newline_sequence: "te.Literal['\\n', '\\r\\n', '\\r']" = NEWLINE_SEQUENCE,
+        keep_trailing_newline: bool = KEEP_TRAILING_NEWLINE,
+        extensions: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, t.Type["Extension"]]] = (),
+        optimized: bool = True,
+        undefined: t.Type[Undefined] = Undefined,
+        finalize: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
+        autoescape: t.Union[bool, t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], bool]] = False,
+        enable_async: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Any:  # it returns a `Template`, but this breaks the sphinx build...
+        env = get_spontaneous_environment(
+            cls.environment_class,  # type: ignore
+            block_start_string,
+            block_end_string,
+            variable_start_string,
+            variable_end_string,
+            comment_start_string,
+            comment_end_string,
+            line_statement_prefix,
+            line_comment_prefix,
+            trim_blocks,
+            lstrip_blocks,
+            newline_sequence,
+            keep_trailing_newline,
+            frozenset(extensions),
+            optimized,
+            undefined,  # type: ignore
+            finalize,
+            autoescape,
+            None,
+            0,
+            False,
+            None,
+            enable_async,
+        )
+        return env.from_string(source, template_class=cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_code(
+        cls,
+        environment: Environment,
+        code: CodeType,
+        globals: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        uptodate: t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Creates a template object from compiled code and the globals.  This
+        is used by the loaders and environment to create a template object.
+        """
+        namespace = {"environment": environment, "__file__": code.co_filename}
+        exec(code, namespace)
+        rv = cls._from_namespace(environment, namespace, globals)
+        rv._uptodate = uptodate
+        return rv
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_module_dict(
+        cls,
+        environment: Environment,
+        module_dict: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        globals: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Creates a template object from a module.  This is used by the
+        module loader to create a template object.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+        """
+        return cls._from_namespace(environment, module_dict, globals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_namespace(
+        cls,
+        environment: Environment,
+        namespace: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        globals: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    ) -> "Template":
+        t: Template = object.__new__(cls)
+        t.environment = environment
+        t.globals = globals
+        t.name = namespace["name"]
+        t.filename = namespace["__file__"]
+        t.blocks = namespace["blocks"]
+
+        # render function and module
+        t.root_render_func = namespace["root"]
+        t._module = None
+
+        # debug and loader helpers
+        t._debug_info = namespace["debug_info"]
+        t._uptodate = None
+
+        # store the reference
+        namespace["environment"] = environment
+        namespace["__jinja_template__"] = t
+
+        return t
+
+    def render(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        """This method accepts the same arguments as the `dict` constructor:
+        A dict, a dict subclass or some keyword arguments.  If no arguments
+        are given the context will be empty.  These two calls do the same::
+
+            template.render(knights='that say nih')
+            template.render({'knights': 'that say nih'})
+
+        This will return the rendered template as a string.
+        """
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            import asyncio
+
+            return asyncio.run(self.render_async(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            return self.environment.concat(self.root_render_func(ctx))  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+    async def render_async(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        """This works similar to :meth:`render` but returns a coroutine
+        that when awaited returns the entire rendered template string.  This
+        requires the async feature to be enabled.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            await template.render_async(knights='that say nih; asynchronously')
+        """
+        if not self.environment.is_async:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The environment was not created with async mode enabled."
+            )
+
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            return self.environment.concat(  # type: ignore
+                [n async for n in self.root_render_func(ctx)]  # type: ignore
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            return self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+    def stream(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "TemplateStream":
+        """Works exactly like :meth:`generate` but returns a
+        :class:`TemplateStream`.
+        """
+        return TemplateStream(self.generate(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def generate(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+        """For very large templates it can be useful to not render the whole
+        template at once but evaluate each statement after another and yield
+        piece for piece.  This method basically does exactly that and returns
+        a generator that yields one item after another as strings.
+
+        It accepts the same arguments as :meth:`render`.
+        """
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            import asyncio
+
+            async def to_list() -> t.List[str]:
+                return [x async for x in self.generate_async(*args, **kwargs)]
+
+            yield from asyncio.run(to_list())
+            return
+
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            yield from self.root_render_func(ctx)
+        except Exception:
+            yield self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+    async def generate_async(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.AsyncGenerator[str, object]:
+        """An async version of :meth:`generate`.  Works very similarly but
+        returns an async iterator instead.
+        """
+        if not self.environment.is_async:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The environment was not created with async mode enabled."
+            )
+
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            agen = self.root_render_func(ctx)
+            try:
+                async for event in agen:  # type: ignore
+                    yield event
+            finally:
+                # we can't use async with aclosing(...) because that's only
+                # in 3.10+
+                await agen.aclose()  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            yield self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+    def new_context(
+        self,
+        vars: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        shared: bool = False,
+        locals: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> Context:
+        """Create a new :class:`Context` for this template.  The vars
+        provided will be passed to the template.  Per default the globals
+        are added to the context.  If shared is set to `True` the data
+        is passed as is to the context without adding the globals.
+
+        `locals` can be a dict of local variables for internal usage.
+        """
+        return new_context(
+            self.environment, self.name, self.blocks, vars, shared, self.globals, locals
+        )
+
+    def make_module(
+        self,
+        vars: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        shared: bool = False,
+        locals: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "TemplateModule":
+        """This method works like the :attr:`module` attribute when called
+        without arguments but it will evaluate the template on every call
+        rather than caching it.  It's also possible to provide
+        a dict which is then used as context.  The arguments are the same
+        as for the :meth:`new_context` method.
+        """
+        ctx = self.new_context(vars, shared, locals)
+        return TemplateModule(self, ctx)
+
+    async def make_module_async(
+        self,
+        vars: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
+        shared: bool = False,
+        locals: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "TemplateModule":
+        """As template module creation can invoke template code for
+        asynchronous executions this method must be used instead of the
+        normal :meth:`make_module` one.  Likewise the module attribute
+        becomes unavailable in async mode.
+        """
+        ctx = self.new_context(vars, shared, locals)
+        return TemplateModule(
+            self,
+            ctx,
+            [x async for x in self.root_render_func(ctx)],  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @internalcode
+    def _get_default_module(self, ctx: t.Optional[Context] = None) -> "TemplateModule":
+        """If a context is passed in, this means that the template was
+        imported. Imported templates have access to the current
+        template's globals by default, but they can only be accessed via
+        the context during runtime.
+
+        If there are new globals, we need to create a new module because
+        the cached module is already rendered and will not have access
+        to globals from the current context. This new module is not
+        cached because the template can be imported elsewhere, and it
+        should have access to only the current template's globals.
+        """
+        if self.environment.is_async:
+            raise RuntimeError("Module is not available in async mode.")
+
+        if ctx is not None:
+            keys = ctx.globals_keys - self.globals.keys()
+
+            if keys:
+                return self.make_module({k: ctx.parent[k] for k in keys})
+
+        if self._module is None:
+            self._module = self.make_module()
+
+        return self._module
+
+    async def _get_default_module_async(
+        self, ctx: t.Optional[Context] = None
+    ) -> "TemplateModule":
+        if ctx is not None:
+            keys = ctx.globals_keys - self.globals.keys()
+
+            if keys:
+                return await self.make_module_async({k: ctx.parent[k] for k in keys})
+
+        if self._module is None:
+            self._module = await self.make_module_async()
+
+        return self._module
+
+    @property
+    def module(self) -> "TemplateModule":
+        """The template as module.  This is used for imports in the
+        template runtime but is also useful if one wants to access
+        exported template variables from the Python layer:
+
+        >>> t = Template('{% macro foo() %}42{% endmacro %}23')
+        >>> str(t.module)
+        '23'
+        >>> t.module.foo() == u'42'
+        True
+
+        This attribute is not available if async mode is enabled.
+        """
+        return self._get_default_module()
+
+    def get_corresponding_lineno(self, lineno: int) -> int:
+        """Return the source line number of a line number in the
+        generated bytecode as they are not in sync.
+        """
+        for template_line, code_line in reversed(self.debug_info):
+            if code_line <= lineno:
+                return template_line
+        return 1
+
+    @property
+    def is_up_to_date(self) -> bool:
+        """If this variable is `False` there is a newer version available."""
+        if self._uptodate is None:
+            return True
+        return self._uptodate()
+
+    @property
+    def debug_info(self) -> t.List[t.Tuple[int, int]]:
+        """The debug info mapping."""
+        if self._debug_info:
+            return [
+                tuple(map(int, x.split("=")))  # type: ignore
+                for x in self._debug_info.split("&")
+            ]
+
+        return []
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.name is None:
+            name = f"memory:{id(self):x}"
+        else:
+            name = repr(self.name)
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {name}>"
+
+
+class TemplateModule:
+    """Represents an imported template.  All the exported names of the
+    template are available as attributes on this object.  Additionally
+    converting it into a string renders the contents.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        template: Template,
+        context: Context,
+        body_stream: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if body_stream is None:
+            if context.environment.is_async:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Async mode requires a body stream to be passed to"
+                    " a template module. Use the async methods of the"
+                    " API you are using."
+                )
+
+            body_stream = list(template.root_render_func(context))
+
+        self._body_stream = body_stream
+        self.__dict__.update(context.get_exported())
+        self.__name__ = template.name
+
+    def __html__(self) -> Markup:
+        return Markup(concat(self._body_stream))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return concat(self._body_stream)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.__name__ is None:
+            name = f"memory:{id(self):x}"
+        else:
+            name = repr(self.__name__)
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {name}>"
+
+
+class TemplateExpression:
+    """The :meth:`jinja2.Environment.compile_expression` method returns an
+    instance of this object.  It encapsulates the expression-like access
+    to the template with an expression it wraps.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, template: Template, undefined_to_none: bool) -> None:
+        self._template = template
+        self._undefined_to_none = undefined_to_none
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+        context = self._template.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+        consume(self._template.root_render_func(context))
+        rv = context.vars["result"]
+        if self._undefined_to_none and isinstance(rv, Undefined):
+            rv = None
+        return rv
+
+
+class TemplateStream:
+    """A template stream works pretty much like an ordinary python generator
+    but it can buffer multiple items to reduce the number of total iterations.
+    Per default the output is unbuffered which means that for every unbuffered
+    instruction in the template one string is yielded.
+
+    If buffering is enabled with a buffer size of 5, five items are combined
+    into a new string.  This is mainly useful if you are streaming
+    big templates to a client via WSGI which flushes after each iteration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, gen: t.Iterator[str]) -> None:
+        self._gen = gen
+        self.disable_buffering()
+
+    def dump(
+        self,
+        fp: t.Union[str, t.IO[bytes]],
+        encoding: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: t.Optional[str] = "strict",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Dump the complete stream into a file or file-like object.
+        Per default strings are written, if you want to encode
+        before writing specify an `encoding`.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            Template('Hello {{ name }}!').stream(name='foo').dump('hello.html')
+        """
+        close = False
+
+        if isinstance(fp, str):
+            if encoding is None:
+                encoding = "utf-8"
+
+            real_fp: t.IO[bytes] = open(fp, "wb")
+            close = True
+        else:
+            real_fp = fp
+
+        try:
+            if encoding is not None:
+                iterable = (x.encode(encoding, errors) for x in self)  # type: ignore
+            else:
+                iterable = self  # type: ignore
+
+            if hasattr(real_fp, "writelines"):
+                real_fp.writelines(iterable)
+            else:
+                for item in iterable:
+                    real_fp.write(item)
+        finally:
+            if close:
+                real_fp.close()
+
+    def disable_buffering(self) -> None:
+        """Disable the output buffering."""
+        self._next = partial(next, self._gen)
+        self.buffered = False
+
+    def _buffered_generator(self, size: int) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+        buf: t.List[str] = []
+        c_size = 0
+        push = buf.append
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                while c_size < size:
+                    c = next(self._gen)
+                    push(c)
+                    if c:
+                        c_size += 1
+            except StopIteration:
+                if not c_size:
+                    return
+            yield concat(buf)
+            del buf[:]
+            c_size = 0
+
+    def enable_buffering(self, size: int = 5) -> None:
+        """Enable buffering.  Buffer `size` items before yielding them."""
+        if size <= 1:
+            raise ValueError("buffer size too small")
+
+        self.buffered = True
+        self._next = partial(next, self._buffered_generator(size))
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> "TemplateStream":
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> str:
+        return self._next()  # type: ignore
+
+
+# hook in default template class.  if anyone reads this comment: ignore that
+# it's possible to use custom templates ;-)
+Environment.template_class = Template
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..082ebe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import typing as t
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .runtime import Undefined
+
+
+class TemplateError(Exception):
+    """Baseclass for all template errors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+    @property
+    def message(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
+        return self.args[0] if self.args else None
+
+
+class TemplateNotFound(IOError, LookupError, TemplateError):
+    """Raised if a template does not exist.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+        If the given name is :class:`Undefined` and no message was
+        provided, an :exc:`UndefinedError` is raised.
+    """
+
+    # Silence the Python warning about message being deprecated since
+    # it's not valid here.
+    message: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[t.Union[str, "Undefined"]],
+        message: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        IOError.__init__(self, name)
+
+        if message is None:
+            from .runtime import Undefined
+
+            if isinstance(name, Undefined):
+                name._fail_with_undefined_error()
+
+            message = name
+
+        self.message = message
+        self.name = name
+        self.templates = [name]
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.message)
+
+
+class TemplatesNotFound(TemplateNotFound):
+    """Like :class:`TemplateNotFound` but raised if multiple templates
+    are selected.  This is a subclass of :class:`TemplateNotFound`
+    exception, so just catching the base exception will catch both.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+        If a name in the list of names is :class:`Undefined`, a message
+        about it being undefined is shown rather than the empty string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        names: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, "Undefined"]] = (),
+        message: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            from .runtime import Undefined
+
+            parts = []
+
+            for name in names:
+                if isinstance(name, Undefined):
+                    parts.append(name._undefined_message)
+                else:
+                    parts.append(name)
+
+            parts_str = ", ".join(map(str, parts))
+            message = f"none of the templates given were found: {parts_str}"
+
+        super().__init__(names[-1] if names else None, message)
+        self.templates = list(names)
+
+
+class TemplateSyntaxError(TemplateError):
+    """Raised to tell the user that there is a problem with the template."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        lineno: int,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.name = name
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.source: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+        # this is set to True if the debug.translate_syntax_error
+        # function translated the syntax error into a new traceback
+        self.translated = False
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # for translated errors we only return the message
+        if self.translated:
+            return t.cast(str, self.message)
+
+        # otherwise attach some stuff
+        location = f"line {self.lineno}"
+        name = self.filename or self.name
+        if name:
+            location = f'File "{name}", {location}'
+        lines = [t.cast(str, self.message), "  " + location]
+
+        # if the source is set, add the line to the output
+        if self.source is not None:
+            try:
+                line = self.source.splitlines()[self.lineno - 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                lines.append("    " + line.strip())
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):  # type: ignore
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue1692335 Exceptions that take
+        # multiple required arguments have problems with pickling.
+        # Without this, raises TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required
+        # positional argument: 'lineno'
+        return self.__class__, (self.message, self.lineno, self.name, self.filename)
+
+
+class TemplateAssertionError(TemplateSyntaxError):
+    """Like a template syntax error, but covers cases where something in the
+    template caused an error at compile time that wasn't necessarily caused
+    by a syntax error.  However it's a direct subclass of
+    :exc:`TemplateSyntaxError` and has the same attributes.
+    """
+
+
+class TemplateRuntimeError(TemplateError):
+    """A generic runtime error in the template engine.  Under some situations
+    Jinja may raise this exception.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedError(TemplateRuntimeError):
+    """Raised if a template tries to operate on :class:`Undefined`."""
+
+
+class SecurityError(TemplateRuntimeError):
+    """Raised if a template tries to do something insecure if the
+    sandbox is enabled.
+    """
+
+
+class FilterArgumentError(TemplateRuntimeError):
+    """This error is raised if a filter was called with inappropriate
+    arguments
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/ext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/ext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7af8d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/ext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+"""Extension API for adding custom tags and behavior."""
+
+import pprint
+import re
+import typing as t
+
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from . import defaults
+from . import nodes
+from .environment import Environment
+from .exceptions import TemplateAssertionError
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
+from .runtime import concat  # type: ignore
+from .runtime import Context
+from .runtime import Undefined
+from .utils import import_string
+from .utils import pass_context
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .lexer import Token
+    from .lexer import TokenStream
+    from .parser import Parser
+
+    class _TranslationsBasic(te.Protocol):
+        def gettext(self, message: str) -> str: ...
+
+        def ngettext(self, singular: str, plural: str, n: int) -> str:
+            pass
+
+    class _TranslationsContext(_TranslationsBasic):
+        def pgettext(self, context: str, message: str) -> str: ...
+
+        def npgettext(
+            self, context: str, singular: str, plural: str, n: int
+        ) -> str: ...
+
+    _SupportedTranslations = t.Union[_TranslationsBasic, _TranslationsContext]
+
+
+# I18N functions available in Jinja templates. If the I18N library
+# provides ugettext, it will be assigned to gettext.
+GETTEXT_FUNCTIONS: t.Tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "_",
+    "gettext",
+    "ngettext",
+    "pgettext",
+    "npgettext",
+)
+_ws_re = re.compile(r"\s*\n\s*")
+
+
+class Extension:
+    """Extensions can be used to add extra functionality to the Jinja template
+    system at the parser level.  Custom extensions are bound to an environment
+    but may not store environment specific data on `self`.  The reason for
+    this is that an extension can be bound to another environment (for
+    overlays) by creating a copy and reassigning the `environment` attribute.
+
+    As extensions are created by the environment they cannot accept any
+    arguments for configuration.  One may want to work around that by using
+    a factory function, but that is not possible as extensions are identified
+    by their import name.  The correct way to configure the extension is
+    storing the configuration values on the environment.  Because this way the
+    environment ends up acting as central configuration storage the
+    attributes may clash which is why extensions have to ensure that the names
+    they choose for configuration are not too generic.  ``prefix`` for example
+    is a terrible name, ``fragment_cache_prefix`` on the other hand is a good
+    name as includes the name of the extension (fragment cache).
+    """
+
+    identifier: t.ClassVar[str]
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        cls.identifier = f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__}"
+
+    #: if this extension parses this is the list of tags it's listening to.
+    tags: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+    #: the priority of that extension.  This is especially useful for
+    #: extensions that preprocess values.  A lower value means higher
+    #: priority.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.4
+    priority = 100
+
+    def __init__(self, environment: Environment) -> None:
+        self.environment = environment
+
+    def bind(self, environment: Environment) -> "te.Self":
+        """Create a copy of this extension bound to another environment."""
+        rv = object.__new__(self.__class__)
+        rv.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
+        rv.environment = environment
+        return rv
+
+    def preprocess(
+        self, source: str, name: t.Optional[str], filename: t.Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """This method is called before the actual lexing and can be used to
+        preprocess the source.  The `filename` is optional.  The return value
+        must be the preprocessed source.
+        """
+        return source
+
+    def filter_stream(
+        self, stream: "TokenStream"
+    ) -> t.Union["TokenStream", t.Iterable["Token"]]:
+        """It's passed a :class:`~jinja2.lexer.TokenStream` that can be used
+        to filter tokens returned.  This method has to return an iterable of
+        :class:`~jinja2.lexer.Token`\\s, but it doesn't have to return a
+        :class:`~jinja2.lexer.TokenStream`.
+        """
+        return stream
+
+    def parse(self, parser: "Parser") -> t.Union[nodes.Node, t.List[nodes.Node]]:
+        """If any of the :attr:`tags` matched this method is called with the
+        parser as first argument.  The token the parser stream is pointing at
+        is the name token that matched.  This method has to return one or a
+        list of multiple nodes.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def attr(
+        self, name: str, lineno: t.Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> nodes.ExtensionAttribute:
+        """Return an attribute node for the current extension.  This is useful
+        to pass constants on extensions to generated template code.
+
+        ::
+
+            self.attr('_my_attribute', lineno=lineno)
+        """
+        return nodes.ExtensionAttribute(self.identifier, name, lineno=lineno)
+
+    def call_method(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        args: t.Optional[t.List[nodes.Expr]] = None,
+        kwargs: t.Optional[t.List[nodes.Keyword]] = None,
+        dyn_args: t.Optional[nodes.Expr] = None,
+        dyn_kwargs: t.Optional[nodes.Expr] = None,
+        lineno: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> nodes.Call:
+        """Call a method of the extension.  This is a shortcut for
+        :meth:`attr` + :class:`jinja2.nodes.Call`.
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = []
+        if kwargs is None:
+            kwargs = []
+        return nodes.Call(
+            self.attr(name, lineno=lineno),
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            dyn_args,
+            dyn_kwargs,
+            lineno=lineno,
+        )
+
+
+@pass_context
+def _gettext_alias(
+    __context: Context, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> t.Union[t.Any, Undefined]:
+    return __context.call(__context.resolve("gettext"), *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _make_new_gettext(func: t.Callable[[str], str]) -> t.Callable[..., str]:
+    @pass_context
+    def gettext(__context: Context, __string: str, **variables: t.Any) -> str:
+        rv = __context.call(func, __string)
+        if __context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            rv = Markup(rv)
+        # Always treat as a format string, even if there are no
+        # variables. This makes translation strings more consistent
+        # and predictable. This requires escaping
+        return rv % variables  # type: ignore
+
+    return gettext
+
+
+def _make_new_ngettext(func: t.Callable[[str, str, int], str]) -> t.Callable[..., str]:
+    @pass_context
+    def ngettext(
+        __context: Context,
+        __singular: str,
+        __plural: str,
+        __num: int,
+        **variables: t.Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        variables.setdefault("num", __num)
+        rv = __context.call(func, __singular, __plural, __num)
+        if __context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            rv = Markup(rv)
+        # Always treat as a format string, see gettext comment above.
+        return rv % variables  # type: ignore
+
+    return ngettext
+
+
+def _make_new_pgettext(func: t.Callable[[str, str], str]) -> t.Callable[..., str]:
+    @pass_context
+    def pgettext(
+        __context: Context, __string_ctx: str, __string: str, **variables: t.Any
+    ) -> str:
+        variables.setdefault("context", __string_ctx)
+        rv = __context.call(func, __string_ctx, __string)
+
+        if __context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            rv = Markup(rv)
+
+        # Always treat as a format string, see gettext comment above.
+        return rv % variables  # type: ignore
+
+    return pgettext
+
+
+def _make_new_npgettext(
+    func: t.Callable[[str, str, str, int], str],
+) -> t.Callable[..., str]:
+    @pass_context
+    def npgettext(
+        __context: Context,
+        __string_ctx: str,
+        __singular: str,
+        __plural: str,
+        __num: int,
+        **variables: t.Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        variables.setdefault("context", __string_ctx)
+        variables.setdefault("num", __num)
+        rv = __context.call(func, __string_ctx, __singular, __plural, __num)
+
+        if __context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            rv = Markup(rv)
+
+        # Always treat as a format string, see gettext comment above.
+        return rv % variables  # type: ignore
+
+    return npgettext
+
+
+class InternationalizationExtension(Extension):
+    """This extension adds gettext support to Jinja."""
+
+    tags = {"trans"}
+
+    # TODO: the i18n extension is currently reevaluating values in a few
+    # situations.  Take this example:
+    #   {% trans count=something() %}{{ count }} foo{% pluralize
+    #     %}{{ count }} fooss{% endtrans %}
+    # something is called twice here.  One time for the gettext value and
+    # the other time for the n-parameter of the ngettext function.
+
+    def __init__(self, environment: Environment) -> None:
+        super().__init__(environment)
+        environment.globals["_"] = _gettext_alias
+        environment.extend(
+            install_gettext_translations=self._install,
+            install_null_translations=self._install_null,
+            install_gettext_callables=self._install_callables,
+            uninstall_gettext_translations=self._uninstall,
+            extract_translations=self._extract,
+            newstyle_gettext=False,
+        )
+
+    def _install(
+        self, translations: "_SupportedTranslations", newstyle: t.Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        # ugettext and ungettext are preferred in case the I18N library
+        # is providing compatibility with older Python versions.
+        gettext = getattr(translations, "ugettext", None)
+        if gettext is None:
+            gettext = translations.gettext
+        ngettext = getattr(translations, "ungettext", None)
+        if ngettext is None:
+            ngettext = translations.ngettext
+
+        pgettext = getattr(translations, "pgettext", None)
+        npgettext = getattr(translations, "npgettext", None)
+        self._install_callables(
+            gettext, ngettext, newstyle=newstyle, pgettext=pgettext, npgettext=npgettext
+        )
+
+    def _install_null(self, newstyle: t.Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        import gettext
+
+        translations = gettext.NullTranslations()
+
+        if hasattr(translations, "pgettext"):
+            # Python < 3.8
+            pgettext = translations.pgettext
+        else:
+
+            def pgettext(c: str, s: str) -> str:  # type: ignore[misc]
+                return s
+
+        if hasattr(translations, "npgettext"):
+            npgettext = translations.npgettext
+        else:
+
+            def npgettext(c: str, s: str, p: str, n: int) -> str:  # type: ignore[misc]
+                return s if n == 1 else p
+
+        self._install_callables(
+            gettext=translations.gettext,
+            ngettext=translations.ngettext,
+            newstyle=newstyle,
+            pgettext=pgettext,
+            npgettext=npgettext,
+        )
+
+    def _install_callables(
+        self,
+        gettext: t.Callable[[str], str],
+        ngettext: t.Callable[[str, str, int], str],
+        newstyle: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        pgettext: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str, str], str]] = None,
+        npgettext: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str, str, str, int], str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if newstyle is not None:
+            self.environment.newstyle_gettext = newstyle  # type: ignore
+        if self.environment.newstyle_gettext:  # type: ignore
+            gettext = _make_new_gettext(gettext)
+            ngettext = _make_new_ngettext(ngettext)
+
+            if pgettext is not None:
+                pgettext = _make_new_pgettext(pgettext)
+
+            if npgettext is not None:
+                npgettext = _make_new_npgettext(npgettext)
+
+        self.environment.globals.update(
+            gettext=gettext, ngettext=ngettext, pgettext=pgettext, npgettext=npgettext
+        )
+
+    def _uninstall(self, translations: "_SupportedTranslations") -> None:
+        for key in ("gettext", "ngettext", "pgettext", "npgettext"):
+            self.environment.globals.pop(key, None)
+
+    def _extract(
+        self,
+        source: t.Union[str, nodes.Template],
+        gettext_functions: t.Sequence[str] = GETTEXT_FUNCTIONS,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[
+        t.Tuple[int, str, t.Union[t.Optional[str], t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], ...]]]
+    ]:
+        if isinstance(source, str):
+            source = self.environment.parse(source)
+        return extract_from_ast(source, gettext_functions)
+
+    def parse(self, parser: "Parser") -> t.Union[nodes.Node, t.List[nodes.Node]]:
+        """Parse a translatable tag."""
+        lineno = next(parser.stream).lineno
+
+        context = None
+        context_token = parser.stream.next_if("string")
+
+        if context_token is not None:
+            context = context_token.value
+
+        # find all the variables referenced.  Additionally a variable can be
+        # defined in the body of the trans block too, but this is checked at
+        # a later state.
+        plural_expr: t.Optional[nodes.Expr] = None
+        plural_expr_assignment: t.Optional[nodes.Assign] = None
+        num_called_num = False
+        variables: t.Dict[str, nodes.Expr] = {}
+        trimmed = None
+        while parser.stream.current.type != "block_end":
+            if variables:
+                parser.stream.expect("comma")
+
+            # skip colon for python compatibility
+            if parser.stream.skip_if("colon"):
+                break
+
+            token = parser.stream.expect("name")
+            if token.value in variables:
+                parser.fail(
+                    f"translatable variable {token.value!r} defined twice.",
+                    token.lineno,
+                    exc=TemplateAssertionError,
+                )
+
+            # expressions
+            if parser.stream.current.type == "assign":
+                next(parser.stream)
+                variables[token.value] = var = parser.parse_expression()
+            elif trimmed is None and token.value in ("trimmed", "notrimmed"):
+                trimmed = token.value == "trimmed"
+                continue
+            else:
+                variables[token.value] = var = nodes.Name(token.value, "load")
+
+            if plural_expr is None:
+                if isinstance(var, nodes.Call):
+                    plural_expr = nodes.Name("_trans", "load")
+                    variables[token.value] = plural_expr
+                    plural_expr_assignment = nodes.Assign(
+                        nodes.Name("_trans", "store"), var
+                    )
+                else:
+                    plural_expr = var
+                num_called_num = token.value == "num"
+
+        parser.stream.expect("block_end")
+
+        plural = None
+        have_plural = False
+        referenced = set()
+
+        # now parse until endtrans or pluralize
+        singular_names, singular = self._parse_block(parser, True)
+        if singular_names:
+            referenced.update(singular_names)
+            if plural_expr is None:
+                plural_expr = nodes.Name(singular_names[0], "load")
+                num_called_num = singular_names[0] == "num"
+
+        # if we have a pluralize block, we parse that too
+        if parser.stream.current.test("name:pluralize"):
+            have_plural = True
+            next(parser.stream)
+            if parser.stream.current.type != "block_end":
+                token = parser.stream.expect("name")
+                if token.value not in variables:
+                    parser.fail(
+                        f"unknown variable {token.value!r} for pluralization",
+                        token.lineno,
+                        exc=TemplateAssertionError,
+                    )
+                plural_expr = variables[token.value]
+                num_called_num = token.value == "num"
+            parser.stream.expect("block_end")
+            plural_names, plural = self._parse_block(parser, False)
+            next(parser.stream)
+            referenced.update(plural_names)
+        else:
+            next(parser.stream)
+
+        # register free names as simple name expressions
+        for name in referenced:
+            if name not in variables:
+                variables[name] = nodes.Name(name, "load")
+
+        if not have_plural:
+            plural_expr = None
+        elif plural_expr is None:
+            parser.fail("pluralize without variables", lineno)
+
+        if trimmed is None:
+            trimmed = self.environment.policies["ext.i18n.trimmed"]
+        if trimmed:
+            singular = self._trim_whitespace(singular)
+            if plural:
+                plural = self._trim_whitespace(plural)
+
+        node = self._make_node(
+            singular,
+            plural,
+            context,
+            variables,
+            plural_expr,
+            bool(referenced),
+            num_called_num and have_plural,
+        )
+        node.set_lineno(lineno)
+        if plural_expr_assignment is not None:
+            return [plural_expr_assignment, node]
+        else:
+            return node
+
+    def _trim_whitespace(self, string: str, _ws_re: t.Pattern[str] = _ws_re) -> str:
+        return _ws_re.sub(" ", string.strip())
+
+    def _parse_block(
+        self, parser: "Parser", allow_pluralize: bool
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[str], str]:
+        """Parse until the next block tag with a given name."""
+        referenced = []
+        buf = []
+
+        while True:
+            if parser.stream.current.type == "data":
+                buf.append(parser.stream.current.value.replace("%", "%%"))
+                next(parser.stream)
+            elif parser.stream.current.type == "variable_begin":
+                next(parser.stream)
+                name = parser.stream.expect("name").value
+                referenced.append(name)
+                buf.append(f"%({name})s")
+                parser.stream.expect("variable_end")
+            elif parser.stream.current.type == "block_begin":
+                next(parser.stream)
+                block_name = (
+                    parser.stream.current.value
+                    if parser.stream.current.type == "name"
+                    else None
+                )
+                if block_name == "endtrans":
+                    break
+                elif block_name == "pluralize":
+                    if allow_pluralize:
+                        break
+                    parser.fail(
+                        "a translatable section can have only one pluralize section"
+                    )
+                elif block_name == "trans":
+                    parser.fail(
+                        "trans blocks can't be nested; did you mean `endtrans`?"
+                    )
+                parser.fail(
+                    f"control structures in translatable sections are not allowed; "
+                    f"saw `{block_name}`"
+                )
+            elif parser.stream.eos:
+                parser.fail("unclosed translation block")
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError("internal parser error")
+
+        return referenced, concat(buf)
+
+    def _make_node(
+        self,
+        singular: str,
+        plural: t.Optional[str],
+        context: t.Optional[str],
+        variables: t.Dict[str, nodes.Expr],
+        plural_expr: t.Optional[nodes.Expr],
+        vars_referenced: bool,
+        num_called_num: bool,
+    ) -> nodes.Output:
+        """Generates a useful node from the data provided."""
+        newstyle = self.environment.newstyle_gettext  # type: ignore
+        node: nodes.Expr
+
+        # no variables referenced?  no need to escape for old style
+        # gettext invocations only if there are vars.
+        if not vars_referenced and not newstyle:
+            singular = singular.replace("%%", "%")
+            if plural:
+                plural = plural.replace("%%", "%")
+
+        func_name = "gettext"
+        func_args: t.List[nodes.Expr] = [nodes.Const(singular)]
+
+        if context is not None:
+            func_args.insert(0, nodes.Const(context))
+            func_name = f"p{func_name}"
+
+        if plural_expr is not None:
+            func_name = f"n{func_name}"
+            func_args.extend((nodes.Const(plural), plural_expr))
+
+        node = nodes.Call(nodes.Name(func_name, "load"), func_args, [], None, None)
+
+        # in case newstyle gettext is used, the method is powerful
+        # enough to handle the variable expansion and autoescape
+        # handling itself
+        if newstyle:
+            for key, value in variables.items():
+                # the function adds that later anyways in case num was
+                # called num, so just skip it.
+                if num_called_num and key == "num":
+                    continue
+                node.kwargs.append(nodes.Keyword(key, value))
+
+        # otherwise do that here
+        else:
+            # mark the return value as safe if we are in an
+            # environment with autoescaping turned on
+            node = nodes.MarkSafeIfAutoescape(node)
+            if variables:
+                node = nodes.Mod(
+                    node,
+                    nodes.Dict(
+                        [
+                            nodes.Pair(nodes.Const(key), value)
+                            for key, value in variables.items()
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                )
+        return nodes.Output([node])
+
+
+class ExprStmtExtension(Extension):
+    """Adds a `do` tag to Jinja that works like the print statement just
+    that it doesn't print the return value.
+    """
+
+    tags = {"do"}
+
+    def parse(self, parser: "Parser") -> nodes.ExprStmt:
+        node = nodes.ExprStmt(lineno=next(parser.stream).lineno)
+        node.node = parser.parse_tuple()
+        return node
+
+
+class LoopControlExtension(Extension):
+    """Adds break and continue to the template engine."""
+
+    tags = {"break", "continue"}
+
+    def parse(self, parser: "Parser") -> t.Union[nodes.Break, nodes.Continue]:
+        token = next(parser.stream)
+        if token.value == "break":
+            return nodes.Break(lineno=token.lineno)
+        return nodes.Continue(lineno=token.lineno)
+
+
+class DebugExtension(Extension):
+    """A ``{% debug %}`` tag that dumps the available variables,
+    filters, and tests.
+
+    .. code-block:: html+jinja
+
+        <pre>{% debug %}</pre>
+
+    .. code-block:: text
+
+        {'context': {'cycler': <class 'jinja2.utils.Cycler'>,
+                     ...,
+                     'namespace': <class 'jinja2.utils.Namespace'>},
+         'filters': ['abs', 'attr', 'batch', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'd',
+                     ..., 'urlencode', 'urlize', 'wordcount', 'wordwrap', 'xmlattr'],
+         'tests': ['!=', '<', '<=', '==', '>', '>=', 'callable', 'defined',
+                   ..., 'odd', 'sameas', 'sequence', 'string', 'undefined', 'upper']}
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11.0
+    """
+
+    tags = {"debug"}
+
+    def parse(self, parser: "Parser") -> nodes.Output:
+        lineno = parser.stream.expect("name:debug").lineno
+        context = nodes.ContextReference()
+        result = self.call_method("_render", [context], lineno=lineno)
+        return nodes.Output([result], lineno=lineno)
+
+    def _render(self, context: Context) -> str:
+        result = {
+            "context": context.get_all(),
+            "filters": sorted(self.environment.filters.keys()),
+            "tests": sorted(self.environment.tests.keys()),
+        }
+
+        # Set the depth since the intent is to show the top few names.
+        return pprint.pformat(result, depth=3, compact=True)
+
+
+def extract_from_ast(
+    ast: nodes.Template,
+    gettext_functions: t.Sequence[str] = GETTEXT_FUNCTIONS,
+    babel_style: bool = True,
+) -> t.Iterator[
+    t.Tuple[int, str, t.Union[t.Optional[str], t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], ...]]]
+]:
+    """Extract localizable strings from the given template node.  Per
+    default this function returns matches in babel style that means non string
+    parameters as well as keyword arguments are returned as `None`.  This
+    allows Babel to figure out what you really meant if you are using
+    gettext functions that allow keyword arguments for placeholder expansion.
+    If you don't want that behavior set the `babel_style` parameter to `False`
+    which causes only strings to be returned and parameters are always stored
+    in tuples.  As a consequence invalid gettext calls (calls without a single
+    string parameter or string parameters after non-string parameters) are
+    skipped.
+
+    This example explains the behavior:
+
+    >>> from jinja2 import Environment
+    >>> env = Environment()
+    >>> node = env.parse('{{ (_("foo"), _(), ngettext("foo", "bar", 42)) }}')
+    >>> list(extract_from_ast(node))
+    [(1, '_', 'foo'), (1, '_', ()), (1, 'ngettext', ('foo', 'bar', None))]
+    >>> list(extract_from_ast(node, babel_style=False))
+    [(1, '_', ('foo',)), (1, 'ngettext', ('foo', 'bar'))]
+
+    For every string found this function yields a ``(lineno, function,
+    message)`` tuple, where:
+
+    * ``lineno`` is the number of the line on which the string was found,
+    * ``function`` is the name of the ``gettext`` function used (if the
+      string was extracted from embedded Python code), and
+    *   ``message`` is the string, or a tuple of strings for functions
+         with multiple string arguments.
+
+    This extraction function operates on the AST and is because of that unable
+    to extract any comments.  For comment support you have to use the babel
+    extraction interface or extract comments yourself.
+    """
+    out: t.Union[t.Optional[str], t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], ...]]
+
+    for node in ast.find_all(nodes.Call):
+        if (
+            not isinstance(node.node, nodes.Name)
+            or node.node.name not in gettext_functions
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        strings: t.List[t.Optional[str]] = []
+
+        for arg in node.args:
+            if isinstance(arg, nodes.Const) and isinstance(arg.value, str):
+                strings.append(arg.value)
+            else:
+                strings.append(None)
+
+        for _ in node.kwargs:
+            strings.append(None)
+        if node.dyn_args is not None:
+            strings.append(None)
+        if node.dyn_kwargs is not None:
+            strings.append(None)
+
+        if not babel_style:
+            out = tuple(x for x in strings if x is not None)
+
+            if not out:
+                continue
+        else:
+            if len(strings) == 1:
+                out = strings[0]
+            else:
+                out = tuple(strings)
+
+        yield node.lineno, node.node.name, out
+
+
+class _CommentFinder:
+    """Helper class to find comments in a token stream.  Can only
+    find comments for gettext calls forwards.  Once the comment
+    from line 4 is found, a comment for line 1 will not return a
+    usable value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, tokens: t.Sequence[t.Tuple[int, str, str]], comment_tags: t.Sequence[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        self.tokens = tokens
+        self.comment_tags = comment_tags
+        self.offset = 0
+        self.last_lineno = 0
+
+    def find_backwards(self, offset: int) -> t.List[str]:
+        try:
+            for _, token_type, token_value in reversed(
+                self.tokens[self.offset : offset]
+            ):
+                if token_type in ("comment", "linecomment"):
+                    try:
+                        prefix, comment = token_value.split(None, 1)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        continue
+                    if prefix in self.comment_tags:
+                        return [comment.rstrip()]
+            return []
+        finally:
+            self.offset = offset
+
+    def find_comments(self, lineno: int) -> t.List[str]:
+        if not self.comment_tags or self.last_lineno > lineno:
+            return []
+        for idx, (token_lineno, _, _) in enumerate(self.tokens[self.offset :]):
+            if token_lineno > lineno:
+                return self.find_backwards(self.offset + idx)
+        return self.find_backwards(len(self.tokens))
+
+
+def babel_extract(
+    fileobj: t.BinaryIO,
+    keywords: t.Sequence[str],
+    comment_tags: t.Sequence[str],
+    options: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
+) -> t.Iterator[
+    t.Tuple[
+        int, str, t.Union[t.Optional[str], t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], ...]], t.List[str]
+    ]
+]:
+    """Babel extraction method for Jinja templates.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+       Basic support for translation comments was added.  If `comment_tags`
+       is now set to a list of keywords for extraction, the extractor will
+       try to find the best preceding comment that begins with one of the
+       keywords.  For best results, make sure to not have more than one
+       gettext call in one line of code and the matching comment in the
+       same line or the line before.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5.1
+       The `newstyle_gettext` flag can be set to `True` to enable newstyle
+       gettext calls.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.7
+       A `silent` option can now be provided.  If set to `False` template
+       syntax errors are propagated instead of being ignored.
+
+    :param fileobj: the file-like object the messages should be extracted from
+    :param keywords: a list of keywords (i.e. function names) that should be
+                     recognized as translation functions
+    :param comment_tags: a list of translator tags to search for and include
+                         in the results.
+    :param options: a dictionary of additional options (optional)
+    :return: an iterator over ``(lineno, funcname, message, comments)`` tuples.
+             (comments will be empty currently)
+    """
+    extensions: t.Dict[t.Type[Extension], None] = {}
+
+    for extension_name in options.get("extensions", "").split(","):
+        extension_name = extension_name.strip()
+
+        if not extension_name:
+            continue
+
+        extensions[import_string(extension_name)] = None
+
+    if InternationalizationExtension not in extensions:
+        extensions[InternationalizationExtension] = None
+
+    def getbool(options: t.Mapping[str, str], key: str, default: bool = False) -> bool:
+        return options.get(key, str(default)).lower() in {"1", "on", "yes", "true"}
+
+    silent = getbool(options, "silent", True)
+    environment = Environment(
+        options.get("block_start_string", defaults.BLOCK_START_STRING),
+        options.get("block_end_string", defaults.BLOCK_END_STRING),
+        options.get("variable_start_string", defaults.VARIABLE_START_STRING),
+        options.get("variable_end_string", defaults.VARIABLE_END_STRING),
+        options.get("comment_start_string", defaults.COMMENT_START_STRING),
+        options.get("comment_end_string", defaults.COMMENT_END_STRING),
+        options.get("line_statement_prefix") or defaults.LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX,
+        options.get("line_comment_prefix") or defaults.LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX,
+        getbool(options, "trim_blocks", defaults.TRIM_BLOCKS),
+        getbool(options, "lstrip_blocks", defaults.LSTRIP_BLOCKS),
+        defaults.NEWLINE_SEQUENCE,
+        getbool(options, "keep_trailing_newline", defaults.KEEP_TRAILING_NEWLINE),
+        tuple(extensions),
+        cache_size=0,
+        auto_reload=False,
+    )
+
+    if getbool(options, "trimmed"):
+        environment.policies["ext.i18n.trimmed"] = True
+    if getbool(options, "newstyle_gettext"):
+        environment.newstyle_gettext = True  # type: ignore
+
+    source = fileobj.read().decode(options.get("encoding", "utf-8"))
+    try:
+        node = environment.parse(source)
+        tokens = list(environment.lex(environment.preprocess(source)))
+    except TemplateSyntaxError:
+        if not silent:
+            raise
+        # skip templates with syntax errors
+        return
+
+    finder = _CommentFinder(tokens, comment_tags)
+    for lineno, func, message in extract_from_ast(node, keywords):
+        yield lineno, func, message, finder.find_comments(lineno)
+
+
+#: nicer import names
+i18n = InternationalizationExtension
+do = ExprStmtExtension
+loopcontrols = LoopControlExtension
+debug = DebugExtension
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/filters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/filters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b5a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/filters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1878 @@
+"""Built-in template filters used with the ``|`` operator."""
+
+import math
+import random
+import re
+import typing
+import typing as t
+from collections import abc
+from itertools import chain
+from itertools import groupby
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+from markupsafe import Markup
+from markupsafe import soft_str
+
+from .async_utils import async_variant
+from .async_utils import auto_aiter
+from .async_utils import auto_await
+from .async_utils import auto_to_list
+from .exceptions import FilterArgumentError
+from .runtime import Undefined
+from .utils import htmlsafe_json_dumps
+from .utils import pass_context
+from .utils import pass_environment
+from .utils import pass_eval_context
+from .utils import pformat
+from .utils import url_quote
+from .utils import urlize
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+    from .nodes import EvalContext
+    from .runtime import Context
+    from .sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment  # noqa: F401
+
+    class HasHTML(te.Protocol):
+        def __html__(self) -> str:
+            pass
+
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+K = t.TypeVar("K")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def ignore_case(value: V) -> V:
+    """For use as a postprocessor for :func:`make_attrgetter`. Converts strings
+    to lowercase and returns other types as-is."""
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return t.cast(V, value.lower())
+
+    return value
+
+
+def make_attrgetter(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
+    postprocess: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
+    """Returns a callable that looks up the given attribute from a
+    passed object with the rules of the environment.  Dots are allowed
+    to access attributes of attributes.  Integer parts in paths are
+    looked up as integers.
+    """
+    parts = _prepare_attribute_parts(attribute)
+
+    def attrgetter(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        for part in parts:
+            item = environment.getitem(item, part)
+
+            if default is not None and isinstance(item, Undefined):
+                item = default
+
+        if postprocess is not None:
+            item = postprocess(item)
+
+        return item
+
+    return attrgetter
+
+
+def make_multi_attrgetter(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
+    postprocess: t.Optional[t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.List[t.Any]]:
+    """Returns a callable that looks up the given comma separated
+    attributes from a passed object with the rules of the environment.
+    Dots are allowed to access attributes of each attribute.  Integer
+    parts in paths are looked up as integers.
+
+    The value returned by the returned callable is a list of extracted
+    attribute values.
+
+    Examples of attribute: "attr1,attr2", "attr1.inner1.0,attr2.inner2.0", etc.
+    """
+    if isinstance(attribute, str):
+        split: t.Sequence[t.Union[str, int, None]] = attribute.split(",")
+    else:
+        split = [attribute]
+
+    parts = [_prepare_attribute_parts(item) for item in split]
+
+    def attrgetter(item: t.Any) -> t.List[t.Any]:
+        items = [None] * len(parts)
+
+        for i, attribute_part in enumerate(parts):
+            item_i = item
+
+            for part in attribute_part:
+                item_i = environment.getitem(item_i, part)
+
+            if postprocess is not None:
+                item_i = postprocess(item_i)
+
+            items[i] = item_i
+
+        return items
+
+    return attrgetter
+
+
+def _prepare_attribute_parts(
+    attr: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
+) -> t.List[t.Union[str, int]]:
+    if attr is None:
+        return []
+
+    if isinstance(attr, str):
+        return [int(x) if x.isdigit() else x for x in attr.split(".")]
+
+    return [attr]
+
+
+def do_forceescape(value: "t.Union[str, HasHTML]") -> Markup:
+    """Enforce HTML escaping.  This will probably double escape variables."""
+    if hasattr(value, "__html__"):
+        value = t.cast("HasHTML", value).__html__()
+
+    return escape(str(value))
+
+
+def do_urlencode(
+    value: t.Union[str, t.Mapping[str, t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]]],
+) -> str:
+    """Quote data for use in a URL path or query using UTF-8.
+
+    Basic wrapper around :func:`urllib.parse.quote` when given a
+    string, or :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` for a dict or iterable.
+
+    :param value: Data to quote. A string will be quoted directly. A
+        dict or iterable of ``(key, value)`` pairs will be joined as a
+        query string.
+
+    When given a string, "/" is not quoted. HTTP servers treat "/" and
+    "%2F" equivalently in paths. If you need quoted slashes, use the
+    ``|replace("/", "%2F")`` filter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str) or not isinstance(value, abc.Iterable):
+        return url_quote(value)
+
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        items: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]] = value.items()
+    else:
+        items = value  # type: ignore
+
+    return "&".join(
+        f"{url_quote(k, for_qs=True)}={url_quote(v, for_qs=True)}" for k, v in items
+    )
+
+
+@pass_eval_context
+def do_replace(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext", s: str, old: str, new: str, count: t.Optional[int] = None
+) -> str:
+    """Return a copy of the value with all occurrences of a substring
+    replaced with a new one. The first argument is the substring
+    that should be replaced, the second is the replacement string.
+    If the optional third argument ``count`` is given, only the first
+    ``count`` occurrences are replaced:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ "Hello World"|replace("Hello", "Goodbye") }}
+            -> Goodbye World
+
+        {{ "aaaaargh"|replace("a", "d'oh, ", 2) }}
+            -> d'oh, d'oh, aaargh
+    """
+    if count is None:
+        count = -1
+
+    if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
+        return str(s).replace(str(old), str(new), count)
+
+    if (
+        hasattr(old, "__html__")
+        or hasattr(new, "__html__")
+        and not hasattr(s, "__html__")
+    ):
+        s = escape(s)
+    else:
+        s = soft_str(s)
+
+    return s.replace(soft_str(old), soft_str(new), count)
+
+
+def do_upper(s: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a value to uppercase."""
+    return soft_str(s).upper()
+
+
+def do_lower(s: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a value to lowercase."""
+    return soft_str(s).lower()
+
+
+def do_items(value: t.Union[t.Mapping[K, V], Undefined]) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[K, V]]:
+    """Return an iterator over the ``(key, value)`` items of a mapping.
+
+    ``x|items`` is the same as ``x.items()``, except if ``x`` is
+    undefined an empty iterator is returned.
+
+    This filter is useful if you expect the template to be rendered with
+    an implementation of Jinja in another programming language that does
+    not have a ``.items()`` method on its mapping type.
+
+    .. code-block:: html+jinja
+
+        <dl>
+        {% for key, value in my_dict|items %}
+            <dt>{{ key }}
+            <dd>{{ value }}
+        {% endfor %}
+        </dl>
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, Undefined):
+        return
+
+    if not isinstance(value, abc.Mapping):
+        raise TypeError("Can only get item pairs from a mapping.")
+
+    yield from value.items()
+
+
+# Check for characters that would move the parser state from key to value.
+# https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#attribute-name-state
+_attr_key_re = re.compile(r"[\s/>=]", flags=re.ASCII)
+
+
+@pass_eval_context
+def do_xmlattr(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext", d: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], autospace: bool = True
+) -> str:
+    """Create an SGML/XML attribute string based on the items in a dict.
+
+    **Values** that are neither ``none`` nor ``undefined`` are automatically
+    escaped, safely allowing untrusted user input.
+
+    User input should not be used as **keys** to this filter. If any key
+    contains a space, ``/`` solidus, ``>`` greater-than sign, or ``=`` equals
+    sign, this fails with a ``ValueError``. Regardless of this, user input
+    should never be used as keys to this filter, or must be separately validated
+    first.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+        <ul{{ {'class': 'my_list', 'missing': none,
+                'id': 'list-%d'|format(variable)}|xmlattr }}>
+        ...
+        </ul>
+
+    Results in something like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html
+
+        <ul class="my_list" id="list-42">
+        ...
+        </ul>
+
+    As you can see it automatically prepends a space in front of the item
+    if the filter returned something unless the second parameter is false.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1.4
+        Keys with ``/`` solidus, ``>`` greater-than sign, or ``=`` equals sign
+        are not allowed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1.3
+        Keys with spaces are not allowed.
+    """
+    items = []
+
+    for key, value in d.items():
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, Undefined):
+            continue
+
+        if _attr_key_re.search(key) is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid character in attribute name: {key!r}")
+
+        items.append(f'{escape(key)}="{escape(value)}"')
+
+    rv = " ".join(items)
+
+    if autospace and rv:
+        rv = " " + rv
+
+    if eval_ctx.autoescape:
+        rv = Markup(rv)
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def do_capitalize(s: str) -> str:
+    """Capitalize a value. The first character will be uppercase, all others
+    lowercase.
+    """
+    return soft_str(s).capitalize()
+
+
+_word_beginning_split_re = re.compile(r"([-\s({\[<]+)")
+
+
+def do_title(s: str) -> str:
+    """Return a titlecased version of the value. I.e. words will start with
+    uppercase letters, all remaining characters are lowercase.
+    """
+    return "".join(
+        [
+            item[0].upper() + item[1:].lower()
+            for item in _word_beginning_split_re.split(soft_str(s))
+            if item
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def do_dictsort(
+    value: t.Mapping[K, V],
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    by: 'te.Literal["key", "value"]' = "key",
+    reverse: bool = False,
+) -> t.List[t.Tuple[K, V]]:
+    """Sort a dict and yield (key, value) pairs. Python dicts may not
+    be in the order you want to display them in, so sort them first.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% for key, value in mydict|dictsort %}
+            sort the dict by key, case insensitive
+
+        {% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(reverse=true) %}
+            sort the dict by key, case insensitive, reverse order
+
+        {% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(true) %}
+            sort the dict by key, case sensitive
+
+        {% for key, value in mydict|dictsort(false, 'value') %}
+            sort the dict by value, case insensitive
+    """
+    if by == "key":
+        pos = 0
+    elif by == "value":
+        pos = 1
+    else:
+        raise FilterArgumentError('You can only sort by either "key" or "value"')
+
+    def sort_func(item: t.Tuple[t.Any, t.Any]) -> t.Any:
+        value = item[pos]
+
+        if not case_sensitive:
+            value = ignore_case(value)
+
+        return value
+
+    return sorted(value.items(), key=sort_func, reverse=reverse)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_sort(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    reverse: bool = False,
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> "t.List[V]":
+    """Sort an iterable using Python's :func:`sorted`.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% for city in cities|sort %}
+            ...
+        {% endfor %}
+
+    :param reverse: Sort descending instead of ascending.
+    :param case_sensitive: When sorting strings, sort upper and lower
+        case separately.
+    :param attribute: When sorting objects or dicts, an attribute or
+        key to sort by. Can use dot notation like ``"address.city"``.
+        Can be a list of attributes like ``"age,name"``.
+
+    The sort is stable, it does not change the relative order of
+    elements that compare equal. This makes it is possible to chain
+    sorts on different attributes and ordering.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% for user in users|sort(attribute="name")
+            |sort(reverse=true, attribute="age") %}
+            ...
+        {% endfor %}
+
+    As a shortcut to chaining when the direction is the same for all
+    attributes, pass a comma separate list of attributes.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% for user in users|sort(attribute="age,name") %}
+            ...
+        {% endfor %}
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11.0
+        The ``attribute`` parameter can be a comma separated list of
+        attributes, e.g. ``"age,name"``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
+       The ``attribute`` parameter was added.
+    """
+    key_func = make_multi_attrgetter(
+        environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
+    )
+    return sorted(value, key=key_func, reverse=reverse)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def sync_do_unique(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    """Returns a list of unique items from the given iterable.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar', 'FooBar']|unique|list }}
+            -> ['foo', 'bar', 'foobar']
+
+    The unique items are yielded in the same order as their first occurrence in
+    the iterable passed to the filter.
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
+    :param attribute: Filter objects with unique values for this attribute.
+    """
+    getter = make_attrgetter(
+        environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
+    )
+    seen = set()
+
+    for item in value:
+        key = getter(item)
+
+        if key not in seen:
+            seen.add(key)
+            yield item
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_unique)  # type: ignore
+async def do_unique(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    return sync_do_unique(
+        environment, await auto_to_list(value), case_sensitive, attribute
+    )
+
+
+def _min_or_max(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    func: "t.Callable[..., V]",
+    case_sensitive: bool,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]],
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    it = iter(value)
+
+    try:
+        first = next(it)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return environment.undefined("No aggregated item, sequence was empty.")
+
+    key_func = make_attrgetter(
+        environment, attribute, postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None
+    )
+    return func(chain([first], it), key=key_func)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_min(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    """Return the smallest item from the sequence.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ [1, 2, 3]|min }}
+            -> 1
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
+    :param attribute: Get the object with the min value of this attribute.
+    """
+    return _min_or_max(environment, value, min, case_sensitive, attribute)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_max(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    """Return the largest item from the sequence.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ [1, 2, 3]|max }}
+            -> 3
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Treat upper and lower case strings as distinct.
+    :param attribute: Get the object with the max value of this attribute.
+    """
+    return _min_or_max(environment, value, max, case_sensitive, attribute)
+
+
+def do_default(
+    value: V,
+    default_value: V = "",  # type: ignore
+    boolean: bool = False,
+) -> V:
+    """If the value is undefined it will return the passed default value,
+    otherwise the value of the variable:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ my_variable|default('my_variable is not defined') }}
+
+    This will output the value of ``my_variable`` if the variable was
+    defined, otherwise ``'my_variable is not defined'``. If you want
+    to use default with variables that evaluate to false you have to
+    set the second parameter to `true`:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ ''|default('the string was empty', true) }}
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+       It's now possible to configure the :class:`~jinja2.Environment` with
+       :class:`~jinja2.ChainableUndefined` to make the `default` filter work
+       on nested elements and attributes that may contain undefined values
+       in the chain without getting an :exc:`~jinja2.UndefinedError`.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, Undefined) or (boolean and not value):
+        return default_value
+
+    return value
+
+
+@pass_eval_context
+def sync_do_join(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
+    value: t.Iterable[t.Any],
+    d: str = "",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
+    sequence. The separator between elements is an empty string per
+    default, you can define it with the optional parameter:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ [1, 2, 3]|join('|') }}
+            -> 1|2|3
+
+        {{ [1, 2, 3]|join }}
+            -> 123
+
+    It is also possible to join certain attributes of an object:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ users|join(', ', attribute='username') }}
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.6
+       The `attribute` parameter was added.
+    """
+    if attribute is not None:
+        value = map(make_attrgetter(eval_ctx.environment, attribute), value)
+
+    # no automatic escaping?  joining is a lot easier then
+    if not eval_ctx.autoescape:
+        return str(d).join(map(str, value))
+
+    # if the delimiter doesn't have an html representation we check
+    # if any of the items has.  If yes we do a coercion to Markup
+    if not hasattr(d, "__html__"):
+        value = list(value)
+        do_escape = False
+
+        for idx, item in enumerate(value):
+            if hasattr(item, "__html__"):
+                do_escape = True
+            else:
+                value[idx] = str(item)
+
+        if do_escape:
+            d = escape(d)
+        else:
+            d = str(d)
+
+        return d.join(value)
+
+    # no html involved, to normal joining
+    return soft_str(d).join(map(soft_str, value))
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_join)  # type: ignore
+async def do_join(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
+    value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Any]],
+    d: str = "",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+) -> str:
+    return sync_do_join(eval_ctx, await auto_to_list(value), d, attribute)
+
+
+def do_center(value: str, width: int = 80) -> str:
+    """Centers the value in a field of a given width."""
+    return soft_str(value).center(width)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def sync_do_first(
+    environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Iterable[V]"
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    """Return the first item of a sequence."""
+    try:
+        return next(iter(seq))
+    except StopIteration:
+        return environment.undefined("No first item, sequence was empty.")
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_first)  # type: ignore
+async def do_first(
+    environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]"
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    try:
+        return await auto_aiter(seq).__anext__()
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        return environment.undefined("No first item, sequence was empty.")
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_last(
+    environment: "Environment", seq: "t.Reversible[V]"
+) -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    """Return the last item of a sequence.
+
+    Note: Does not work with generators. You may want to explicitly
+    convert it to a list:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ data | selectattr('name', '==', 'Jinja') | list | last }}
+    """
+    try:
+        return next(iter(reversed(seq)))
+    except StopIteration:
+        return environment.undefined("No last item, sequence was empty.")
+
+
+# No async do_last, it may not be safe in async mode.
+
+
+@pass_context
+def do_random(context: "Context", seq: "t.Sequence[V]") -> "t.Union[V, Undefined]":
+    """Return a random item from the sequence."""
+    try:
+        return random.choice(seq)
+    except IndexError:
+        return context.environment.undefined("No random item, sequence was empty.")
+
+
+def do_filesizeformat(value: t.Union[str, float, int], binary: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Format the value like a 'human-readable' file size (i.e. 13 kB,
+    4.1 MB, 102 Bytes, etc).  Per default decimal prefixes are used (Mega,
+    Giga, etc.), if the second parameter is set to `True` the binary
+    prefixes are used (Mebi, Gibi).
+    """
+    bytes = float(value)
+    base = 1024 if binary else 1000
+    prefixes = [
+        ("KiB" if binary else "kB"),
+        ("MiB" if binary else "MB"),
+        ("GiB" if binary else "GB"),
+        ("TiB" if binary else "TB"),
+        ("PiB" if binary else "PB"),
+        ("EiB" if binary else "EB"),
+        ("ZiB" if binary else "ZB"),
+        ("YiB" if binary else "YB"),
+    ]
+
+    if bytes == 1:
+        return "1 Byte"
+    elif bytes < base:
+        return f"{int(bytes)} Bytes"
+    else:
+        for i, prefix in enumerate(prefixes):
+            unit = base ** (i + 2)
+
+            if bytes < unit:
+                return f"{base * bytes / unit:.1f} {prefix}"
+
+        return f"{base * bytes / unit:.1f} {prefix}"
+
+
+def do_pprint(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Pretty print a variable. Useful for debugging."""
+    return pformat(value)
+
+
+_uri_scheme_re = re.compile(r"^([\w.+-]{2,}:(/){0,2})$")
+
+
+@pass_eval_context
+def do_urlize(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext",
+    value: str,
+    trim_url_limit: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    nofollow: bool = False,
+    target: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    rel: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    extra_schemes: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Convert URLs in text into clickable links.
+
+    This may not recognize links in some situations. Usually, a more
+    comprehensive formatter, such as a Markdown library, is a better
+    choice.
+
+    Works on ``http://``, ``https://``, ``www.``, ``mailto:``, and email
+    addresses. Links with trailing punctuation (periods, commas, closing
+    parentheses) and leading punctuation (opening parentheses) are
+    recognized excluding the punctuation. Email addresses that include
+    header fields are not recognized (for example,
+    ``mailto:address@example.com?cc=copy@example.com``).
+
+    :param value: Original text containing URLs to link.
+    :param trim_url_limit: Shorten displayed URL values to this length.
+    :param nofollow: Add the ``rel=nofollow`` attribute to links.
+    :param target: Add the ``target`` attribute to links.
+    :param rel: Add the ``rel`` attribute to links.
+    :param extra_schemes: Recognize URLs that start with these schemes
+        in addition to the default behavior. Defaults to
+        ``env.policies["urlize.extra_schemes"]``, which defaults to no
+        extra schemes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``extra_schemes`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Generate ``https://`` links for URLs without a scheme.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The parsing rules were updated. Recognize email addresses with
+        or without the ``mailto:`` scheme. Validate IP addresses. Ignore
+        parentheses and brackets in more cases.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.8
+       The ``target`` parameter was added.
+    """
+    policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
+    rel_parts = set((rel or "").split())
+
+    if nofollow:
+        rel_parts.add("nofollow")
+
+    rel_parts.update((policies["urlize.rel"] or "").split())
+    rel = " ".join(sorted(rel_parts)) or None
+
+    if target is None:
+        target = policies["urlize.target"]
+
+    if extra_schemes is None:
+        extra_schemes = policies["urlize.extra_schemes"] or ()
+
+    for scheme in extra_schemes:
+        if _uri_scheme_re.fullmatch(scheme) is None:
+            raise FilterArgumentError(f"{scheme!r} is not a valid URI scheme prefix.")
+
+    rv = urlize(
+        value,
+        trim_url_limit=trim_url_limit,
+        rel=rel,
+        target=target,
+        extra_schemes=extra_schemes,
+    )
+
+    if eval_ctx.autoescape:
+        rv = Markup(rv)
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def do_indent(
+    s: str, width: t.Union[int, str] = 4, first: bool = False, blank: bool = False
+) -> str:
+    """Return a copy of the string with each line indented by 4 spaces. The
+    first line and blank lines are not indented by default.
+
+    :param width: Number of spaces, or a string, to indent by.
+    :param first: Don't skip indenting the first line.
+    :param blank: Don't skip indenting empty lines.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        ``width`` can be a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.10
+        Blank lines are not indented by default.
+
+        Rename the ``indentfirst`` argument to ``first``.
+    """
+    if isinstance(width, str):
+        indention = width
+    else:
+        indention = " " * width
+
+    newline = "\n"
+
+    if isinstance(s, Markup):
+        indention = Markup(indention)
+        newline = Markup(newline)
+
+    s += newline  # this quirk is necessary for splitlines method
+
+    if blank:
+        rv = (newline + indention).join(s.splitlines())
+    else:
+        lines = s.splitlines()
+        rv = lines.pop(0)
+
+        if lines:
+            rv += newline + newline.join(
+                indention + line if line else line for line in lines
+            )
+
+    if first:
+        rv = indention + rv
+
+    return rv
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_truncate(
+    env: "Environment",
+    s: str,
+    length: int = 255,
+    killwords: bool = False,
+    end: str = "...",
+    leeway: t.Optional[int] = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Return a truncated copy of the string. The length is specified
+    with the first parameter which defaults to ``255``. If the second
+    parameter is ``true`` the filter will cut the text at length. Otherwise
+    it will discard the last word. If the text was in fact
+    truncated it will append an ellipsis sign (``"..."``). If you want a
+    different ellipsis sign than ``"..."`` you can specify it using the
+    third parameter. Strings that only exceed the length by the tolerance
+    margin given in the fourth parameter will not be truncated.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9) }}
+            -> "foo..."
+        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(9, True) }}
+            -> "foo ba..."
+        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11) }}
+            -> "foo bar baz qux"
+        {{ "foo bar baz qux"|truncate(11, False, '...', 0) }}
+            -> "foo bar..."
+
+    The default leeway on newer Jinja versions is 5 and was 0 before but
+    can be reconfigured globally.
+    """
+    if leeway is None:
+        leeway = env.policies["truncate.leeway"]
+
+    assert length >= len(end), f"expected length >= {len(end)}, got {length}"
+    assert leeway >= 0, f"expected leeway >= 0, got {leeway}"
+
+    if len(s) <= length + leeway:
+        return s
+
+    if killwords:
+        return s[: length - len(end)] + end
+
+    result = s[: length - len(end)].rsplit(" ", 1)[0]
+    return result + end
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_wordwrap(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    s: str,
+    width: int = 79,
+    break_long_words: bool = True,
+    wrapstring: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    break_on_hyphens: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Wrap a string to the given width. Existing newlines are treated
+    as paragraphs to be wrapped separately.
+
+    :param s: Original text to wrap.
+    :param width: Maximum length of wrapped lines.
+    :param break_long_words: If a word is longer than ``width``, break
+        it across lines.
+    :param break_on_hyphens: If a word contains hyphens, it may be split
+        across lines.
+    :param wrapstring: String to join each wrapped line. Defaults to
+        :attr:`Environment.newline_sequence`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+        Existing newlines are treated as paragraphs wrapped separately.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11
+        Added the ``break_on_hyphens`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.7
+        Added the ``wrapstring`` parameter.
+    """
+    import textwrap
+
+    if wrapstring is None:
+        wrapstring = environment.newline_sequence
+
+    # textwrap.wrap doesn't consider existing newlines when wrapping.
+    # If the string has a newline before width, wrap will still insert
+    # a newline at width, resulting in a short line. Instead, split and
+    # wrap each paragraph individually.
+    return wrapstring.join(
+        [
+            wrapstring.join(
+                textwrap.wrap(
+                    line,
+                    width=width,
+                    expand_tabs=False,
+                    replace_whitespace=False,
+                    break_long_words=break_long_words,
+                    break_on_hyphens=break_on_hyphens,
+                )
+            )
+            for line in s.splitlines()
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+_word_re = re.compile(r"\w+")
+
+
+def do_wordcount(s: str) -> int:
+    """Count the words in that string."""
+    return len(_word_re.findall(soft_str(s)))
+
+
+def do_int(value: t.Any, default: int = 0, base: int = 10) -> int:
+    """Convert the value into an integer. If the
+    conversion doesn't work it will return ``0``. You can
+    override this default using the first parameter. You
+    can also override the default base (10) in the second
+    parameter, which handles input with prefixes such as
+    0b, 0o and 0x for bases 2, 8 and 16 respectively.
+    The base is ignored for decimal numbers and non-string values.
+    """
+    try:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return int(value, base)
+
+        return int(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        # this quirk is necessary so that "42.23"|int gives 42.
+        try:
+            return int(float(value))
+        except (TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):
+            return default
+
+
+def do_float(value: t.Any, default: float = 0.0) -> float:
+    """Convert the value into a floating point number. If the
+    conversion doesn't work it will return ``0.0``. You can
+    override this default using the first parameter.
+    """
+    try:
+        return float(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return default
+
+
+def do_format(value: str, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Apply the given values to a `printf-style`_ format string, like
+    ``string % values``.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ "%s, %s!"|format(greeting, name) }}
+        Hello, World!
+
+    In most cases it should be more convenient and efficient to use the
+    ``%`` operator or :meth:`str.format`.
+
+    .. code-block:: text
+
+        {{ "%s, %s!" % (greeting, name) }}
+        {{ "{}, {}!".format(greeting, name) }}
+
+    .. _printf-style: https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html
+        #printf-style-string-formatting
+    """
+    if args and kwargs:
+        raise FilterArgumentError(
+            "can't handle positional and keyword arguments at the same time"
+        )
+
+    return soft_str(value) % (kwargs or args)
+
+
+def do_trim(value: str, chars: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+    """Strip leading and trailing characters, by default whitespace."""
+    return soft_str(value).strip(chars)
+
+
+def do_striptags(value: "t.Union[str, HasHTML]") -> str:
+    """Strip SGML/XML tags and replace adjacent whitespace by one space."""
+    if hasattr(value, "__html__"):
+        value = t.cast("HasHTML", value).__html__()
+
+    return Markup(str(value)).striptags()
+
+
+def sync_do_slice(
+    value: "t.Collection[V]", slices: int, fill_with: "t.Optional[V]" = None
+) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
+    """Slice an iterator and return a list of lists containing
+    those items. Useful if you want to create a div containing
+    three ul tags that represent columns:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+        <div class="columnwrapper">
+          {%- for column in items|slice(3) %}
+            <ul class="column-{{ loop.index }}">
+            {%- for item in column %}
+              <li>{{ item }}</li>
+            {%- endfor %}
+            </ul>
+          {%- endfor %}
+        </div>
+
+    If you pass it a second argument it's used to fill missing
+    values on the last iteration.
+    """
+    seq = list(value)
+    length = len(seq)
+    items_per_slice = length // slices
+    slices_with_extra = length % slices
+    offset = 0
+
+    for slice_number in range(slices):
+        start = offset + slice_number * items_per_slice
+
+        if slice_number < slices_with_extra:
+            offset += 1
+
+        end = offset + (slice_number + 1) * items_per_slice
+        tmp = seq[start:end]
+
+        if fill_with is not None and slice_number >= slices_with_extra:
+            tmp.append(fill_with)
+
+        yield tmp
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_slice)  # type: ignore
+async def do_slice(
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    slices: int,
+    fill_with: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
+    return sync_do_slice(await auto_to_list(value), slices, fill_with)
+
+
+def do_batch(
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]", linecount: int, fill_with: "t.Optional[V]" = None
+) -> "t.Iterator[t.List[V]]":
+    """
+    A filter that batches items. It works pretty much like `slice`
+    just the other way round. It returns a list of lists with the
+    given number of items. If you provide a second parameter this
+    is used to fill up missing items. See this example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+        <table>
+        {%- for row in items|batch(3, '&nbsp;') %}
+          <tr>
+          {%- for column in row %}
+            <td>{{ column }}</td>
+          {%- endfor %}
+          </tr>
+        {%- endfor %}
+        </table>
+    """
+    tmp: t.List[V] = []
+
+    for item in value:
+        if len(tmp) == linecount:
+            yield tmp
+            tmp = []
+
+        tmp.append(item)
+
+    if tmp:
+        if fill_with is not None and len(tmp) < linecount:
+            tmp += [fill_with] * (linecount - len(tmp))
+
+        yield tmp
+
+
+def do_round(
+    value: float,
+    precision: int = 0,
+    method: 'te.Literal["common", "ceil", "floor"]' = "common",
+) -> float:
+    """Round the number to a given precision. The first
+    parameter specifies the precision (default is ``0``), the
+    second the rounding method:
+
+    - ``'common'`` rounds either up or down
+    - ``'ceil'`` always rounds up
+    - ``'floor'`` always rounds down
+
+    If you don't specify a method ``'common'`` is used.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ 42.55|round }}
+            -> 43.0
+        {{ 42.55|round(1, 'floor') }}
+            -> 42.5
+
+    Note that even if rounded to 0 precision, a float is returned.  If
+    you need a real integer, pipe it through `int`:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ 42.55|round|int }}
+            -> 43
+    """
+    if method not in {"common", "ceil", "floor"}:
+        raise FilterArgumentError("method must be common, ceil or floor")
+
+    if method == "common":
+        return round(value, precision)
+
+    func = getattr(math, method)
+    return t.cast(float, func(value * (10**precision)) / (10**precision))
+
+
+class _GroupTuple(t.NamedTuple):
+    grouper: t.Any
+    list: t.List[t.Any]
+
+    # Use the regular tuple repr to hide this subclass if users print
+    # out the value during debugging.
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return tuple.__repr__(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return tuple.__str__(self)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def sync_do_groupby(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    attribute: t.Union[str, int],
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+) -> "t.List[_GroupTuple]":
+    """Group a sequence of objects by an attribute using Python's
+    :func:`itertools.groupby`. The attribute can use dot notation for
+    nested access, like ``"address.city"``. Unlike Python's ``groupby``,
+    the values are sorted first so only one group is returned for each
+    unique value.
+
+    For example, a list of ``User`` objects with a ``city`` attribute
+    can be rendered in groups. In this example, ``grouper`` refers to
+    the ``city`` value of the group.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+        <ul>{% for city, items in users|groupby("city") %}
+          <li>{{ city }}
+            <ul>{% for user in items %}
+              <li>{{ user.name }}
+            {% endfor %}</ul>
+          </li>
+        {% endfor %}</ul>
+
+    ``groupby`` yields namedtuples of ``(grouper, list)``, which
+    can be used instead of the tuple unpacking above. ``grouper`` is the
+    value of the attribute, and ``list`` is the items with that value.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html+jinja
+
+        <ul>{% for group in users|groupby("city") %}
+          <li>{{ group.grouper }}: {{ group.list|join(", ") }}
+        {% endfor %}</ul>
+
+    You can specify a ``default`` value to use if an object in the list
+    does not have the given attribute.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        <ul>{% for city, items in users|groupby("city", default="NY") %}
+          <li>{{ city }}: {{ items|map(attribute="name")|join(", ") }}</li>
+        {% endfor %}</ul>
+
+    Like the :func:`~jinja-filters.sort` filter, sorting and grouping is
+    case-insensitive by default. The ``key`` for each group will have
+    the case of the first item in that group of values. For example, if
+    a list of users has cities ``["CA", "NY", "ca"]``, the "CA" group
+    will have two values. This can be disabled by passing
+    ``case_sensitive=True``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Added the ``case_sensitive`` parameter. Sorting and grouping is
+        case-insensitive by default, matching other filters that do
+        comparisons.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
+        The attribute supports dot notation for nested access.
+    """
+    expr = make_attrgetter(
+        environment,
+        attribute,
+        postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None,
+        default=default,
+    )
+    out = [
+        _GroupTuple(key, list(values))
+        for key, values in groupby(sorted(value, key=expr), expr)
+    ]
+
+    if not case_sensitive:
+        # Return the real key from the first value instead of the lowercase key.
+        output_expr = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute, default=default)
+        out = [_GroupTuple(output_expr(values[0]), values) for _, values in out]
+
+    return out
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_groupby)  # type: ignore
+async def do_groupby(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    attribute: t.Union[str, int],
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+) -> "t.List[_GroupTuple]":
+    expr = make_attrgetter(
+        environment,
+        attribute,
+        postprocess=ignore_case if not case_sensitive else None,
+        default=default,
+    )
+    out = [
+        _GroupTuple(key, await auto_to_list(values))
+        for key, values in groupby(sorted(await auto_to_list(value), key=expr), expr)
+    ]
+
+    if not case_sensitive:
+        # Return the real key from the first value instead of the lowercase key.
+        output_expr = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute, default=default)
+        out = [_GroupTuple(output_expr(values[0]), values) for _, values in out]
+
+    return out
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def sync_do_sum(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    iterable: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+    start: V = 0,  # type: ignore
+) -> V:
+    """Returns the sum of a sequence of numbers plus the value of parameter
+    'start' (which defaults to 0).  When the sequence is empty it returns
+    start.
+
+    It is also possible to sum up only certain attributes:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        Total: {{ items|sum(attribute='price') }}
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.6
+       The ``attribute`` parameter was added to allow summing up over
+       attributes.  Also the ``start`` parameter was moved on to the right.
+    """
+    if attribute is not None:
+        iterable = map(make_attrgetter(environment, attribute), iterable)
+
+    return sum(iterable, start)  # type: ignore[no-any-return, call-overload]
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_sum)  # type: ignore
+async def do_sum(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    iterable: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    attribute: t.Optional[t.Union[str, int]] = None,
+    start: V = 0,  # type: ignore
+) -> V:
+    rv = start
+
+    if attribute is not None:
+        func = make_attrgetter(environment, attribute)
+    else:
+
+        def func(x: V) -> V:
+            return x
+
+    async for item in auto_aiter(iterable):
+        rv += func(item)
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def sync_do_list(value: "t.Iterable[V]") -> "t.List[V]":
+    """Convert the value into a list.  If it was a string the returned list
+    will be a list of characters.
+    """
+    return list(value)
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_list)  # type: ignore
+async def do_list(value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]") -> "t.List[V]":
+    return await auto_to_list(value)
+
+
+def do_mark_safe(value: str) -> Markup:
+    """Mark the value as safe which means that in an environment with automatic
+    escaping enabled this variable will not be escaped.
+    """
+    return Markup(value)
+
+
+def do_mark_unsafe(value: str) -> str:
+    """Mark a value as unsafe.  This is the reverse operation for :func:`safe`."""
+    return str(value)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def do_reverse(value: str) -> str: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def do_reverse(value: "t.Iterable[V]") -> "t.Iterable[V]": ...
+
+
+def do_reverse(value: t.Union[str, t.Iterable[V]]) -> t.Union[str, t.Iterable[V]]:
+    """Reverse the object or return an iterator that iterates over it the other
+    way round.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return value[::-1]
+
+    try:
+        return reversed(value)  # type: ignore
+    except TypeError:
+        try:
+            rv = list(value)
+            rv.reverse()
+            return rv
+        except TypeError as e:
+            raise FilterArgumentError("argument must be iterable") from e
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def do_attr(
+    environment: "Environment", obj: t.Any, name: str
+) -> t.Union[Undefined, t.Any]:
+    """Get an attribute of an object.  ``foo|attr("bar")`` works like
+    ``foo.bar`` just that always an attribute is returned and items are not
+    looked up.
+
+    See :ref:`Notes on subscriptions <notes-on-subscriptions>` for more details.
+    """
+    try:
+        name = str(name)
+    except UnicodeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        try:
+            value = getattr(obj, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if environment.sandboxed:
+                environment = t.cast("SandboxedEnvironment", environment)
+
+                if not environment.is_safe_attribute(obj, name, value):
+                    return environment.unsafe_undefined(obj, name)
+
+            return value
+
+    return environment.undefined(obj=obj, name=name)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def sync_do_map(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: t.Iterable[t.Any],
+    name: str,
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def sync_do_map(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: t.Iterable[t.Any],
+    *,
+    attribute: str = ...,
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@pass_context
+def sync_do_map(
+    context: "Context", value: t.Iterable[t.Any], *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]:
+    """Applies a filter on a sequence of objects or looks up an attribute.
+    This is useful when dealing with lists of objects but you are really
+    only interested in a certain value of it.
+
+    The basic usage is mapping on an attribute.  Imagine you have a list
+    of users but you are only interested in a list of usernames:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        Users on this page: {{ users|map(attribute='username')|join(', ') }}
+
+    You can specify a ``default`` value to use if an object in the list
+    does not have the given attribute.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ users|map(attribute="username", default="Anonymous")|join(", ") }}
+
+    Alternatively you can let it invoke a filter by passing the name of the
+    filter and the arguments afterwards.  A good example would be applying a
+    text conversion filter on a sequence:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        Users on this page: {{ titles|map('lower')|join(', ') }}
+
+    Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        (u.username for u in users)
+        (getattr(u, "username", "Anonymous") for u in users)
+        (do_lower(x) for x in titles)
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.11.0
+        Added the ``default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    if value:
+        func = prepare_map(context, args, kwargs)
+
+        for item in value:
+            yield func(item)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def do_map(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Any]],
+    name: str,
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def do_map(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Any]],
+    *,
+    attribute: str = ...,
+    default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
+) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_map)  # type: ignore
+async def do_map(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[t.Any], t.Iterable[t.Any]],
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.AsyncIterable[t.Any]:
+    if value:
+        func = prepare_map(context, args, kwargs)
+
+        async for item in auto_aiter(value):
+            yield await auto_await(func(item))
+
+
+@pass_context
+def sync_do_select(
+    context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
+    and only selecting the objects with the test succeeding.
+
+    If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ numbers|select("odd") }}
+        {{ numbers|select("odd") }}
+        {{ numbers|select("divisibleby", 3) }}
+        {{ numbers|select("lessthan", 42) }}
+        {{ strings|select("equalto", "mystring") }}
+
+    Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        (n for n in numbers if test_odd(n))
+        (n for n in numbers if test_divisibleby(n, 3))
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_select)  # type: ignore
+async def do_select(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
+
+
+@pass_context
+def sync_do_reject(
+    context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to each object,
+    and rejecting the objects with the test succeeding.
+
+    If no test is specified, each object will be evaluated as a boolean.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ numbers|reject("odd") }}
+
+    Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        (n for n in numbers if not test_odd(n))
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_reject)  # type: ignore
+async def do_reject(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
+
+
+@pass_context
+def sync_do_selectattr(
+    context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
+    attribute of each object, and only selecting the objects with the
+    test succeeding.
+
+    If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
+    a boolean.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ users|selectattr("is_active") }}
+        {{ users|selectattr("email", "none") }}
+
+    Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        (user for user in users if user.is_active)
+        (user for user in users if test_none(user.email))
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_selectattr)  # type: ignore
+async def do_selectattr(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
+
+
+@pass_context
+def sync_do_rejectattr(
+    context: "Context", value: "t.Iterable[V]", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    """Filters a sequence of objects by applying a test to the specified
+    attribute of each object, and rejecting the objects with the test
+    succeeding.
+
+    If no test is specified, the attribute's value will be evaluated as
+    a boolean.
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {{ users|rejectattr("is_active") }}
+        {{ users|rejectattr("email", "none") }}
+
+    Similar to a generator comprehension such as:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        (user for user in users if not user.is_active)
+        (user for user in users if not test_none(user.email))
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7
+    """
+    return select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
+
+
+@async_variant(sync_do_rejectattr)  # type: ignore
+async def do_rejectattr(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    *args: t.Any,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    return async_select_or_reject(context, value, args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
+
+
+@pass_eval_context
+def do_tojson(
+    eval_ctx: "EvalContext", value: t.Any, indent: t.Optional[int] = None
+) -> Markup:
+    """Serialize an object to a string of JSON, and mark it safe to
+    render in HTML. This filter is only for use in HTML documents.
+
+    The returned string is safe to render in HTML documents and
+    ``<script>`` tags. The exception is in HTML attributes that are
+    double quoted; either use single quotes or the ``|forceescape``
+    filter.
+
+    :param value: The object to serialize to JSON.
+    :param indent: The ``indent`` parameter passed to ``dumps``, for
+        pretty-printing the value.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+    policies = eval_ctx.environment.policies
+    dumps = policies["json.dumps_function"]
+    kwargs = policies["json.dumps_kwargs"]
+
+    if indent is not None:
+        kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+        kwargs["indent"] = indent
+
+    return htmlsafe_json_dumps(value, dumps=dumps, **kwargs)
+
+
+def prepare_map(
+    context: "Context", args: t.Tuple[t.Any, ...], kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any]
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
+    if not args and "attribute" in kwargs:
+        attribute = kwargs.pop("attribute")
+        default = kwargs.pop("default", None)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            raise FilterArgumentError(
+                f"Unexpected keyword argument {next(iter(kwargs))!r}"
+            )
+
+        func = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attribute, default=default)
+    else:
+        try:
+            name = args[0]
+            args = args[1:]
+        except LookupError:
+            raise FilterArgumentError("map requires a filter argument") from None
+
+        def func(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return context.environment.call_filter(
+                name, item, args, kwargs, context=context
+            )
+
+    return func
+
+
+def prepare_select_or_reject(
+    context: "Context",
+    args: t.Tuple[t.Any, ...],
+    kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
+    modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
+    lookup_attr: bool,
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]:
+    if lookup_attr:
+        try:
+            attr = args[0]
+        except LookupError:
+            raise FilterArgumentError("Missing parameter for attribute name") from None
+
+        transfunc = make_attrgetter(context.environment, attr)
+        off = 1
+    else:
+        off = 0
+
+        def transfunc(x: V) -> V:
+            return x
+
+    try:
+        name = args[off]
+        args = args[1 + off :]
+
+        def func(item: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return context.environment.call_test(name, item, args, kwargs, context)
+
+    except LookupError:
+        func = bool  # type: ignore
+
+    return lambda item: modfunc(func(transfunc(item)))
+
+
+def select_or_reject(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Iterable[V]",
+    args: t.Tuple[t.Any, ...],
+    kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
+    modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
+    lookup_attr: bool,
+) -> "t.Iterator[V]":
+    if value:
+        func = prepare_select_or_reject(context, args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
+
+        for item in value:
+            if func(item):
+                yield item
+
+
+async def async_select_or_reject(
+    context: "Context",
+    value: "t.Union[t.AsyncIterable[V], t.Iterable[V]]",
+    args: t.Tuple[t.Any, ...],
+    kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
+    modfunc: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any],
+    lookup_attr: bool,
+) -> "t.AsyncIterator[V]":
+    if value:
+        func = prepare_select_or_reject(context, args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
+
+        async for item in auto_aiter(value):
+            if func(item):
+                yield item
+
+
+FILTERS = {
+    "abs": abs,
+    "attr": do_attr,
+    "batch": do_batch,
+    "capitalize": do_capitalize,
+    "center": do_center,
+    "count": len,
+    "d": do_default,
+    "default": do_default,
+    "dictsort": do_dictsort,
+    "e": escape,
+    "escape": escape,
+    "filesizeformat": do_filesizeformat,
+    "first": do_first,
+    "float": do_float,
+    "forceescape": do_forceescape,
+    "format": do_format,
+    "groupby": do_groupby,
+    "indent": do_indent,
+    "int": do_int,
+    "join": do_join,
+    "last": do_last,
+    "length": len,
+    "list": do_list,
+    "lower": do_lower,
+    "items": do_items,
+    "map": do_map,
+    "min": do_min,
+    "max": do_max,
+    "pprint": do_pprint,
+    "random": do_random,
+    "reject": do_reject,
+    "rejectattr": do_rejectattr,
+    "replace": do_replace,
+    "reverse": do_reverse,
+    "round": do_round,
+    "safe": do_mark_safe,
+    "select": do_select,
+    "selectattr": do_selectattr,
+    "slice": do_slice,
+    "sort": do_sort,
+    "string": soft_str,
+    "striptags": do_striptags,
+    "sum": do_sum,
+    "title": do_title,
+    "trim": do_trim,
+    "truncate": do_truncate,
+    "unique": do_unique,
+    "upper": do_upper,
+    "urlencode": do_urlencode,
+    "urlize": do_urlize,
+    "wordcount": do_wordcount,
+    "wordwrap": do_wordwrap,
+    "xmlattr": do_xmlattr,
+    "tojson": do_tojson,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/idtracking.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/idtracking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6dd8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/idtracking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+import typing as t
+
+from . import nodes
+from .visitor import NodeVisitor
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER = "param"
+VAR_LOAD_RESOLVE = "resolve"
+VAR_LOAD_ALIAS = "alias"
+VAR_LOAD_UNDEFINED = "undefined"
+
+
+def find_symbols(
+    nodes: t.Iterable[nodes.Node], parent_symbols: t.Optional["Symbols"] = None
+) -> "Symbols":
+    sym = Symbols(parent=parent_symbols)
+    visitor = FrameSymbolVisitor(sym)
+    for node in nodes:
+        visitor.visit(node)
+    return sym
+
+
+def symbols_for_node(
+    node: nodes.Node, parent_symbols: t.Optional["Symbols"] = None
+) -> "Symbols":
+    sym = Symbols(parent=parent_symbols)
+    sym.analyze_node(node)
+    return sym
+
+
+class Symbols:
+    def __init__(
+        self, parent: t.Optional["Symbols"] = None, level: t.Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if level is None:
+            if parent is None:
+                level = 0
+            else:
+                level = parent.level + 1
+
+        self.level: int = level
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.refs: t.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.loads: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.stores: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+    def analyze_node(self, node: nodes.Node, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        visitor = RootVisitor(self)
+        visitor.visit(node, **kwargs)
+
+    def _define_ref(
+        self, name: str, load: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str]]] = None
+    ) -> str:
+        ident = f"l_{self.level}_{name}"
+        self.refs[name] = ident
+        if load is not None:
+            self.loads[ident] = load
+        return ident
+
+    def find_load(self, target: str) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+        if target in self.loads:
+            return self.loads[target]
+
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            return self.parent.find_load(target)
+
+        return None
+
+    def find_ref(self, name: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
+        if name in self.refs:
+            return self.refs[name]
+
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            return self.parent.find_ref(name)
+
+        return None
+
+    def ref(self, name: str) -> str:
+        rv = self.find_ref(name)
+        if rv is None:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "Tried to resolve a name to a reference that was"
+                f" unknown to the frame ({name!r})"
+            )
+        return rv
+
+    def copy(self) -> "te.Self":
+        rv = object.__new__(self.__class__)
+        rv.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
+        rv.refs = self.refs.copy()
+        rv.loads = self.loads.copy()
+        rv.stores = self.stores.copy()
+        return rv
+
+    def store(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.stores.add(name)
+
+        # If we have not see the name referenced yet, we need to figure
+        # out what to set it to.
+        if name not in self.refs:
+            # If there is a parent scope we check if the name has a
+            # reference there.  If it does it means we might have to alias
+            # to a variable there.
+            if self.parent is not None:
+                outer_ref = self.parent.find_ref(name)
+                if outer_ref is not None:
+                    self._define_ref(name, load=(VAR_LOAD_ALIAS, outer_ref))
+                    return
+
+            # Otherwise we can just set it to undefined.
+            self._define_ref(name, load=(VAR_LOAD_UNDEFINED, None))
+
+    def declare_parameter(self, name: str) -> str:
+        self.stores.add(name)
+        return self._define_ref(name, load=(VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER, None))
+
+    def load(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if self.find_ref(name) is None:
+            self._define_ref(name, load=(VAR_LOAD_RESOLVE, name))
+
+    def branch_update(self, branch_symbols: t.Sequence["Symbols"]) -> None:
+        stores: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+        for branch in branch_symbols:
+            stores.update(branch.stores)
+
+        stores.difference_update(self.stores)
+
+        for sym in branch_symbols:
+            self.refs.update(sym.refs)
+            self.loads.update(sym.loads)
+            self.stores.update(sym.stores)
+
+        for name in stores:
+            target = self.find_ref(name)
+            assert target is not None, "should not happen"
+
+            if self.parent is not None:
+                outer_target = self.parent.find_ref(name)
+                if outer_target is not None:
+                    self.loads[target] = (VAR_LOAD_ALIAS, outer_target)
+                    continue
+            self.loads[target] = (VAR_LOAD_RESOLVE, name)
+
+    def dump_stores(self) -> t.Dict[str, str]:
+        rv: t.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        node: t.Optional[Symbols] = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            for name in sorted(node.stores):
+                if name not in rv:
+                    rv[name] = self.find_ref(name)  # type: ignore
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return rv
+
+    def dump_param_targets(self) -> t.Set[str]:
+        rv = set()
+        node: t.Optional[Symbols] = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            for target, (instr, _) in self.loads.items():
+                if instr == VAR_LOAD_PARAMETER:
+                    rv.add(target)
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return rv
+
+
+class RootVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self, symbols: "Symbols") -> None:
+        self.sym_visitor = FrameSymbolVisitor(symbols)
+
+    def _simple_visit(self, node: nodes.Node, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for child in node.iter_child_nodes():
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(child)
+
+    visit_Template = _simple_visit
+    visit_Block = _simple_visit
+    visit_Macro = _simple_visit
+    visit_FilterBlock = _simple_visit
+    visit_Scope = _simple_visit
+    visit_If = _simple_visit
+    visit_ScopedEvalContextModifier = _simple_visit
+
+    def visit_AssignBlock(self, node: nodes.AssignBlock, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for child in node.body:
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(child)
+
+    def visit_CallBlock(self, node: nodes.CallBlock, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for child in node.iter_child_nodes(exclude=("call",)):
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(child)
+
+    def visit_OverlayScope(self, node: nodes.OverlayScope, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for child in node.body:
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(child)
+
+    def visit_For(
+        self, node: nodes.For, for_branch: str = "body", **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> None:
+        if for_branch == "body":
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(node.target, store_as_param=True)
+            branch = node.body
+        elif for_branch == "else":
+            branch = node.else_
+        elif for_branch == "test":
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(node.target, store_as_param=True)
+            if node.test is not None:
+                self.sym_visitor.visit(node.test)
+            return
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("Unknown for branch")
+
+        if branch:
+            for item in branch:
+                self.sym_visitor.visit(item)
+
+    def visit_With(self, node: nodes.With, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for target in node.targets:
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(target)
+        for child in node.body:
+            self.sym_visitor.visit(child)
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node: nodes.Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Cannot find symbols for {type(node).__name__!r}")
+
+
+class FrameSymbolVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+    """A visitor for `Frame.inspect`."""
+
+    def __init__(self, symbols: "Symbols") -> None:
+        self.symbols = symbols
+
+    def visit_Name(
+        self, node: nodes.Name, store_as_param: bool = False, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> None:
+        """All assignments to names go through this function."""
+        if store_as_param or node.ctx == "param":
+            self.symbols.declare_parameter(node.name)
+        elif node.ctx == "store":
+            self.symbols.store(node.name)
+        elif node.ctx == "load":
+            self.symbols.load(node.name)
+
+    def visit_NSRef(self, node: nodes.NSRef, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.symbols.load(node.name)
+
+    def visit_If(self, node: nodes.If, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.visit(node.test, **kwargs)
+        original_symbols = self.symbols
+
+        def inner_visit(nodes: t.Iterable[nodes.Node]) -> "Symbols":
+            self.symbols = rv = original_symbols.copy()
+
+            for subnode in nodes:
+                self.visit(subnode, **kwargs)
+
+            self.symbols = original_symbols
+            return rv
+
+        body_symbols = inner_visit(node.body)
+        elif_symbols = inner_visit(node.elif_)
+        else_symbols = inner_visit(node.else_ or ())
+        self.symbols.branch_update([body_symbols, elif_symbols, else_symbols])
+
+    def visit_Macro(self, node: nodes.Macro, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.symbols.store(node.name)
+
+    def visit_Import(self, node: nodes.Import, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.generic_visit(node, **kwargs)
+        self.symbols.store(node.target)
+
+    def visit_FromImport(self, node: nodes.FromImport, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.generic_visit(node, **kwargs)
+
+        for name in node.names:
+            if isinstance(name, tuple):
+                self.symbols.store(name[1])
+            else:
+                self.symbols.store(name)
+
+    def visit_Assign(self, node: nodes.Assign, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Visit assignments in the correct order."""
+        self.visit(node.node, **kwargs)
+        self.visit(node.target, **kwargs)
+
+    def visit_For(self, node: nodes.For, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Visiting stops at for blocks.  However the block sequence
+        is visited as part of the outer scope.
+        """
+        self.visit(node.iter, **kwargs)
+
+    def visit_CallBlock(self, node: nodes.CallBlock, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.visit(node.call, **kwargs)
+
+    def visit_FilterBlock(self, node: nodes.FilterBlock, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.visit(node.filter, **kwargs)
+
+    def visit_With(self, node: nodes.With, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        for target in node.values:
+            self.visit(target)
+
+    def visit_AssignBlock(self, node: nodes.AssignBlock, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Stop visiting at block assigns."""
+        self.visit(node.target, **kwargs)
+
+    def visit_Scope(self, node: nodes.Scope, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Stop visiting at scopes."""
+
+    def visit_Block(self, node: nodes.Block, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Stop visiting at blocks."""
+
+    def visit_OverlayScope(self, node: nodes.OverlayScope, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Do not visit into overlay scopes."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/lexer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/lexer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b1c969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/lexer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+"""Implements a Jinja / Python combination lexer. The ``Lexer`` class
+is used to do some preprocessing. It filters out invalid operators like
+the bitshift operators we don't allow in templates. It separates
+template code and python code in expressions.
+"""
+
+import re
+import typing as t
+from ast import literal_eval
+from collections import deque
+from sys import intern
+
+from ._identifier import pattern as name_re
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
+from .utils import LRUCache
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+# cache for the lexers. Exists in order to be able to have multiple
+# environments with the same lexer
+_lexer_cache: t.MutableMapping[t.Tuple, "Lexer"] = LRUCache(50)  # type: ignore
+
+# static regular expressions
+whitespace_re = re.compile(r"\s+")
+newline_re = re.compile(r"(\r\n|\r|\n)")
+string_re = re.compile(
+    r"('([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)'" r'|"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)")', re.S
+)
+integer_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (
+        0b(_?[0-1])+ # binary
+    |
+        0o(_?[0-7])+ # octal
+    |
+        0x(_?[\da-f])+ # hex
+    |
+        [1-9](_?\d)* # decimal
+    |
+        0(_?0)* # decimal zero
+    )
+    """,
+    re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE,
+)
+float_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (?<!\.)  # doesn't start with a .
+    (\d+_)*\d+  # digits, possibly _ separated
+    (
+        (\.(\d+_)*\d+)?  # optional fractional part
+        e[+\-]?(\d+_)*\d+  # exponent part
+    |
+        \.(\d+_)*\d+  # required fractional part
+    )
+    """,
+    re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+# internal the tokens and keep references to them
+TOKEN_ADD = intern("add")
+TOKEN_ASSIGN = intern("assign")
+TOKEN_COLON = intern("colon")
+TOKEN_COMMA = intern("comma")
+TOKEN_DIV = intern("div")
+TOKEN_DOT = intern("dot")
+TOKEN_EQ = intern("eq")
+TOKEN_FLOORDIV = intern("floordiv")
+TOKEN_GT = intern("gt")
+TOKEN_GTEQ = intern("gteq")
+TOKEN_LBRACE = intern("lbrace")
+TOKEN_LBRACKET = intern("lbracket")
+TOKEN_LPAREN = intern("lparen")
+TOKEN_LT = intern("lt")
+TOKEN_LTEQ = intern("lteq")
+TOKEN_MOD = intern("mod")
+TOKEN_MUL = intern("mul")
+TOKEN_NE = intern("ne")
+TOKEN_PIPE = intern("pipe")
+TOKEN_POW = intern("pow")
+TOKEN_RBRACE = intern("rbrace")
+TOKEN_RBRACKET = intern("rbracket")
+TOKEN_RPAREN = intern("rparen")
+TOKEN_SEMICOLON = intern("semicolon")
+TOKEN_SUB = intern("sub")
+TOKEN_TILDE = intern("tilde")
+TOKEN_WHITESPACE = intern("whitespace")
+TOKEN_FLOAT = intern("float")
+TOKEN_INTEGER = intern("integer")
+TOKEN_NAME = intern("name")
+TOKEN_STRING = intern("string")
+TOKEN_OPERATOR = intern("operator")
+TOKEN_BLOCK_BEGIN = intern("block_begin")
+TOKEN_BLOCK_END = intern("block_end")
+TOKEN_VARIABLE_BEGIN = intern("variable_begin")
+TOKEN_VARIABLE_END = intern("variable_end")
+TOKEN_RAW_BEGIN = intern("raw_begin")
+TOKEN_RAW_END = intern("raw_end")
+TOKEN_COMMENT_BEGIN = intern("comment_begin")
+TOKEN_COMMENT_END = intern("comment_end")
+TOKEN_COMMENT = intern("comment")
+TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_BEGIN = intern("linestatement_begin")
+TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_END = intern("linestatement_end")
+TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_BEGIN = intern("linecomment_begin")
+TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_END = intern("linecomment_end")
+TOKEN_LINECOMMENT = intern("linecomment")
+TOKEN_DATA = intern("data")
+TOKEN_INITIAL = intern("initial")
+TOKEN_EOF = intern("eof")
+
+# bind operators to token types
+operators = {
+    "+": TOKEN_ADD,
+    "-": TOKEN_SUB,
+    "/": TOKEN_DIV,
+    "//": TOKEN_FLOORDIV,
+    "*": TOKEN_MUL,
+    "%": TOKEN_MOD,
+    "**": TOKEN_POW,
+    "~": TOKEN_TILDE,
+    "[": TOKEN_LBRACKET,
+    "]": TOKEN_RBRACKET,
+    "(": TOKEN_LPAREN,
+    ")": TOKEN_RPAREN,
+    "{": TOKEN_LBRACE,
+    "}": TOKEN_RBRACE,
+    "==": TOKEN_EQ,
+    "!=": TOKEN_NE,
+    ">": TOKEN_GT,
+    ">=": TOKEN_GTEQ,
+    "<": TOKEN_LT,
+    "<=": TOKEN_LTEQ,
+    "=": TOKEN_ASSIGN,
+    ".": TOKEN_DOT,
+    ":": TOKEN_COLON,
+    "|": TOKEN_PIPE,
+    ",": TOKEN_COMMA,
+    ";": TOKEN_SEMICOLON,
+}
+
+reverse_operators = {v: k for k, v in operators.items()}
+assert len(operators) == len(reverse_operators), "operators dropped"
+operator_re = re.compile(
+    f"({'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in sorted(operators, key=lambda x: -len(x)))})"
+)
+
+ignored_tokens = frozenset(
+    [
+        TOKEN_COMMENT_BEGIN,
+        TOKEN_COMMENT,
+        TOKEN_COMMENT_END,
+        TOKEN_WHITESPACE,
+        TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_BEGIN,
+        TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_END,
+        TOKEN_LINECOMMENT,
+    ]
+)
+ignore_if_empty = frozenset(
+    [TOKEN_WHITESPACE, TOKEN_DATA, TOKEN_COMMENT, TOKEN_LINECOMMENT]
+)
+
+
+def _describe_token_type(token_type: str) -> str:
+    if token_type in reverse_operators:
+        return reverse_operators[token_type]
+
+    return {
+        TOKEN_COMMENT_BEGIN: "begin of comment",
+        TOKEN_COMMENT_END: "end of comment",
+        TOKEN_COMMENT: "comment",
+        TOKEN_LINECOMMENT: "comment",
+        TOKEN_BLOCK_BEGIN: "begin of statement block",
+        TOKEN_BLOCK_END: "end of statement block",
+        TOKEN_VARIABLE_BEGIN: "begin of print statement",
+        TOKEN_VARIABLE_END: "end of print statement",
+        TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_BEGIN: "begin of line statement",
+        TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_END: "end of line statement",
+        TOKEN_DATA: "template data / text",
+        TOKEN_EOF: "end of template",
+    }.get(token_type, token_type)
+
+
+def describe_token(token: "Token") -> str:
+    """Returns a description of the token."""
+    if token.type == TOKEN_NAME:
+        return token.value
+
+    return _describe_token_type(token.type)
+
+
+def describe_token_expr(expr: str) -> str:
+    """Like `describe_token` but for token expressions."""
+    if ":" in expr:
+        type, value = expr.split(":", 1)
+
+        if type == TOKEN_NAME:
+            return value
+    else:
+        type = expr
+
+    return _describe_token_type(type)
+
+
+def count_newlines(value: str) -> int:
+    """Count the number of newline characters in the string.  This is
+    useful for extensions that filter a stream.
+    """
+    return len(newline_re.findall(value))
+
+
+def compile_rules(environment: "Environment") -> t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Compiles all the rules from the environment into a list of rules."""
+    e = re.escape
+    rules = [
+        (
+            len(environment.comment_start_string),
+            TOKEN_COMMENT_BEGIN,
+            e(environment.comment_start_string),
+        ),
+        (
+            len(environment.block_start_string),
+            TOKEN_BLOCK_BEGIN,
+            e(environment.block_start_string),
+        ),
+        (
+            len(environment.variable_start_string),
+            TOKEN_VARIABLE_BEGIN,
+            e(environment.variable_start_string),
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    if environment.line_statement_prefix is not None:
+        rules.append(
+            (
+                len(environment.line_statement_prefix),
+                TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_BEGIN,
+                r"^[ \t\v]*" + e(environment.line_statement_prefix),
+            )
+        )
+    if environment.line_comment_prefix is not None:
+        rules.append(
+            (
+                len(environment.line_comment_prefix),
+                TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_BEGIN,
+                r"(?:^|(?<=\S))[^\S\r\n]*" + e(environment.line_comment_prefix),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return [x[1:] for x in sorted(rules, reverse=True)]
+
+
+class Failure:
+    """Class that raises a `TemplateSyntaxError` if called.
+    Used by the `Lexer` to specify known errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, message: str, cls: t.Type[TemplateSyntaxError] = TemplateSyntaxError
+    ) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+        self.error_class = cls
+
+    def __call__(self, lineno: int, filename: t.Optional[str]) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        raise self.error_class(self.message, lineno, filename)
+
+
+class Token(t.NamedTuple):
+    lineno: int
+    type: str
+    value: str
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return describe_token(self)
+
+    def test(self, expr: str) -> bool:
+        """Test a token against a token expression.  This can either be a
+        token type or ``'token_type:token_value'``.  This can only test
+        against string values and types.
+        """
+        # here we do a regular string equality check as test_any is usually
+        # passed an iterable of not interned strings.
+        if self.type == expr:
+            return True
+
+        if ":" in expr:
+            return expr.split(":", 1) == [self.type, self.value]
+
+        return False
+
+    def test_any(self, *iterable: str) -> bool:
+        """Test against multiple token expressions."""
+        return any(self.test(expr) for expr in iterable)
+
+
+class TokenStreamIterator:
+    """The iterator for tokenstreams.  Iterate over the stream
+    until the eof token is reached.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: "TokenStream") -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> "TokenStreamIterator":
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> Token:
+        token = self.stream.current
+
+        if token.type is TOKEN_EOF:
+            self.stream.close()
+            raise StopIteration
+
+        next(self.stream)
+        return token
+
+
+class TokenStream:
+    """A token stream is an iterable that yields :class:`Token`\\s.  The
+    parser however does not iterate over it but calls :meth:`next` to go
+    one token ahead.  The current active token is stored as :attr:`current`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        generator: t.Iterable[Token],
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        filename: t.Optional[str],
+    ):
+        self._iter = iter(generator)
+        self._pushed: te.Deque[Token] = deque()
+        self.name = name
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.closed = False
+        self.current = Token(1, TOKEN_INITIAL, "")
+        next(self)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> TokenStreamIterator:
+        return TokenStreamIterator(self)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._pushed) or self.current.type is not TOKEN_EOF
+
+    @property
+    def eos(self) -> bool:
+        """Are we at the end of the stream?"""
+        return not self
+
+    def push(self, token: Token) -> None:
+        """Push a token back to the stream."""
+        self._pushed.append(token)
+
+    def look(self) -> Token:
+        """Look at the next token."""
+        old_token = next(self)
+        result = self.current
+        self.push(result)
+        self.current = old_token
+        return result
+
+    def skip(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Got n tokens ahead."""
+        for _ in range(n):
+            next(self)
+
+    def next_if(self, expr: str) -> t.Optional[Token]:
+        """Perform the token test and return the token if it matched.
+        Otherwise the return value is `None`.
+        """
+        if self.current.test(expr):
+            return next(self)
+
+        return None
+
+    def skip_if(self, expr: str) -> bool:
+        """Like :meth:`next_if` but only returns `True` or `False`."""
+        return self.next_if(expr) is not None
+
+    def __next__(self) -> Token:
+        """Go one token ahead and return the old one.
+
+        Use the built-in :func:`next` instead of calling this directly.
+        """
+        rv = self.current
+
+        if self._pushed:
+            self.current = self._pushed.popleft()
+        elif self.current.type is not TOKEN_EOF:
+            try:
+                self.current = next(self._iter)
+            except StopIteration:
+                self.close()
+
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the stream."""
+        self.current = Token(self.current.lineno, TOKEN_EOF, "")
+        self._iter = iter(())
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def expect(self, expr: str) -> Token:
+        """Expect a given token type and return it.  This accepts the same
+        argument as :meth:`jinja2.lexer.Token.test`.
+        """
+        if not self.current.test(expr):
+            expr = describe_token_expr(expr)
+
+            if self.current.type is TOKEN_EOF:
+                raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                    f"unexpected end of template, expected {expr!r}.",
+                    self.current.lineno,
+                    self.name,
+                    self.filename,
+                )
+
+            raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                f"expected token {expr!r}, got {describe_token(self.current)!r}",
+                self.current.lineno,
+                self.name,
+                self.filename,
+            )
+
+        return next(self)
+
+
+def get_lexer(environment: "Environment") -> "Lexer":
+    """Return a lexer which is probably cached."""
+    key = (
+        environment.block_start_string,
+        environment.block_end_string,
+        environment.variable_start_string,
+        environment.variable_end_string,
+        environment.comment_start_string,
+        environment.comment_end_string,
+        environment.line_statement_prefix,
+        environment.line_comment_prefix,
+        environment.trim_blocks,
+        environment.lstrip_blocks,
+        environment.newline_sequence,
+        environment.keep_trailing_newline,
+    )
+    lexer = _lexer_cache.get(key)
+
+    if lexer is None:
+        _lexer_cache[key] = lexer = Lexer(environment)
+
+    return lexer
+
+
+class OptionalLStrip(tuple):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    """A special tuple for marking a point in the state that can have
+    lstrip applied.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    # Even though it looks like a no-op, creating instances fails
+    # without this.
+    def __new__(cls, *members, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+        return super().__new__(cls, members)
+
+
+class _Rule(t.NamedTuple):
+    pattern: t.Pattern[str]
+    tokens: t.Union[str, t.Tuple[str, ...], t.Tuple[Failure]]
+    command: t.Optional[str]
+
+
+class Lexer:
+    """Class that implements a lexer for a given environment. Automatically
+    created by the environment class, usually you don't have to do that.
+
+    Note that the lexer is not automatically bound to an environment.
+    Multiple environments can share the same lexer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, environment: "Environment") -> None:
+        # shortcuts
+        e = re.escape
+
+        def c(x: str) -> t.Pattern[str]:
+            return re.compile(x, re.M | re.S)
+
+        # lexing rules for tags
+        tag_rules: t.List[_Rule] = [
+            _Rule(whitespace_re, TOKEN_WHITESPACE, None),
+            _Rule(float_re, TOKEN_FLOAT, None),
+            _Rule(integer_re, TOKEN_INTEGER, None),
+            _Rule(name_re, TOKEN_NAME, None),
+            _Rule(string_re, TOKEN_STRING, None),
+            _Rule(operator_re, TOKEN_OPERATOR, None),
+        ]
+
+        # assemble the root lexing rule. because "|" is ungreedy
+        # we have to sort by length so that the lexer continues working
+        # as expected when we have parsing rules like <% for block and
+        # <%= for variables. (if someone wants asp like syntax)
+        # variables are just part of the rules if variable processing
+        # is required.
+        root_tag_rules = compile_rules(environment)
+
+        block_start_re = e(environment.block_start_string)
+        block_end_re = e(environment.block_end_string)
+        comment_end_re = e(environment.comment_end_string)
+        variable_end_re = e(environment.variable_end_string)
+
+        # block suffix if trimming is enabled
+        block_suffix_re = "\\n?" if environment.trim_blocks else ""
+
+        self.lstrip_blocks = environment.lstrip_blocks
+
+        self.newline_sequence = environment.newline_sequence
+        self.keep_trailing_newline = environment.keep_trailing_newline
+
+        root_raw_re = (
+            rf"(?P<raw_begin>{block_start_re}(\-|\+|)\s*raw\s*"
+            rf"(?:\-{block_end_re}\s*|{block_end_re}))"
+        )
+        root_parts_re = "|".join(
+            [root_raw_re] + [rf"(?P<{n}>{r}(\-|\+|))" for n, r in root_tag_rules]
+        )
+
+        # global lexing rules
+        self.rules: t.Dict[str, t.List[_Rule]] = {
+            "root": [
+                # directives
+                _Rule(
+                    c(rf"(.*?)(?:{root_parts_re})"),
+                    OptionalLStrip(TOKEN_DATA, "#bygroup"),  # type: ignore
+                    "#bygroup",
+                ),
+                # data
+                _Rule(c(".+"), TOKEN_DATA, None),
+            ],
+            # comments
+            TOKEN_COMMENT_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(
+                    c(
+                        rf"(.*?)((?:\+{comment_end_re}|\-{comment_end_re}\s*"
+                        rf"|{comment_end_re}{block_suffix_re}))"
+                    ),
+                    (TOKEN_COMMENT, TOKEN_COMMENT_END),
+                    "#pop",
+                ),
+                _Rule(c(r"(.)"), (Failure("Missing end of comment tag"),), None),
+            ],
+            # blocks
+            TOKEN_BLOCK_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(
+                    c(
+                        rf"(?:\+{block_end_re}|\-{block_end_re}\s*"
+                        rf"|{block_end_re}{block_suffix_re})"
+                    ),
+                    TOKEN_BLOCK_END,
+                    "#pop",
+                ),
+            ]
+            + tag_rules,
+            # variables
+            TOKEN_VARIABLE_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(
+                    c(rf"\-{variable_end_re}\s*|{variable_end_re}"),
+                    TOKEN_VARIABLE_END,
+                    "#pop",
+                )
+            ]
+            + tag_rules,
+            # raw block
+            TOKEN_RAW_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(
+                    c(
+                        rf"(.*?)((?:{block_start_re}(\-|\+|))\s*endraw\s*"
+                        rf"(?:\+{block_end_re}|\-{block_end_re}\s*"
+                        rf"|{block_end_re}{block_suffix_re}))"
+                    ),
+                    OptionalLStrip(TOKEN_DATA, TOKEN_RAW_END),  # type: ignore
+                    "#pop",
+                ),
+                _Rule(c(r"(.)"), (Failure("Missing end of raw directive"),), None),
+            ],
+            # line statements
+            TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(c(r"\s*(\n|$)"), TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_END, "#pop")
+            ]
+            + tag_rules,
+            # line comments
+            TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_BEGIN: [
+                _Rule(
+                    c(r"(.*?)()(?=\n|$)"),
+                    (TOKEN_LINECOMMENT, TOKEN_LINECOMMENT_END),
+                    "#pop",
+                )
+            ],
+        }
+
+    def _normalize_newlines(self, value: str) -> str:
+        """Replace all newlines with the configured sequence in strings
+        and template data.
+        """
+        return newline_re.sub(self.newline_sequence, value)
+
+    def tokenize(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        state: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> TokenStream:
+        """Calls tokeniter + tokenize and wraps it in a token stream."""
+        stream = self.tokeniter(source, name, filename, state)
+        return TokenStream(self.wrap(stream, name, filename), name, filename)
+
+    def wrap(
+        self,
+        stream: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[int, str, str]],
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[Token]:
+        """This is called with the stream as returned by `tokenize` and wraps
+        every token in a :class:`Token` and converts the value.
+        """
+        for lineno, token, value_str in stream:
+            if token in ignored_tokens:
+                continue
+
+            value: t.Any = value_str
+
+            if token == TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_BEGIN:
+                token = TOKEN_BLOCK_BEGIN
+            elif token == TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_END:
+                token = TOKEN_BLOCK_END
+            # we are not interested in those tokens in the parser
+            elif token in (TOKEN_RAW_BEGIN, TOKEN_RAW_END):
+                continue
+            elif token == TOKEN_DATA:
+                value = self._normalize_newlines(value_str)
+            elif token == "keyword":
+                token = value_str
+            elif token == TOKEN_NAME:
+                value = value_str
+
+                if not value.isidentifier():
+                    raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                        "Invalid character in identifier", lineno, name, filename
+                    )
+            elif token == TOKEN_STRING:
+                # try to unescape string
+                try:
+                    value = (
+                        self._normalize_newlines(value_str[1:-1])
+                        .encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
+                        .decode("unicode-escape")
+                    )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = str(e).split(":")[-1].strip()
+                    raise TemplateSyntaxError(msg, lineno, name, filename) from e
+            elif token == TOKEN_INTEGER:
+                value = int(value_str.replace("_", ""), 0)
+            elif token == TOKEN_FLOAT:
+                # remove all "_" first to support more Python versions
+                value = literal_eval(value_str.replace("_", ""))
+            elif token == TOKEN_OPERATOR:
+                token = operators[value_str]
+
+            yield Token(lineno, token, value)
+
+    def tokeniter(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        state: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[int, str, str]]:
+        """This method tokenizes the text and returns the tokens in a
+        generator. Use this method if you just want to tokenize a template.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Only ``\\n``, ``\\r\\n`` and ``\\r`` are treated as line
+            breaks.
+        """
+        lines = newline_re.split(source)[::2]
+
+        if not self.keep_trailing_newline and lines[-1] == "":
+            del lines[-1]
+
+        source = "\n".join(lines)
+        pos = 0
+        lineno = 1
+        stack = ["root"]
+
+        if state is not None and state != "root":
+            assert state in ("variable", "block"), "invalid state"
+            stack.append(state + "_begin")
+
+        statetokens = self.rules[stack[-1]]
+        source_length = len(source)
+        balancing_stack: t.List[str] = []
+        newlines_stripped = 0
+        line_starting = True
+
+        while True:
+            # tokenizer loop
+            for regex, tokens, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = regex.match(source, pos)
+
+                # if no match we try again with the next rule
+                if m is None:
+                    continue
+
+                # we only match blocks and variables if braces / parentheses
+                # are balanced. continue parsing with the lower rule which
+                # is the operator rule. do this only if the end tags look
+                # like operators
+                if balancing_stack and tokens in (
+                    TOKEN_VARIABLE_END,
+                    TOKEN_BLOCK_END,
+                    TOKEN_LINESTATEMENT_END,
+                ):
+                    continue
+
+                # tuples support more options
+                if isinstance(tokens, tuple):
+                    groups: t.Sequence[str] = m.groups()
+
+                    if isinstance(tokens, OptionalLStrip):
+                        # Rule supports lstrip. Match will look like
+                        # text, block type, whitespace control, type, control, ...
+                        text = groups[0]
+                        # Skipping the text and first type, every other group is the
+                        # whitespace control for each type. One of the groups will be
+                        # -, +, or empty string instead of None.
+                        strip_sign = next(g for g in groups[2::2] if g is not None)
+
+                        if strip_sign == "-":
+                            # Strip all whitespace between the text and the tag.
+                            stripped = text.rstrip()
+                            newlines_stripped = text[len(stripped) :].count("\n")
+                            groups = [stripped, *groups[1:]]
+                        elif (
+                            # Not marked for preserving whitespace.
+                            strip_sign != "+"
+                            # lstrip is enabled.
+                            and self.lstrip_blocks
+                            # Not a variable expression.
+                            and not m.groupdict().get(TOKEN_VARIABLE_BEGIN)
+                        ):
+                            # The start of text between the last newline and the tag.
+                            l_pos = text.rfind("\n") + 1
+
+                            if l_pos > 0 or line_starting:
+                                # If there's only whitespace between the newline and the
+                                # tag, strip it.
+                                if whitespace_re.fullmatch(text, l_pos):
+                                    groups = [text[:l_pos], *groups[1:]]
+
+                    for idx, token in enumerate(tokens):
+                        # failure group
+                        if isinstance(token, Failure):
+                            raise token(lineno, filename)
+                        # bygroup is a bit more complex, in that case we
+                        # yield for the current token the first named
+                        # group that matched
+                        elif token == "#bygroup":
+                            for key, value in m.groupdict().items():
+                                if value is not None:
+                                    yield lineno, key, value
+                                    lineno += value.count("\n")
+                                    break
+                            else:
+                                raise RuntimeError(
+                                    f"{regex!r} wanted to resolve the token dynamically"
+                                    " but no group matched"
+                                )
+                        # normal group
+                        else:
+                            data = groups[idx]
+
+                            if data or token not in ignore_if_empty:
+                                yield lineno, token, data  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+                            lineno += data.count("\n") + newlines_stripped
+                            newlines_stripped = 0
+
+                # strings as token just are yielded as it.
+                else:
+                    data = m.group()
+
+                    # update brace/parentheses balance
+                    if tokens == TOKEN_OPERATOR:
+                        if data == "{":
+                            balancing_stack.append("}")
+                        elif data == "(":
+                            balancing_stack.append(")")
+                        elif data == "[":
+                            balancing_stack.append("]")
+                        elif data in ("}", ")", "]"):
+                            if not balancing_stack:
+                                raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                                    f"unexpected '{data}'", lineno, name, filename
+                                )
+
+                            expected_op = balancing_stack.pop()
+
+                            if expected_op != data:
+                                raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                                    f"unexpected '{data}', expected '{expected_op}'",
+                                    lineno,
+                                    name,
+                                    filename,
+                                )
+
+                    # yield items
+                    if data or tokens not in ignore_if_empty:
+                        yield lineno, tokens, data
+
+                    lineno += data.count("\n")
+
+                line_starting = m.group()[-1:] == "\n"
+                # fetch new position into new variable so that we can check
+                # if there is a internal parsing error which would result
+                # in an infinite loop
+                pos2 = m.end()
+
+                # handle state changes
+                if new_state is not None:
+                    # remove the uppermost state
+                    if new_state == "#pop":
+                        stack.pop()
+                    # resolve the new state by group checking
+                    elif new_state == "#bygroup":
+                        for key, value in m.groupdict().items():
+                            if value is not None:
+                                stack.append(key)
+                                break
+                        else:
+                            raise RuntimeError(
+                                f"{regex!r} wanted to resolve the new state dynamically"
+                                f" but no group matched"
+                            )
+                    # direct state name given
+                    else:
+                        stack.append(new_state)
+
+                    statetokens = self.rules[stack[-1]]
+                # we are still at the same position and no stack change.
+                # this means a loop without break condition, avoid that and
+                # raise error
+                elif pos2 == pos:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"{regex!r} yielded empty string without stack change"
+                    )
+
+                # publish new function and start again
+                pos = pos2
+                break
+            # if loop terminated without break we haven't found a single match
+            # either we are at the end of the file or we have a problem
+            else:
+                # end of text
+                if pos >= source_length:
+                    return
+
+                # something went wrong
+                raise TemplateSyntaxError(
+                    f"unexpected char {source[pos]!r} at {pos}", lineno, name, filename
+                )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/loaders.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/loaders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3913ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/loaders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+"""API and implementations for loading templates from different data
+sources.
+"""
+
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import posixpath
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import weakref
+import zipimport
+from collections import abc
+from hashlib import sha1
+from importlib import import_module
+from types import ModuleType
+
+from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound
+from .utils import internalcode
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .environment import Environment
+    from .environment import Template
+
+
+def split_template_path(template: str) -> t.List[str]:
+    """Split a path into segments and perform a sanity check.  If it detects
+    '..' in the path it will raise a `TemplateNotFound` error.
+    """
+    pieces = []
+    for piece in template.split("/"):
+        if (
+            os.path.sep in piece
+            or (os.path.altsep and os.path.altsep in piece)
+            or piece == os.path.pardir
+        ):
+            raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+        elif piece and piece != ".":
+            pieces.append(piece)
+    return pieces
+
+
+class BaseLoader:
+    """Baseclass for all loaders.  Subclass this and override `get_source` to
+    implement a custom loading mechanism.  The environment provides a
+    `get_template` method that calls the loader's `load` method to get the
+    :class:`Template` object.
+
+    A very basic example for a loader that looks up templates on the file
+    system could look like this::
+
+        from jinja2 import BaseLoader, TemplateNotFound
+        from os.path import join, exists, getmtime
+
+        class MyLoader(BaseLoader):
+
+            def __init__(self, path):
+                self.path = path
+
+            def get_source(self, environment, template):
+                path = join(self.path, template)
+                if not exists(path):
+                    raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+                mtime = getmtime(path)
+                with open(path) as f:
+                    source = f.read()
+                return source, path, lambda: mtime == getmtime(path)
+    """
+
+    #: if set to `False` it indicates that the loader cannot provide access
+    #: to the source of templates.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.4
+    has_source_access = True
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]:
+        """Get the template source, filename and reload helper for a template.
+        It's passed the environment and template name and has to return a
+        tuple in the form ``(source, filename, uptodate)`` or raise a
+        `TemplateNotFound` error if it can't locate the template.
+
+        The source part of the returned tuple must be the source of the
+        template as a string. The filename should be the name of the
+        file on the filesystem if it was loaded from there, otherwise
+        ``None``. The filename is used by Python for the tracebacks
+        if no loader extension is used.
+
+        The last item in the tuple is the `uptodate` function.  If auto
+        reloading is enabled it's always called to check if the template
+        changed.  No arguments are passed so the function must store the
+        old state somewhere (for example in a closure).  If it returns `False`
+        the template will be reloaded.
+        """
+        if not self.has_source_access:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"{type(self).__name__} cannot provide access to the source"
+            )
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        """Iterates over all templates.  If the loader does not support that
+        it should raise a :exc:`TypeError` which is the default behavior.
+        """
+        raise TypeError("this loader cannot iterate over all templates")
+
+    @internalcode
+    def load(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: str,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        """Loads a template.  This method looks up the template in the cache
+        or loads one by calling :meth:`get_source`.  Subclasses should not
+        override this method as loaders working on collections of other
+        loaders (such as :class:`PrefixLoader` or :class:`ChoiceLoader`)
+        will not call this method but `get_source` directly.
+        """
+        code = None
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+
+        # first we try to get the source for this template together
+        # with the filename and the uptodate function.
+        source, filename, uptodate = self.get_source(environment, name)
+
+        # try to load the code from the bytecode cache if there is a
+        # bytecode cache configured.
+        bcc = environment.bytecode_cache
+        if bcc is not None:
+            bucket = bcc.get_bucket(environment, name, filename, source)
+            code = bucket.code
+
+        # if we don't have code so far (not cached, no longer up to
+        # date) etc. we compile the template
+        if code is None:
+            code = environment.compile(source, name, filename)
+
+        # if the bytecode cache is available and the bucket doesn't
+        # have a code so far, we give the bucket the new code and put
+        # it back to the bytecode cache.
+        if bcc is not None and bucket.code is None:
+            bucket.code = code
+            bcc.set_bucket(bucket)
+
+        return environment.template_class.from_code(
+            environment, code, globals, uptodate
+        )
+
+
+class FileSystemLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """Load templates from a directory in the file system.
+
+    The path can be relative or absolute. Relative paths are relative to
+    the current working directory.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        loader = FileSystemLoader("templates")
+
+    A list of paths can be given. The directories will be searched in
+    order, stopping at the first matching template.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        loader = FileSystemLoader(["/override/templates", "/default/templates"])
+
+    :param searchpath: A path, or list of paths, to the directory that
+        contains the templates.
+    :param encoding: Use this encoding to read the text from template
+        files.
+    :param followlinks: Follow symbolic links in the path.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.8
+        Added the ``followlinks`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        searchpath: t.Union[
+            str, "os.PathLike[str]", t.Sequence[t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]]
+        ],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        followlinks: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(searchpath, abc.Iterable) or isinstance(searchpath, str):
+            searchpath = [searchpath]
+
+        self.searchpath = [os.fspath(p) for p in searchpath]
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.followlinks = followlinks
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, str, t.Callable[[], bool]]:
+        pieces = split_template_path(template)
+
+        for searchpath in self.searchpath:
+            # Use posixpath even on Windows to avoid "drive:" or UNC
+            # segments breaking out of the search directory.
+            filename = posixpath.join(searchpath, *pieces)
+
+            if os.path.isfile(filename):
+                break
+        else:
+            plural = "path" if len(self.searchpath) == 1 else "paths"
+            paths_str = ", ".join(repr(p) for p in self.searchpath)
+            raise TemplateNotFound(
+                template,
+                f"{template!r} not found in search {plural}: {paths_str}",
+            )
+
+        with open(filename, encoding=self.encoding) as f:
+            contents = f.read()
+
+        mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
+
+        def uptodate() -> bool:
+            try:
+                return os.path.getmtime(filename) == mtime
+            except OSError:
+                return False
+
+        # Use normpath to convert Windows altsep to sep.
+        return contents, os.path.normpath(filename), uptodate
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        found = set()
+        for searchpath in self.searchpath:
+            walk_dir = os.walk(searchpath, followlinks=self.followlinks)
+            for dirpath, _, filenames in walk_dir:
+                for filename in filenames:
+                    template = (
+                        os.path.join(dirpath, filename)[len(searchpath) :]
+                        .strip(os.path.sep)
+                        .replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+                    )
+                    if template[:2] == "./":
+                        template = template[2:]
+                    if template not in found:
+                        found.add(template)
+        return sorted(found)
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+
+    def _get_zipimporter_files(z: t.Any) -> t.Dict[str, object]:
+        try:
+            get_files = z._get_files
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "This zip import does not have the required"
+                " metadata to list templates."
+            ) from e
+        return get_files()
+else:
+
+    def _get_zipimporter_files(z: t.Any) -> t.Dict[str, object]:
+        try:
+            files = z._files
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "This zip import does not have the required"
+                " metadata to list templates."
+            ) from e
+        return files  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+class PackageLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """Load templates from a directory in a Python package.
+
+    :param package_name: Import name of the package that contains the
+        template directory.
+    :param package_path: Directory within the imported package that
+        contains the templates.
+    :param encoding: Encoding of template files.
+
+    The following example looks up templates in the ``pages`` directory
+    within the ``project.ui`` package.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        loader = PackageLoader("project.ui", "pages")
+
+    Only packages installed as directories (standard pip behavior) or
+    zip/egg files (less common) are supported. The Python API for
+    introspecting data in packages is too limited to support other
+    installation methods the way this loader requires.
+
+    There is limited support for :pep:`420` namespace packages. The
+    template directory is assumed to only be in one namespace
+    contributor. Zip files contributing to a namespace are not
+    supported.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        No longer uses ``setuptools`` as a dependency.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Limited PEP 420 namespace package support.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        package_name: str,
+        package_path: "str" = "templates",
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        package_path = os.path.normpath(package_path).rstrip(os.path.sep)
+
+        # normpath preserves ".", which isn't valid in zip paths.
+        if package_path == os.path.curdir:
+            package_path = ""
+        elif package_path[:2] == os.path.curdir + os.path.sep:
+            package_path = package_path[2:]
+
+        self.package_path = package_path
+        self.package_name = package_name
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+        # Make sure the package exists. This also makes namespace
+        # packages work, otherwise get_loader returns None.
+        import_module(package_name)
+        spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package_name)
+        assert spec is not None, "An import spec was not found for the package."
+        loader = spec.loader
+        assert loader is not None, "A loader was not found for the package."
+        self._loader = loader
+        self._archive = None
+
+        if isinstance(loader, zipimport.zipimporter):
+            self._archive = loader.archive
+            pkgdir = next(iter(spec.submodule_search_locations))  # type: ignore
+            template_root = os.path.join(pkgdir, package_path).rstrip(os.path.sep)
+        else:
+            roots: t.List[str] = []
+
+            # One element for regular packages, multiple for namespace
+            # packages, or None for single module file.
+            if spec.submodule_search_locations:
+                roots.extend(spec.submodule_search_locations)
+            # A single module file, use the parent directory instead.
+            elif spec.origin is not None:
+                roots.append(os.path.dirname(spec.origin))
+
+            if not roots:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The {package_name!r} package was not installed in a"
+                    " way that PackageLoader understands."
+                )
+
+            for root in roots:
+                root = os.path.join(root, package_path)
+
+                if os.path.isdir(root):
+                    template_root = root
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"PackageLoader could not find a {package_path!r} directory"
+                    f" in the {package_name!r} package."
+                )
+
+        self._template_root = template_root
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, str, t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]:
+        # Use posixpath even on Windows to avoid "drive:" or UNC
+        # segments breaking out of the search directory. Use normpath to
+        # convert Windows altsep to sep.
+        p = os.path.normpath(
+            posixpath.join(self._template_root, *split_template_path(template))
+        )
+        up_to_date: t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]
+
+        if self._archive is None:
+            # Package is a directory.
+            if not os.path.isfile(p):
+                raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+            with open(p, "rb") as f:
+                source = f.read()
+
+            mtime = os.path.getmtime(p)
+
+            def up_to_date() -> bool:
+                return os.path.isfile(p) and os.path.getmtime(p) == mtime
+
+        else:
+            # Package is a zip file.
+            try:
+                source = self._loader.get_data(p)  # type: ignore
+            except OSError as e:
+                raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e
+
+            # Could use the zip's mtime for all template mtimes, but
+            # would need to safely reload the module if it's out of
+            # date, so just report it as always current.
+            up_to_date = None
+
+        return source.decode(self.encoding), p, up_to_date
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        results: t.List[str] = []
+
+        if self._archive is None:
+            # Package is a directory.
+            offset = len(self._template_root)
+
+            for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(self._template_root):
+                dirpath = dirpath[offset:].lstrip(os.path.sep)
+                results.extend(
+                    os.path.join(dirpath, name).replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+                    for name in filenames
+                )
+        else:
+            files = _get_zipimporter_files(self._loader)
+
+            # Package is a zip file.
+            prefix = (
+                self._template_root[len(self._archive) :].lstrip(os.path.sep)
+                + os.path.sep
+            )
+            offset = len(prefix)
+
+            for name in files:
+                # Find names under the templates directory that aren't directories.
+                if name.startswith(prefix) and name[-1] != os.path.sep:
+                    results.append(name[offset:].replace(os.path.sep, "/"))
+
+        results.sort()
+        return results
+
+
+class DictLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """Loads a template from a Python dict mapping template names to
+    template source.  This loader is useful for unittesting:
+
+    >>> loader = DictLoader({'index.html': 'source here'})
+
+    Because auto reloading is rarely useful this is disabled by default.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mapping: t.Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+        self.mapping = mapping
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, None, t.Callable[[], bool]]:
+        if template in self.mapping:
+            source = self.mapping[template]
+            return source, None, lambda: source == self.mapping.get(template)
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        return sorted(self.mapping)
+
+
+class FunctionLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """A loader that is passed a function which does the loading.  The
+    function receives the name of the template and has to return either
+    a string with the template source, a tuple in the form ``(source,
+    filename, uptodatefunc)`` or `None` if the template does not exist.
+
+    >>> def load_template(name):
+    ...     if name == 'index.html':
+    ...         return '...'
+    ...
+    >>> loader = FunctionLoader(load_template)
+
+    The `uptodatefunc` is a function that is called if autoreload is enabled
+    and has to return `True` if the template is still up to date.  For more
+    details have a look at :meth:`BaseLoader.get_source` which has the same
+    return value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        load_func: t.Callable[
+            [str],
+            t.Optional[
+                t.Union[
+                    str, t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]
+                ]
+            ],
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.load_func = load_func
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]:
+        rv = self.load_func(template)
+
+        if rv is None:
+            raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+        if isinstance(rv, str):
+            return rv, None, None
+
+        return rv
+
+
+class PrefixLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """A loader that is passed a dict of loaders where each loader is bound
+    to a prefix.  The prefix is delimited from the template by a slash per
+    default, which can be changed by setting the `delimiter` argument to
+    something else::
+
+        loader = PrefixLoader({
+            'app1':     PackageLoader('mypackage.app1'),
+            'app2':     PackageLoader('mypackage.app2')
+        })
+
+    By loading ``'app1/index.html'`` the file from the app1 package is loaded,
+    by loading ``'app2/index.html'`` the file from the second.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, mapping: t.Mapping[str, BaseLoader], delimiter: str = "/"
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mapping = mapping
+        self.delimiter = delimiter
+
+    def get_loader(self, template: str) -> t.Tuple[BaseLoader, str]:
+        try:
+            prefix, name = template.split(self.delimiter, 1)
+            loader = self.mapping[prefix]
+        except (ValueError, KeyError) as e:
+            raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e
+        return loader, name
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]:
+        loader, name = self.get_loader(template)
+        try:
+            return loader.get_source(environment, name)
+        except TemplateNotFound as e:
+            # re-raise the exception with the correct filename here.
+            # (the one that includes the prefix)
+            raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e
+
+    @internalcode
+    def load(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: str,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        loader, local_name = self.get_loader(name)
+        try:
+            return loader.load(environment, local_name, globals)
+        except TemplateNotFound as e:
+            # re-raise the exception with the correct filename here.
+            # (the one that includes the prefix)
+            raise TemplateNotFound(name) from e
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        result = []
+        for prefix, loader in self.mapping.items():
+            for template in loader.list_templates():
+                result.append(prefix + self.delimiter + template)
+        return result
+
+
+class ChoiceLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """This loader works like the `PrefixLoader` just that no prefix is
+    specified.  If a template could not be found by one loader the next one
+    is tried.
+
+    >>> loader = ChoiceLoader([
+    ...     FileSystemLoader('/path/to/user/templates'),
+    ...     FileSystemLoader('/path/to/system/templates')
+    ... ])
+
+    This is useful if you want to allow users to override builtin templates
+    from a different location.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, loaders: t.Sequence[BaseLoader]) -> None:
+        self.loaders = loaders
+
+    def get_source(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template: str
+    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]:
+        for loader in self.loaders:
+            try:
+                return loader.get_source(environment, template)
+            except TemplateNotFound:
+                pass
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    @internalcode
+    def load(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: str,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        for loader in self.loaders:
+            try:
+                return loader.load(environment, name, globals)
+            except TemplateNotFound:
+                pass
+        raise TemplateNotFound(name)
+
+    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+        found = set()
+        for loader in self.loaders:
+            found.update(loader.list_templates())
+        return sorted(found)
+
+
+class _TemplateModule(ModuleType):
+    """Like a normal module but with support for weak references"""
+
+
+class ModuleLoader(BaseLoader):
+    """This loader loads templates from precompiled templates.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    >>> loader = ModuleLoader('/path/to/compiled/templates')
+
+    Templates can be precompiled with :meth:`Environment.compile_templates`.
+    """
+
+    has_source_access = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: t.Union[
+            str, "os.PathLike[str]", t.Sequence[t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        package_name = f"_jinja2_module_templates_{id(self):x}"
+
+        # create a fake module that looks for the templates in the
+        # path given.
+        mod = _TemplateModule(package_name)
+
+        if not isinstance(path, abc.Iterable) or isinstance(path, str):
+            path = [path]
+
+        mod.__path__ = [os.fspath(p) for p in path]
+
+        sys.modules[package_name] = weakref.proxy(
+            mod, lambda x: sys.modules.pop(package_name, None)
+        )
+
+        # the only strong reference, the sys.modules entry is weak
+        # so that the garbage collector can remove it once the
+        # loader that created it goes out of business.
+        self.module = mod
+        self.package_name = package_name
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_template_key(name: str) -> str:
+        return "tmpl_" + sha1(name.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_module_filename(name: str) -> str:
+        return ModuleLoader.get_template_key(name) + ".py"
+
+    @internalcode
+    def load(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        name: str,
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Template":
+        key = self.get_template_key(name)
+        module = f"{self.package_name}.{key}"
+        mod = getattr(self.module, module, None)
+
+        if mod is None:
+            try:
+                mod = __import__(module, None, None, ["root"])
+            except ImportError as e:
+                raise TemplateNotFound(name) from e
+
+            # remove the entry from sys.modules, we only want the attribute
+            # on the module object we have stored on the loader.
+            sys.modules.pop(module, None)
+
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+
+        return environment.template_class.from_module_dict(
+            environment, mod.__dict__, globals
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/meta.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/meta.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..298499e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/meta.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""Functions that expose information about templates that might be
+interesting for introspection.
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from . import nodes
+from .compiler import CodeGenerator
+from .compiler import Frame
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+
+class TrackingCodeGenerator(CodeGenerator):
+    """We abuse the code generator for introspection."""
+
+    def __init__(self, environment: "Environment") -> None:
+        super().__init__(environment, "<introspection>", "<introspection>")
+        self.undeclared_identifiers: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+    def write(self, x: str) -> None:
+        """Don't write."""
+
+    def enter_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """Remember all undeclared identifiers."""
+        super().enter_frame(frame)
+
+        for _, (action, param) in frame.symbols.loads.items():
+            if action == "resolve" and param not in self.environment.globals:
+                self.undeclared_identifiers.add(param)
+
+
+def find_undeclared_variables(ast: nodes.Template) -> t.Set[str]:
+    """Returns a set of all variables in the AST that will be looked up from
+    the context at runtime.  Because at compile time it's not known which
+    variables will be used depending on the path the execution takes at
+    runtime, all variables are returned.
+
+    >>> from jinja2 import Environment, meta
+    >>> env = Environment()
+    >>> ast = env.parse('{% set foo = 42 %}{{ bar + foo }}')
+    >>> meta.find_undeclared_variables(ast) == {'bar'}
+    True
+
+    .. admonition:: Implementation
+
+       Internally the code generator is used for finding undeclared variables.
+       This is good to know because the code generator might raise a
+       :exc:`TemplateAssertionError` during compilation and as a matter of
+       fact this function can currently raise that exception as well.
+    """
+    codegen = TrackingCodeGenerator(ast.environment)  # type: ignore
+    codegen.visit(ast)
+    return codegen.undeclared_identifiers
+
+
+_ref_types = (nodes.Extends, nodes.FromImport, nodes.Import, nodes.Include)
+_RefType = t.Union[nodes.Extends, nodes.FromImport, nodes.Import, nodes.Include]
+
+
+def find_referenced_templates(ast: nodes.Template) -> t.Iterator[t.Optional[str]]:
+    """Finds all the referenced templates from the AST.  This will return an
+    iterator over all the hardcoded template extensions, inclusions and
+    imports.  If dynamic inheritance or inclusion is used, `None` will be
+    yielded.
+
+    >>> from jinja2 import Environment, meta
+    >>> env = Environment()
+    >>> ast = env.parse('{% extends "layout.html" %}{% include helper %}')
+    >>> list(meta.find_referenced_templates(ast))
+    ['layout.html', None]
+
+    This function is useful for dependency tracking.  For example if you want
+    to rebuild parts of the website after a layout template has changed.
+    """
+    template_name: t.Any
+
+    for node in ast.find_all(_ref_types):
+        template: nodes.Expr = node.template  # type: ignore
+
+        if not isinstance(template, nodes.Const):
+            # a tuple with some non consts in there
+            if isinstance(template, (nodes.Tuple, nodes.List)):
+                for template_name in template.items:
+                    # something const, only yield the strings and ignore
+                    # non-string consts that really just make no sense
+                    if isinstance(template_name, nodes.Const):
+                        if isinstance(template_name.value, str):
+                            yield template_name.value
+                    # something dynamic in there
+                    else:
+                        yield None
+            # something dynamic we don't know about here
+            else:
+                yield None
+            continue
+        # constant is a basestring, direct template name
+        if isinstance(template.value, str):
+            yield template.value
+        # a tuple or list (latter *should* not happen) made of consts,
+        # yield the consts that are strings.  We could warn here for
+        # non string values
+        elif isinstance(node, nodes.Include) and isinstance(
+            template.value, (tuple, list)
+        ):
+            for template_name in template.value:
+                if isinstance(template_name, str):
+                    yield template_name
+        # something else we don't care about, we could warn here
+        else:
+            yield None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nativetypes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nativetypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71db8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nativetypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import typing as t
+from ast import literal_eval
+from ast import parse
+from itertools import chain
+from itertools import islice
+from types import GeneratorType
+
+from . import nodes
+from .compiler import CodeGenerator
+from .compiler import Frame
+from .compiler import has_safe_repr
+from .environment import Environment
+from .environment import Template
+
+
+def native_concat(values: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+    """Return a native Python type from the list of compiled nodes. If
+    the result is a single node, its value is returned. Otherwise, the
+    nodes are concatenated as strings. If the result can be parsed with
+    :func:`ast.literal_eval`, the parsed value is returned. Otherwise,
+    the string is returned.
+
+    :param values: Iterable of outputs to concatenate.
+    """
+    head = list(islice(values, 2))
+
+    if not head:
+        return None
+
+    if len(head) == 1:
+        raw = head[0]
+        if not isinstance(raw, str):
+            return raw
+    else:
+        if isinstance(values, GeneratorType):
+            values = chain(head, values)
+        raw = "".join([str(v) for v in values])
+
+    try:
+        return literal_eval(
+            # In Python 3.10+ ast.literal_eval removes leading spaces/tabs
+            # from the given string. For backwards compatibility we need to
+            # parse the string ourselves without removing leading spaces/tabs.
+            parse(raw, mode="eval")
+        )
+    except (ValueError, SyntaxError, MemoryError):
+        return raw
+
+
+class NativeCodeGenerator(CodeGenerator):
+    """A code generator which renders Python types by not adding
+    ``str()`` around output nodes.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _default_finalize(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return value
+
+    def _output_const_repr(self, group: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> str:
+        return repr("".join([str(v) for v in group]))
+
+    def _output_child_to_const(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: CodeGenerator._FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        const = node.as_const(frame.eval_ctx)
+
+        if not has_safe_repr(const):
+            raise nodes.Impossible()
+
+        if isinstance(node, nodes.TemplateData):
+            return const
+
+        return finalize.const(const)  # type: ignore
+
+    def _output_child_pre(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: CodeGenerator._FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> None:
+        if finalize.src is not None:
+            self.write(finalize.src)
+
+    def _output_child_post(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr, frame: Frame, finalize: CodeGenerator._FinalizeInfo
+    ) -> None:
+        if finalize.src is not None:
+            self.write(")")
+
+
+class NativeEnvironment(Environment):
+    """An environment that renders templates to native Python types."""
+
+    code_generator_class = NativeCodeGenerator
+    concat = staticmethod(native_concat)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class NativeTemplate(Template):
+    environment_class = NativeEnvironment
+
+    def render(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Render the template to produce a native Python type. If the
+        result is a single node, its value is returned. Otherwise, the
+        nodes are concatenated as strings. If the result can be parsed
+        with :func:`ast.literal_eval`, the parsed value is returned.
+        Otherwise, the string is returned.
+        """
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            return self.environment_class.concat(  # type: ignore
+                self.root_render_func(ctx)
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            return self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+    async def render_async(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        if not self.environment.is_async:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The environment was not created with async mode enabled."
+            )
+
+        ctx = self.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+        try:
+            return self.environment_class.concat(  # type: ignore
+                [n async for n in self.root_render_func(ctx)]  # type: ignore
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            return self.environment.handle_exception()
+
+
+NativeEnvironment.template_class = NativeTemplate
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nodes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f93b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1206 @@
+"""AST nodes generated by the parser for the compiler. Also provides
+some node tree helper functions used by the parser and compiler in order
+to normalize nodes.
+"""
+
+import inspect
+import operator
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from .utils import _PassArg
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+_NodeBound = t.TypeVar("_NodeBound", bound="Node")
+
+_binop_to_func: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[t.Any, t.Any], t.Any]] = {
+    "*": operator.mul,
+    "/": operator.truediv,
+    "//": operator.floordiv,
+    "**": operator.pow,
+    "%": operator.mod,
+    "+": operator.add,
+    "-": operator.sub,
+}
+
+_uaop_to_func: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = {
+    "not": operator.not_,
+    "+": operator.pos,
+    "-": operator.neg,
+}
+
+_cmpop_to_func: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[t.Any, t.Any], t.Any]] = {
+    "eq": operator.eq,
+    "ne": operator.ne,
+    "gt": operator.gt,
+    "gteq": operator.ge,
+    "lt": operator.lt,
+    "lteq": operator.le,
+    "in": lambda a, b: a in b,
+    "notin": lambda a, b: a not in b,
+}
+
+
+class Impossible(Exception):
+    """Raised if the node could not perform a requested action."""
+
+
+class NodeType(type):
+    """A metaclass for nodes that handles the field and attribute
+    inheritance.  fields and attributes from the parent class are
+    automatically forwarded to the child."""
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, d):  # type: ignore
+        for attr in "fields", "attributes":
+            storage: t.List[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = []
+            storage.extend(getattr(bases[0] if bases else object, attr, ()))
+            storage.extend(d.get(attr, ()))
+            assert len(bases) <= 1, "multiple inheritance not allowed"
+            assert len(storage) == len(set(storage)), "layout conflict"
+            d[attr] = tuple(storage)
+        d.setdefault("abstract", False)
+        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, d)
+
+
+class EvalContext:
+    """Holds evaluation time information.  Custom attributes can be attached
+    to it in extensions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, environment: "Environment", template_name: t.Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.environment = environment
+        if callable(environment.autoescape):
+            self.autoescape = environment.autoescape(template_name)
+        else:
+            self.autoescape = environment.autoescape
+        self.volatile = False
+
+    def save(self) -> t.Mapping[str, t.Any]:
+        return self.__dict__.copy()
+
+    def revert(self, old: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.__dict__.clear()
+        self.__dict__.update(old)
+
+
+def get_eval_context(node: "Node", ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext]) -> EvalContext:
+    if ctx is None:
+        if node.environment is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "if no eval context is passed, the node must have an"
+                " attached environment."
+            )
+        return EvalContext(node.environment)
+    return ctx
+
+
+class Node(metaclass=NodeType):
+    """Baseclass for all Jinja nodes.  There are a number of nodes available
+    of different types.  There are four major types:
+
+    -   :class:`Stmt`: statements
+    -   :class:`Expr`: expressions
+    -   :class:`Helper`: helper nodes
+    -   :class:`Template`: the outermost wrapper node
+
+    All nodes have fields and attributes.  Fields may be other nodes, lists,
+    or arbitrary values.  Fields are passed to the constructor as regular
+    positional arguments, attributes as keyword arguments.  Each node has
+    two attributes: `lineno` (the line number of the node) and `environment`.
+    The `environment` attribute is set at the end of the parsing process for
+    all nodes automatically.
+    """
+
+    fields: t.Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    attributes: t.Tuple[str, ...] = ("lineno", "environment")
+    abstract = True
+
+    lineno: int
+    environment: t.Optional["Environment"]
+
+    def __init__(self, *fields: t.Any, **attributes: t.Any) -> None:
+        if self.abstract:
+            raise TypeError("abstract nodes are not instantiable")
+        if fields:
+            if len(fields) != len(self.fields):
+                if not self.fields:
+                    raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__!r} takes 0 arguments")
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"{type(self).__name__!r} takes 0 or {len(self.fields)}"
+                    f" argument{'s' if len(self.fields) != 1 else ''}"
+                )
+            for name, arg in zip(self.fields, fields):
+                setattr(self, name, arg)
+        for attr in self.attributes:
+            setattr(self, attr, attributes.pop(attr, None))
+        if attributes:
+            raise TypeError(f"unknown attribute {next(iter(attributes))!r}")
+
+    def iter_fields(
+        self,
+        exclude: t.Optional[t.Container[str]] = None,
+        only: t.Optional[t.Container[str]] = None,
+    ) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, t.Any]]:
+        """This method iterates over all fields that are defined and yields
+        ``(key, value)`` tuples.  Per default all fields are returned, but
+        it's possible to limit that to some fields by providing the `only`
+        parameter or to exclude some using the `exclude` parameter.  Both
+        should be sets or tuples of field names.
+        """
+        for name in self.fields:
+            if (
+                (exclude is None and only is None)
+                or (exclude is not None and name not in exclude)
+                or (only is not None and name in only)
+            ):
+                try:
+                    yield name, getattr(self, name)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+
+    def iter_child_nodes(
+        self,
+        exclude: t.Optional[t.Container[str]] = None,
+        only: t.Optional[t.Container[str]] = None,
+    ) -> t.Iterator["Node"]:
+        """Iterates over all direct child nodes of the node.  This iterates
+        over all fields and yields the values of they are nodes.  If the value
+        of a field is a list all the nodes in that list are returned.
+        """
+        for _, item in self.iter_fields(exclude, only):
+            if isinstance(item, list):
+                for n in item:
+                    if isinstance(n, Node):
+                        yield n
+            elif isinstance(item, Node):
+                yield item
+
+    def find(self, node_type: t.Type[_NodeBound]) -> t.Optional[_NodeBound]:
+        """Find the first node of a given type.  If no such node exists the
+        return value is `None`.
+        """
+        for result in self.find_all(node_type):
+            return result
+
+        return None
+
+    def find_all(
+        self, node_type: t.Union[t.Type[_NodeBound], t.Tuple[t.Type[_NodeBound], ...]]
+    ) -> t.Iterator[_NodeBound]:
+        """Find all the nodes of a given type.  If the type is a tuple,
+        the check is performed for any of the tuple items.
+        """
+        for child in self.iter_child_nodes():
+            if isinstance(child, node_type):
+                yield child  # type: ignore
+            yield from child.find_all(node_type)
+
+    def set_ctx(self, ctx: str) -> "Node":
+        """Reset the context of a node and all child nodes.  Per default the
+        parser will all generate nodes that have a 'load' context as it's the
+        most common one.  This method is used in the parser to set assignment
+        targets and other nodes to a store context.
+        """
+        todo = deque([self])
+        while todo:
+            node = todo.popleft()
+            if "ctx" in node.fields:
+                node.ctx = ctx  # type: ignore
+            todo.extend(node.iter_child_nodes())
+        return self
+
+    def set_lineno(self, lineno: int, override: bool = False) -> "Node":
+        """Set the line numbers of the node and children."""
+        todo = deque([self])
+        while todo:
+            node = todo.popleft()
+            if "lineno" in node.attributes:
+                if node.lineno is None or override:
+                    node.lineno = lineno
+            todo.extend(node.iter_child_nodes())
+        return self
+
+    def set_environment(self, environment: "Environment") -> "Node":
+        """Set the environment for all nodes."""
+        todo = deque([self])
+        while todo:
+            node = todo.popleft()
+            node.environment = environment
+            todo.extend(node.iter_child_nodes())
+        return self
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: t.Any) -> bool:
+        if type(self) is not type(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return tuple(self.iter_fields()) == tuple(other.iter_fields())
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        args_str = ", ".join(f"{a}={getattr(self, a, None)!r}" for a in self.fields)
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({args_str})"
+
+    def dump(self) -> str:
+        def _dump(node: t.Union[Node, t.Any]) -> None:
+            if not isinstance(node, Node):
+                buf.append(repr(node))
+                return
+
+            buf.append(f"nodes.{type(node).__name__}(")
+            if not node.fields:
+                buf.append(")")
+                return
+            for idx, field in enumerate(node.fields):
+                if idx:
+                    buf.append(", ")
+                value = getattr(node, field)
+                if isinstance(value, list):
+                    buf.append("[")
+                    for idx, item in enumerate(value):
+                        if idx:
+                            buf.append(", ")
+                        _dump(item)
+                    buf.append("]")
+                else:
+                    _dump(value)
+            buf.append(")")
+
+        buf: t.List[str] = []
+        _dump(self)
+        return "".join(buf)
+
+
+class Stmt(Node):
+    """Base node for all statements."""
+
+    abstract = True
+
+
+class Helper(Node):
+    """Nodes that exist in a specific context only."""
+
+    abstract = True
+
+
+class Template(Node):
+    """Node that represents a template.  This must be the outermost node that
+    is passed to the compiler.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("body",)
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class Output(Stmt):
+    """A node that holds multiple expressions which are then printed out.
+    This is used both for the `print` statement and the regular template data.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("nodes",)
+    nodes: t.List["Expr"]
+
+
+class Extends(Stmt):
+    """Represents an extends statement."""
+
+    fields = ("template",)
+    template: "Expr"
+
+
+class For(Stmt):
+    """The for loop.  `target` is the target for the iteration (usually a
+    :class:`Name` or :class:`Tuple`), `iter` the iterable.  `body` is a list
+    of nodes that are used as loop-body, and `else_` a list of nodes for the
+    `else` block.  If no else node exists it has to be an empty list.
+
+    For filtered nodes an expression can be stored as `test`, otherwise `None`.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("target", "iter", "body", "else_", "test", "recursive")
+    target: Node
+    iter: Node
+    body: t.List[Node]
+    else_: t.List[Node]
+    test: t.Optional[Node]
+    recursive: bool
+
+
+class If(Stmt):
+    """If `test` is true, `body` is rendered, else `else_`."""
+
+    fields = ("test", "body", "elif_", "else_")
+    test: Node
+    body: t.List[Node]
+    elif_: t.List["If"]
+    else_: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class Macro(Stmt):
+    """A macro definition.  `name` is the name of the macro, `args` a list of
+    arguments and `defaults` a list of defaults if there are any.  `body` is
+    a list of nodes for the macro body.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("name", "args", "defaults", "body")
+    name: str
+    args: t.List["Name"]
+    defaults: t.List["Expr"]
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class CallBlock(Stmt):
+    """Like a macro without a name but a call instead.  `call` is called with
+    the unnamed macro as `caller` argument this node holds.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("call", "args", "defaults", "body")
+    call: "Call"
+    args: t.List["Name"]
+    defaults: t.List["Expr"]
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class FilterBlock(Stmt):
+    """Node for filter sections."""
+
+    fields = ("body", "filter")
+    body: t.List[Node]
+    filter: "Filter"
+
+
+class With(Stmt):
+    """Specific node for with statements.  In older versions of Jinja the
+    with statement was implemented on the base of the `Scope` node instead.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9.3
+    """
+
+    fields = ("targets", "values", "body")
+    targets: t.List["Expr"]
+    values: t.List["Expr"]
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class Block(Stmt):
+    """A node that represents a block.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0.0
+        the `required` field was added.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("name", "body", "scoped", "required")
+    name: str
+    body: t.List[Node]
+    scoped: bool
+    required: bool
+
+
+class Include(Stmt):
+    """A node that represents the include tag."""
+
+    fields = ("template", "with_context", "ignore_missing")
+    template: "Expr"
+    with_context: bool
+    ignore_missing: bool
+
+
+class Import(Stmt):
+    """A node that represents the import tag."""
+
+    fields = ("template", "target", "with_context")
+    template: "Expr"
+    target: str
+    with_context: bool
+
+
+class FromImport(Stmt):
+    """A node that represents the from import tag.  It's important to not
+    pass unsafe names to the name attribute.  The compiler translates the
+    attribute lookups directly into getattr calls and does *not* use the
+    subscript callback of the interface.  As exported variables may not
+    start with double underscores (which the parser asserts) this is not a
+    problem for regular Jinja code, but if this node is used in an extension
+    extra care must be taken.
+
+    The list of names may contain tuples if aliases are wanted.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("template", "names", "with_context")
+    template: "Expr"
+    names: t.List[t.Union[str, t.Tuple[str, str]]]
+    with_context: bool
+
+
+class ExprStmt(Stmt):
+    """A statement that evaluates an expression and discards the result."""
+
+    fields = ("node",)
+    node: Node
+
+
+class Assign(Stmt):
+    """Assigns an expression to a target."""
+
+    fields = ("target", "node")
+    target: "Expr"
+    node: Node
+
+
+class AssignBlock(Stmt):
+    """Assigns a block to a target."""
+
+    fields = ("target", "filter", "body")
+    target: "Expr"
+    filter: t.Optional["Filter"]
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class Expr(Node):
+    """Baseclass for all expressions."""
+
+    abstract = True
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Return the value of the expression as constant or raise
+        :exc:`Impossible` if this was not possible.
+
+        An :class:`EvalContext` can be provided, if none is given
+        a default context is created which requires the nodes to have
+        an attached environment.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+           the `eval_ctx` parameter was added.
+        """
+        raise Impossible()
+
+    def can_assign(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if it's possible to assign something to this node."""
+        return False
+
+
+class BinExpr(Expr):
+    """Baseclass for all binary expressions."""
+
+    fields = ("left", "right")
+    left: Expr
+    right: Expr
+    operator: str
+    abstract = True
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        # intercepted operators cannot be folded at compile time
+        if (
+            eval_ctx.environment.sandboxed
+            and self.operator in eval_ctx.environment.intercepted_binops  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            raise Impossible()
+        f = _binop_to_func[self.operator]
+        try:
+            return f(self.left.as_const(eval_ctx), self.right.as_const(eval_ctx))
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+
+class UnaryExpr(Expr):
+    """Baseclass for all unary expressions."""
+
+    fields = ("node",)
+    node: Expr
+    operator: str
+    abstract = True
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        # intercepted operators cannot be folded at compile time
+        if (
+            eval_ctx.environment.sandboxed
+            and self.operator in eval_ctx.environment.intercepted_unops  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            raise Impossible()
+        f = _uaop_to_func[self.operator]
+        try:
+            return f(self.node.as_const(eval_ctx))
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+
+class Name(Expr):
+    """Looks up a name or stores a value in a name.
+    The `ctx` of the node can be one of the following values:
+
+    -   `store`: store a value in the name
+    -   `load`: load that name
+    -   `param`: like `store` but if the name was defined as function parameter.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("name", "ctx")
+    name: str
+    ctx: str
+
+    def can_assign(self) -> bool:
+        return self.name not in {"true", "false", "none", "True", "False", "None"}
+
+
+class NSRef(Expr):
+    """Reference to a namespace value assignment"""
+
+    fields = ("name", "attr")
+    name: str
+    attr: str
+
+    def can_assign(self) -> bool:
+        # We don't need any special checks here; NSRef assignments have a
+        # runtime check to ensure the target is a namespace object which will
+        # have been checked already as it is created using a normal assignment
+        # which goes through a `Name` node.
+        return True
+
+
+class Literal(Expr):
+    """Baseclass for literals."""
+
+    abstract = True
+
+
+class Const(Literal):
+    """All constant values.  The parser will return this node for simple
+    constants such as ``42`` or ``"foo"`` but it can be used to store more
+    complex values such as lists too.  Only constants with a safe
+    representation (objects where ``eval(repr(x)) == x`` is true).
+    """
+
+    fields = ("value",)
+    value: t.Any
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        return self.value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_untrusted(
+        cls,
+        value: t.Any,
+        lineno: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        environment: "t.Optional[Environment]" = None,
+    ) -> "Const":
+        """Return a const object if the value is representable as
+        constant value in the generated code, otherwise it will raise
+        an `Impossible` exception.
+        """
+        from .compiler import has_safe_repr
+
+        if not has_safe_repr(value):
+            raise Impossible()
+        return cls(value, lineno=lineno, environment=environment)
+
+
+class TemplateData(Literal):
+    """A constant template string."""
+
+    fields = ("data",)
+    data: str
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> str:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        if eval_ctx.volatile:
+            raise Impossible()
+        if eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            return Markup(self.data)
+        return self.data
+
+
+class Tuple(Literal):
+    """For loop unpacking and some other things like multiple arguments
+    for subscripts.  Like for :class:`Name` `ctx` specifies if the tuple
+    is used for loading the names or storing.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("items", "ctx")
+    items: t.List[Expr]
+    ctx: str
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return tuple(x.as_const(eval_ctx) for x in self.items)
+
+    def can_assign(self) -> bool:
+        for item in self.items:
+            if not item.can_assign():
+                return False
+        return True
+
+
+class List(Literal):
+    """Any list literal such as ``[1, 2, 3]``"""
+
+    fields = ("items",)
+    items: t.List[Expr]
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.List[t.Any]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return [x.as_const(eval_ctx) for x in self.items]
+
+
+class Dict(Literal):
+    """Any dict literal such as ``{1: 2, 3: 4}``.  The items must be a list of
+    :class:`Pair` nodes.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("items",)
+    items: t.List["Pair"]
+
+    def as_const(
+        self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None
+    ) -> t.Dict[t.Any, t.Any]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return dict(x.as_const(eval_ctx) for x in self.items)
+
+
+class Pair(Helper):
+    """A key, value pair for dicts."""
+
+    fields = ("key", "value")
+    key: Expr
+    value: Expr
+
+    def as_const(
+        self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, t.Any]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return self.key.as_const(eval_ctx), self.value.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+
+class Keyword(Helper):
+    """A key, value pair for keyword arguments where key is a string."""
+
+    fields = ("key", "value")
+    key: str
+    value: Expr
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Any]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return self.key, self.value.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+
+class CondExpr(Expr):
+    """A conditional expression (inline if expression).  (``{{
+    foo if bar else baz }}``)
+    """
+
+    fields = ("test", "expr1", "expr2")
+    test: Expr
+    expr1: Expr
+    expr2: t.Optional[Expr]
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        if self.test.as_const(eval_ctx):
+            return self.expr1.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+        # if we evaluate to an undefined object, we better do that at runtime
+        if self.expr2 is None:
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        return self.expr2.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+
+def args_as_const(
+    node: t.Union["_FilterTestCommon", "Call"], eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext]
+) -> t.Tuple[t.List[t.Any], t.Dict[t.Any, t.Any]]:
+    args = [x.as_const(eval_ctx) for x in node.args]
+    kwargs = dict(x.as_const(eval_ctx) for x in node.kwargs)
+
+    if node.dyn_args is not None:
+        try:
+            args.extend(node.dyn_args.as_const(eval_ctx))
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+    if node.dyn_kwargs is not None:
+        try:
+            kwargs.update(node.dyn_kwargs.as_const(eval_ctx))
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+    return args, kwargs
+
+
+class _FilterTestCommon(Expr):
+    fields = ("node", "name", "args", "kwargs", "dyn_args", "dyn_kwargs")
+    node: Expr
+    name: str
+    args: t.List[Expr]
+    kwargs: t.List[Pair]
+    dyn_args: t.Optional[Expr]
+    dyn_kwargs: t.Optional[Expr]
+    abstract = True
+    _is_filter = True
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        if eval_ctx.volatile:
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        if self._is_filter:
+            env_map = eval_ctx.environment.filters
+        else:
+            env_map = eval_ctx.environment.tests
+
+        func = env_map.get(self.name)
+        pass_arg = _PassArg.from_obj(func)  # type: ignore
+
+        if func is None or pass_arg is _PassArg.context:
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        if eval_ctx.environment.is_async and (
+            getattr(func, "jinja_async_variant", False) is True
+            or inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func)
+        ):
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        args, kwargs = args_as_const(self, eval_ctx)
+        args.insert(0, self.node.as_const(eval_ctx))
+
+        if pass_arg is _PassArg.eval_context:
+            args.insert(0, eval_ctx)
+        elif pass_arg is _PassArg.environment:
+            args.insert(0, eval_ctx.environment)
+
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+
+class Filter(_FilterTestCommon):
+    """Apply a filter to an expression. ``name`` is the name of the
+    filter, the other fields are the same as :class:`Call`.
+
+    If ``node`` is ``None``, the filter is being used in a filter block
+    and is applied to the content of the block.
+    """
+
+    node: t.Optional[Expr]  # type: ignore
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        if self.node is None:
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        return super().as_const(eval_ctx=eval_ctx)
+
+
+class Test(_FilterTestCommon):
+    """Apply a test to an expression. ``name`` is the name of the test,
+    the other field are the same as :class:`Call`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        ``as_const`` shares the same logic for filters and tests. Tests
+        check for volatile, async, and ``@pass_context`` etc.
+        decorators.
+    """
+
+    _is_filter = False
+
+
+class Call(Expr):
+    """Calls an expression.  `args` is a list of arguments, `kwargs` a list
+    of keyword arguments (list of :class:`Keyword` nodes), and `dyn_args`
+    and `dyn_kwargs` has to be either `None` or a node that is used as
+    node for dynamic positional (``*args``) or keyword (``**kwargs``)
+    arguments.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("node", "args", "kwargs", "dyn_args", "dyn_kwargs")
+    node: Expr
+    args: t.List[Expr]
+    kwargs: t.List[Keyword]
+    dyn_args: t.Optional[Expr]
+    dyn_kwargs: t.Optional[Expr]
+
+
+class Getitem(Expr):
+    """Get an attribute or item from an expression and prefer the item."""
+
+    fields = ("node", "arg", "ctx")
+    node: Expr
+    arg: Expr
+    ctx: str
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        if self.ctx != "load":
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        try:
+            return eval_ctx.environment.getitem(
+                self.node.as_const(eval_ctx), self.arg.as_const(eval_ctx)
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+
+class Getattr(Expr):
+    """Get an attribute or item from an expression that is a ascii-only
+    bytestring and prefer the attribute.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("node", "attr", "ctx")
+    node: Expr
+    attr: str
+    ctx: str
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        if self.ctx != "load":
+            raise Impossible()
+
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        try:
+            return eval_ctx.environment.getattr(self.node.as_const(eval_ctx), self.attr)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+
+class Slice(Expr):
+    """Represents a slice object.  This must only be used as argument for
+    :class:`Subscript`.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("start", "stop", "step")
+    start: t.Optional[Expr]
+    stop: t.Optional[Expr]
+    step: t.Optional[Expr]
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> slice:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+
+        def const(obj: t.Optional[Expr]) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
+            if obj is None:
+                return None
+            return obj.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+        return slice(const(self.start), const(self.stop), const(self.step))
+
+
+class Concat(Expr):
+    """Concatenates the list of expressions provided after converting
+    them to strings.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("nodes",)
+    nodes: t.List[Expr]
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> str:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return "".join(str(x.as_const(eval_ctx)) for x in self.nodes)
+
+
+class Compare(Expr):
+    """Compares an expression with some other expressions.  `ops` must be a
+    list of :class:`Operand`\\s.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("expr", "ops")
+    expr: Expr
+    ops: t.List["Operand"]
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        result = value = self.expr.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+        try:
+            for op in self.ops:
+                new_value = op.expr.as_const(eval_ctx)
+                result = _cmpop_to_func[op.op](value, new_value)
+
+                if not result:
+                    return False
+
+                value = new_value
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Impossible() from e
+
+        return result
+
+
+class Operand(Helper):
+    """Holds an operator and an expression."""
+
+    fields = ("op", "expr")
+    op: str
+    expr: Expr
+
+
+class Mul(BinExpr):
+    """Multiplies the left with the right node."""
+
+    operator = "*"
+
+
+class Div(BinExpr):
+    """Divides the left by the right node."""
+
+    operator = "/"
+
+
+class FloorDiv(BinExpr):
+    """Divides the left by the right node and converts the
+    result into an integer by truncating.
+    """
+
+    operator = "//"
+
+
+class Add(BinExpr):
+    """Add the left to the right node."""
+
+    operator = "+"
+
+
+class Sub(BinExpr):
+    """Subtract the right from the left node."""
+
+    operator = "-"
+
+
+class Mod(BinExpr):
+    """Left modulo right."""
+
+    operator = "%"
+
+
+class Pow(BinExpr):
+    """Left to the power of right."""
+
+    operator = "**"
+
+
+class And(BinExpr):
+    """Short circuited AND."""
+
+    operator = "and"
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return self.left.as_const(eval_ctx) and self.right.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+
+class Or(BinExpr):
+    """Short circuited OR."""
+
+    operator = "or"
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> t.Any:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return self.left.as_const(eval_ctx) or self.right.as_const(eval_ctx)
+
+
+class Not(UnaryExpr):
+    """Negate the expression."""
+
+    operator = "not"
+
+
+class Neg(UnaryExpr):
+    """Make the expression negative."""
+
+    operator = "-"
+
+
+class Pos(UnaryExpr):
+    """Make the expression positive (noop for most expressions)"""
+
+    operator = "+"
+
+
+# Helpers for extensions
+
+
+class EnvironmentAttribute(Expr):
+    """Loads an attribute from the environment object.  This is useful for
+    extensions that want to call a callback stored on the environment.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("name",)
+    name: str
+
+
+class ExtensionAttribute(Expr):
+    """Returns the attribute of an extension bound to the environment.
+    The identifier is the identifier of the :class:`Extension`.
+
+    This node is usually constructed by calling the
+    :meth:`~jinja2.ext.Extension.attr` method on an extension.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("identifier", "name")
+    identifier: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class ImportedName(Expr):
+    """If created with an import name the import name is returned on node
+    access.  For example ``ImportedName('cgi.escape')`` returns the `escape`
+    function from the cgi module on evaluation.  Imports are optimized by the
+    compiler so there is no need to assign them to local variables.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("importname",)
+    importname: str
+
+
+class InternalName(Expr):
+    """An internal name in the compiler.  You cannot create these nodes
+    yourself but the parser provides a
+    :meth:`~jinja2.parser.Parser.free_identifier` method that creates
+    a new identifier for you.  This identifier is not available from the
+    template and is not treated specially by the compiler.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("name",)
+    name: str
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Can't create internal names.  Use the "
+            "`free_identifier` method on a parser."
+        )
+
+
+class MarkSafe(Expr):
+    """Mark the wrapped expression as safe (wrap it as `Markup`)."""
+
+    fields = ("expr",)
+    expr: Expr
+
+    def as_const(self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None) -> Markup:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        return Markup(self.expr.as_const(eval_ctx))
+
+
+class MarkSafeIfAutoescape(Expr):
+    """Mark the wrapped expression as safe (wrap it as `Markup`) but
+    only if autoescaping is active.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.5
+    """
+
+    fields = ("expr",)
+    expr: Expr
+
+    def as_const(
+        self, eval_ctx: t.Optional[EvalContext] = None
+    ) -> t.Union[Markup, t.Any]:
+        eval_ctx = get_eval_context(self, eval_ctx)
+        if eval_ctx.volatile:
+            raise Impossible()
+        expr = self.expr.as_const(eval_ctx)
+        if eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            return Markup(expr)
+        return expr
+
+
+class ContextReference(Expr):
+    """Returns the current template context.  It can be used like a
+    :class:`Name` node, with a ``'load'`` ctx and will return the
+    current :class:`~jinja2.runtime.Context` object.
+
+    Here an example that assigns the current template name to a
+    variable named `foo`::
+
+        Assign(Name('foo', ctx='store'),
+               Getattr(ContextReference(), 'name'))
+
+    This is basically equivalent to using the
+    :func:`~jinja2.pass_context` decorator when using the high-level
+    API, which causes a reference to the context to be passed as the
+    first argument to a function.
+    """
+
+
+class DerivedContextReference(Expr):
+    """Return the current template context including locals. Behaves
+    exactly like :class:`ContextReference`, but includes local
+    variables, such as from a ``for`` loop.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+
+
+class Continue(Stmt):
+    """Continue a loop."""
+
+
+class Break(Stmt):
+    """Break a loop."""
+
+
+class Scope(Stmt):
+    """An artificial scope."""
+
+    fields = ("body",)
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class OverlayScope(Stmt):
+    """An overlay scope for extensions.  This is a largely unoptimized scope
+    that however can be used to introduce completely arbitrary variables into
+    a sub scope from a dictionary or dictionary like object.  The `context`
+    field has to evaluate to a dictionary object.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        OverlayScope(context=self.call_method('get_context'),
+                     body=[...])
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.10
+    """
+
+    fields = ("context", "body")
+    context: Expr
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+class EvalContextModifier(Stmt):
+    """Modifies the eval context.  For each option that should be modified,
+    a :class:`Keyword` has to be added to the :attr:`options` list.
+
+    Example to change the `autoescape` setting::
+
+        EvalContextModifier(options=[Keyword('autoescape', Const(True))])
+    """
+
+    fields = ("options",)
+    options: t.List[Keyword]
+
+
+class ScopedEvalContextModifier(EvalContextModifier):
+    """Modifies the eval context and reverts it later.  Works exactly like
+    :class:`EvalContextModifier` but will only modify the
+    :class:`~jinja2.nodes.EvalContext` for nodes in the :attr:`body`.
+    """
+
+    fields = ("body",)
+    body: t.List[Node]
+
+
+# make sure nobody creates custom nodes
+def _failing_new(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "te.NoReturn":
+    raise TypeError("can't create custom node types")
+
+
+NodeType.__new__ = staticmethod(_failing_new)  # type: ignore
+del _failing_new
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/optimizer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/optimizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d1c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/optimizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""The optimizer tries to constant fold expressions and modify the AST
+in place so that it should be faster to evaluate.
+
+Because the AST does not contain all the scoping information and the
+compiler has to find that out, we cannot do all the optimizations we
+want. For example, loop unrolling doesn't work because unrolled loops
+would have a different scope. The solution would be a second syntax tree
+that stored the scoping rules.
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from . import nodes
+from .visitor import NodeTransformer
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+
+def optimize(node: nodes.Node, environment: "Environment") -> nodes.Node:
+    """The context hint can be used to perform an static optimization
+    based on the context given."""
+    optimizer = Optimizer(environment)
+    return t.cast(nodes.Node, optimizer.visit(node))
+
+
+class Optimizer(NodeTransformer):
+    def __init__(self, environment: "t.Optional[Environment]") -> None:
+        self.environment = environment
+
+    def generic_visit(
+        self, node: nodes.Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> nodes.Node:
+        node = super().generic_visit(node, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Do constant folding. Some other nodes besides Expr have
+        # as_const, but folding them causes errors later on.
+        if isinstance(node, nodes.Expr):
+            try:
+                return nodes.Const.from_untrusted(
+                    node.as_const(args[0] if args else None),
+                    lineno=node.lineno,
+                    environment=self.environment,
+                )
+            except nodes.Impossible:
+                pass
+
+        return node
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f411775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+"""Parse tokens from the lexer into nodes for the compiler."""
+
+import typing
+import typing as t
+
+from . import nodes
+from .exceptions import TemplateAssertionError
+from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
+from .lexer import describe_token
+from .lexer import describe_token_expr
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+_ImportInclude = t.TypeVar("_ImportInclude", nodes.Import, nodes.Include)
+_MacroCall = t.TypeVar("_MacroCall", nodes.Macro, nodes.CallBlock)
+
+_statement_keywords = frozenset(
+    [
+        "for",
+        "if",
+        "block",
+        "extends",
+        "print",
+        "macro",
+        "include",
+        "from",
+        "import",
+        "set",
+        "with",
+        "autoescape",
+    ]
+)
+_compare_operators = frozenset(["eq", "ne", "lt", "lteq", "gt", "gteq"])
+
+_math_nodes: t.Dict[str, t.Type[nodes.Expr]] = {
+    "add": nodes.Add,
+    "sub": nodes.Sub,
+    "mul": nodes.Mul,
+    "div": nodes.Div,
+    "floordiv": nodes.FloorDiv,
+    "mod": nodes.Mod,
+}
+
+
+class Parser:
+    """This is the central parsing class Jinja uses.  It's passed to
+    extensions and can be used to parse expressions or statements.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        source: str,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        state: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.environment = environment
+        self.stream = environment._tokenize(source, name, filename, state)
+        self.name = name
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.closed = False
+        self.extensions: t.Dict[
+            str, t.Callable[[Parser], t.Union[nodes.Node, t.List[nodes.Node]]]
+        ] = {}
+        for extension in environment.iter_extensions():
+            for tag in extension.tags:
+                self.extensions[tag] = extension.parse
+        self._last_identifier = 0
+        self._tag_stack: t.List[str] = []
+        self._end_token_stack: t.List[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = []
+
+    def fail(
+        self,
+        msg: str,
+        lineno: t.Optional[int] = None,
+        exc: t.Type[TemplateSyntaxError] = TemplateSyntaxError,
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Convenience method that raises `exc` with the message, passed
+        line number or last line number as well as the current name and
+        filename.
+        """
+        if lineno is None:
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        raise exc(msg, lineno, self.name, self.filename)
+
+    def _fail_ut_eof(
+        self,
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        end_token_stack: t.List[t.Tuple[str, ...]],
+        lineno: t.Optional[int],
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        expected: t.Set[str] = set()
+        for exprs in end_token_stack:
+            expected.update(map(describe_token_expr, exprs))
+        if end_token_stack:
+            currently_looking: t.Optional[str] = " or ".join(
+                map(repr, map(describe_token_expr, end_token_stack[-1]))
+            )
+        else:
+            currently_looking = None
+
+        if name is None:
+            message = ["Unexpected end of template."]
+        else:
+            message = [f"Encountered unknown tag {name!r}."]
+
+        if currently_looking:
+            if name is not None and name in expected:
+                message.append(
+                    "You probably made a nesting mistake. Jinja is expecting this tag,"
+                    f" but currently looking for {currently_looking}."
+                )
+            else:
+                message.append(
+                    f"Jinja was looking for the following tags: {currently_looking}."
+                )
+
+        if self._tag_stack:
+            message.append(
+                "The innermost block that needs to be closed is"
+                f" {self._tag_stack[-1]!r}."
+            )
+
+        self.fail(" ".join(message), lineno)
+
+    def fail_unknown_tag(
+        self, name: str, lineno: t.Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Called if the parser encounters an unknown tag.  Tries to fail
+        with a human readable error message that could help to identify
+        the problem.
+        """
+        self._fail_ut_eof(name, self._end_token_stack, lineno)
+
+    def fail_eof(
+        self,
+        end_tokens: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+        lineno: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Like fail_unknown_tag but for end of template situations."""
+        stack = list(self._end_token_stack)
+        if end_tokens is not None:
+            stack.append(end_tokens)
+        self._fail_ut_eof(None, stack, lineno)
+
+    def is_tuple_end(
+        self, extra_end_rules: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Are we at the end of a tuple?"""
+        if self.stream.current.type in ("variable_end", "block_end", "rparen"):
+            return True
+        elif extra_end_rules is not None:
+            return self.stream.current.test_any(extra_end_rules)  # type: ignore
+        return False
+
+    def free_identifier(self, lineno: t.Optional[int] = None) -> nodes.InternalName:
+        """Return a new free identifier as :class:`~jinja2.nodes.InternalName`."""
+        self._last_identifier += 1
+        rv = object.__new__(nodes.InternalName)
+        nodes.Node.__init__(rv, f"fi{self._last_identifier}", lineno=lineno)
+        return rv
+
+    def parse_statement(self) -> t.Union[nodes.Node, t.List[nodes.Node]]:
+        """Parse a single statement."""
+        token = self.stream.current
+        if token.type != "name":
+            self.fail("tag name expected", token.lineno)
+        self._tag_stack.append(token.value)
+        pop_tag = True
+        try:
+            if token.value in _statement_keywords:
+                f = getattr(self, f"parse_{self.stream.current.value}")
+                return f()  # type: ignore
+            if token.value == "call":
+                return self.parse_call_block()
+            if token.value == "filter":
+                return self.parse_filter_block()
+            ext = self.extensions.get(token.value)
+            if ext is not None:
+                return ext(self)
+
+            # did not work out, remove the token we pushed by accident
+            # from the stack so that the unknown tag fail function can
+            # produce a proper error message.
+            self._tag_stack.pop()
+            pop_tag = False
+            self.fail_unknown_tag(token.value, token.lineno)
+        finally:
+            if pop_tag:
+                self._tag_stack.pop()
+
+    def parse_statements(
+        self, end_tokens: t.Tuple[str, ...], drop_needle: bool = False
+    ) -> t.List[nodes.Node]:
+        """Parse multiple statements into a list until one of the end tokens
+        is reached.  This is used to parse the body of statements as it also
+        parses template data if appropriate.  The parser checks first if the
+        current token is a colon and skips it if there is one.  Then it checks
+        for the block end and parses until if one of the `end_tokens` is
+        reached.  Per default the active token in the stream at the end of
+        the call is the matched end token.  If this is not wanted `drop_needle`
+        can be set to `True` and the end token is removed.
+        """
+        # the first token may be a colon for python compatibility
+        self.stream.skip_if("colon")
+
+        # in the future it would be possible to add whole code sections
+        # by adding some sort of end of statement token and parsing those here.
+        self.stream.expect("block_end")
+        result = self.subparse(end_tokens)
+
+        # we reached the end of the template too early, the subparser
+        # does not check for this, so we do that now
+        if self.stream.current.type == "eof":
+            self.fail_eof(end_tokens)
+
+        if drop_needle:
+            next(self.stream)
+        return result
+
+    def parse_set(self) -> t.Union[nodes.Assign, nodes.AssignBlock]:
+        """Parse an assign statement."""
+        lineno = next(self.stream).lineno
+        target = self.parse_assign_target(with_namespace=True)
+        if self.stream.skip_if("assign"):
+            expr = self.parse_tuple()
+            return nodes.Assign(target, expr, lineno=lineno)
+        filter_node = self.parse_filter(None)
+        body = self.parse_statements(("name:endset",), drop_needle=True)
+        return nodes.AssignBlock(target, filter_node, body, lineno=lineno)
+
+    def parse_for(self) -> nodes.For:
+        """Parse a for loop."""
+        lineno = self.stream.expect("name:for").lineno
+        target = self.parse_assign_target(extra_end_rules=("name:in",))
+        self.stream.expect("name:in")
+        iter = self.parse_tuple(
+            with_condexpr=False, extra_end_rules=("name:recursive",)
+        )
+        test = None
+        if self.stream.skip_if("name:if"):
+            test = self.parse_expression()
+        recursive = self.stream.skip_if("name:recursive")
+        body = self.parse_statements(("name:endfor", "name:else"))
+        if next(self.stream).value == "endfor":
+            else_ = []
+        else:
+            else_ = self.parse_statements(("name:endfor",), drop_needle=True)
+        return nodes.For(target, iter, body, else_, test, recursive, lineno=lineno)
+
+    def parse_if(self) -> nodes.If:
+        """Parse an if construct."""
+        node = result = nodes.If(lineno=self.stream.expect("name:if").lineno)
+        while True:
+            node.test = self.parse_tuple(with_condexpr=False)
+            node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:elif", "name:else", "name:endif"))
+            node.elif_ = []
+            node.else_ = []
+            token = next(self.stream)
+            if token.test("name:elif"):
+                node = nodes.If(lineno=self.stream.current.lineno)
+                result.elif_.append(node)
+                continue
+            elif token.test("name:else"):
+                result.else_ = self.parse_statements(("name:endif",), drop_needle=True)
+            break
+        return result
+
+    def parse_with(self) -> nodes.With:
+        node = nodes.With(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        targets: t.List[nodes.Expr] = []
+        values: t.List[nodes.Expr] = []
+        while self.stream.current.type != "block_end":
+            if targets:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            target = self.parse_assign_target()
+            target.set_ctx("param")
+            targets.append(target)
+            self.stream.expect("assign")
+            values.append(self.parse_expression())
+        node.targets = targets
+        node.values = values
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endwith",), drop_needle=True)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_autoescape(self) -> nodes.Scope:
+        node = nodes.ScopedEvalContextModifier(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.options = [nodes.Keyword("autoescape", self.parse_expression())]
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endautoescape",), drop_needle=True)
+        return nodes.Scope([node])
+
+    def parse_block(self) -> nodes.Block:
+        node = nodes.Block(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.name = self.stream.expect("name").value
+        node.scoped = self.stream.skip_if("name:scoped")
+        node.required = self.stream.skip_if("name:required")
+
+        # common problem people encounter when switching from django
+        # to jinja.  we do not support hyphens in block names, so let's
+        # raise a nicer error message in that case.
+        if self.stream.current.type == "sub":
+            self.fail(
+                "Block names in Jinja have to be valid Python identifiers and may not"
+                " contain hyphens, use an underscore instead."
+            )
+
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endblock",), drop_needle=True)
+
+        # enforce that required blocks only contain whitespace or comments
+        # by asserting that the body, if not empty, is just TemplateData nodes
+        # with whitespace data
+        if node.required:
+            for body_node in node.body:
+                if not isinstance(body_node, nodes.Output) or any(
+                    not isinstance(output_node, nodes.TemplateData)
+                    or not output_node.data.isspace()
+                    for output_node in body_node.nodes
+                ):
+                    self.fail("Required blocks can only contain comments or whitespace")
+
+        self.stream.skip_if("name:" + node.name)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_extends(self) -> nodes.Extends:
+        node = nodes.Extends(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.template = self.parse_expression()
+        return node
+
+    def parse_import_context(
+        self, node: _ImportInclude, default: bool
+    ) -> _ImportInclude:
+        if self.stream.current.test_any(
+            "name:with", "name:without"
+        ) and self.stream.look().test("name:context"):
+            node.with_context = next(self.stream).value == "with"
+            self.stream.skip()
+        else:
+            node.with_context = default
+        return node
+
+    def parse_include(self) -> nodes.Include:
+        node = nodes.Include(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.template = self.parse_expression()
+        if self.stream.current.test("name:ignore") and self.stream.look().test(
+            "name:missing"
+        ):
+            node.ignore_missing = True
+            self.stream.skip(2)
+        else:
+            node.ignore_missing = False
+        return self.parse_import_context(node, True)
+
+    def parse_import(self) -> nodes.Import:
+        node = nodes.Import(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.template = self.parse_expression()
+        self.stream.expect("name:as")
+        node.target = self.parse_assign_target(name_only=True).name
+        return self.parse_import_context(node, False)
+
+    def parse_from(self) -> nodes.FromImport:
+        node = nodes.FromImport(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.template = self.parse_expression()
+        self.stream.expect("name:import")
+        node.names = []
+
+        def parse_context() -> bool:
+            if self.stream.current.value in {
+                "with",
+                "without",
+            } and self.stream.look().test("name:context"):
+                node.with_context = next(self.stream).value == "with"
+                self.stream.skip()
+                return True
+            return False
+
+        while True:
+            if node.names:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            if self.stream.current.type == "name":
+                if parse_context():
+                    break
+                target = self.parse_assign_target(name_only=True)
+                if target.name.startswith("_"):
+                    self.fail(
+                        "names starting with an underline can not be imported",
+                        target.lineno,
+                        exc=TemplateAssertionError,
+                    )
+                if self.stream.skip_if("name:as"):
+                    alias = self.parse_assign_target(name_only=True)
+                    node.names.append((target.name, alias.name))
+                else:
+                    node.names.append(target.name)
+                if parse_context() or self.stream.current.type != "comma":
+                    break
+            else:
+                self.stream.expect("name")
+        if not hasattr(node, "with_context"):
+            node.with_context = False
+        return node
+
+    def parse_signature(self, node: _MacroCall) -> None:
+        args = node.args = []
+        defaults = node.defaults = []
+        self.stream.expect("lparen")
+        while self.stream.current.type != "rparen":
+            if args:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            arg = self.parse_assign_target(name_only=True)
+            arg.set_ctx("param")
+            if self.stream.skip_if("assign"):
+                defaults.append(self.parse_expression())
+            elif defaults:
+                self.fail("non-default argument follows default argument")
+            args.append(arg)
+        self.stream.expect("rparen")
+
+    def parse_call_block(self) -> nodes.CallBlock:
+        node = nodes.CallBlock(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        if self.stream.current.type == "lparen":
+            self.parse_signature(node)
+        else:
+            node.args = []
+            node.defaults = []
+
+        call_node = self.parse_expression()
+        if not isinstance(call_node, nodes.Call):
+            self.fail("expected call", node.lineno)
+        node.call = call_node
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endcall",), drop_needle=True)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_filter_block(self) -> nodes.FilterBlock:
+        node = nodes.FilterBlock(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.filter = self.parse_filter(None, start_inline=True)  # type: ignore
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endfilter",), drop_needle=True)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_macro(self) -> nodes.Macro:
+        node = nodes.Macro(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.name = self.parse_assign_target(name_only=True).name
+        self.parse_signature(node)
+        node.body = self.parse_statements(("name:endmacro",), drop_needle=True)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_print(self) -> nodes.Output:
+        node = nodes.Output(lineno=next(self.stream).lineno)
+        node.nodes = []
+        while self.stream.current.type != "block_end":
+            if node.nodes:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            node.nodes.append(self.parse_expression())
+        return node
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def parse_assign_target(
+        self, with_tuple: bool = ..., name_only: "te.Literal[True]" = ...
+    ) -> nodes.Name: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def parse_assign_target(
+        self,
+        with_tuple: bool = True,
+        name_only: bool = False,
+        extra_end_rules: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+        with_namespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Union[nodes.NSRef, nodes.Name, nodes.Tuple]: ...
+
+    def parse_assign_target(
+        self,
+        with_tuple: bool = True,
+        name_only: bool = False,
+        extra_end_rules: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+        with_namespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Union[nodes.NSRef, nodes.Name, nodes.Tuple]:
+        """Parse an assignment target.  As Jinja allows assignments to
+        tuples, this function can parse all allowed assignment targets.  Per
+        default assignments to tuples are parsed, that can be disable however
+        by setting `with_tuple` to `False`.  If only assignments to names are
+        wanted `name_only` can be set to `True`.  The `extra_end_rules`
+        parameter is forwarded to the tuple parsing function.  If
+        `with_namespace` is enabled, a namespace assignment may be parsed.
+        """
+        target: nodes.Expr
+
+        if name_only:
+            token = self.stream.expect("name")
+            target = nodes.Name(token.value, "store", lineno=token.lineno)
+        else:
+            if with_tuple:
+                target = self.parse_tuple(
+                    simplified=True,
+                    extra_end_rules=extra_end_rules,
+                    with_namespace=with_namespace,
+                )
+            else:
+                target = self.parse_primary(with_namespace=with_namespace)
+
+            target.set_ctx("store")
+
+        if not target.can_assign():
+            self.fail(
+                f"can't assign to {type(target).__name__.lower()!r}", target.lineno
+            )
+
+        return target  # type: ignore
+
+    def parse_expression(self, with_condexpr: bool = True) -> nodes.Expr:
+        """Parse an expression.  Per default all expressions are parsed, if
+        the optional `with_condexpr` parameter is set to `False` conditional
+        expressions are not parsed.
+        """
+        if with_condexpr:
+            return self.parse_condexpr()
+        return self.parse_or()
+
+    def parse_condexpr(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        expr1 = self.parse_or()
+        expr3: t.Optional[nodes.Expr]
+
+        while self.stream.skip_if("name:if"):
+            expr2 = self.parse_or()
+            if self.stream.skip_if("name:else"):
+                expr3 = self.parse_condexpr()
+            else:
+                expr3 = None
+            expr1 = nodes.CondExpr(expr2, expr1, expr3, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return expr1
+
+    def parse_or(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        left = self.parse_and()
+        while self.stream.skip_if("name:or"):
+            right = self.parse_and()
+            left = nodes.Or(left, right, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return left
+
+    def parse_and(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        left = self.parse_not()
+        while self.stream.skip_if("name:and"):
+            right = self.parse_not()
+            left = nodes.And(left, right, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return left
+
+    def parse_not(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        if self.stream.current.test("name:not"):
+            lineno = next(self.stream).lineno
+            return nodes.Not(self.parse_not(), lineno=lineno)
+        return self.parse_compare()
+
+    def parse_compare(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        expr = self.parse_math1()
+        ops = []
+        while True:
+            token_type = self.stream.current.type
+            if token_type in _compare_operators:
+                next(self.stream)
+                ops.append(nodes.Operand(token_type, self.parse_math1()))
+            elif self.stream.skip_if("name:in"):
+                ops.append(nodes.Operand("in", self.parse_math1()))
+            elif self.stream.current.test("name:not") and self.stream.look().test(
+                "name:in"
+            ):
+                self.stream.skip(2)
+                ops.append(nodes.Operand("notin", self.parse_math1()))
+            else:
+                break
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        if not ops:
+            return expr
+        return nodes.Compare(expr, ops, lineno=lineno)
+
+    def parse_math1(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        left = self.parse_concat()
+        while self.stream.current.type in ("add", "sub"):
+            cls = _math_nodes[self.stream.current.type]
+            next(self.stream)
+            right = self.parse_concat()
+            left = cls(left, right, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return left
+
+    def parse_concat(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        args = [self.parse_math2()]
+        while self.stream.current.type == "tilde":
+            next(self.stream)
+            args.append(self.parse_math2())
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return args[0]
+        return nodes.Concat(args, lineno=lineno)
+
+    def parse_math2(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        left = self.parse_pow()
+        while self.stream.current.type in ("mul", "div", "floordiv", "mod"):
+            cls = _math_nodes[self.stream.current.type]
+            next(self.stream)
+            right = self.parse_pow()
+            left = cls(left, right, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return left
+
+    def parse_pow(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        left = self.parse_unary()
+        while self.stream.current.type == "pow":
+            next(self.stream)
+            right = self.parse_unary()
+            left = nodes.Pow(left, right, lineno=lineno)
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        return left
+
+    def parse_unary(self, with_filter: bool = True) -> nodes.Expr:
+        token_type = self.stream.current.type
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        node: nodes.Expr
+
+        if token_type == "sub":
+            next(self.stream)
+            node = nodes.Neg(self.parse_unary(False), lineno=lineno)
+        elif token_type == "add":
+            next(self.stream)
+            node = nodes.Pos(self.parse_unary(False), lineno=lineno)
+        else:
+            node = self.parse_primary()
+        node = self.parse_postfix(node)
+        if with_filter:
+            node = self.parse_filter_expr(node)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_primary(self, with_namespace: bool = False) -> nodes.Expr:
+        """Parse a name or literal value. If ``with_namespace`` is enabled, also
+        parse namespace attr refs, for use in assignments."""
+        token = self.stream.current
+        node: nodes.Expr
+        if token.type == "name":
+            next(self.stream)
+            if token.value in ("true", "false", "True", "False"):
+                node = nodes.Const(token.value in ("true", "True"), lineno=token.lineno)
+            elif token.value in ("none", "None"):
+                node = nodes.Const(None, lineno=token.lineno)
+            elif with_namespace and self.stream.current.type == "dot":
+                # If namespace attributes are allowed at this point, and the next
+                # token is a dot, produce a namespace reference.
+                next(self.stream)
+                attr = self.stream.expect("name")
+                node = nodes.NSRef(token.value, attr.value, lineno=token.lineno)
+            else:
+                node = nodes.Name(token.value, "load", lineno=token.lineno)
+        elif token.type == "string":
+            next(self.stream)
+            buf = [token.value]
+            lineno = token.lineno
+            while self.stream.current.type == "string":
+                buf.append(self.stream.current.value)
+                next(self.stream)
+            node = nodes.Const("".join(buf), lineno=lineno)
+        elif token.type in ("integer", "float"):
+            next(self.stream)
+            node = nodes.Const(token.value, lineno=token.lineno)
+        elif token.type == "lparen":
+            next(self.stream)
+            node = self.parse_tuple(explicit_parentheses=True)
+            self.stream.expect("rparen")
+        elif token.type == "lbracket":
+            node = self.parse_list()
+        elif token.type == "lbrace":
+            node = self.parse_dict()
+        else:
+            self.fail(f"unexpected {describe_token(token)!r}", token.lineno)
+        return node
+
+    def parse_tuple(
+        self,
+        simplified: bool = False,
+        with_condexpr: bool = True,
+        extra_end_rules: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+        explicit_parentheses: bool = False,
+        with_namespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> t.Union[nodes.Tuple, nodes.Expr]:
+        """Works like `parse_expression` but if multiple expressions are
+        delimited by a comma a :class:`~jinja2.nodes.Tuple` node is created.
+        This method could also return a regular expression instead of a tuple
+        if no commas where found.
+
+        The default parsing mode is a full tuple.  If `simplified` is `True`
+        only names and literals are parsed; ``with_namespace`` allows namespace
+        attr refs as well. The `no_condexpr` parameter is forwarded to
+        :meth:`parse_expression`.
+
+        Because tuples do not require delimiters and may end in a bogus comma
+        an extra hint is needed that marks the end of a tuple.  For example
+        for loops support tuples between `for` and `in`.  In that case the
+        `extra_end_rules` is set to ``['name:in']``.
+
+        `explicit_parentheses` is true if the parsing was triggered by an
+        expression in parentheses.  This is used to figure out if an empty
+        tuple is a valid expression or not.
+        """
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        if simplified:
+
+            def parse() -> nodes.Expr:
+                return self.parse_primary(with_namespace=with_namespace)
+
+        else:
+
+            def parse() -> nodes.Expr:
+                return self.parse_expression(with_condexpr=with_condexpr)
+
+        args: t.List[nodes.Expr] = []
+        is_tuple = False
+
+        while True:
+            if args:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            if self.is_tuple_end(extra_end_rules):
+                break
+            args.append(parse())
+            if self.stream.current.type == "comma":
+                is_tuple = True
+            else:
+                break
+            lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+
+        if not is_tuple:
+            if args:
+                return args[0]
+
+            # if we don't have explicit parentheses, an empty tuple is
+            # not a valid expression.  This would mean nothing (literally
+            # nothing) in the spot of an expression would be an empty
+            # tuple.
+            if not explicit_parentheses:
+                self.fail(
+                    "Expected an expression,"
+                    f" got {describe_token(self.stream.current)!r}"
+                )
+
+        return nodes.Tuple(args, "load", lineno=lineno)
+
+    def parse_list(self) -> nodes.List:
+        token = self.stream.expect("lbracket")
+        items: t.List[nodes.Expr] = []
+        while self.stream.current.type != "rbracket":
+            if items:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            if self.stream.current.type == "rbracket":
+                break
+            items.append(self.parse_expression())
+        self.stream.expect("rbracket")
+        return nodes.List(items, lineno=token.lineno)
+
+    def parse_dict(self) -> nodes.Dict:
+        token = self.stream.expect("lbrace")
+        items: t.List[nodes.Pair] = []
+        while self.stream.current.type != "rbrace":
+            if items:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+            if self.stream.current.type == "rbrace":
+                break
+            key = self.parse_expression()
+            self.stream.expect("colon")
+            value = self.parse_expression()
+            items.append(nodes.Pair(key, value, lineno=key.lineno))
+        self.stream.expect("rbrace")
+        return nodes.Dict(items, lineno=token.lineno)
+
+    def parse_postfix(self, node: nodes.Expr) -> nodes.Expr:
+        while True:
+            token_type = self.stream.current.type
+            if token_type == "dot" or token_type == "lbracket":
+                node = self.parse_subscript(node)
+            # calls are valid both after postfix expressions (getattr
+            # and getitem) as well as filters and tests
+            elif token_type == "lparen":
+                node = self.parse_call(node)
+            else:
+                break
+        return node
+
+    def parse_filter_expr(self, node: nodes.Expr) -> nodes.Expr:
+        while True:
+            token_type = self.stream.current.type
+            if token_type == "pipe":
+                node = self.parse_filter(node)  # type: ignore
+            elif token_type == "name" and self.stream.current.value == "is":
+                node = self.parse_test(node)
+            # calls are valid both after postfix expressions (getattr
+            # and getitem) as well as filters and tests
+            elif token_type == "lparen":
+                node = self.parse_call(node)
+            else:
+                break
+        return node
+
+    def parse_subscript(
+        self, node: nodes.Expr
+    ) -> t.Union[nodes.Getattr, nodes.Getitem]:
+        token = next(self.stream)
+        arg: nodes.Expr
+
+        if token.type == "dot":
+            attr_token = self.stream.current
+            next(self.stream)
+            if attr_token.type == "name":
+                return nodes.Getattr(
+                    node, attr_token.value, "load", lineno=token.lineno
+                )
+            elif attr_token.type != "integer":
+                self.fail("expected name or number", attr_token.lineno)
+            arg = nodes.Const(attr_token.value, lineno=attr_token.lineno)
+            return nodes.Getitem(node, arg, "load", lineno=token.lineno)
+        if token.type == "lbracket":
+            args: t.List[nodes.Expr] = []
+            while self.stream.current.type != "rbracket":
+                if args:
+                    self.stream.expect("comma")
+                args.append(self.parse_subscribed())
+            self.stream.expect("rbracket")
+            if len(args) == 1:
+                arg = args[0]
+            else:
+                arg = nodes.Tuple(args, "load", lineno=token.lineno)
+            return nodes.Getitem(node, arg, "load", lineno=token.lineno)
+        self.fail("expected subscript expression", token.lineno)
+
+    def parse_subscribed(self) -> nodes.Expr:
+        lineno = self.stream.current.lineno
+        args: t.List[t.Optional[nodes.Expr]]
+
+        if self.stream.current.type == "colon":
+            next(self.stream)
+            args = [None]
+        else:
+            node = self.parse_expression()
+            if self.stream.current.type != "colon":
+                return node
+            next(self.stream)
+            args = [node]
+
+        if self.stream.current.type == "colon":
+            args.append(None)
+        elif self.stream.current.type not in ("rbracket", "comma"):
+            args.append(self.parse_expression())
+        else:
+            args.append(None)
+
+        if self.stream.current.type == "colon":
+            next(self.stream)
+            if self.stream.current.type not in ("rbracket", "comma"):
+                args.append(self.parse_expression())
+            else:
+                args.append(None)
+        else:
+            args.append(None)
+
+        return nodes.Slice(lineno=lineno, *args)  # noqa: B026
+
+    def parse_call_args(
+        self,
+    ) -> t.Tuple[
+        t.List[nodes.Expr],
+        t.List[nodes.Keyword],
+        t.Optional[nodes.Expr],
+        t.Optional[nodes.Expr],
+    ]:
+        token = self.stream.expect("lparen")
+        args = []
+        kwargs = []
+        dyn_args = None
+        dyn_kwargs = None
+        require_comma = False
+
+        def ensure(expr: bool) -> None:
+            if not expr:
+                self.fail("invalid syntax for function call expression", token.lineno)
+
+        while self.stream.current.type != "rparen":
+            if require_comma:
+                self.stream.expect("comma")
+
+                # support for trailing comma
+                if self.stream.current.type == "rparen":
+                    break
+
+            if self.stream.current.type == "mul":
+                ensure(dyn_args is None and dyn_kwargs is None)
+                next(self.stream)
+                dyn_args = self.parse_expression()
+            elif self.stream.current.type == "pow":
+                ensure(dyn_kwargs is None)
+                next(self.stream)
+                dyn_kwargs = self.parse_expression()
+            else:
+                if (
+                    self.stream.current.type == "name"
+                    and self.stream.look().type == "assign"
+                ):
+                    # Parsing a kwarg
+                    ensure(dyn_kwargs is None)
+                    key = self.stream.current.value
+                    self.stream.skip(2)
+                    value = self.parse_expression()
+                    kwargs.append(nodes.Keyword(key, value, lineno=value.lineno))
+                else:
+                    # Parsing an arg
+                    ensure(dyn_args is None and dyn_kwargs is None and not kwargs)
+                    args.append(self.parse_expression())
+
+            require_comma = True
+
+        self.stream.expect("rparen")
+        return args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs
+
+    def parse_call(self, node: nodes.Expr) -> nodes.Call:
+        # The lparen will be expected in parse_call_args, but the lineno
+        # needs to be recorded before the stream is advanced.
+        token = self.stream.current
+        args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs = self.parse_call_args()
+        return nodes.Call(node, args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs, lineno=token.lineno)
+
+    def parse_filter(
+        self, node: t.Optional[nodes.Expr], start_inline: bool = False
+    ) -> t.Optional[nodes.Expr]:
+        while self.stream.current.type == "pipe" or start_inline:
+            if not start_inline:
+                next(self.stream)
+            token = self.stream.expect("name")
+            name = token.value
+            while self.stream.current.type == "dot":
+                next(self.stream)
+                name += "." + self.stream.expect("name").value
+            if self.stream.current.type == "lparen":
+                args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs = self.parse_call_args()
+            else:
+                args = []
+                kwargs = []
+                dyn_args = dyn_kwargs = None
+            node = nodes.Filter(
+                node, name, args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs, lineno=token.lineno
+            )
+            start_inline = False
+        return node
+
+    def parse_test(self, node: nodes.Expr) -> nodes.Expr:
+        token = next(self.stream)
+        if self.stream.current.test("name:not"):
+            next(self.stream)
+            negated = True
+        else:
+            negated = False
+        name = self.stream.expect("name").value
+        while self.stream.current.type == "dot":
+            next(self.stream)
+            name += "." + self.stream.expect("name").value
+        dyn_args = dyn_kwargs = None
+        kwargs: t.List[nodes.Keyword] = []
+        if self.stream.current.type == "lparen":
+            args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs = self.parse_call_args()
+        elif self.stream.current.type in {
+            "name",
+            "string",
+            "integer",
+            "float",
+            "lparen",
+            "lbracket",
+            "lbrace",
+        } and not self.stream.current.test_any("name:else", "name:or", "name:and"):
+            if self.stream.current.test("name:is"):
+                self.fail("You cannot chain multiple tests with is")
+            arg_node = self.parse_primary()
+            arg_node = self.parse_postfix(arg_node)
+            args = [arg_node]
+        else:
+            args = []
+        node = nodes.Test(
+            node, name, args, kwargs, dyn_args, dyn_kwargs, lineno=token.lineno
+        )
+        if negated:
+            node = nodes.Not(node, lineno=token.lineno)
+        return node
+
+    def subparse(
+        self, end_tokens: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, ...]] = None
+    ) -> t.List[nodes.Node]:
+        body: t.List[nodes.Node] = []
+        data_buffer: t.List[nodes.Node] = []
+        add_data = data_buffer.append
+
+        if end_tokens is not None:
+            self._end_token_stack.append(end_tokens)
+
+        def flush_data() -> None:
+            if data_buffer:
+                lineno = data_buffer[0].lineno
+                body.append(nodes.Output(data_buffer[:], lineno=lineno))
+                del data_buffer[:]
+
+        try:
+            while self.stream:
+                token = self.stream.current
+                if token.type == "data":
+                    if token.value:
+                        add_data(nodes.TemplateData(token.value, lineno=token.lineno))
+                    next(self.stream)
+                elif token.type == "variable_begin":
+                    next(self.stream)
+                    add_data(self.parse_tuple(with_condexpr=True))
+                    self.stream.expect("variable_end")
+                elif token.type == "block_begin":
+                    flush_data()
+                    next(self.stream)
+                    if end_tokens is not None and self.stream.current.test_any(
+                        *end_tokens
+                    ):
+                        return body
+                    rv = self.parse_statement()
+                    if isinstance(rv, list):
+                        body.extend(rv)
+                    else:
+                        body.append(rv)
+                    self.stream.expect("block_end")
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError("internal parsing error")
+
+            flush_data()
+        finally:
+            if end_tokens is not None:
+                self._end_token_stack.pop()
+        return body
+
+    def parse(self) -> nodes.Template:
+        """Parse the whole template into a `Template` node."""
+        result = nodes.Template(self.subparse(), lineno=1)
+        result.set_environment(self.environment)
+        return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09119e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1062 @@
+"""The runtime functions and state used by compiled templates."""
+
+import functools
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from collections import abc
+from itertools import chain
+
+from markupsafe import escape  # noqa: F401
+from markupsafe import Markup
+from markupsafe import soft_str
+
+from .async_utils import auto_aiter
+from .async_utils import auto_await  # noqa: F401
+from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound  # noqa: F401
+from .exceptions import TemplateRuntimeError  # noqa: F401
+from .exceptions import UndefinedError
+from .nodes import EvalContext
+from .utils import _PassArg
+from .utils import concat
+from .utils import internalcode
+from .utils import missing
+from .utils import Namespace  # noqa: F401
+from .utils import object_type_repr
+from .utils import pass_eval_context
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+    class LoopRenderFunc(te.Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            reciter: t.Iterable[V],
+            loop_render_func: "LoopRenderFunc",
+            depth: int = 0,
+        ) -> str: ...
+
+
+# these variables are exported to the template runtime
+exported = [
+    "LoopContext",
+    "TemplateReference",
+    "Macro",
+    "Markup",
+    "TemplateRuntimeError",
+    "missing",
+    "escape",
+    "markup_join",
+    "str_join",
+    "identity",
+    "TemplateNotFound",
+    "Namespace",
+    "Undefined",
+    "internalcode",
+]
+async_exported = [
+    "AsyncLoopContext",
+    "auto_aiter",
+    "auto_await",
+]
+
+
+def identity(x: V) -> V:
+    """Returns its argument. Useful for certain things in the
+    environment.
+    """
+    return x
+
+
+def markup_join(seq: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Concatenation that escapes if necessary and converts to string."""
+    buf = []
+    iterator = map(soft_str, seq)
+    for arg in iterator:
+        buf.append(arg)
+        if hasattr(arg, "__html__"):
+            return Markup("").join(chain(buf, iterator))
+    return concat(buf)
+
+
+def str_join(seq: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Simple args to string conversion and concatenation."""
+    return concat(map(str, seq))
+
+
+def new_context(
+    environment: "Environment",
+    template_name: t.Optional[str],
+    blocks: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[["Context"], t.Iterator[str]]],
+    vars: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    shared: bool = False,
+    globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    locals: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+) -> "Context":
+    """Internal helper for context creation."""
+    if vars is None:
+        vars = {}
+    if shared:
+        parent = vars
+    else:
+        parent = dict(globals or (), **vars)
+    if locals:
+        # if the parent is shared a copy should be created because
+        # we don't want to modify the dict passed
+        if shared:
+            parent = dict(parent)
+        for key, value in locals.items():
+            if value is not missing:
+                parent[key] = value
+    return environment.context_class(
+        environment, parent, template_name, blocks, globals=globals
+    )
+
+
+class TemplateReference:
+    """The `self` in templates."""
+
+    def __init__(self, context: "Context") -> None:
+        self.__context = context
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        blocks = self.__context.blocks[name]
+        return BlockReference(name, self.__context, blocks, 0)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.__context.name!r}>"
+
+
+def _dict_method_all(dict_method: F) -> F:
+    @functools.wraps(dict_method)
+    def f_all(self: "Context") -> t.Any:
+        return dict_method(self.get_all())
+
+    return t.cast(F, f_all)
+
+
+@abc.Mapping.register
+class Context:
+    """The template context holds the variables of a template.  It stores the
+    values passed to the template and also the names the template exports.
+    Creating instances is neither supported nor useful as it's created
+    automatically at various stages of the template evaluation and should not
+    be created by hand.
+
+    The context is immutable.  Modifications on :attr:`parent` **must not**
+    happen and modifications on :attr:`vars` are allowed from generated
+    template code only.  Template filters and global functions marked as
+    :func:`pass_context` get the active context passed as first argument
+    and are allowed to access the context read-only.
+
+    The template context supports read only dict operations (`get`,
+    `keys`, `values`, `items`, `iterkeys`, `itervalues`, `iteritems`,
+    `__getitem__`, `__contains__`).  Additionally there is a :meth:`resolve`
+    method that doesn't fail with a `KeyError` but returns an
+    :class:`Undefined` object for missing variables.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        parent: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
+        name: t.Optional[str],
+        blocks: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[["Context"], t.Iterator[str]]],
+        globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.vars: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.environment: Environment = environment
+        self.eval_ctx = EvalContext(self.environment, name)
+        self.exported_vars: t.Set[str] = set()
+        self.name = name
+        self.globals_keys = set() if globals is None else set(globals)
+
+        # create the initial mapping of blocks.  Whenever template inheritance
+        # takes place the runtime will update this mapping with the new blocks
+        # from the template.
+        self.blocks = {k: [v] for k, v in blocks.items()}
+
+    def super(
+        self, name: str, current: t.Callable[["Context"], t.Iterator[str]]
+    ) -> t.Union["BlockReference", "Undefined"]:
+        """Render a parent block."""
+        try:
+            blocks = self.blocks[name]
+            index = blocks.index(current) + 1
+            blocks[index]
+        except LookupError:
+            return self.environment.undefined(
+                f"there is no parent block called {name!r}.", name="super"
+            )
+        return BlockReference(name, self, blocks, index)
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Look up a variable by name, or return a default if the key is
+        not found.
+
+        :param key: The variable name to look up.
+        :param default: The value to return if the key is not found.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def resolve(self, key: str) -> t.Union[t.Any, "Undefined"]:
+        """Look up a variable by name, or return an :class:`Undefined`
+        object if the key is not found.
+
+        If you need to add custom behavior, override
+        :meth:`resolve_or_missing`, not this method. The various lookup
+        functions use that method, not this one.
+
+        :param key: The variable name to look up.
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_or_missing(key)
+
+        if rv is missing:
+            return self.environment.undefined(name=key)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def resolve_or_missing(self, key: str) -> t.Any:
+        """Look up a variable by name, or return a ``missing`` sentinel
+        if the key is not found.
+
+        Override this method to add custom lookup behavior.
+        :meth:`resolve`, :meth:`get`, and :meth:`__getitem__` use this
+        method. Don't call this method directly.
+
+        :param key: The variable name to look up.
+        """
+        if key in self.vars:
+            return self.vars[key]
+
+        if key in self.parent:
+            return self.parent[key]
+
+        return missing
+
+    def get_exported(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Get a new dict with the exported variables."""
+        return {k: self.vars[k] for k in self.exported_vars}
+
+    def get_all(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Return the complete context as dict including the exported
+        variables.  For optimizations reasons this might not return an
+        actual copy so be careful with using it.
+        """
+        if not self.vars:
+            return self.parent
+        if not self.parent:
+            return self.vars
+        return dict(self.parent, **self.vars)
+
+    @internalcode
+    def call(
+        __self,
+        __obj: t.Callable[..., t.Any],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,  # noqa: B902
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Any, "Undefined"]:
+        """Call the callable with the arguments and keyword arguments
+        provided but inject the active context or environment as first
+        argument if the callable has :func:`pass_context` or
+        :func:`pass_environment`.
+        """
+        if __debug__:
+            __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa
+
+        # Allow callable classes to take a context
+        if (
+            hasattr(__obj, "__call__")  # noqa: B004
+            and _PassArg.from_obj(__obj.__call__) is not None
+        ):
+            __obj = __obj.__call__
+
+        pass_arg = _PassArg.from_obj(__obj)
+
+        if pass_arg is _PassArg.context:
+            # the active context should have access to variables set in
+            # loops and blocks without mutating the context itself
+            if kwargs.get("_loop_vars"):
+                __self = __self.derived(kwargs["_loop_vars"])
+            if kwargs.get("_block_vars"):
+                __self = __self.derived(kwargs["_block_vars"])
+            args = (__self,) + args
+        elif pass_arg is _PassArg.eval_context:
+            args = (__self.eval_ctx,) + args
+        elif pass_arg is _PassArg.environment:
+            args = (__self.environment,) + args
+
+        kwargs.pop("_block_vars", None)
+        kwargs.pop("_loop_vars", None)
+
+        try:
+            return __obj(*args, **kwargs)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return __self.environment.undefined(
+                "value was undefined because a callable raised a"
+                " StopIteration exception"
+            )
+
+    def derived(self, locals: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None) -> "Context":
+        """Internal helper function to create a derived context.  This is
+        used in situations where the system needs a new context in the same
+        template that is independent.
+        """
+        context = new_context(
+            self.environment, self.name, {}, self.get_all(), True, None, locals
+        )
+        context.eval_ctx = self.eval_ctx
+        context.blocks.update((k, list(v)) for k, v in self.blocks.items())
+        return context
+
+    keys = _dict_method_all(dict.keys)
+    values = _dict_method_all(dict.values)
+    items = _dict_method_all(dict.items)
+
+    def __contains__(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return name in self.vars or name in self.parent
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> t.Any:
+        """Look up a variable by name with ``[]`` syntax, or raise a
+        ``KeyError`` if the key is not found.
+        """
+        item = self.resolve_or_missing(key)
+
+        if item is missing:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        return item
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.get_all()!r} of {self.name!r}>"
+
+
+class BlockReference:
+    """One block on a template reference."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        context: "Context",
+        stack: t.List[t.Callable[["Context"], t.Iterator[str]]],
+        depth: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self._context = context
+        self._stack = stack
+        self._depth = depth
+
+    @property
+    def super(self) -> t.Union["BlockReference", "Undefined"]:
+        """Super the block."""
+        if self._depth + 1 >= len(self._stack):
+            return self._context.environment.undefined(
+                f"there is no parent block called {self.name!r}.", name="super"
+            )
+        return BlockReference(self.name, self._context, self._stack, self._depth + 1)
+
+    @internalcode
+    async def _async_call(self) -> str:
+        rv = self._context.environment.concat(  # type: ignore
+            [x async for x in self._stack[self._depth](self._context)]  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+        if self._context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            return Markup(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    @internalcode
+    def __call__(self) -> str:
+        if self._context.environment.is_async:
+            return self._async_call()  # type: ignore
+
+        rv = self._context.environment.concat(  # type: ignore
+            self._stack[self._depth](self._context)
+        )
+
+        if self._context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
+            return Markup(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+
+class LoopContext:
+    """A wrapper iterable for dynamic ``for`` loops, with information
+    about the loop and iteration.
+    """
+
+    #: Current iteration of the loop, starting at 0.
+    index0 = -1
+
+    _length: t.Optional[int] = None
+    _after: t.Any = missing
+    _current: t.Any = missing
+    _before: t.Any = missing
+    _last_changed_value: t.Any = missing
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: t.Iterable[V],
+        undefined: t.Type["Undefined"],
+        recurse: t.Optional["LoopRenderFunc"] = None,
+        depth0: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param iterable: Iterable to wrap.
+        :param undefined: :class:`Undefined` class to use for next and
+            previous items.
+        :param recurse: The function to render the loop body when the
+            loop is marked recursive.
+        :param depth0: Incremented when looping recursively.
+        """
+        self._iterable = iterable
+        self._iterator = self._to_iterator(iterable)
+        self._undefined = undefined
+        self._recurse = recurse
+        #: How many levels deep a recursive loop currently is, starting at 0.
+        self.depth0 = depth0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_iterator(iterable: t.Iterable[V]) -> t.Iterator[V]:
+        return iter(iterable)
+
+    @property
+    def length(self) -> int:
+        """Length of the iterable.
+
+        If the iterable is a generator or otherwise does not have a
+        size, it is eagerly evaluated to get a size.
+        """
+        if self._length is not None:
+            return self._length
+
+        try:
+            self._length = len(self._iterable)  # type: ignore
+        except TypeError:
+            iterable = list(self._iterator)
+            self._iterator = self._to_iterator(iterable)
+            self._length = len(iterable) + self.index + (self._after is not missing)
+
+        return self._length
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self.length
+
+    @property
+    def depth(self) -> int:
+        """How many levels deep a recursive loop currently is, starting at 1."""
+        return self.depth0 + 1
+
+    @property
+    def index(self) -> int:
+        """Current iteration of the loop, starting at 1."""
+        return self.index0 + 1
+
+    @property
+    def revindex0(self) -> int:
+        """Number of iterations from the end of the loop, ending at 0.
+
+        Requires calculating :attr:`length`.
+        """
+        return self.length - self.index
+
+    @property
+    def revindex(self) -> int:
+        """Number of iterations from the end of the loop, ending at 1.
+
+        Requires calculating :attr:`length`.
+        """
+        return self.length - self.index0
+
+    @property
+    def first(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this is the first iteration of the loop."""
+        return self.index0 == 0
+
+    def _peek_next(self) -> t.Any:
+        """Return the next element in the iterable, or :data:`missing`
+        if the iterable is exhausted. Only peeks one item ahead, caching
+        the result in :attr:`_last` for use in subsequent checks. The
+        cache is reset when :meth:`__next__` is called.
+        """
+        if self._after is not missing:
+            return self._after
+
+        self._after = next(self._iterator, missing)
+        return self._after
+
+    @property
+    def last(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this is the last iteration of the loop.
+
+        Causes the iterable to advance early. See
+        :func:`itertools.groupby` for issues this can cause.
+        The :func:`groupby` filter avoids that issue.
+        """
+        return self._peek_next() is missing
+
+    @property
+    def previtem(self) -> t.Union[t.Any, "Undefined"]:
+        """The item in the previous iteration. Undefined during the
+        first iteration.
+        """
+        if self.first:
+            return self._undefined("there is no previous item")
+
+        return self._before
+
+    @property
+    def nextitem(self) -> t.Union[t.Any, "Undefined"]:
+        """The item in the next iteration. Undefined during the last
+        iteration.
+
+        Causes the iterable to advance early. See
+        :func:`itertools.groupby` for issues this can cause.
+        The :func:`jinja-filters.groupby` filter avoids that issue.
+        """
+        rv = self._peek_next()
+
+        if rv is missing:
+            return self._undefined("there is no next item")
+
+        return rv
+
+    def cycle(self, *args: V) -> V:
+        """Return a value from the given args, cycling through based on
+        the current :attr:`index0`.
+
+        :param args: One or more values to cycle through.
+        """
+        if not args:
+            raise TypeError("no items for cycling given")
+
+        return args[self.index0 % len(args)]
+
+    def changed(self, *value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if previously called with a different value
+        (including when called for the first time).
+
+        :param value: One or more values to compare to the last call.
+        """
+        if self._last_changed_value != value:
+            self._last_changed_value = value
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> "LoopContext":
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, "LoopContext"]:
+        if self._after is not missing:
+            rv = self._after
+            self._after = missing
+        else:
+            rv = next(self._iterator)
+
+        self.index0 += 1
+        self._before = self._current
+        self._current = rv
+        return rv, self
+
+    @internalcode
+    def __call__(self, iterable: t.Iterable[V]) -> str:
+        """When iterating over nested data, render the body of the loop
+        recursively with the given inner iterable data.
+
+        The loop must have the ``recursive`` marker for this to work.
+        """
+        if self._recurse is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "The loop must have the 'recursive' marker to be called recursively."
+            )
+
+        return self._recurse(iterable, self._recurse, depth=self.depth)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.index}/{self.length}>"
+
+
+class AsyncLoopContext(LoopContext):
+    _iterator: t.AsyncIterator[t.Any]  # type: ignore
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_iterator(  # type: ignore
+        iterable: t.Union[t.Iterable[V], t.AsyncIterable[V]],
+    ) -> t.AsyncIterator[V]:
+        return auto_aiter(iterable)
+
+    @property
+    async def length(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        if self._length is not None:
+            return self._length
+
+        try:
+            self._length = len(self._iterable)  # type: ignore
+        except TypeError:
+            iterable = [x async for x in self._iterator]
+            self._iterator = self._to_iterator(iterable)
+            self._length = len(iterable) + self.index + (self._after is not missing)
+
+        return self._length
+
+    @property
+    async def revindex0(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        return await self.length - self.index
+
+    @property
+    async def revindex(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        return await self.length - self.index0
+
+    async def _peek_next(self) -> t.Any:
+        if self._after is not missing:
+            return self._after
+
+        try:
+            self._after = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            self._after = missing
+
+        return self._after
+
+    @property
+    async def last(self) -> bool:  # type: ignore
+        return await self._peek_next() is missing
+
+    @property
+    async def nextitem(self) -> t.Union[t.Any, "Undefined"]:
+        rv = await self._peek_next()
+
+        if rv is missing:
+            return self._undefined("there is no next item")
+
+        return rv
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> "AsyncLoopContext":
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, "AsyncLoopContext"]:
+        if self._after is not missing:
+            rv = self._after
+            self._after = missing
+        else:
+            rv = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+
+        self.index0 += 1
+        self._before = self._current
+        self._current = rv
+        return rv, self
+
+
+class Macro:
+    """Wraps a macro function."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        environment: "Environment",
+        func: t.Callable[..., str],
+        name: str,
+        arguments: t.List[str],
+        catch_kwargs: bool,
+        catch_varargs: bool,
+        caller: bool,
+        default_autoescape: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+    ):
+        self._environment = environment
+        self._func = func
+        self._argument_count = len(arguments)
+        self.name = name
+        self.arguments = arguments
+        self.catch_kwargs = catch_kwargs
+        self.catch_varargs = catch_varargs
+        self.caller = caller
+        self.explicit_caller = "caller" in arguments
+
+        if default_autoescape is None:
+            if callable(environment.autoescape):
+                default_autoescape = environment.autoescape(None)
+            else:
+                default_autoescape = environment.autoescape
+
+        self._default_autoescape = default_autoescape
+
+    @internalcode
+    @pass_eval_context
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+        # This requires a bit of explanation,  In the past we used to
+        # decide largely based on compile-time information if a macro is
+        # safe or unsafe.  While there was a volatile mode it was largely
+        # unused for deciding on escaping.  This turns out to be
+        # problematic for macros because whether a macro is safe depends not
+        # on the escape mode when it was defined, but rather when it was used.
+        #
+        # Because however we export macros from the module system and
+        # there are historic callers that do not pass an eval context (and
+        # will continue to not pass one), we need to perform an instance
+        # check here.
+        #
+        # This is considered safe because an eval context is not a valid
+        # argument to callables otherwise anyway.  Worst case here is
+        # that if no eval context is passed we fall back to the compile
+        # time autoescape flag.
+        if args and isinstance(args[0], EvalContext):
+            autoescape = args[0].autoescape
+            args = args[1:]
+        else:
+            autoescape = self._default_autoescape
+
+        # try to consume the positional arguments
+        arguments = list(args[: self._argument_count])
+        off = len(arguments)
+
+        # For information why this is necessary refer to the handling
+        # of caller in the `macro_body` handler in the compiler.
+        found_caller = False
+
+        # if the number of arguments consumed is not the number of
+        # arguments expected we start filling in keyword arguments
+        # and defaults.
+        if off != self._argument_count:
+            for name in self.arguments[len(arguments) :]:
+                try:
+                    value = kwargs.pop(name)
+                except KeyError:
+                    value = missing
+                if name == "caller":
+                    found_caller = True
+                arguments.append(value)
+        else:
+            found_caller = self.explicit_caller
+
+        # it's important that the order of these arguments does not change
+        # if not also changed in the compiler's `function_scoping` method.
+        # the order is caller, keyword arguments, positional arguments!
+        if self.caller and not found_caller:
+            caller = kwargs.pop("caller", None)
+            if caller is None:
+                caller = self._environment.undefined("No caller defined", name="caller")
+            arguments.append(caller)
+
+        if self.catch_kwargs:
+            arguments.append(kwargs)
+        elif kwargs:
+            if "caller" in kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"macro {self.name!r} was invoked with two values for the special"
+                    " caller argument. This is most likely a bug."
+                )
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"macro {self.name!r} takes no keyword argument {next(iter(kwargs))!r}"
+            )
+        if self.catch_varargs:
+            arguments.append(args[self._argument_count :])
+        elif len(args) > self._argument_count:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"macro {self.name!r} takes not more than"
+                f" {len(self.arguments)} argument(s)"
+            )
+
+        return self._invoke(arguments, autoescape)
+
+    async def _async_invoke(self, arguments: t.List[t.Any], autoescape: bool) -> str:
+        rv = await self._func(*arguments)  # type: ignore
+
+        if autoescape:
+            return Markup(rv)
+
+        return rv  # type: ignore
+
+    def _invoke(self, arguments: t.List[t.Any], autoescape: bool) -> str:
+        if self._environment.is_async:
+            return self._async_invoke(arguments, autoescape)  # type: ignore
+
+        rv = self._func(*arguments)
+
+        if autoescape:
+            rv = Markup(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        name = "anonymous" if self.name is None else repr(self.name)
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {name}>"
+
+
+class Undefined:
+    """The default undefined type. This can be printed, iterated, and treated as
+    a boolean. Any other operation will raise an :exc:`UndefinedError`.
+
+    >>> foo = Undefined(name='foo')
+    >>> str(foo)
+    ''
+    >>> not foo
+    True
+    >>> foo + 42
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_undefined_hint",
+        "_undefined_obj",
+        "_undefined_name",
+        "_undefined_exception",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hint: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        obj: t.Any = missing,
+        name: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        exc: t.Type[TemplateRuntimeError] = UndefinedError,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._undefined_hint = hint
+        self._undefined_obj = obj
+        self._undefined_name = name
+        self._undefined_exception = exc
+
+    @property
+    def _undefined_message(self) -> str:
+        """Build a message about the undefined value based on how it was
+        accessed.
+        """
+        if self._undefined_hint:
+            return self._undefined_hint
+
+        if self._undefined_obj is missing:
+            return f"{self._undefined_name!r} is undefined"
+
+        if not isinstance(self._undefined_name, str):
+            return (
+                f"{object_type_repr(self._undefined_obj)} has no"
+                f" element {self._undefined_name!r}"
+            )
+
+        return (
+            f"{object_type_repr(self._undefined_obj)!r} has no"
+            f" attribute {self._undefined_name!r}"
+        )
+
+    @internalcode
+    def _fail_with_undefined_error(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+        """Raise an :exc:`UndefinedError` when operations are performed
+        on the undefined value.
+        """
+        raise self._undefined_exception(self._undefined_message)
+
+    @internalcode
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        # Raise AttributeError on requests for names that appear to be unimplemented
+        # dunder methods to keep Python's internal protocol probing behaviors working
+        # properly in cases where another exception type could cause unexpected or
+        # difficult-to-diagnose failures.
+        if name[:2] == "__" and name[-2:] == "__":
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+
+        return self._fail_with_undefined_error()
+
+    __add__ = __radd__ = __sub__ = __rsub__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __mul__ = __rmul__ = __div__ = __rdiv__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __truediv__ = __rtruediv__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __floordiv__ = __rfloordiv__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __mod__ = __rmod__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __pos__ = __neg__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __call__ = __getitem__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __lt__ = __le__ = __gt__ = __ge__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __int__ = __float__ = __complex__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+    __pow__ = __rpow__ = _fail_with_undefined_error
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return type(self) is type(other)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return id(type(self))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+        yield from ()
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> t.AsyncIterator[t.Any]:
+        for _ in ():
+            yield
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Undefined"
+
+
+def make_logging_undefined(
+    logger: t.Optional["logging.Logger"] = None, base: t.Type[Undefined] = Undefined
+) -> t.Type[Undefined]:
+    """Given a logger object this returns a new undefined class that will
+    log certain failures.  It will log iterations and printing.  If no
+    logger is given a default logger is created.
+
+    Example::
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        LoggingUndefined = make_logging_undefined(
+            logger=logger,
+            base=Undefined
+        )
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.8
+
+    :param logger: the logger to use.  If not provided, a default logger
+                   is created.
+    :param base: the base class to add logging functionality to.  This
+                 defaults to :class:`Undefined`.
+    """
+    if logger is None:
+        import logging
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr))
+
+    def _log_message(undef: Undefined) -> None:
+        logger.warning("Template variable warning: %s", undef._undefined_message)
+
+    class LoggingUndefined(base):  # type: ignore
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def _fail_with_undefined_error(  # type: ignore
+            self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+        ) -> "te.NoReturn":
+            try:
+                super()._fail_with_undefined_error(*args, **kwargs)
+            except self._undefined_exception as e:
+                logger.error("Template variable error: %s", e)  # type: ignore
+                raise e
+
+        def __str__(self) -> str:
+            _log_message(self)
+            return super().__str__()  # type: ignore
+
+        def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+            _log_message(self)
+            return super().__iter__()  # type: ignore
+
+        def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+            _log_message(self)
+            return super().__bool__()  # type: ignore
+
+    return LoggingUndefined
+
+
+class ChainableUndefined(Undefined):
+    """An undefined that is chainable, where both ``__getattr__`` and
+    ``__getitem__`` return itself rather than raising an
+    :exc:`UndefinedError`.
+
+    >>> foo = ChainableUndefined(name='foo')
+    >>> str(foo.bar['baz'])
+    ''
+    >>> foo.bar['baz'] + 42
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11.0
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __html__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> "ChainableUndefined":
+        # Raise AttributeError on requests for names that appear to be unimplemented
+        # dunder methods to avoid confusing Python with truthy non-method objects that
+        # do not implement the protocol being probed for. e.g., copy.copy(Undefined())
+        # fails spectacularly if getattr(Undefined(), '__setstate__') returns an
+        # Undefined object instead of raising AttributeError to signal that it does not
+        # support that style of object initialization.
+        if name[:2] == "__" and name[-2:] == "__":
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __getitem__(self, _name: str) -> "ChainableUndefined":  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self
+
+
+class DebugUndefined(Undefined):
+    """An undefined that returns the debug info when printed.
+
+    >>> foo = DebugUndefined(name='foo')
+    >>> str(foo)
+    '{{ foo }}'
+    >>> not foo
+    True
+    >>> foo + 42
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self._undefined_hint:
+            message = f"undefined value printed: {self._undefined_hint}"
+
+        elif self._undefined_obj is missing:
+            message = self._undefined_name  # type: ignore
+
+        else:
+            message = (
+                f"no such element: {object_type_repr(self._undefined_obj)}"
+                f"[{self._undefined_name!r}]"
+            )
+
+        return f"{{{{ {message} }}}}"
+
+
+class StrictUndefined(Undefined):
+    """An undefined that barks on print and iteration as well as boolean
+    tests and all kinds of comparisons.  In other words: you can do nothing
+    with it except checking if it's defined using the `defined` test.
+
+    >>> foo = StrictUndefined(name='foo')
+    >>> str(foo)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+    >>> not foo
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+    >>> foo + 42
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: 'foo' is undefined
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __iter__ = __str__ = __len__ = Undefined._fail_with_undefined_error
+    __eq__ = __ne__ = __bool__ = __hash__ = Undefined._fail_with_undefined_error
+    __contains__ = Undefined._fail_with_undefined_error
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c9dae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+"""A sandbox layer that ensures unsafe operations cannot be performed.
+Useful when the template itself comes from an untrusted source.
+"""
+
+import operator
+import types
+import typing as t
+from _string import formatter_field_name_split  # type: ignore
+from collections import abc
+from collections import deque
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from string import Formatter
+
+from markupsafe import EscapeFormatter
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from .environment import Environment
+from .exceptions import SecurityError
+from .runtime import Context
+from .runtime import Undefined
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+#: maximum number of items a range may produce
+MAX_RANGE = 100000
+
+#: Unsafe function attributes.
+UNSAFE_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTES: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+#: Unsafe method attributes. Function attributes are unsafe for methods too.
+UNSAFE_METHOD_ATTRIBUTES: t.Set[str] = set()
+
+#: unsafe generator attributes.
+UNSAFE_GENERATOR_ATTRIBUTES = {"gi_frame", "gi_code"}
+
+#: unsafe attributes on coroutines
+UNSAFE_COROUTINE_ATTRIBUTES = {"cr_frame", "cr_code"}
+
+#: unsafe attributes on async generators
+UNSAFE_ASYNC_GENERATOR_ATTRIBUTES = {"ag_code", "ag_frame"}
+
+_mutable_spec: t.Tuple[t.Tuple[t.Type[t.Any], t.FrozenSet[str]], ...] = (
+    (
+        abc.MutableSet,
+        frozenset(
+            [
+                "add",
+                "clear",
+                "difference_update",
+                "discard",
+                "pop",
+                "remove",
+                "symmetric_difference_update",
+                "update",
+            ]
+        ),
+    ),
+    (
+        abc.MutableMapping,
+        frozenset(["clear", "pop", "popitem", "setdefault", "update"]),
+    ),
+    (
+        abc.MutableSequence,
+        frozenset(
+            ["append", "clear", "pop", "reverse", "insert", "sort", "extend", "remove"]
+        ),
+    ),
+    (
+        deque,
+        frozenset(
+            [
+                "append",
+                "appendleft",
+                "clear",
+                "extend",
+                "extendleft",
+                "pop",
+                "popleft",
+                "remove",
+                "rotate",
+            ]
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def safe_range(*args: int) -> range:
+    """A range that can't generate ranges with a length of more than
+    MAX_RANGE items.
+    """
+    rng = range(*args)
+
+    if len(rng) > MAX_RANGE:
+        raise OverflowError(
+            "Range too big. The sandbox blocks ranges larger than"
+            f" MAX_RANGE ({MAX_RANGE})."
+        )
+
+    return rng
+
+
+def unsafe(f: F) -> F:
+    """Marks a function or method as unsafe.
+
+    .. code-block: python
+
+        @unsafe
+        def delete(self):
+            pass
+    """
+    f.unsafe_callable = True  # type: ignore
+    return f
+
+
+def is_internal_attribute(obj: t.Any, attr: str) -> bool:
+    """Test if the attribute given is an internal python attribute.  For
+    example this function returns `True` for the `func_code` attribute of
+    python objects.  This is useful if the environment method
+    :meth:`~SandboxedEnvironment.is_safe_attribute` is overridden.
+
+    >>> from jinja2.sandbox import is_internal_attribute
+    >>> is_internal_attribute(str, "mro")
+    True
+    >>> is_internal_attribute(str, "upper")
+    False
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType):
+        if attr in UNSAFE_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return True
+    elif isinstance(obj, types.MethodType):
+        if attr in UNSAFE_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTES or attr in UNSAFE_METHOD_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return True
+    elif isinstance(obj, type):
+        if attr == "mro":
+            return True
+    elif isinstance(obj, (types.CodeType, types.TracebackType, types.FrameType)):
+        return True
+    elif isinstance(obj, types.GeneratorType):
+        if attr in UNSAFE_GENERATOR_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return True
+    elif hasattr(types, "CoroutineType") and isinstance(obj, types.CoroutineType):
+        if attr in UNSAFE_COROUTINE_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return True
+    elif hasattr(types, "AsyncGeneratorType") and isinstance(
+        obj, types.AsyncGeneratorType
+    ):
+        if attr in UNSAFE_ASYNC_GENERATOR_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return True
+    return attr.startswith("__")
+
+
+def modifies_known_mutable(obj: t.Any, attr: str) -> bool:
+    """This function checks if an attribute on a builtin mutable object
+    (list, dict, set or deque) or the corresponding ABCs would modify it
+    if called.
+
+    >>> modifies_known_mutable({}, "clear")
+    True
+    >>> modifies_known_mutable({}, "keys")
+    False
+    >>> modifies_known_mutable([], "append")
+    True
+    >>> modifies_known_mutable([], "index")
+    False
+
+    If called with an unsupported object, ``False`` is returned.
+
+    >>> modifies_known_mutable("foo", "upper")
+    False
+    """
+    for typespec, unsafe in _mutable_spec:
+        if isinstance(obj, typespec):
+            return attr in unsafe
+    return False
+
+
+class SandboxedEnvironment(Environment):
+    """The sandboxed environment.  It works like the regular environment but
+    tells the compiler to generate sandboxed code.  Additionally subclasses of
+    this environment may override the methods that tell the runtime what
+    attributes or functions are safe to access.
+
+    If the template tries to access insecure code a :exc:`SecurityError` is
+    raised.  However also other exceptions may occur during the rendering so
+    the caller has to ensure that all exceptions are caught.
+    """
+
+    sandboxed = True
+
+    #: default callback table for the binary operators.  A copy of this is
+    #: available on each instance of a sandboxed environment as
+    #: :attr:`binop_table`
+    default_binop_table: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[t.Any, t.Any], t.Any]] = {
+        "+": operator.add,
+        "-": operator.sub,
+        "*": operator.mul,
+        "/": operator.truediv,
+        "//": operator.floordiv,
+        "**": operator.pow,
+        "%": operator.mod,
+    }
+
+    #: default callback table for the unary operators.  A copy of this is
+    #: available on each instance of a sandboxed environment as
+    #: :attr:`unop_table`
+    default_unop_table: t.Dict[str, t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]] = {
+        "+": operator.pos,
+        "-": operator.neg,
+    }
+
+    #: a set of binary operators that should be intercepted.  Each operator
+    #: that is added to this set (empty by default) is delegated to the
+    #: :meth:`call_binop` method that will perform the operator.  The default
+    #: operator callback is specified by :attr:`binop_table`.
+    #:
+    #: The following binary operators are interceptable:
+    #: ``//``, ``%``, ``+``, ``*``, ``-``, ``/``, and ``**``
+    #:
+    #: The default operation form the operator table corresponds to the
+    #: builtin function.  Intercepted calls are always slower than the native
+    #: operator call, so make sure only to intercept the ones you are
+    #: interested in.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.6
+    intercepted_binops: t.FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+
+    #: a set of unary operators that should be intercepted.  Each operator
+    #: that is added to this set (empty by default) is delegated to the
+    #: :meth:`call_unop` method that will perform the operator.  The default
+    #: operator callback is specified by :attr:`unop_table`.
+    #:
+    #: The following unary operators are interceptable: ``+``, ``-``
+    #:
+    #: The default operation form the operator table corresponds to the
+    #: builtin function.  Intercepted calls are always slower than the native
+    #: operator call, so make sure only to intercept the ones you are
+    #: interested in.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.6
+    intercepted_unops: t.FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.globals["range"] = safe_range
+        self.binop_table = self.default_binop_table.copy()
+        self.unop_table = self.default_unop_table.copy()
+
+    def is_safe_attribute(self, obj: t.Any, attr: str, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """The sandboxed environment will call this method to check if the
+        attribute of an object is safe to access.  Per default all attributes
+        starting with an underscore are considered private as well as the
+        special attributes of internal python objects as returned by the
+        :func:`is_internal_attribute` function.
+        """
+        return not (attr.startswith("_") or is_internal_attribute(obj, attr))
+
+    def is_safe_callable(self, obj: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if an object is safely callable. By default callables
+        are considered safe unless decorated with :func:`unsafe`.
+
+        This also recognizes the Django convention of setting
+        ``func.alters_data = True``.
+        """
+        return not (
+            getattr(obj, "unsafe_callable", False) or getattr(obj, "alters_data", False)
+        )
+
+    def call_binop(
+        self, context: Context, operator: str, left: t.Any, right: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """For intercepted binary operator calls (:meth:`intercepted_binops`)
+        this function is executed instead of the builtin operator.  This can
+        be used to fine tune the behavior of certain operators.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.6
+        """
+        return self.binop_table[operator](left, right)
+
+    def call_unop(self, context: Context, operator: str, arg: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """For intercepted unary operator calls (:meth:`intercepted_unops`)
+        this function is executed instead of the builtin operator.  This can
+        be used to fine tune the behavior of certain operators.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.6
+        """
+        return self.unop_table[operator](arg)
+
+    def getitem(
+        self, obj: t.Any, argument: t.Union[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> t.Union[t.Any, Undefined]:
+        """Subscribe an object from sandboxed code."""
+        try:
+            return obj[argument]
+        except (TypeError, LookupError):
+            if isinstance(argument, str):
+                try:
+                    attr = str(argument)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        value = getattr(obj, attr)
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        fmt = self.wrap_str_format(value)
+                        if fmt is not None:
+                            return fmt
+                        if self.is_safe_attribute(obj, argument, value):
+                            return value
+                        return self.unsafe_undefined(obj, argument)
+        return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=argument)
+
+    def getattr(self, obj: t.Any, attribute: str) -> t.Union[t.Any, Undefined]:
+        """Subscribe an object from sandboxed code and prefer the
+        attribute.  The attribute passed *must* be a bytestring.
+        """
+        try:
+            value = getattr(obj, attribute)
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                return obj[attribute]
+            except (TypeError, LookupError):
+                pass
+        else:
+            fmt = self.wrap_str_format(value)
+            if fmt is not None:
+                return fmt
+            if self.is_safe_attribute(obj, attribute, value):
+                return value
+            return self.unsafe_undefined(obj, attribute)
+        return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=attribute)
+
+    def unsafe_undefined(self, obj: t.Any, attribute: str) -> Undefined:
+        """Return an undefined object for unsafe attributes."""
+        return self.undefined(
+            f"access to attribute {attribute!r} of"
+            f" {type(obj).__name__!r} object is unsafe.",
+            name=attribute,
+            obj=obj,
+            exc=SecurityError,
+        )
+
+    def wrap_str_format(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Optional[t.Callable[..., str]]:
+        """If the given value is a ``str.format`` or ``str.format_map`` method,
+        return a new function than handles sandboxing. This is done at access
+        rather than in :meth:`call`, so that calls made without ``call`` are
+        also sandboxed.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(
+            value, (types.MethodType, types.BuiltinMethodType)
+        ) or value.__name__ not in ("format", "format_map"):
+            return None
+
+        f_self: t.Any = value.__self__
+
+        if not isinstance(f_self, str):
+            return None
+
+        str_type: t.Type[str] = type(f_self)
+        is_format_map = value.__name__ == "format_map"
+        formatter: SandboxedFormatter
+
+        if isinstance(f_self, Markup):
+            formatter = SandboxedEscapeFormatter(self, escape=f_self.escape)
+        else:
+            formatter = SandboxedFormatter(self)
+
+        vformat = formatter.vformat
+
+        def wrapper(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+            if is_format_map:
+                if kwargs:
+                    raise TypeError("format_map() takes no keyword arguments")
+
+                if len(args) != 1:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"format_map() takes exactly one argument ({len(args)} given)"
+                    )
+
+                kwargs = args[0]
+                args = ()
+
+            return str_type(vformat(f_self, args, kwargs))
+
+        return update_wrapper(wrapper, value)
+
+    def call(
+        __self,  # noqa: B902
+        __context: Context,
+        __obj: t.Any,
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Call an object from sandboxed code."""
+
+        # the double prefixes are to avoid double keyword argument
+        # errors when proxying the call.
+        if not __self.is_safe_callable(__obj):
+            raise SecurityError(f"{__obj!r} is not safely callable")
+        return __context.call(__obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class ImmutableSandboxedEnvironment(SandboxedEnvironment):
+    """Works exactly like the regular `SandboxedEnvironment` but does not
+    permit modifications on the builtin mutable objects `list`, `set`, and
+    `dict` by using the :func:`modifies_known_mutable` function.
+    """
+
+    def is_safe_attribute(self, obj: t.Any, attr: str, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        if not super().is_safe_attribute(obj, attr, value):
+            return False
+
+        return not modifies_known_mutable(obj, attr)
+
+
+class SandboxedFormatter(Formatter):
+    def __init__(self, env: Environment, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self._env = env
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def get_field(
+        self, field_name: str, args: t.Sequence[t.Any], kwargs: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, str]:
+        first, rest = formatter_field_name_split(field_name)
+        obj = self.get_value(first, args, kwargs)
+        for is_attr, i in rest:
+            if is_attr:
+                obj = self._env.getattr(obj, i)
+            else:
+                obj = self._env.getitem(obj, i)
+        return obj, first
+
+
+class SandboxedEscapeFormatter(SandboxedFormatter, EscapeFormatter):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/tests.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a59e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+"""Built-in template tests used with the ``is`` operator."""
+
+import operator
+import typing as t
+from collections import abc
+from numbers import Number
+
+from .runtime import Undefined
+from .utils import pass_environment
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .environment import Environment
+
+
+def test_odd(value: int) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is odd."""
+    return value % 2 == 1
+
+
+def test_even(value: int) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is even."""
+    return value % 2 == 0
+
+
+def test_divisibleby(value: int, num: int) -> bool:
+    """Check if a variable is divisible by a number."""
+    return value % num == 0
+
+
+def test_defined(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is defined:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% if variable is defined %}
+            value of variable: {{ variable }}
+        {% else %}
+            variable is not defined
+        {% endif %}
+
+    See the :func:`default` filter for a simple way to set undefined
+    variables.
+    """
+    return not isinstance(value, Undefined)
+
+
+def test_undefined(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Like :func:`defined` but the other way round."""
+    return isinstance(value, Undefined)
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def test_filter(env: "Environment", value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a filter exists by name. Useful if a filter may be
+    optionally available.
+
+    .. code-block:: jinja
+
+        {% if 'markdown' is filter %}
+            {{ value | markdown }}
+        {% else %}
+            {{ value }}
+        {% endif %}
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    return value in env.filters
+
+
+@pass_environment
+def test_test(env: "Environment", value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a test exists by name. Useful if a test may be
+    optionally available.
+
+    .. code-block:: jinja
+
+        {% if 'loud' is test %}
+            {% if value is loud %}
+                {{ value|upper }}
+            {% else %}
+                {{ value|lower }}
+            {% endif %}
+        {% else %}
+            {{ value }}
+        {% endif %}
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    return value in env.tests
+
+
+def test_none(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is none."""
+    return value is None
+
+
+def test_boolean(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is a boolean value.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+    return value is True or value is False
+
+
+def test_false(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is False.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+    return value is False
+
+
+def test_true(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is True.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+    return value is True
+
+
+# NOTE: The existing 'number' test matches booleans and floats
+def test_integer(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is an integer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+    return isinstance(value, int) and value is not True and value is not False
+
+
+# NOTE: The existing 'number' test matches booleans and integers
+def test_float(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is a float.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+    """
+    return isinstance(value, float)
+
+
+def test_lower(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is lowercased."""
+    return str(value).islower()
+
+
+def test_upper(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is uppercased."""
+    return str(value).isupper()
+
+
+def test_string(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is a string."""
+    return isinstance(value, str)
+
+
+def test_mapping(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the object is a mapping (dict etc.).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.6
+    """
+    return isinstance(value, abc.Mapping)
+
+
+def test_number(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is a number."""
+    return isinstance(value, Number)
+
+
+def test_sequence(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Return true if the variable is a sequence. Sequences are variables
+    that are iterable.
+    """
+    try:
+        len(value)
+        value.__getitem__  # noqa B018
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def test_sameas(value: t.Any, other: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object points to the same memory address than another
+    object:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: jinja
+
+        {% if foo.attribute is sameas false %}
+            the foo attribute really is the `False` singleton
+        {% endif %}
+    """
+    return value is other
+
+
+def test_iterable(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if it's possible to iterate over an object."""
+    try:
+        iter(value)
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def test_escaped(value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value is escaped."""
+    return hasattr(value, "__html__")
+
+
+def test_in(value: t.Any, seq: t.Container[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check if value is in seq.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.10
+    """
+    return value in seq
+
+
+TESTS = {
+    "odd": test_odd,
+    "even": test_even,
+    "divisibleby": test_divisibleby,
+    "defined": test_defined,
+    "undefined": test_undefined,
+    "filter": test_filter,
+    "test": test_test,
+    "none": test_none,
+    "boolean": test_boolean,
+    "false": test_false,
+    "true": test_true,
+    "integer": test_integer,
+    "float": test_float,
+    "lower": test_lower,
+    "upper": test_upper,
+    "string": test_string,
+    "mapping": test_mapping,
+    "number": test_number,
+    "sequence": test_sequence,
+    "iterable": test_iterable,
+    "callable": callable,
+    "sameas": test_sameas,
+    "escaped": test_escaped,
+    "in": test_in,
+    "==": operator.eq,
+    "eq": operator.eq,
+    "equalto": operator.eq,
+    "!=": operator.ne,
+    "ne": operator.ne,
+    ">": operator.gt,
+    "gt": operator.gt,
+    "greaterthan": operator.gt,
+    "ge": operator.ge,
+    ">=": operator.ge,
+    "<": operator.lt,
+    "lt": operator.lt,
+    "lessthan": operator.lt,
+    "<=": operator.le,
+    "le": operator.le,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c92262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+import enum
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import typing as t
+from collections import abc
+from collections import deque
+from random import choice
+from random import randrange
+from threading import Lock
+from types import CodeType
+from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
+
+import markupsafe
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+class _MissingType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "missing"
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> str:
+        return "missing"
+
+
+missing: t.Any = _MissingType()
+"""Special singleton representing missing values for the runtime."""
+
+internal_code: t.MutableSet[CodeType] = set()
+
+concat = "".join
+
+
+def pass_context(f: F) -> F:
+    """Pass the :class:`~jinja2.runtime.Context` as the first argument
+    to the decorated function when called while rendering a template.
+
+    Can be used on functions, filters, and tests.
+
+    If only ``Context.eval_context`` is needed, use
+    :func:`pass_eval_context`. If only ``Context.environment`` is
+    needed, use :func:`pass_environment`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
+        Replaces ``contextfunction`` and ``contextfilter``.
+    """
+    f.jinja_pass_arg = _PassArg.context  # type: ignore
+    return f
+
+
+def pass_eval_context(f: F) -> F:
+    """Pass the :class:`~jinja2.nodes.EvalContext` as the first argument
+    to the decorated function when called while rendering a template.
+    See :ref:`eval-context`.
+
+    Can be used on functions, filters, and tests.
+
+    If only ``EvalContext.environment`` is needed, use
+    :func:`pass_environment`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
+        Replaces ``evalcontextfunction`` and ``evalcontextfilter``.
+    """
+    f.jinja_pass_arg = _PassArg.eval_context  # type: ignore
+    return f
+
+
+def pass_environment(f: F) -> F:
+    """Pass the :class:`~jinja2.Environment` as the first argument to
+    the decorated function when called while rendering a template.
+
+    Can be used on functions, filters, and tests.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
+        Replaces ``environmentfunction`` and ``environmentfilter``.
+    """
+    f.jinja_pass_arg = _PassArg.environment  # type: ignore
+    return f
+
+
+class _PassArg(enum.Enum):
+    context = enum.auto()
+    eval_context = enum.auto()
+    environment = enum.auto()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_obj(cls, obj: F) -> t.Optional["_PassArg"]:
+        if hasattr(obj, "jinja_pass_arg"):
+            return obj.jinja_pass_arg  # type: ignore
+
+        return None
+
+
+def internalcode(f: F) -> F:
+    """Marks the function as internally used"""
+    internal_code.add(f.__code__)
+    return f
+
+
+def is_undefined(obj: t.Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if the object passed is undefined.  This does nothing more than
+    performing an instance check against :class:`Undefined` but looks nicer.
+    This can be used for custom filters or tests that want to react to
+    undefined variables.  For example a custom default filter can look like
+    this::
+
+        def default(var, default=''):
+            if is_undefined(var):
+                return default
+            return var
+    """
+    from .runtime import Undefined
+
+    return isinstance(obj, Undefined)
+
+
+def consume(iterable: t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> None:
+    """Consumes an iterable without doing anything with it."""
+    for _ in iterable:
+        pass
+
+
+def clear_caches() -> None:
+    """Jinja keeps internal caches for environments and lexers.  These are
+    used so that Jinja doesn't have to recreate environments and lexers all
+    the time.  Normally you don't have to care about that but if you are
+    measuring memory consumption you may want to clean the caches.
+    """
+    from .environment import get_spontaneous_environment
+    from .lexer import _lexer_cache
+
+    get_spontaneous_environment.cache_clear()
+    _lexer_cache.clear()
+
+
+def import_string(import_name: str, silent: bool = False) -> t.Any:
+    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
+    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
+    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
+    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).
+
+    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
+    fails.
+
+    :return: imported object
+    """
+    try:
+        if ":" in import_name:
+            module, obj = import_name.split(":", 1)
+        elif "." in import_name:
+            module, _, obj = import_name.rpartition(".")
+        else:
+            return __import__(import_name)
+        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        if not silent:
+            raise
+
+
+def open_if_exists(filename: str, mode: str = "rb") -> t.Optional[t.IO[t.Any]]:
+    """Returns a file descriptor for the filename if that file exists,
+    otherwise ``None``.
+    """
+    if not os.path.isfile(filename):
+        return None
+
+    return open(filename, mode)
+
+
+def object_type_repr(obj: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Returns the name of the object's type.  For some recognized
+    singletons the name of the object is returned instead. (For
+    example for `None` and `Ellipsis`).
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return "None"
+    elif obj is Ellipsis:
+        return "Ellipsis"
+
+    cls = type(obj)
+
+    if cls.__module__ == "builtins":
+        return f"{cls.__name__} object"
+
+    return f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__} object"
+
+
+def pformat(obj: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Format an object using :func:`pprint.pformat`."""
+    from pprint import pformat
+
+    return pformat(obj)
+
+
+_http_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    ^
+    (
+        (https?://|www\.)  # scheme or www
+        (([\w%-]+\.)+)?  # subdomain
+        (
+            [a-z]{2,63}  # basic tld
+        |
+            xn--[\w%]{2,59}  # idna tld
+        )
+    |
+        ([\w%-]{2,63}\.)+  # basic domain
+        (com|net|int|edu|gov|org|info|mil)  # basic tld
+    |
+        (https?://)  # scheme
+        (
+            (([\d]{1,3})(\.[\d]{1,3}){3})  # IPv4
+        |
+            (\[([\da-f]{0,4}:){2}([\da-f]{0,4}:?){1,6}])  # IPv6
+        )
+    )
+    (?::[\d]{1,5})?  # port
+    (?:[/?#]\S*)?  # path, query, and fragment
+    $
+    """,
+    re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE,
+)
+_email_re = re.compile(r"^\S+@\w[\w.-]*\.\w+$")
+
+
+def urlize(
+    text: str,
+    trim_url_limit: t.Optional[int] = None,
+    rel: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    target: t.Optional[str] = None,
+    extra_schemes: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Convert URLs in text into clickable links.
+
+    This may not recognize links in some situations. Usually, a more
+    comprehensive formatter, such as a Markdown library, is a better
+    choice.
+
+    Works on ``http://``, ``https://``, ``www.``, ``mailto:``, and email
+    addresses. Links with trailing punctuation (periods, commas, closing
+    parentheses) and leading punctuation (opening parentheses) are
+    recognized excluding the punctuation. Email addresses that include
+    header fields are not recognized (for example,
+    ``mailto:address@example.com?cc=copy@example.com``).
+
+    :param text: Original text containing URLs to link.
+    :param trim_url_limit: Shorten displayed URL values to this length.
+    :param target: Add the ``target`` attribute to links.
+    :param rel: Add the ``rel`` attribute to links.
+    :param extra_schemes: Recognize URLs that start with these schemes
+        in addition to the default behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``extra_schemes`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Generate ``https://`` links for URLs without a scheme.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The parsing rules were updated. Recognize email addresses with
+        or without the ``mailto:`` scheme. Validate IP addresses. Ignore
+        parentheses and brackets in more cases.
+    """
+    if trim_url_limit is not None:
+
+        def trim_url(x: str) -> str:
+            if len(x) > trim_url_limit:
+                return f"{x[:trim_url_limit]}..."
+
+            return x
+
+    else:
+
+        def trim_url(x: str) -> str:
+            return x
+
+    words = re.split(r"(\s+)", str(markupsafe.escape(text)))
+    rel_attr = f' rel="{markupsafe.escape(rel)}"' if rel else ""
+    target_attr = f' target="{markupsafe.escape(target)}"' if target else ""
+
+    for i, word in enumerate(words):
+        head, middle, tail = "", word, ""
+        match = re.match(r"^([(<]|&lt;)+", middle)
+
+        if match:
+            head = match.group()
+            middle = middle[match.end() :]
+
+        # Unlike lead, which is anchored to the start of the string,
+        # need to check that the string ends with any of the characters
+        # before trying to match all of them, to avoid backtracking.
+        if middle.endswith((")", ">", ".", ",", "\n", "&gt;")):
+            match = re.search(r"([)>.,\n]|&gt;)+$", middle)
+
+            if match:
+                tail = match.group()
+                middle = middle[: match.start()]
+
+        # Prefer balancing parentheses in URLs instead of ignoring a
+        # trailing character.
+        for start_char, end_char in ("(", ")"), ("<", ">"), ("&lt;", "&gt;"):
+            start_count = middle.count(start_char)
+
+            if start_count <= middle.count(end_char):
+                # Balanced, or lighter on the left
+                continue
+
+            # Move as many as possible from the tail to balance
+            for _ in range(min(start_count, tail.count(end_char))):
+                end_index = tail.index(end_char) + len(end_char)
+                # Move anything in the tail before the end char too
+                middle += tail[:end_index]
+                tail = tail[end_index:]
+
+        if _http_re.match(middle):
+            if middle.startswith("https://") or middle.startswith("http://"):
+                middle = (
+                    f'<a href="{middle}"{rel_attr}{target_attr}>{trim_url(middle)}</a>'
+                )
+            else:
+                middle = (
+                    f'<a href="https://{middle}"{rel_attr}{target_attr}>'
+                    f"{trim_url(middle)}</a>"
+                )
+
+        elif middle.startswith("mailto:") and _email_re.match(middle[7:]):
+            middle = f'<a href="{middle}">{middle[7:]}</a>'
+
+        elif (
+            "@" in middle
+            and not middle.startswith("www.")
+            # ignore values like `@a@b`
+            and not middle.startswith("@")
+            and ":" not in middle
+            and _email_re.match(middle)
+        ):
+            middle = f'<a href="mailto:{middle}">{middle}</a>'
+
+        elif extra_schemes is not None:
+            for scheme in extra_schemes:
+                if middle != scheme and middle.startswith(scheme):
+                    middle = f'<a href="{middle}"{rel_attr}{target_attr}>{middle}</a>'
+
+        words[i] = f"{head}{middle}{tail}"
+
+    return "".join(words)
+
+
+def generate_lorem_ipsum(
+    n: int = 5, html: bool = True, min: int = 20, max: int = 100
+) -> str:
+    """Generate some lorem ipsum for the template."""
+    from .constants import LOREM_IPSUM_WORDS
+
+    words = LOREM_IPSUM_WORDS.split()
+    result = []
+
+    for _ in range(n):
+        next_capitalized = True
+        last_comma = last_fullstop = 0
+        word = None
+        last = None
+        p = []
+
+        # each paragraph contains out of 20 to 100 words.
+        for idx, _ in enumerate(range(randrange(min, max))):
+            while True:
+                word = choice(words)
+                if word != last:
+                    last = word
+                    break
+            if next_capitalized:
+                word = word.capitalize()
+                next_capitalized = False
+            # add commas
+            if idx - randrange(3, 8) > last_comma:
+                last_comma = idx
+                last_fullstop += 2
+                word += ","
+            # add end of sentences
+            if idx - randrange(10, 20) > last_fullstop:
+                last_comma = last_fullstop = idx
+                word += "."
+                next_capitalized = True
+            p.append(word)
+
+        # ensure that the paragraph ends with a dot.
+        p_str = " ".join(p)
+
+        if p_str.endswith(","):
+            p_str = p_str[:-1] + "."
+        elif not p_str.endswith("."):
+            p_str += "."
+
+        result.append(p_str)
+
+    if not html:
+        return "\n\n".join(result)
+    return markupsafe.Markup(
+        "\n".join(f"<p>{markupsafe.escape(x)}</p>" for x in result)
+    )
+
+
+def url_quote(obj: t.Any, charset: str = "utf-8", for_qs: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Quote a string for use in a URL using the given charset.
+
+    :param obj: String or bytes to quote. Other types are converted to
+        string then encoded to bytes using the given charset.
+    :param charset: Encode text to bytes using this charset.
+    :param for_qs: Quote "/" and use "+" for spaces.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(obj, bytes):
+        if not isinstance(obj, str):
+            obj = str(obj)
+
+        obj = obj.encode(charset)
+
+    safe = b"" if for_qs else b"/"
+    rv = quote_from_bytes(obj, safe)
+
+    if for_qs:
+        rv = rv.replace("%20", "+")
+
+    return rv
+
+
+@abc.MutableMapping.register
+class LRUCache:
+    """A simple LRU Cache implementation."""
+
+    # this is fast for small capacities (something below 1000) but doesn't
+    # scale.  But as long as it's only used as storage for templates this
+    # won't do any harm.
+
+    def __init__(self, capacity: int) -> None:
+        self.capacity = capacity
+        self._mapping: t.Dict[t.Any, t.Any] = {}
+        self._queue: te.Deque[t.Any] = deque()
+        self._postinit()
+
+    def _postinit(self) -> None:
+        # alias all queue methods for faster lookup
+        self._popleft = self._queue.popleft
+        self._pop = self._queue.pop
+        self._remove = self._queue.remove
+        self._wlock = Lock()
+        self._append = self._queue.append
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> t.Mapping[str, t.Any]:
+        return {
+            "capacity": self.capacity,
+            "_mapping": self._mapping,
+            "_queue": self._queue,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, d: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.__dict__.update(d)
+        self._postinit()
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        return (self.capacity,)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "te.Self":
+        """Return a shallow copy of the instance."""
+        rv = self.__class__(self.capacity)
+        rv._mapping.update(self._mapping)
+        rv._queue.extend(self._queue)
+        return rv
+
+    def get(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Return an item from the cache dict or `default`"""
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+        """Set `default` if the key is not in the cache otherwise
+        leave unchanged. Return the value of this key.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            self[key] = default
+            return default
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the cache."""
+        with self._wlock:
+            self._mapping.clear()
+            self._queue.clear()
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if a key exists in this cache."""
+        return key in self._mapping
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current size of the cache."""
+        return len(self._mapping)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._mapping!r}>"
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Get an item from the cache. Moves the item up so that it has the
+        highest priority then.
+
+        Raise a `KeyError` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        with self._wlock:
+            rv = self._mapping[key]
+
+            if self._queue[-1] != key:
+                try:
+                    self._remove(key)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # if something removed the key from the container
+                    # when we read, ignore the ValueError that we would
+                    # get otherwise.
+                    pass
+
+                self._append(key)
+
+            return rv
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Sets the value for an item. Moves the item up so that it
+        has the highest priority then.
+        """
+        with self._wlock:
+            if key in self._mapping:
+                self._remove(key)
+            elif len(self._mapping) == self.capacity:
+                del self._mapping[self._popleft()]
+
+            self._append(key)
+            self._mapping[key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Remove an item from the cache dict.
+        Raise a `KeyError` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        with self._wlock:
+            del self._mapping[key]
+
+            try:
+                self._remove(key)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+    def items(self) -> t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, t.Any]]:
+        """Return a list of items."""
+        result = [(key, self._mapping[key]) for key in list(self._queue)]
+        result.reverse()
+        return result
+
+    def values(self) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]:
+        """Return a list of all values."""
+        return [x[1] for x in self.items()]
+
+    def keys(self) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]:
+        """Return a list of all keys ordered by most recent usage."""
+        return list(self)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+        return reversed(tuple(self._queue))
+
+    def __reversed__(self) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
+        """Iterate over the keys in the cache dict, oldest items
+        coming first.
+        """
+        return iter(tuple(self._queue))
+
+    __copy__ = copy
+
+
+def select_autoescape(
+    enabled_extensions: t.Collection[str] = ("html", "htm", "xml"),
+    disabled_extensions: t.Collection[str] = (),
+    default_for_string: bool = True,
+    default: bool = False,
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], bool]:
+    """Intelligently sets the initial value of autoescaping based on the
+    filename of the template.  This is the recommended way to configure
+    autoescaping if you do not want to write a custom function yourself.
+
+    If you want to enable it for all templates created from strings or
+    for all templates with `.html` and `.xml` extensions::
+
+        from jinja2 import Environment, select_autoescape
+        env = Environment(autoescape=select_autoescape(
+            enabled_extensions=('html', 'xml'),
+            default_for_string=True,
+        ))
+
+    Example configuration to turn it on at all times except if the template
+    ends with `.txt`::
+
+        from jinja2 import Environment, select_autoescape
+        env = Environment(autoescape=select_autoescape(
+            disabled_extensions=('txt',),
+            default_for_string=True,
+            default=True,
+        ))
+
+    The `enabled_extensions` is an iterable of all the extensions that
+    autoescaping should be enabled for.  Likewise `disabled_extensions` is
+    a list of all templates it should be disabled for.  If a template is
+    loaded from a string then the default from `default_for_string` is used.
+    If nothing matches then the initial value of autoescaping is set to the
+    value of `default`.
+
+    For security reasons this function operates case insensitive.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+    enabled_patterns = tuple(f".{x.lstrip('.').lower()}" for x in enabled_extensions)
+    disabled_patterns = tuple(f".{x.lstrip('.').lower()}" for x in disabled_extensions)
+
+    def autoescape(template_name: t.Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        if template_name is None:
+            return default_for_string
+        template_name = template_name.lower()
+        if template_name.endswith(enabled_patterns):
+            return True
+        if template_name.endswith(disabled_patterns):
+            return False
+        return default
+
+    return autoescape
+
+
+def htmlsafe_json_dumps(
+    obj: t.Any, dumps: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., str]] = None, **kwargs: t.Any
+) -> markupsafe.Markup:
+    """Serialize an object to a string of JSON with :func:`json.dumps`,
+    then replace HTML-unsafe characters with Unicode escapes and mark
+    the result safe with :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`.
+
+    This is available in templates as the ``|tojson`` filter.
+
+    The following characters are escaped: ``<``, ``>``, ``&``, ``'``.
+
+    The returned string is safe to render in HTML documents and
+    ``<script>`` tags. The exception is in HTML attributes that are
+    double quoted; either use single quotes or the ``|forceescape``
+    filter.
+
+    :param obj: The object to serialize to JSON.
+    :param dumps: The ``dumps`` function to use. Defaults to
+        ``env.policies["json.dumps_function"]``, which defaults to
+        :func:`json.dumps`.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments to pass to ``dumps``. Merged onto
+        ``env.policies["json.dumps_kwargs"]``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``dumper`` parameter is renamed to ``dumps``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+    if dumps is None:
+        dumps = json.dumps
+
+    return markupsafe.Markup(
+        dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+        .replace("<", "\\u003c")
+        .replace(">", "\\u003e")
+        .replace("&", "\\u0026")
+        .replace("'", "\\u0027")
+    )
+
+
+class Cycler:
+    """Cycle through values by yield them one at a time, then restarting
+    once the end is reached. Available as ``cycler`` in templates.
+
+    Similar to ``loop.cycle``, but can be used outside loops or across
+    multiple loops. For example, render a list of folders and files in a
+    list, alternating giving them "odd" and "even" classes.
+
+    .. code-block:: html+jinja
+
+        {% set row_class = cycler("odd", "even") %}
+        <ul class="browser">
+        {% for folder in folders %}
+          <li class="folder {{ row_class.next() }}">{{ folder }}
+        {% endfor %}
+        {% for file in files %}
+          <li class="file {{ row_class.next() }}">{{ file }}
+        {% endfor %}
+        </ul>
+
+    :param items: Each positional argument will be yielded in the order
+        given for each cycle.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *items: t.Any) -> None:
+        if not items:
+            raise RuntimeError("at least one item has to be provided")
+        self.items = items
+        self.pos = 0
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Resets the current item to the first item."""
+        self.pos = 0
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> t.Any:
+        """Return the current item. Equivalent to the item that will be
+        returned next time :meth:`next` is called.
+        """
+        return self.items[self.pos]
+
+    def next(self) -> t.Any:
+        """Return the current item, then advance :attr:`current` to the
+        next item.
+        """
+        rv = self.current
+        self.pos = (self.pos + 1) % len(self.items)
+        return rv
+
+    __next__ = next
+
+
+class Joiner:
+    """A joining helper for templates."""
+
+    def __init__(self, sep: str = ", ") -> None:
+        self.sep = sep
+        self.used = False
+
+    def __call__(self) -> str:
+        if not self.used:
+            self.used = True
+            return ""
+        return self.sep
+
+
+class Namespace:
+    """A namespace object that can hold arbitrary attributes.  It may be
+    initialized from a dictionary or with keyword arguments."""
+
+    def __init__(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:  # noqa: B902
+        self, args = args[0], args[1:]
+        self.__attrs = dict(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        # __class__ is needed for the awaitable check in async mode
+        if name in {"_Namespace__attrs", "__class__"}:
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+        try:
+            return self.__attrs[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(name) from None
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.__attrs[name] = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Namespace {self.__attrs!r}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/visitor.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/visitor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b8e180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2/visitor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""API for traversing the AST nodes. Implemented by the compiler and
+meta introspection.
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from .nodes import Node
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    class VisitCallable(te.Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, node: Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any: ...
+
+
+class NodeVisitor:
+    """Walks the abstract syntax tree and call visitor functions for every
+    node found.  The visitor functions may return values which will be
+    forwarded by the `visit` method.
+
+    Per default the visitor functions for the nodes are ``'visit_'`` +
+    class name of the node.  So a `TryFinally` node visit function would
+    be `visit_TryFinally`.  This behavior can be changed by overriding
+    the `get_visitor` function.  If no visitor function exists for a node
+    (return value `None`) the `generic_visit` visitor is used instead.
+    """
+
+    def get_visitor(self, node: Node) -> "t.Optional[VisitCallable]":
+        """Return the visitor function for this node or `None` if no visitor
+        exists for this node.  In that case the generic visit function is
+        used instead.
+        """
+        return getattr(self, f"visit_{type(node).__name__}", None)
+
+    def visit(self, node: Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Visit a node."""
+        f = self.get_visitor(node)
+
+        if f is not None:
+            return f(node, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return self.generic_visit(node, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node: Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Called if no explicit visitor function exists for a node."""
+        for child_node in node.iter_child_nodes():
+            self.visit(child_node, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class NodeTransformer(NodeVisitor):
+    """Walks the abstract syntax tree and allows modifications of nodes.
+
+    The `NodeTransformer` will walk the AST and use the return value of the
+    visitor functions to replace or remove the old node.  If the return
+    value of the visitor function is `None` the node will be removed
+    from the previous location otherwise it's replaced with the return
+    value.  The return value may be the original node in which case no
+    replacement takes place.
+    """
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node: Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Node:
+        for field, old_value in node.iter_fields():
+            if isinstance(old_value, list):
+                new_values = []
+                for value in old_value:
+                    if isinstance(value, Node):
+                        value = self.visit(value, *args, **kwargs)
+                        if value is None:
+                            continue
+                        elif not isinstance(value, Node):
+                            new_values.extend(value)
+                            continue
+                    new_values.append(value)
+                old_value[:] = new_values
+            elif isinstance(old_value, Node):
+                new_node = self.visit(old_value, *args, **kwargs)
+                if new_node is None:
+                    delattr(node, field)
+                else:
+                    setattr(node, field, new_node)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_list(self, node: Node, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.List[Node]:
+        """As transformers may return lists in some places this method
+        can be used to enforce a list as return value.
+        """
+        rv = self.visit(node, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        if not isinstance(rv, list):
+            return [rv]
+
+        return rv
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cf69c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
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+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
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+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d222a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: jwt
+Version: 1.3.1
+Summary: JSON Web Token library for Python 3.
+Home-page: https://github.com/GehirnInc/python-jwt
+Author: Kohei YOSHIDA
+Author-email: kohei.yoshida@gehirn.co.jp
+License: UNKNOWN
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: Security
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >= 3.6
+Requires-Dist: cryptography (!=3.4.0,>=3.1)
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/GehirnInc/python-jwt.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/GehirnInc/python-jwt
+.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/GehirnInc/python-jwt/badge.png?branch=master
+    :target:  https://coveralls.io/r/GehirnInc/python-jwt?branch=master
+.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/jwt.svg?dummy
+    :target: http://badge.fury.io/py/jwt
+
+python-jwt
+==========
+
+*python-jwt* is a JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation in Python developed by `Gehirn Inc`_.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import json
+   from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+   from jwt import (
+       JWT,
+       jwk_from_dict,
+       jwk_from_pem,
+   )
+   from jwt.utils import get_int_from_datetime
+
+
+   instance = JWT()
+
+   message = {
+       'iss': 'https://example.com/',
+       'sub': 'yosida95',
+       'iat': get_int_from_datetime(datetime.now(timezone.utc)),
+       'exp': get_int_from_datetime(
+           datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=1)),
+   }
+
+   """
+   Encode the message to JWT(JWS).
+   """
+
+   # Load a RSA key from a JWK dict.
+   signing_key = jwk_from_dict({
+       'kty': 'RSA',
+       'e': 'AQAB',
+       'n': '...',
+       'd': '...'})
+   # Or load a RSA key from a PEM file.
+   with open('rsa_private_key.pem', 'rb') as fh:
+       signing_key = jwk_from_pem(fh.read())
+   # You can also load an octet key in the same manner as the RSA.
+   # signing_key = jwk_from_dict({'kty': 'oct', 'k': '...'})
+
+   compact_jws = instance.encode(message, signing_key, alg='RS256')
+
+   """
+   Decode the JWT with verifying the signature.
+   """
+
+   # Load a public key from PEM file corresponding to the signing private key.
+   with open('rsa_public_key.json', 'r') as fh:
+       verifying_key = jwk_from_dict(json.load(fh))
+
+   message_received = instance.decode(
+       compact_jws, verifying_key, do_time_check=True)
+
+   """
+   Successfuly retrieved the `message` from the `compact_jws`
+   """
+   assert message == message_received
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+You can install python-jwt with pip.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ pip install jwt
+
+
+Implementation Details
+-------------------------
+
+Supported Algorithms
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Unsecured
+
+  - none (disabled by default for security)
+
+- Symmetric
+
+  - HS256
+  - HS384
+  - HS512
+
+- Asymmetric
+
+  - PS256
+  - PS384
+  - PS512
+  - RS256
+  - RS384
+  - RS512
+
+Supported Python Versions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Python 3.6+
+
+
+License
+-------
+python-jwt is licensed under the Apache License version 2.  See ./LICENSE.rst.
+
+
+.. _Gehirn Inc: http://www.gehirn.co.jp/
+
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14c8c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=k8azE68RcLJ3OnQA3SRI1ebXxCDW2EAO_HhROs6xuzE,11341
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Symw7Jt6qIHlxr29twpnSLA-lh9nZHgdcwIxEanHe-M,3439
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=ewwEueio1C2XeHTvT17n8dZUJgOvyCWCt0WVNLClP9o,92
+jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=RP5DHNyJbMq2ka0FmfTgoSaQzh7e3r5XuCWCO8a00k8,4
+jwt/__init__.py,sha256=_fcS7PLAyhWBShVlSGKYcmUNBTcRFDEymTG6ROXahac,1233
+jwt/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/jwa.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/jwk.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/jwkset.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/jws.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/jwt.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+jwt/exceptions.py,sha256=IbWr8886syf-DdCHKmS6leAN1zHh6Jx9iBhFE4G47VU,1056
+jwt/jwa.py,sha256=0oN1ymjHOqNl6gMpBlPd07-Am2ZCejSf3Btgn4CINdA,6003
+jwt/jwk.py,sha256=P-HBDICpGDyROp8jZGIr5jzFxBkB9NnLaWg1s1SxH30,13549
+jwt/jwkset.py,sha256=fKnzEkf0j6D0qt0z5qTbfl7JV0a9tHqBWc6LmO7CL38,1895
+jwt/jws.py,sha256=_ZcFxpXXPKWtkTI2YTMPoWo8IfKO_WpFmxOYObxyeY8,3445
+jwt/jwt.py,sha256=MuIyOXudmNruv-lXVfYKUOVD2yKVSI3Q9VJ4HxApT6M,4693
+jwt/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+jwt/utils.py,sha256=4bwUBehyYzHJwTokeTXmSs_GRh59zmZf1-cPS9sbHgI,2050
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bad85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.37.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27ccc9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt-1.3.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+jwt
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ce590c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from .jwa import std_hash_by_alg
+from .jwk import (
+    AbstractJWKBase,
+    jwk_from_dict,
+    jwk_from_bytes,
+    jwk_from_pem,
+    jwk_from_der,
+    supported_key_types,
+)
+from .jwkset import JWKSet
+from .jwa import (
+    AbstractSigningAlgorithm,
+    supported_signing_algorithms,
+)
+from .jwt import JWT
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # .jwa
+    'std_hash_by_alg',
+    # .jwk
+    'AbstractJWKBase',
+    'jwk_from_bytes',
+    'jwk_from_dict',
+    'jwk_from_pem',
+    'jwk_from_der',
+    'supported_key_types',
+    # .jwkset
+    'JWKSet',
+    # .jws
+    'AbstractSigningAlgorithm',
+    'supported_signing_algorithms',
+    # .jwt
+    'JWT',
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/algorithms.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/algorithms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb1500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/algorithms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,875 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import json
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Literal, NoReturn, cast, overload
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidKeyError
+from .types import HashlibHash, JWKDict
+from .utils import (
+    base64url_decode,
+    base64url_encode,
+    der_to_raw_signature,
+    force_bytes,
+    from_base64url_uint,
+    is_pem_format,
+    is_ssh_key,
+    raw_to_der_signature,
+    to_base64url_uint,
+)
+
+try:
+    from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature, UnsupportedAlgorithm
+    from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec import (
+        ECDSA,
+        SECP256K1,
+        SECP256R1,
+        SECP384R1,
+        SECP521R1,
+        EllipticCurve,
+        EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+        EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers,
+        EllipticCurvePublicKey,
+        EllipticCurvePublicNumbers,
+    )
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed448 import (
+        Ed448PrivateKey,
+        Ed448PublicKey,
+    )
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 import (
+        Ed25519PrivateKey,
+        Ed25519PublicKey,
+    )
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import (
+        RSAPrivateKey,
+        RSAPrivateNumbers,
+        RSAPublicKey,
+        RSAPublicNumbers,
+        rsa_crt_dmp1,
+        rsa_crt_dmq1,
+        rsa_crt_iqmp,
+        rsa_recover_prime_factors,
+    )
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
+        Encoding,
+        NoEncryption,
+        PrivateFormat,
+        PublicFormat,
+        load_pem_private_key,
+        load_pem_public_key,
+        load_ssh_public_key,
+    )
+
+    has_crypto = True
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    has_crypto = False
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Type aliases for convenience in algorithms method signatures
+    AllowedRSAKeys = RSAPrivateKey | RSAPublicKey
+    AllowedECKeys = EllipticCurvePrivateKey | EllipticCurvePublicKey
+    AllowedOKPKeys = (
+        Ed25519PrivateKey | Ed25519PublicKey | Ed448PrivateKey | Ed448PublicKey
+    )
+    AllowedKeys = AllowedRSAKeys | AllowedECKeys | AllowedOKPKeys
+    AllowedPrivateKeys = (
+        RSAPrivateKey | EllipticCurvePrivateKey | Ed25519PrivateKey | Ed448PrivateKey
+    )
+    AllowedPublicKeys = (
+        RSAPublicKey | EllipticCurvePublicKey | Ed25519PublicKey | Ed448PublicKey
+    )
+
+
+requires_cryptography = {
+    "RS256",
+    "RS384",
+    "RS512",
+    "ES256",
+    "ES256K",
+    "ES384",
+    "ES521",
+    "ES512",
+    "PS256",
+    "PS384",
+    "PS512",
+    "EdDSA",
+}
+
+
+def get_default_algorithms() -> dict[str, Algorithm]:
+    """
+    Returns the algorithms that are implemented by the library.
+    """
+    default_algorithms = {
+        "none": NoneAlgorithm(),
+        "HS256": HMACAlgorithm(HMACAlgorithm.SHA256),
+        "HS384": HMACAlgorithm(HMACAlgorithm.SHA384),
+        "HS512": HMACAlgorithm(HMACAlgorithm.SHA512),
+    }
+
+    if has_crypto:
+        default_algorithms.update(
+            {
+                "RS256": RSAAlgorithm(RSAAlgorithm.SHA256),
+                "RS384": RSAAlgorithm(RSAAlgorithm.SHA384),
+                "RS512": RSAAlgorithm(RSAAlgorithm.SHA512),
+                "ES256": ECAlgorithm(ECAlgorithm.SHA256),
+                "ES256K": ECAlgorithm(ECAlgorithm.SHA256),
+                "ES384": ECAlgorithm(ECAlgorithm.SHA384),
+                "ES521": ECAlgorithm(ECAlgorithm.SHA512),
+                "ES512": ECAlgorithm(
+                    ECAlgorithm.SHA512
+                ),  # Backward compat for #219 fix
+                "PS256": RSAPSSAlgorithm(RSAPSSAlgorithm.SHA256),
+                "PS384": RSAPSSAlgorithm(RSAPSSAlgorithm.SHA384),
+                "PS512": RSAPSSAlgorithm(RSAPSSAlgorithm.SHA512),
+                "EdDSA": OKPAlgorithm(),
+            }
+        )
+
+    return default_algorithms
+
+
+class Algorithm(ABC):
+    """
+    The interface for an algorithm used to sign and verify tokens.
+    """
+
+    def compute_hash_digest(self, bytestr: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Compute a hash digest using the specified algorithm's hash algorithm.
+
+        If there is no hash algorithm, raises a NotImplementedError.
+        """
+        # lookup self.hash_alg if defined in a way that mypy can understand
+        hash_alg = getattr(self, "hash_alg", None)
+        if hash_alg is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        if (
+            has_crypto
+            and isinstance(hash_alg, type)
+            and issubclass(hash_alg, hashes.HashAlgorithm)
+        ):
+            digest = hashes.Hash(hash_alg(), backend=default_backend())
+            digest.update(bytestr)
+            return bytes(digest.finalize())
+        else:
+            return bytes(hash_alg(bytestr).digest())
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def prepare_key(self, key: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Performs necessary validation and conversions on the key and returns
+        the key value in the proper format for sign() and verify().
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: Any) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns a digital signature for the specified message
+        using the specified key value.
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: Any, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+        """
+        Verifies that the specified digital signature is valid
+        for the specified message and key values.
+        """
+
+    @overload
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_jwk(key_obj, as_dict: Literal[True]) -> JWKDict: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_jwk(key_obj, as_dict: Literal[False] = False) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_jwk(key_obj, as_dict: bool = False) -> JWKDict | str:
+        """
+        Serializes a given key into a JWK
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> Any:
+        """
+        Deserializes a given key from JWK back into a key object
+        """
+
+
+class NoneAlgorithm(Algorithm):
+    """
+    Placeholder for use when no signing or verification
+    operations are required.
+    """
+
+    def prepare_key(self, key: str | None) -> None:
+        if key == "":
+            key = None
+
+        if key is not None:
+            raise InvalidKeyError('When alg = "none", key value must be None.')
+
+        return key
+
+    def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: None) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+    def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: None, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_jwk(key_obj: Any, as_dict: bool = False) -> NoReturn:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> NoReturn:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class HMACAlgorithm(Algorithm):
+    """
+    Performs signing and verification operations using HMAC
+    and the specified hash function.
+    """
+
+    SHA256: ClassVar[HashlibHash] = hashlib.sha256
+    SHA384: ClassVar[HashlibHash] = hashlib.sha384
+    SHA512: ClassVar[HashlibHash] = hashlib.sha512
+
+    def __init__(self, hash_alg: HashlibHash) -> None:
+        self.hash_alg = hash_alg
+
+    def prepare_key(self, key: str | bytes) -> bytes:
+        key_bytes = force_bytes(key)
+
+        if is_pem_format(key_bytes) or is_ssh_key(key_bytes):
+            raise InvalidKeyError(
+                "The specified key is an asymmetric key or x509 certificate and"
+                " should not be used as an HMAC secret."
+            )
+
+        return key_bytes
+
+    @overload
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_jwk(
+        key_obj: str | bytes, as_dict: Literal[True]
+    ) -> JWKDict: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_jwk(
+        key_obj: str | bytes, as_dict: Literal[False] = False
+    ) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_jwk(key_obj: str | bytes, as_dict: bool = False) -> JWKDict | str:
+        jwk = {
+            "k": base64url_encode(force_bytes(key_obj)).decode(),
+            "kty": "oct",
+        }
+
+        if as_dict:
+            return jwk
+        else:
+            return json.dumps(jwk)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            if isinstance(jwk, str):
+                obj: JWKDict = json.loads(jwk)
+            elif isinstance(jwk, dict):
+                obj = jwk
+            else:
+                raise ValueError
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidKeyError("Key is not valid JSON") from None
+
+        if obj.get("kty") != "oct":
+            raise InvalidKeyError("Not an HMAC key")
+
+        return base64url_decode(obj["k"])
+
+    def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return hmac.new(key, msg, self.hash_alg).digest()
+
+    def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: bytes, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+        return hmac.compare_digest(sig, self.sign(msg, key))
+
+
+if has_crypto:
+
+    class RSAAlgorithm(Algorithm):
+        """
+        Performs signing and verification operations using
+        RSASSA-PKCS-v1_5 and the specified hash function.
+        """
+
+        SHA256: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA256
+        SHA384: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA384
+        SHA512: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA512
+
+        def __init__(self, hash_alg: type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]) -> None:
+            self.hash_alg = hash_alg
+
+        def prepare_key(self, key: AllowedRSAKeys | str | bytes) -> AllowedRSAKeys:
+            if isinstance(key, (RSAPrivateKey, RSAPublicKey)):
+                return key
+
+            if not isinstance(key, (bytes, str)):
+                raise TypeError("Expecting a PEM-formatted key.")
+
+            key_bytes = force_bytes(key)
+
+            try:
+                if key_bytes.startswith(b"ssh-rsa"):
+                    return cast(RSAPublicKey, load_ssh_public_key(key_bytes))
+                else:
+                    return cast(
+                        RSAPrivateKey, load_pem_private_key(key_bytes, password=None)
+                    )
+            except ValueError:
+                try:
+                    return cast(RSAPublicKey, load_pem_public_key(key_bytes))
+                except (ValueError, UnsupportedAlgorithm):
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Could not parse the provided public key."
+                    ) from None
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key_obj: AllowedRSAKeys, as_dict: Literal[True]
+        ) -> JWKDict: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key_obj: AllowedRSAKeys, as_dict: Literal[False] = False
+        ) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(key_obj: AllowedRSAKeys, as_dict: bool = False) -> JWKDict | str:
+            obj: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+
+            if hasattr(key_obj, "private_numbers"):
+                # Private key
+                numbers = key_obj.private_numbers()
+
+                obj = {
+                    "kty": "RSA",
+                    "key_ops": ["sign"],
+                    "n": to_base64url_uint(numbers.public_numbers.n).decode(),
+                    "e": to_base64url_uint(numbers.public_numbers.e).decode(),
+                    "d": to_base64url_uint(numbers.d).decode(),
+                    "p": to_base64url_uint(numbers.p).decode(),
+                    "q": to_base64url_uint(numbers.q).decode(),
+                    "dp": to_base64url_uint(numbers.dmp1).decode(),
+                    "dq": to_base64url_uint(numbers.dmq1).decode(),
+                    "qi": to_base64url_uint(numbers.iqmp).decode(),
+                }
+
+            elif hasattr(key_obj, "verify"):
+                # Public key
+                numbers = key_obj.public_numbers()
+
+                obj = {
+                    "kty": "RSA",
+                    "key_ops": ["verify"],
+                    "n": to_base64url_uint(numbers.n).decode(),
+                    "e": to_base64url_uint(numbers.e).decode(),
+                }
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not a public or private key")
+
+            if as_dict:
+                return obj
+            else:
+                return json.dumps(obj)
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> AllowedRSAKeys:
+            try:
+                if isinstance(jwk, str):
+                    obj = json.loads(jwk)
+                elif isinstance(jwk, dict):
+                    obj = jwk
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Key is not valid JSON") from None
+
+            if obj.get("kty") != "RSA":
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not an RSA key") from None
+
+            if "d" in obj and "e" in obj and "n" in obj:
+                # Private key
+                if "oth" in obj:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Unsupported RSA private key: > 2 primes not supported"
+                    )
+
+                other_props = ["p", "q", "dp", "dq", "qi"]
+                props_found = [prop in obj for prop in other_props]
+                any_props_found = any(props_found)
+
+                if any_props_found and not all(props_found):
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "RSA key must include all parameters if any are present besides d"
+                    ) from None
+
+                public_numbers = RSAPublicNumbers(
+                    from_base64url_uint(obj["e"]),
+                    from_base64url_uint(obj["n"]),
+                )
+
+                if any_props_found:
+                    numbers = RSAPrivateNumbers(
+                        d=from_base64url_uint(obj["d"]),
+                        p=from_base64url_uint(obj["p"]),
+                        q=from_base64url_uint(obj["q"]),
+                        dmp1=from_base64url_uint(obj["dp"]),
+                        dmq1=from_base64url_uint(obj["dq"]),
+                        iqmp=from_base64url_uint(obj["qi"]),
+                        public_numbers=public_numbers,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    d = from_base64url_uint(obj["d"])
+                    p, q = rsa_recover_prime_factors(
+                        public_numbers.n, d, public_numbers.e
+                    )
+
+                    numbers = RSAPrivateNumbers(
+                        d=d,
+                        p=p,
+                        q=q,
+                        dmp1=rsa_crt_dmp1(d, p),
+                        dmq1=rsa_crt_dmq1(d, q),
+                        iqmp=rsa_crt_iqmp(p, q),
+                        public_numbers=public_numbers,
+                    )
+
+                return numbers.private_key()
+            elif "n" in obj and "e" in obj:
+                # Public key
+                return RSAPublicNumbers(
+                    from_base64url_uint(obj["e"]),
+                    from_base64url_uint(obj["n"]),
+                ).public_key()
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not a public or private key")
+
+        def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: RSAPrivateKey) -> bytes:
+            return key.sign(msg, padding.PKCS1v15(), self.hash_alg())
+
+        def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: RSAPublicKey, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+            try:
+                key.verify(sig, msg, padding.PKCS1v15(), self.hash_alg())
+                return True
+            except InvalidSignature:
+                return False
+
+    class ECAlgorithm(Algorithm):
+        """
+        Performs signing and verification operations using
+        ECDSA and the specified hash function
+        """
+
+        SHA256: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA256
+        SHA384: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA384
+        SHA512: ClassVar[type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]] = hashes.SHA512
+
+        def __init__(self, hash_alg: type[hashes.HashAlgorithm]) -> None:
+            self.hash_alg = hash_alg
+
+        def prepare_key(self, key: AllowedECKeys | str | bytes) -> AllowedECKeys:
+            if isinstance(key, (EllipticCurvePrivateKey, EllipticCurvePublicKey)):
+                return key
+
+            if not isinstance(key, (bytes, str)):
+                raise TypeError("Expecting a PEM-formatted key.")
+
+            key_bytes = force_bytes(key)
+
+            # Attempt to load key. We don't know if it's
+            # a Signing Key or a Verifying Key, so we try
+            # the Verifying Key first.
+            try:
+                if key_bytes.startswith(b"ecdsa-sha2-"):
+                    crypto_key = load_ssh_public_key(key_bytes)
+                else:
+                    crypto_key = load_pem_public_key(key_bytes)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            except ValueError:
+                crypto_key = load_pem_private_key(key_bytes, password=None)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            # Explicit check the key to prevent confusing errors from cryptography
+            if not isinstance(
+                crypto_key, (EllipticCurvePrivateKey, EllipticCurvePublicKey)
+            ):
+                raise InvalidKeyError(
+                    "Expecting a EllipticCurvePrivateKey/EllipticCurvePublicKey. Wrong key provided for ECDSA algorithms"
+                ) from None
+
+            return crypto_key
+
+        def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: EllipticCurvePrivateKey) -> bytes:
+            der_sig = key.sign(msg, ECDSA(self.hash_alg()))
+
+            return der_to_raw_signature(der_sig, key.curve)
+
+        def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: AllowedECKeys, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+            try:
+                der_sig = raw_to_der_signature(sig, key.curve)
+            except ValueError:
+                return False
+
+            try:
+                public_key = (
+                    key.public_key()
+                    if isinstance(key, EllipticCurvePrivateKey)
+                    else key
+                )
+                public_key.verify(der_sig, msg, ECDSA(self.hash_alg()))
+                return True
+            except InvalidSignature:
+                return False
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key_obj: AllowedECKeys, as_dict: Literal[True]
+        ) -> JWKDict: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key_obj: AllowedECKeys, as_dict: Literal[False] = False
+        ) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(key_obj: AllowedECKeys, as_dict: bool = False) -> JWKDict | str:
+            if isinstance(key_obj, EllipticCurvePrivateKey):
+                public_numbers = key_obj.public_key().public_numbers()
+            elif isinstance(key_obj, EllipticCurvePublicKey):
+                public_numbers = key_obj.public_numbers()
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not a public or private key")
+
+            if isinstance(key_obj.curve, SECP256R1):
+                crv = "P-256"
+            elif isinstance(key_obj.curve, SECP384R1):
+                crv = "P-384"
+            elif isinstance(key_obj.curve, SECP521R1):
+                crv = "P-521"
+            elif isinstance(key_obj.curve, SECP256K1):
+                crv = "secp256k1"
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError(f"Invalid curve: {key_obj.curve}")
+
+            obj: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "kty": "EC",
+                "crv": crv,
+                "x": to_base64url_uint(
+                    public_numbers.x,
+                    bit_length=key_obj.curve.key_size,
+                ).decode(),
+                "y": to_base64url_uint(
+                    public_numbers.y,
+                    bit_length=key_obj.curve.key_size,
+                ).decode(),
+            }
+
+            if isinstance(key_obj, EllipticCurvePrivateKey):
+                obj["d"] = to_base64url_uint(
+                    key_obj.private_numbers().private_value,
+                    bit_length=key_obj.curve.key_size,
+                ).decode()
+
+            if as_dict:
+                return obj
+            else:
+                return json.dumps(obj)
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> AllowedECKeys:
+            try:
+                if isinstance(jwk, str):
+                    obj = json.loads(jwk)
+                elif isinstance(jwk, dict):
+                    obj = jwk
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Key is not valid JSON") from None
+
+            if obj.get("kty") != "EC":
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not an Elliptic curve key") from None
+
+            if "x" not in obj or "y" not in obj:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not an Elliptic curve key") from None
+
+            x = base64url_decode(obj.get("x"))
+            y = base64url_decode(obj.get("y"))
+
+            curve = obj.get("crv")
+            curve_obj: EllipticCurve
+
+            if curve == "P-256":
+                if len(x) == len(y) == 32:
+                    curve_obj = SECP256R1()
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Coords should be 32 bytes for curve P-256"
+                    ) from None
+            elif curve == "P-384":
+                if len(x) == len(y) == 48:
+                    curve_obj = SECP384R1()
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Coords should be 48 bytes for curve P-384"
+                    ) from None
+            elif curve == "P-521":
+                if len(x) == len(y) == 66:
+                    curve_obj = SECP521R1()
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Coords should be 66 bytes for curve P-521"
+                    ) from None
+            elif curve == "secp256k1":
+                if len(x) == len(y) == 32:
+                    curve_obj = SECP256K1()
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(
+                        "Coords should be 32 bytes for curve secp256k1"
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError(f"Invalid curve: {curve}")
+
+            public_numbers = EllipticCurvePublicNumbers(
+                x=int.from_bytes(x, byteorder="big"),
+                y=int.from_bytes(y, byteorder="big"),
+                curve=curve_obj,
+            )
+
+            if "d" not in obj:
+                return public_numbers.public_key()
+
+            d = base64url_decode(obj.get("d"))
+            if len(d) != len(x):
+                raise InvalidKeyError(
+                    "D should be {} bytes for curve {}", len(x), curve
+                )
+
+            return EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers(
+                int.from_bytes(d, byteorder="big"), public_numbers
+            ).private_key()
+
+    class RSAPSSAlgorithm(RSAAlgorithm):
+        """
+        Performs a signature using RSASSA-PSS with MGF1
+        """
+
+        def sign(self, msg: bytes, key: RSAPrivateKey) -> bytes:
+            return key.sign(
+                msg,
+                padding.PSS(
+                    mgf=padding.MGF1(self.hash_alg()),
+                    salt_length=self.hash_alg().digest_size,
+                ),
+                self.hash_alg(),
+            )
+
+        def verify(self, msg: bytes, key: RSAPublicKey, sig: bytes) -> bool:
+            try:
+                key.verify(
+                    sig,
+                    msg,
+                    padding.PSS(
+                        mgf=padding.MGF1(self.hash_alg()),
+                        salt_length=self.hash_alg().digest_size,
+                    ),
+                    self.hash_alg(),
+                )
+                return True
+            except InvalidSignature:
+                return False
+
+    class OKPAlgorithm(Algorithm):
+        """
+        Performs signing and verification operations using EdDSA
+
+        This class requires ``cryptography>=2.6`` to be installed.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def prepare_key(self, key: AllowedOKPKeys | str | bytes) -> AllowedOKPKeys:
+            if isinstance(key, (bytes, str)):
+                key_str = key.decode("utf-8") if isinstance(key, bytes) else key
+                key_bytes = key.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(key, str) else key
+
+                if "-----BEGIN PUBLIC" in key_str:
+                    key = load_pem_public_key(key_bytes)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                elif "-----BEGIN PRIVATE" in key_str:
+                    key = load_pem_private_key(key_bytes, password=None)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                elif key_str[0:4] == "ssh-":
+                    key = load_ssh_public_key(key_bytes)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            # Explicit check the key to prevent confusing errors from cryptography
+            if not isinstance(
+                key,
+                (Ed25519PrivateKey, Ed25519PublicKey, Ed448PrivateKey, Ed448PublicKey),
+            ):
+                raise InvalidKeyError(
+                    "Expecting a EllipticCurvePrivateKey/EllipticCurvePublicKey. Wrong key provided for EdDSA algorithms"
+                )
+
+            return key
+
+        def sign(
+            self, msg: str | bytes, key: Ed25519PrivateKey | Ed448PrivateKey
+        ) -> bytes:
+            """
+            Sign a message ``msg`` using the EdDSA private key ``key``
+            :param str|bytes msg: Message to sign
+            :param Ed25519PrivateKey}Ed448PrivateKey key: A :class:`.Ed25519PrivateKey`
+                or :class:`.Ed448PrivateKey` isinstance
+            :return bytes signature: The signature, as bytes
+            """
+            msg_bytes = msg.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(msg, str) else msg
+            return key.sign(msg_bytes)
+
+        def verify(
+            self, msg: str | bytes, key: AllowedOKPKeys, sig: str | bytes
+        ) -> bool:
+            """
+            Verify a given ``msg`` against a signature ``sig`` using the EdDSA key ``key``
+
+            :param str|bytes sig: EdDSA signature to check ``msg`` against
+            :param str|bytes msg: Message to sign
+            :param Ed25519PrivateKey|Ed25519PublicKey|Ed448PrivateKey|Ed448PublicKey key:
+                A private or public EdDSA key instance
+            :return bool verified: True if signature is valid, False if not.
+            """
+            try:
+                msg_bytes = msg.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(msg, str) else msg
+                sig_bytes = sig.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(sig, str) else sig
+
+                public_key = (
+                    key.public_key()
+                    if isinstance(key, (Ed25519PrivateKey, Ed448PrivateKey))
+                    else key
+                )
+                public_key.verify(sig_bytes, msg_bytes)
+                return True  # If no exception was raised, the signature is valid.
+            except InvalidSignature:
+                return False
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key: AllowedOKPKeys, as_dict: Literal[True]
+        ) -> JWKDict: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @overload
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(
+            key: AllowedOKPKeys, as_dict: Literal[False] = False
+        ) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def to_jwk(key: AllowedOKPKeys, as_dict: bool = False) -> JWKDict | str:
+            if isinstance(key, (Ed25519PublicKey, Ed448PublicKey)):
+                x = key.public_bytes(
+                    encoding=Encoding.Raw,
+                    format=PublicFormat.Raw,
+                )
+                crv = "Ed25519" if isinstance(key, Ed25519PublicKey) else "Ed448"
+
+                obj = {
+                    "x": base64url_encode(force_bytes(x)).decode(),
+                    "kty": "OKP",
+                    "crv": crv,
+                }
+
+                if as_dict:
+                    return obj
+                else:
+                    return json.dumps(obj)
+
+            if isinstance(key, (Ed25519PrivateKey, Ed448PrivateKey)):
+                d = key.private_bytes(
+                    encoding=Encoding.Raw,
+                    format=PrivateFormat.Raw,
+                    encryption_algorithm=NoEncryption(),
+                )
+
+                x = key.public_key().public_bytes(
+                    encoding=Encoding.Raw,
+                    format=PublicFormat.Raw,
+                )
+
+                crv = "Ed25519" if isinstance(key, Ed25519PrivateKey) else "Ed448"
+                obj = {
+                    "x": base64url_encode(force_bytes(x)).decode(),
+                    "d": base64url_encode(force_bytes(d)).decode(),
+                    "kty": "OKP",
+                    "crv": crv,
+                }
+
+                if as_dict:
+                    return obj
+                else:
+                    return json.dumps(obj)
+
+            raise InvalidKeyError("Not a public or private key")
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def from_jwk(jwk: str | JWKDict) -> AllowedOKPKeys:
+            try:
+                if isinstance(jwk, str):
+                    obj = json.loads(jwk)
+                elif isinstance(jwk, dict):
+                    obj = jwk
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Key is not valid JSON") from None
+
+            if obj.get("kty") != "OKP":
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Not an Octet Key Pair")
+
+            curve = obj.get("crv")
+            if curve != "Ed25519" and curve != "Ed448":
+                raise InvalidKeyError(f"Invalid curve: {curve}")
+
+            if "x" not in obj:
+                raise InvalidKeyError('OKP should have "x" parameter')
+            x = base64url_decode(obj.get("x"))
+
+            try:
+                if "d" not in obj:
+                    if curve == "Ed25519":
+                        return Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(x)
+                    return Ed448PublicKey.from_public_bytes(x)
+                d = base64url_decode(obj.get("d"))
+                if curve == "Ed25519":
+                    return Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(d)
+                return Ed448PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(d)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise InvalidKeyError("Invalid key parameter") from err
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwk.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwk.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02f4679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwk.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from .algorithms import get_default_algorithms, has_crypto, requires_cryptography
+from .exceptions import (
+    InvalidKeyError,
+    MissingCryptographyError,
+    PyJWKError,
+    PyJWKSetError,
+    PyJWTError,
+)
+from .types import JWKDict
+
+
+class PyJWK:
+    def __init__(self, jwk_data: JWKDict, algorithm: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self._algorithms = get_default_algorithms()
+        self._jwk_data = jwk_data
+
+        kty = self._jwk_data.get("kty", None)
+        if not kty:
+            raise InvalidKeyError(f"kty is not found: {self._jwk_data}")
+
+        if not algorithm and isinstance(self._jwk_data, dict):
+            algorithm = self._jwk_data.get("alg", None)
+
+        if not algorithm:
+            # Determine alg with kty (and crv).
+            crv = self._jwk_data.get("crv", None)
+            if kty == "EC":
+                if crv == "P-256" or not crv:
+                    algorithm = "ES256"
+                elif crv == "P-384":
+                    algorithm = "ES384"
+                elif crv == "P-521":
+                    algorithm = "ES512"
+                elif crv == "secp256k1":
+                    algorithm = "ES256K"
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(f"Unsupported crv: {crv}")
+            elif kty == "RSA":
+                algorithm = "RS256"
+            elif kty == "oct":
+                algorithm = "HS256"
+            elif kty == "OKP":
+                if not crv:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(f"crv is not found: {self._jwk_data}")
+                if crv == "Ed25519":
+                    algorithm = "EdDSA"
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidKeyError(f"Unsupported crv: {crv}")
+            else:
+                raise InvalidKeyError(f"Unsupported kty: {kty}")
+
+        if not has_crypto and algorithm in requires_cryptography:
+            raise MissingCryptographyError(
+                f"{algorithm} requires 'cryptography' to be installed."
+            )
+
+        self.algorithm_name = algorithm
+
+        if algorithm in self._algorithms:
+            self.Algorithm = self._algorithms[algorithm]
+        else:
+            raise PyJWKError(f"Unable to find an algorithm for key: {self._jwk_data}")
+
+        self.key = self.Algorithm.from_jwk(self._jwk_data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_dict(obj: JWKDict, algorithm: str | None = None) -> PyJWK:
+        return PyJWK(obj, algorithm)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_json(data: str, algorithm: None = None) -> PyJWK:
+        obj = json.loads(data)
+        return PyJWK.from_dict(obj, algorithm)
+
+    @property
+    def key_type(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._jwk_data.get("kty", None)
+
+    @property
+    def key_id(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._jwk_data.get("kid", None)
+
+    @property
+    def public_key_use(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._jwk_data.get("use", None)
+
+
+class PyJWKSet:
+    def __init__(self, keys: list[JWKDict]) -> None:
+        self.keys = []
+
+        if not keys:
+            raise PyJWKSetError("The JWK Set did not contain any keys")
+
+        if not isinstance(keys, list):
+            raise PyJWKSetError("Invalid JWK Set value")
+
+        for key in keys:
+            try:
+                self.keys.append(PyJWK(key))
+            except PyJWTError as error:
+                if isinstance(error, MissingCryptographyError):
+                    raise error
+                # skip unusable keys
+                continue
+
+        if len(self.keys) == 0:
+            raise PyJWKSetError(
+                "The JWK Set did not contain any usable keys. Perhaps 'cryptography' is not installed?"
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_dict(obj: dict[str, Any]) -> PyJWKSet:
+        keys = obj.get("keys", [])
+        return PyJWKSet(keys)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_json(data: str) -> PyJWKSet:
+        obj = json.loads(data)
+        return PyJWKSet.from_dict(obj)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, kid: str) -> PyJWK:
+        for key in self.keys:
+            if key.key_id == kid:
+                return key
+        raise KeyError(f"keyset has no key for kid: {kid}")
+
+
+class PyJWTSetWithTimestamp:
+    def __init__(self, jwk_set: PyJWKSet):
+        self.jwk_set = jwk_set
+        self.timestamp = time.monotonic()
+
+    def get_jwk_set(self) -> PyJWKSet:
+        return self.jwk_set
+
+    def get_timestamp(self) -> float:
+        return self.timestamp
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jws.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jws.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..654ee0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jws.py
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import binascii
+import json
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from .algorithms import (
+    Algorithm,
+    get_default_algorithms,
+    has_crypto,
+    requires_cryptography,
+)
+from .api_jwk import PyJWK
+from .exceptions import (
+    DecodeError,
+    InvalidAlgorithmError,
+    InvalidSignatureError,
+    InvalidTokenError,
+)
+from .utils import base64url_decode, base64url_encode
+from .warnings import RemovedInPyjwt3Warning
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .algorithms import AllowedPrivateKeys, AllowedPublicKeys
+
+
+class PyJWS:
+    header_typ = "JWT"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._algorithms = get_default_algorithms()
+        self._valid_algs = (
+            set(algorithms) if algorithms is not None else set(self._algorithms)
+        )
+
+        # Remove algorithms that aren't on the whitelist
+        for key in list(self._algorithms.keys()):
+            if key not in self._valid_algs:
+                del self._algorithms[key]
+
+        if options is None:
+            options = {}
+        self.options = {**self._get_default_options(), **options}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_default_options() -> dict[str, bool]:
+        return {"verify_signature": True}
+
+    def register_algorithm(self, alg_id: str, alg_obj: Algorithm) -> None:
+        """
+        Registers a new Algorithm for use when creating and verifying tokens.
+        """
+        if alg_id in self._algorithms:
+            raise ValueError("Algorithm already has a handler.")
+
+        if not isinstance(alg_obj, Algorithm):
+            raise TypeError("Object is not of type `Algorithm`")
+
+        self._algorithms[alg_id] = alg_obj
+        self._valid_algs.add(alg_id)
+
+    def unregister_algorithm(self, alg_id: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Unregisters an Algorithm for use when creating and verifying tokens
+        Throws KeyError if algorithm is not registered.
+        """
+        if alg_id not in self._algorithms:
+            raise KeyError(
+                "The specified algorithm could not be removed"
+                " because it is not registered."
+            )
+
+        del self._algorithms[alg_id]
+        self._valid_algs.remove(alg_id)
+
+    def get_algorithms(self) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Returns a list of supported values for the 'alg' parameter.
+        """
+        return list(self._valid_algs)
+
+    def get_algorithm_by_name(self, alg_name: str) -> Algorithm:
+        """
+        For a given string name, return the matching Algorithm object.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+        >>> jws_obj.get_algorithm_by_name("RS256")
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._algorithms[alg_name]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            if not has_crypto and alg_name in requires_cryptography:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    f"Algorithm '{alg_name}' could not be found. Do you have cryptography installed?"
+                ) from e
+            raise NotImplementedError("Algorithm not supported") from e
+
+    def encode(
+        self,
+        payload: bytes,
+        key: AllowedPrivateKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes,
+        algorithm: str | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        json_encoder: type[json.JSONEncoder] | None = None,
+        is_payload_detached: bool = False,
+        sort_headers: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        segments = []
+
+        # declare a new var to narrow the type for type checkers
+        if algorithm is None:
+            if isinstance(key, PyJWK):
+                algorithm_ = key.algorithm_name
+            else:
+                algorithm_ = "HS256"
+        else:
+            algorithm_ = algorithm
+
+        # Prefer headers values if present to function parameters.
+        if headers:
+            headers_alg = headers.get("alg")
+            if headers_alg:
+                algorithm_ = headers["alg"]
+
+            headers_b64 = headers.get("b64")
+            if headers_b64 is False:
+                is_payload_detached = True
+
+        # Header
+        header: dict[str, Any] = {"typ": self.header_typ, "alg": algorithm_}
+
+        if headers:
+            self._validate_headers(headers)
+            header.update(headers)
+
+        if not header["typ"]:
+            del header["typ"]
+
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            header["b64"] = False
+        elif "b64" in header:
+            # True is the standard value for b64, so no need for it
+            del header["b64"]
+
+        json_header = json.dumps(
+            header, separators=(",", ":"), cls=json_encoder, sort_keys=sort_headers
+        ).encode()
+
+        segments.append(base64url_encode(json_header))
+
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            msg_payload = payload
+        else:
+            msg_payload = base64url_encode(payload)
+        segments.append(msg_payload)
+
+        # Segments
+        signing_input = b".".join(segments)
+
+        alg_obj = self.get_algorithm_by_name(algorithm_)
+        if isinstance(key, PyJWK):
+            key = key.key
+        key = alg_obj.prepare_key(key)
+        signature = alg_obj.sign(signing_input, key)
+
+        segments.append(base64url_encode(signature))
+
+        # Don't put the payload content inside the encoded token when detached
+        if is_payload_detached:
+            segments[1] = b""
+        encoded_string = b".".join(segments)
+
+        return encoded_string.decode("utf-8")
+
+    def decode_complete(
+        self,
+        jwt: str | bytes,
+        key: AllowedPublicKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes = "",
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        detached_payload: bytes | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "passing additional kwargs to decode_complete() is deprecated "
+                "and will be removed in pyjwt version 3. "
+                f"Unsupported kwargs: {tuple(kwargs.keys())}",
+                RemovedInPyjwt3Warning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        if options is None:
+            options = {}
+        merged_options = {**self.options, **options}
+        verify_signature = merged_options["verify_signature"]
+
+        if verify_signature and not algorithms and not isinstance(key, PyJWK):
+            raise DecodeError(
+                'It is required that you pass in a value for the "algorithms" argument when calling decode().'
+            )
+
+        payload, signing_input, header, signature = self._load(jwt)
+
+        if header.get("b64", True) is False:
+            if detached_payload is None:
+                raise DecodeError(
+                    'It is required that you pass in a value for the "detached_payload" argument to decode a message having the b64 header set to false.'
+                )
+            payload = detached_payload
+            signing_input = b".".join([signing_input.rsplit(b".", 1)[0], payload])
+
+        if verify_signature:
+            self._verify_signature(signing_input, header, signature, key, algorithms)
+
+        return {
+            "payload": payload,
+            "header": header,
+            "signature": signature,
+        }
+
+    def decode(
+        self,
+        jwt: str | bytes,
+        key: AllowedPublicKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes = "",
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        detached_payload: bytes | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "passing additional kwargs to decode() is deprecated "
+                "and will be removed in pyjwt version 3. "
+                f"Unsupported kwargs: {tuple(kwargs.keys())}",
+                RemovedInPyjwt3Warning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        decoded = self.decode_complete(
+            jwt, key, algorithms, options, detached_payload=detached_payload
+        )
+        return decoded["payload"]
+
+    def get_unverified_header(self, jwt: str | bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns back the JWT header parameters as a dict()
+
+        Note: The signature is not verified so the header parameters
+        should not be fully trusted until signature verification is complete
+        """
+        headers = self._load(jwt)[2]
+        self._validate_headers(headers)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def _load(self, jwt: str | bytes) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, dict[str, Any], bytes]:
+        if isinstance(jwt, str):
+            jwt = jwt.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if not isinstance(jwt, bytes):
+            raise DecodeError(f"Invalid token type. Token must be a {bytes}")
+
+        try:
+            signing_input, crypto_segment = jwt.rsplit(b".", 1)
+            header_segment, payload_segment = signing_input.split(b".", 1)
+        except ValueError as err:
+            raise DecodeError("Not enough segments") from err
+
+        try:
+            header_data = base64url_decode(header_segment)
+        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
+            raise DecodeError("Invalid header padding") from err
+
+        try:
+            header = json.loads(header_data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise DecodeError(f"Invalid header string: {e}") from e
+
+        if not isinstance(header, dict):
+            raise DecodeError("Invalid header string: must be a json object")
+
+        try:
+            payload = base64url_decode(payload_segment)
+        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
+            raise DecodeError("Invalid payload padding") from err
+
+        try:
+            signature = base64url_decode(crypto_segment)
+        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
+            raise DecodeError("Invalid crypto padding") from err
+
+        return (payload, signing_input, header, signature)
+
+    def _verify_signature(
+        self,
+        signing_input: bytes,
+        header: dict[str, Any],
+        signature: bytes,
+        key: AllowedPublicKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes = "",
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if algorithms is None and isinstance(key, PyJWK):
+            algorithms = [key.algorithm_name]
+        try:
+            alg = header["alg"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidAlgorithmError("Algorithm not specified") from None
+
+        if not alg or (algorithms is not None and alg not in algorithms):
+            raise InvalidAlgorithmError("The specified alg value is not allowed")
+
+        if isinstance(key, PyJWK):
+            alg_obj = key.Algorithm
+            prepared_key = key.key
+        else:
+            try:
+                alg_obj = self.get_algorithm_by_name(alg)
+            except NotImplementedError as e:
+                raise InvalidAlgorithmError("Algorithm not supported") from e
+            prepared_key = alg_obj.prepare_key(key)
+
+        if not alg_obj.verify(signing_input, prepared_key, signature):
+            raise InvalidSignatureError("Signature verification failed")
+
+    def _validate_headers(self, headers: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        if "kid" in headers:
+            self._validate_kid(headers["kid"])
+
+    def _validate_kid(self, kid: Any) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(kid, str):
+            raise InvalidTokenError("Key ID header parameter must be a string")
+
+
+_jws_global_obj = PyJWS()
+encode = _jws_global_obj.encode
+decode_complete = _jws_global_obj.decode_complete
+decode = _jws_global_obj.decode
+register_algorithm = _jws_global_obj.register_algorithm
+unregister_algorithm = _jws_global_obj.unregister_algorithm
+get_algorithm_by_name = _jws_global_obj.get_algorithm_by_name
+get_unverified_header = _jws_global_obj.get_unverified_header
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a20143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/api_jwt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import warnings
+from calendar import timegm
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from . import api_jws
+from .exceptions import (
+    DecodeError,
+    ExpiredSignatureError,
+    ImmatureSignatureError,
+    InvalidAudienceError,
+    InvalidIssuedAtError,
+    InvalidIssuerError,
+    InvalidJTIError,
+    InvalidSubjectError,
+    MissingRequiredClaimError,
+)
+from .warnings import RemovedInPyjwt3Warning
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .algorithms import AllowedPrivateKeys, AllowedPublicKeys
+    from .api_jwk import PyJWK
+
+
+class PyJWT:
+    def __init__(self, options: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if options is None:
+            options = {}
+        self.options: dict[str, Any] = {**self._get_default_options(), **options}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_default_options() -> dict[str, bool | list[str]]:
+        return {
+            "verify_signature": True,
+            "verify_exp": True,
+            "verify_nbf": True,
+            "verify_iat": True,
+            "verify_aud": True,
+            "verify_iss": True,
+            "verify_sub": True,
+            "verify_jti": True,
+            "require": [],
+        }
+
+    def encode(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        key: AllowedPrivateKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes,
+        algorithm: str | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        json_encoder: type[json.JSONEncoder] | None = None,
+        sort_headers: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        # Check that we get a dict
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Expecting a dict object, as JWT only supports "
+                "JSON objects as payloads."
+            )
+
+        # Payload
+        payload = payload.copy()
+        for time_claim in ["exp", "iat", "nbf"]:
+            # Convert datetime to a intDate value in known time-format claims
+            if isinstance(payload.get(time_claim), datetime):
+                payload[time_claim] = timegm(payload[time_claim].utctimetuple())
+
+        json_payload = self._encode_payload(
+            payload,
+            headers=headers,
+            json_encoder=json_encoder,
+        )
+
+        return api_jws.encode(
+            json_payload,
+            key,
+            algorithm,
+            headers,
+            json_encoder,
+            sort_headers=sort_headers,
+        )
+
+    def _encode_payload(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        json_encoder: type[json.JSONEncoder] | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Encode a given payload to the bytes to be signed.
+
+        This method is intended to be overridden by subclasses that need to
+        encode the payload in a different way, e.g. compress the payload.
+        """
+        return json.dumps(
+            payload,
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+            cls=json_encoder,
+        ).encode("utf-8")
+
+    def decode_complete(
+        self,
+        jwt: str | bytes,
+        key: AllowedPublicKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes = "",
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        # deprecated arg, remove in pyjwt3
+        verify: bool | None = None,
+        # could be used as passthrough to api_jws, consider removal in pyjwt3
+        detached_payload: bytes | None = None,
+        # passthrough arguments to _validate_claims
+        # consider putting in options
+        audience: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        issuer: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        subject: str | None = None,
+        leeway: float | timedelta = 0,
+        # kwargs
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "passing additional kwargs to decode_complete() is deprecated "
+                "and will be removed in pyjwt version 3. "
+                f"Unsupported kwargs: {tuple(kwargs.keys())}",
+                RemovedInPyjwt3Warning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        options = dict(options or {})  # shallow-copy or initialize an empty dict
+        options.setdefault("verify_signature", True)
+
+        # If the user has set the legacy `verify` argument, and it doesn't match
+        # what the relevant `options` entry for the argument is, inform the user
+        # that they're likely making a mistake.
+        if verify is not None and verify != options["verify_signature"]:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The `verify` argument to `decode` does nothing in PyJWT 2.0 and newer. "
+                "The equivalent is setting `verify_signature` to False in the `options` dictionary. "
+                "This invocation has a mismatch between the kwarg and the option entry.",
+                category=DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        if not options["verify_signature"]:
+            options.setdefault("verify_exp", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_nbf", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_iat", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_aud", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_iss", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_sub", False)
+            options.setdefault("verify_jti", False)
+
+        decoded = api_jws.decode_complete(
+            jwt,
+            key=key,
+            algorithms=algorithms,
+            options=options,
+            detached_payload=detached_payload,
+        )
+
+        payload = self._decode_payload(decoded)
+
+        merged_options = {**self.options, **options}
+        self._validate_claims(
+            payload,
+            merged_options,
+            audience=audience,
+            issuer=issuer,
+            leeway=leeway,
+            subject=subject,
+        )
+
+        decoded["payload"] = payload
+        return decoded
+
+    def _decode_payload(self, decoded: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+        """
+        Decode the payload from a JWS dictionary (payload, signature, header).
+
+        This method is intended to be overridden by subclasses that need to
+        decode the payload in a different way, e.g. decompress compressed
+        payloads.
+        """
+        try:
+            payload = json.loads(decoded["payload"])
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise DecodeError(f"Invalid payload string: {e}") from e
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+            raise DecodeError("Invalid payload string: must be a json object")
+        return payload
+
+    def decode(
+        self,
+        jwt: str | bytes,
+        key: AllowedPublicKeys | PyJWK | str | bytes = "",
+        algorithms: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        # deprecated arg, remove in pyjwt3
+        verify: bool | None = None,
+        # could be used as passthrough to api_jws, consider removal in pyjwt3
+        detached_payload: bytes | None = None,
+        # passthrough arguments to _validate_claims
+        # consider putting in options
+        audience: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        subject: str | None = None,
+        issuer: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        leeway: float | timedelta = 0,
+        # kwargs
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "passing additional kwargs to decode() is deprecated "
+                "and will be removed in pyjwt version 3. "
+                f"Unsupported kwargs: {tuple(kwargs.keys())}",
+                RemovedInPyjwt3Warning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        decoded = self.decode_complete(
+            jwt,
+            key,
+            algorithms,
+            options,
+            verify=verify,
+            detached_payload=detached_payload,
+            audience=audience,
+            subject=subject,
+            issuer=issuer,
+            leeway=leeway,
+        )
+        return decoded["payload"]
+
+    def _validate_claims(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+        audience=None,
+        issuer=None,
+        subject: str | None = None,
+        leeway: float | timedelta = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(leeway, timedelta):
+            leeway = leeway.total_seconds()
+
+        if audience is not None and not isinstance(audience, (str, Iterable)):
+            raise TypeError("audience must be a string, iterable or None")
+
+        self._validate_required_claims(payload, options)
+
+        now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp()
+
+        if "iat" in payload and options["verify_iat"]:
+            self._validate_iat(payload, now, leeway)
+
+        if "nbf" in payload and options["verify_nbf"]:
+            self._validate_nbf(payload, now, leeway)
+
+        if "exp" in payload and options["verify_exp"]:
+            self._validate_exp(payload, now, leeway)
+
+        if options["verify_iss"]:
+            self._validate_iss(payload, issuer)
+
+        if options["verify_aud"]:
+            self._validate_aud(
+                payload, audience, strict=options.get("strict_aud", False)
+            )
+
+        if options["verify_sub"]:
+            self._validate_sub(payload, subject)
+
+        if options["verify_jti"]:
+            self._validate_jti(payload)
+
+    def _validate_required_claims(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        for claim in options["require"]:
+            if payload.get(claim) is None:
+                raise MissingRequiredClaimError(claim)
+
+    def _validate_sub(self, payload: dict[str, Any], subject=None) -> None:
+        """
+        Checks whether "sub" if in the payload is valid ot not.
+        This is an Optional claim
+
+        :param payload(dict): The payload which needs to be validated
+        :param subject(str): The subject of the token
+        """
+
+        if "sub" not in payload:
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(payload["sub"], str):
+            raise InvalidSubjectError("Subject must be a string")
+
+        if subject is not None:
+            if payload.get("sub") != subject:
+                raise InvalidSubjectError("Invalid subject")
+
+    def _validate_jti(self, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """
+        Checks whether "jti" if in the payload is valid ot not
+        This is an Optional claim
+
+        :param payload(dict): The payload which needs to be validated
+        """
+
+        if "jti" not in payload:
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(payload.get("jti"), str):
+            raise InvalidJTIError("JWT ID must be a string")
+
+    def _validate_iat(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        now: float,
+        leeway: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            iat = int(payload["iat"])
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidIssuedAtError(
+                "Issued At claim (iat) must be an integer."
+            ) from None
+        if iat > (now + leeway):
+            raise ImmatureSignatureError("The token is not yet valid (iat)")
+
+    def _validate_nbf(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        now: float,
+        leeway: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            nbf = int(payload["nbf"])
+        except ValueError:
+            raise DecodeError("Not Before claim (nbf) must be an integer.") from None
+
+        if nbf > (now + leeway):
+            raise ImmatureSignatureError("The token is not yet valid (nbf)")
+
+    def _validate_exp(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        now: float,
+        leeway: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            exp = int(payload["exp"])
+        except ValueError:
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "Expiration Time claim (exp) must be an integer."
+            ) from None
+
+        if exp <= (now - leeway):
+            raise ExpiredSignatureError("Signature has expired")
+
+    def _validate_aud(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        audience: str | Iterable[str] | None,
+        *,
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if audience is None:
+            if "aud" not in payload or not payload["aud"]:
+                return
+            # Application did not specify an audience, but
+            # the token has the 'aud' claim
+            raise InvalidAudienceError("Invalid audience")
+
+        if "aud" not in payload or not payload["aud"]:
+            # Application specified an audience, but it could not be
+            # verified since the token does not contain a claim.
+            raise MissingRequiredClaimError("aud")
+
+        audience_claims = payload["aud"]
+
+        # In strict mode, we forbid list matching: the supplied audience
+        # must be a string, and it must exactly match the audience claim.
+        if strict:
+            # Only a single audience is allowed in strict mode.
+            if not isinstance(audience, str):
+                raise InvalidAudienceError("Invalid audience (strict)")
+
+            # Only a single audience claim is allowed in strict mode.
+            if not isinstance(audience_claims, str):
+                raise InvalidAudienceError("Invalid claim format in token (strict)")
+
+            if audience != audience_claims:
+                raise InvalidAudienceError("Audience doesn't match (strict)")
+
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(audience_claims, str):
+            audience_claims = [audience_claims]
+        if not isinstance(audience_claims, list):
+            raise InvalidAudienceError("Invalid claim format in token")
+        if any(not isinstance(c, str) for c in audience_claims):
+            raise InvalidAudienceError("Invalid claim format in token")
+
+        if isinstance(audience, str):
+            audience = [audience]
+
+        if all(aud not in audience_claims for aud in audience):
+            raise InvalidAudienceError("Audience doesn't match")
+
+    def _validate_iss(self, payload: dict[str, Any], issuer: Any) -> None:
+        if issuer is None:
+            return
+
+        if "iss" not in payload:
+            raise MissingRequiredClaimError("iss")
+
+        if isinstance(issuer, str):
+            if payload["iss"] != issuer:
+                raise InvalidIssuerError("Invalid issuer")
+        else:
+            if payload["iss"] not in issuer:
+                raise InvalidIssuerError("Invalid issuer")
+
+
+_jwt_global_obj = PyJWT()
+encode = _jwt_global_obj.encode
+decode_complete = _jwt_global_obj.decode_complete
+decode = _jwt_global_obj.decode
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec4b9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+class JWTException(Exception):
+    """
+    common base class for all exceptions used in python-jwt
+    """
+
+
+class MalformedJWKError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class UnsupportedKeyTypeError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidKeyTypeError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class JWSEncodeError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class JWSDecodeError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class JWTEncodeError(JWTException):
+    pass
+
+
+class JWTDecodeError(JWTException):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/help.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e1c228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import json
+import platform
+import sys
+from typing import Dict
+
+from . import __version__ as pyjwt_version
+
+try:
+    import cryptography
+
+    cryptography_version = cryptography.__version__
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cryptography_version = ""
+
+
+def info() -> Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Generate information for a bug report.
+    Based on the requests package help utility module.
+    """
+    try:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": platform.system(),
+            "release": platform.release(),
+        }
+    except OSError:
+        platform_info = {"system": "Unknown", "release": "Unknown"}
+
+    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
+
+    if implementation == "CPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
+    elif implementation == "PyPy":
+        pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        implementation_version = (
+            f"{pypy_version_info.major}."
+            f"{pypy_version_info.minor}."
+            f"{pypy_version_info.micro}"
+        )
+        if pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":
+            implementation_version = "".join(
+                [
+                    implementation_version,
+                    pypy_version_info.releaselevel,
+                ]
+            )
+    else:
+        implementation_version = "Unknown"
+
+    return {
+        "platform": platform_info,
+        "implementation": {
+            "name": implementation,
+            "version": implementation_version,
+        },
+        "cryptography": {"version": cryptography_version},
+        "pyjwt": {"version": pyjwt_version},
+    }
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
+    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwa.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwa.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5986cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwa.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Callable,
+    Optional,
+)
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import (
+    SHA256,
+    SHA384,
+    SHA512,
+)
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidKeyTypeError
+from .jwk import AbstractJWKBase
+
+
+def std_hash_by_alg(alg: str) -> Callable[[bytes], object]:
+    if alg.endswith('S256'):
+        return hashlib.sha256
+    if alg.endswith('S384'):
+        return hashlib.sha384
+    if alg.endswith('S512'):
+        return hashlib.sha512
+    raise ValueError('{} is not supported'.format(alg))
+
+
+class AbstractSigningAlgorithm:
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+               signature: bytes) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class NoneAlgorithm(AbstractSigningAlgorithm):
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> bytes:
+        return b''
+
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+               signature: bytes) -> bool:
+        return hmac.compare_digest(signature, b'')
+
+
+none = NoneAlgorithm()
+
+
+class HMACAlgorithm(AbstractSigningAlgorithm):
+
+    def __init__(self, hash_fun: Callable[[], object]) -> None:
+        self.hash_fun = hash_fun
+
+    def _check_key(self, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+        if not key or key.get_kty() != 'oct':
+            raise InvalidKeyTypeError('Octet key is required')
+        return key
+
+    def _sign(self, message: bytes, key: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return hmac.new(key, message, self.hash_fun).digest()
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> bytes:
+        key = self._check_key(key)
+        return key.sign(message, signer=self._sign)
+
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+               signature: bytes) -> bool:
+        key = self._check_key(key)
+        return key.verify(message, signature, signer=self._sign)
+
+
+HS256 = HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha256)
+HS384 = HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha384)
+HS512 = HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha512)
+
+
+class RSAAlgorithm(AbstractSigningAlgorithm):
+
+    def __init__(self, hash_fun: object) -> None:
+        self.hash_fun = hash_fun
+
+    def _check_key(
+        self,
+        key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+        must_sign_key: bool = False,
+    ) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+        if not key or key.get_kty() != 'RSA':
+            raise InvalidKeyTypeError('RSA key is required')
+        if must_sign_key and not key.is_sign_key():
+            raise InvalidKeyTypeError(
+                'a RSA private key is required, but passed is RSA public key')
+        return key
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> bytes:
+        key = self._check_key(key, must_sign_key=True)
+        return key.sign(message, hash_fun=self.hash_fun,
+                        padding=padding.PKCS1v15())
+
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        message: bytes,
+        key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+        signature: bytes,
+    ) -> bool:
+        key = self._check_key(key)
+        return key.verify(message, signature, hash_fun=self.hash_fun,
+                          padding=padding.PKCS1v15())
+
+
+RS256 = RSAAlgorithm(SHA256)
+RS384 = RSAAlgorithm(SHA384)
+RS512 = RSAAlgorithm(SHA512)
+
+
+class PSSRSAAlgorithm(AbstractSigningAlgorithm):
+    def __init__(self, hash_fun: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        self.hash_fun = hash_fun
+
+    def _check_key(
+        self,
+        key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+        must_sign_key: bool = False,
+    ) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+        if not key or key.get_kty() != 'RSA':
+            raise InvalidKeyTypeError('RSA key is required')
+        if must_sign_key and not key.is_sign_key():
+            raise InvalidKeyTypeError(
+                'a RSA private key is required, but passed is RSA public key')
+        return key
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase]) -> bytes:
+        key = self._check_key(key, must_sign_key=True)
+        return key.sign(
+            message,
+            hash_fun=self.hash_fun,
+            padding=padding.PSS(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                mgf=padding.MGF1(self.hash_fun()),
+                salt_length=self.hash_fun().digest_size,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def verify(
+        self,
+        message: bytes,
+        key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase],
+        signature: bytes
+    ) -> bool:
+        key = self._check_key(key)
+        return key.verify(
+            message,
+            signature,
+            hash_fun=self.hash_fun,
+            padding=padding.PSS(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                mgf=padding.MGF1(self.hash_fun()),
+                salt_length=self.hash_fun().digest_size,
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+PS256 = PSSRSAAlgorithm(SHA256)
+PS384 = PSSRSAAlgorithm(SHA384)
+PS512 = PSSRSAAlgorithm(SHA512)
+
+
+def supported_signing_algorithms() -> Dict[str, AbstractSigningAlgorithm]:
+    # NOTE(yosida95): exclude vulnerable 'none' algorithm by default.
+    return {
+        'HS256': HS256,
+        'HS384': HS384,
+        'HS512': HS512,
+        'RS256': RS256,
+        'RS384': RS384,
+        'RS512': RS512,
+        'PS256': PS256,
+        'PS384': PS384,
+        'PS512': PS512,
+    }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1a4936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk.py
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import hmac
+from warnings import warn
+from abc import (
+    ABC,
+    abstractmethod,
+)
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Mapping,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    Optional
+)
+from functools import wraps
+
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization as serialization_module
+from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import (
+    rsa_crt_dmp1,
+    rsa_crt_dmq1,
+    rsa_crt_iqmp,
+    rsa_recover_prime_factors,
+    RSAPrivateKey,
+    RSAPrivateNumbers,
+    RSAPublicKey,
+    RSAPublicNumbers,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import HashAlgorithm
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    MalformedJWKError,
+    UnsupportedKeyTypeError,
+)
+from .utils import (
+    b64encode,
+    b64decode,
+    uint_b64encode,
+    uint_b64decode,
+)
+
+_AJWK = TypeVar("_AJWK", bound="AbstractJWKBase")
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class AbstractJWKBase(ABC):
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_kty(self) -> str:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_kid(self) -> str:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def is_sign_key(self) -> bool:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, **options) -> bytes:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, signature: bytes, **options) -> bool:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_dict(self, public_only: bool = True) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def from_dict(cls: Type[_AJWK], dct: Dict[str, object]) -> _AJWK:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class OctetJWK(AbstractJWKBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes, kid=None, **options) -> None:
+        super(AbstractJWKBase, self).__init__()
+        self.key = key
+        self.kid = kid
+
+        optnames = {'use', 'key_ops', 'alg', 'x5u', 'x5c', 'x5t', 'x5t#s256'}
+        self.options = {k: v for k, v in options.items() if k in optnames}
+
+    def get_kty(self):
+        return 'oct'
+
+    def get_kid(self):
+        return self.kid
+
+    def is_sign_key(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def _get_signer(self, options) -> Callable[[bytes, bytes], bytes]:
+        return options['signer']
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, **options) -> bytes:
+        signer = self._get_signer(options)
+        return signer(message, self.key)
+
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, signature: bytes, **options) -> bool:
+        signer = self._get_signer(options)
+        return hmac.compare_digest(signature, signer(message, self.key))
+
+    def to_dict(self, public_only=True):
+        dct = {
+            'kty': 'oct',
+            'k': b64encode(self.key),
+        }
+        dct.update(self.options)
+        if self.kid:
+            dct['kid'] = self.kid
+        return dct
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, dct):
+        try:
+            return cls(b64decode(dct['k']), **dct)
+        except KeyError as why:
+            raise MalformedJWKError('k is required') from why
+
+
+class RSAJWK(AbstractJWKBase):
+    """
+    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518.html#section-6.3.1
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, keyobj: Union[RSAPrivateKey, RSAPublicKey],
+                 **options) -> None:
+        super(AbstractJWKBase, self).__init__()
+        self.keyobj = keyobj
+
+        optnames = {'use', 'key_ops', 'alg', 'kid',
+                    'x5u', 'x5c', 'x5t', 'x5t#s256', }
+        self.options = {k: v for k, v in options.items() if k in optnames}
+
+    def is_sign_key(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.keyobj, RSAPrivateKey)
+
+    def _get_hash_fun(self, options) -> Callable[[], HashAlgorithm]:
+        return options['hash_fun']
+
+    def _get_padding(self, options) -> padding.AsymmetricPadding:
+        try:
+            return options['padding']
+        except KeyError:
+            warn('you should not use RSAJWK.verify/sign without jwa '
+                 'intermiediary, used legacy padding')
+            return padding.PKCS1v15()
+
+    def sign(self, message: bytes, **options) -> bytes:
+        if isinstance(self.keyobj, RSAPublicKey):
+            raise ValueError("Requires a private key.")
+        hash_fun = self._get_hash_fun(options)
+        _padding = self._get_padding(options)
+        return self.keyobj.sign(message, _padding, hash_fun())
+
+    def verify(self, message: bytes, signature: bytes, **options) -> bool:
+        hash_fun = self._get_hash_fun(options)
+        _padding = self._get_padding(options)
+        if isinstance(self.keyobj, RSAPrivateKey):
+            pubkey = self.keyobj.public_key()
+        else:
+            pubkey = self.keyobj
+        try:
+            pubkey.verify(signature, message, _padding, hash_fun())
+            return True
+        except InvalidSignature:
+            return False
+
+    def get_kty(self):
+        return 'RSA'
+
+    def get_kid(self):
+        return self.options.get('kid')
+
+    def to_dict(self, public_only=True):
+        dct = {
+            'kty': 'RSA',
+        }
+        dct.update(self.options)
+
+        if isinstance(self.keyobj, RSAPrivateKey):
+            priv_numbers = self.keyobj.private_numbers()
+            pub_numbers = priv_numbers.public_numbers
+            dct.update({
+                'e': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.e),
+                'n': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.n),
+            })
+            if not public_only:
+                dct.update({
+                    'e': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.e),
+                    'n': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.n),
+                    'd': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.d),
+                    'p': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.p),
+                    'q': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.q),
+                    'dp': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.dmp1),
+                    'dq': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.dmq1),
+                    'qi': uint_b64encode(priv_numbers.iqmp),
+                })
+            return dct
+        pub_numbers = self.keyobj.public_numbers()
+        dct.update({
+            'e': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.e),
+            'n': uint_b64encode(pub_numbers.n),
+        })
+        return dct
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, dct):
+        if 'oth' in dct:
+            raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError(
+                'RSA keys with multiples primes are not supported')
+
+        try:
+            e = uint_b64decode(dct['e'])
+            n = uint_b64decode(dct['n'])
+        except KeyError as why:
+            raise MalformedJWKError('e and n are required') from why
+        pub_numbers = RSAPublicNumbers(e, n)
+        if 'd' not in dct:
+            return cls(
+                pub_numbers.public_key(backend=default_backend()), **dct)
+        d = uint_b64decode(dct['d'])
+
+        privparams = {'p', 'q', 'dp', 'dq', 'qi'}
+        product = set(dct.keys()) & privparams
+        if len(product) == 0:
+            p, q = rsa_recover_prime_factors(n, e, d)
+            priv_numbers = RSAPrivateNumbers(
+                d=d,
+                p=p,
+                q=q,
+                dmp1=rsa_crt_dmp1(d, p),
+                dmq1=rsa_crt_dmq1(d, q),
+                iqmp=rsa_crt_iqmp(p, q),
+                public_numbers=pub_numbers)
+        elif product == privparams:
+            priv_numbers = RSAPrivateNumbers(
+                d=d,
+                p=uint_b64decode(dct['p']),
+                q=uint_b64decode(dct['q']),
+                dmp1=uint_b64decode(dct['dp']),
+                dmq1=uint_b64decode(dct['dq']),
+                iqmp=uint_b64decode(dct['qi']),
+                public_numbers=pub_numbers)
+        else:
+            # If the producer includes any of the other private key parameters,
+            # then all of the others MUST be present, with the exception of
+            # "oth", which MUST only be present when more than two prime
+            # factors were used.
+            raise MalformedJWKError(
+                'p, q, dp, dq, qi MUST be present or'
+                'all of them MUST be absent')
+        return cls(priv_numbers.private_key(backend=default_backend()), **dct)
+
+
+def supported_key_types() -> Dict[str, Type[AbstractJWKBase]]:
+    return {
+        'oct': OctetJWK,
+        'RSA': RSAJWK,
+    }
+
+
+def jwk_from_dict(dct: Mapping[str, Any]) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    if not isinstance(dct, dict):  # pragma: no cover
+        raise TypeError('dct must be a dict')
+    if 'kty' not in dct:
+        raise MalformedJWKError('kty MUST be present')
+
+    supported = supported_key_types()
+    kty = dct['kty']
+    if kty not in supported:
+        raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError('unsupported key type: {}'.format(kty))
+    return supported[kty].from_dict(dct)
+
+
+PublicKeyLoaderT = Union[str, Callable[[bytes, object], object]]
+PrivateKeyLoaderT = Union[
+    str,
+    Callable[[bytes, Optional[str], object], object]]
+_Loader = TypeVar("_Loader", PublicKeyLoaderT, PrivateKeyLoaderT)
+_C = TypeVar("_C", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+
+
+# The above LoaderTs should actually not be Union, and this function should be
+# typed something like this. But, this will lose any kwargs from the typing
+# information. Probably needs: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/3157
+# (func: Callable[[bytes, _Loader], _T])
+#   -> Callable[[bytes, Union[str, _Loader]], _T]
+def jwk_from_bytes_argument_conversion(func: _C) -> _C:
+    if not ('private' in func.__name__ or 'public' in func.__name__):
+        raise Exception("the wrapped function must have either public"
+                        " or private in it's name")
+
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(content, loader, **kwargs):
+        # now convert it to a Callable if it's a string
+        if isinstance(loader, str):
+            loader = getattr(serialization_module, loader)
+
+        if kwargs.get('options') is None:
+            kwargs['options'] = {}
+
+        return func(content, loader, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+@jwk_from_bytes_argument_conversion
+def jwk_from_private_bytes(
+    content: bytes,
+    private_loader: PrivateKeyLoaderT,
+    *,
+    password: Optional[str] = None,
+    backend: Optional[object] = None,
+    options: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    """This function is meant to be called from jwk_from_bytes"""
+    if options is None:
+        options = {}
+    try:
+        privkey = private_loader(content, password, backend)  # type: ignore[operator]  # noqa: E501
+        if isinstance(privkey, RSAPrivateKey):
+            return RSAJWK(privkey, **options)
+        raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError('unsupported key type')
+    except ValueError as ex:
+        raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError('this is probably a public key') from ex
+
+
+@jwk_from_bytes_argument_conversion
+def jwk_from_public_bytes(
+    content: bytes,
+    public_loader: PublicKeyLoaderT,
+    *,
+    backend: Optional[object] = None,
+    options: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None
+) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    """This function is meant to be called from jwk_from_bytes"""
+    if options is None:
+        options = {}
+    try:
+        pubkey = public_loader(content, backend)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if isinstance(pubkey, RSAPublicKey):
+            return RSAJWK(pubkey, **options)
+        raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError(
+            'unsupported key type')  # pragma: no cover
+    except ValueError as why:
+        raise UnsupportedKeyTypeError('could not deserialize') from why
+
+
+def jwk_from_bytes(
+    content: bytes,
+    private_loader: PrivateKeyLoaderT,
+    public_loader: PublicKeyLoaderT,
+    *,
+    private_password: Optional[str] = None,
+    backend: Optional[object] = None,
+    options: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    try:
+        return jwk_from_private_bytes(
+            content,
+            private_loader,
+            password=private_password,
+            backend=backend,
+            options=options,
+        )
+    except UnsupportedKeyTypeError:
+        return jwk_from_public_bytes(
+            content,
+            public_loader,
+            backend=backend,
+            options=options,
+        )
+
+
+def jwk_from_pem(
+    pem_content: bytes,
+    private_password: Optional[str] = None,
+    options: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    return jwk_from_bytes(
+        pem_content,
+        private_loader='load_pem_private_key',
+        public_loader='load_pem_public_key',
+        private_password=private_password,
+        backend=None,
+        options=options,
+    )
+
+
+def jwk_from_der(
+    der_content: bytes,
+    private_password: Optional[str] = None,
+    options: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+) -> AbstractJWKBase:
+    return jwk_from_bytes(
+        der_content,
+        private_loader='load_der_private_key',
+        public_loader='load_der_public_key',
+        private_password=private_password,
+        backend=None,
+        options=options,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk_set_cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk_set_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2432563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwk_set_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import time
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .api_jwk import PyJWKSet, PyJWTSetWithTimestamp
+
+
+class JWKSetCache:
+    def __init__(self, lifespan: int) -> None:
+        self.jwk_set_with_timestamp: Optional[PyJWTSetWithTimestamp] = None
+        self.lifespan = lifespan
+
+    def put(self, jwk_set: PyJWKSet) -> None:
+        if jwk_set is not None:
+            self.jwk_set_with_timestamp = PyJWTSetWithTimestamp(jwk_set)
+        else:
+            # clear cache
+            self.jwk_set_with_timestamp = None
+
+    def get(self) -> Optional[PyJWKSet]:
+        if self.jwk_set_with_timestamp is None or self.is_expired():
+            return None
+
+        return self.jwk_set_with_timestamp.get_jwk_set()
+
+    def is_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self.jwk_set_with_timestamp is not None
+            and self.lifespan > -1
+            and time.monotonic()
+            > self.jwk_set_with_timestamp.get_timestamp() + self.lifespan
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwks_client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwks_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a8992c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwks_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import json
+import urllib.request
+from functools import lru_cache
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from urllib.error import URLError
+
+from .api_jwk import PyJWK, PyJWKSet
+from .api_jwt import decode_complete as decode_token
+from .exceptions import PyJWKClientConnectionError, PyJWKClientError
+from .jwk_set_cache import JWKSetCache
+
+
+class PyJWKClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        cache_keys: bool = False,
+        max_cached_keys: int = 16,
+        cache_jwk_set: bool = True,
+        lifespan: int = 300,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        timeout: int = 30,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext] = None,
+    ):
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.jwk_set_cache: Optional[JWKSetCache] = None
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+        if cache_jwk_set:
+            # Init jwt set cache with default or given lifespan.
+            # Default lifespan is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
+            if lifespan <= 0:
+                raise PyJWKClientError(
+                    f'Lifespan must be greater than 0, the input is "{lifespan}"'
+                )
+            self.jwk_set_cache = JWKSetCache(lifespan)
+        else:
+            self.jwk_set_cache = None
+
+        if cache_keys:
+            # Cache signing keys
+            # Ignore mypy (https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427)
+            self.get_signing_key = lru_cache(maxsize=max_cached_keys)(
+                self.get_signing_key
+            )  # type: ignore
+
+    def fetch_data(self) -> Any:
+        jwk_set: Any = None
+        try:
+            r = urllib.request.Request(url=self.uri, headers=self.headers)
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(
+                r, timeout=self.timeout, context=self.ssl_context
+            ) as response:
+                jwk_set = json.load(response)
+        except (URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
+            raise PyJWKClientConnectionError(
+                f'Fail to fetch data from the url, err: "{e}"'
+            ) from e
+        else:
+            return jwk_set
+        finally:
+            if self.jwk_set_cache is not None:
+                self.jwk_set_cache.put(jwk_set)
+
+    def get_jwk_set(self, refresh: bool = False) -> PyJWKSet:
+        data = None
+        if self.jwk_set_cache is not None and not refresh:
+            data = self.jwk_set_cache.get()
+
+        if data is None:
+            data = self.fetch_data()
+
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise PyJWKClientError("The JWKS endpoint did not return a JSON object")
+
+        return PyJWKSet.from_dict(data)
+
+    def get_signing_keys(self, refresh: bool = False) -> List[PyJWK]:
+        jwk_set = self.get_jwk_set(refresh)
+        signing_keys = [
+            jwk_set_key
+            for jwk_set_key in jwk_set.keys
+            if jwk_set_key.public_key_use in ["sig", None] and jwk_set_key.key_id
+        ]
+
+        if not signing_keys:
+            raise PyJWKClientError("The JWKS endpoint did not contain any signing keys")
+
+        return signing_keys
+
+    def get_signing_key(self, kid: str) -> PyJWK:
+        signing_keys = self.get_signing_keys()
+        signing_key = self.match_kid(signing_keys, kid)
+
+        if not signing_key:
+            # If no matching signing key from the jwk set, refresh the jwk set and try again.
+            signing_keys = self.get_signing_keys(refresh=True)
+            signing_key = self.match_kid(signing_keys, kid)
+
+            if not signing_key:
+                raise PyJWKClientError(
+                    f'Unable to find a signing key that matches: "{kid}"'
+                )
+
+        return signing_key
+
+    def get_signing_key_from_jwt(self, token: str) -> PyJWK:
+        unverified = decode_token(token, options={"verify_signature": False})
+        header = unverified["header"]
+        return self.get_signing_key(header.get("kid"))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def match_kid(signing_keys: List[PyJWK], kid: str) -> Optional[PyJWK]:
+        signing_key = None
+
+        for key in signing_keys:
+            if key.key_id == kid:
+                signing_key = key
+                break
+
+        return signing_key
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwkset.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwkset.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c7056f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwkset.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from collections import UserList
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .jwk import AbstractJWKBase, jwk_from_dict
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    UserListBase = UserList[AbstractJWKBase]
+else:
+    UserListBase = UserList
+
+
+class JWKSet(UserListBase):
+
+    def filter_keys(self, kid=None, kty=None):
+        # When "kid" values are used within a JWK Set, different
+        # keys within the JWK Set SHOULD use distinct "kid" values.  (One
+        # example in which different keys might use the same "kid" value is if
+        # they have different "kty" (key type) values but are considered to be
+        # equivalent alternatives by the application using them.)
+
+        if kid and kty:
+            return [key for key in self.data
+                    if key.get_kty() == kty and key.get_kid() == kid]
+        if kid:
+            return [key for key in self.data if key.get_kid() == kid]
+        if kty:
+            return [key for key in self.data if key.get_kty() == kty]
+
+        return self.data.copy()
+
+    def to_dict(self, public_only=True):
+        keys = [key.to_dict(public_only=public_only) for key in self.data]
+        return {'keys': keys}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, dct):
+        keys = [jwk_from_dict(key_dct) for key_dct in dct.get('keys', [])]
+        return cls(keys)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jws.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jws.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18367b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jws.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+from typing import (
+    AbstractSet,
+    Dict,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+)
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    JWSEncodeError,
+    JWSDecodeError,
+)
+from .jwa import (
+    supported_signing_algorithms,
+    AbstractSigningAlgorithm,
+)
+from .jwk import AbstractJWKBase
+from .utils import (
+    b64encode,
+    b64decode,
+)
+
+__all__ = ['JWS']
+
+
+class JWS:
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._supported_algs = supported_signing_algorithms()
+
+    def _retrieve_alg(self, alg: str) -> AbstractSigningAlgorithm:
+        try:
+            return self._supported_algs[alg]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise JWSDecodeError('Unsupported signing algorithm.')
+
+    def encode(self, message: bytes, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase] = None,
+               alg='HS256',
+               optional_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> str:
+        if alg not in self._supported_algs:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise JWSEncodeError('unsupported algorithm: {}'.format(alg))
+        alg_impl = self._retrieve_alg(alg)
+
+        header = optional_headers.copy() if optional_headers else {}
+        header['alg'] = alg
+
+        header_b64 = b64encode(
+            json.dumps(header, separators=(',', ':')).encode('ascii'))
+        message_b64 = b64encode(message)
+        signing_message = header_b64 + '.' + message_b64
+
+        signature = alg_impl.sign(signing_message.encode('ascii'), key)
+        signature_b64 = b64encode(signature)
+
+        return signing_message + '.' + signature_b64
+
+    def _decode_segments(
+            self, message: str) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], bytes, bytes, str]:
+        try:
+            signing_message, signature_b64 = message.rsplit('.', 1)
+            header_b64, message_b64 = signing_message.split('.')
+        except ValueError:
+            raise JWSDecodeError('malformed JWS payload')
+
+        header = json.loads(b64decode(header_b64).decode('ascii'))
+        message_bin = b64decode(message_b64)
+        signature = b64decode(signature_b64)
+        return header, message_bin, signature, signing_message
+
+    def decode(self, message: str, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase] = None,
+               do_verify=True,
+               algorithms: Optional[AbstractSet[str]] = None) -> bytes:
+        if algorithms is None:
+            algorithms = set(supported_signing_algorithms().keys())
+
+        header, message_bin, signature, signing_message = \
+            self._decode_segments(message)
+
+        alg_value = header['alg']
+        if alg_value not in algorithms:
+            raise JWSDecodeError('Unsupported signing algorithm.')
+
+        alg_impl = self._retrieve_alg(alg_value)
+        if do_verify and not alg_impl.verify(
+                signing_message.encode('ascii'), key, signature):
+            raise JWSDecodeError('JWS passed could not be validated')
+
+        return message_bin
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c15b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/jwt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import AbstractSet, Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from jwt.utils import (
+    get_time_from_int,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    JWSEncodeError,
+    JWSDecodeError,
+    JWTEncodeError,
+    JWTDecodeError,
+)
+from .jwk import AbstractJWKBase
+from .jws import JWS
+
+
+class JWT:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._jws = JWS()
+
+    def encode(self, payload: Dict[str, Any],
+               key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase] = None, alg='HS256',
+               optional_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> str:
+        if not isinstance(self, JWT):  # pragma: no cover
+            # https://github.com/GehirnInc/python-jwt/issues/15
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'encode must be called on a jwt.JWT() instance. '
+                'Do jwt.JWT().encode(...)')
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError('payload must be a dict')
+        if not (key is None
+                or isinstance(key, AbstractJWKBase)):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(
+                'key must be an instance of a class implements '
+                'jwt.AbstractJWKBase')
+        if not (optional_headers is None
+                or isinstance(optional_headers, dict)):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError('optional_headers must be a dict')
+
+        try:
+            message = json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8')
+        except ValueError as why:
+            raise JWTEncodeError(
+                'payload must be able to be encoded to JSON') from why
+
+        optional_headers = optional_headers and optional_headers.copy() or {}
+        optional_headers['typ'] = 'JWT'
+        try:
+            return self._jws.encode(message, key, alg, optional_headers)
+        except JWSEncodeError as why:
+            raise JWTEncodeError('failed to encode to JWT') from why
+
+    def decode(self, message: str, key: Optional[AbstractJWKBase] = None,
+               do_verify=True, algorithms: Optional[AbstractSet[str]] = None,
+               do_time_check: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if not isinstance(self, JWT):  # pragma: no cover
+            # https://github.com/GehirnInc/python-jwt/issues/15
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'decode must be called on a jwt.JWT() instance. '
+                'Do jwt.JWT().decode(...)')
+        if not isinstance(message, str):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError('message must be a str')
+        if not (key is None
+                or isinstance(key, AbstractJWKBase)):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(
+                'key must be an instance of a class implements '
+                'jwt.AbstractJWKBase')
+
+        # utc now with timezone
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        try:
+            message_bin = self._jws.decode(message, key, do_verify, algorithms)
+        except JWSDecodeError as why:
+            raise JWTDecodeError('failed to decode JWT') from why
+        try:
+            payload = json.loads(message_bin.decode('utf-8'))
+        except ValueError as why:
+            raise JWTDecodeError(
+                'a payload of the JWT is not valid JSON') from why
+
+        # The "exp" (expiration time) claim identifies the expiration time on
+        # or after which the JWT MUST NOT be accepted for processing.
+        if 'exp' in payload and do_time_check:
+            try:
+                exp = get_time_from_int(payload['exp'])
+            except TypeError:
+                raise JWTDecodeError("Invalid Expired value")
+            if now >= exp:
+                raise JWTDecodeError("JWT Expired")
+
+        # The "nbf" (not before) claim identifies the time before which the JWT
+        # MUST NOT be accepted for processing.
+        if 'nbf' in payload and do_time_check:
+            try:
+                nbf = get_time_from_int(payload['nbf'])
+            except TypeError:
+                raise JWTDecodeError('Invalid "Not valid yet" value')
+            if now < nbf:
+                raise JWTDecodeError("JWT Not valid yet")
+
+        return payload
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d99352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict
+
+JWKDict = Dict[str, Any]
+
+HashlibHash = Callable[..., Any]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48f139f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Gehirn Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from base64 import (
+    urlsafe_b64encode,
+    urlsafe_b64decode,
+)
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+
+def b64encode(s: bytes) -> str:
+    s_bin = urlsafe_b64encode(s)
+    s_bin = s_bin.replace(b'=', b'')
+    return s_bin.decode('ascii')
+
+
+def b64decode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    s_bin = s.encode('ascii')
+    s_bin += b'=' * (4 - len(s_bin) % 4)
+    return urlsafe_b64decode(s_bin)
+
+
+def uint_b64encode(value: int) -> str:
+    length = 1
+    rem = value >> 8
+    while rem:
+        length += 1
+        rem >>= 8
+
+    uint_bin = value.to_bytes(length, 'big', signed=False)
+    return b64encode(uint_bin)
+
+
+def uint_b64decode(uint_b64: str) -> int:
+    uint_bin = b64decode(uint_b64)
+
+    value = 0
+    for b in uint_bin:
+        value <<= 8
+        value += int(b)
+    return value
+
+
+def get_time_from_int(value: int) -> datetime:
+    """
+    :param value: seconds since the Epoch
+    :return: datetime
+    """
+    if not isinstance(value, int):  # pragma: no cover
+        raise TypeError('an int is required')
+    return datetime.fromtimestamp(value, timezone.utc)
+
+
+def get_int_from_datetime(value: datetime) -> int:
+    """
+    :param value: datetime with or without timezone, if don't contains timezone
+                  it will managed as it is UTC
+    :return: Seconds since the Epoch
+    """
+    if not isinstance(value, datetime):  # pragma: no cover
+        raise TypeError('a datetime is required')
+    return int(value.timestamp())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/warnings.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/warnings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8762a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jwt/warnings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class RemovedInPyjwt3Warning(DeprecationWarning):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fee8dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import string
+import typing as t
+
+try:
+    from ._speedups import _escape_inner
+except ImportError:
+    from ._native import _escape_inner
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+
+class _HasHTML(t.Protocol):
+    def __html__(self, /) -> str: ...
+
+
+class _TPEscape(t.Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, s: t.Any, /) -> Markup: ...
+
+
+def escape(s: t.Any, /) -> Markup:
+    """Replace the characters ``&``, ``<``, ``>``, ``'``, and ``"`` in
+    the string with HTML-safe sequences. Use this if you need to display
+    text that might contain such characters in HTML.
+
+    If the object has an ``__html__`` method, it is called and the
+    return value is assumed to already be safe for HTML.
+
+    :param s: An object to be converted to a string and escaped.
+    :return: A :class:`Markup` string with the escaped text.
+    """
+    # If the object is already a plain string, skip __html__ check and string
+    # conversion. This is the most common use case.
+    # Use type(s) instead of s.__class__ because a proxy object may be reporting
+    # the __class__ of the proxied value.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return Markup(_escape_inner(s))
+
+    if hasattr(s, "__html__"):
+        return Markup(s.__html__())
+
+    return Markup(_escape_inner(str(s)))
+
+
+def escape_silent(s: t.Any | None, /) -> Markup:
+    """Like :func:`escape` but treats ``None`` as the empty string.
+    Useful with optional values, as otherwise you get the string
+    ``'None'`` when the value is ``None``.
+
+    >>> escape(None)
+    Markup('None')
+    >>> escape_silent(None)
+    Markup('')
+    """
+    if s is None:
+        return Markup()
+
+    return escape(s)
+
+
+def soft_str(s: t.Any, /) -> str:
+    """Convert an object to a string if it isn't already. This preserves
+    a :class:`Markup` string rather than converting it back to a basic
+    string, so it will still be marked as safe and won't be escaped
+    again.
+
+    >>> value = escape("<User 1>")
+    >>> value
+    Markup('&lt;User 1&gt;')
+    >>> escape(str(value))
+    Markup('&amp;lt;User 1&amp;gt;')
+    >>> escape(soft_str(value))
+    Markup('&lt;User 1&gt;')
+    """
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        return str(s)
+
+    return s
+
+
+class Markup(str):
+    """A string that is ready to be safely inserted into an HTML or XML
+    document, either because it was escaped or because it was marked
+    safe.
+
+    Passing an object to the constructor converts it to text and wraps
+    it to mark it safe without escaping. To escape the text, use the
+    :meth:`escape` class method instead.
+
+    >>> Markup("Hello, <em>World</em>!")
+    Markup('Hello, <em>World</em>!')
+    >>> Markup(42)
+    Markup('42')
+    >>> Markup.escape("Hello, <em>World</em>!")
+    Markup('Hello &lt;em&gt;World&lt;/em&gt;!')
+
+    This implements the ``__html__()`` interface that some frameworks
+    use. Passing an object that implements ``__html__()`` will wrap the
+    output of that method, marking it safe.
+
+    >>> class Foo:
+    ...     def __html__(self):
+    ...         return '<a href="/foo">foo</a>'
+    ...
+    >>> Markup(Foo())
+    Markup('<a href="/foo">foo</a>')
+
+    This is a subclass of :class:`str`. It has the same methods, but
+    escapes their arguments and returns a ``Markup`` instance.
+
+    >>> Markup("<em>%s</em>") % ("foo & bar",)
+    Markup('<em>foo &amp; bar</em>')
+    >>> Markup("<em>Hello</em> ") + "<foo>"
+    Markup('<em>Hello</em> &lt;foo&gt;')
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, object: t.Any = "", encoding: str | None = None, errors: str = "strict"
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        if hasattr(object, "__html__"):
+            object = object.__html__()
+
+        if encoding is None:
+            return super().__new__(cls, object)
+
+        return super().__new__(cls, object, encoding, errors)
+
+    def __html__(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, value: str | _HasHTML, /) -> te.Self:
+        if isinstance(value, str) or hasattr(value, "__html__"):
+            return self.__class__(super().__add__(self.escape(value)))
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __radd__(self, value: str | _HasHTML, /) -> te.Self:
+        if isinstance(value, str) or hasattr(value, "__html__"):
+            return self.escape(value).__add__(self)
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __mul__(self, value: t.SupportsIndex, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().__mul__(value))
+
+    def __rmul__(self, value: t.SupportsIndex, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().__mul__(value))
+
+    def __mod__(self, value: t.Any, /) -> te.Self:
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            # a tuple of arguments, each wrapped
+            value = tuple(_MarkupEscapeHelper(x, self.escape) for x in value)
+        elif hasattr(type(value), "__getitem__") and not isinstance(value, str):
+            # a mapping of arguments, wrapped
+            value = _MarkupEscapeHelper(value, self.escape)
+        else:
+            # a single argument, wrapped with the helper and a tuple
+            value = (_MarkupEscapeHelper(value, self.escape),)
+
+        return self.__class__(super().__mod__(value))
+
+    def __repr__(self, /) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()})"
+
+    def join(self, iterable: cabc.Iterable[str | _HasHTML], /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().join(map(self.escape, iterable)))
+
+    def split(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, /, sep: str | None = None, maxsplit: t.SupportsIndex = -1
+    ) -> list[te.Self]:
+        return [self.__class__(v) for v in super().split(sep, maxsplit)]
+
+    def rsplit(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, /, sep: str | None = None, maxsplit: t.SupportsIndex = -1
+    ) -> list[te.Self]:
+        return [self.__class__(v) for v in super().rsplit(sep, maxsplit)]
+
+    def splitlines(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, /, keepends: bool = False
+    ) -> list[te.Self]:
+        return [self.__class__(v) for v in super().splitlines(keepends)]
+
+    def unescape(self, /) -> str:
+        """Convert escaped markup back into a text string. This replaces
+        HTML entities with the characters they represent.
+
+        >>> Markup("Main &raquo; <em>About</em>").unescape()
+        'Main » <em>About</em>'
+        """
+        from html import unescape
+
+        return unescape(str(self))
+
+    def striptags(self, /) -> str:
+        """:meth:`unescape` the markup, remove tags, and normalize
+        whitespace to single spaces.
+
+        >>> Markup("Main &raquo;\t<em>About</em>").striptags()
+        'Main » About'
+        """
+        value = str(self)
+
+        # Look for comments then tags separately. Otherwise, a comment that
+        # contains a tag would end early, leaving some of the comment behind.
+
+        # keep finding comment start marks
+        while (start := value.find("<!--")) != -1:
+            # find a comment end mark beyond the start, otherwise stop
+            if (end := value.find("-->", start)) == -1:
+                break
+
+            value = f"{value[:start]}{value[end + 3:]}"
+
+        # remove tags using the same method
+        while (start := value.find("<")) != -1:
+            if (end := value.find(">", start)) == -1:
+                break
+
+            value = f"{value[:start]}{value[end + 1:]}"
+
+        # collapse spaces
+        value = " ".join(value.split())
+        return self.__class__(value).unescape()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def escape(cls, s: t.Any, /) -> te.Self:
+        """Escape a string. Calls :func:`escape` and ensures that for
+        subclasses the correct type is returned.
+        """
+        rv = escape(s)
+
+        if rv.__class__ is not cls:
+            return cls(rv)
+
+        return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: t.SupportsIndex | slice, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().__getitem__(key))
+
+    def capitalize(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().capitalize())
+
+    def title(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().title())
+
+    def lower(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().lower())
+
+    def upper(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().upper())
+
+    def replace(self, old: str, new: str, count: t.SupportsIndex = -1, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().replace(old, self.escape(new), count))
+
+    def ljust(self, width: t.SupportsIndex, fillchar: str = " ", /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().ljust(width, self.escape(fillchar)))
+
+    def rjust(self, width: t.SupportsIndex, fillchar: str = " ", /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().rjust(width, self.escape(fillchar)))
+
+    def lstrip(self, chars: str | None = None, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().lstrip(chars))
+
+    def rstrip(self, chars: str | None = None, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().rstrip(chars))
+
+    def center(self, width: t.SupportsIndex, fillchar: str = " ", /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().center(width, self.escape(fillchar)))
+
+    def strip(self, chars: str | None = None, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().strip(chars))
+
+    def translate(
+        self,
+        table: cabc.Mapping[int, str | int | None],  # type: ignore[override]
+        /,
+    ) -> str:
+        return self.__class__(super().translate(table))
+
+    def expandtabs(self, /, tabsize: t.SupportsIndex = 8) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().expandtabs(tabsize))
+
+    def swapcase(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().swapcase())
+
+    def zfill(self, width: t.SupportsIndex, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().zfill(width))
+
+    def casefold(self, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().casefold())
+
+    def removeprefix(self, prefix: str, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().removeprefix(prefix))
+
+    def removesuffix(self, suffix: str) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(super().removesuffix(suffix))
+
+    def partition(self, sep: str, /) -> tuple[te.Self, te.Self, te.Self]:
+        left, sep, right = super().partition(sep)
+        cls = self.__class__
+        return cls(left), cls(sep), cls(right)
+
+    def rpartition(self, sep: str, /) -> tuple[te.Self, te.Self, te.Self]:
+        left, sep, right = super().rpartition(sep)
+        cls = self.__class__
+        return cls(left), cls(sep), cls(right)
+
+    def format(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> te.Self:
+        formatter = EscapeFormatter(self.escape)
+        return self.__class__(formatter.vformat(self, args, kwargs))
+
+    def format_map(
+        self,
+        mapping: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any],  # type: ignore[override]
+        /,
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        formatter = EscapeFormatter(self.escape)
+        return self.__class__(formatter.vformat(self, (), mapping))
+
+    def __html_format__(self, format_spec: str, /) -> te.Self:
+        if format_spec:
+            raise ValueError("Unsupported format specification for Markup.")
+
+        return self
+
+
+class EscapeFormatter(string.Formatter):
+    __slots__ = ("escape",)
+
+    def __init__(self, escape: _TPEscape) -> None:
+        self.escape: _TPEscape = escape
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def format_field(self, value: t.Any, format_spec: str) -> str:
+        if hasattr(value, "__html_format__"):
+            rv = value.__html_format__(format_spec)
+        elif hasattr(value, "__html__"):
+            if format_spec:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Format specifier {format_spec} given, but {type(value)} does not"
+                    " define __html_format__. A class that defines __html__ must define"
+                    " __html_format__ to work with format specifiers."
+                )
+            rv = value.__html__()
+        else:
+            # We need to make sure the format spec is str here as
+            # otherwise the wrong callback methods are invoked.
+            rv = super().format_field(value, str(format_spec))
+        return str(self.escape(rv))
+
+
+class _MarkupEscapeHelper:
+    """Helper for :meth:`Markup.__mod__`."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("obj", "escape")
+
+    def __init__(self, obj: t.Any, escape: _TPEscape) -> None:
+        self.obj: t.Any = obj
+        self.escape: _TPEscape = escape
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: t.Any, /) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(self.obj[key], self.escape)
+
+    def __str__(self, /) -> str:
+        return str(self.escape(self.obj))
+
+    def __repr__(self, /) -> str:
+        return str(self.escape(repr(self.obj)))
+
+    def __int__(self, /) -> int:
+        return int(self.obj)
+
+    def __float__(self, /) -> float:
+        return float(self.obj)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> t.Any:
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " MarkupSafe 3.1. Use feature detection, or"
+            ' `importlib.metadata.version("markupsafe")`, instead.',
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("markupsafe")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..61f2b10
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__pycache__/_native.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/__pycache__/_native.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5816b02
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_native.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_native.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..088b3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_native.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+def _escape_inner(s: str, /) -> str:
+    return (
+        s.replace("&", "&amp;")
+        .replace(">", "&gt;")
+        .replace("<", "&lt;")
+        .replace("'", "&#39;")
+        .replace('"', "&#34;")
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.c b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09dd57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#define GET_DELTA(inp, inp_end, delta) \
+	while (inp < inp_end) { \
+		switch (*inp++) { \
+		case '"': \
+		case '\'': \
+		case '&': \
+			delta += 4; \
+			break; \
+		case '<': \
+		case '>': \
+			delta += 3; \
+			break; \
+		} \
+	}
+
+#define DO_ESCAPE(inp, inp_end, outp) \
+	{ \
+		Py_ssize_t ncopy = 0; \
+		while (inp < inp_end) { \
+			switch (*inp) { \
+			case '"': \
+				memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+				outp += ncopy; ncopy = 0; \
+				*outp++ = '&'; \
+				*outp++ = '#'; \
+				*outp++ = '3'; \
+				*outp++ = '4'; \
+				*outp++ = ';'; \
+				break; \
+			case '\'': \
+				memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+				outp += ncopy; ncopy = 0; \
+				*outp++ = '&'; \
+				*outp++ = '#'; \
+				*outp++ = '3'; \
+				*outp++ = '9'; \
+				*outp++ = ';'; \
+				break; \
+			case '&': \
+				memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+				outp += ncopy; ncopy = 0; \
+				*outp++ = '&'; \
+				*outp++ = 'a'; \
+				*outp++ = 'm'; \
+				*outp++ = 'p'; \
+				*outp++ = ';'; \
+				break; \
+			case '<': \
+				memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+				outp += ncopy; ncopy = 0; \
+				*outp++ = '&'; \
+				*outp++ = 'l'; \
+				*outp++ = 't'; \
+				*outp++ = ';'; \
+				break; \
+			case '>': \
+				memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+				outp += ncopy; ncopy = 0; \
+				*outp++ = '&'; \
+				*outp++ = 'g'; \
+				*outp++ = 't'; \
+				*outp++ = ';'; \
+				break; \
+			default: \
+				ncopy++; \
+			} \
+			inp++; \
+		} \
+		memcpy(outp, inp-ncopy, sizeof(*outp)*ncopy); \
+	}
+
+static PyObject*
+escape_unicode_kind1(PyUnicodeObject *in)
+{
+	Py_UCS1 *inp = PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(in);
+	Py_UCS1 *inp_end = inp + PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in);
+	Py_UCS1 *outp;
+	PyObject *out;
+	Py_ssize_t delta = 0;
+
+	GET_DELTA(inp, inp_end, delta);
+	if (!delta) {
+		Py_INCREF(in);
+		return (PyObject*)in;
+	}
+
+	out = PyUnicode_New(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in) + delta,
+						PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(in) ? 127 : 255);
+	if (!out)
+		return NULL;
+
+	inp = PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(in);
+	outp = PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(out);
+	DO_ESCAPE(inp, inp_end, outp);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static PyObject*
+escape_unicode_kind2(PyUnicodeObject *in)
+{
+	Py_UCS2 *inp = PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(in);
+	Py_UCS2 *inp_end = inp + PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in);
+	Py_UCS2 *outp;
+	PyObject *out;
+	Py_ssize_t delta = 0;
+
+	GET_DELTA(inp, inp_end, delta);
+	if (!delta) {
+		Py_INCREF(in);
+		return (PyObject*)in;
+	}
+
+	out = PyUnicode_New(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in) + delta, 65535);
+	if (!out)
+		return NULL;
+
+	inp = PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(in);
+	outp = PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(out);
+	DO_ESCAPE(inp, inp_end, outp);
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject*
+escape_unicode_kind4(PyUnicodeObject *in)
+{
+	Py_UCS4 *inp = PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(in);
+	Py_UCS4 *inp_end = inp + PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in);
+	Py_UCS4 *outp;
+	PyObject *out;
+	Py_ssize_t delta = 0;
+
+	GET_DELTA(inp, inp_end, delta);
+	if (!delta) {
+		Py_INCREF(in);
+		return (PyObject*)in;
+	}
+
+	out = PyUnicode_New(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(in) + delta, 1114111);
+	if (!out)
+		return NULL;
+
+	inp = PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(in);
+	outp = PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(out);
+	DO_ESCAPE(inp, inp_end, outp);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static PyObject*
+escape_unicode(PyObject *self, PyObject *s)
+{
+	if (!PyUnicode_Check(s))
+		return NULL;
+
+    // This check is no longer needed in Python 3.12.
+	if (PyUnicode_READY(s))
+		return NULL;
+
+	switch (PyUnicode_KIND(s)) {
+	case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND:
+		return escape_unicode_kind1((PyUnicodeObject*) s);
+	case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND:
+		return escape_unicode_kind2((PyUnicodeObject*) s);
+	case PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND:
+		return escape_unicode_kind4((PyUnicodeObject*) s);
+	}
+	assert(0);  /* shouldn't happen */
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+	{"_escape_inner", (PyCFunction)escape_unicode, METH_O, NULL},
+	{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef module_definition = {
+	PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+	"markupsafe._speedups",
+	NULL,
+	-1,
+	module_methods,
+	NULL,
+	NULL,
+	NULL,
+	NULL
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__speedups(void)
+{
+	PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&module_definition);
+
+	if (m == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+	PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+	#endif
+
+	return m;
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d3d0141
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c88858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/_speedups.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+def _escape_inner(s: str, /) -> str: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dda2ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+@Switch01
+A_Rog
+Aakanksha Agrawal
+Abhinav Sagar
+ABHYUDAY PRATAP SINGH
+abs51295
+AceGentile
+Adam Chainz
+Adam Tse
+Adam Wentz
+admin
+Adolfo Ochagavía
+Adrien Morison
+Agus
+ahayrapetyan
+Ahilya
+AinsworthK
+Akash Srivastava
+Alan Yee
+Albert Tugushev
+Albert-Guan
+albertg
+Alberto Sottile
+Aleks Bunin
+Ales Erjavec
+Alethea Flowers
+Alex Gaynor
+Alex Grönholm
+Alex Hedges
+Alex Loosley
+Alex Morega
+Alex Stachowiak
+Alexander Shtyrov
+Alexandre Conrad
+Alexey Popravka
+Aleš Erjavec
+Alli
+Ami Fischman
+Ananya Maiti
+Anatoly Techtonik
+Anders Kaseorg
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e7b65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-present The pip developers (see AUTHORS.txt file)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6141107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: pip
+Version: 24.2
+Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
+Author-email: The pip developers <distutils-sig@python.org>
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://pip.pypa.io/
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pip.pypa.io
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pypa/pip
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+License-File: AUTHORS.txt
+
+pip - The Python Package Installer
+==================================
+
+.. |pypi-version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pip.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip/
+   :alt: PyPI
+
+.. |python-versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pip
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip
+   :alt: PyPI - Python Version
+
+.. |docs-badge| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pip/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest
+   :alt: Documentation
+
+|pypi-version| |python-versions| |docs-badge|
+
+pip is the `package installer`_ for Python. You can use pip to install packages from the `Python Package Index`_ and other indexes.
+
+Please take a look at our documentation for how to install and use pip:
+
+* `Installation`_
+* `Usage`_
+
+We release updates regularly, with a new version every 3 months. Find more details in our documentation:
+
+* `Release notes`_
+* `Release process`_
+
+If you find bugs, need help, or want to talk to the developers, please use our mailing lists or chat rooms:
+
+* `Issue tracking`_
+* `Discourse channel`_
+* `User IRC`_
+
+If you want to get involved head over to GitHub to get the source code, look at our development documentation and feel free to jump on the developer mailing lists and chat rooms:
+
+* `GitHub page`_
+* `Development documentation`_
+* `Development IRC`_
+
+Code of Conduct
+---------------
+
+Everyone interacting in the pip project's codebases, issue trackers, chat
+rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the `PSF Code of Conduct`_.
+
+.. _package installer: https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/
+.. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org
+.. _Installation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/
+.. _Usage: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/
+.. _Release notes: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news.html
+.. _Release process: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/
+.. _GitHub page: https://github.com/pypa/pip
+.. _Development documentation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development
+.. _Issue tracking: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues
+.. _Discourse channel: https://discuss.python.org/c/packaging
+.. _User IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa
+.. _Development IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa-dev
+.. _PSF Code of Conduct: https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5d719c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+../../../bin/pip,sha256=sLRAfLfU2nDD7Cs_doEvm3T3WPoYv4DBcGLOckRvw5Q,245
+../../../bin/pip3,sha256=sLRAfLfU2nDD7Cs_doEvm3T3WPoYv4DBcGLOckRvw5Q,245
+../../../bin/pip3.12,sha256=sLRAfLfU2nDD7Cs_doEvm3T3WPoYv4DBcGLOckRvw5Q,245
+pip-24.2.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt,sha256=KDa8Pd3GDeKSogF6yFW0l9A9eMneLDOFrcIDqkL8G8s,10868
+pip-24.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+pip-24.2.dist-info/LICENSE.txt,sha256=Y0MApmnUmurmWxLGxIySTFGkzfPR_whtw0VtyLyqIQQ,1093
+pip-24.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=PhzCxQxIhsnZ871cPUe3Hew9PhhpgflLbfqU3WizZqM,3624
+pip-24.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+pip-24.2.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
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+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/connection.cpython-312.pyc,,
+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/proxy.cpython-312.pyc,,
+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/queue.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/response.cpython-312.pyc,,
+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__pycache__/retry.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py,sha256=fOX0_faozG2P7iVojQoE1mbydweNyTcm-hXEfFrTtLI,5403
+pip/_vendor/vendor.txt,sha256=PxNaxxkkpBaw5zOTsDpHEY-zEaHjgkDgyrSxOuxg8nw,330
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a9c535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (72.1.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25fcf7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+pip = pip._internal.cli.main:main
+pip3 = pip._internal.cli.main:main
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..640e922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+__version__ = "24.2"
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is an internal API only meant for use by pip's own console scripts.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5991326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Remove '' and current working directory from the first entry
+# of sys.path, if present to avoid using current directory
+# in pip commands check, freeze, install, list and show,
+# when invoked as python -m pip <command>
+if sys.path[0] in ("", os.getcwd()):
+    sys.path.pop(0)
+
+# If we are running from a wheel, add the wheel to sys.path
+# This allows the usage python pip-*.whl/pip install pip-*.whl
+if __package__ == "":
+    # __file__ is pip-*.whl/pip/__main__.py
+    # first dirname call strips of '/__main__.py', second strips off '/pip'
+    # Resulting path is the name of the wheel itself
+    # Add that to sys.path so we can import pip
+    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    sys.path.insert(0, path)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
+
+    sys.exit(_main())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c633787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Execute exactly this copy of pip, within a different environment.
+
+This file is named as it is, to ensure that this module can't be imported via
+an import statement.
+"""
+
+# /!\ This version compatibility check section must be Python 2 compatible. /!\
+
+import sys
+
+# Copied from pyproject.toml
+PYTHON_REQUIRES = (3, 8)
+
+
+def version_str(version):  # type: ignore
+    return ".".join(str(v) for v in version)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < PYTHON_REQUIRES:
+    raise SystemExit(
+        "This version of pip does not support python {} (requires >={}).".format(
+            version_str(sys.version_info[:2]), version_str(PYTHON_REQUIRES)
+        )
+    )
+
+# From here on, we can use Python 3 features, but the syntax must remain
+# Python 2 compatible.
+
+import runpy  # noqa: E402
+from importlib.machinery import PathFinder  # noqa: E402
+from os.path import dirname  # noqa: E402
+
+PIP_SOURCES_ROOT = dirname(dirname(__file__))
+
+
+class PipImportRedirectingFinder:
+    @classmethod
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):  # type: ignore
+        if fullname != "pip":
+            return None
+
+        spec = PathFinder.find_spec(fullname, [PIP_SOURCES_ROOT], target)
+        assert spec, (PIP_SOURCES_ROOT, fullname)
+        return spec
+
+
+sys.meta_path.insert(0, PipImportRedirectingFinder())
+
+assert __name__ == "__main__", "Cannot run __pip-runner__.py as a non-main module"
+runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__pip-runner__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__pip-runner__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5b7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils import _log
+
+# init_logging() must be called before any call to logging.getLogger()
+# which happens at import of most modules.
+_log.init_logging()
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__pycache__/wheel_builder.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__pycache__/wheel_builder.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be1e0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+"""Build Environment used for isolation during sdist building
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import site
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip import __file__ as pip_location
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.locations import get_platlib, get_purelib, get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import VERBOSE
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _dedup(a: str, b: str) -> Union[Tuple[str], Tuple[str, str]]:
+    return (a, b) if a != b else (a,)
+
+
+class _Prefix:
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.setup = False
+        scheme = get_scheme("", prefix=path)
+        self.bin_dir = scheme.scripts
+        self.lib_dirs = _dedup(scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib)
+
+
+def get_runnable_pip() -> str:
+    """Get a file to pass to a Python executable, to run the currently-running pip.
+
+    This is used to run a pip subprocess, for installing requirements into the build
+    environment.
+    """
+    source = pathlib.Path(pip_location).resolve().parent
+
+    if not source.is_dir():
+        # This would happen if someone is using pip from inside a zip file. In that
+        # case, we can use that directly.
+        return str(source)
+
+    return os.fsdecode(source / "__pip-runner__.py")
+
+
+def _get_system_sitepackages() -> Set[str]:
+    """Get system site packages
+
+    Usually from site.getsitepackages,
+    but fallback on `get_purelib()/get_platlib()` if unavailable
+    (e.g. in a virtualenv created by virtualenv<20)
+
+    Returns normalized set of strings.
+    """
+    if hasattr(site, "getsitepackages"):
+        system_sites = site.getsitepackages()
+    else:
+        # virtualenv < 20 overwrites site.py without getsitepackages
+        # fallback on get_purelib/get_platlib.
+        # this is known to miss things, but shouldn't in the cases
+        # where getsitepackages() has been removed (inside a virtualenv)
+        system_sites = [get_purelib(), get_platlib()]
+    return {os.path.normcase(path) for path in system_sites}
+
+
+class BuildEnvironment:
+    """Creates and manages an isolated environment to install build deps"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind=tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV, globally_managed=True)
+
+        self._prefixes = OrderedDict(
+            (name, _Prefix(os.path.join(temp_dir.path, name)))
+            for name in ("normal", "overlay")
+        )
+
+        self._bin_dirs: List[str] = []
+        self._lib_dirs: List[str] = []
+        for prefix in reversed(list(self._prefixes.values())):
+            self._bin_dirs.append(prefix.bin_dir)
+            self._lib_dirs.extend(prefix.lib_dirs)
+
+        # Customize site to:
+        # - ensure .pth files are honored
+        # - prevent access to system site packages
+        system_sites = _get_system_sitepackages()
+
+        self._site_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir.path, "site")
+        if not os.path.exists(self._site_dir):
+            os.mkdir(self._site_dir)
+        with open(
+            os.path.join(self._site_dir, "sitecustomize.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8"
+        ) as fp:
+            fp.write(
+                textwrap.dedent(
+                    """
+                import os, site, sys
+
+                # First, drop system-sites related paths.
+                original_sys_path = sys.path[:]
+                known_paths = set()
+                for path in {system_sites!r}:
+                    site.addsitedir(path, known_paths=known_paths)
+                system_paths = set(
+                    os.path.normcase(path)
+                    for path in sys.path[len(original_sys_path):]
+                )
+                original_sys_path = [
+                    path for path in original_sys_path
+                    if os.path.normcase(path) not in system_paths
+                ]
+                sys.path = original_sys_path
+
+                # Second, add lib directories.
+                # ensuring .pth file are processed.
+                for path in {lib_dirs!r}:
+                    assert not path in sys.path
+                    site.addsitedir(path)
+                """
+                ).format(system_sites=system_sites, lib_dirs=self._lib_dirs)
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        self._save_env = {
+            name: os.environ.get(name, None)
+            for name in ("PATH", "PYTHONNOUSERSITE", "PYTHONPATH")
+        }
+
+        path = self._bin_dirs[:]
+        old_path = self._save_env["PATH"]
+        if old_path:
+            path.extend(old_path.split(os.pathsep))
+
+        pythonpath = [self._site_dir]
+
+        os.environ.update(
+            {
+                "PATH": os.pathsep.join(path),
+                "PYTHONNOUSERSITE": "1",
+                "PYTHONPATH": os.pathsep.join(pythonpath),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        for varname, old_value in self._save_env.items():
+            if old_value is None:
+                os.environ.pop(varname, None)
+            else:
+                os.environ[varname] = old_value
+
+    def check_requirements(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[Set[Tuple[str, str]], Set[str]]:
+        """Return 2 sets:
+        - conflicting requirements: set of (installed, wanted) reqs tuples
+        - missing requirements: set of reqs
+        """
+        missing = set()
+        conflicting = set()
+        if reqs:
+            env = (
+                get_environment(self._lib_dirs)
+                if hasattr(self, "_lib_dirs")
+                else get_default_environment()
+            )
+            for req_str in reqs:
+                req = get_requirement(req_str)
+                # We're explicitly evaluating with an empty extra value, since build
+                # environments are not provided any mechanism to select specific extras.
+                if req.marker is not None and not req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                    continue
+                dist = env.get_distribution(req.name)
+                if not dist:
+                    missing.add(req_str)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}=={dist.version}"
+                else:
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}==={dist.version}"
+                if not req.specifier.contains(dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                    conflicting.add((installed_req_str, req_str))
+                # FIXME: Consider direct URL?
+        return conflicting, missing
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        prefix = self._prefixes[prefix_as_string]
+        assert not prefix.setup
+        prefix.setup = True
+        if not requirements:
+            return
+        self._install_requirements(
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+            finder,
+            requirements,
+            prefix,
+            kind=kind,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _install_requirements(
+        pip_runnable: str,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix: _Prefix,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        args: List[str] = [
+            sys.executable,
+            pip_runnable,
+            "install",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            "--no-user",
+            "--prefix",
+            prefix.path,
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+            "--disable-pip-version-check",
+        ]
+        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
+            args.append("-vv")
+        elif logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= VERBOSE:
+            args.append("-v")
+        for format_control in ("no_binary", "only_binary"):
+            formats = getattr(finder.format_control, format_control)
+            args.extend(
+                (
+                    "--" + format_control.replace("_", "-"),
+                    ",".join(sorted(formats or {":none:"})),
+                )
+            )
+
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        if index_urls:
+            args.extend(["-i", index_urls[0]])
+            for extra_index in index_urls[1:]:
+                args.extend(["--extra-index-url", extra_index])
+        else:
+            args.append("--no-index")
+        for link in finder.find_links:
+            args.extend(["--find-links", link])
+
+        for host in finder.trusted_hosts:
+            args.extend(["--trusted-host", host])
+        if finder.allow_all_prereleases:
+            args.append("--pre")
+        if finder.prefer_binary:
+            args.append("--prefer-binary")
+        args.append("--")
+        args.extend(requirements)
+        extra_environ = {"_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT": where()}
+        with open_spinner(f"Installing {kind}") as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc=f"pip subprocess to install {kind}",
+                spinner=spinner,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+            )
+
+
+class NoOpBuildEnvironment(BuildEnvironment):
+    """A no-op drop-in replacement for BuildEnvironment"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b45126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""Cache Management
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag, interpreter_name, interpreter_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ORIGIN_JSON_NAME = "origin.json"
+
+
+def _hash_dict(d: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    """Return a stable sha224 of a dictionary."""
+    s = json.dumps(d, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True)
+    return hashlib.sha224(s.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
+
+
+class Cache:
+    """An abstract class - provides cache directories for data from links
+
+    :param cache_dir: The root of the cache.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+        self.cache_dir = cache_dir or None
+
+    def _get_cache_path_parts(self, link: Link) -> List[str]:
+        """Get parts of part that must be os.path.joined with cache_dir"""
+
+        # We want to generate an url to use as our cache key, we don't want to
+        # just reuse the URL because it might have other items in the fragment
+        # and we don't care about those.
+        key_parts = {"url": link.url_without_fragment}
+        if link.hash_name is not None and link.hash is not None:
+            key_parts[link.hash_name] = link.hash
+        if link.subdirectory_fragment:
+            key_parts["subdirectory"] = link.subdirectory_fragment
+
+        # Include interpreter name, major and minor version in cache key
+        # to cope with ill-behaved sdists that build a different wheel
+        # depending on the python version their setup.py is being run on,
+        # and don't encode the difference in compatibility tags.
+        # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7296
+        key_parts["interpreter_name"] = interpreter_name()
+        key_parts["interpreter_version"] = interpreter_version()
+
+        # Encode our key url with sha224, we'll use this because it has similar
+        # security properties to sha256, but with a shorter total output (and
+        # thus less secure). However the differences don't make a lot of
+        # difference for our use case here.
+        hashed = _hash_dict(key_parts)
+
+        # We want to nest the directories some to prevent having a ton of top
+        # level directories where we might run out of sub directories on some
+        # FS.
+        parts = [hashed[:2], hashed[2:4], hashed[4:6], hashed[6:]]
+
+        return parts
+
+    def _get_candidates(self, link: Link, canonical_package_name: str) -> List[Any]:
+        can_not_cache = not self.cache_dir or not canonical_package_name or not link
+        if can_not_cache:
+            return []
+
+        path = self.get_path_for_link(link)
+        if os.path.isdir(path):
+            return [(candidate, path) for candidate in os.listdir(path)]
+        return []
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached items in for link."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        """Returns a link to a cached item if it exists, otherwise returns the
+        passed link.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SimpleWheelCache(Cache):
+    """A cache of wheels for future installs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached wheels for link
+
+        Because there are M wheels for any one sdist, we provide a directory
+        to cache them in, and then consult that directory when looking up
+        cache hits.
+
+        We only insert things into the cache if they have plausible version
+        numbers, so that we don't contaminate the cache with things that were
+        not unique. E.g. ./package might have dozens of installs done for it
+        and build a version of 0.0...and if we built and cached a wheel, we'd
+        end up using the same wheel even if the source has been edited.
+
+        :param link: The link of the sdist for which this will cache wheels.
+        """
+        parts = self._get_cache_path_parts(link)
+        assert self.cache_dir
+        # Store wheels within the root cache_dir
+        return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, "wheels", *parts)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        candidates = []
+
+        if not package_name:
+            return link
+
+        canonical_package_name = canonicalize_name(package_name)
+        for wheel_name, wheel_dir in self._get_candidates(link, canonical_package_name):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(wheel_name)
+            except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                continue
+            if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != canonical_package_name:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring cached wheel %s for %s as it "
+                    "does not match the expected distribution name %s.",
+                    wheel_name,
+                    link,
+                    package_name,
+                )
+                continue
+            if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                # Built for a different python/arch/etc
+                continue
+            candidates.append(
+                (
+                    wheel.support_index_min(supported_tags),
+                    wheel_name,
+                    wheel_dir,
+                )
+            )
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return link
+
+        _, wheel_name, wheel_dir = min(candidates)
+        return Link(path_to_url(os.path.join(wheel_dir, wheel_name)))
+
+
+class EphemWheelCache(SimpleWheelCache):
+    """A SimpleWheelCache that creates it's own temporary cache directory"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._temp_dir = TempDirectory(
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(self._temp_dir.path)
+
+
+class CacheEntry:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        persistent: bool,
+    ):
+        self.link = link
+        self.persistent = persistent
+        self.origin: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+        origin_direct_url_path = Path(self.link.file_path).parent / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_direct_url_path.exists():
+            try:
+                self.origin = DirectUrl.from_json(
+                    origin_direct_url_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid cache entry origin file %s for %s (%s)",
+                    origin_direct_url_path,
+                    link.filename,
+                    e,
+                )
+
+
+class WheelCache(Cache):
+    """Wraps EphemWheelCache and SimpleWheelCache into a single Cache
+
+    This Cache allows for gracefully degradation, using the ephem wheel cache
+    when a certain link is not found in the simple wheel cache first.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+        self._wheel_cache = SimpleWheelCache(cache_dir)
+        self._ephem_cache = EphemWheelCache()
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get_ephem_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._ephem_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        cache_entry = self.get_cache_entry(link, package_name, supported_tags)
+        if cache_entry is None:
+            return link
+        return cache_entry.link
+
+    def get_cache_entry(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Returns a CacheEntry with a link to a cached item if it exists or
+        None. The cache entry indicates if the item was found in the persistent
+        or ephemeral cache.
+        """
+        retval = self._wheel_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=True)
+
+        retval = self._ephem_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=False)
+
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def record_download_origin(cache_dir: str, download_info: DirectUrl) -> None:
+        origin_path = Path(cache_dir) / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_path.exists():
+            try:
+                origin = DirectUrl.from_json(origin_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not read origin file %s in cache entry (%s). "
+                    "Will attempt to overwrite it.",
+                    origin_path,
+                    e,
+                )
+            else:
+                # TODO: use DirectUrl.equivalent when
+                # https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/10564 is merged.
+                if origin.url != download_info.url:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Origin URL %s in cache entry %s does not match download URL "
+                        "%s. This is likely a pip bug or a cache corruption issue. "
+                        "Will overwrite it with the new value.",
+                        origin.url,
+                        cache_dir,
+                        download_info.url,
+                    )
+        origin_path.write_text(download_info.to_json(), encoding="utf-8")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e589bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Subpackage containing all of pip's command line interface related code
+"""
+
+# This file intentionally does not import submodules
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3f70ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""Logic that powers autocompletion installed by ``pip completion``.
+"""
+
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, create_command
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+
+
+def autocomplete() -> None:
+    """Entry Point for completion of main and subcommand options."""
+    # Don't complete if user hasn't sourced bash_completion file.
+    if "PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE" not in os.environ:
+        return
+    # Don't complete if autocompletion environment variables
+    # are not present
+    if not os.environ.get("COMP_WORDS") or not os.environ.get("COMP_CWORD"):
+        return
+    cwords = os.environ["COMP_WORDS"].split()[1:]
+    cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+    try:
+        current = cwords[cword - 1]
+    except IndexError:
+        current = ""
+
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+    subcommands = list(commands_dict)
+    options = []
+
+    # subcommand
+    subcommand_name: Optional[str] = None
+    for word in cwords:
+        if word in subcommands:
+            subcommand_name = word
+            break
+    # subcommand options
+    if subcommand_name is not None:
+        # special case: 'help' subcommand has no options
+        if subcommand_name == "help":
+            sys.exit(1)
+        # special case: list locally installed dists for show and uninstall
+        should_list_installed = not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name in [
+            "show",
+            "uninstall",
+        ]
+        if should_list_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            lc = current.lower()
+            installed = [
+                dist.canonical_name
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=True)
+                if dist.canonical_name.startswith(lc)
+                and dist.canonical_name not in cwords[1:]
+            ]
+            # if there are no dists installed, fall back to option completion
+            if installed:
+                for dist in installed:
+                    print(dist)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+        should_list_installables = (
+            not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name == "install"
+        )
+        if should_list_installables:
+            for path in auto_complete_paths(current, "path"):
+                print(path)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        subcommand = create_command(subcommand_name)
+
+        for opt in subcommand.parser.option_list_all:
+            if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                options += [
+                    (opt_str, opt.nargs) for opt_str in opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+                ]
+
+        # filter out previously specified options from available options
+        prev_opts = [x.split("=")[0] for x in cwords[1 : cword - 1]]
+        options = [(x, v) for (x, v) in options if x not in prev_opts]
+        # filter options by current input
+        options = [(k, v) for k, v in options if k.startswith(current)]
+        # get completion type given cwords and available subcommand options
+        completion_type = get_path_completion_type(
+            cwords,
+            cword,
+            subcommand.parser.option_list_all,
+        )
+        # get completion files and directories if ``completion_type`` is
+        # ``<file>``, ``<dir>`` or ``<path>``
+        if completion_type:
+            paths = auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type)
+            options = [(path, 0) for path in paths]
+        for option in options:
+            opt_label = option[0]
+            # append '=' to options which require args
+            if option[1] and option[0][:2] == "--":
+                opt_label += "="
+            print(opt_label)
+    else:
+        # show main parser options only when necessary
+
+        opts = [i.option_list for i in parser.option_groups]
+        opts.append(parser.option_list)
+        flattened_opts = chain.from_iterable(opts)
+        if current.startswith("-"):
+            for opt in flattened_opts:
+                if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                    subcommands += opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+        else:
+            # get completion type given cwords and all available options
+            completion_type = get_path_completion_type(cwords, cword, flattened_opts)
+            if completion_type:
+                subcommands = list(auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type))
+
+        print(" ".join([x for x in subcommands if x.startswith(current)]))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def get_path_completion_type(
+    cwords: List[str], cword: int, opts: Iterable[Any]
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Get the type of path completion (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+
+    :param cwords: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_WORDS``
+    :param cword: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_CWORD``
+    :param opts: The available options to check
+    :return: path completion type (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+    """
+    if cword < 2 or not cwords[cword - 2].startswith("-"):
+        return None
+    for opt in opts:
+        if opt.help == optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+            continue
+        for o in str(opt).split("/"):
+            if cwords[cword - 2].split("=")[0] == o:
+                if not opt.metavar or any(
+                    x in ("path", "file", "dir") for x in opt.metavar.split("/")
+                ):
+                    return opt.metavar
+    return None
+
+
+def auto_complete_paths(current: str, completion_type: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+    """If ``completion_type`` is ``file`` or ``path``, list all regular files
+    and directories starting with ``current``; otherwise only list directories
+    starting with ``current``.
+
+    :param current: The word to be completed
+    :param completion_type: path completion type(``file``, ``path`` or ``dir``)
+    :return: A generator of regular files and/or directories
+    """
+    directory, filename = os.path.split(current)
+    current_path = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    # Don't complete paths if they can't be accessed
+    if not os.access(current_path, os.R_OK):
+        return
+    filename = os.path.normcase(filename)
+    # list all files that start with ``filename``
+    file_list = (
+        x for x in os.listdir(current_path) if os.path.normcase(x).startswith(filename)
+    )
+    for f in file_list:
+        opt = os.path.join(current_path, f)
+        comp_file = os.path.normcase(os.path.join(directory, f))
+        # complete regular files when there is not ``<dir>`` after option
+        # complete directories when there is ``<file>``, ``<path>`` or
+        # ``<dir>``after option
+        if completion_type != "dir" and os.path.isfile(opt):
+            yield comp_file
+        elif os.path.isdir(opt):
+            yield os.path.join(comp_file, "")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc1ab65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""Base Command class, and related routines"""
+
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+import traceback
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import reconfigure
+from pip._vendor.rich import traceback as rich_traceback
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import (
+    ERROR,
+    PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR,
+    UNKNOWN_ERROR,
+    VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BadCommand,
+    CommandError,
+    DiagnosticPipError,
+    InstallationError,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    PreviousBuildDirError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import check_path_owner
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import BrokenStdoutLoggingError, setup_logging
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectoryTypeRegistry as TempDirRegistry
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import global_tempdir_manager, tempdir_registry
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = ["Command"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Command(CommandContextMixIn):
+    usage: str = ""
+    ignore_require_venv: bool = False
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, summary: str, isolated: bool = False) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+            usage=self.usage,
+            prog=f"{get_prog()} {name}",
+            formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+            add_help_option=False,
+            name=name,
+            description=self.__doc__,
+            isolated=isolated,
+        )
+
+        self.tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirRegistry] = None
+
+        # Commands should add options to this option group
+        optgroup_name = f"{self.name.capitalize()} Options"
+        self.cmd_opts = optparse.OptionGroup(self.parser, optgroup_name)
+
+        # Add the general options
+        gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.general_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+        self.parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+        self.add_options()
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        This is a no-op so that commands by default do not do the pip version
+        check.
+        """
+        # Make sure we do the pip version check if the index_group options
+        # are present.
+        assert not hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _run_wrapper(self, level_number: int, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        def _inner_run() -> int:
+            try:
+                return self.run(options, args)
+            finally:
+                self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
+
+        if options.debug_mode:
+            rich_traceback.install(show_locals=True)
+            return _inner_run()
+
+        try:
+            status = _inner_run()
+            assert isinstance(status, int)
+            return status
+        except DiagnosticPipError as exc:
+            logger.error("%s", exc, extra={"rich": True})
+            logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return ERROR
+        except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
+            logger.critical(str(exc))
+            logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
+        except (
+            InstallationError,
+            BadCommand,
+            NetworkConnectionError,
+        ) as exc:
+            logger.critical(str(exc))
+            logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return ERROR
+        except CommandError as exc:
+            logger.critical("%s", exc)
+            logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return ERROR
+        except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
+            # Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to
+            # stderr because stdout no longer works.
+            print("ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken", file=sys.stderr)
+            if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
+                traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+
+            return ERROR
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            logger.critical("Operation cancelled by user")
+            logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return ERROR
+        except BaseException:
+            logger.critical("Exception:", exc_info=True)
+
+            return UNKNOWN_ERROR
+
+    def parse_args(self, args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Values, List[str]]:
+        # factored out for testability
+        return self.parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    def main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        try:
+            with self.main_context():
+                return self._main(args)
+        finally:
+            logging.shutdown()
+
+    def _main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        # We must initialize this before the tempdir manager, otherwise the
+        # configuration would not be accessible by the time we clean up the
+        # tempdir manager.
+        self.tempdir_registry = self.enter_context(tempdir_registry())
+        # Intentionally set as early as possible so globally-managed temporary
+        # directories are available to the rest of the code.
+        self.enter_context(global_tempdir_manager())
+
+        options, args = self.parse_args(args)
+
+        # Set verbosity so that it can be used elsewhere.
+        self.verbosity = options.verbose - options.quiet
+
+        reconfigure(no_color=options.no_color)
+        level_number = setup_logging(
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            no_color=options.no_color,
+            user_log_file=options.log,
+        )
+
+        always_enabled_features = set(options.features_enabled) & set(
+            cmdoptions.ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES
+        )
+        if always_enabled_features:
+            logger.warning(
+                "The following features are always enabled: %s. ",
+                ", ".join(sorted(always_enabled_features)),
+            )
+
+        # Make sure that the --python argument isn't specified after the
+        # subcommand. We can tell, because if --python was specified,
+        # we should only reach this point if we're running in the created
+        # subprocess, which has the _PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS environment
+        # variable set.
+        if options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+            logger.critical(
+                "The --python option must be placed before the pip subcommand name"
+            )
+            sys.exit(ERROR)
+
+        # TODO: Try to get these passing down from the command?
+        #       without resorting to os.environ to hold these.
+        #       This also affects isolated builds and it should.
+
+        if options.no_input:
+            os.environ["PIP_NO_INPUT"] = "1"
+
+        if options.exists_action:
+            os.environ["PIP_EXISTS_ACTION"] = " ".join(options.exists_action)
+
+        if options.require_venv and not self.ignore_require_venv:
+            # If a venv is required check if it can really be found
+            if not running_under_virtualenv():
+                logger.critical("Could not find an activated virtualenv (required).")
+                sys.exit(VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND)
+
+        if options.cache_dir:
+            options.cache_dir = normalize_path(options.cache_dir)
+            if not check_path_owner(options.cache_dir):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The directory '%s' or its parent directory is not owned "
+                    "or is not writable by the current user. The cache "
+                    "has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of "
+                    "that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you should "
+                    "use sudo's -H flag.",
+                    options.cache_dir,
+                )
+                options.cache_dir = None
+
+        return self._run_wrapper(level_number, options, args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b7cff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+"""
+shared options and groups
+
+The principle here is to define options once, but *not* instantiate them
+globally. One reason being that options with action='append' can carry state
+between parses. pip parses general options twice internally, and shouldn't
+pass on state. To be consistent, all options will follow this design.
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import importlib.util
+import logging
+import os
+import textwrap
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Option, OptionGroup, OptionParser, Values
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def raise_option_error(parser: OptionParser, option: Option, msg: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Raise an option parsing error using parser.error().
+
+    Args:
+      parser: an OptionParser instance.
+      option: an Option instance.
+      msg: the error text.
+    """
+    msg = f"{option} error: {msg}"
+    msg = textwrap.fill(" ".join(msg.split()))
+    parser.error(msg)
+
+
+def make_option_group(group: Dict[str, Any], parser: ConfigOptionParser) -> OptionGroup:
+    """
+    Return an OptionGroup object
+    group  -- assumed to be dict with 'name' and 'options' keys
+    parser -- an optparse Parser
+    """
+    option_group = OptionGroup(parser, group["name"])
+    for option in group["options"]:
+        option_group.add_option(option())
+    return option_group
+
+
+def check_dist_restriction(options: Values, check_target: bool = False) -> None:
+    """Function for determining if custom platform options are allowed.
+
+    :param options: The OptionParser options.
+    :param check_target: Whether or not to check if --target is being used.
+    """
+    dist_restriction_set = any(
+        [
+            options.python_version,
+            options.platforms,
+            options.abis,
+            options.implementation,
+        ]
+    )
+
+    binary_only = FormatControl(set(), {":all:"})
+    sdist_dependencies_allowed = (
+        options.format_control != binary_only and not options.ignore_dependencies
+    )
+
+    # Installations or downloads using dist restrictions must not combine
+    # source distributions and dist-specific wheels, as they are not
+    # guaranteed to be locally compatible.
+    if dist_restriction_set and sdist_dependencies_allowed:
+        raise CommandError(
+            "When restricting platform and interpreter constraints using "
+            "--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
+            "either --no-deps must be set, or --only-binary=:all: must be "
+            "set and --no-binary must not be set (or must be set to "
+            ":none:)."
+        )
+
+    if check_target:
+        if not options.dry_run and dist_restriction_set and not options.target_dir:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not use any platform or abi specific options unless "
+                "installing via '--target' or using '--dry-run'"
+            )
+
+
+def _path_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.expanduser(value)
+
+
+def _package_name_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return canonicalize_name(value)
+
+
+class PipOption(Option):
+    TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("path", "package_name")
+    TYPE_CHECKER = Option.TYPE_CHECKER.copy()
+    TYPE_CHECKER["package_name"] = _package_name_option_check
+    TYPE_CHECKER["path"] = _path_option_check
+
+
+###########
+# options #
+###########
+
+help_: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-h",
+    "--help",
+    dest="help",
+    action="help",
+    help="Show help.",
+)
+
+debug_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--debug",
+    dest="debug_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, "
+        "instead of logging them to stderr."
+    ),
+)
+
+isolated_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--isolated",
+    dest="isolated_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user "
+        "configuration."
+    ),
+)
+
+require_virtualenv: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-virtualenv",
+    "--require-venv",
+    dest="require_venv",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; "
+        "exit with an error otherwise."
+    ),
+)
+
+override_externally_managed: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--break-system-packages",
+    dest="override_externally_managed",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Allow pip to modify an EXTERNALLY-MANAGED Python installation",
+)
+
+python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python",
+    dest="python",
+    help="Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.",
+)
+
+verbose: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-v",
+    "--verbose",
+    dest="verbose",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help="Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.",
+)
+
+no_color: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-color",
+    dest="no_color",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Suppress colored output.",
+)
+
+version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-V",
+    "--version",
+    dest="version",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Show version and exit.",
+)
+
+quiet: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-q",
+    "--quiet",
+    dest="quiet",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help=(
+        "Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3"
+        " times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging"
+        " levels)."
+    ),
+)
+
+progress_bar: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--progress-bar",
+    dest="progress_bar",
+    type="choice",
+    choices=["on", "off", "raw"],
+    default="on",
+    help="Specify whether the progress bar should be used [on, off, raw] (default: on)",
+)
+
+log: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--log",
+    "--log-file",
+    "--local-log",
+    dest="log",
+    metavar="path",
+    type="path",
+    help="Path to a verbose appending log.",
+)
+
+no_input: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    # Don't ask for input
+    "--no-input",
+    dest="no_input",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Disable prompting for input.",
+)
+
+keyring_provider: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--keyring-provider",
+    dest="keyring_provider",
+    choices=["auto", "disabled", "import", "subprocess"],
+    default="auto",
+    help=(
+        "Enable the credential lookup via the keyring library if user input is allowed."
+        " Specify which mechanism to use [disabled, import, subprocess]."
+        " (default: disabled)"
+    ),
+)
+
+proxy: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--proxy",
+    dest="proxy",
+    type="str",
+    default="",
+    help="Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.",
+)
+
+retries: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--retries",
+    dest="retries",
+    type="int",
+    default=5,
+    help="Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt "
+    "(default %default times).",
+)
+
+timeout: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--timeout",
+    "--default-timeout",
+    metavar="sec",
+    dest="timeout",
+    type="float",
+    default=15,
+    help="Set the socket timeout (default %default seconds).",
+)
+
+
+def exists_action() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        # Option when path already exist
+        "--exists-action",
+        dest="exists_action",
+        type="choice",
+        choices=["s", "i", "w", "b", "a"],
+        default=[],
+        action="append",
+        metavar="action",
+        help="Default action when a path already exists: "
+        "(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.",
+    )
+
+
+cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cert",
+    dest="cert",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="path",
+    help=(
+        "Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. "
+        "If provided, overrides the default. "
+        "See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation "
+        "for more information."
+    ),
+)
+
+client_cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--client-cert",
+    dest="client_cert",
+    type="path",
+    default=None,
+    metavar="path",
+    help="Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the "
+    "private key and the certificate in PEM format.",
+)
+
+index_url: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-i",
+    "--index-url",
+    "--pypi-url",
+    dest="index_url",
+    metavar="URL",
+    default=PyPI.simple_url,
+    help="Base URL of the Python Package Index (default %default). "
+    "This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 "
+    "(the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out "
+    "in the same format.",
+)
+
+
+def extra_index_url() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--extra-index-url",
+        dest="extra_index_urls",
+        metavar="URL",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        help="Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to "
+        "--index-url. Should follow the same rules as "
+        "--index-url.",
+    )
+
+
+no_index: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-index",
+    dest="no_index",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).",
+)
+
+
+def find_links() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-f",
+        "--find-links",
+        dest="find_links",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="url",
+        help="If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to "
+        "archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. "
+        "If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, "
+        "then look for archives in the directory listing. "
+        "Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.",
+    )
+
+
+def trusted_host() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--trusted-host",
+        dest="trusted_hosts",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="HOSTNAME",
+        default=[],
+        help="Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it "
+        "does not have valid or any HTTPS.",
+    )
+
+
+def constraints() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-c",
+        "--constraint",
+        dest="constraints",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Constrain versions using the given constraints file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def requirements() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-r",
+        "--requirement",
+        dest="requirements",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Install from the given requirements file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def editable() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-e",
+        "--editable",
+        dest="editables",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="path/url",
+        help=(
+            "Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "
+            '"develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.'
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_src(option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser) -> None:
+    value = os.path.abspath(value)
+    setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)
+
+
+src: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--src",
+    "--source",
+    "--source-dir",
+    "--source-directory",
+    dest="src_dir",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="dir",
+    default=get_src_prefix(),
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_src,
+    help="Directory to check out editable projects into. "
+    'The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". '
+    'The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".',
+)
+
+
+def _get_format_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
+    """Get a format_control object."""
+    return getattr(values, option.dest)
+
+
+def _handle_no_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.no_binary,
+        existing.only_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_only_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.only_binary,
+        existing.no_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def no_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--no-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_no_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice '
+        "the colons), or one or more package names with commas between "
+        "them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile "
+        "and may fail to install when this option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+def only_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--only-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_only_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one '
+        "or more package names with commas between them. Packages "
+        "without binary distributions will fail to install when this "
+        "option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+platforms: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--platform",
+    dest="platforms",
+    metavar="platform",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the "
+        "platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to "
+        "specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+# This was made a separate function for unit-testing purposes.
+def _convert_python_version(value: str) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, ...], Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert a version string like "3", "37", or "3.7.3" into a tuple of ints.
+
+    :return: A 2-tuple (version_info, error_msg), where `error_msg` is
+        non-None if and only if there was a parsing error.
+    """
+    if not value:
+        # The empty string is the same as not providing a value.
+        return (None, None)
+
+    parts = value.split(".")
+    if len(parts) > 3:
+        return ((), "at most three version parts are allowed")
+
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        # Then we are in the case of "3" or "37".
+        value = parts[0]
+        if len(value) > 1:
+            parts = [value[0], value[1:]]
+
+    try:
+        version_info = tuple(int(part) for part in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        return ((), "each version part must be an integer")
+
+    return (version_info, None)
+
+
+def _handle_python_version(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Handle a provided --python-version value.
+    """
+    version_info, error_msg = _convert_python_version(value)
+    if error_msg is not None:
+        msg = f"invalid --python-version value: {value!r}: {error_msg}"
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    parser.values.python_version = version_info
+
+
+python_version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python-version",
+    dest="python_version",
+    metavar="python_version",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_python_version,
+    type="str",
+    default=None,
+    help=dedent(
+        """\
+    The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
+    compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running
+    interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated
+    integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor
+    version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
+    """
+    ),
+)
+
+
+implementation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--implementation",
+    dest="implementation",
+    metavar="implementation",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python "
+        "implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', "
+        " or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current "
+        "interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force "
+        "implementation-agnostic wheels."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+abis: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--abi",
+    dest="abis",
+    metavar="abi",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. "
+        "If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. "
+        "Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported "
+        "by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify "
+        "--implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this "
+        "option."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def add_target_python_options(cmd_opts: OptionGroup) -> None:
+    cmd_opts.add_option(platforms())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(python_version())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(implementation())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(abis())
+
+
+def make_target_python(options: Values) -> TargetPython:
+    target_python = TargetPython(
+        platforms=options.platforms,
+        py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        abis=options.abis,
+        implementation=options.implementation,
+    )
+
+    return target_python
+
+
+def prefer_binary() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--prefer-binary",
+        dest="prefer_binary",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "Prefer binary packages over source packages, even if the "
+            "source packages are newer."
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+cache_dir: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    default=USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    metavar="dir",
+    type="path",
+    help="Store the cache data in <dir>.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_cache_dir(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-cache-dir option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the --no-cache-dir option.
+    """
+    # The value argument will be None if --no-cache-dir is passed via the
+    # command-line, since the option doesn't accept arguments.  However,
+    # the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g. by an
+    # environment variable, like PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=true.
+    if value is not None:
+        # Then parse the string value to get argument error-checking.
+        try:
+            strtobool(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=str(exc))
+
+    # Originally, setting PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR to a value that strtobool()
+    # converted to 0 (like "false" or "no") caused cache_dir to be disabled
+    # rather than enabled (logic would say the latter).  Thus, we disable
+    # the cache directory not just on values that parse to True, but (for
+    # backwards compatibility reasons) also on values that parse to False.
+    # In other words, always set it to False if the option is provided in
+    # some (valid) form.
+    parser.values.cache_dir = False
+
+
+no_cache: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_cache_dir,
+    help="Disable the cache.",
+)
+
+no_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-deps",
+    "--no-dependencies",
+    dest="ignore_dependencies",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't install package dependencies.",
+)
+
+ignore_requires_python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--ignore-requires-python",
+    dest="ignore_requires_python",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Ignore the Requires-Python information.",
+)
+
+no_build_isolation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-build-isolation",
+    dest="build_isolation",
+    action="store_false",
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. "
+    "Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed "
+    "if this option is used.",
+)
+
+check_build_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--check-build-dependencies",
+    dest="check_build_deps",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Check the build dependencies when PEP517 is used.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_use_pep517(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-use-pep517 option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the no_use_pep517 option.
+    """
+    # Since --no-use-pep517 doesn't accept arguments, the value argument
+    # will be None if --no-use-pep517 is passed via the command-line.
+    # However, the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g.
+    # by an environment variable, for example "PIP_NO_USE_PEP517=true".
+    if value is not None:
+        msg = """A value was passed for --no-use-pep517,
+        probably using either the PIP_NO_USE_PEP517 environment variable
+        or the "no-use-pep517" config file option. Use an appropriate value
+        of the PIP_USE_PEP517 environment variable or the "use-pep517"
+        config file option instead.
+        """
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # If user doesn't wish to use pep517, we check if setuptools and wheel are installed
+    # and raise error if it is not.
+    packages = ("setuptools", "wheel")
+    if not all(importlib.util.find_spec(package) for package in packages):
+        msg = (
+            f"It is not possible to use --no-use-pep517 "
+            f"without {' and '.join(packages)} installed."
+        )
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # Otherwise, --no-use-pep517 was passed via the command-line.
+    parser.values.use_pep517 = False
+
+
+use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=None,
+    help="Use PEP 517 for building source distributions "
+    "(use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).",
+)
+
+no_use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_use_pep517,
+    default=None,
+    help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+)
+
+
+def _handle_config_settings(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    key, sep, val = value.partition("=")
+    if sep != "=":
+        parser.error(f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be of the form KEY=VAL")
+    dest = getattr(parser.values, option.dest)
+    if dest is None:
+        dest = {}
+        setattr(parser.values, option.dest, dest)
+    if key in dest:
+        if isinstance(dest[key], list):
+            dest[key].append(val)
+        else:
+            dest[key] = [dest[key], val]
+    else:
+        dest[key] = val
+
+
+config_settings: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-C",
+    "--config-settings",
+    dest="config_settings",
+    type=str,
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_config_settings,
+    metavar="settings",
+    help="Configuration settings to be passed to the PEP 517 build backend. "
+    "Settings take the form KEY=VALUE. Use multiple --config-settings options "
+    "to pass multiple keys to the backend.",
+)
+
+build_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--build-option",
+    dest="build_options",
+    metavar="options",
+    action="append",
+    help="Extra arguments to be supplied to 'setup.py bdist_wheel'.",
+)
+
+global_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--global-option",
+    dest="global_options",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="options",
+    help="Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py "
+    "call before the install or bdist_wheel command.",
+)
+
+no_clean: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-clean",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't clean up build directories.",
+)
+
+pre: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--pre",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+    "pip only finds stable versions.",
+)
+
+disable_pip_version_check: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--disable-pip-version-check",
+    dest="disable_pip_version_check",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version "
+    "of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.",
+)
+
+root_user_action: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--root-user-action",
+    dest="root_user_action",
+    default="warn",
+    choices=["warn", "ignore"],
+    help="Action if pip is run as a root user [warn, ignore] (default: warn)",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_merge_hash(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """Given a value spelled "algo:digest", append the digest to a list
+    pointed to in a dict by the algo name."""
+    if not parser.values.hashes:
+        parser.values.hashes = {}
+    try:
+        algo, digest = value.split(":", 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error(
+            f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be a hash name "
+            "followed by a value, like --hash=sha256:"
+            "abcde..."
+        )
+    if algo not in STRONG_HASHES:
+        parser.error(
+            "Allowed hash algorithms for {} are {}.".format(
+                opt_str, ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            )
+        )
+    parser.values.hashes.setdefault(algo, []).append(digest)
+
+
+hash: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--hash",
+    # Hash values eventually end up in InstallRequirement.hashes due to
+    # __dict__ copying in process_line().
+    dest="hashes",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_merge_hash,
+    type="string",
+    help="Verify that the package's archive matches this "
+    "hash before installing. Example: --hash=sha256:abcdef...",
+)
+
+
+require_hashes: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-hashes",
+    dest="require_hashes",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Require a hash to check each requirement against, for "
+    "repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a "
+    "requirements file has a --hash option.",
+)
+
+
+list_path: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--path",
+    dest="path",
+    type="path",
+    action="append",
+    help="Restrict to the specified installation path for listing "
+    "packages (can be used multiple times).",
+)
+
+
+def check_list_path_option(options: Values) -> None:
+    if options.path and (options.user or options.local):
+        raise CommandError("Cannot combine '--path' with '--user' or '--local'")
+
+
+list_exclude: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--exclude",
+    dest="excludes",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="package",
+    type="package_name",
+    help="Exclude specified package from the output",
+)
+
+
+no_python_version_warning: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-python-version-warning",
+    dest="no_python_version_warning",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.",
+)
+
+
+# Features that are now always on. A warning is printed if they are used.
+ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES = [
+    "truststore",  # always on since 24.2
+    "no-binary-enable-wheel-cache",  # always on since 23.1
+]
+
+use_new_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-feature",
+    dest="features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "fast-deps",
+    ]
+    + ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES,
+    help="Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.",
+)
+
+use_deprecated_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-deprecated",
+    dest="deprecated_features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "legacy-resolver",
+        "legacy-certs",
+    ],
+    help=("Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future."),
+)
+
+
+##########
+# groups #
+##########
+
+general_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "General Options",
+    "options": [
+        help_,
+        debug_mode,
+        isolated_mode,
+        require_virtualenv,
+        python,
+        verbose,
+        version,
+        quiet,
+        log,
+        no_input,
+        keyring_provider,
+        proxy,
+        retries,
+        timeout,
+        exists_action,
+        trusted_host,
+        cert,
+        client_cert,
+        cache_dir,
+        no_cache,
+        disable_pip_version_check,
+        no_color,
+        no_python_version_warning,
+        use_new_feature,
+        use_deprecated_feature,
+    ],
+}
+
+index_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "Package Index Options",
+    "options": [
+        index_url,
+        extra_index_url,
+        no_index,
+        find_links,
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139995a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from typing import ContextManager, Generator, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", covariant=True)
+
+
+class CommandContextMixIn:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._in_main_context = False
+        self._main_context = ExitStack()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def main_context(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        assert not self._in_main_context
+
+        self._in_main_context = True
+        try:
+            with self._main_context:
+                yield
+        finally:
+            self._in_main_context = False
+
+    def enter_context(self, context_provider: ContextManager[_T]) -> _T:
+        assert self._in_main_context
+
+        return self._main_context.enter_context(context_provider)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/index_command.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/index_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..226f8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/index_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+Contains command classes which may interact with an index / the network.
+
+Unlike its sister module, req_command, this module still uses lazy imports
+so commands which don't always hit the network (e.g. list w/o --outdated or
+--uptodate) don't need waste time importing PipSession and friends.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor import certifi
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+    from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _create_truststore_ssl_context() -> Optional["SSLContext"]:
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        logger.debug("Disabling truststore because Python version isn't 3.10+")
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("Disabling truststore since ssl support is missing")
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        from pip._vendor import truststore
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("Disabling truststore because platform isn't supported")
+        return None
+
+    ctx = truststore.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+    ctx.load_verify_locations(certifi.where())
+    return ctx
+
+
+class SessionCommandMixin(CommandContextMixIn):
+    """
+    A class mixin for command classes needing _build_session().
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._session: Optional["PipSession"] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_index_urls(cls, options: Values) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+        """Return a list of index urls from user-provided options."""
+        index_urls = []
+        if not getattr(options, "no_index", False):
+            url = getattr(options, "index_url", None)
+            if url:
+                index_urls.append(url)
+        urls = getattr(options, "extra_index_urls", None)
+        if urls:
+            index_urls.extend(urls)
+        # Return None rather than an empty list
+        return index_urls or None
+
+    def get_default_session(self, options: Values) -> "PipSession":
+        """Get a default-managed session."""
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._session = self.enter_context(self._build_session(options))
+            # there's no type annotation on requests.Session, so it's
+            # automatically ContextManager[Any] and self._session becomes Any,
+            # then https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7696 kicks in
+            assert self._session is not None
+        return self._session
+
+    def _build_session(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        retries: Optional[int] = None,
+        timeout: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "PipSession":
+        from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+
+        cache_dir = options.cache_dir
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+
+        if "legacy-certs" not in options.deprecated_features_enabled:
+            ssl_context = _create_truststore_ssl_context()
+        else:
+            ssl_context = None
+
+        session = PipSession(
+            cache=os.path.join(cache_dir, "http-v2") if cache_dir else None,
+            retries=retries if retries is not None else options.retries,
+            trusted_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
+            index_urls=self._get_index_urls(options),
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        # Handle custom ca-bundles from the user
+        if options.cert:
+            session.verify = options.cert
+
+        # Handle SSL client certificate
+        if options.client_cert:
+            session.cert = options.client_cert
+
+        # Handle timeouts
+        if options.timeout or timeout:
+            session.timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else options.timeout
+
+        # Handle configured proxies
+        if options.proxy:
+            session.proxies = {
+                "http": options.proxy,
+                "https": options.proxy,
+            }
+            session.trust_env = False
+
+        # Determine if we can prompt the user for authentication or not
+        session.auth.prompting = not options.no_input
+        session.auth.keyring_provider = options.keyring_provider
+
+        return session
+
+
+def _pip_self_version_check(session: "PipSession", options: Values) -> None:
+    from pip._internal.self_outdated_check import pip_self_version_check as check
+
+    check(session, options)
+
+
+class IndexGroupCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for commands with the index_group options.
+
+    This also corresponds to the commands that permit the pip version check.
+    """
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        Do the pip version check if not disabled.
+
+        This overrides the default behavior of not doing the check.
+        """
+        # Make sure the index_group options are present.
+        assert hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+        if options.disable_pip_version_check or options.no_index:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # Otherwise, check if we're using the latest version of pip available.
+            session = self._build_session(
+                options,
+                retries=0,
+                timeout=min(5, options.timeout),
+            )
+            with session:
+                _pip_self_version_check(session, options)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning("There was an error checking the latest version of pip.")
+            logger.debug("See below for error", exc_info=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..563ac79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""Primary application entrypoint.
+"""
+
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import parse_command
+from pip._internal.commands import create_command
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import deprecation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Do not import and use main() directly! Using it directly is actively
+# discouraged by pip's maintainers. The name, location and behavior of
+# this function is subject to change, so calling it directly is not
+# portable across different pip versions.
+
+# In addition, running pip in-process is unsupported and unsafe. This is
+# elaborated in detail at
+# https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program.
+# That document also provides suggestions that should work for nearly
+# all users that are considering importing and using main() directly.
+
+# However, we know that certain users will still want to invoke pip
+# in-process. If you understand and accept the implications of using pip
+# in an unsupported manner, the best approach is to use runpy to avoid
+# depending on the exact location of this entry point.
+
+# The following example shows how to use runpy to invoke pip in that
+# case:
+#
+#     sys.argv = ["pip", your, args, here]
+#     runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__")
+#
+# Note that this will exit the process after running, unlike a direct
+# call to main. As it is not safe to do any processing after calling
+# main, this should not be an issue in practice.
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    if args is None:
+        args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    # Suppress the pkg_resources deprecation warning
+    # Note - we use a module of .*pkg_resources to cover
+    # the normal case (pip._vendor.pkg_resources) and the
+    # devendored case (a bare pkg_resources)
+    warnings.filterwarnings(
+        action="ignore", category=DeprecationWarning, module=".*pkg_resources"
+    )
+
+    # Configure our deprecation warnings to be sent through loggers
+    deprecation.install_warning_logger()
+
+    autocomplete()
+
+    try:
+        cmd_name, cmd_args = parse_command(args)
+    except PipError as exc:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}")
+        sys.stderr.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Needed for locale.getpreferredencoding(False) to work
+    # in pip._internal.utils.encoding.auto_decode
+    try:
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
+    except locale.Error as e:
+        # setlocale can apparently crash if locale are uninitialized
+        logger.debug("Ignoring error %s when setting locale", e)
+    command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
+
+    return command.main(cmd_args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ade356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""A single place for constructing and exposing the main parser
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import get_runnable_pip
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, get_similar_commands
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version, get_prog
+
+__all__ = ["create_main_parser", "parse_command"]
+
+
+def create_main_parser() -> ConfigOptionParser:
+    """Creates and returns the main parser for pip's CLI"""
+
+    parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+        usage="\n%prog <command> [options]",
+        add_help_option=False,
+        formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+        name="global",
+        prog=get_prog(),
+    )
+    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
+
+    parser.version = get_pip_version()
+
+    # add the general options
+    gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.general_group, parser)
+    parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+    # so the help formatter knows
+    parser.main = True  # type: ignore
+
+    # create command listing for description
+    description = [""] + [
+        f"{name:27} {command_info.summary}"
+        for name, command_info in commands_dict.items()
+    ]
+    parser.description = "\n".join(description)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def identify_python_interpreter(python: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    # If the named file exists, use it.
+    # If it's a directory, assume it's a virtual environment and
+    # look for the environment's Python executable.
+    if os.path.exists(python):
+        if os.path.isdir(python):
+            # bin/python for Unix, Scripts/python.exe for Windows
+            # Try both in case of odd cases like cygwin.
+            for exe in ("bin/python", "Scripts/python.exe"):
+                py = os.path.join(python, exe)
+                if os.path.exists(py):
+                    return py
+        else:
+            return python
+
+    # Could not find the interpreter specified
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_command(args: List[str]) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+
+    # Note: parser calls disable_interspersed_args(), so the result of this
+    # call is to split the initial args into the general options before the
+    # subcommand and everything else.
+    # For example:
+    #  args: ['--timeout=5', 'install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    #  general_options: ['--timeout==5']
+    #  args_else: ['install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    general_options, args_else = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    # --python
+    if general_options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+        # Re-invoke pip using the specified Python interpreter
+        interpreter = identify_python_interpreter(general_options.python)
+        if interpreter is None:
+            raise CommandError(
+                f"Could not locate Python interpreter {general_options.python}"
+            )
+
+        pip_cmd = [
+            interpreter,
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+        ]
+        pip_cmd.extend(args)
+
+        # Set a flag so the child doesn't re-invoke itself, causing
+        # an infinite loop.
+        os.environ["_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS"] = "1"
+        returncode = 0
+        try:
+            proc = subprocess.run(pip_cmd)
+            returncode = proc.returncode
+        except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError) as exc:
+            raise CommandError(f"Failed to run pip under {interpreter}: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(returncode)
+
+    # --version
+    if general_options.version:
+        sys.stdout.write(parser.version)
+        sys.stdout.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # pip || pip help -> print_help()
+    if not args_else or (args_else[0] == "help" and len(args_else) == 1):
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # the subcommand name
+    cmd_name = args_else[0]
+
+    if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+        guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+        msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+        if guess:
+            msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+        raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+    # all the args without the subcommand
+    cmd_args = args[:]
+    cmd_args.remove(cmd_name)
+
+    return cmd_name, cmd_args
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7d7c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+"""Base option parser setup"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import UNKNOWN_ERROR
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url, strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PrettyHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
+    """A prettier/less verbose help formatter for optparse."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        # help position must be aligned with __init__.parseopts.description
+        kwargs["max_help_position"] = 30
+        kwargs["indent_increment"] = 1
+        kwargs["width"] = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0] - 2
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def format_option_strings(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        return self._format_option_strings(option)
+
+    def _format_option_strings(
+        self, option: optparse.Option, mvarfmt: str = " <{}>", optsep: str = ", "
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comma-separated list of option strings and metavars.
+
+        :param option:  tuple of (short opt, long opt), e.g: ('-f', '--format')
+        :param mvarfmt: metavar format string
+        :param optsep:  separator
+        """
+        opts = []
+
+        if option._short_opts:
+            opts.append(option._short_opts[0])
+        if option._long_opts:
+            opts.append(option._long_opts[0])
+        if len(opts) > 1:
+            opts.insert(1, optsep)
+
+        if option.takes_value():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            metavar = option.metavar or option.dest.lower()
+            opts.append(mvarfmt.format(metavar.lower()))
+
+        return "".join(opts)
+
+    def format_heading(self, heading: str) -> str:
+        if heading == "Options":
+            return ""
+        return heading + ":\n"
+
+    def format_usage(self, usage: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Ensure there is only one newline between usage and the first heading
+        if there is no description.
+        """
+        msg = "\nUsage: {}\n".format(self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(usage), "  "))
+        return msg
+
+    def format_description(self, description: Optional[str]) -> str:
+        # leave full control over description to us
+        if description:
+            if hasattr(self.parser, "main"):
+                label = "Commands"
+            else:
+                label = "Description"
+            # some doc strings have initial newlines, some don't
+            description = description.lstrip("\n")
+            # some doc strings have final newlines and spaces, some don't
+            description = description.rstrip()
+            # dedent, then reindent
+            description = self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(description), "  ")
+            description = f"{label}:\n{description}\n"
+            return description
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def format_epilog(self, epilog: Optional[str]) -> str:
+        # leave full control over epilog to us
+        if epilog:
+            return epilog
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def indent_lines(self, text: str, indent: str) -> str:
+        new_lines = [indent + line for line in text.split("\n")]
+        return "\n".join(new_lines)
+
+
+class UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(PrettyHelpFormatter):
+    """Custom help formatter for use in ConfigOptionParser.
+
+    This is updates the defaults before expanding them, allowing
+    them to show up correctly in the help listing.
+
+    Also redact auth from url type options
+    """
+
+    def expand_default(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        default_values = None
+        if self.parser is not None:
+            assert isinstance(self.parser, ConfigOptionParser)
+            self.parser._update_defaults(self.parser.defaults)
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default_values = self.parser.defaults.get(option.dest)
+        help_text = super().expand_default(option)
+
+        if default_values and option.metavar == "URL":
+            if isinstance(default_values, str):
+                default_values = [default_values]
+
+            # If its not a list, we should abort and just return the help text
+            if not isinstance(default_values, list):
+                default_values = []
+
+            for val in default_values:
+                help_text = help_text.replace(val, redact_auth_from_url(val))
+
+        return help_text
+
+
+class CustomOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
+    def insert_option_group(
+        self, idx: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> optparse.OptionGroup:
+        """Insert an OptionGroup at a given position."""
+        group = self.add_option_group(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.option_groups.pop()
+        self.option_groups.insert(idx, group)
+
+        return group
+
+    @property
+    def option_list_all(self) -> List[optparse.Option]:
+        """Get a list of all options, including those in option groups."""
+        res = self.option_list[:]
+        for i in self.option_groups:
+            res.extend(i.option_list)
+
+        return res
+
+
+class ConfigOptionParser(CustomOptionParser):
+    """Custom option parser which updates its defaults by checking the
+    configuration files and environmental variables"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        name: str,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.config = Configuration(isolated)
+
+        assert self.name
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def check_default(self, option: optparse.Option, key: str, val: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return option.check_value(key, val)
+        except optparse.OptionValueError as exc:
+            print(f"An error occurred during configuration: {exc}")
+            sys.exit(3)
+
+    def _get_ordered_configuration_items(
+        self,
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[str, Any], None, None]:
+        # Configuration gives keys in an unordered manner. Order them.
+        override_order = ["global", self.name, ":env:"]
+
+        # Pool the options into different groups
+        section_items: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, Any]]] = {
+            name: [] for name in override_order
+        }
+        for section_key, val in self.config.items():
+            # ignore empty values
+            if not val:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring configuration key '%s' as it's value is empty.",
+                    section_key,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            section, key = section_key.split(".", 1)
+            if section in override_order:
+                section_items[section].append((key, val))
+
+        # Yield each group in their override order
+        for section in override_order:
+            for key, val in section_items[section]:
+                yield key, val
+
+    def _update_defaults(self, defaults: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Updates the given defaults with values from the config files and
+        the environ. Does a little special handling for certain types of
+        options (lists)."""
+
+        # Accumulate complex default state.
+        self.values = optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+        late_eval = set()
+        # Then set the options with those values
+        for key, val in self._get_ordered_configuration_items():
+            # '--' because configuration supports only long names
+            option = self.get_option("--" + key)
+
+            # Ignore options not present in this parser. E.g. non-globals put
+            # in [global] by users that want them to apply to all applicable
+            # commands.
+            if option is None:
+                continue
+
+            assert option.dest is not None
+
+            if option.action in ("store_true", "store_false"):
+                try:
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                except ValueError:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please specify a boolean value like yes/no, "
+                        "true/false or 1/0 instead."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "count":
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = int(val)
+                if not isinstance(val, int) or val < 0:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please instead specify either a non-negative integer "
+                        "or a boolean value like yes/no or false/true "
+                        "which is equivalent to 1/0."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "append":
+                val = val.split()
+                val = [self.check_default(option, key, v) for v in val]
+            elif option.action == "callback":
+                assert option.callback is not None
+                late_eval.add(option.dest)
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                val = option.convert_value(opt_str, val)
+                # From take_action
+                args = option.callback_args or ()
+                kwargs = option.callback_kwargs or {}
+                option.callback(option, opt_str, val, self, *args, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                val = self.check_default(option, key, val)
+
+            defaults[option.dest] = val
+
+        for key in late_eval:
+            defaults[key] = getattr(self.values, key)
+        self.values = None
+        return defaults
+
+    def get_default_values(self) -> optparse.Values:
+        """Overriding to make updating the defaults after instantiation of
+        the option parser possible, _update_defaults() does the dirty work."""
+        if not self.process_default_values:
+            # Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
+            return optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+
+        # Load the configuration, or error out in case of an error
+        try:
+            self.config.load()
+        except ConfigurationError as err:
+            self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, str(err))
+
+        defaults = self._update_defaults(self.defaults.copy())  # ours
+        for option in self._get_all_options():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default = defaults.get(option.dest)
+            if isinstance(default, str):
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
+        return optparse.Values(defaults)
+
+    def error(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+        self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, f"{msg}\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..883359c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import functools
+import sys
+from typing import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.progress import (
+    BarColumn,
+    DownloadColumn,
+    FileSizeColumn,
+    Progress,
+    ProgressColumn,
+    SpinnerColumn,
+    TextColumn,
+    TimeElapsedColumn,
+    TimeRemainingColumn,
+    TransferSpeedColumn,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import RateLimiter
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+DownloadProgressRenderer = Callable[[Iterable[bytes]], Iterator[bytes]]
+
+
+def _rich_progress_bar(
+    iterable: Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    bar_type: str,
+    size: int,
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    assert bar_type == "on", "This should only be used in the default mode."
+
+    if not size:
+        total = float("inf")
+        columns: Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...] = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            SpinnerColumn("line", speed=1.5),
+            FileSizeColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        )
+    else:
+        total = size
+        columns = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TextColumn("eta"),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    progress = Progress(*columns, refresh_per_second=5)
+    task_id = progress.add_task(" " * (get_indentation() + 2), total=total)
+    with progress:
+        for chunk in iterable:
+            yield chunk
+            progress.update(task_id, advance=len(chunk))
+
+
+def _raw_progress_bar(
+    iterable: Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    size: Optional[int],
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    def write_progress(current: int, total: int) -> None:
+        sys.stdout.write("Progress %d of %d\n" % (current, total))
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    current = 0
+    total = size or 0
+    rate_limiter = RateLimiter(0.25)
+
+    write_progress(current, total)
+    for chunk in iterable:
+        current += len(chunk)
+        if rate_limiter.ready() or current == total:
+            write_progress(current, total)
+            rate_limiter.reset()
+        yield chunk
+
+
+def get_download_progress_renderer(
+    *, bar_type: str, size: Optional[int] = None
+) -> DownloadProgressRenderer:
+    """Get an object that can be used to render the download progress.
+
+    Returns a callable, that takes an iterable to "wrap".
+    """
+    if bar_type == "on":
+        return functools.partial(_rich_progress_bar, bar_type=bar_type, size=size)
+    elif bar_type == "raw":
+        return functools.partial(_raw_progress_bar, size=size)
+    else:
+        return iter  # no-op, when passed an iterator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92900f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+"""Contains the RequirementCommand base class.
+
+This class is in a separate module so the commands that do not always
+need PackageFinder capability don't unnecessarily import the
+PackageFinder machinery and all its vendored dependencies, etc.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.index_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.index_command import SessionCommandMixin as SessionCommandMixin
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+    install_req_from_req_string,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
+    TempDirectory,
+    TempDirectoryTypeRegistry,
+    tempdir_kinds,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES = [
+    tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV,
+    tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+    tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+]
+
+
+def with_cleanup(func: Any) -> Any:
+    """Decorator for common logic related to managing temporary
+    directories.
+    """
+
+    def configure_tempdir_registry(registry: TempDirectoryTypeRegistry) -> None:
+        for t in KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES:
+            registry.set_delete(t, False)
+
+    def wrapper(
+        self: RequirementCommand, options: Values, args: List[Any]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        assert self.tempdir_registry is not None
+        if options.no_clean:
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+
+        try:
+            return func(self, options, args)
+        except PreviousBuildDirError:
+            # This kind of conflict can occur when the user passes an explicit
+            # build directory with a pre-existing folder. In that case we do
+            # not want to accidentally remove it.
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class RequirementCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_clean())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def determine_resolver_variant(options: Values) -> str:
+        """Determines which resolver should be used, based on the given options."""
+        if "legacy-resolver" in options.deprecated_features_enabled:
+            return "legacy"
+
+        return "resolvelib"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_requirement_preparer(
+        cls,
+        temp_build_dir: TempDirectory,
+        options: Values,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        verbosity: int = 0,
+    ) -> RequirementPreparer:
+        """
+        Create a RequirementPreparer instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        temp_build_dir_path = temp_build_dir.path
+        assert temp_build_dir_path is not None
+        legacy_resolver = False
+
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            lazy_wheel = "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled
+            if lazy_wheel:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "pip is using lazily downloaded wheels using HTTP "
+                    "range requests to obtain dependency information. "
+                    "This experimental feature is enabled through "
+                    "--use-feature=fast-deps and it is not ready for "
+                    "production."
+                )
+        else:
+            legacy_resolver = True
+            lazy_wheel = False
+            if "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "fast-deps has no effect when used with the legacy resolver."
+                )
+
+        return RequirementPreparer(
+            build_dir=temp_build_dir_path,
+            src_dir=options.src_dir,
+            download_dir=download_dir,
+            build_isolation=options.build_isolation,
+            check_build_deps=options.check_build_deps,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            progress_bar=options.progress_bar,
+            finder=finder,
+            require_hashes=options.require_hashes,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            lazy_wheel=lazy_wheel,
+            verbosity=verbosity,
+            legacy_resolver=legacy_resolver,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_resolver(
+        cls,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        options: Values,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache] = None,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        ignore_installed: bool = True,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+        force_reinstall: bool = False,
+        upgrade_strategy: str = "to-satisfy-only",
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> BaseResolver:
+        """
+        Create a Resolver instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        make_install_req = partial(
+            install_req_from_req_string,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        )
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        # The long import name and duplicated invocation is needed to convince
+        # Mypy into correctly typechecking. Otherwise it would complain the
+        # "Resolver" class being redefined.
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            import pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver
+
+            return pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver.Resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                make_install_req=make_install_req,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+                ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                py_version_info=py_version_info,
+            )
+        import pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver
+
+        return pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver.Resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+
+    def get_requirements(
+        self,
+        args: List[str],
+        options: Values,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        session: PipSession,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """
+        Parse command-line arguments into the corresponding requirements.
+        """
+        requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for filename in options.constraints:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename,
+                constraint=True,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    user_supplied=False,
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in args:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_line(
+                req,
+                comes_from=None,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in options.editables:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_editable(
+                req,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # NOTE: options.require_hashes may be set if --require-hashes is True
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, finder=finder, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                    user_supplied=True,
+                    config_settings=(
+                        parsed_req.options.get("config_settings")
+                        if parsed_req.options
+                        else None
+                    ),
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # If any requirement has hash options, enable hash checking.
+        if any(req.has_hash_options for req in requirements):
+            options.require_hashes = True
+
+        if not (args or options.editables or options.requirements):
+            opts = {"name": self.name}
+            if options.find_links:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(maybe you meant "pip {name} {links}"?)'.format(
+                        **dict(opts, links=" ".join(options.find_links))
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(see "pip help {name}")'.format(**opts)
+                )
+
+        return requirements
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def trace_basic_info(finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        """
+        Trace basic information about the provided objects.
+        """
+        # Display where finder is looking for packages
+        search_scope = finder.search_scope
+        locations = search_scope.get_formatted_locations()
+        if locations:
+            logger.info(locations)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this requirement command.
+
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=True,
+            format_control=options.format_control,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            prefer_binary=options.prefer_binary,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf2b976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import contextlib
+import itertools
+import logging
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import IO, Generator, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SpinnerInterface:
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class InteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        spin_chars: str = "-\\|/",
+        # Empirically, 8 updates/second looks nice
+        min_update_interval_seconds: float = 0.125,
+    ):
+        self._message = message
+        if file is None:
+            file = sys.stdout
+        self._file = file
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._finished = False
+
+        self._spin_cycle = itertools.cycle(spin_chars)
+
+        self._file.write(" " * get_indentation() + self._message + " ... ")
+        self._width = 0
+
+    def _write(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        # Erase what we wrote before by backspacing to the beginning, writing
+        # spaces to overwrite the old text, and then backspacing again
+        backup = "\b" * self._width
+        self._file.write(backup + " " * self._width + backup)
+        # Now we have a blank slate to add our status
+        self._file.write(status)
+        self._width = len(status)
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._write(next(self._spin_cycle))
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._write(final_status)
+        self._file.write("\n")
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+# Used for dumb terminals, non-interactive installs (no tty), etc.
+# We still print updates occasionally (once every 60 seconds by default) to
+# act as a keep-alive for systems like Travis-CI that take lack-of-output as
+# an indication that a task has frozen.
+class NonInteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, min_update_interval_seconds: float = 60.0) -> None:
+        self._message = message
+        self._finished = False
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._update("started")
+
+    def _update(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+        logger.info("%s: %s", self._message, status)
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._update("still running...")
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._update(f"finished with status '{final_status}'")
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self, min_update_interval_seconds: float) -> None:
+        self._min_update_interval_seconds = min_update_interval_seconds
+        self._last_update: float = 0
+
+    def ready(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.time()
+        delta = now - self._last_update
+        return delta >= self._min_update_interval_seconds
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_update = time.time()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def open_spinner(message: str) -> Generator[SpinnerInterface, None, None]:
+    # Interactive spinner goes directly to sys.stdout rather than being routed
+    # through the logging system, but it acts like it has level INFO,
+    # i.e. it's only displayed if we're at level INFO or better.
+    # Non-interactive spinner goes through the logging system, so it is always
+    # in sync with logging configuration.
+    if sys.stdout.isatty() and logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.INFO:
+        spinner: SpinnerInterface = InteractiveSpinner(message)
+    else:
+        spinner = NonInteractiveSpinner(message)
+    try:
+        with hidden_cursor(sys.stdout):
+            yield spinner
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        spinner.finish("canceled")
+        raise
+    except Exception:
+        spinner.finish("error")
+        raise
+    else:
+        spinner.finish("done")
+
+
+HIDE_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25l"
+SHOW_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25h"
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def hidden_cursor(file: IO[str]) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    # The Windows terminal does not support the hide/show cursor ANSI codes,
+    # even via colorama. So don't even try.
+    if WINDOWS:
+        yield
+    # We don't want to clutter the output with control characters if we're
+    # writing to a file, or if the user is running with --quiet.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3418
+    elif not file.isatty() or logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        yield
+    else:
+        file.write(HIDE_CURSOR)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            file.write(SHOW_CURSOR)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e29502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR = 1
+UNKNOWN_ERROR = 2
+VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND = 3
+PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR = 4
+NO_MATCHES_FOUND = 23
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..858a410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""
+Package containing all pip commands
+"""
+
+import importlib
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+
+CommandInfo = namedtuple("CommandInfo", "module_path, class_name, summary")
+
+# This dictionary does a bunch of heavy lifting for help output:
+# - Enables avoiding additional (costly) imports for presenting `--help`.
+# - The ordering matters for help display.
+#
+# Even though the module path starts with the same "pip._internal.commands"
+# prefix, the full path makes testing easier (specifically when modifying
+# `commands_dict` in test setup / teardown).
+commands_dict: Dict[str, CommandInfo] = {
+    "install": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.install",
+        "InstallCommand",
+        "Install packages.",
+    ),
+    "download": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.download",
+        "DownloadCommand",
+        "Download packages.",
+    ),
+    "uninstall": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.uninstall",
+        "UninstallCommand",
+        "Uninstall packages.",
+    ),
+    "freeze": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.freeze",
+        "FreezeCommand",
+        "Output installed packages in requirements format.",
+    ),
+    "inspect": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.inspect",
+        "InspectCommand",
+        "Inspect the python environment.",
+    ),
+    "list": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.list",
+        "ListCommand",
+        "List installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "show": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.show",
+        "ShowCommand",
+        "Show information about installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "check": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.check",
+        "CheckCommand",
+        "Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.",
+    ),
+    "config": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.configuration",
+        "ConfigurationCommand",
+        "Manage local and global configuration.",
+    ),
+    "search": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.search",
+        "SearchCommand",
+        "Search PyPI for packages.",
+    ),
+    "cache": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.cache",
+        "CacheCommand",
+        "Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.",
+    ),
+    "index": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.index",
+        "IndexCommand",
+        "Inspect information available from package indexes.",
+    ),
+    "wheel": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.wheel",
+        "WheelCommand",
+        "Build wheels from your requirements.",
+    ),
+    "hash": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.hash",
+        "HashCommand",
+        "Compute hashes of package archives.",
+    ),
+    "completion": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.completion",
+        "CompletionCommand",
+        "A helper command used for command completion.",
+    ),
+    "debug": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.debug",
+        "DebugCommand",
+        "Show information useful for debugging.",
+    ),
+    "help": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.help",
+        "HelpCommand",
+        "Show help for commands.",
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def create_command(name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Command:
+    """
+    Create an instance of the Command class with the given name.
+    """
+    module_path, class_name, summary = commands_dict[name]
+    module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+    command_class = getattr(module, class_name)
+    command = command_class(name=name, summary=summary, **kwargs)
+
+    return command
+
+
+def get_similar_commands(name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Command name auto-correct."""
+    from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+    name = name.lower()
+
+    close_commands = get_close_matches(name, commands_dict.keys())
+
+    if close_commands:
+        return close_commands[0]
+    else:
+        return None
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3283361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import os
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import filesystem
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CacheCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - dir: Show the cache directory.
+    - info: Show information about the cache.
+    - list: List filenames of packages stored in the cache.
+    - remove: Remove one or more package from the cache.
+    - purge: Remove all items from the cache.
+
+    ``<pattern>`` can be a glob expression or a package name.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog dir
+        %prog info
+        %prog list [<pattern>] [--format=[human, abspath]]
+        %prog remove <pattern>
+        %prog purge
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="human",
+            choices=("human", "abspath"),
+            help="Select the output format among: human (default) or abspath",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "dir": self.get_cache_dir,
+            "info": self.get_cache_info,
+            "list": self.list_cache_items,
+            "remove": self.remove_cache_items,
+            "purge": self.purge_cache,
+        }
+
+        if not options.cache_dir:
+            logger.error("pip cache commands can not function since cache is disabled.")
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_cache_dir(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        logger.info(options.cache_dir)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        num_http_files = len(self._find_http_files(options))
+        num_packages = len(self._find_wheels(options, "*"))
+
+        http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        old_http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        wheels_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+        http_cache_size = filesystem.format_size(
+            filesystem.directory_size(http_cache_location)
+            + filesystem.directory_size(old_http_cache_location)
+        )
+        wheels_cache_size = filesystem.format_directory_size(wheels_cache_location)
+
+        message = (
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                    Package index page cache location (pip v23.3+): {http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache location (older pips): {old_http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache size: {http_cache_size}
+                    Number of HTTP files: {num_http_files}
+                    Locally built wheels location: {wheels_cache_location}
+                    Locally built wheels size: {wheels_cache_size}
+                    Number of locally built wheels: {package_count}
+                """  # noqa: E501
+            )
+            .format(
+                http_cache_location=http_cache_location,
+                old_http_cache_location=old_http_cache_location,
+                http_cache_size=http_cache_size,
+                num_http_files=num_http_files,
+                wheels_cache_location=wheels_cache_location,
+                package_count=num_packages,
+                wheels_cache_size=wheels_cache_size,
+            )
+            .strip()
+        )
+
+        logger.info(message)
+
+    def list_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if args:
+            pattern = args[0]
+        else:
+            pattern = "*"
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, pattern)
+        if options.list_format == "human":
+            self.format_for_human(files)
+        else:
+            self.format_for_abspath(files)
+
+    def format_for_human(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if not files:
+            logger.info("No locally built wheels cached.")
+            return
+
+        results = []
+        for filename in files:
+            wheel = os.path.basename(filename)
+            size = filesystem.format_file_size(filename)
+            results.append(f" - {wheel} ({size})")
+        logger.info("Cache contents:\n")
+        logger.info("\n".join(sorted(results)))
+
+    def format_for_abspath(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if files:
+            logger.info("\n".join(sorted(files)))
+
+    def remove_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Please provide a pattern")
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, args[0])
+
+        no_matching_msg = "No matching packages"
+        if args[0] == "*":
+            # Only fetch http files if no specific pattern given
+            files += self._find_http_files(options)
+        else:
+            # Add the pattern to the log message
+            no_matching_msg += f' for pattern "{args[0]}"'
+
+        if not files:
+            logger.warning(no_matching_msg)
+
+        for filename in files:
+            os.unlink(filename)
+            logger.verbose("Removed %s", filename)
+        logger.info("Files removed: %s", len(files))
+
+    def purge_cache(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        return self.remove_cache_items(options, ["*"])
+
+    def _cache_dir(self, options: Values, subdir: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.join(options.cache_dir, subdir)
+
+    def _find_http_files(self, options: Values) -> List[str]:
+        old_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        new_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        return filesystem.find_files(old_http_dir, "*") + filesystem.find_files(
+            new_http_dir, "*"
+        )
+
+    def _find_wheels(self, options: Values, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+        wheel_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+
+        # The wheel filename format, as specified in PEP 427, is:
+        #     {distribution}-{version}(-{build})?-{python}-{abi}-{platform}.whl
+        #
+        # Additionally, non-alphanumeric values in the distribution are
+        # normalized to underscores (_), meaning hyphens can never occur
+        # before `-{version}`.
+        #
+        # Given that information:
+        # - If the pattern we're given contains a hyphen (-), the user is
+        #   providing at least the version. Thus, we can just append `*.whl`
+        #   to match the rest of it.
+        # - If the pattern we're given doesn't contain a hyphen (-), the
+        #   user is only providing the name. Thus, we append `-*.whl` to
+        #   match the hyphen before the version, followed by anything else.
+        #
+        # PEP 427: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0427/
+        pattern = pattern + ("*.whl" if "-" in pattern else "-*.whl")
+
+        return filesystem.find_files(wheel_dir, pattern)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f54a16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.operations.check import (
+    check_package_set,
+    check_unsupported,
+    create_package_set_from_installed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CheckCommand(Command):
+    """Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies."""
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        package_set, parsing_probs = create_package_set_from_installed()
+        missing, conflicting = check_package_set(package_set)
+        unsupported = list(
+            check_unsupported(
+                get_default_environment().iter_installed_distributions(),
+                get_supported(),
+            )
+        )
+
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s requires %s, which is not installed.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    dependency[0],
+                )
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s has requirement %s, but you have %s %s.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    req,
+                    dep_name,
+                    dep_version,
+                )
+        for package in unsupported:
+            write_output(
+                "%s %s is not supported on this platform",
+                package.raw_name,
+                package.version,
+            )
+        if missing or conflicting or parsing_probs or unsupported:
+            return ERROR
+        else:
+            write_output("No broken requirements found.")
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e89e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog
+
+BASE_COMPLETION = """
+# pip {shell} completion start{script}# pip {shell} completion end
+"""
+
+COMPLETION_SCRIPTS = {
+    "bash": """
+        _pip_completion()
+        {{
+            COMPREPLY=( $( COMP_WORDS="${{COMP_WORDS[*]}}" \\
+                           COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
+                           PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $1 2>/dev/null ) )
+        }}
+        complete -o default -F _pip_completion {prog}
+    """,
+    "zsh": """
+        #compdef -P pip[0-9.]#
+        __pip() {{
+          compadd $( COMP_WORDS="$words[*]" \\
+                     COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\
+                     PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $words[1] 2>/dev/null )
+        }}
+        if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+          # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+          __pip "$@"
+        else
+          # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+          compdef __pip -P 'pip[0-9.]#'
+        fi
+    """,
+    "fish": """
+        function __fish_complete_pip
+            set -lx COMP_WORDS (commandline -o) ""
+            set -lx COMP_CWORD ( \\
+                math (contains -i -- (commandline -t) $COMP_WORDS)-1 \\
+            )
+            set -lx PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE 1
+            string split \\  -- (eval $COMP_WORDS[1])
+        end
+        complete -fa "(__fish_complete_pip)" -c {prog}
+    """,
+    "powershell": """
+        if ((Test-Path Function:\\TabExpansion) -and -not `
+            (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup)) {{
+            Rename-Item Function:\\TabExpansion _pip_completeBackup
+        }}
+        function TabExpansion($line, $lastWord) {{
+            $lastBlock = [regex]::Split($line, '[|;]')[-1].TrimStart()
+            if ($lastBlock.StartsWith("{prog} ")) {{
+                $Env:COMP_WORDS=$lastBlock
+                $Env:COMP_CWORD=$lastBlock.Split().Length - 1
+                $Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1
+                (& {prog}).Split()
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_WORDS
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_CWORD
+                Remove-Item Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE
+            }}
+            elseif (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup) {{
+                # Fall back on existing tab expansion
+                _pip_completeBackup $line $lastWord
+            }}
+        }}
+    """,
+}
+
+
+class CompletionCommand(Command):
+    """A helper command to be used for command completion."""
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--bash",
+            "-b",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="bash",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for bash",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--zsh",
+            "-z",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="zsh",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for zsh",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--fish",
+            "-f",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="fish",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for fish",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--powershell",
+            "-p",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="powershell",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for powershell",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        """Prints the completion code of the given shell"""
+        shells = COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.keys()
+        shell_options = ["--" + shell for shell in sorted(shells)]
+        if options.shell in shells:
+            script = textwrap.dedent(
+                COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.get(options.shell, "").format(prog=get_prog())
+            )
+            print(BASE_COMPLETION.format(script=script, shell=options.shell))
+            return SUCCESS
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "ERROR: You must pass {}\n".format(" or ".join(shell_options))
+            )
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1dc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import subprocess
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import (
+    Configuration,
+    Kind,
+    get_configuration_files,
+    kinds,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConfigurationCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Manage local and global configuration.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - list: List the active configuration (or from the file specified)
+    - edit: Edit the configuration file in an editor
+    - get: Get the value associated with command.option
+    - set: Set the command.option=value
+    - unset: Unset the value associated with command.option
+    - debug: List the configuration files and values defined under them
+
+    Configuration keys should be dot separated command and option name,
+    with the special prefix "global" affecting any command. For example,
+    "pip config set global.index-url https://example.org/" would configure
+    the index url for all commands, but "pip config set download.timeout 10"
+    would configure a 10 second timeout only for "pip download" commands.
+
+    If none of --user, --global and --site are passed, a virtual
+    environment configuration file is used if one is active and the file
+    exists. Otherwise, all modifications happen to the user file by
+    default.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog [<file-option>] list
+        %prog [<file-option>] [--editor <editor-path>] edit
+
+        %prog [<file-option>] get command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] set command.option value
+        %prog [<file-option>] unset command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] debug
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--editor",
+            dest="editor",
+            action="store",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Editor to use to edit the file. Uses VISUAL or EDITOR "
+                "environment variables if not provided."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--global",
+            dest="global_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the system-wide configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the user configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--site",
+            dest="site_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the current environment configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "list": self.list_values,
+            "edit": self.open_in_editor,
+            "get": self.get_name,
+            "set": self.set_name_value,
+            "unset": self.unset_name,
+            "debug": self.list_config_values,
+        }
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Determine which configuration files are to be loaded
+        #    Depends on whether the command is modifying.
+        try:
+            load_only = self._determine_file(
+                options, need_value=(action in ["get", "set", "unset", "edit"])
+            )
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Load a new configuration
+        self.configuration = Configuration(
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode, load_only=load_only
+        )
+        self.configuration.load()
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _determine_file(self, options: Values, need_value: bool) -> Optional[Kind]:
+        file_options = [
+            key
+            for key, value in (
+                (kinds.USER, options.user_file),
+                (kinds.GLOBAL, options.global_file),
+                (kinds.SITE, options.site_file),
+            )
+            if value
+        ]
+
+        if not file_options:
+            if not need_value:
+                return None
+            # Default to user, unless there's a site file.
+            elif any(
+                os.path.exists(site_config_file)
+                for site_config_file in get_configuration_files()[kinds.SITE]
+            ):
+                return kinds.SITE
+            else:
+                return kinds.USER
+        elif len(file_options) == 1:
+            return file_options[0]
+
+        raise PipError(
+            "Need exactly one file to operate upon "
+            "(--user, --site, --global) to perform."
+        )
+
+    def list_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        self._get_n_args(args, "list", n=0)
+
+        for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.items()):
+            write_output("%s=%r", key, value)
+
+    def get_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "get [name]", n=1)
+        value = self.configuration.get_value(key)
+
+        write_output("%s", value)
+
+    def set_name_value(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key, value = self._get_n_args(args, "set [name] [value]", n=2)
+        self.configuration.set_value(key, value)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def unset_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "unset [name]", n=1)
+        self.configuration.unset_value(key)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def list_config_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        """List config key-value pairs across different config files"""
+        self._get_n_args(args, "debug", n=0)
+
+        self.print_env_var_values()
+        # Iterate over config files and print if they exist, and the
+        # key-value pairs present in them if they do
+        for variant, files in sorted(self.configuration.iter_config_files()):
+            write_output("%s:", variant)
+            for fname in files:
+                with indent_log():
+                    file_exists = os.path.exists(fname)
+                    write_output("%s, exists: %r", fname, file_exists)
+                    if file_exists:
+                        self.print_config_file_values(variant)
+
+    def print_config_file_values(self, variant: Kind) -> None:
+        """Get key-value pairs from the file of a variant"""
+        for name, value in self.configuration.get_values_in_config(variant).items():
+            with indent_log():
+                write_output("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+    def print_env_var_values(self) -> None:
+        """Get key-values pairs present as environment variables"""
+        write_output("%s:", "env_var")
+        with indent_log():
+            for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.get_environ_vars()):
+                env_var = f"PIP_{key.upper()}"
+                write_output("%s=%r", env_var, value)
+
+    def open_in_editor(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        editor = self._determine_editor(options)
+
+        fname = self.configuration.get_file_to_edit()
+        if fname is None:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine appropriate file.")
+        elif '"' in fname:
+            # This shouldn't happen, unless we see a username like that.
+            # If that happens, we'd appreciate a pull request fixing this.
+            raise PipError(
+                f'Can not open an editor for a file name containing "\n{fname}'
+            )
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(f'{editor} "{fname}"', shell=True)
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            if not e.filename:
+                e.filename = editor
+            raise
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise PipError(f"Editor Subprocess exited with exit code {e.returncode}")
+
+    def _get_n_args(self, args: List[str], example: str, n: int) -> Any:
+        """Helper to make sure the command got the right number of arguments"""
+        if len(args) != n:
+            msg = (
+                f"Got unexpected number of arguments, expected {n}. "
+                f'(example: "{get_prog()} config {example}")'
+            )
+            raise PipError(msg)
+
+        if n == 1:
+            return args[0]
+        else:
+            return args
+
+    def _save_configuration(self) -> None:
+        # We successfully ran a modifying command. Need to save the
+        # configuration.
+        try:
+            self.configuration.save()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Unable to save configuration. Please report this as a bug."
+            )
+            raise PipError("Internal Error.")
+
+    def _determine_editor(self, options: Values) -> str:
+        if options.editor is not None:
+            return options.editor
+        elif "VISUAL" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["VISUAL"]
+        elif "EDITOR" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["EDITOR"]
+        else:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine editor to use.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..567ca96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+import pip._vendor
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import open_text_resource
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def show_value(name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+
+def show_sys_implementation() -> None:
+    logger.info("sys.implementation:")
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    with indent_log():
+        show_value("name", implementation_name)
+
+
+def create_vendor_txt_map() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    with open_text_resource("pip._vendor", "vendor.txt") as f:
+        # Purge non version specifying lines.
+        # Also, remove any space prefix or suffixes (including comments).
+        lines = [
+            line.strip().split(" ", 1)[0] for line in f.readlines() if "==" in line
+        ]
+
+    # Transform into "module" -> version dict.
+    return dict(line.split("==", 1) for line in lines)
+
+
+def get_module_from_module_name(module_name: str) -> Optional[ModuleType]:
+    # Module name can be uppercase in vendor.txt for some reason...
+    module_name = module_name.lower().replace("-", "_")
+    # PATCH: setuptools is actually only pkg_resources.
+    if module_name == "setuptools":
+        module_name = "pkg_resources"
+
+    try:
+        __import__(f"pip._vendor.{module_name}", globals(), locals(), level=0)
+        return getattr(pip._vendor, module_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We allow 'truststore' to fail to import due
+        # to being unavailable on Python 3.9 and earlier.
+        if module_name == "truststore" and sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+            return None
+        raise
+
+
+def get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    module = get_module_from_module_name(module_name)
+    version = getattr(module, "__version__", None)
+
+    if module and not version:
+        # Try to find version in debundled module info.
+        assert module.__file__ is not None
+        env = get_environment([os.path.dirname(module.__file__)])
+        dist = env.get_distribution(module_name)
+        if dist:
+            version = str(dist.version)
+
+    return version
+
+
+def show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Log the actual version and print extra info if there is
+    a conflict or if the actual version could not be imported.
+    """
+    for module_name, expected_version in vendor_txt_versions.items():
+        extra_message = ""
+        actual_version = get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name)
+        if not actual_version:
+            extra_message = (
+                " (Unable to locate actual module version, using"
+                " vendor.txt specified version)"
+            )
+            actual_version = expected_version
+        elif parse_version(actual_version) != parse_version(expected_version):
+            extra_message = (
+                " (CONFLICT: vendor.txt suggests version should"
+                f" be {expected_version})"
+            )
+        logger.info("%s==%s%s", module_name, actual_version, extra_message)
+
+
+def show_vendor_versions() -> None:
+    logger.info("vendored library versions:")
+
+    vendor_txt_versions = create_vendor_txt_map()
+    with indent_log():
+        show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions)
+
+
+def show_tags(options: Values) -> None:
+    tag_limit = 10
+
+    target_python = make_target_python(options)
+    tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+    # Display the target options that were explicitly provided.
+    formatted_target = target_python.format_given()
+    suffix = ""
+    if formatted_target:
+        suffix = f" (target: {formatted_target})"
+
+    msg = f"Compatible tags: {len(tags)}{suffix}"
+    logger.info(msg)
+
+    if options.verbose < 1 and len(tags) > tag_limit:
+        tags_limited = True
+        tags = tags[:tag_limit]
+    else:
+        tags_limited = False
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for tag in tags:
+            logger.info(str(tag))
+
+        if tags_limited:
+            msg = f"...\n[First {tag_limit} tags shown. Pass --verbose to show all.]"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+
+def ca_bundle_info(config: Configuration) -> str:
+    levels = {key.split(".", 1)[0] for key, _ in config.items()}
+    if not levels:
+        return "Not specified"
+
+    levels_that_override_global = ["install", "wheel", "download"]
+    global_overriding_level = [
+        level for level in levels if level in levels_that_override_global
+    ]
+    if not global_overriding_level:
+        return "global"
+
+    if "global" in levels:
+        levels.remove("global")
+    return ", ".join(levels)
+
+
+class DebugCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Display debug information.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <options>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.config.load()
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        logger.warning(
+            "This command is only meant for debugging. "
+            "Do not use this with automation for parsing and getting these "
+            "details, since the output and options of this command may "
+            "change without notice."
+        )
+        show_value("pip version", get_pip_version())
+        show_value("sys.version", sys.version)
+        show_value("sys.executable", sys.executable)
+        show_value("sys.getdefaultencoding", sys.getdefaultencoding())
+        show_value("sys.getfilesystemencoding", sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        show_value(
+            "locale.getpreferredencoding",
+            locale.getpreferredencoding(),
+        )
+        show_value("sys.platform", sys.platform)
+        show_sys_implementation()
+
+        show_value("'cert' config value", ca_bundle_info(self.parser.config))
+        show_value("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("CURL_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("pip._vendor.certifi.where()", where())
+        show_value("pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED", pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED)
+
+        show_vendor_versions()
+
+        show_tags(options)
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917bbb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import check_legacy_setup_py_options
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path, write_output
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DownloadCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Download packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports downloading from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be downloaded.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-d",
+            "--dest",
+            "--destination-dir",
+            "--destination-directory",
+            dest="download_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help="Download packages into <dir>.",
+        )
+
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        options.ignore_installed = True
+        # editable doesn't really make sense for `pip download`, but the bowels
+        # of the RequirementSet code require that property.
+        options.editables = []
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options)
+
+        options.download_dir = normalize_path(options.download_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.download_dir)
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="download",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.download_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        downloaded: List[str] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.satisfied_by is None:
+                assert req.name is not None
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+                downloaded.append(req.name)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+
+        if downloaded:
+            write_output("Successfully downloaded %s", " ".join(downloaded))
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..885fdfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import AbstractSet, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+
+
+def _should_suppress_build_backends() -> bool:
+    return sys.version_info < (3, 12)
+
+
+def _dev_pkgs() -> AbstractSet[str]:
+    pkgs = {"pip"}
+
+    if _should_suppress_build_backends():
+        pkgs |= {"setuptools", "distribute", "wheel"}
+
+    return pkgs
+
+
+class FreezeCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Output installed packages in requirements format.
+
+    packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+    log_streams = ("ext://sys.stderr", "ext://sys.stderr")
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Use the order in the given requirements file and its "
+                "comments when generating output. This option can be "
+                "used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            dest="local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not output "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--all",
+            dest="freeze_all",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Do not skip these packages in the output:"
+                " {}".format(", ".join(_dev_pkgs()))
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            dest="exclude_editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if not options.freeze_all:
+            skip.update(_dev_pkgs())
+
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(options.excludes)
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        for line in freeze(
+            requirement=options.requirements,
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            paths=options.path,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            skip=skip,
+            exclude_editable=options.exclude_editable,
+        ):
+            sys.stdout.write(line + "\n")
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042dac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH, STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class HashCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Compute a hash of a local package archive.
+
+    These can be used with --hash in a requirements file to do repeatable
+    installs.
+    """
+
+    usage = "%prog [options] <file> ..."
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-a",
+            "--algorithm",
+            dest="algorithm",
+            choices=STRONG_HASHES,
+            action="store",
+            default=FAVORITE_HASH,
+            help="The hash algorithm to use: one of {}".format(
+                ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            ),
+        )
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            self.parser.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+            return ERROR
+
+        algorithm = options.algorithm
+        for path in args:
+            write_output(
+                "%s:\n--hash=%s:%s", path, algorithm, _hash_of_file(path, algorithm)
+            )
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+def _hash_of_file(path: str, algorithm: str) -> str:
+    """Return the hash digest of a file."""
+    with open(path, "rb") as archive:
+        hash = hashlib.new(algorithm)
+        for chunk in read_chunks(archive):
+            hash.update(chunk)
+    return hash.hexdigest()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6206631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class HelpCommand(Command):
+    """Show help for commands"""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <command>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        from pip._internal.commands import (
+            commands_dict,
+            create_command,
+            get_similar_commands,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # 'pip help' with no args is handled by pip.__init__.parseopt()
+            cmd_name = args[0]  # the command we need help for
+        except IndexError:
+            return SUCCESS
+
+        if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+            guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+            msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+            if guess:
+                msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+            raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+        command = create_command(cmd_name)
+        command.parser.print_help()
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e2661b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.commands.search import print_dist_installation_info
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, DistributionNotFound, PipError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class IndexCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    Inspect information available from package indexes.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog versions <package>
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "versions": self.get_available_package_versions,
+        }
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "pip index is currently an experimental command. "
+            "It may be removed/changed in a future release "
+            "without prior warning."
+        )
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to the index command.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
+
+    def get_available_package_versions(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            raise CommandError("You need to specify exactly one argument")
+
+        target_python = cmdoptions.make_target_python(options)
+        query = args[0]
+
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+                target_python=target_python,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            )
+
+            versions: Iterable[Version] = (
+                candidate.version for candidate in finder.find_all_candidates(query)
+            )
+
+            if not options.pre:
+                # Remove prereleases
+                versions = (
+                    version for version in versions if not version.is_prerelease
+                )
+            versions = set(versions)
+
+            if not versions:
+                raise DistributionNotFound(
+                    f"No matching distribution found for {query}"
+                )
+
+            formatted_versions = [str(ver) for ver in sorted(versions, reverse=True)]
+            latest = formatted_versions[0]
+
+        write_output(f"{query} ({latest})")
+        write_output("Available versions: {}".format(", ".join(formatted_versions)))
+        print_dist_installation_info(query, latest)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e810c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InspectCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect the content of a Python environment and produce a report in JSON format.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+        dists = get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            skip=set(stdlib_pkgs),
+        )
+        output = {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "installed": [self._dist_to_dict(dist) for dist in dists],
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+            # TODO tags? scheme?
+        }
+        print_json(data=output)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _dist_to_dict(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "metadata": dist.metadata_dict,
+            "metadata_location": dist.info_location,
+        }
+        # direct_url. Note that we don't have download_info (as in the installation
+        # report) since it is not recorded in installed metadata.
+        direct_url = dist.direct_url
+        if direct_url is not None:
+            res["direct_url"] = direct_url.to_dict()
+        else:
+            # Emulate direct_url for legacy editable installs.
+            editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+            if editable_project_location is not None:
+                res["direct_url"] = {
+                    "url": path_to_url(editable_project_location),
+                    "dir_info": {
+                        "editable": True,
+                    },
+                }
+        # installer
+        installer = dist.installer
+        if dist.installer:
+            res["installer"] = installer
+        # requested
+        if dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            res["requested"] = dist.requested
+        return res
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad45a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+import errno
+import json
+import operator
+import os
+import shutil
+import site
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Values
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
+    RequirementCommand,
+    with_cleanup,
+)
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.installation_report import InstallationReport
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.operations.check import ConflictDetails, check_install_conflicts
+from pip._internal.req import install_given_reqs
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import test_writable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    ensure_dir,
+    get_pip_version,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+    warn_if_run_as_root,
+    write_output,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_install_command
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Install packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="dry_run",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Don't actually install anything, just print what would be. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-t",
+            "--target",
+            dest="target_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Install packages into <dir>. "
+                "By default this will not replace existing files/folders in "
+                "<dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> "
+                "with new versions."
+            ),
+        )
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Install to the Python user install directory for your "
+                "platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\\Python on "
+                "Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE "
+                "for full details.)"
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_false",
+            help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--root",
+            dest="root_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help="Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--prefix",
+            dest="prefix_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level "
+                "folders are placed. Note that the resulting installation may "
+                "contain scripts and other resources which reference the "
+                "Python interpreter of pip, and not that of ``--prefix``. "
+                "See also the ``--python`` option if the intention is to "
+                "install packages into another (possibly pip-free) "
+                "environment."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-U",
+            "--upgrade",
+            dest="upgrade",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available "
+                "version. The handling of dependencies depends on the "
+                "upgrade-strategy used."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--upgrade-strategy",
+            dest="upgrade_strategy",
+            default="only-if-needed",
+            choices=["only-if-needed", "eager"],
+            help=(
+                "Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled "
+                "[default: %default]. "
+                '"eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of '
+                "whether the currently installed version satisfies the "
+                "requirements of the upgraded package(s). "
+                '"only-if-needed" -  are upgraded only when they do not '
+                "satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s)."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            dest="force_reinstall",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-I",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            dest="ignore_installed",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. "
+                "This can break your system if the existing package "
+                "is of a different version or was installed "
+                "with a different package manager!"
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--compile",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="compile",
+            default=True,
+            help="Compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-compile",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="compile",
+            help="Do not compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_script_location",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-conflicts",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_about_conflicts",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn about broken dependencies",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--report",
+            dest="json_report_file",
+            metavar="file",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Generate a JSON file describing what pip did to install "
+                "the provided requirements. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --dry-run and --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements. "
+                "When - is used as file name it writes to stdout. "
+                "When writing to stdout, please combine with the --quiet option "
+                "to avoid mixing pip logging output with JSON output."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.use_user_site and options.target_dir is not None:
+            raise CommandError("Can not combine '--user' and '--target'")
+
+        # Check whether the environment we're installing into is externally
+        # managed, as specified in PEP 668. Specifying --root, --target, or
+        # --prefix disables the check, since there's no reliable way to locate
+        # the EXTERNALLY-MANAGED file for those cases. An exception is also
+        # made specifically for "--dry-run --report" for convenience.
+        installing_into_current_environment = (
+            not (options.dry_run and options.json_report_file)
+            and options.root_path is None
+            and options.target_dir is None
+            and options.prefix_path is None
+        )
+        if (
+            installing_into_current_environment
+            and not options.override_externally_managed
+        ):
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        upgrade_strategy = "to-satisfy-only"
+        if options.upgrade:
+            upgrade_strategy = options.upgrade_strategy
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=True)
+
+        logger.verbose("Using %s", get_pip_version())
+        options.use_user_site = decide_user_install(
+            options.use_user_site,
+            prefix_path=options.prefix_path,
+            target_dir=options.target_dir,
+            root_path=options.root_path,
+            isolated_mode=options.isolated_mode,
+        )
+
+        target_temp_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        target_temp_dir_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if options.target_dir:
+            options.ignore_installed = True
+            options.target_dir = os.path.abspath(options.target_dir)
+            if (
+                # fmt: off
+                os.path.exists(options.target_dir) and
+                not os.path.isdir(options.target_dir)
+                # fmt: on
+            ):
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "Target path exists but is not a directory, will not continue."
+                )
+
+            # Create a target directory for using with the target option
+            target_temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="target")
+            target_temp_dir_path = target_temp_dir.path
+            self.enter_context(target_temp_dir)
+
+        global_options = options.global_options or []
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="install",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+            check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+            wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+            # Only when installing is it permitted to use PEP 660.
+            # In other circumstances (pip wheel, pip download) we generate
+            # regular (i.e. non editable) metadata and wheels.
+            for req in reqs:
+                req.permit_editable_wheels = True
+
+            preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+                temp_build_dir=directory,
+                options=options,
+                build_tracker=build_tracker,
+                session=session,
+                finder=finder,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            )
+            resolver = self.make_resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                ignore_installed=options.ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=options.force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                py_version_info=options.python_version,
+            )
+
+            self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+            requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
+                reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
+            )
+
+            if options.json_report_file:
+                report = InstallationReport(requirement_set.requirements_to_install)
+                if options.json_report_file == "-":
+                    print_json(data=report.to_dict())
+                else:
+                    with open(options.json_report_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        json.dump(report.to_dict(), f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+            if options.dry_run:
+                would_install_items = sorted(
+                    (r.metadata["name"], r.metadata["version"])
+                    for r in requirement_set.requirements_to_install
+                )
+                if would_install_items:
+                    write_output(
+                        "Would install %s",
+                        " ".join("-".join(item) for item in would_install_items),
+                    )
+                return SUCCESS
+
+            try:
+                pip_req = requirement_set.get_requirement("pip")
+            except KeyError:
+                modifying_pip = False
+            else:
+                # If we're not replacing an already installed pip,
+                # we're not modifying it.
+                modifying_pip = pip_req.satisfied_by is None
+                if modifying_pip:
+                    # Eagerly import this module to avoid crashes. Otherwise, this
+                    # module would be imported *after* pip was replaced, resulting in
+                    # crashes if the new self_outdated_check module was incompatible
+                    # with the rest of pip that's already imported.
+                    import pip._internal.self_outdated_check  # noqa: F401
+            protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip=modifying_pip)
+
+            reqs_to_build = [
+                r
+                for r in requirement_set.requirements.values()
+                if should_build_for_install_command(r)
+            ]
+
+            _, build_failures = build(
+                reqs_to_build,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                verify=True,
+                build_options=[],
+                global_options=global_options,
+            )
+
+            if build_failures:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    "ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some "
+                    "pyproject.toml based projects ({})".format(
+                        ", ".join(r.name for r in build_failures)  # type: ignore
+                    )
+                )
+
+            to_install = resolver.get_installation_order(requirement_set)
+
+            # Check for conflicts in the package set we're installing.
+            conflicts: Optional[ConflictDetails] = None
+            should_warn_about_conflicts = (
+                not options.ignore_dependencies and options.warn_about_conflicts
+            )
+            if should_warn_about_conflicts:
+                conflicts = self._determine_conflicts(to_install)
+
+            # Don't warn about script install locations if
+            # --target or --prefix has been specified
+            warn_script_location = options.warn_script_location
+            if options.target_dir or options.prefix_path:
+                warn_script_location = False
+
+            installed = install_given_reqs(
+                to_install,
+                global_options,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                pycompile=options.compile,
+            )
+
+            lib_locations = get_lib_location_guesses(
+                user=options.use_user_site,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            env = get_environment(lib_locations)
+
+            # Display a summary of installed packages, with extra care to
+            # display a package name as it was requested by the user.
+            installed.sort(key=operator.attrgetter("name"))
+            summary = []
+            installed_versions = {}
+            for distribution in env.iter_all_distributions():
+                installed_versions[distribution.canonical_name] = distribution.version
+            for package in installed:
+                display_name = package.name
+                version = installed_versions.get(canonicalize_name(display_name), None)
+                if version:
+                    text = f"{display_name}-{version}"
+                else:
+                    text = display_name
+                summary.append(text)
+
+            if conflicts is not None:
+                self._warn_about_conflicts(
+                    conflicts,
+                    resolver_variant=self.determine_resolver_variant(options),
+                )
+
+            installed_desc = " ".join(summary)
+            if installed_desc:
+                write_output(
+                    "Successfully installed %s",
+                    installed_desc,
+                )
+        except OSError as error:
+            show_traceback = self.verbosity >= 1
+
+            message = create_os_error_message(
+                error,
+                show_traceback,
+                options.use_user_site,
+            )
+            logger.error(message, exc_info=show_traceback)
+
+            return ERROR
+
+        if options.target_dir:
+            assert target_temp_dir
+            self._handle_target_dir(
+                options.target_dir, target_temp_dir, options.upgrade
+            )
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _handle_target_dir(
+        self, target_dir: str, target_temp_dir: TempDirectory, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        ensure_dir(target_dir)
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        lib_dir_list = []
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        scheme = get_scheme("", home=target_temp_dir.path)
+        purelib_dir = scheme.purelib
+        platlib_dir = scheme.platlib
+        data_dir = scheme.data
+
+        if os.path.exists(purelib_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(purelib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(platlib_dir) and platlib_dir != purelib_dir:
+            lib_dir_list.append(platlib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(data_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(data_dir)
+
+        for lib_dir in lib_dir_list:
+            for item in os.listdir(lib_dir):
+                if lib_dir == data_dir:
+                    ddir = os.path.join(data_dir, item)
+                    if any(s.startswith(ddir) for s in lib_dir_list[:-1]):
+                        continue
+                target_item_dir = os.path.join(target_dir, item)
+                if os.path.exists(target_item_dir):
+                    if not upgrade:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists. Specify "
+                            "--upgrade to force replacement.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.islink(target_item_dir):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists and is "
+                            "a link. pip will not automatically replace "
+                            "links, please remove if replacement is "
+                            "desired.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.isdir(target_item_dir):
+                        shutil.rmtree(target_item_dir)
+                    else:
+                        os.remove(target_item_dir)
+
+                shutil.move(os.path.join(lib_dir, item), target_item_dir)
+
+    def _determine_conflicts(
+        self, to_install: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> Optional[ConflictDetails]:
+        try:
+            return check_install_conflicts(to_install)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Error while checking for conflicts. Please file an issue on "
+                "pip's issue tracker: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/new"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    def _warn_about_conflicts(
+        self, conflict_details: ConflictDetails, resolver_variant: str
+    ) -> None:
+        package_set, (missing, conflicting) = conflict_details
+        if not missing and not conflicting:
+            return
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        if resolver_variant == "legacy":
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's legacy dependency resolver does not consider dependency "
+                "conflicts when selecting packages. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+        else:
+            assert resolver_variant == "resolvelib"
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account "
+                "all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+
+        # NOTE: There is some duplication here, with commands/check.py
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    f"{project_name} {version} requires {dependency[1]}, "
+                    "which is not installed."
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    "{name} {version} requires {requirement}, but {you} have "
+                    "{dep_name} {dep_version} which is incompatible."
+                ).format(
+                    name=project_name,
+                    version=version,
+                    requirement=req,
+                    dep_name=dep_name,
+                    dep_version=dep_version,
+                    you=("you" if resolver_variant == "resolvelib" else "you'll"),
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        logger.critical("\n".join(parts))
+
+
+def get_lib_location_guesses(
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> List[str]:
+    scheme = get_scheme(
+        "",
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    return [scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib]
+
+
+def site_packages_writable(root: Optional[str], isolated: bool) -> bool:
+    return all(
+        test_writable_dir(d)
+        for d in set(get_lib_location_guesses(root=root, isolated=isolated))
+    )
+
+
+def decide_user_install(
+    use_user_site: Optional[bool],
+    prefix_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    root_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated_mode: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether to do a user install based on the input options.
+
+    If use_user_site is False, no additional checks are done.
+    If use_user_site is True, it is checked for compatibility with other
+    options.
+    If use_user_site is None, the default behaviour depends on the environment,
+    which is provided by the other arguments.
+    """
+    # In some cases (config from tox), use_user_site can be set to an integer
+    # rather than a bool, which 'use_user_site is False' wouldn't catch.
+    if (use_user_site is not None) and (not use_user_site):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install by explicit request")
+        return False
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        if prefix_path:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not combine '--user' and '--prefix' as they imply "
+                "different installation locations"
+            )
+        if virtualenv_no_global():
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages "
+                "are not visible in this virtualenv."
+            )
+        logger.debug("User install by explicit request")
+        return True
+
+    # If we are here, user installs have not been explicitly requested/avoided
+    assert use_user_site is None
+
+    # user install incompatible with --prefix/--target
+    if prefix_path or target_dir:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install due to --prefix or --target option")
+        return False
+
+    # If user installs are not enabled, choose a non-user install
+    if not site.ENABLE_USER_SITE:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because user site-packages disabled")
+        return False
+
+    # If we have permission for a non-user install, do that,
+    # otherwise do a user install.
+    if site_packages_writable(root=root_path, isolated=isolated_mode):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because site-packages writeable")
+        return False
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages "
+        "is not writeable"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+def create_os_error_message(
+    error: OSError, show_traceback: bool, using_user_site: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Format an error message for an OSError
+
+    It may occur anytime during the execution of the install command.
+    """
+    parts = []
+
+    # Mention the error if we are not going to show a traceback
+    parts.append("Could not install packages due to an OSError")
+    if not show_traceback:
+        parts.append(": ")
+        parts.append(str(error))
+    else:
+        parts.append(".")
+
+    # Spilt the error indication from a helper message (if any)
+    parts[-1] += "\n"
+
+    # Suggest useful actions to the user:
+    #  (1) using user site-packages or (2) verifying the permissions
+    if error.errno == errno.EACCES:
+        user_option_part = "Consider using the `--user` option"
+        permissions_part = "Check the permissions"
+
+        if not running_under_virtualenv() and not using_user_site:
+            parts.extend(
+                [
+                    user_option_part,
+                    " or ",
+                    permissions_part.lower(),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            parts.append(permissions_part)
+        parts.append(".\n")
+
+    # Suggest the user to enable Long Paths if path length is
+    # more than 260
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and error.errno == errno.ENOENT
+        and error.filename
+        and len(error.filename) > 260
+    ):
+        parts.append(
+            "HINT: This error might have occurred since "
+            "this system does not have Windows Long Path "
+            "support enabled. You can find information on "
+            "how to enable this at "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/enable-long-paths\n"
+        )
+
+    return "".join(parts).strip() + "\n"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82fc46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.index_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import tabulate, write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+    from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+
+    class _DistWithLatestInfo(BaseDistribution):
+        """Give the distribution object a couple of extra fields.
+
+        These will be populated during ``get_outdated()``. This is dirty but
+        makes the rest of the code much cleaner.
+        """
+
+        latest_version: Version
+        latest_filetype: str
+
+    _ProcessedDists = Sequence[_DistWithLatestInfo]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ListCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    List installed packages, including editables.
+
+    Packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-o",
+            "--outdated",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List outdated packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-u",
+            "--uptodate",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List uptodate packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-e",
+            "--editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List editable projects.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="columns",
+            choices=("columns", "freeze", "json"),
+            help=(
+                "Select the output format among: columns (default), freeze, or json. "
+                "The 'freeze' format cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--not-required",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="not_required",
+            help="List packages that are not dependencies of installed packages.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--include-editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Include editable package from output.",
+            default=True,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.index_group, self.parser)
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        if options.outdated or options.uptodate:
+            super().handle_pip_version_check(options)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self, options: Values, session: "PipSession"
+    ) -> "PackageFinder":
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this list command.
+        """
+        # Lazy import the heavy index modules as most list invocations won't need 'em.
+        from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+        from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+        )
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.outdated and options.uptodate:
+            raise CommandError("Options --outdated and --uptodate cannot be combined.")
+
+        if options.outdated and options.list_format == "freeze":
+            raise CommandError(
+                "List format 'freeze' cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            )
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(canonicalize_name(n) for n in options.excludes)
+
+        packages: "_ProcessedDists" = [
+            cast("_DistWithLatestInfo", d)
+            for d in get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+                local_only=options.local,
+                user_only=options.user,
+                editables_only=options.editable,
+                include_editables=options.include_editable,
+                skip=skip,
+            )
+        ]
+
+        # get_not_required must be called firstly in order to find and
+        # filter out all dependencies correctly. Otherwise a package
+        # can't be identified as requirement because some parent packages
+        # could be filtered out before.
+        if options.not_required:
+            packages = self.get_not_required(packages, options)
+
+        if options.outdated:
+            packages = self.get_outdated(packages, options)
+        elif options.uptodate:
+            packages = self.get_uptodate(packages, options)
+
+        self.output_package_listing(packages, options)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_outdated(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if dist.latest_version > dist.version
+        ]
+
+    def get_uptodate(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if dist.latest_version == dist.version
+        ]
+
+    def get_not_required(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        dep_keys = {
+            canonicalize_name(dep.name)
+            for dist in packages
+            for dep in (dist.iter_dependencies() or ())
+        }
+
+        # Create a set to remove duplicate packages, and cast it to a list
+        # to keep the return type consistent with get_outdated and
+        # get_uptodate
+        return list({pkg for pkg in packages if pkg.canonical_name not in dep_keys})
+
+    def iter_packages_latest_infos(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> Generator["_DistWithLatestInfo", None, None]:
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+            def latest_info(
+                dist: "_DistWithLatestInfo",
+            ) -> Optional["_DistWithLatestInfo"]:
+                all_candidates = finder.find_all_candidates(dist.canonical_name)
+                if not options.pre:
+                    # Remove prereleases
+                    all_candidates = [
+                        candidate
+                        for candidate in all_candidates
+                        if not candidate.version.is_prerelease
+                    ]
+
+                evaluator = finder.make_candidate_evaluator(
+                    project_name=dist.canonical_name,
+                )
+                best_candidate = evaluator.sort_best_candidate(all_candidates)
+                if best_candidate is None:
+                    return None
+
+                remote_version = best_candidate.version
+                if best_candidate.link.is_wheel:
+                    typ = "wheel"
+                else:
+                    typ = "sdist"
+                dist.latest_version = remote_version
+                dist.latest_filetype = typ
+                return dist
+
+            for dist in map(latest_info, packages):
+                if dist is not None:
+                    yield dist
+
+    def output_package_listing(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> None:
+        packages = sorted(
+            packages,
+            key=lambda dist: dist.canonical_name,
+        )
+        if options.list_format == "columns" and packages:
+            data, header = format_for_columns(packages, options)
+            self.output_package_listing_columns(data, header)
+        elif options.list_format == "freeze":
+            for dist in packages:
+                if options.verbose >= 1:
+                    write_output(
+                        "%s==%s (%s)", dist.raw_name, dist.version, dist.location
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("%s==%s", dist.raw_name, dist.version)
+        elif options.list_format == "json":
+            write_output(format_for_json(packages, options))
+
+    def output_package_listing_columns(
+        self, data: List[List[str]], header: List[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        # insert the header first: we need to know the size of column names
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            data.insert(0, header)
+
+        pkg_strings, sizes = tabulate(data)
+
+        # Create and add a separator.
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            pkg_strings.insert(1, " ".join("-" * x for x in sizes))
+
+        for val in pkg_strings:
+            write_output(val)
+
+
+def format_for_columns(
+    pkgs: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+) -> Tuple[List[List[str]], List[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert the package data into something usable
+    by output_package_listing_columns.
+    """
+    header = ["Package", "Version"]
+
+    running_outdated = options.outdated
+    if running_outdated:
+        header.extend(["Latest", "Type"])
+
+    has_editables = any(x.editable for x in pkgs)
+    if has_editables:
+        header.append("Editable project location")
+
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Location")
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Installer")
+
+    data = []
+    for proj in pkgs:
+        # if we're working on the 'outdated' list, separate out the
+        # latest_version and type
+        row = [proj.raw_name, proj.raw_version]
+
+        if running_outdated:
+            row.append(str(proj.latest_version))
+            row.append(proj.latest_filetype)
+
+        if has_editables:
+            row.append(proj.editable_project_location or "")
+
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.location or "")
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.installer)
+
+        data.append(row)
+
+    return data, header
+
+
+def format_for_json(packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values) -> str:
+    data = []
+    for dist in packages:
+        info = {
+            "name": dist.raw_name,
+            "version": str(dist.version),
+        }
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            info["location"] = dist.location or ""
+            info["installer"] = dist.installer
+        if options.outdated:
+            info["latest_version"] = str(dist.latest_version)
+            info["latest_filetype"] = dist.latest_filetype
+        editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+        if editable_project_location:
+            info["editable_project_location"] = editable_project_location
+        data.append(info)
+    return json.dumps(data)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d329d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import logging
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import xmlrpc.client
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, TypedDict
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import SessionCommandMixin
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import NO_MATCHES_FOUND, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.network.xmlrpc import PipXmlrpcTransport
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class TransformedHit(TypedDict):
+        name: str
+        summary: str
+        versions: List[str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """Search for PyPI packages whose name or summary contains <query>."""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <query>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-i",
+            "--index",
+            dest="index",
+            metavar="URL",
+            default=PyPI.pypi_url,
+            help="Base URL of Python Package Index (default %default)",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Missing required argument (search query).")
+        query = args
+        pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
+        hits = transform_hits(pypi_hits)
+
+        terminal_width = None
+        if sys.stdout.isatty():
+            terminal_width = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0]
+
+        print_results(hits, terminal_width=terminal_width)
+        if pypi_hits:
+            return SUCCESS
+        return NO_MATCHES_FOUND
+
+    def search(self, query: List[str], options: Values) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+        index_url = options.index
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        transport = PipXmlrpcTransport(index_url, session)
+        pypi = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(index_url, transport)
+        try:
+            hits = pypi.search({"name": query, "summary": query}, "or")
+        except xmlrpc.client.Fault as fault:
+            message = (
+                f"XMLRPC request failed [code: {fault.faultCode}]\n{fault.faultString}"
+            )
+            raise CommandError(message)
+        assert isinstance(hits, list)
+        return hits
+
+
+def transform_hits(hits: List[Dict[str, str]]) -> List["TransformedHit"]:
+    """
+    The list from pypi is really a list of versions. We want a list of
+    packages with the list of versions stored inline. This converts the
+    list from pypi into one we can use.
+    """
+    packages: Dict[str, "TransformedHit"] = OrderedDict()
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"]
+        version = hit["version"]
+
+        if name not in packages.keys():
+            packages[name] = {
+                "name": name,
+                "summary": summary,
+                "versions": [version],
+            }
+        else:
+            packages[name]["versions"].append(version)
+
+            # if this is the highest version, replace summary and score
+            if version == highest_version(packages[name]["versions"]):
+                packages[name]["summary"] = summary
+
+    return list(packages.values())
+
+
+def print_dist_installation_info(name: str, latest: str) -> None:
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    dist = env.get_distribution(name)
+    if dist is not None:
+        with indent_log():
+            if dist.version == latest:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s (latest)", dist.version)
+            else:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s", dist.version)
+                if parse_version(latest).pre:
+                    write_output(
+                        "LATEST:    %s (pre-release; install"
+                        " with `pip install --pre`)",
+                        latest,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("LATEST:    %s", latest)
+
+
+def print_results(
+    hits: List["TransformedHit"],
+    name_column_width: Optional[int] = None,
+    terminal_width: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if not hits:
+        return
+    if name_column_width is None:
+        name_column_width = (
+            max(
+                [
+                    len(hit["name"]) + len(highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"])))
+                    for hit in hits
+                ]
+            )
+            + 4
+        )
+
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"] or ""
+        latest = highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"]))
+        if terminal_width is not None:
+            target_width = terminal_width - name_column_width - 5
+            if target_width > 10:
+                # wrap and indent summary to fit terminal
+                summary_lines = textwrap.wrap(summary, target_width)
+                summary = ("\n" + " " * (name_column_width + 3)).join(summary_lines)
+
+        name_latest = f"{name} ({latest})"
+        line = f"{name_latest:{name_column_width}} - {summary}"
+        try:
+            write_output(line)
+            print_dist_installation_info(name, latest)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            pass
+
+
+def highest_version(versions: List[str]) -> str:
+    return max(versions, key=parse_version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54d548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ShowCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Show information about one or more installed packages.
+
+    The output is in RFC-compliant mail header format.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ..."""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-f",
+            "--files",
+            dest="files",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Show the full list of installed files for each package.",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            logger.warning("ERROR: Please provide a package name or names.")
+            return ERROR
+        query = args
+
+        results = search_packages_info(query)
+        if not print_results(
+            results, list_files=options.files, verbose=options.verbose
+        ):
+            return ERROR
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+class _PackageInfo(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    location: str
+    editable_project_location: Optional[str]
+    requires: List[str]
+    required_by: List[str]
+    installer: str
+    metadata_version: str
+    classifiers: List[str]
+    summary: str
+    homepage: str
+    project_urls: List[str]
+    author: str
+    author_email: str
+    license: str
+    entry_points: List[str]
+    files: Optional[List[str]]
+
+
+def search_packages_info(query: List[str]) -> Generator[_PackageInfo, None, None]:
+    """
+    Gather details from installed distributions. Print distribution name,
+    version, location, and installed files. Installed files requires a
+    pip generated 'installed-files.txt' in the distributions '.egg-info'
+    directory.
+    """
+    env = get_default_environment()
+
+    installed = {dist.canonical_name: dist for dist in env.iter_all_distributions()}
+    query_names = [canonicalize_name(name) for name in query]
+    missing = sorted(
+        [name for name, pkg in zip(query, query_names) if pkg not in installed]
+    )
+    if missing:
+        logger.warning("Package(s) not found: %s", ", ".join(missing))
+
+    def _get_requiring_packages(current_dist: BaseDistribution) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return (
+            dist.metadata["Name"] or "UNKNOWN"
+            for dist in installed.values()
+            if current_dist.canonical_name
+            in {canonicalize_name(d.name) for d in dist.iter_dependencies()}
+        )
+
+    for query_name in query_names:
+        try:
+            dist = installed[query_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            requires = sorted(
+                # Avoid duplicates in requirements (e.g. due to environment markers).
+                {req.name for req in dist.iter_dependencies()},
+                key=str.lower,
+            )
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            requires = sorted(dist.iter_raw_dependencies(), key=str.lower)
+
+        try:
+            required_by = sorted(_get_requiring_packages(dist), key=str.lower)
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            required_by = ["#N/A"]
+
+        try:
+            entry_points_text = dist.read_text("entry_points.txt")
+            entry_points = entry_points_text.splitlines(keepends=False)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            entry_points = []
+
+        files_iter = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+        if files_iter is None:
+            files: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        else:
+            files = sorted(files_iter)
+
+        metadata = dist.metadata
+
+        project_urls = metadata.get_all("Project-URL", [])
+        homepage = metadata.get("Home-page", "")
+        if not homepage:
+            # It's common that there is a "homepage" Project-URL, but Home-page
+            # remains unset (especially as PEP 621 doesn't surface the field).
+            #
+            # This logic was taken from PyPI's codebase.
+            for url in project_urls:
+                url_label, url = url.split(",", maxsplit=1)
+                normalized_label = (
+                    url_label.casefold().replace("-", "").replace("_", "").strip()
+                )
+                if normalized_label == "homepage":
+                    homepage = url.strip()
+                    break
+
+        yield _PackageInfo(
+            name=dist.raw_name,
+            version=dist.raw_version,
+            location=dist.location or "",
+            editable_project_location=dist.editable_project_location,
+            requires=requires,
+            required_by=required_by,
+            installer=dist.installer,
+            metadata_version=dist.metadata_version or "",
+            classifiers=metadata.get_all("Classifier", []),
+            summary=metadata.get("Summary", ""),
+            homepage=homepage,
+            project_urls=project_urls,
+            author=metadata.get("Author", ""),
+            author_email=metadata.get("Author-email", ""),
+            license=metadata.get("License", ""),
+            entry_points=entry_points,
+            files=files,
+        )
+
+
+def print_results(
+    distributions: Iterable[_PackageInfo],
+    list_files: bool,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Print the information from installed distributions found.
+    """
+    results_printed = False
+    for i, dist in enumerate(distributions):
+        results_printed = True
+        if i > 0:
+            write_output("---")
+
+        write_output("Name: %s", dist.name)
+        write_output("Version: %s", dist.version)
+        write_output("Summary: %s", dist.summary)
+        write_output("Home-page: %s", dist.homepage)
+        write_output("Author: %s", dist.author)
+        write_output("Author-email: %s", dist.author_email)
+        write_output("License: %s", dist.license)
+        write_output("Location: %s", dist.location)
+        if dist.editable_project_location is not None:
+            write_output(
+                "Editable project location: %s", dist.editable_project_location
+            )
+        write_output("Requires: %s", ", ".join(dist.requires))
+        write_output("Required-by: %s", ", ".join(dist.required_by))
+
+        if verbose:
+            write_output("Metadata-Version: %s", dist.metadata_version)
+            write_output("Installer: %s", dist.installer)
+            write_output("Classifiers:")
+            for classifier in dist.classifiers:
+                write_output("  %s", classifier)
+            write_output("Entry-points:")
+            for entry in dist.entry_points:
+                write_output("  %s", entry.strip())
+            write_output("Project-URLs:")
+            for project_url in dist.project_urls:
+                write_output("  %s", project_url)
+        if list_files:
+            write_output("Files:")
+            if dist.files is None:
+                write_output("Cannot locate RECORD or installed-files.txt")
+            else:
+                for line in dist.files:
+                    write_output("  %s", line.strip())
+    return results_printed
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc0edea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.index_command import SessionCommandMixin
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+    warn_if_run_as_root,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UninstallCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """
+    Uninstall packages.
+
+    pip is able to uninstall most installed packages. Known exceptions are:
+
+    - Pure distutils packages installed with ``python setup.py install``, which
+      leave behind no metadata to determine what files were installed.
+    - Script wrappers installed by ``python setup.py develop``.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Uninstall all the packages listed in the given requirements "
+                "file.  This option can be used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            dest="yes",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Don't ask for confirmation of uninstall deletions.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        reqs_to_uninstall = {}
+        for name in args:
+            req = install_req_from_line(
+                name,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            if req.name:
+                reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Invalid requirement: %r ignored -"
+                    " the uninstall command expects named"
+                    " requirements.",
+                    name,
+                )
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req, isolated=options.isolated_mode
+                )
+                if req.name:
+                    reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+        if not reqs_to_uninstall:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"You must give at least one requirement to {self.name} (see "
+                f'"pip help {self.name}")'
+            )
+
+        if not options.override_externally_managed:
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(
+            modifying_pip="pip" in reqs_to_uninstall
+        )
+
+        for req in reqs_to_uninstall.values():
+            uninstall_pathset = req.uninstall(
+                auto_confirm=options.yes,
+                verbose=self.verbosity > 0,
+            )
+            if uninstall_pathset:
+                uninstall_pathset.commit()
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..278719f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_wheel_command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class WheelCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Build Wheel archives for your requirements and dependencies.
+
+    Wheel is a built-package format, and offers the advantage of not
+    recompiling your software during every install. For more details, see the
+    wheel docs: https://wheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+    'pip wheel' uses the build system interface as described here:
+    https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/build-system/
+
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-w",
+            "--wheel-dir",
+            dest="wheel_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help=(
+                "Build wheels into <dir>, where the default is the "
+                "current working directory."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-verify",
+            dest="no_verify",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Don't verify if built wheel is valid.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.build_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+        options.wheel_dir = normalize_path(options.wheel_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.wheel_dir)
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="wheel",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.wheel_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        reqs_to_build: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.is_wheel:
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+            elif should_build_for_wheel_command(req):
+                reqs_to_build.append(req)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+
+        # build wheels
+        build_successes, build_failures = build(
+            reqs_to_build,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            verify=(not options.no_verify),
+            build_options=options.build_options or [],
+            global_options=options.global_options or [],
+        )
+        for req in build_successes:
+            assert req.link and req.link.is_wheel
+            assert req.local_file_path
+            # copy from cache to target directory
+            try:
+                shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, options.wheel_dir)
+            except OSError as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                build_failures.append(req)
+        if len(build_failures) != 0:
+            raise CommandError("Failed to build one or more wheels")
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c25273d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+"""Configuration management setup
+
+Some terminology:
+- name
+  As written in config files.
+- value
+  Value associated with a name
+- key
+  Name combined with it's section (section.name)
+- variant
+  A single word describing where the configuration key-value pair came from
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import locale
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, NewType, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    ConfigurationError,
+    ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, enum
+
+RawConfigParser = configparser.RawConfigParser  # Shorthand
+Kind = NewType("Kind", str)
+
+CONFIG_BASENAME = "pip.ini" if WINDOWS else "pip.conf"
+ENV_NAMES_IGNORED = "version", "help"
+
+# The kinds of configurations there are.
+kinds = enum(
+    USER="user",  # User Specific
+    GLOBAL="global",  # System Wide
+    SITE="site",  # [Virtual] Environment Specific
+    ENV="env",  # from PIP_CONFIG_FILE
+    ENV_VAR="env-var",  # from Environment Variables
+)
+OVERRIDE_ORDER = kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.USER, kinds.SITE, kinds.ENV, kinds.ENV_VAR
+VALID_LOAD_ONLY = kinds.USER, kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.SITE
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# NOTE: Maybe use the optionx attribute to normalize keynames.
+def _normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """Make a name consistent regardless of source (environment or file)"""
+    name = name.lower().replace("_", "-")
+    if name.startswith("--"):
+        name = name[2:]  # only prefer long opts
+    return name
+
+
+def _disassemble_key(name: str) -> List[str]:
+    if "." not in name:
+        error_message = (
+            "Key does not contain dot separated section and key. "
+            f"Perhaps you wanted to use 'global.{name}' instead?"
+        )
+        raise ConfigurationError(error_message)
+    return name.split(".", 1)
+
+
+def get_configuration_files() -> Dict[Kind, List[str]]:
+    global_config_files = [
+        os.path.join(path, CONFIG_BASENAME) for path in appdirs.site_config_dirs("pip")
+    ]
+
+    site_config_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
+        os.path.expanduser("~"),
+        "pip" if WINDOWS else ".pip",
+        CONFIG_BASENAME,
+    )
+    new_config_file = os.path.join(appdirs.user_config_dir("pip"), CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    return {
+        kinds.GLOBAL: global_config_files,
+        kinds.SITE: [site_config_file],
+        kinds.USER: [legacy_config_file, new_config_file],
+    }
+
+
+class Configuration:
+    """Handles management of configuration.
+
+    Provides an interface to accessing and managing configuration files.
+
+    This class converts provides an API that takes "section.key-name" style
+    keys and stores the value associated with it as "key-name" under the
+    section "section".
+
+    This allows for a clean interface wherein the both the section and the
+    key-name are preserved in an easy to manage form in the configuration files
+    and the data stored is also nice.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, isolated: bool, load_only: Optional[Kind] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if load_only is not None and load_only not in VALID_LOAD_ONLY:
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Got invalid value for load_only - should be one of {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(map(repr, VALID_LOAD_ONLY))
+                )
+            )
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.load_only = load_only
+
+        # Because we keep track of where we got the data from
+        self._parsers: Dict[Kind, List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]]] = {
+            variant: [] for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._config: Dict[Kind, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+            variant: {} for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._modified_parsers: List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files and environment"""
+        self._load_config_files()
+        if not self.isolated:
+            self._load_environment_vars()
+
+    def get_file_to_edit(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the file with highest priority in configuration"""
+        assert self.load_only is not None, "Need to be specified a file to be editing"
+
+        try:
+            return self._get_parser_to_modify()[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+
+    def items(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+        """Returns key-value pairs like dict.items() representing the loaded
+        configuration
+        """
+        return self._dictionary.items()
+
+    def get_value(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        """Get a value from the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        try:
+            return self._dictionary[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # disassembling triggers a more useful error message than simply
+            # "No such key" in the case that the key isn't in the form command.option
+            _disassemble_key(key)
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+    def set_value(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Modify a value in the configuration."""
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+
+            # Modify the parser and the configuration
+            if not parser.has_section(section):
+                parser.add_section(section)
+            parser.set(section, name, value)
+
+        self._config[self.load_only][key] = value
+        self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+    def unset_value(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Unset a value in the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        if key not in self._config[self.load_only]:
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+            if not (
+                parser.has_section(section) and parser.remove_option(section, name)
+            ):
+                # The option was not removed.
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    "Fatal Internal error [id=1]. Please report as a bug."
+                )
+
+            # The section may be empty after the option was removed.
+            if not parser.items(section):
+                parser.remove_section(section)
+            self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+        del self._config[self.load_only][key]
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save the current in-memory state."""
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        for fname, parser in self._modified_parsers:
+            logger.info("Writing to %s", fname)
+
+            # Ensure directory exists.
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(fname))
+
+            # Ensure directory's permission(need to be writeable)
+            try:
+                with open(fname, "w") as f:
+                    parser.write(f)
+            except OSError as error:
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    f"An error occurred while writing to the configuration file "
+                    f"{fname}: {error}"
+                )
+
+    #
+    # Private routines
+    #
+
+    def _ensure_have_load_only(self) -> None:
+        if self.load_only is None:
+            raise ConfigurationError("Needed a specific file to be modifying.")
+        logger.debug("Will be working with %s variant only", self.load_only)
+
+    @property
+    def _dictionary(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """A dictionary representing the loaded configuration."""
+        # NOTE: Dictionaries are not populated if not loaded. So, conditionals
+        #       are not needed here.
+        retval = {}
+
+        for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER:
+            retval.update(self._config[variant])
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_config_files(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files"""
+        config_files = dict(self.iter_config_files())
+        if config_files[kinds.ENV][0:1] == [os.devnull]:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Skipping loading configuration files due to "
+                "environment's PIP_CONFIG_FILE being os.devnull"
+            )
+            return
+
+        for variant, files in config_files.items():
+            for fname in files:
+                # If there's specific variant set in `load_only`, load only
+                # that variant, not the others.
+                if self.load_only is not None and variant != self.load_only:
+                    logger.debug("Skipping file '%s' (variant: %s)", fname, variant)
+                    continue
+
+                parser = self._load_file(variant, fname)
+
+                # Keeping track of the parsers used
+                self._parsers[variant].append((fname, parser))
+
+    def _load_file(self, variant: Kind, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        logger.verbose("For variant '%s', will try loading '%s'", variant, fname)
+        parser = self._construct_parser(fname)
+
+        for section in parser.sections():
+            items = parser.items(section)
+            self._config[variant].update(self._normalized_keys(section, items))
+
+        return parser
+
+    def _construct_parser(self, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        # If there is no such file, don't bother reading it but create the
+        # parser anyway, to hold the data.
+        # Doing this is useful when modifying and saving files, where we don't
+        # need to construct a parser.
+        if os.path.exists(fname):
+            locale_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+            try:
+                parser.read(fname, encoding=locale_encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4963
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(
+                    reason=f"contains invalid {locale_encoding} characters",
+                    fname=fname,
+                )
+            except configparser.Error as error:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4893
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(error=error)
+        return parser
+
+    def _load_environment_vars(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from environment variables"""
+        self._config[kinds.ENV_VAR].update(
+            self._normalized_keys(":env:", self.get_environ_vars())
+        )
+
+    def _normalized_keys(
+        self, section: str, items: Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Normalizes items to construct a dictionary with normalized keys.
+
+        This routine is where the names become keys and are made the same
+        regardless of source - configuration files or environment.
+        """
+        normalized = {}
+        for name, val in items:
+            key = section + "." + _normalize_name(name)
+            normalized[key] = val
+        return normalized
+
+    def get_environ_vars(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Returns a generator with all environmental vars with prefix PIP_"""
+        for key, val in os.environ.items():
+            if key.startswith("PIP_"):
+                name = key[4:].lower()
+                if name not in ENV_NAMES_IGNORED:
+                    yield name, val
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def iter_config_files(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[Kind, List[str]]]:
+        """Yields variant and configuration files associated with it.
+
+        This should be treated like items of a dictionary. The order
+        here doesn't affect what gets overridden. That is controlled
+        by OVERRIDE_ORDER. However this does control the order they are
+        displayed to the user. It's probably most ergononmic to display
+        things in the same order as OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        """
+        # SMELL: Move the conditions out of this function
+
+        env_config_file = os.environ.get("PIP_CONFIG_FILE", None)
+        config_files = get_configuration_files()
+
+        yield kinds.GLOBAL, config_files[kinds.GLOBAL]
+
+        # per-user config is not loaded when env_config_file exists
+        should_load_user_config = not self.isolated and not (
+            env_config_file and os.path.exists(env_config_file)
+        )
+        if should_load_user_config:
+            # The legacy config file is overridden by the new config file
+            yield kinds.USER, config_files[kinds.USER]
+
+        # virtualenv config
+        yield kinds.SITE, config_files[kinds.SITE]
+
+        if env_config_file is not None:
+            yield kinds.ENV, [env_config_file]
+        else:
+            yield kinds.ENV, []
+
+    def get_values_in_config(self, variant: Kind) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get values present in a config file"""
+        return self._config[variant]
+
+    def _get_parser_to_modify(self) -> Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]:
+        # Determine which parser to modify
+        assert self.load_only
+        parsers = self._parsers[self.load_only]
+        if not parsers:
+            # This should not happen if everything works correctly.
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Fatal Internal error [id=2]. Please report as a bug."
+            )
+
+        # Use the highest priority parser.
+        return parsers[-1]
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def _mark_as_modified(self, fname: str, parser: RawConfigParser) -> None:
+        file_parser_tuple = (fname, parser)
+        if file_parser_tuple not in self._modified_parsers:
+            self._modified_parsers.append(file_parser_tuple)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._dictionary!r})"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a89a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.sdist import SourceDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.wheel import WheelDistribution
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+def make_distribution_for_install_requirement(
+    install_req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> AbstractDistribution:
+    """Returns a Distribution for the given InstallRequirement"""
+    # Editable requirements will always be source distributions. They use the
+    # legacy logic until we create a modern standard for them.
+    if install_req.editable:
+        return SourceDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # If it's a wheel, it's a WheelDistribution
+    if install_req.is_wheel:
+        return WheelDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # Otherwise, a SourceDistribution
+    return SourceDistribution(install_req)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e4d0c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import abc
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+
+class AbstractDistribution(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """A base class for handling installable artifacts.
+
+    The requirements for anything installable are as follows:
+
+     - we must be able to determine the requirement name
+       (or we can't correctly handle the non-upgrade case).
+
+     - for packages with setup requirements, we must also be able
+       to determine their requirements without installing additional
+       packages (for the same reason as run-time dependencies)
+
+     - we must be able to create a Distribution object exposing the
+       above metadata.
+
+     - if we need to do work in the build tracker, we must be able to generate a unique
+       string to identify the requirement in the build tracker.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.req = req
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """A string that uniquely identifies this requirement to the build tracker.
+
+        If None, then this dist has no work to do in the build tracker, and
+        ``.prepare_distribution_metadata()`` will not be called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab8d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents an installed package.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as the required information has already
+    been computed.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert self.req.satisfied_by is not None, "not actually installed"
+        return self.req.satisfied_by
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28ea5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SourceDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a source distribution.
+
+    The preparation step for these needs metadata for the packages to be
+    generated, either using PEP 517 or using the legacy `setup.py egg_info`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Identify this requirement uniquely by its link."""
+        assert self.req.link
+        return self.req.link.url_without_fragment
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self.req.get_dist()
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Load pyproject.toml, to determine whether PEP 517 is to be used
+        self.req.load_pyproject_toml()
+
+        # Set up the build isolation, if this requirement should be isolated
+        should_isolate = self.req.use_pep517 and build_isolation
+        if should_isolate:
+            # Setup an isolated environment and install the build backend static
+            # requirements in it.
+            self._prepare_build_backend(finder)
+            # Check that if the requirement is editable, it either supports PEP 660 or
+            # has a setup.py or a setup.cfg. This cannot be done earlier because we need
+            # to setup the build backend to verify it supports build_editable, nor can
+            # it be done later, because we want to avoid installing build requirements
+            # needlessly. Doing it here also works around setuptools generating
+            # UNKNOWN.egg-info when running get_requires_for_build_wheel on a directory
+            # without setup.py nor setup.cfg.
+            self.req.isolated_editable_sanity_check()
+            # Install the dynamic build requirements.
+            self._install_build_reqs(finder)
+        # Check if the current environment provides build dependencies
+        should_check_deps = self.req.use_pep517 and check_build_deps
+        if should_check_deps:
+            pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+            assert pyproject_requires is not None
+            conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+                pyproject_requires
+            )
+            if conflicting:
+                self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+            if missing:
+                self._raise_missing_reqs(missing)
+        self.req.prepare_metadata()
+
+    def _prepare_build_backend(self, finder: "PackageFinder") -> None:
+        # Isolate in a BuildEnvironment and install the build-time
+        # requirements.
+        pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+        assert pyproject_requires is not None
+
+        self.req.build_env = BuildEnvironment()
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, pyproject_requires, "overlay", kind="build dependencies"
+        )
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+            self.req.requirements_to_check
+        )
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("PEP 517/518 supported requirements", conflicting)
+        if missing:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Missing build requirements in pyproject.toml for %s.",
+                self.req,
+            )
+            logger.warning(
+                "The project does not specify a build backend, and "
+                "pip cannot fall back to setuptools without %s.",
+                " and ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing))),
+            )
+
+    def _get_build_requires_wheel(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Getting requirements to build wheel")
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel()
+
+    def _get_build_requires_editable(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Getting requirements to build editable"
+            )
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_editable()
+
+    def _install_build_reqs(self, finder: "PackageFinder") -> None:
+        # Install any extra build dependencies that the backend requests.
+        # This must be done in a second pass, as the pyproject.toml
+        # dependencies must be installed before we can call the backend.
+        if (
+            self.req.editable
+            and self.req.permit_editable_wheels
+            and self.req.supports_pyproject_editable
+        ):
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_editable()
+        else:
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_wheel()
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(build_reqs)
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, missing, "normal", kind="backend dependencies"
+        )
+
+    def _raise_conflicts(
+        self, conflicting_with: str, conflicting_reqs: Set[Tuple[str, str]]
+    ) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} "
+            "conflict with {conflicting_with}: {description}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req,
+            conflicting_with=conflicting_with,
+            description=", ".join(
+                f"{installed} is incompatible with {wanted}"
+                for installed, wanted in sorted(conflicting_reqs)
+            ),
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
+
+    def _raise_missing_reqs(self, missing: Set[str]) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} are missing: {missing}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req, missing=", ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing)))
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfadd39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a wheel distribution.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as wheels can be directly unpacked.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Loads the metadata from the wheel file into memory and returns a
+        Distribution that uses it, not relying on the wheel file or
+        requirement.
+        """
+        assert self.req.local_file_path, "Set as part of preparation during download"
+        assert self.req.name, "Wheels are never unnamed"
+        wheel = FilesystemWheel(self.req.local_file_path)
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(self.req.name))
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2587740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+"""Exceptions used throughout package.
+
+This module MUST NOT try to import from anything within `pip._internal` to
+operate. This is expected to be importable from any/all files within the
+subpackage and, thus, should not depend on them.
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import contextlib
+import locale
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+from itertools import chain, groupby, repeat
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterator, List, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+    from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+
+    from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+    from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+#
+# Scaffolding
+#
+def _is_kebab_case(s: str) -> bool:
+    return re.match(r"^[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*$", s) is not None
+
+
+def _prefix_with_indent(
+    s: Union[Text, str],
+    console: Console,
+    *,
+    prefix: str,
+    indent: str,
+) -> Text:
+    if isinstance(s, Text):
+        text = s
+    else:
+        text = console.render_str(s)
+
+    return console.render_str(prefix, overflow="ignore") + console.render_str(
+        f"\n{indent}", overflow="ignore"
+    ).join(text.split(allow_blank=True))
+
+
+class PipError(Exception):
+    """The base pip error."""
+
+
+class DiagnosticPipError(PipError):
+    """An error, that presents diagnostic information to the user.
+
+    This contains a bunch of logic, to enable pretty presentation of our error
+    messages. Each error gets a unique reference. Each error can also include
+    additional context, a hint and/or a note -- which are presented with the
+    main error message in a consistent style.
+
+    This is adapted from the error output styling in `sphinx-theme-builder`.
+    """
+
+    reference: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        kind: 'Literal["error", "warning"]' = "error",
+        reference: Optional[str] = None,
+        message: Union[str, Text],
+        context: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        hint_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        note_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Ensure a proper reference is provided.
+        if reference is None:
+            assert hasattr(self, "reference"), "error reference not provided!"
+            reference = self.reference
+        assert _is_kebab_case(reference), "error reference must be kebab-case!"
+
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.reference = reference
+
+        self.message = message
+        self.context = context
+
+        self.note_stmt = note_stmt
+        self.hint_stmt = hint_stmt
+
+        self.link = link
+
+        super().__init__(f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {self.reference}>")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__}("
+            f"reference={self.reference!r}, "
+            f"message={self.message!r}, "
+            f"context={self.context!r}, "
+            f"note_stmt={self.note_stmt!r}, "
+            f"hint_stmt={self.hint_stmt!r}"
+            ")>"
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        colour = "red" if self.kind == "error" else "yellow"
+
+        yield f"[{colour} bold]{self.kind}[/]: [bold]{self.reference}[/]"
+        yield ""
+
+        if not options.ascii_only:
+            # Present the main message, with relevant context indented.
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]×[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]│[/] ",
+                )
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.context,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]╰─>[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]   [/] ",
+                )
+            else:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix="[red]×[/] ",
+                    indent="  ",
+                )
+        else:
+            yield self.message
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield ""
+                yield self.context
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None or self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield ""
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.note_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[magenta bold]note[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+        if self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.hint_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[cyan bold]hint[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+
+        if self.link is not None:
+            yield ""
+            yield f"Link: {self.link}"
+
+
+#
+# Actual Errors
+#
+class ConfigurationError(PipError):
+    """General exception in configuration"""
+
+
+class InstallationError(PipError):
+    """General exception during installation"""
+
+
+class MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml has `build-system`, but no `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "missing-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid pyproject.toml file.\n"
+                "The [build-system] table is missing the mandatory `requires` key."
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml an invalid `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "invalid-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str, reason: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid `build-system.requires` key in "
+                f"pyproject.toml.\n{reason}"
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class NoneMetadataError(PipError):
+    """Raised when accessing a Distribution's "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO".
+
+    This signifies an inconsistency, when the Distribution claims to have
+    the metadata file (if not, raise ``FileNotFoundError`` instead), but is
+    not actually able to produce its content. This may be due to permission
+    errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: "BaseDistribution",
+        metadata_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param dist: A Distribution object.
+        :param metadata_name: The name of the metadata being accessed
+            (can be "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO").
+        """
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.metadata_name = metadata_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Use `dist` in the error message because its stringification
+        # includes more information, like the version and location.
+        return f"None {self.metadata_name} metadata found for distribution: {self.dist}"
+
+
+class UserInstallationInvalid(InstallationError):
+    """A --user install is requested on an environment without user site."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "User base directory is not specified"
+
+
+class InvalidSchemeCombination(InstallationError):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        before = ", ".join(str(a) for a in self.args[:-1])
+        return f"Cannot set {before} and {self.args[-1]} together"
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a distribution cannot be found to satisfy a requirement"""
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParseError(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a general error occurs parsing a requirements file line."""
+
+
+class BestVersionAlreadyInstalled(PipError):
+    """Raised when the most up-to-date version of a package is already
+    installed."""
+
+
+class BadCommand(PipError):
+    """Raised when virtualenv or a command is not found"""
+
+
+class CommandError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there is an error in command-line arguments"""
+
+
+class PreviousBuildDirError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there's a previous conflicting build directory"""
+
+
+class NetworkConnectionError(PipError):
+    """HTTP connection error"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_msg: str,
+        response: Optional["Response"] = None,
+        request: Optional["Request"] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize NetworkConnectionError with  `request` and `response`
+        objects.
+        """
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = request
+        self.error_msg = error_msg
+        if (
+            self.response is not None
+            and not self.request
+            and hasattr(response, "request")
+        ):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(error_msg, response, request)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.error_msg)
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid wheel filename."""
+
+
+class UnsupportedWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported wheel."""
+
+
+class InvalidWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid (e.g. corrupt) wheel."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location: str, name: str):
+        self.location = location
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Wheel '{self.name}' located at {self.location} is invalid."
+
+
+class MetadataInconsistent(InstallationError):
+    """Built metadata contains inconsistent information.
+
+    This is raised when the metadata contains values (e.g. name and version)
+    that do not match the information previously obtained from sdist filename,
+    user-supplied ``#egg=`` value, or an install requirement name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, ireq: "InstallRequirement", field: str, f_val: str, m_val: str
+    ) -> None:
+        self.ireq = ireq
+        self.field = field
+        self.f_val = f_val
+        self.m_val = m_val
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Requested {self.ireq} has inconsistent {self.field}: "
+            f"expected {self.f_val!r}, but metadata has {self.m_val!r}"
+        )
+
+
+class MetadataInvalid(InstallationError):
+    """Metadata is invalid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, ireq: "InstallRequirement", error: str) -> None:
+        self.ireq = ireq
+        self.error = error
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Requested {self.ireq} has invalid metadata: {self.error}"
+
+
+class InstallationSubprocessError(DiagnosticPipError, InstallationError):
+    """A subprocess call failed."""
+
+    reference = "subprocess-exited-with-error"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        command_description: str,
+        exit_code: int,
+        output_lines: Optional[List[str]],
+    ) -> None:
+        if output_lines is None:
+            output_prompt = Text("See above for output.")
+        else:
+            output_prompt = (
+                Text.from_markup(f"[red][{len(output_lines)} lines of output][/]\n")
+                + Text("".join(output_lines))
+                + Text.from_markup(R"[red]\[end of output][/]")
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            message=(
+                f"[green]{escape(command_description)}[/] did not run successfully.\n"
+                f"exit code: {exit_code}"
+            ),
+            context=output_prompt,
+            hint_stmt=None,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a "
+                "problem with pip."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.command_description = command_description
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.command_description} exited with {self.exit_code}"
+
+
+class MetadataGenerationFailed(InstallationSubprocessError, InstallationError):
+    reference = "metadata-generation-failed"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        package_details: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        super(InstallationSubprocessError, self).__init__(
+            message="Encountered error while generating package metadata.",
+            context=escape(package_details),
+            hint_stmt="See above for details.",
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "metadata generation failed"
+
+
+class HashErrors(InstallationError):
+    """Multiple HashError instances rolled into one for reporting"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.errors: List["HashError"] = []
+
+    def append(self, error: "HashError") -> None:
+        self.errors.append(error)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        self.errors.sort(key=lambda e: e.order)
+        for cls, errors_of_cls in groupby(self.errors, lambda e: e.__class__):
+            lines.append(cls.head)
+            lines.extend(e.body() for e in errors_of_cls)
+        if lines:
+            return "\n".join(lines)
+        return ""
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.errors)
+
+
+class HashError(InstallationError):
+    """
+    A failure to verify a package against known-good hashes
+
+    :cvar order: An int sorting hash exception classes by difficulty of
+        recovery (lower being harder), so the user doesn't bother fretting
+        about unpinned packages when he has deeper issues, like VCS
+        dependencies, to deal with. Also keeps error reports in a
+        deterministic order.
+    :cvar head: A section heading for display above potentially many
+        exceptions of this kind
+    :ivar req: The InstallRequirement that triggered this error. This is
+        pasted on after the exception is instantiated, because it's not
+        typically available earlier.
+
+    """
+
+    req: Optional["InstallRequirement"] = None
+    head = ""
+    order: int = -1
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        """Return a summary of me for display under the heading.
+
+        This default implementation simply prints a description of the
+        triggering requirement.
+
+        :param req: The InstallRequirement that provoked this error, with
+            its link already populated by the resolver's _populate_link().
+
+        """
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.head}\n{self.body()}"
+
+    def _requirement_name(self) -> str:
+        """Return a description of the requirement that triggered me.
+
+        This default implementation returns long description of the req, with
+        line numbers
+
+        """
+        return str(self.req) if self.req else "unknown package"
+
+
+class VcsHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 0
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these requirements because we don't "
+        "have a way to hash version control repositories:"
+    )
+
+
+class DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 1
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these file:// requirements because they "
+        "point to directories:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMissing(HashError):
+    """A hash was needed for a requirement but is absent."""
+
+    order = 2
+    head = (
+        "Hashes are required in --require-hashes mode, but they are "
+        "missing from some requirements. Here is a list of those "
+        "requirements along with the hashes their downloaded archives "
+        "actually had. Add lines like these to your requirements files to "
+        "prevent tampering. (If you did not enable --require-hashes "
+        "manually, note that it turns on automatically when any package "
+        "has a hash.)"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, gotten_hash: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :param gotten_hash: The hash of the (possibly malicious) archive we
+            just downloaded
+        """
+        self.gotten_hash = gotten_hash
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        # Dodge circular import.
+        from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH
+
+        package = None
+        if self.req:
+            # In the case of URL-based requirements, display the original URL
+            # seen in the requirements file rather than the package name,
+            # so the output can be directly copied into the requirements file.
+            package = (
+                self.req.original_link
+                if self.req.is_direct
+                # In case someone feeds something downright stupid
+                # to InstallRequirement's constructor.
+                else getattr(self.req, "req", None)
+            )
+        return "    {} --hash={}:{}".format(
+            package or "unknown package", FAVORITE_HASH, self.gotten_hash
+        )
+
+
+class HashUnpinned(HashError):
+    """A requirement had a hash specified but was not pinned to a specific
+    version."""
+
+    order = 3
+    head = (
+        "In --require-hashes mode, all requirements must have their "
+        "versions pinned with ==. These do not:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMismatch(HashError):
+    """
+    Distribution file hash values don't match.
+
+    :ivar package_name: The name of the package that triggered the hash
+        mismatch. Feel free to write to this after the exception is raise to
+        improve its error message.
+
+    """
+
+    order = 4
+    head = (
+        "THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS "
+        "FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update "
+        "the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; "
+        "someone may have tampered with them."
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, allowed: Dict[str, List[str]], gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param allowed: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        :param gots: A dict of algorithm names pointing to hashes we
+            actually got from the files under suspicion
+        """
+        self.allowed = allowed
+        self.gots = gots
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}:\n{self._hash_comparison()}"
+
+    def _hash_comparison(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comparison of actual and expected hash values.
+
+        Example::
+
+               Expected sha256 abcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcde
+                            or 123451234512345123451234512345123451234512345
+                    Got        bcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdef
+
+        """
+
+        def hash_then_or(hash_name: str) -> "chain[str]":
+            # For now, all the decent hashes have 6-char names, so we can get
+            # away with hard-coding space literals.
+            return chain([hash_name], repeat("    or"))
+
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        for hash_name, expecteds in self.allowed.items():
+            prefix = hash_then_or(hash_name)
+            lines.extend((f"        Expected {next(prefix)} {e}") for e in expecteds)
+            lines.append(
+                f"             Got        {self.gots[hash_name].hexdigest()}\n"
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+class UnsupportedPythonVersion(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported python version according to Requires-Python package
+    metadata."""
+
+
+class ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(ConfigurationError):
+    """When there are errors while loading a configuration file"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        reason: str = "could not be loaded",
+        fname: Optional[str] = None,
+        error: Optional[configparser.Error] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(error)
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.fname = fname
+        self.error = error
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.fname is not None:
+            message_part = f" in {self.fname}."
+        else:
+            assert self.error is not None
+            message_part = f".\n{self.error}\n"
+        return f"Configuration file {self.reason}{message_part}"
+
+
+_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR = f"""\
+The Python environment under {sys.prefix} is managed externally, and may not be
+manipulated by the user. Please use specific tooling from the distributor of
+the Python installation to interact with this environment instead.
+"""
+
+
+class ExternallyManagedEnvironment(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """The current environment is externally managed.
+
+    This is raised when the current environment is externally managed, as
+    defined by `PEP 668`_. The ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` configuration is checked
+    and displayed when the error is bubbled up to the user.
+
+    :param error: The error message read from ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED``.
+    """
+
+    reference = "externally-managed-environment"
+
+    def __init__(self, error: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if error is None:
+            context = Text(_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR)
+        else:
+            context = Text(error)
+        super().__init__(
+            message="This environment is externally managed",
+            context=context,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your "
+                "Python installation or OS distribution provider. "
+                "You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python "
+                "installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages."
+            ),
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 668 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _iter_externally_managed_error_keys() -> Iterator[str]:
+        # LC_MESSAGES is in POSIX, but not the C standard. The most common
+        # platform that does not implement this category is Windows, where
+        # using other categories for console message localization is equally
+        # unreliable, so we fall back to the locale-less vendor message. This
+        # can always be re-evaluated when a vendor proposes a new alternative.
+        try:
+            category = locale.LC_MESSAGES
+        except AttributeError:
+            lang: Optional[str] = None
+        else:
+            lang, _ = locale.getlocale(category)
+        if lang is not None:
+            yield f"Error-{lang}"
+            for sep in ("-", "_"):
+                before, found, _ = lang.partition(sep)
+                if not found:
+                    continue
+                yield f"Error-{before}"
+        yield "Error"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(
+        cls,
+        config: Union[pathlib.Path, str],
+    ) -> "ExternallyManagedEnvironment":
+        parser = configparser.ConfigParser(interpolation=None)
+        try:
+            parser.read(config, encoding="utf-8")
+            section = parser["externally-managed"]
+            for key in cls._iter_externally_managed_error_keys():
+                with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                    return cls(section[key])
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, configparser.ParsingError):
+            from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE
+
+            exc_info = logger.isEnabledFor(VERBOSE)
+            logger.warning("Failed to read %s", config, exc_info=exc_info)
+        return cls(None)
+
+
+class UninstallMissingRecord(DiagnosticPipError):
+    reference = "uninstall-no-record-file"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, distribution: "BaseDistribution") -> None:
+        installer = distribution.installer
+        if not installer or installer == "pip":
+            dep = f"{distribution.raw_name}=={distribution.version}"
+            hint = Text.assemble(
+                "You might be able to recover from this via: ",
+                (f"pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps {dep}", "green"),
+            )
+        else:
+            hint = Text(
+                f"The package was installed by {installer}. "
+                "You should check if it can uninstall the package."
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            message=Text(f"Cannot uninstall {distribution}"),
+            context=(
+                "The package's contents are unknown: "
+                f"no RECORD file was found for {distribution.raw_name}."
+            ),
+            hint_stmt=hint,
+        )
+
+
+class LegacyDistutilsInstall(DiagnosticPipError):
+    reference = "uninstall-distutils-installed-package"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, distribution: "BaseDistribution") -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=Text(f"Cannot uninstall {distribution}"),
+            context=(
+                "It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately "
+                "determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial "
+                "uninstall."
+            ),
+            hint_stmt=None,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a17b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Index interaction code
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/sources.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/sources.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f8fdee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+"""
+The main purpose of this module is to expose LinkCollector.collect_sources().
+"""
+
+import collections
+import email.message
+import functools
+import itertools
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from html.parser import HTMLParser
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    MutableMapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+from pip._vendor.requests import Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.exceptions import RetryError, SSLError
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+from .sources import CandidatesFromPage, LinkSource, build_source
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ResponseHeaders = MutableMapping[str, str]
+
+
+def _match_vcs_scheme(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Look for VCS schemes in the URL.
+
+    Returns the matched VCS scheme, or None if there's no match.
+    """
+    for scheme in vcs.schemes:
+        if url.lower().startswith(scheme) and url[len(scheme)] in "+:":
+            return scheme
+    return None
+
+
+class _NotAPIContent(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, content_type: str, request_desc: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content_type, request_desc)
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.request_desc = request_desc
+
+
+def _ensure_api_header(response: Response) -> None:
+    """
+    Check the Content-Type header to ensure the response contains a Simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content-type.
+    """
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown")
+
+    content_type_l = content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith(
+        (
+            "text/html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+        )
+    ):
+        return
+
+    raise _NotAPIContent(content_type, response.request.method)
+
+
+class _NotHTTP(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _ensure_api_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> None:
+    """
+    Send a HEAD request to the URL, and ensure the response contains a simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotHTTP` if the URL is not available for a HEAD request, or
+    `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content type.
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    if scheme not in {"http", "https"}:
+        raise _NotHTTP()
+
+    resp = session.head(url, allow_redirects=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+
+def _get_simple_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> Response:
+    """Access an Simple API response with GET, and return the response.
+
+    This consists of three parts:
+
+    1. If the URL looks suspiciously like an archive, send a HEAD first to
+       check the Content-Type is HTML or Simple API, to avoid downloading a
+       large file. Raise `_NotHTTP` if the content type cannot be determined, or
+       `_NotAPIContent` if it is not HTML or a Simple API.
+    2. Actually perform the request. Raise HTTP exceptions on network failures.
+    3. Check the Content-Type header to make sure we got a Simple API response,
+       and raise `_NotAPIContent` otherwise.
+    """
+    if is_archive_file(Link(url).filename):
+        _ensure_api_response(url, session=session)
+
+    logger.debug("Getting page %s", redact_auth_from_url(url))
+
+    resp = session.get(
+        url,
+        headers={
+            "Accept": ", ".join(
+                [
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html; q=0.1",
+                    "text/html; q=0.01",
+                ]
+            ),
+            # We don't want to blindly returned cached data for
+            # /simple/, because authors generally expecting that
+            # twine upload && pip install will function, but if
+            # they've done a pip install in the last ~10 minutes
+            # it won't. Thus by setting this to zero we will not
+            # blindly use any cached data, however the benefit of
+            # using max-age=0 instead of no-cache, is that we will
+            # still support conditional requests, so we will still
+            # minimize traffic sent in cases where the page hasn't
+            # changed at all, we will just always incur the round
+            # trip for the conditional GET now instead of only
+            # once per 10 minutes.
+            # For more information, please see pypa/pip#5670.
+            "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
+        },
+    )
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    # The check for archives above only works if the url ends with
+    # something that looks like an archive. However that is not a
+    # requirement of an url. Unless we issue a HEAD request on every
+    # url we cannot know ahead of time for sure if something is a
+    # Simple API response or not. However we can check after we've
+    # downloaded it.
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Fetched page %s as %s",
+        redact_auth_from_url(url),
+        resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown"),
+    )
+
+    return resp
+
+
+def _get_encoding_from_headers(headers: ResponseHeaders) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if we have any encoding information in our headers."""
+    if headers and "Content-Type" in headers:
+        m = email.message.Message()
+        m["content-type"] = headers["Content-Type"]
+        charset = m.get_param("charset")
+        if charset:
+            return str(charset)
+    return None
+
+
+class CacheablePageContent:
+    def __init__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> None:
+        assert page.cache_link_parsing
+        self.page = page
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self.page.url == other.page.url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.page.url)
+
+
+class ParseLinks(Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]: ...
+
+
+def with_cached_index_content(fn: ParseLinks) -> ParseLinks:
+    """
+    Given a function that parses an Iterable[Link] from an IndexContent, cache the
+    function's result (keyed by CacheablePageContent), unless the IndexContent
+    `page` has `page.cache_link_parsing == False`.
+    """
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def wrapper(cacheable_page: CacheablePageContent) -> List[Link]:
+        return list(fn(cacheable_page.page))
+
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapper_wrapper(page: "IndexContent") -> List[Link]:
+        if page.cache_link_parsing:
+            return wrapper(CacheablePageContent(page))
+        return list(fn(page))
+
+    return wrapper_wrapper
+
+
+@with_cached_index_content
+def parse_links(page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]:
+    """
+    Parse a Simple API's Index Content, and yield its anchor elements as Link objects.
+    """
+
+    content_type_l = page.content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith("application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json"):
+        data = json.loads(page.content)
+        for file in data.get("files", []):
+            link = Link.from_json(file, page.url)
+            if link is None:
+                continue
+            yield link
+        return
+
+    parser = HTMLLinkParser(page.url)
+    encoding = page.encoding or "utf-8"
+    parser.feed(page.content.decode(encoding))
+
+    url = page.url
+    base_url = parser.base_url or url
+    for anchor in parser.anchors:
+        link = Link.from_element(anchor, page_url=url, base_url=base_url)
+        if link is None:
+            continue
+        yield link
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class IndexContent:
+    """Represents one response (or page), along with its URL.
+
+    :param encoding: the encoding to decode the given content.
+    :param url: the URL from which the HTML was downloaded.
+    :param cache_link_parsing: whether links parsed from this page's url
+                               should be cached. PyPI index urls should
+                               have this set to False, for example.
+    """
+
+    content: bytes
+    content_type: str
+    encoding: Optional[str]
+    url: str
+    cache_link_parsing: bool = True
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return redact_auth_from_url(self.url)
+
+
+class HTMLLinkParser(HTMLParser):
+    """
+    HTMLParser that keeps the first base HREF and a list of all anchor
+    elements' attributes.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(convert_charrefs=True)
+
+        self.url: str = url
+        self.base_url: Optional[str] = None
+        self.anchors: List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = []
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> None:
+        if tag == "base" and self.base_url is None:
+            href = self.get_href(attrs)
+            if href is not None:
+                self.base_url = href
+        elif tag == "a":
+            self.anchors.append(dict(attrs))
+
+    def get_href(self, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> Optional[str]:
+        for name, value in attrs:
+            if name == "href":
+                return value
+        return None
+
+
+def _handle_get_simple_fail(
+    link: Link,
+    reason: Union[str, Exception],
+    meth: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if meth is None:
+        meth = logger.debug
+    meth("Could not fetch URL %s: %s - skipping", link, reason)
+
+
+def _make_index_content(
+    response: Response, cache_link_parsing: bool = True
+) -> IndexContent:
+    encoding = _get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+    return IndexContent(
+        response.content,
+        response.headers["Content-Type"],
+        encoding=encoding,
+        url=response.url,
+        cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing,
+    )
+
+
+def _get_index_content(link: Link, *, session: PipSession) -> Optional["IndexContent"]:
+    url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+
+    # Check for VCS schemes that do not support lookup as web pages.
+    vcs_scheme = _match_vcs_scheme(url)
+    if vcs_scheme:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot look at %s URL %s because it does not support lookup as web pages.",
+            vcs_scheme,
+            link,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Tack index.html onto file:// URLs that point to directories
+    scheme, _, path, _, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    if scheme == "file" and os.path.isdir(urllib.request.url2pathname(path)):
+        # add trailing slash if not present so urljoin doesn't trim
+        # final segment
+        if not url.endswith("/"):
+            url += "/"
+        # TODO: In the future, it would be nice if pip supported PEP 691
+        #       style responses in the file:// URLs, however there's no
+        #       standard file extension for application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json
+        #       so we'll need to come up with something on our own.
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, "index.html")
+        logger.debug(" file: URL is directory, getting %s", url)
+
+    try:
+        resp = _get_simple_response(url, session=session)
+    except _NotHTTP:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because it looks like an archive, and cannot "
+            "be checked by a HTTP HEAD request.",
+            link,
+        )
+    except _NotAPIContent as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because the %s request got Content-Type: %s. "
+            "The only supported Content-Types are application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json, "
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html, and text/html",
+            link,
+            exc.request_desc,
+            exc.content_type,
+        )
+    except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except RetryError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except SSLError as exc:
+        reason = "There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: "
+        reason += str(exc)
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, reason, meth=logger.info)
+    except requests.ConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, f"connection error: {exc}")
+    except requests.Timeout:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, "timed out")
+    else:
+        return _make_index_content(resp, cache_link_parsing=link.cache_link_parsing)
+    return None
+
+
+class CollectedSources(NamedTuple):
+    find_links: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+    index_urls: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+
+
+class LinkCollector:
+    """
+    Responsible for collecting Link objects from all configured locations,
+    making network requests as needed.
+
+    The class's main method is its collect_sources() method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        search_scope: SearchScope,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.search_scope = search_scope
+        self.session = session
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        session: PipSession,
+        options: Values,
+        suppress_no_index: bool = False,
+    ) -> "LinkCollector":
+        """
+        :param session: The Session to use to make requests.
+        :param suppress_no_index: Whether to ignore the --no-index option
+            when constructing the SearchScope object.
+        """
+        index_urls = [options.index_url] + options.extra_index_urls
+        if options.no_index and not suppress_no_index:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring indexes: %s",
+                ",".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in index_urls),
+            )
+            index_urls = []
+
+        # Make sure find_links is a list before passing to create().
+        find_links = options.find_links or []
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope.create(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=options.no_index,
+        )
+        link_collector = LinkCollector(
+            session=session,
+            search_scope=search_scope,
+        )
+        return link_collector
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.find_links
+
+    def fetch_response(self, location: Link) -> Optional[IndexContent]:
+        """
+        Fetch an HTML page containing package links.
+        """
+        return _get_index_content(location, session=self.session)
+
+    def collect_sources(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    ) -> CollectedSources:
+        # The OrderedDict calls deduplicate sources by URL.
+        index_url_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=False,
+                cache_link_parsing=False,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.search_scope.get_index_urls_locations(project_name)
+        ).values()
+        find_links_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=True,
+                cache_link_parsing=True,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.find_links
+        ).values()
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            lines = [
+                f"* {s.link}"
+                for s in itertools.chain(find_links_sources, index_url_sources)
+                if s is not None and s.link is not None
+            ]
+            lines = [
+                f"{len(lines)} location(s) to search "
+                f"for versions of {project_name}:"
+            ] + lines
+            logger.debug("\n".join(lines))
+
+        return CollectedSources(
+            find_links=list(find_links_sources),
+            index_urls=list(index_url_sources),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d65ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@
+"""Routines related to PyPI, indexes"""
+
+import enum
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import InvalidVersion, _BaseVersion
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector, parse_links
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+
+__all__ = ["FormatControl", "BestCandidateResult", "PackageFinder"]
+
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+CandidateSortingKey = Tuple[int, int, int, _BaseVersion, Optional[int], BuildTag]
+
+
+def _check_link_requires_python(
+    link: Link,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the given Python version is compatible with a link's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+    """
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            link.requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring invalid Requires-Python (%r) for link: %s",
+            link.requires_python,
+            link,
+        )
+    else:
+        if not is_compatible:
+            version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+            if not ignore_requires_python:
+                logger.verbose(
+                    "Link requires a different Python (%s not in: %r): %s",
+                    version,
+                    link.requires_python,
+                    link,
+                )
+                return False
+
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check (%s not in: %r) for link: %s",
+                version,
+                link.requires_python,
+                link,
+            )
+
+    return True
+
+
+class LinkType(enum.Enum):
+    candidate = enum.auto()
+    different_project = enum.auto()
+    yanked = enum.auto()
+    format_unsupported = enum.auto()
+    format_invalid = enum.auto()
+    platform_mismatch = enum.auto()
+    requires_python_mismatch = enum.auto()
+
+
+class LinkEvaluator:
+    """
+    Responsible for evaluating links for a particular project.
+    """
+
+    _py_version_re = re.compile(r"-py([123]\.?[0-9]?)$")
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        canonical_name: str,
+        formats: FrozenSet[str],
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param project_name: The user supplied package name.
+        :param canonical_name: The canonical package name.
+        :param formats: The formats allowed for this package. Should be a set
+            with 'binary' or 'source' or both in it.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            evaluating link compatibility. This is used, for example, to
+            check wheel compatibility, as well as when checking the Python
+            version, e.g. the Python version embedded in a link filename
+            (or egg fragment) and against an HTML link's optional PEP 503
+            "data-requires-python" attribute.
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            PEP 503 "data-requires-python" values in HTML links. Defaults
+            to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._canonical_name = canonical_name
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._formats = formats
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.project_name = project_name
+
+    def evaluate_link(self, link: Link) -> Tuple[LinkType, str]:
+        """
+        Determine whether a link is a candidate for installation.
+
+        :return: A tuple (result, detail), where *result* is an enum
+            representing whether the evaluation found a candidate, or the reason
+            why one is not found. If a candidate is found, *detail* will be the
+            candidate's version string; if one is not found, it contains the
+            reason the link fails to qualify.
+        """
+        version = None
+        if link.is_yanked and not self._allow_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            return (LinkType.yanked, f"yanked for reason: {reason}")
+
+        if link.egg_fragment:
+            egg_info = link.egg_fragment
+            ext = link.ext
+        else:
+            egg_info, ext = link.splitext()
+            if not ext:
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "not a file")
+            if ext not in SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.format_unsupported,
+                    f"unsupported archive format: {ext}",
+                )
+            if "binary" not in self._formats and ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                reason = f"No binaries permitted for {self.project_name}"
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+            if "macosx10" in link.path and ext == ".zip":
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "macosx10 one")
+            if ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                try:
+                    wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+                except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                    return (
+                        LinkType.format_invalid,
+                        "invalid wheel filename",
+                    )
+                if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != self._canonical_name:
+                    reason = f"wrong project name (not {self.project_name})"
+                    return (LinkType.different_project, reason)
+
+                supported_tags = self._target_python.get_unsorted_tags()
+                if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                    # Include the wheel's tags in the reason string to
+                    # simplify troubleshooting compatibility issues.
+                    file_tags = ", ".join(wheel.get_formatted_file_tags())
+                    reason = (
+                        f"none of the wheel's tags ({file_tags}) are compatible "
+                        f"(run pip debug --verbose to show compatible tags)"
+                    )
+                    return (LinkType.platform_mismatch, reason)
+
+                version = wheel.version
+
+        # This should be up by the self.ok_binary check, but see issue 2700.
+        if "source" not in self._formats and ext != WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+            reason = f"No sources permitted for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+
+        if not version:
+            version = _extract_version_from_fragment(
+                egg_info,
+                self._canonical_name,
+            )
+        if not version:
+            reason = f"Missing project version for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_invalid, reason)
+
+        match = self._py_version_re.search(version)
+        if match:
+            version = version[: match.start()]
+            py_version = match.group(1)
+            if py_version != self._target_python.py_version:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.platform_mismatch,
+                    "Python version is incorrect",
+                )
+
+        supports_python = _check_link_requires_python(
+            link,
+            version_info=self._target_python.py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        if not supports_python:
+            reason = f"{version} Requires-Python {link.requires_python}"
+            return (LinkType.requires_python_mismatch, reason)
+
+        logger.debug("Found link %s, version: %s", link, version)
+
+        return (LinkType.candidate, version)
+
+
+def filter_unallowed_hashes(
+    candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    project_name: str,
+) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+    """
+    Filter out candidates whose hashes aren't allowed, and return a new
+    list of candidates.
+
+    If at least one candidate has an allowed hash, then all candidates with
+    either an allowed hash or no hash specified are returned.  Otherwise,
+    the given candidates are returned.
+
+    Including the candidates with no hash specified when there is a match
+    allows a warning to be logged if there is a more preferred candidate
+    with no hash specified.  Returning all candidates in the case of no
+    matches lets pip report the hash of the candidate that would otherwise
+    have been installed (e.g. permitting the user to more easily update
+    their requirements file with the desired hash).
+    """
+    if not hashes:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Given no hashes to check %s links for project %r: "
+            "discarding no candidates",
+            len(candidates),
+            project_name,
+        )
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        return list(candidates)
+
+    matches_or_no_digest = []
+    # Collect the non-matches for logging purposes.
+    non_matches = []
+    match_count = 0
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        link = candidate.link
+        if not link.has_hash:
+            pass
+        elif link.is_hash_allowed(hashes=hashes):
+            match_count += 1
+        else:
+            non_matches.append(candidate)
+            continue
+
+        matches_or_no_digest.append(candidate)
+
+    if match_count:
+        filtered = matches_or_no_digest
+    else:
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        filtered = list(candidates)
+
+    if len(filtered) == len(candidates):
+        discard_message = "discarding no candidates"
+    else:
+        discard_message = "discarding {} non-matches:\n  {}".format(
+            len(non_matches),
+            "\n  ".join(str(candidate.link) for candidate in non_matches),
+        )
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Checked %s links for project %r against %s hashes "
+        "(%s matches, %s no digest): %s",
+        len(candidates),
+        project_name,
+        hashes.digest_count,
+        match_count,
+        len(matches_or_no_digest) - match_count,
+        discard_message,
+    )
+
+    return filtered
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CandidatePreferences:
+    """
+    Encapsulates some of the preferences for filtering and sorting
+    InstallationCandidate objects.
+    """
+
+    prefer_binary: bool = False
+    allow_all_prereleases: bool = False
+
+
+class BestCandidateResult:
+    """A collection of candidates, returned by `PackageFinder.find_best_candidate`.
+
+    This class is only intended to be instantiated by CandidateEvaluator's
+    `compute_best_candidate()` method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        applicable_candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        best_candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param candidates: A sequence of all available candidates found.
+        :param applicable_candidates: The applicable candidates.
+        :param best_candidate: The most preferred candidate found, or None
+            if no applicable candidates were found.
+        """
+        assert set(applicable_candidates) <= set(candidates)
+
+        if best_candidate is None:
+            assert not applicable_candidates
+        else:
+            assert best_candidate in applicable_candidates
+
+        self._applicable_candidates = applicable_candidates
+        self._candidates = candidates
+
+        self.best_candidate = best_candidate
+
+    def iter_all(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through all candidates."""
+        return iter(self._candidates)
+
+    def iter_applicable(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through the applicable candidates."""
+        return iter(self._applicable_candidates)
+
+
+class CandidateEvaluator:
+    """
+    Responsible for filtering and sorting candidates for installation based
+    on what tags are valid.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        project_name: str,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> "CandidateEvaluator":
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object.
+
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+        :param hashes: An optional collection of allowed hashes.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+        if specifier is None:
+            specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet()
+
+        supported_tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+        return cls(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            prefer_binary=prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=allow_all_prereleases,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+        specifier: specifiers.BaseSpecifier,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param supported_tags: The PEP 425 tags supported by the target
+            Python in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        self._allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self._hashes = hashes
+        self._prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self._project_name = project_name
+        self._specifier = specifier
+        self._supported_tags = supported_tags
+        # Since the index of the tag in the _supported_tags list is used
+        # as a priority, precompute a map from tag to index/priority to be
+        # used in wheel.find_most_preferred_tag.
+        self._wheel_tag_preferences = {
+            tag: idx for idx, tag in enumerate(supported_tags)
+        }
+
+    def get_applicable_candidates(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the applicable candidates from a list of candidates.
+        """
+        # Using None infers from the specifier instead.
+        allow_prereleases = self._allow_all_prereleases or None
+        specifier = self._specifier
+
+        # We turn the version object into a str here because otherwise
+        # when we're debundled but setuptools isn't, Python will see
+        # packaging.version.Version and
+        # pkg_resources._vendor.packaging.version.Version as different
+        # types. This way we'll use a str as a common data interchange
+        # format. If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier
+        # and start using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+        candidates_and_versions = [(c, str(c.version)) for c in candidates]
+        versions = set(
+            specifier.filter(
+                (v for _, v in candidates_and_versions),
+                prereleases=allow_prereleases,
+            )
+        )
+
+        applicable_candidates = [c for c, v in candidates_and_versions if v in versions]
+        filtered_applicable_candidates = filter_unallowed_hashes(
+            candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            hashes=self._hashes,
+            project_name=self._project_name,
+        )
+
+        return sorted(filtered_applicable_candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+
+    def _sort_key(self, candidate: InstallationCandidate) -> CandidateSortingKey:
+        """
+        Function to pass as the `key` argument to a call to sorted() to sort
+        InstallationCandidates by preference.
+
+        Returns a tuple such that tuples sorting as greater using Python's
+        default comparison operator are more preferred.
+
+        The preference is as follows:
+
+        First and foremost, candidates with allowed (matching) hashes are
+        always preferred over candidates without matching hashes. This is
+        because e.g. if the only candidate with an allowed hash is yanked,
+        we still want to use that candidate.
+
+        Second, excepting hash considerations, candidates that have been
+        yanked (in the sense of PEP 592) are always less preferred than
+        candidates that haven't been yanked. Then:
+
+        If not finding wheels, they are sorted by version only.
+        If finding wheels, then the sort order is by version, then:
+          1. existing installs
+          2. wheels ordered via Wheel.support_index_min(self._supported_tags)
+          3. source archives
+        If prefer_binary was set, then all wheels are sorted above sources.
+
+        Note: it was considered to embed this logic into the Link
+              comparison operators, but then different sdist links
+              with the same version, would have to be considered equal
+        """
+        valid_tags = self._supported_tags
+        support_num = len(valid_tags)
+        build_tag: BuildTag = ()
+        binary_preference = 0
+        link = candidate.link
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+            try:
+                pri = -(
+                    wheel.find_most_preferred_tag(
+                        valid_tags, self._wheel_tag_preferences
+                    )
+                )
+            except ValueError:
+                raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel for this platform. It "
+                    "can't be sorted."
+                )
+            if self._prefer_binary:
+                binary_preference = 1
+            if wheel.build_tag is not None:
+                match = re.match(r"^(\d+)(.*)$", wheel.build_tag)
+                assert match is not None, "guaranteed by filename validation"
+                build_tag_groups = match.groups()
+                build_tag = (int(build_tag_groups[0]), build_tag_groups[1])
+        else:  # sdist
+            pri = -(support_num)
+        has_allowed_hash = int(link.is_hash_allowed(self._hashes))
+        yank_value = -1 * int(link.is_yanked)  # -1 for yanked.
+        return (
+            has_allowed_hash,
+            yank_value,
+            binary_preference,
+            candidate.version,
+            pri,
+            build_tag,
+        )
+
+    def sort_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the best candidate per the instance's sort order, or None if
+        no candidate is acceptable.
+        """
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+        best_candidate = max(candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+        return best_candidate
+
+    def compute_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """
+        Compute and return a `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        applicable_candidates = self.get_applicable_candidates(candidates)
+
+        best_candidate = self.sort_best_candidate(applicable_candidates)
+
+        return BestCandidateResult(
+            candidates,
+            applicable_candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            best_candidate=best_candidate,
+        )
+
+
+class PackageFinder:
+    """This finds packages.
+
+    This is meant to match easy_install's technique for looking for
+    packages, by reading pages and looking for appropriate links.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        candidate_prefs: Optional[CandidatePreferences] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        This constructor is primarily meant to be used by the create() class
+        method and from tests.
+
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object, used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param candidate_prefs: Options to use when creating a
+            CandidateEvaluator object.
+        """
+        if candidate_prefs is None:
+            candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences()
+
+        format_control = format_control or FormatControl(set(), set())
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._candidate_prefs = candidate_prefs
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._link_collector = link_collector
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.format_control = format_control
+
+        # These are boring links that have already been logged somehow.
+        self._logged_links: Set[Tuple[Link, LinkType, str]] = set()
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        selection_prefs: SelectionPreferences,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+    ) -> "PackageFinder":
+        """Create a PackageFinder.
+
+        :param selection_prefs: The candidate selection preferences, as a
+            SelectionPreferences object.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+
+        candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences(
+            prefer_binary=selection_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=selection_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            candidate_prefs=candidate_prefs,
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            allow_yanked=selection_prefs.allow_yanked,
+            format_control=selection_prefs.format_control,
+            ignore_requires_python=selection_prefs.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def target_python(self) -> TargetPython:
+        return self._target_python
+
+    @property
+    def search_scope(self) -> SearchScope:
+        return self._link_collector.search_scope
+
+    @search_scope.setter
+    def search_scope(self, search_scope: SearchScope) -> None:
+        self._link_collector.search_scope = search_scope
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self._link_collector.find_links
+
+    @property
+    def index_urls(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.index_urls
+
+    @property
+    def trusted_hosts(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        for host_port in self._link_collector.session.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield build_netloc(*host_port)
+
+    @property
+    def allow_all_prereleases(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases
+
+    def set_allow_all_prereleases(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases = True
+
+    @property
+    def prefer_binary(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary
+
+    def set_prefer_binary(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary = True
+
+    def requires_python_skipped_reasons(self) -> List[str]:
+        reasons = {
+            detail
+            for _, result, detail in self._logged_links
+            if result == LinkType.requires_python_mismatch
+        }
+        return sorted(reasons)
+
+    def make_link_evaluator(self, project_name: str) -> LinkEvaluator:
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+        formats = self.format_control.get_allowed_formats(canonical_name)
+
+        return LinkEvaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            canonical_name=canonical_name,
+            formats=formats,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            allow_yanked=self._allow_yanked,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    def _sort_links(self, links: Iterable[Link]) -> List[Link]:
+        """
+        Returns elements of links in order, non-egg links first, egg links
+        second, while eliminating duplicates
+        """
+        eggs, no_eggs = [], []
+        seen: Set[Link] = set()
+        for link in links:
+            if link not in seen:
+                seen.add(link)
+                if link.egg_fragment:
+                    eggs.append(link)
+                else:
+                    no_eggs.append(link)
+        return no_eggs + eggs
+
+    def _log_skipped_link(self, link: Link, result: LinkType, detail: str) -> None:
+        entry = (link, result, detail)
+        if entry not in self._logged_links:
+            # Put the link at the end so the reason is more visible and because
+            # the link string is usually very long.
+            logger.debug("Skipping link: %s: %s", detail, link)
+            self._logged_links.add(entry)
+
+    def get_install_candidate(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, link: Link
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        If the link is a candidate for install, convert it to an
+        InstallationCandidate and return it. Otherwise, return None.
+        """
+        result, detail = link_evaluator.evaluate_link(link)
+        if result != LinkType.candidate:
+            self._log_skipped_link(link, result, detail)
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            return InstallationCandidate(
+                name=link_evaluator.project_name,
+                link=link,
+                version=detail,
+            )
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            return None
+
+    def evaluate_links(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, links: Iterable[Link]
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Convert links that are candidates to InstallationCandidate objects.
+        """
+        candidates = []
+        for link in self._sort_links(links):
+            candidate = self.get_install_candidate(link_evaluator, link)
+            if candidate is not None:
+                candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        return candidates
+
+    def process_project_url(
+        self, project_url: Link, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Fetching project page and analyzing links: %s",
+            project_url,
+        )
+        index_response = self._link_collector.fetch_response(project_url)
+        if index_response is None:
+            return []
+
+        page_links = list(parse_links(index_response))
+
+        with indent_log():
+            package_links = self.evaluate_links(
+                link_evaluator,
+                links=page_links,
+            )
+
+        return package_links
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_all_candidates(self, project_name: str) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Find all available InstallationCandidate for project_name
+
+        This checks index_urls and find_links.
+        All versions found are returned as an InstallationCandidate list.
+
+        See LinkEvaluator.evaluate_link() for details on which files
+        are accepted.
+        """
+        link_evaluator = self.make_link_evaluator(project_name)
+
+        collected_sources = self._link_collector.collect_sources(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            candidates_from_page=functools.partial(
+                self.process_project_url,
+                link_evaluator=link_evaluator,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        page_candidates_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.page_candidates()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
+
+        file_links_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.file_links()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        file_candidates = self.evaluate_links(
+            link_evaluator,
+            sorted(file_links_it, reverse=True),
+        )
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and file_candidates:
+            paths = []
+            for candidate in file_candidates:
+                assert candidate.link.url  # we need to have a URL
+                try:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.file_path)
+                except Exception:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.url)  # it's not a local file
+
+            logger.debug("Local files found: %s", ", ".join(paths))
+
+        # This is an intentional priority ordering
+        return file_candidates + page_candidates
+
+    def make_candidate_evaluator(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> CandidateEvaluator:
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object to use."""
+        candidate_prefs = self._candidate_prefs
+        return CandidateEvaluator.create(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            prefer_binary=candidate_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """Find matches for the given project and specifier.
+
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+
+        :return: A `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
+        candidate_evaluator = self.make_candidate_evaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        return candidate_evaluator.compute_best_candidate(candidates)
+
+    def find_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Try to find a Link matching req
+
+        Expects req, an InstallRequirement and upgrade, a boolean
+        Returns a InstallationCandidate if found,
+        Raises DistributionNotFound or BestVersionAlreadyInstalled otherwise
+        """
+        hashes = req.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        best_candidate_result = self.find_best_candidate(
+            req.name,
+            specifier=req.specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        best_candidate = best_candidate_result.best_candidate
+
+        installed_version: Optional[_BaseVersion] = None
+        if req.satisfied_by is not None:
+            installed_version = req.satisfied_by.version
+
+        def _format_versions(cand_iter: Iterable[InstallationCandidate]) -> str:
+            # This repeated parse_version and str() conversion is needed to
+            # handle different vendoring sources from pip and pkg_resources.
+            # If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier and start
+            # using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+            return (
+                ", ".join(
+                    sorted(
+                        {str(c.version) for c in cand_iter},
+                        key=parse_version,
+                    )
+                )
+                or "none"
+            )
+
+        if installed_version is None and best_candidate is None:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+                "(from versions: %s)",
+                req,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_all()),
+            )
+
+            raise DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+        def _should_install_candidate(
+            candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+        ) -> "TypeGuard[InstallationCandidate]":
+            if installed_version is None:
+                return True
+            if best_candidate is None:
+                return False
+            return best_candidate.version > installed_version
+
+        if not upgrade and installed_version is not None:
+            if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) satisfies requirement "
+                    "(most up-to-date version is %s)",
+                    installed_version,
+                    best_candidate.version,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) is most up-to-date and "
+                    "satisfies requirement",
+                    installed_version,
+                )
+            return None
+
+        if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+            logger.debug(
+                "Using version %s (newest of versions: %s)",
+                best_candidate.version,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+            )
+            return best_candidate
+
+        # We have an existing version, and its the best version
+        logger.debug(
+            "Installed version (%s) is most up-to-date (past versions: %s)",
+            installed_version,
+            _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+        )
+        raise BestVersionAlreadyInstalled
+
+
+def _find_name_version_sep(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> int:
+    """Find the separator's index based on the package's canonical name.
+
+    :param fragment: A <package>+<version> filename "fragment" (stem) or
+        egg fragment.
+    :param canonical_name: The package's canonical name.
+
+    This function is needed since the canonicalized name does not necessarily
+    have the same length as the egg info's name part. An example::
+
+    >>> fragment = 'foo__bar-1.0'
+    >>> canonical_name = 'foo-bar'
+    >>> _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name)
+    8
+    """
+    # Project name and version must be separated by one single dash. Find all
+    # occurrences of dashes; if the string in front of it matches the canonical
+    # name, this is the one separating the name and version parts.
+    for i, c in enumerate(fragment):
+        if c != "-":
+            continue
+        if canonicalize_name(fragment[:i]) == canonical_name:
+            return i
+    raise ValueError(f"{fragment} does not match {canonical_name}")
+
+
+def _extract_version_from_fragment(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Parse the version string from a <package>+<version> filename
+    "fragment" (stem) or egg fragment.
+
+    :param fragment: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    :param canonical_name: The canonicalized name of the package this
+        belongs to.
+    """
+    try:
+        version_start = _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name) + 1
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    version = fragment[version_start:]
+    if not version:
+        return None
+    return version
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4626d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import (
+    InvalidSdistFilename,
+    InvalidVersion,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    canonicalize_name,
+    parse_sdist_filename,
+    parse_wheel_filename,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+FoundCandidates = Iterable[InstallationCandidate]
+FoundLinks = Iterable[Link]
+CandidatesFromPage = Callable[[Link], Iterable[InstallationCandidate]]
+PageValidator = Callable[[Link], bool]
+
+
+class LinkSource:
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        """Returns the underlying link, if there's one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        """Candidates found by parsing an archive listing HTML file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        """Links found by specifying archives directly."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _is_html_file(file_url: str) -> bool:
+    return mimetypes.guess_type(file_url, strict=False)[0] == "text/html"
+
+
+class _FlatDirectoryToUrls:
+    """Scans directory and caches results"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self._path = path
+        self._page_candidates: List[str] = []
+        self._project_name_to_urls: Dict[str, List[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._scanned_directory = False
+
+    def _scan_directory(self) -> None:
+        """Scans directory once and populates both page_candidates
+        and project_name_to_urls at the same time
+        """
+        for entry in os.scandir(self._path):
+            url = path_to_url(entry.path)
+            if _is_html_file(url):
+                self._page_candidates.append(url)
+                continue
+
+            # File must have a valid wheel or sdist name,
+            # otherwise not worth considering as a package
+            try:
+                project_filename = parse_wheel_filename(entry.name)[0]
+            except (InvalidWheelFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                try:
+                    project_filename = parse_sdist_filename(entry.name)[0]
+                except (InvalidSdistFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                    continue
+
+            self._project_name_to_urls[project_filename].append(url)
+        self._scanned_directory = True
+
+    @property
+    def page_candidates(self) -> List[str]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._page_candidates
+
+    @property
+    def project_name_to_urls(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._project_name_to_urls
+
+
+class _FlatDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """Link source specified by ``--find-links=<path-to-dir>``.
+
+    This looks the content of the directory, and returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on each HTML file in the directory.
+    * ``file_candidates``: Archives in the directory.
+    """
+
+    _paths_to_urls: Dict[str, _FlatDirectoryToUrls] = {}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        path: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._project_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+
+        # Get existing instance of _FlatDirectoryToUrls if it exists
+        if path in self._paths_to_urls:
+            self._path_to_urls = self._paths_to_urls[path]
+        else:
+            self._path_to_urls = _FlatDirectoryToUrls(path=path)
+            self._paths_to_urls[path] = self._path_to_urls
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return None
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.page_candidates:
+            yield from self._candidates_from_page(Link(url))
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.project_name_to_urls[self._project_name]:
+            yield Link(url)
+
+
+class _LocalFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<path-or-url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<path-or-url>``.
+
+    If a URL is supplied, it must be a ``file:`` URL. If a path is supplied to
+    the option, it is converted to a URL first. This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        if _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _RemoteFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<url>``.
+
+    This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        page_validator: PageValidator,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._page_validator = page_validator
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not self._page_validator(self._link):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _IndexDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """``--[extra-]index-url=<path-to-directory>``.
+
+    This is treated like a remote URL; ``candidates_from_page`` contains logic
+    for this by appending ``index.html`` to the link.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        return ()
+
+
+def build_source(
+    location: str,
+    *,
+    candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    page_validator: PageValidator,
+    expand_dir: bool,
+    cache_link_parsing: bool,
+    project_name: str,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[LinkSource]]:
+    path: Optional[str] = None
+    url: Optional[str] = None
+    if os.path.exists(location):  # Is a local path.
+        url = path_to_url(location)
+        path = location
+    elif location.startswith("file:"):  # A file: URL.
+        url = location
+        path = url_to_path(location)
+    elif is_url(location):
+        url = location
+
+    if url is None:
+        msg = (
+            "Location '%s' is ignored: "
+            "it is either a non-existing path or lacks a specific scheme."
+        )
+        logger.warning(msg, location)
+        return (None, None)
+
+    if path is None:
+        source: LinkSource = _RemoteFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            page_validator=page_validator,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if expand_dir:
+            source = _FlatDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                path=path,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+        else:
+            source = _IndexDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+            )
+        return (url, source)
+    elif os.path.isfile(path):
+        source = _LocalFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+    logger.warning(
+        "Location '%s' is ignored: it is neither a file nor a directory.",
+        location,
+    )
+    return (url, None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32382be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from . import _sysconfig
+from .base import (
+    USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    get_major_minor_version,
+    get_src_prefix,
+    is_osx_framework,
+    site_packages,
+    user_site,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "USER_CACHE_DIR",
+    "get_bin_prefix",
+    "get_bin_user",
+    "get_major_minor_version",
+    "get_platlib",
+    "get_purelib",
+    "get_scheme",
+    "get_src_prefix",
+    "site_packages",
+    "user_site",
+]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_PLATLIBDIR: str = getattr(sys, "platlibdir", "lib")
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT = sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
+
+
+def _should_use_sysconfig() -> bool:
+    """This function determines the value of _USE_SYSCONFIG.
+
+    By default, pip uses sysconfig on Python 3.10+.
+    But Python distributors can override this decision by setting:
+        sysconfig._PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG = True / False
+    Rationale in https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10647
+
+    This is a function for testability, but should be constant during any one
+    run.
+    """
+    return bool(getattr(sysconfig, "_PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG", _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT))
+
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG = _should_use_sysconfig()
+
+if not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    # Import distutils lazily to avoid deprecation warnings,
+    # but import it soon enough that it is in memory and available during
+    # a pip reinstall.
+    from . import _distutils
+
+# Be noisy about incompatibilities if this platforms "should" be using
+# sysconfig, but is explicitly opting out and using distutils instead.
+if _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT and not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.WARNING
+else:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG
+
+
+def _looks_like_bpo_44860() -> bool:
+    """The resolution to bpo-44860 will change this incorrect platlib.
+
+    See <https://bugs.python.org/issue44860>.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    try:
+        unix_user_platlib = INSTALL_SCHEMES["unix_user"]["platlib"]
+    except KeyError:
+        return False
+    return unix_user_platlib == "$usersite"
+
+
+def _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(scheme: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    platlib = scheme["platlib"]
+    if "/$platlibdir/" in platlib:
+        platlib = platlib.replace("/$platlibdir/", f"/{_PLATLIBDIR}/")
+    if "/lib64/" not in platlib:
+        return False
+    unpatched = platlib.replace("/lib64/", "/lib/")
+    return unpatched.replace("$platbase/", "$base/") == scheme["purelib"]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_lib() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches platlib in unix_prefix and unix_home, but not purelib.
+
+    This is the only way I can see to tell a Red Hat-patched Python.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return all(
+        k in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+        and _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(INSTALL_SCHEMES[k])
+        for k in ("unix_prefix", "unix_home")
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_debian_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Debian adds two additional schemes."""
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return "deb_system" in INSTALL_SCHEMES and "unix_local" in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``.
+
+    Red Hat's ``00251-change-user-install-location.patch`` changes the install
+    command's ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` to append ``"/local"``. This is
+    (fortunately?) done quite unconditionally, so we create a default command
+    object without any configuration to detect this.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import install
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    cmd: Any = install(Distribution())
+    cmd.finalize_options()
+    return (
+        cmd.exec_prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.exec_prefix)}/local"
+        and cmd.prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)}/local"
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_slackware_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Slackware patches sysconfig but fails to patch distutils and site.
+
+    Slackware changes sysconfig's user scheme to use ``"lib64"`` for the lib
+    path, but does not do the same to the site module.
+    """
+    if user_site is None:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    try:
+        paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme="posix_user", expand=False)
+    except KeyError:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    return "/lib64/" in paths["purelib"] and "/lib64/" not in user_site
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme() -> bool:
+    """MSYS2 patches distutils and sysconfig to use a UNIX-like scheme.
+
+    However, MSYS2 incorrectly patches sysconfig ``nt`` scheme. The fix is
+    likely going to be included in their 3.10 release, so we ignore the warning.
+    See msys2/MINGW-packages#9319.
+
+    MSYS2 MINGW's patch uses lowercase ``"lib"`` instead of the usual uppercase,
+    and is missing the final ``"site-packages"``.
+    """
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths("nt", expand=False)
+    return all(
+        "Lib" not in p and "lib" in p and not p.endswith("site-packages")
+        for p in (paths[key] for key in ("platlib", "purelib"))
+    )
+
+
+def _fix_abiflags(parts: Tuple[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    ldversion = sysconfig.get_config_var("LDVERSION")
+    abiflags = getattr(sys, "abiflags", None)
+
+    # LDVERSION does not end with sys.abiflags. Just return the path unchanged.
+    if not ldversion or not abiflags or not ldversion.endswith(abiflags):
+        yield from parts
+        return
+
+    # Strip sys.abiflags from LDVERSION-based path components.
+    for part in parts:
+        if part.endswith(ldversion):
+            part = part[: (0 - len(abiflags))]
+        yield part
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _warn_mismatched(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> None:
+    issue_url = "https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10151"
+    message = (
+        "Value for %s does not match. Please report this to <%s>"
+        "\ndistutils: %s"
+        "\nsysconfig: %s"
+    )
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, message, key, issue_url, old, new)
+
+
+def _warn_if_mismatch(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> bool:
+    if old == new:
+        return False
+    _warn_mismatched(old, new, key=key)
+    return True
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _log_context(
+    *,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    parts = [
+        "Additional context:",
+        "user = %r",
+        "home = %r",
+        "root = %r",
+        "prefix = %r",
+    ]
+
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, "\n".join(parts), user, home, root, prefix)
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+
+    warning_contexts = []
+    for k in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        old_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(old, k))
+        new_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(new, k))
+
+        if old_v == new_v:
+            continue
+
+        # distutils incorrectly put PyPy packages under ``site-packages/python``
+        # in the ``posix_home`` scheme, but PyPy devs said they expect the
+        # directory name to be ``pypy`` instead. So we treat this as a bug fix
+        # and not warn about it. See bpo-43307 and python/cpython#24628.
+        skip_pypy_special_case = (
+            sys.implementation.name == "pypy"
+            and home is not None
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and old_v.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.name.startswith("python")
+            and new_v.name.startswith("pypy")
+        )
+        if skip_pypy_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # sysconfig's ``osx_framework_user`` does not include ``pythonX.Y`` in
+        # the ``include`` value, but distutils's ``headers`` does. We'll let
+        # CPython decide whether this is a bug or feature. See bpo-43948.
+        skip_osx_framework_user_special_case = (
+            user
+            and is_osx_framework()
+            and k == "headers"
+            and old_v.parent.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.parent.name.startswith("python")
+        )
+        if skip_osx_framework_user_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # On Red Hat and derived Linux distributions, distutils is patched to
+        # use "lib64" instead of "lib" for platlib.
+        if k == "platlib" and _looks_like_red_hat_lib():
+            continue
+
+        # On Python 3.9+, sysconfig's posix_user scheme sets platlib against
+        # sys.platlibdir, but distutils's unix_user incorrectly coninutes
+        # using the same $usersite for both platlib and purelib. This creates a
+        # mismatch when sys.platlibdir is not "lib".
+        skip_bpo_44860 = (
+            user
+            and k == "platlib"
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and sys.version_info >= (3, 9)
+            and _PLATLIBDIR != "lib"
+            and _looks_like_bpo_44860()
+        )
+        if skip_bpo_44860:
+            continue
+
+        # Slackware incorrectly patches posix_user to use lib64 instead of lib,
+        # but not usersite to match the location.
+        skip_slackware_user_scheme = (
+            user
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and _looks_like_slackware_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_slackware_user_scheme:
+            continue
+
+        # Both Debian and Red Hat patch Python to place the system site under
+        # /usr/local instead of /usr. Debian also places lib in dist-packages
+        # instead of site-packages, but the /usr/local check should cover it.
+        skip_linux_system_special_case = (
+            not (user or home or prefix or running_under_virtualenv())
+            and old_v.parts[1:3] == ("usr", "local")
+            and len(new_v.parts) > 1
+            and new_v.parts[1] == "usr"
+            and (len(new_v.parts) < 3 or new_v.parts[2] != "local")
+            and (_looks_like_red_hat_scheme() or _looks_like_debian_scheme())
+        )
+        if skip_linux_system_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # MSYS2 MINGW's sysconfig patch does not include the "site-packages"
+        # part of the path. This is incorrect and will be fixed in MSYS.
+        skip_msys2_mingw_bug = (
+            WINDOWS and k in ("platlib", "purelib") and _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_msys2_mingw_bug:
+            continue
+
+        # CPython's POSIX install script invokes pip (via ensurepip) against the
+        # interpreter located in the source tree, not the install site. This
+        # triggers special logic in sysconfig that's not present in distutils.
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/8c21941ddaf/Lib/sysconfig.py#L178-L194
+        skip_cpython_build = (
+            sysconfig.is_python_build(check_home=True)
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and k in ("headers", "include", "platinclude")
+        )
+        if skip_cpython_build:
+            continue
+
+        warning_contexts.append((old_v, new_v, f"scheme.{k}"))
+
+    if not warning_contexts:
+        return old
+
+    # Check if this path mismatch is caused by distutils config files. Those
+    # files will no longer work once we switch to sysconfig, so this raises a
+    # deprecation message for them.
+    default_old = _distutils.distutils_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user,
+        home,
+        root,
+        isolated,
+        prefix,
+        ignore_config_files=True,
+    )
+    if any(default_old[k] != getattr(old, k) for k in SCHEME_KEYS):
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Configuring installation scheme with distutils config files "
+                "is deprecated and will no longer work in the near future. If you "
+                "are using a Homebrew or Linuxbrew Python, please see discussion "
+                "at https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/76621"
+            ),
+            replacement=None,
+            gone_in=None,
+        )
+        return old
+
+    # Post warnings about this mismatch so user can report them back.
+    for old_v, new_v, key in warning_contexts:
+        _warn_mismatched(old_v, new_v, key=key)
+    _log_context(user=user, home=home, root=root, prefix=prefix)
+
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="bin_prefix"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_user() -> str:
+    return _sysconfig.get_scheme("", user=True).scripts
+
+
+def _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value is Debian's APT-controlled dist-packages.
+
+    Debian's ``distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib()`` implementation returns the
+    default package path controlled by APT, but does not patch ``sysconfig`` to
+    do the same. This is similar to the bug worked around in ``get_scheme()``,
+    but here the default is ``deb_system`` instead of ``unix_local``. Ultimately
+    we can't do anything about this Debian bug, and this detection allows us to
+    skip the warning when needed.
+    """
+    if not _looks_like_debian_scheme():
+        return False
+    if value == "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages":
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    """Return the default pure-Python lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_purelib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_purelib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="purelib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    """Return the default platform-shared lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_platlib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    from . import _distutils
+
+    old = _distutils.get_platlib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="platlib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e18c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Locations where we look for configs, install stuff, etc"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+# If pip's going to use distutils, it should not be using the copy that setuptools
+# might have injected into the environment. This is done by removing the injected
+# shim, if it's injected.
+#
+# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8761 for the original discussion and
+# rationale for why this is done within pip.
+try:
+    __import__("_distutils_hack").remove_shim()
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from distutils.cmd import Command as DistutilsCommand
+from distutils.command.install import SCHEME_KEYS
+from distutils.command.install import install as distutils_install_command
+from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import get_major_minor_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def distutils_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    ignore_config_files: bool = False,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a distutils install scheme
+    """
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    dist_args: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]] = {"name": dist_name}
+    if isolated:
+        dist_args["script_args"] = ["--no-user-cfg"]
+
+    d = Distribution(dist_args)
+    if not ignore_config_files:
+        try:
+            d.parse_config_files()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            paths = d.find_config_files()
+            logger.warning(
+                "Ignore distutils configs in %s due to encoding errors.",
+                ", ".join(os.path.basename(p) for p in paths),
+            )
+    obj: Optional[DistutilsCommand] = None
+    obj = d.get_command_obj("install", create=True)
+    assert obj is not None
+    i = cast(distutils_install_command, obj)
+    # NOTE: setting user or home has the side-effect of creating the home dir
+    # or user base for installations during finalize_options()
+    # ideally, we'd prefer a scheme class that has no side-effects.
+    assert not (user and prefix), f"user={user} prefix={prefix}"
+    assert not (home and prefix), f"home={home} prefix={prefix}"
+    i.user = user or i.user
+    if user or home:
+        i.prefix = ""
+    i.prefix = prefix or i.prefix
+    i.home = home or i.home
+    i.root = root or i.root
+    i.finalize_options()
+
+    scheme = {}
+    for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        scheme[key] = getattr(i, "install_" + key)
+
+    # install_lib specified in setup.cfg should install *everything*
+    # into there (i.e. it takes precedence over both purelib and
+    # platlib).  Note, i.install_lib is *always* set after
+    # finalize_options(); we only want to override here if the user
+    # has explicitly requested it hence going back to the config
+    if "install_lib" in d.get_option_dict("install"):
+        scheme.update({"purelib": i.install_lib, "platlib": i.install_lib})
+
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if home:
+            prefix = home
+        elif user:
+            prefix = i.install_userbase
+        else:
+            prefix = i.prefix
+        scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(
+            prefix,
+            "include",
+            "site",
+            f"python{get_major_minor_version()}",
+            dist_name,
+        )
+
+        if root is not None:
+            path_no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(scheme["headers"]))[1]
+            scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(root, path_no_drive[1:])
+
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters. The distutils
+    documentation provides the context for the available schemes:
+    https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme and provides the base
+        directory for the same
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: equivalent to --no-user-cfg, i.e. do not consider
+        ~/.pydistutils.cfg (posix) or ~/pydistutils.cfg (non-posix) for
+        scheme paths
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    scheme = distutils_scheme(dist_name, user, home, root, isolated, prefix)
+    return Scheme(
+        platlib=scheme["platlib"],
+        purelib=scheme["purelib"],
+        headers=scheme["headers"],
+        scripts=scheme["scripts"],
+        data=scheme["data"],
+    )
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # XXX: In old virtualenv versions, sys.prefix can contain '..' components,
+    # so we need to call normpath to eliminate them.
+    prefix = os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)
+    if WINDOWS:
+        bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "Scripts")
+        # buildout uses 'bin' on Windows too?
+        if not os.path.exists(bin_py):
+            bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+        return bin_py
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs
+    # Also log to ~/Library/Logs/ for use with the Console.app log viewer
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=False)
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca860ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidSchemeCombination, UserInstallationInvalid
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import change_root, get_major_minor_version, is_osx_framework
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Notes on _infer_* functions.
+# Unfortunately ``get_default_scheme()`` didn't exist before 3.10, so there's no
+# way to ask things like "what is the '_prefix' scheme on this platform". These
+# functions try to answer that with some heuristics while accounting for ad-hoc
+# platforms not covered by CPython's default sysconfig implementation. If the
+# ad-hoc implementation does not fully implement sysconfig, we'll fall back to
+# a POSIX scheme.
+
+_AVAILABLE_SCHEMES = set(sysconfig.get_scheme_names())
+
+_PREFERRED_SCHEME_API = getattr(sysconfig, "get_preferred_scheme", None)
+
+
+def _should_use_osx_framework_prefix() -> bool:
+    """Check for Apple's ``osx_framework_library`` scheme.
+
+    Python distributed by Apple's Command Line Tools has this special scheme
+    that's used when:
+
+    * This is a framework build.
+    * We are installing into the system prefix.
+
+    This does not account for ``pip install --prefix`` (also means we're not
+    installing to the system prefix), which should use ``posix_prefix``, but
+    logic here means ``_infer_prefix()`` outputs ``osx_framework_library``. But
+    since ``prefix`` is not available for ``sysconfig.get_default_scheme()``,
+    which is the stdlib replacement for ``_infer_prefix()``, presumably Apple
+    wouldn't be able to magically switch between ``osx_framework_library`` and
+    ``posix_prefix``. ``_infer_prefix()`` returning ``osx_framework_library``
+    means its behavior is consistent whether we use the stdlib implementation
+    or our own, and we deal with this special case in ``get_scheme()`` instead.
+    """
+    return (
+        "osx_framework_library" in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES
+        and not running_under_virtualenv()
+        and is_osx_framework()
+    )
+
+
+def _infer_prefix() -> str:
+    """Try to find a prefix scheme for the current platform.
+
+    This tries:
+
+    * A special ``osx_framework_library`` for Python distributed by Apple's
+      Command Line Tools, when not running in a virtual environment.
+    * Implementation + OS, used by PyPy on Windows (``pypy_nt``).
+    * Implementation without OS, used by PyPy on POSIX (``pypy``).
+    * OS + "prefix", used by CPython on POSIX (``posix_prefix``).
+    * Just the OS name, used by CPython on Windows (``nt``).
+
+    If none of the above works, fall back to ``posix_prefix``.
+    """
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("prefix")
+    if _should_use_osx_framework_prefix():
+        return "osx_framework_library"
+    implementation_suffixed = f"{sys.implementation.name}_{os.name}"
+    if implementation_suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return implementation_suffixed
+    if sys.implementation.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return sys.implementation.name
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_prefix"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if os.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # On Windows, prefx is just called "nt".
+        return os.name
+    return "posix_prefix"
+
+
+def _infer_user() -> str:
+    """Try to find a user scheme for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("user")
+    if is_osx_framework() and not running_under_virtualenv():
+        suffixed = "osx_framework_user"
+    else:
+        suffixed = f"{os.name}_user"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if "posix_user" not in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # User scheme unavailable.
+        raise UserInstallationInvalid()
+    return "posix_user"
+
+
+def _infer_home() -> str:
+    """Try to find a home for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("home")
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_home"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    return "posix_home"
+
+
+# Update these keys if the user sets a custom home.
+_HOME_KEYS = [
+    "installed_base",
+    "base",
+    "installed_platbase",
+    "platbase",
+    "prefix",
+    "exec_prefix",
+]
+if sysconfig.get_config_var("userbase") is not None:
+    _HOME_KEYS.append("userbase")
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    root: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters.
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: ignored, but kept for distutils compatibility (where
+        this controls whether the user-site pydistutils.cfg is honored)
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    if user and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--user", "--prefix")
+    if home and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--home", "--prefix")
+
+    if home is not None:
+        scheme_name = _infer_home()
+    elif user:
+        scheme_name = _infer_user()
+    else:
+        scheme_name = _infer_prefix()
+
+    # Special case: When installing into a custom prefix, use posix_prefix
+    # instead of osx_framework_library. See _should_use_osx_framework_prefix()
+    # docstring for details.
+    if prefix is not None and scheme_name == "osx_framework_library":
+        scheme_name = "posix_prefix"
+
+    if home is not None:
+        variables = {k: home for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    elif prefix is not None:
+        variables = {k: prefix for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    else:
+        variables = {}
+
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme=scheme_name, vars=variables)
+
+    # Logic here is very arbitrary, we're doing it for compatibility, don't ask.
+    # 1. Pip historically uses a special header path in virtual environments.
+    # 2. If the distribution name is not known, distutils uses 'UNKNOWN'. We
+    #    only do the same when not running in a virtual environment because
+    #    pip's historical header path logic (see point 1) did not do this.
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if user:
+            base = variables.get("userbase", sys.prefix)
+        else:
+            base = variables.get("base", sys.prefix)
+        python_xy = f"python{get_major_minor_version()}"
+        paths["include"] = os.path.join(base, "include", "site", python_xy)
+    elif not dist_name:
+        dist_name = "UNKNOWN"
+
+    scheme = Scheme(
+        platlib=paths["platlib"],
+        purelib=paths["purelib"],
+        headers=os.path.join(paths["include"], dist_name),
+        scripts=paths["scripts"],
+        data=paths["data"],
+    )
+    if root is not None:
+        converted_keys = {}
+        for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+            converted_keys[key] = change_root(root, getattr(scheme, key))
+        scheme = Scheme(**converted_keys)
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs.
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and sys.prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["scripts"]
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"]
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["platlib"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f9f896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import site
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+# Application Directories
+USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")
+
+# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
+site_packages: str = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")
+
+
+def get_major_minor_version() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
+    "3.7" or "3.10".
+    """
+    return "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
+
+
+def change_root(new_root: str, pathname: str) -> str:
+    """Return 'pathname' with 'new_root' prepended.
+
+    If 'pathname' is relative, this is equivalent to os.path.join(new_root, pathname).
+    Otherwise, it requires making 'pathname' relative and then joining the
+    two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.
+
+    This is borrowed from Python's standard library's distutils module.
+    """
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        if not os.path.isabs(pathname):
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname)
+        else:
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname[1:])
+
+    elif os.name == "nt":
+        (drive, path) = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
+        if path[0] == "\\":
+            path = path[1:]
+        return os.path.join(new_root, path)
+
+    else:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Unknown platform: {os.name}\n"
+            "Can not change root path prefix on unknown platform."
+        )
+
+
+def get_src_prefix() -> str:
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "src")
+    else:
+        # FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
+        try:
+            src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "src")
+        except OSError:
+            # In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
+            sys.exit("The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found.")
+
+    # under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
+    # it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
+    return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)
+
+
+try:
+    # Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
+    # value is initialised properly.
+    user_site: typing.Optional[str] = site.getusersitepackages()
+except AttributeError:
+    user_site = site.USER_SITE
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def is_osx_framework() -> bool:
+    return bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c6d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa232b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Type, cast
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+from .base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment, FilesystemWheel, MemoryWheel, Wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BaseDistribution",
+    "BaseEnvironment",
+    "FilesystemWheel",
+    "MemoryWheel",
+    "Wheel",
+    "get_default_environment",
+    "get_environment",
+    "get_wheel_distribution",
+    "select_backend",
+]
+
+
+def _should_use_importlib_metadata() -> bool:
+    """Whether to use the ``importlib.metadata`` or ``pkg_resources`` backend.
+
+    By default, pip uses ``importlib.metadata`` on Python 3.11+, and
+    ``pkg_resourcess`` otherwise. This can be overridden by a couple of ways:
+
+    * If environment variable ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA`` is set, it
+      dictates whether ``importlib.metadata`` is used, regardless of Python
+      version.
+    * On Python 3.11+, Python distributors can patch ``importlib.metadata``
+      to add a global constant ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA = False``. This
+      makes pip use ``pkg_resources`` (unless the user set the aforementioned
+      environment variable to *True*).
+    """
+    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, ValueError):
+        return bool(strtobool(os.environ["_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA"]))
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        return False
+    import importlib.metadata
+
+    return bool(getattr(importlib.metadata, "_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA", True))
+
+
+class Backend(Protocol):
+    NAME: 'Literal["importlib", "pkg_resources"]'
+    Distribution: Type[BaseDistribution]
+    Environment: Type[BaseEnvironment]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def select_backend() -> Backend:
+    if _should_use_importlib_metadata():
+        from . import importlib
+
+        return cast(Backend, importlib)
+    from . import pkg_resources
+
+    return cast(Backend, pkg_resources)
+
+
+def get_default_environment() -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get the default representation for the current environment.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend. The default
+    Environment instance should be built from ``sys.path`` and may use caching
+    to share instance state accorss calls.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.default()
+
+
+def get_environment(paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get a representation of the environment specified by ``paths``.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend based on the
+    given import paths. The backend must build a fresh instance representing
+    the state of installed distributions when this function is called.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.from_paths(paths)
+
+
+def get_directory_distribution(directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the distribution metadata representation in the specified directory.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given on-disk ``.dist-info`` directory.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_directory(directory)
+
+
+def get_wheel_distribution(wheel: Wheel, canonical_name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the representation of the specified wheel's distribution metadata.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given wheel's ``.dist-info`` directory.
+
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given wheel.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_wheel(wheel, canonical_name)
+
+
+def get_metadata_distribution(
+    metadata_contents: bytes,
+    filename: str,
+    canonical_name: str,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the dist representation of the specified METADATA file contents.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend sourced from the data
+    in `metadata_contents`.
+
+    :param metadata_contents: Contents of a METADATA file within a dist, or one served
+                              via PEP 658.
+    :param filename: Filename for the dist this metadata represents.
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given dist.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_metadata_file_contents(
+        metadata_contents,
+        filename,
+        canonical_name,
+    )
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9097dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Extracted from https://github.com/pfmoore/pkg_metadata
+
+from email.header import Header, decode_header, make_header
+from email.message import Message
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union, cast
+
+METADATA_FIELDS = [
+    # Name, Multiple-Use
+    ("Metadata-Version", False),
+    ("Name", False),
+    ("Version", False),
+    ("Dynamic", True),
+    ("Platform", True),
+    ("Supported-Platform", True),
+    ("Summary", False),
+    ("Description", False),
+    ("Description-Content-Type", False),
+    ("Keywords", False),
+    ("Home-page", False),
+    ("Download-URL", False),
+    ("Author", False),
+    ("Author-email", False),
+    ("Maintainer", False),
+    ("Maintainer-email", False),
+    ("License", False),
+    ("Classifier", True),
+    ("Requires-Dist", True),
+    ("Requires-Python", False),
+    ("Requires-External", True),
+    ("Project-URL", True),
+    ("Provides-Extra", True),
+    ("Provides-Dist", True),
+    ("Obsoletes-Dist", True),
+]
+
+
+def json_name(field: str) -> str:
+    return field.lower().replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def msg_to_json(msg: Message) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Convert a Message object into a JSON-compatible dictionary."""
+
+    def sanitise_header(h: Union[Header, str]) -> str:
+        if isinstance(h, Header):
+            chunks = []
+            for bytes, encoding in decode_header(h):
+                if encoding == "unknown-8bit":
+                    try:
+                        # See if UTF-8 works
+                        bytes.decode("utf-8")
+                        encoding = "utf-8"
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        # If not, latin1 at least won't fail
+                        encoding = "latin1"
+                chunks.append((bytes, encoding))
+            return str(make_header(chunks))
+        return str(h)
+
+    result = {}
+    for field, multi in METADATA_FIELDS:
+        if field not in msg:
+            continue
+        key = json_name(field)
+        if multi:
+            value: Union[str, List[str]] = [
+                sanitise_header(v) for v in msg.get_all(field)  # type: ignore
+            ]
+        else:
+            value = sanitise_header(msg.get(field))  # type: ignore
+            if key == "keywords":
+                # Accept both comma-separated and space-separated
+                # forms, for better compatibility with old data.
+                if "," in value:
+                    value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(",")]
+                else:
+                    value = value.split()
+        result[key] = value
+
+    payload = cast(str, msg.get_payload())
+    if payload:
+        result["description"] = payload
+
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eabcdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+import csv
+import email.message
+import functools
+import json
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Container,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
+    DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+    DirectUrl,
+    DirectUrlValidationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs  # TODO: Move definition here.
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_sys_path
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_local, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+from ._json import msg_to_json
+
+InfoPath = Union[str, pathlib.PurePath]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BaseEntryPoint(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def group(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _convert_installed_files_path(
+    entry: Tuple[str, ...],
+    info: Tuple[str, ...],
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a legacy installed-files.txt path into modern RECORD path.
+
+    The legacy format stores paths relative to the info directory, while the
+    modern format stores paths relative to the package root, e.g. the
+    site-packages directory.
+
+    :param entry: Path parts of the installed-files.txt entry.
+    :param info: Path parts of the egg-info directory relative to package root.
+    :returns: The converted entry.
+
+    For best compatibility with symlinks, this does not use ``abspath()`` or
+    ``Path.resolve()``, but tries to work with path parts:
+
+    1. While ``entry`` starts with ``..``, remove the equal amounts of parts
+       from ``info``; if ``info`` is empty, start appending ``..`` instead.
+    2. Join the two directly.
+    """
+    while entry and entry[0] == "..":
+        if not info or info[-1] == "..":
+            info += ("..",)
+        else:
+            info = info[:-1]
+        entry = entry[1:]
+    return str(pathlib.Path(*info, *entry))
+
+
+class RequiresEntry(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    extra: str
+    marker: str
+
+
+class BaseDistribution(Protocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a metadata directory.
+
+        :param directory: Path to a metadata directory, e.g. ``.dist-info``.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from the contents of a METADATA file.
+
+        This is used to implement PEP 658 by generating a "shallow" dist object that can
+        be used for resolution without downloading or building the actual dist yet.
+
+        :param metadata_contents: The contents of a METADATA file.
+        :param filename: File name for the dist with this metadata.
+        :param project_name: Name of the project this dist represents.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: "Wheel", name: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a given wheel.
+
+        :param wheel: A concrete wheel definition.
+        :param name: File name of the wheel.
+
+        :raises InvalidWheel: Whenever loading of the wheel causes a
+            :py:exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` exception to be thrown.
+        :raises UnsupportedWheel: If the wheel is a valid zip, but malformed
+            internally.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version} ({self.location})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version}"
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Where the distribution is loaded from.
+
+        A string value is not necessarily a filesystem path, since distributions
+        can be loaded from other sources, e.g. arbitrary zip archives. ``None``
+        means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def editable_project_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The project location for editable distributions.
+
+        This is the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is located.
+        None if the distribution is not installed in editable mode.
+        """
+        # TODO: this property is relatively costly to compute, memoize it ?
+        direct_url = self.direct_url
+        if direct_url:
+            if direct_url.is_local_editable():
+                return url_to_path(direct_url.url)
+        else:
+            # Search for an .egg-link file by walking sys.path, as it was
+            # done before by dist_is_editable().
+            egg_link_path = egg_link_path_from_sys_path(self.raw_name)
+            if egg_link_path:
+                # TODO: get project location from second line of egg_link file
+                #       (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10243)
+                return self.location
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The distribution's "installed" location.
+
+        This should generally be a ``site-packages`` directory. This is
+        usually ``dist.location``, except for legacy develop-installed packages,
+        where ``dist.location`` is the source code location, and this is where
+        the ``.egg-link`` file is.
+
+        The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Location of the .[egg|dist]-info directory or file.
+
+        Similarly to ``location``, a string value is not necessarily a
+        filesystem path. ``None`` means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        For a modern .dist-info installation on disk, this should be something
+        like ``{location}/{raw_name}-{version}.dist-info``.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and other files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with legacy distutils format.
+
+        A distribution installed with "raw" distutils not patched by setuptools
+        uses one single file at ``info_location`` to store metadata. We need to
+        treat this specially on uninstallation.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_file()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_as_egg(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed as an egg.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed by (older versions
+        of) easy_install.
+        """
+        location = self.location
+        if not location:
+            return False
+        return location.endswith(".egg")
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_setuptools_egg_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the ``.egg-info`` format.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed with setuptools
+        with an old pip version or with ``single-version-externally-managed``.
+
+        Note that this ensure the metadata store is a directory. distutils can
+        also installs an ``.egg-info``, but as a file, not a directory. This
+        property is *False* for that case. Also see ``installed_by_distutils``.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_dist_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the "modern format".
+
+        This indicates a "modern" installation, e.g. storing metadata in the
+        ``.dist-info`` directory. This applies to installations made by
+        setuptools (but through pip, not directly), or anything using the
+        standardized build backend interface (PEP 517).
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".dist-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def raw_version(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def setuptools_filename(self) -> str:
+        """Convert a project name to its setuptools-compatible filename.
+
+        This is a copy of ``pkg_resources.to_filename()`` for compatibility.
+        """
+        return self.raw_name.replace("-", "_")
+
+    @property
+    def direct_url(self) -> Optional[DirectUrl]:
+        """Obtain a DirectUrl from this distribution.
+
+        Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
+        or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return DirectUrl.from_json(content)
+        except (
+            UnicodeDecodeError,
+            json.JSONDecodeError,
+            DirectUrlValidationError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
+                DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+                self.canonical_name,
+                e,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def installer(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            installer_text = self.read_text("INSTALLER")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, NoneMetadataError):
+            return ""  # Fail silently if the installer file cannot be read.
+        for line in installer_text.splitlines():
+            cleaned_line = line.strip()
+            if cleaned_line:
+                return cleaned_line
+        return ""
+
+    @property
+    def requested(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file("REQUESTED")
+
+    @property
+    def editable(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.editable_project_location)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> bool:
+        """If distribution is installed in the current virtual environment.
+
+        Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
+        """
+        if self.installed_location is None:
+            return False
+        return is_local(self.installed_location)
+
+    @property
+    def in_usersite(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or user_site is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))
+
+    @property
+    def in_site_packages(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or site_packages is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an entry in the info directory is a file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Find distutils 'scripts' entries metadata.
+
+        If 'scripts' is supplied in ``setup.py``, distutils records those in the
+        installed distribution's ``scripts`` directory, a file for each script.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        """Read a file in the info directory.
+
+        :raise FileNotFoundError: If ``path`` does not exist in the directory.
+        :raise NoneMetadataError: If ``path`` exists in the info directory, but
+            cannot be read.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def metadata(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """Metadata of distribution parsed from e.g. METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty message if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        metadata = self._metadata_impl()
+        self._add_egg_info_requires(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """PEP 566 compliant JSON-serializable representation of METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty dict if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return msg_to_json(self.metadata)
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_version(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Value of "Metadata-Version:" in distribution metadata, if available."""
+        return self.metadata.get("Metadata-Version")
+
+    @property
+    def raw_name(self) -> str:
+        """Value of "Name:" in distribution metadata."""
+        # The metadata should NEVER be missing the Name: key, but if it somehow
+        # does, fall back to the known canonical name.
+        return self.metadata.get("Name", self.canonical_name)
+
+    @property
+    def requires_python(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        """Value of "Requires-Python:" in distribution metadata.
+
+        If the key does not exist or contains an invalid value, an empty
+        SpecifierSet should be returned.
+        """
+        value = self.metadata.get("Requires-Python")
+        if value is None:
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        try:
+            # Convert to str to satisfy the type checker; this can be a Header object.
+            spec = SpecifierSet(str(value))
+        except InvalidSpecifier as e:
+            message = "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s"
+            logger.warning(message, self.raw_name, e)
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        return spec
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        """Dependencies of this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Requires-Dist:" entries in distribution metadata.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_raw_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Raw Requires-Dist metadata."""
+        return self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", [])
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[NormalizedName]:
+        """Extras provided by this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Provides-Extra:" entries in distribution metadata.
+
+        The return value of this function is expected to be normalised names,
+        per PEP 685, with the returned value being handled appropriately by
+        `iter_dependencies`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_record(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("RECORD")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        # This extra Path-str cast normalizes entries.
+        return (str(pathlib.Path(row[0])) for row in csv.reader(text.splitlines()))
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_legacy(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("installed-files.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        paths = (p for p in text.splitlines(keepends=False) if p)
+        root = self.location
+        info = self.info_location
+        if root is None or info is None:
+            return paths
+        try:
+            info_rel = pathlib.Path(info).relative_to(root)
+        except ValueError:  # info is not relative to root.
+            return paths
+        if not info_rel.parts:  # info *is* root.
+            return paths
+        return (
+            _convert_installed_files_path(pathlib.Path(p).parts, info_rel.parts)
+            for p in paths
+        )
+
+    def iter_declared_entries(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        """Iterate through file entries declared in this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the files listed in the
+        ``RECORD`` metadata file. For legacy setuptools distributions, this
+        comes from ``installed-files.txt``, with entries normalized to be
+        compatible with the format used by ``RECORD``.
+
+        :return: An iterator for listed entries, or None if the distribution
+            contains neither ``RECORD`` nor ``installed-files.txt``.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._iter_declared_entries_from_record()
+            or self._iter_declared_entries_from_legacy()
+        )
+
+    def _iter_requires_txt_entries(self) -> Iterator[RequiresEntry]:
+        """Parse a ``requires.txt`` in an egg-info directory.
+
+        This is an INI-ish format where an egg-info stores dependencies. A
+        section name describes extra other environment markers, while each entry
+        is an arbitrary string (not a key-value pair) representing a dependency
+        as a requirement string (no markers).
+
+        There is a construct in ``importlib.metadata`` called ``Sectioned`` that
+        does mostly the same, but the format is currently considered private.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text("requires.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return
+        extra = marker = ""  # Section-less entries don't have markers.
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):  # Comment; ignored.
+                continue
+            if line.startswith("[") and line.endswith("]"):  # A section header.
+                extra, _, marker = line.strip("[]").partition(":")
+                continue
+            yield RequiresEntry(requirement=line, extra=extra, marker=marker)
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get extras from the egg-info directory."""
+        known_extras = {""}
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra in known_extras:
+                continue
+            known_extras.add(extra)
+            yield extra
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get distribution dependencies from the egg-info directory.
+
+        To ease parsing, this converts a legacy dependency entry into a PEP 508
+        requirement string. Like ``_iter_requires_txt_entries()``, there is code
+        in ``importlib.metadata`` that does mostly the same, but not do exactly
+        what we need.
+
+        Namely, ``importlib.metadata`` does not normalize the extra name before
+        putting it into the requirement string, which causes marker comparison
+        to fail because the dist-info format do normalize. This is consistent in
+        all currently available PEP 517 backends, although not standardized.
+        """
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra and entry.marker:
+                marker = f'({entry.marker}) and extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif extra:
+                marker = f'extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif entry.marker:
+                marker = entry.marker
+            else:
+                marker = ""
+            if marker:
+                yield f"{entry.requirement} ; {marker}"
+            else:
+                yield entry.requirement
+
+    def _add_egg_info_requires(self, metadata: email.message.Message) -> None:
+        """Add egg-info requires.txt information to the metadata."""
+        if not metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist"):
+            for dep in self._iter_egg_info_dependencies():
+                metadata["Requires-Dist"] = dep
+        if not metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"):
+            for extra in self._iter_egg_info_extras():
+                metadata["Provides-Extra"] = extra
+
+
+class BaseEnvironment:
+    """An environment containing distributions to introspect."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Given a requirement name, return the installed distributions.
+
+        The name may not be normalized. The implementation must canonicalize
+        it for lookup.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Iterate through installed distributions.
+
+        This function should be implemented by subclass, but never called
+        directly. Use the public ``iter_distribution()`` instead, which
+        implements additional logic to make sure the distributions are valid.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_all_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Iterate through all installed distributions without any filtering."""
+        for dist in self._iter_distributions():
+            # Make sure the distribution actually comes from a valid Python
+            # packaging distribution. Pip's AdjacentTempDirectory leaves folders
+            # e.g. ``~atplotlib.dist-info`` if cleanup was interrupted. The
+            # valid project name pattern is taken from PEP 508.
+            project_name_valid = re.match(
+                r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                flags=re.IGNORECASE,
+            )
+            if not project_name_valid:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid distribution %s (%s)",
+                    dist.canonical_name,
+                    dist.location,
+                )
+                continue
+            yield dist
+
+    def iter_installed_distributions(
+        self,
+        local_only: bool = True,
+        skip: Container[str] = stdlib_pkgs,
+        include_editables: bool = True,
+        editables_only: bool = False,
+        user_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Return a list of installed distributions.
+
+        This is based on ``iter_all_distributions()`` with additional filtering
+        options. Note that ``iter_installed_distributions()`` without arguments
+        is *not* equal to ``iter_all_distributions()``, since some of the
+        configurations exclude packages by default.
+
+        :param local_only: If True (default), only return installations
+        local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
+        :param skip: An iterable of canonicalized project names to ignore;
+            defaults to ``stdlib_pkgs``.
+        :param include_editables: If False, don't report editables.
+        :param editables_only: If True, only report editables.
+        :param user_only: If True, only report installations in the user
+        site directory.
+        """
+        it = self.iter_all_distributions()
+        if local_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.local)
+        if not include_editables:
+            it = (d for d in it if not d.editable)
+        if editables_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.editable)
+        if user_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.in_usersite)
+        return (d for d in it if d.canonical_name not in skip)
+
+
+class Wheel(Protocol):
+    location: str
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FilesystemWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.location, allowZip64=True)
+
+
+class MemoryWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.stream, allowZip64=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a779138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from ._dists import Distribution
+from ._envs import Environment
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+NAME = "importlib"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1e815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import importlib.metadata
+import os
+from typing import Any, Optional, Protocol, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+
+class BadMetadata(ValueError):
+    def __init__(self, dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution, *, reason: str) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.reason = reason
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bad metadata in {self.dist} ({self.reason})"
+
+
+class BasePath(Protocol):
+    """A protocol that various path objects conform.
+
+    This exists because importlib.metadata uses both ``pathlib.Path`` and
+    ``zipfile.Path``, and we need a common base for type hints (Union does not
+    work well since ``zipfile.Path`` is too new for our linter setup).
+
+    This does not mean to be exhaustive, but only contains things that present
+    in both classes *that we need*.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> "BasePath":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def get_info_location(d: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> Optional[BasePath]:
+    """Find the path to the distribution's metadata directory.
+
+    HACK: This relies on importlib.metadata's private ``_path`` attribute. Not
+    all distributions exist on disk, so importlib.metadata is correct to not
+    expose the attribute as public. But pip's code base is old and not as clean,
+    so we do this to avoid having to rewrite too many things. Hopefully we can
+    eliminate this some day.
+    """
+    return getattr(d, "_path", None)
+
+
+def parse_name_and_version_from_info_directory(
+    dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+    """Get a name and version from the metadata directory name.
+
+    This is much faster than reading distribution metadata.
+    """
+    info_location = get_info_location(dist)
+    if info_location is None:
+        return None, None
+
+    stem, suffix = os.path.splitext(info_location.name)
+    if suffix == ".dist-info":
+        name, sep, version = stem.partition("-")
+        if sep:
+            return name, version
+
+    if suffix == ".egg-info":
+        name = stem.split("-", 1)[0]
+        return name, None
+
+    return None, None
+
+
+def get_dist_canonical_name(dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> NormalizedName:
+    """Get the distribution's normalized name.
+
+    The ``name`` attribute is only available in Python 3.10 or later. We are
+    targeting exactly that, but Mypy does not know this.
+    """
+    if name := parse_name_and_version_from_info_directory(dist)[0]:
+        return canonicalize_name(name)
+
+    name = cast(Any, dist).name
+    if not isinstance(name, str):
+        raise BadMetadata(dist, reason="invalid metadata entry 'name'")
+    return canonicalize_name(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36cd326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import email.message
+import importlib.metadata
+import pathlib
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from ._compat import (
+    BasePath,
+    get_dist_canonical_name,
+    parse_name_and_version_from_info_directory,
+)
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(importlib.metadata.Distribution):
+    """An ``importlib.metadata.Distribution`` read from a wheel.
+
+    Although ``importlib.metadata.PathDistribution`` accepts ``zipfile.Path``,
+    its implementation is too "lazy" for pip's needs (we can't keep the ZipFile
+    handle open for the entire lifetime of the distribution object).
+
+    This implementation eagerly reads the entire metadata directory into the
+    memory instead, and operates from that.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        files: Mapping[pathlib.PurePosixPath, bytes],
+        info_location: pathlib.PurePosixPath,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._files = files
+        self.info_location = info_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_zipfile(
+        cls,
+        zf: zipfile.ZipFile,
+        name: str,
+        location: str,
+    ) -> "WheelDistribution":
+        info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+        paths = (
+            (name, pathlib.PurePosixPath(name.split("/", 1)[-1]))
+            for name in zf.namelist()
+            if name.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+        )
+        files = {
+            relpath: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, fullpath)
+            for fullpath, relpath in paths
+        }
+        info_location = pathlib.PurePosixPath(location, info_dir)
+        return cls(files, info_location)
+
+    def iterdir(self, path: InfoPath) -> Iterator[pathlib.PurePosixPath]:
+        # Only allow iterating through the metadata directory.
+        if pathlib.PurePosixPath(str(path)) in self._files:
+            return iter(self._files)
+        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def read_text(self, filename: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        try:
+            data = self._files[pathlib.PurePosixPath(filename)]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            text = data.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            wheel = self.info_location.parent
+            error = f"Error decoding metadata for {wheel}: {e} in {filename} file"
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(error)
+        return text
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution,
+        info_location: Optional[BasePath],
+        installed_location: Optional[BasePath],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._info_location = info_location
+        self._installed_location = installed_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        info_location = pathlib.Path(directory)
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(info_location)
+        return cls(dist, info_location, info_location.parent)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        # Generate temp dir to contain the metadata file, and write the file contents.
+        temp_dir = pathlib.Path(
+            TempDirectory(kind="metadata", globally_managed=True).path
+        )
+        metadata_path = temp_dir / "METADATA"
+        metadata_path.write_bytes(metadata_contents)
+        # Construct dist pointing to the newly created directory.
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(metadata_path.parent)
+        return cls(dist, metadata_path.parent, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                dist = WheelDistribution.from_zipfile(zf, name, wheel.location)
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        return cls(dist, dist.info_location, pathlib.PurePosixPath(wheel.location))
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location.parent)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location)
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._installed_location is None:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(str(self._installed_location))
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return get_dist_canonical_name(self._dist)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        if version := parse_name_and_version_from_info_directory(self._dist)[1]:
+            return parse_version(version)
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_version(self) -> str:
+        return self._dist.version
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.read_text(str(path)) is not None
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        # A distutils installation is always "flat" (not in e.g. egg form), so
+        # if this distribution's info location is NOT a pathlib.Path (but e.g.
+        # zipfile.Path), it can never contain any distutils scripts.
+        if not isinstance(self._info_location, pathlib.Path):
+            return
+        for child in self._info_location.joinpath("scripts").iterdir():
+            yield child.name
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        content = self._dist.read_text(str(path))
+        if content is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        # importlib.metadata's EntryPoint structure sasitfies BaseEntryPoint.
+        return self._dist.entry_points
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        # From Python 3.10+, importlib.metadata declares PackageMetadata as the
+        # return type. This protocol is unfortunately a disaster now and misses
+        # a ton of fields that we need, including get() and get_payload(). We
+        # rely on the implementation that the object is actually a Message now,
+        # until upstream can improve the protocol. (python/cpython#94952)
+        return cast(email.message.Message, self._dist.metadata)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[NormalizedName]:
+        return [
+            canonicalize_name(extra)
+            for extra in self.metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
+        ]
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        contexts: Sequence[Dict[str, str]] = [{"extra": e} for e in extras]
+        for req_string in self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", []):
+            # strip() because email.message.Message.get_all() may return a leading \n
+            # in case a long header was wrapped.
+            req = get_requirement(req_string.strip())
+            if not req.marker:
+                yield req
+            elif not extras and req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                yield req
+            elif any(req.marker.evaluate(context) for context in contexts):
+                yield req
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70cb7a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import functools
+import importlib.metadata
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+from ._compat import BadMetadata, BasePath, get_dist_canonical_name, get_info_location
+from ._dists import Distribution
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _looks_like_wheel(location: str) -> bool:
+    if not location.endswith(WHEEL_EXTENSION):
+        return False
+    if not os.path.isfile(location):
+        return False
+    if not Wheel.wheel_file_re.match(os.path.basename(location)):
+        return False
+    return zipfile.is_zipfile(location)
+
+
+class _DistributionFinder:
+    """Finder to locate distributions.
+
+    The main purpose of this class is to memoize found distributions' names, so
+    only one distribution is returned for each package name. At lot of pip code
+    assumes this (because it is setuptools's behavior), and not doing the same
+    can potentially cause a distribution in lower precedence path to override a
+    higher precedence one if the caller is not careful.
+
+    Eventually we probably want to make it possible to see lower precedence
+    installations as well. It's useful feature, after all.
+    """
+
+    FoundResult = Tuple[importlib.metadata.Distribution, Optional[BasePath]]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._found_names: Set[NormalizedName] = set()
+
+    def _find_impl(self, location: str) -> Iterator[FoundResult]:
+        """Find distributions in a location."""
+        # Skip looking inside a wheel. Since a package inside a wheel is not
+        # always valid (due to .data directories etc.), its .dist-info entry
+        # should not be considered an installed distribution.
+        if _looks_like_wheel(location):
+            return
+        # To know exactly where we find a distribution, we have to feed in the
+        # paths one by one, instead of dumping the list to importlib.metadata.
+        for dist in importlib.metadata.distributions(path=[location]):
+            info_location = get_info_location(dist)
+            try:
+                name = get_dist_canonical_name(dist)
+            except BadMetadata as e:
+                logger.warning("Skipping %s due to %s", info_location, e.reason)
+                continue
+            if name in self._found_names:
+                continue
+            self._found_names.add(name)
+            yield dist, info_location
+
+    def find(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find distributions in a location.
+
+        The path can be either a directory, or a ZIP archive.
+        """
+        for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(location):
+            if info_location is None:
+                installed_location: Optional[BasePath] = None
+            else:
+                installed_location = info_location.parent
+            yield Distribution(dist, info_location, installed_location)
+
+    def find_linked(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Read location in egg-link files and return distributions in there.
+
+        The path should be a directory; otherwise this returns nothing. This
+        follows how setuptools does this for compatibility. The first non-empty
+        line in the egg-link is read as a path (resolved against the egg-link's
+        containing directory if relative). Distributions found at that linked
+        location are returned.
+        """
+        path = pathlib.Path(location)
+        if not path.is_dir():
+            return
+        for child in path.iterdir():
+            if child.suffix != ".egg-link":
+                continue
+            with child.open() as f:
+                lines = (line.strip() for line in f)
+                target_rel = next((line for line in lines if line), "")
+            if not target_rel:
+                continue
+            target_location = str(path.joinpath(target_rel))
+            for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(target_location):
+                yield Distribution(dist, info_location, path)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_dir(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_distributions
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        with os.scandir(location) as it:
+            for entry in it:
+                if not entry.name.endswith(".egg"):
+                    continue
+                for dist in find_distributions(entry.path):
+                    yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_zip(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_eggs_in_zip
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        try:
+            importer = zipimport.zipimporter(location)
+        except zipimport.ZipImportError:
+            return
+        for dist in find_eggs_in_zip(importer, location):
+            yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def find_eggs(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find eggs in a location.
+
+        This actually uses the old *pkg_resources* backend. We likely want to
+        deprecate this so we can eventually remove the *pkg_resources*
+        dependency entirely. Before that, this should first emit a deprecation
+        warning for some versions when using the fallback since importing
+        *pkg_resources* is slow for those who don't need it.
+        """
+        if os.path.isdir(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_dir(location)
+        if zipfile.is_zipfile(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_zip(location)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)  # Warn a distribution exactly once.
+def _emit_egg_deprecation(location: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    deprecated(
+        reason=f"Loading egg at {location} is deprecated.",
+        replacement="to use pip for package installation",
+        gone_in="24.3",
+        issue=12330,
+    )
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, paths: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        self._paths = paths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(sys.path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        if paths is None:
+            return cls(sys.path)
+        return cls(paths)
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        finder = _DistributionFinder()
+        for location in self._paths:
+            yield from finder.find(location)
+            for dist in finder.find_eggs(location):
+                _emit_egg_deprecation(dist.location)
+                yield dist
+            # This must go last because that's how pkg_resources tie-breaks.
+            yield from finder.find_linked(location)
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        matches = (
+            distribution
+            for distribution in self.iter_all_distributions()
+            if distribution.canonical_name == canonical_name
+        )
+        return next(matches, None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ea84f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import email.message
+import email.parser
+import logging
+import os
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    Collection,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, NoneMetadataError, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import display_path, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from .base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    BaseEnvironment,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+NAME = "pkg_resources"
+
+
+class EntryPoint(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    value: str
+    group: str
+
+
+class InMemoryMetadata:
+    """IMetadataProvider that reads metadata files from a dictionary.
+
+    This also maps metadata decoding exceptions to our internal exception type.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata: Mapping[str, bytes], wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        self._metadata = metadata
+        self._wheel_name = wheel_name
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return name in self._metadata
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str) -> str:
+        try:
+            return self._metadata[name].decode()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            # Augment the default error with the origin of the file.
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                f"Error decoding metadata for {self._wheel_name}: {e} in {name} file"
+            )
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return pkg_resources.yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name: str) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name: str, namespace: str) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(self, dist: pkg_resources.Distribution) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+        # This is populated lazily, to avoid loading metadata for all possible
+        # distributions eagerly.
+        self.__extra_mapping: Optional[Mapping[NormalizedName, str]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def _extra_mapping(self) -> Mapping[NormalizedName, str]:
+        if self.__extra_mapping is None:
+            self.__extra_mapping = {
+                canonicalize_name(extra): extra for extra in self._dist.extras
+            }
+
+        return self.__extra_mapping
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        dist_dir = directory.rstrip(os.sep)
+
+        # Build a PathMetadata object, from path to metadata. :wink:
+        base_dir, dist_dir_name = os.path.split(dist_dir)
+        metadata = pkg_resources.PathMetadata(base_dir, dist_dir)
+
+        # Determine the correct Distribution object type.
+        if dist_dir.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.Distribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0]
+        else:
+            assert dist_dir.endswith(".dist-info")
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0].split("-")[0]
+
+        dist = dist_cls(base_dir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        metadata_dict = {
+            "METADATA": metadata_contents,
+        }
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=filename,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, filename),
+            project_name=project_name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+                metadata_dict = {
+                    path.split("/", 1)[-1]: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, path)
+                    for path in zf.namelist()
+                    if path.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+                }
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=wheel.location,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, wheel.location),
+            project_name=name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.location
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(self.raw_name)
+        if egg_link:
+            location = egg_link
+        elif self.location:
+            location = self.location
+        else:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(location)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.egg_info
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        # A distutils-installed distribution is provided by FileMetadata. This
+        # provider has a "path" attribute not present anywhere else. Not the
+        # best introspection logic, but pip has been doing this for a long time.
+        try:
+            return bool(self._dist._provider.path)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return canonicalize_name(self._dist.project_name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_version(self) -> str:
+        return self._dist.version
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.has_metadata(str(path))
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        yield from self._dist.metadata_listdir("scripts")
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        name = str(path)
+        if not self._dist.has_metadata(name):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(name)
+        content = self._dist.get_metadata(name)
+        if content is None:
+            raise NoneMetadataError(self, name)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        for group, entries in self._dist.get_entry_map().items():
+            for name, entry_point in entries.items():
+                name, _, value = str(entry_point).partition("=")
+                yield EntryPoint(name=name.strip(), value=value.strip(), group=group)
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: if the distribution reports `has_metadata()`
+            True but `get_metadata()` returns None.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._dist, pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution):
+            metadata_name = "METADATA"
+        else:
+            metadata_name = "PKG-INFO"
+        try:
+            metadata = self.read_text(metadata_name)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if self.location:
+                displaying_path = display_path(self.location)
+            else:
+                displaying_path = repr(self.location)
+            logger.warning("No metadata found in %s", displaying_path)
+            metadata = ""
+        feed_parser = email.parser.FeedParser()
+        feed_parser.feed(metadata)
+        return feed_parser.close()
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        if extras:
+            relevant_extras = set(self._extra_mapping) & set(
+                map(canonicalize_name, extras)
+            )
+            extras = [self._extra_mapping[extra] for extra in relevant_extras]
+        return self._dist.requires(extras)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[NormalizedName]:
+        return self._extra_mapping.keys()
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, ws: pkg_resources.WorkingSet) -> None:
+        self._ws = ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.working_set)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.WorkingSet(paths))
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        for dist in self._ws:
+            yield Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _search_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find a distribution matching the ``name`` in the environment.
+
+        This searches from *all* distributions available in the environment, to
+        match the behavior of ``pkg_resources.get_distribution()``.
+        """
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        for dist in self.iter_all_distributions():
+            if dist.canonical_name == canonical_name:
+                return dist
+        return None
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # Search the distribution by looking through the working set.
+        dist = self._search_distribution(name)
+        if dist:
+            return dist
+
+        # If distribution could not be found, call working_set.require to
+        # update the working set, and try to find the distribution again.
+        # This might happen for e.g. when you install a package twice, once
+        # using setup.py develop and again using setup.py install. Now when
+        # running pip uninstall twice, the package gets removed from the
+        # working set in the first uninstall, so we have to populate the
+        # working set again so that pip knows about it and the packages gets
+        # picked up and is successfully uninstalled the second time too.
+        try:
+            # We didn't pass in any version specifiers, so this can never
+            # raise pkg_resources.VersionConflict.
+            self._ws.require(name)
+        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
+            return None
+        return self._search_distribution(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7855226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""A package that contains models that represent entities.
+"""
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27f283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class InstallationCandidate:
+    """Represents a potential "candidate" for installation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["name", "version", "link"]
+
+    name: str
+    version: Version
+    link: Link
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, version: str, link: Link) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, "name", name)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "version", parse_version(version))
+        object.__setattr__(self, "link", link)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name!r} candidate (version {self.version} at {self.link})"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc5ec8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+""" PEP 610 """
+
+import json
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DirectUrl",
+    "DirectUrlValidationError",
+    "DirInfo",
+    "ArchiveInfo",
+    "VcsInfo",
+]
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME = "direct_url.json"
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"^\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\}(:\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\})?$")
+
+
+class DirectUrlValidationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _get(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> Optional[T]:
+    """Get value from dictionary and verify expected type."""
+    if key not in d:
+        return default
+    value = d[key]
+    if not isinstance(value, expected_type):
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            f"{value!r} has unexpected type for {key} (expected {expected_type})"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _get_required(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> T:
+    value = _get(d, expected_type, key, default)
+    if value is None:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(f"{key} must have a value")
+    return value
+
+
+def _exactly_one_of(infos: Iterable[Optional["InfoType"]]) -> "InfoType":
+    infos = [info for info in infos if info is not None]
+    if not infos:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "missing one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    if len(infos) > 1:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "more than one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    assert infos[0] is not None
+    return infos[0]
+
+
+def _filter_none(**kwargs: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Make dict excluding None values."""
+    return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class VcsInfo:
+    name: ClassVar = "vcs_info"
+
+    vcs: str
+    commit_id: str
+    requested_revision: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["VcsInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(
+            vcs=_get_required(d, str, "vcs"),
+            commit_id=_get_required(d, str, "commit_id"),
+            requested_revision=_get(d, str, "requested_revision"),
+        )
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(
+            vcs=self.vcs,
+            requested_revision=self.requested_revision,
+            commit_id=self.commit_id,
+        )
+
+
+class ArchiveInfo:
+    name = "archive_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hash: Optional[str] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # set hashes before hash, since the hash setter will further populate hashes
+        self.hashes = hashes
+        self.hash = hash
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._hash
+
+    @hash.setter
+    def hash(self, value: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if value is not None:
+            # Auto-populate the hashes key to upgrade to the new format automatically.
+            # We don't back-populate the legacy hash key from hashes.
+            try:
+                hash_name, hash_value = value.split("=", 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+                    f"invalid archive_info.hash format: {value!r}"
+                )
+            if self.hashes is None:
+                self.hashes = {hash_name: hash_value}
+            elif hash_name not in self.hashes:
+                self.hashes = self.hashes.copy()
+                self.hashes[hash_name] = hash_value
+        self._hash = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["ArchiveInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(hash=_get(d, str, "hash"), hashes=_get(d, dict, "hashes"))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(hash=self.hash, hashes=self.hashes)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DirInfo:
+    name: ClassVar = "dir_info"
+
+    editable: bool = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["DirInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(editable=_get_required(d, bool, "editable", default=False))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(editable=self.editable or None)
+
+
+InfoType = Union[ArchiveInfo, DirInfo, VcsInfo]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DirectUrl:
+    url: str
+    info: InfoType
+    subdirectory: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def _remove_auth_from_netloc(self, netloc: str) -> str:
+        if "@" not in netloc:
+            return netloc
+        user_pass, netloc_no_user_pass = netloc.split("@", 1)
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.info, VcsInfo)
+            and self.info.vcs == "git"
+            and user_pass == "git"
+        ):
+            return netloc
+        if ENV_VAR_RE.match(user_pass):
+            return netloc
+        return netloc_no_user_pass
+
+    @property
+    def redacted_url(self) -> str:
+        """url with user:password part removed unless it is formed with
+        environment variables as specified in PEP 610, or it is ``git``
+        in the case of a git URL.
+        """
+        purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(self.url)
+        netloc = self._remove_auth_from_netloc(purl.netloc)
+        surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(
+            (purl.scheme, netloc, purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+        )
+        return surl
+
+    def validate(self) -> None:
+        self.from_dict(self.to_dict())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, d: Dict[str, Any]) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=_get_required(d, str, "url"),
+            subdirectory=_get(d, str, "subdirectory"),
+            info=_exactly_one_of(
+                [
+                    ArchiveInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "archive_info")),
+                    DirInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "dir_info")),
+                    VcsInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "vcs_info")),
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res = _filter_none(
+            url=self.redacted_url,
+            subdirectory=self.subdirectory,
+        )
+        res[self.info.name] = self.info._to_dict()
+        return res
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, s: str) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return cls.from_dict(json.loads(s))
+
+    def to_json(self) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(self.to_dict(), sort_keys=True)
+
+    def is_local_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.info, DirInfo) and self.info.editable
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd1127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from typing import FrozenSet, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class FormatControl:
+    """Helper for managing formats from which a package can be installed."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["no_binary", "only_binary"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        no_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+        only_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if no_binary is None:
+            no_binary = set()
+        if only_binary is None:
+            only_binary = set()
+
+        self.no_binary = no_binary
+        self.only_binary = only_binary
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if self.__slots__ != other.__slots__:
+            return False
+
+        return all(getattr(self, k) == getattr(other, k) for k in self.__slots__)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.no_binary}, {self.only_binary})"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def handle_mutual_excludes(value: str, target: Set[str], other: Set[str]) -> None:
+        if value.startswith("-"):
+            raise CommandError(
+                "--no-binary / --only-binary option requires 1 argument."
+            )
+        new = value.split(",")
+        while ":all:" in new:
+            other.clear()
+            target.clear()
+            target.add(":all:")
+            del new[: new.index(":all:") + 1]
+            # Without a none, we want to discard everything as :all: covers it
+            if ":none:" not in new:
+                return
+        for name in new:
+            if name == ":none:":
+                target.clear()
+                continue
+            name = canonicalize_name(name)
+            other.discard(name)
+            target.add(name)
+
+    def get_allowed_formats(self, canonical_name: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        result = {"binary", "source"}
+        if canonical_name in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif canonical_name in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        elif ":all:" in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif ":all:" in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        return frozenset(result)
+
+    def disallow_binaries(self) -> None:
+        self.handle_mutual_excludes(
+            ":all:",
+            self.no_binary,
+            self.only_binary,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b94c325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+
+class PackageIndex:
+    """Represents a Package Index and provides easier access to endpoints"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["url", "netloc", "simple_url", "pypi_url", "file_storage_domain"]
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str, file_storage_domain: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.url = url
+        self.netloc = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).netloc
+        self.simple_url = self._url_for_path("simple")
+        self.pypi_url = self._url_for_path("pypi")
+
+        # This is part of a temporary hack used to block installs of PyPI
+        # packages which depend on external urls only necessary until PyPI can
+        # block such packages themselves
+        self.file_storage_domain = file_storage_domain
+
+    def _url_for_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.urljoin(self.url, path)
+
+
+PyPI = PackageIndex("https://pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="files.pythonhosted.org")
+TestPyPI = PackageIndex(
+    "https://test.pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="test-files.pythonhosted.org"
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9c6330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, Sequence
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+class InstallationReport:
+    def __init__(self, install_requirements: Sequence[InstallRequirement]):
+        self._install_requirements = install_requirements
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _install_req_to_dict(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        assert ireq.download_info, f"No download_info for {ireq}"
+        res = {
+            # PEP 610 json for the download URL. download_info.archive_info.hashes may
+            # be absent when the requirement was installed from the wheel cache
+            # and the cache entry was populated by an older pip version that did not
+            # record origin.json.
+            "download_info": ireq.download_info.to_dict(),
+            # is_direct is true if the requirement was a direct URL reference (which
+            # includes editable requirements), and false if the requirement was
+            # downloaded from a PEP 503 index or --find-links.
+            "is_direct": ireq.is_direct,
+            # is_yanked is true if the requirement was yanked from the index, but
+            # was still selected by pip to conform to PEP 592.
+            "is_yanked": ireq.link.is_yanked if ireq.link else False,
+            # requested is true if the requirement was specified by the user (aka
+            # top level requirement), and false if it was installed as a dependency of a
+            # requirement. https://peps.python.org/pep-0376/#requested
+            "requested": ireq.user_supplied,
+            # PEP 566 json encoding for metadata
+            # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#json-compatible-metadata
+            "metadata": ireq.get_dist().metadata_dict,
+        }
+        if ireq.user_supplied and ireq.extras:
+            # For top level requirements, the list of requested extras, if any.
+            res["requested_extras"] = sorted(ireq.extras)
+        return res
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "install": [
+                self._install_req_to_dict(ireq) for ireq in self._install_requirements
+            ],
+            # https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#environment-markers
+            # TODO: currently, the resolver uses the default environment to evaluate
+            # environment markers, so that is what we report here. In the future, it
+            # should also take into account options such as --python-version or
+            # --platform, perhaps under the form of an environment_override field?
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11198
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+        }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f41f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    pairwise,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+    splitext,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.collector import IndexContent
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Order matters, earlier hashes have a precedence over later hashes for what
+# we will pick to use.
+_SUPPORTED_HASHES = ("sha512", "sha384", "sha256", "sha224", "sha1", "md5")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LinkHash:
+    """Links to content may have embedded hash values. This class parses those.
+
+    `name` must be any member of `_SUPPORTED_HASHES`.
+
+    This class can be converted to and from `ArchiveInfo`. While ArchiveInfo intends to
+    be JSON-serializable to conform to PEP 610, this class contains the logic for
+    parsing a hash name and value for correctness, and then checking whether that hash
+    conforms to a schema with `.is_hash_allowed()`."""
+
+    name: str
+    value: str
+
+    _hash_url_fragment_re = re.compile(
+        # NB: we do not validate that the second group (.*) is a valid hex
+        # digest. Instead, we simply keep that string in this class, and then check it
+        # against Hashes when hash-checking is needed. This is easier to debug than
+        # proactively discarding an invalid hex digest, as we handle incorrect hashes
+        # and malformed hashes in the same place.
+        r"[#&]({choices})=([^&]*)".format(
+            choices="|".join(re.escape(hash_name) for hash_name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES)
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        assert self.name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES
+
+    @classmethod
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_hash_url_fragment(cls, url: str) -> Optional["LinkHash"]:
+        """Search a string for a checksum algorithm name and encoded output value."""
+        match = cls._hash_url_fragment_re.search(url)
+        if match is None:
+            return None
+        name, value = match.groups()
+        return cls(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return {self.name: self.value}
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a Hashes instance which checks only for the current hash."""
+        return Hashes({self.name: [self.value]})
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the current hash is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return hashes.is_hash_allowed(self.name, hex_digest=self.value)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MetadataFile:
+    """Information about a core metadata file associated with a distribution."""
+
+    hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.hashes is not None:
+            assert all(name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES for name in self.hashes)
+
+
+def supported_hashes(hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    # Remove any unsupported hash types from the mapping. If this leaves no
+    # supported hashes, return None
+    if hashes is None:
+        return None
+    hashes = {n: v for n, v in hashes.items() if n in _SUPPORTED_HASHES}
+    if not hashes:
+        return None
+    return hashes
+
+
+def _clean_url_path_part(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean a "part" of a URL path (i.e. after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    return urllib.parse.quote(urllib.parse.unquote(part))
+
+
+def _clean_file_url_path(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the first part of a URL path that corresponds to a local
+    filesystem path (i.e. the first part after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    # Also, on Windows the path part might contain a drive letter which
+    # should not be quoted. On Linux where drive letters do not
+    # exist, the colon should be quoted. We rely on urllib.request
+    # to do the right thing here.
+    return urllib.request.pathname2url(urllib.request.url2pathname(part))
+
+
+# percent-encoded:                   /
+_reserved_chars_re = re.compile("(@|%2F)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def _clean_url_path(path: str, is_local_path: bool) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the path portion of a URL.
+    """
+    if is_local_path:
+        clean_func = _clean_file_url_path
+    else:
+        clean_func = _clean_url_path_part
+
+    # Split on the reserved characters prior to cleaning so that
+    # revision strings in VCS URLs are properly preserved.
+    parts = _reserved_chars_re.split(path)
+
+    cleaned_parts = []
+    for to_clean, reserved in pairwise(itertools.chain(parts, [""])):
+        cleaned_parts.append(clean_func(to_clean))
+        # Normalize %xx escapes (e.g. %2f -> %2F)
+        cleaned_parts.append(reserved.upper())
+
+    return "".join(cleaned_parts)
+
+
+def _ensure_quoted_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Make sure a link is fully quoted.
+    For example, if ' ' occurs in the URL, it will be replaced with "%20",
+    and without double-quoting other characters.
+    """
+    # Split the URL into parts according to the general structure
+    # `scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment`.
+    result = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    # If the netloc is empty, then the URL refers to a local filesystem path.
+    is_local_path = not result.netloc
+    path = _clean_url_path(result.path, is_local_path=is_local_path)
+    return urllib.parse.urlunparse(result._replace(path=path))
+
+
+@functools.total_ordering
+class Link:
+    """Represents a parsed link from a Package Index's simple URL"""
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_parsed_url",
+        "_url",
+        "_hashes",
+        "comes_from",
+        "requires_python",
+        "yanked_reason",
+        "metadata_file_data",
+        "cache_link_parsing",
+        "egg_fragment",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "IndexContent"]] = None,
+        requires_python: Optional[str] = None,
+        yanked_reason: Optional[str] = None,
+        metadata_file_data: Optional[MetadataFile] = None,
+        cache_link_parsing: bool = True,
+        hashes: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param url: url of the resource pointed to (href of the link)
+        :param comes_from: instance of IndexContent where the link was found,
+            or string.
+        :param requires_python: String containing the `Requires-Python`
+            metadata field, specified in PEP 345. This may be specified by
+            a data-requires-python attribute in the HTML link tag, as
+            described in PEP 503.
+        :param yanked_reason: the reason the file has been yanked, if the
+            file has been yanked, or None if the file hasn't been yanked.
+            This is the value of the "data-yanked" attribute, if present, in
+            a simple repository HTML link. If the file has been yanked but
+            no reason was provided, this should be the empty string. See
+            PEP 592 for more information and the specification.
+        :param metadata_file_data: the metadata attached to the file, or None if
+            no such metadata is provided. This argument, if not None, indicates
+            that a separate metadata file exists, and also optionally supplies
+            hashes for that file.
+        :param cache_link_parsing: A flag that is used elsewhere to determine
+            whether resources retrieved from this link should be cached. PyPI
+            URLs should generally have this set to False, for example.
+        :param hashes: A mapping of hash names to digests to allow us to
+            determine the validity of a download.
+        """
+
+        # The comes_from, requires_python, and metadata_file_data arguments are
+        # only used by classmethods of this class, and are not used in client
+        # code directly.
+
+        # url can be a UNC windows share
+        if url.startswith("\\\\"):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+
+        self._parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        # Store the url as a private attribute to prevent accidentally
+        # trying to set a new value.
+        self._url = url
+
+        link_hash = LinkHash.find_hash_url_fragment(url)
+        hashes_from_link = {} if link_hash is None else link_hash.as_dict()
+        if hashes is None:
+            self._hashes = hashes_from_link
+        else:
+            self._hashes = {**hashes, **hashes_from_link}
+
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.requires_python = requires_python if requires_python else None
+        self.yanked_reason = yanked_reason
+        self.metadata_file_data = metadata_file_data
+
+        self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+        self.egg_fragment = self._egg_fragment()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(
+        cls,
+        file_data: Dict[str, Any],
+        page_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an pypi json document from a simple repository page into a Link.
+        """
+        file_url = file_data.get("url")
+        if file_url is None:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url, file_url))
+        pyrequire = file_data.get("requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = file_data.get("yanked")
+        hashes = file_data.get("hashes", {})
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = file_data.get("core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = file_data.get("dist-info-metadata")
+
+        # The metadata info value may be a boolean, or a dict of hashes.
+        if isinstance(metadata_info, dict):
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes(metadata_info))
+        elif metadata_info:
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        else:
+            # False or not present: the file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects an empty string instead of a boolean.
+        if yanked_reason and not isinstance(yanked_reason, str):
+            yanked_reason = ""
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects None instead of False.
+        elif not yanked_reason:
+            yanked_reason = None
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            hashes=hashes,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_element(
+        cls,
+        anchor_attribs: Dict[str, Optional[str]],
+        page_url: str,
+        base_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an anchor element's attributes in a simple repository page to a Link.
+        """
+        href = anchor_attribs.get("href")
+        if not href:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, href))
+        pyrequire = anchor_attribs.get("data-requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = anchor_attribs.get("data-yanked")
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name data-core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-dist-info-metadata")
+        # The metadata info value may be the string "true", or a string of
+        # the form "hashname=hashval"
+        if metadata_info == "true":
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        elif metadata_info is None:
+            # The file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+        else:
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            hashname, sep, hashval = metadata_info.partition("=")
+            if sep == "=":
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes({hashname: hashval}))
+            else:
+                # Error - data is wrong. Treat as no hashes supplied.
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Index returned invalid data-dist-info-metadata value: %s",
+                    metadata_info,
+                )
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.requires_python:
+            rp = f" (requires-python:{self.requires_python})"
+        else:
+            rp = ""
+        if self.comes_from:
+            return f"{redact_auth_from_url(self._url)} (from {self.comes_from}){rp}"
+        else:
+            return redact_auth_from_url(str(self._url))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Link {self}>"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.url)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Link):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.url == other.url
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Link):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.url < other.url
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        path = self.path.rstrip("/")
+        name = posixpath.basename(path)
+        if not name:
+            # Make sure we don't leak auth information if the netloc
+            # includes a username and password.
+            netloc, user_pass = split_auth_from_netloc(self.netloc)
+            return netloc
+
+        name = urllib.parse.unquote(name)
+        assert name, f"URL {self._url!r} produced no filename"
+        return name
+
+    @property
+    def file_path(self) -> str:
+        return url_to_path(self.url)
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        return self._parsed_url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        """
+        This can contain auth information.
+        """
+        return self._parsed_url.netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(self._parsed_url.path)
+
+    def splitext(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        return splitext(posixpath.basename(self.path.rstrip("/")))
+
+    @property
+    def ext(self) -> str:
+        return self.splitext()[1]
+
+    @property
+    def url_without_fragment(self) -> str:
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = self._parsed_url
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+
+    _egg_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]egg=([^&]*)")
+
+    # Per PEP 508.
+    _project_name_re = re.compile(
+        r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+    )
+
+    def _egg_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._egg_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+
+        # An egg fragment looks like a PEP 508 project name, along with
+        # an optional extras specifier. Anything else is invalid.
+        project_name = match.group(1)
+        if not self._project_name_re.match(project_name):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=f"{self} contains an egg fragment with a non-PEP 508 name",
+                replacement="to use the req @ url syntax, and remove the egg fragment",
+                gone_in="25.0",
+                issue=11617,
+            )
+
+        return project_name
+
+    _subdirectory_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]subdirectory=([^&]*)")
+
+    @property
+    def subdirectory_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._subdirectory_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+        return match.group(1)
+
+    def metadata_link(self) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """Return a link to the associated core metadata file (if any)."""
+        if self.metadata_file_data is None:
+            return None
+        metadata_url = f"{self.url_without_fragment}.metadata"
+        if self.metadata_file_data.hashes is None:
+            return Link(metadata_url)
+        return Link(metadata_url, hashes=self.metadata_file_data.hashes)
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        return Hashes({k: [v] for k, v in self._hashes.items()})
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes.values()), None)
+
+    @property
+    def hash_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes), None)
+
+    @property
+    def show_url(self) -> str:
+        return posixpath.basename(self._url.split("#", 1)[0].split("?", 1)[0])
+
+    @property
+    def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme == "file"
+
+    def is_existing_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file and os.path.isdir(self.file_path)
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        return self.ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+    @property
+    def is_vcs(self) -> bool:
+        from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+        return self.scheme in vcs.all_schemes
+
+    @property
+    def is_yanked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.yanked_reason is not None
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._hashes)
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the link has a hash and it is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return any(hashes.is_hash_allowed(k, v) for k, v in self._hashes.items())
+
+
+class _CleanResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Convert link for equivalency check.
+
+    This is used in the resolver to check whether two URL-specified requirements
+    likely point to the same distribution and can be considered equivalent. This
+    equivalency logic avoids comparing URLs literally, which can be too strict
+    (e.g. "a=1&b=2" vs "b=2&a=1") and produce conflicts unexpecting to users.
+
+    Currently this does three things:
+
+    1. Drop the basic auth part. This is technically wrong since a server can
+       serve different content based on auth, but if it does that, it is even
+       impossible to guarantee two URLs without auth are equivalent, since
+       the user can input different auth information when prompted. So the
+       practical solution is to assume the auth doesn't affect the response.
+    2. Parse the query to avoid the ordering issue. Note that ordering under the
+       same key in the query are NOT cleaned; i.e. "a=1&a=2" and "a=2&a=1" are
+       still considered different.
+    3. Explicitly drop most of the fragment part, except ``subdirectory=`` and
+       hash values, since it should have no impact the downloaded content. Note
+       that this drops the "egg=" part historically used to denote the requested
+       project (and extras), which is wrong in the strictest sense, but too many
+       people are supplying it inconsistently to cause superfluous resolution
+       conflicts, so we choose to also ignore them.
+    """
+
+    parsed: urllib.parse.SplitResult
+    query: Dict[str, List[str]]
+    subdirectory: str
+    hashes: Dict[str, str]
+
+
+def _clean_link(link: Link) -> _CleanResult:
+    parsed = link._parsed_url
+    netloc = parsed.netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+    # According to RFC 8089, an empty host in file: means localhost.
+    if parsed.scheme == "file" and not netloc:
+        netloc = "localhost"
+    fragment = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.fragment)
+    if "egg" in fragment:
+        logger.debug("Ignoring egg= fragment in %s", link)
+    try:
+        # If there are multiple subdirectory values, use the first one.
+        # This matches the behavior of Link.subdirectory_fragment.
+        subdirectory = fragment["subdirectory"][0]
+    except (IndexError, KeyError):
+        subdirectory = ""
+    # If there are multiple hash values under the same algorithm, use the
+    # first one. This matches the behavior of Link.hash_value.
+    hashes = {k: fragment[k][0] for k in _SUPPORTED_HASHES if k in fragment}
+    return _CleanResult(
+        parsed=parsed._replace(netloc=netloc, query="", fragment=""),
+        query=urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.query),
+        subdirectory=subdirectory,
+        hashes=hashes,
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def links_equivalent(link1: Link, link2: Link) -> bool:
+    return _clean_link(link1) == _clean_link(link2)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06a9a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""
+For types associated with installation schemes.
+
+For a general overview of available schemes and their context, see
+https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+SCHEME_KEYS = ["platlib", "purelib", "headers", "scripts", "data"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Scheme:
+    """A Scheme holds paths which are used as the base directories for
+    artifacts associated with a Python package.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = SCHEME_KEYS
+
+    platlib: str
+    purelib: str
+    headers: str
+    scripts: str
+    data: str
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee7bc86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path, redact_auth_from_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SearchScope:
+    """
+    Encapsulates the locations that pip is configured to search.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["find_links", "index_urls", "no_index"]
+
+    find_links: List[str]
+    index_urls: List[str]
+    no_index: bool
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        find_links: List[str],
+        index_urls: List[str],
+        no_index: bool,
+    ) -> "SearchScope":
+        """
+        Create a SearchScope object after normalizing the `find_links`.
+        """
+        # Build find_links. If an argument starts with ~, it may be
+        # a local file relative to a home directory. So try normalizing
+        # it and if it exists, use the normalized version.
+        # This is deliberately conservative - it might be fine just to
+        # blindly normalize anything starting with a ~...
+        built_find_links: List[str] = []
+        for link in find_links:
+            if link.startswith("~"):
+                new_link = normalize_path(link)
+                if os.path.exists(new_link):
+                    link = new_link
+            built_find_links.append(link)
+
+        # If we don't have TLS enabled, then WARN if anyplace we're looking
+        # relies on TLS.
+        if not has_tls():
+            for link in itertools.chain(index_urls, built_find_links):
+                parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(link)
+                if parsed.scheme == "https":
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "pip is configured with locations that require "
+                        "TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not "
+                        "available."
+                    )
+                    break
+
+        return cls(
+            find_links=built_find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+
+    def get_formatted_locations(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        redacted_index_urls = []
+        if self.index_urls and self.index_urls != [PyPI.simple_url]:
+            for url in self.index_urls:
+                redacted_index_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+                # Parse the URL
+                purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(redacted_index_url)
+
+                # URL is generally invalid if scheme and netloc is missing
+                # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+                # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+                # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+                # exceptions for malformed URLs
+                if not purl.scheme and not purl.netloc:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'The index url "%s" seems invalid, please provide a scheme.',
+                        redacted_index_url,
+                    )
+
+                redacted_index_urls.append(redacted_index_url)
+
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in indexes: {}".format(", ".join(redacted_index_urls))
+            )
+
+        if self.find_links:
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in links: {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in self.find_links)
+                )
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def get_index_urls_locations(self, project_name: str) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the locations found via self.index_urls
+
+        Checks the url_name on the main (first in the list) index and
+        use this url_name to produce all locations
+        """
+
+        def mkurl_pypi_url(url: str) -> str:
+            loc = posixpath.join(
+                url, urllib.parse.quote(canonicalize_name(project_name))
+            )
+            # For maximum compatibility with easy_install, ensure the path
+            # ends in a trailing slash.  Although this isn't in the spec
+            # (and PyPI can handle it without the slash) some other index
+            # implementations might break if they relied on easy_install's
+            # behavior.
+            if not loc.endswith("/"):
+                loc = loc + "/"
+            return loc
+
+        return [mkurl_pypi_url(url) for url in self.index_urls]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9b50aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+
+
+# TODO: This needs Python 3.10's improved slots support for dataclasses
+# to be converted into a dataclass.
+class SelectionPreferences:
+    """
+    Encapsulates the candidate selection preferences for downloading
+    and installing files.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "allow_yanked",
+        "allow_all_prereleases",
+        "format_control",
+        "prefer_binary",
+        "ignore_requires_python",
+    ]
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Create a SelectionPreferences object.
+
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object or None. Used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param prefer_binary: Whether to prefer an old, but valid, binary
+            dist over a new source dist.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self.allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self.format_control = format_control
+        self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88925a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported, version_info_to_nodot
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+
+class TargetPython:
+    """
+    Encapsulates the properties of a Python interpreter one is targeting
+    for a package install, download, etc.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_given_py_version_info",
+        "abis",
+        "implementation",
+        "platforms",
+        "py_version",
+        "py_version_info",
+        "_valid_tags",
+        "_valid_tags_set",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+        abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        implementation: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param platforms: A list of strings or None. If None, searches for
+            packages that are supported by the current system. Otherwise, will
+            find packages that can be built on the platforms passed in. These
+            packages will only be downloaded for distribution: they will
+            not be built locally.
+        :param py_version_info: An optional tuple of ints representing the
+            Python version information to use (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+            This can have length 1, 2, or 3 when provided.
+        :param abis: A list of strings or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        :param implementation: A string or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        """
+        # Store the given py_version_info for when we call get_supported().
+        self._given_py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        py_version = ".".join(map(str, py_version_info[:2]))
+
+        self.abis = abis
+        self.implementation = implementation
+        self.platforms = platforms
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        # This is used to cache the return value of get_(un)sorted_tags.
+        self._valid_tags: Optional[List[Tag]] = None
+        self._valid_tags_set: Optional[Set[Tag]] = None
+
+    def format_given(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Format the given, non-None attributes for display.
+        """
+        display_version = None
+        if self._given_py_version_info is not None:
+            display_version = ".".join(
+                str(part) for part in self._given_py_version_info
+            )
+
+        key_values = [
+            ("platforms", self.platforms),
+            ("version_info", display_version),
+            ("abis", self.abis),
+            ("implementation", self.implementation),
+        ]
+        return " ".join(
+            f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in key_values if value is not None
+        )
+
+    def get_sorted_tags(self) -> List[Tag]:
+        """
+        Return the supported PEP 425 tags to check wheel candidates against.
+
+        The tags are returned in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags is None:
+            # Pass versions=None if no py_version_info was given since
+            # versions=None uses special default logic.
+            py_version_info = self._given_py_version_info
+            if py_version_info is None:
+                version = None
+            else:
+                version = version_info_to_nodot(py_version_info)
+
+            tags = get_supported(
+                version=version,
+                platforms=self.platforms,
+                abis=self.abis,
+                impl=self.implementation,
+            )
+            self._valid_tags = tags
+
+        return self._valid_tags
+
+    def get_unsorted_tags(self) -> Set[Tag]:
+        """Exactly the same as get_sorted_tags, but returns a set.
+
+        This is important for performance.
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags_set is None:
+            self._valid_tags_set = set(self.get_sorted_tags())
+
+        return self._valid_tags_set
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36d4d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Represents a wheel file and provides access to the various parts of the
+name that have meaning.
+"""
+
+import re
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+
+
+class Wheel:
+    """A wheel file"""
+
+    wheel_file_re = re.compile(
+        r"""^(?P<namever>(?P<name>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<ver>[^\s-]*?))
+        ((-(?P<build>\d[^-]*?))?-(?P<pyver>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<abi>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<plat>[^\s-]+?)
+        \.whl|\.dist-info)$""",
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
+        """
+        wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
+        if not wheel_info:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"{filename} is not a valid wheel filename.")
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.name = wheel_info.group("name").replace("_", "-")
+        # we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
+        # (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
+        self.version = wheel_info.group("ver").replace("_", "-")
+        self.build_tag = wheel_info.group("build")
+        self.pyversions = wheel_info.group("pyver").split(".")
+        self.abis = wheel_info.group("abi").split(".")
+        self.plats = wheel_info.group("plat").split(".")
+
+        # All the tag combinations from this file
+        self.file_tags = {
+            Tag(x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
+        }
+
+    def get_formatted_file_tags(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Return the wheel's tags as a sorted list of strings."""
+        return sorted(str(tag) for tag in self.file_tags)
+
+    def support_index_min(self, tags: List[Tag]) -> int:
+        """Return the lowest index that one of the wheel's file_tag combinations
+        achieves in the given list of supported tags.
+
+        For example, if there are 8 supported tags and one of the file tags
+        is first in the list, then return 0.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against, in order
+            with most preferred first.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        try:
+            return next(i for i, t in enumerate(tags) if t in self.file_tags)
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise ValueError()
+
+    def find_most_preferred_tag(
+        self, tags: List[Tag], tag_to_priority: Dict[Tag, int]
+    ) -> int:
+        """Return the priority of the most preferred tag that one of the wheel's file
+        tag combinations achieves in the given list of supported tags using the given
+        tag_to_priority mapping, where lower priorities are more-preferred.
+
+        This is used in place of support_index_min in some cases in order to avoid
+        an expensive linear scan of a large list of tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        :param tag_to_priority: a mapping from tag to priority of that tag, where
+            lower is more preferred.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        return min(
+            tag_to_priority[tag] for tag in self.file_tags if tag in tag_to_priority
+        )
+
+    def supported(self, tags: Iterable[Tag]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the wheel is compatible with one of the given tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        """
+        return not self.file_tags.isdisjoint(tags)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51bde9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Contains purely network-related utilities.
+"""
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a2606e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+"""Network Authentication Helpers
+
+Contains interface (MultiDomainBasicAuth) and associated glue code for
+providing credentials in the context of network requests.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from functools import lru_cache
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.auth import AuthBase, HTTPBasicAuth
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.utils import get_netrc_auth
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ask,
+    ask_input,
+    ask_password,
+    remove_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_netloc_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import AuthInfo
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+KEYRING_DISABLED = False
+
+
+class Credentials(NamedTuple):
+    url: str
+    username: str
+    password: str
+
+
+class KeyRingBaseProvider(ABC):
+    """Keyring base provider interface"""
+
+    has_keyring: bool
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_auth_info(
+        self, url: str, username: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Optional[AuthInfo]: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None: ...
+
+
+class KeyRingNullProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring null provider"""
+
+    has_keyring = False
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return None
+
+
+class KeyRingPythonProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring interface which uses locally imported `keyring`"""
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        import keyring
+
+        self.keyring = keyring
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # Support keyring's get_credential interface which supports getting
+        # credentials without a username. This is only available for
+        # keyring>=15.2.0.
+        if hasattr(self.keyring, "get_credential"):
+            logger.debug("Getting credentials from keyring for %s", url)
+            cred = self.keyring.get_credential(url, username)
+            if cred is not None:
+                return cred.username, cred.password
+            return None
+
+        if username is not None:
+            logger.debug("Getting password from keyring for %s", url)
+            password = self.keyring.get_password(url, username)
+            if password:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring.set_password(url, username, password)
+
+
+class KeyRingCliProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Provider which uses `keyring` cli
+
+    Instead of calling the keyring package installed alongside pip
+    we call keyring on the command line which will enable pip to
+    use which ever installation of keyring is available first in
+    PATH.
+    """
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self, cmd: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring = cmd
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # This is the default implementation of keyring.get_credential
+        # https://github.com/jaraco/keyring/blob/97689324abcf01bd1793d49063e7ca01e03d7d07/keyring/backend.py#L134-L139
+        if username is not None:
+            password = self._get_password(url, username)
+            if password is not None:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return self._set_password(url, username, password)
+
+    def _get_password(self, service_name: str, username: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.get_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+
+        cmd = [self.keyring, "get", service_name, username]
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        res = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=env,
+        )
+        if res.returncode:
+            return None
+        return res.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip(os.linesep)
+
+    def _set_password(self, service_name: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.set_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        subprocess.run(
+            [self.keyring, "set", service_name, username],
+            input=f"{password}{os.linesep}".encode(),
+            env=env,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def get_keyring_provider(provider: str) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider requested: %s", provider)
+
+    # keyring has previously failed and been disabled
+    if KEYRING_DISABLED:
+        provider = "disabled"
+    if provider in ["import", "auto"]:
+        try:
+            impl = KeyRingPythonProvider()
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: import")
+            return impl
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # In the event of an unexpected exception
+            # we should warn the user
+            msg = "Installed copy of keyring fails with exception %s"
+            if provider == "auto":
+                msg = msg + ", trying to find a keyring executable as a fallback"
+            logger.warning(msg, exc, exc_info=logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG))
+    if provider in ["subprocess", "auto"]:
+        cli = shutil.which("keyring")
+        if cli and cli.startswith(sysconfig.get_path("scripts")):
+            # all code within this function is stolen from shutil.which implementation
+            @typing.no_type_check
+            def PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it() -> str:
+                path = os.environ.get("PATH", None)
+                if path is None:
+                    try:
+                        path = os.confstr("CS_PATH")
+                    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+                        # os.confstr() or CS_PATH is not available
+                        path = os.defpath
+                # bpo-35755: Don't use os.defpath if the PATH environment variable is
+                # set to an empty string
+
+                return path
+
+            scripts = Path(sysconfig.get_path("scripts"))
+
+            paths = []
+            for path in PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it().split(os.pathsep):
+                p = Path(path)
+                try:
+                    if not p.samefile(scripts):
+                        paths.append(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+            path = os.pathsep.join(paths)
+
+            cli = shutil.which("keyring", path=path)
+
+        if cli:
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: subprocess with executable %s", cli)
+            return KeyRingCliProvider(cli)
+
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: disabled")
+    return KeyRingNullProvider()
+
+
+class MultiDomainBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompting: bool = True,
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        keyring_provider: str = "auto",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.prompting = prompting
+        self.index_urls = index_urls
+        self.keyring_provider = keyring_provider  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.passwords: Dict[str, AuthInfo] = {}
+        # When the user is prompted to enter credentials and keyring is
+        # available, we will offer to save them. If the user accepts,
+        # this value is set to the credentials they entered. After the
+        # request authenticates, the caller should call
+        # ``save_credentials`` to save these.
+        self._credentials_to_save: Optional[Credentials] = None
+
+    @property
+    def keyring_provider(self) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+        return get_keyring_provider(self._keyring_provider)
+
+    @keyring_provider.setter
+    def keyring_provider(self, provider: str) -> None:
+        # The free function get_keyring_provider has been decorated with
+        # functools.cache. If an exception occurs in get_keyring_auth that
+        # cache will be cleared and keyring disabled, take that into account
+        # if you want to remove this indirection.
+        self._keyring_provider = provider
+
+    @property
+    def use_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        # We won't use keyring when --no-input is passed unless
+        # a specific provider is requested because it might require
+        # user interaction
+        return self.prompting or self._keyring_provider not in ["auto", "disabled"]
+
+    def _get_keyring_auth(
+        self,
+        url: Optional[str],
+        username: Optional[str],
+    ) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        """Return the tuple auth for a given url from keyring."""
+        # Do nothing if no url was provided
+        if not url:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            return self.keyring_provider.get_auth_info(url, username)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Log the full exception (with stacktrace) at debug, so it'll only
+            # show up when running in verbose mode.
+            logger.debug("Keyring is skipped due to an exception", exc_info=True)
+            # Always log a shortened version of the exception.
+            logger.warning(
+                "Keyring is skipped due to an exception: %s",
+                str(exc),
+            )
+            global KEYRING_DISABLED
+            KEYRING_DISABLED = True
+            get_keyring_provider.cache_clear()
+            return None
+
+    def _get_index_url(self, url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Return the original index URL matching the requested URL.
+
+        Cached or dynamically generated credentials may work against
+        the original index URL rather than just the netloc.
+
+        The provided url should have had its username and password
+        removed already. If the original index url had credentials then
+        they will be included in the return value.
+
+        Returns None if no matching index was found, or if --no-index
+        was specified by the user.
+        """
+        if not url or not self.index_urls:
+            return None
+
+        url = remove_auth_from_url(url).rstrip("/") + "/"
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+        candidates = []
+
+        for index in self.index_urls:
+            index = index.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            parsed_index = urllib.parse.urlsplit(remove_auth_from_url(index))
+            if parsed_url == parsed_index:
+                return index
+
+            if parsed_url.netloc != parsed_index.netloc:
+                continue
+
+            candidate = urllib.parse.urlsplit(index)
+            candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+
+        candidates.sort(
+            reverse=True,
+            key=lambda candidate: commonprefix(
+                [
+                    parsed_url.path,
+                    candidate.path,
+                ]
+            ).rfind("/"),
+        )
+
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit(candidates[0])
+
+    def _get_new_credentials(
+        self,
+        original_url: str,
+        *,
+        allow_netrc: bool = True,
+        allow_keyring: bool = False,
+    ) -> AuthInfo:
+        """Find and return credentials for the specified URL."""
+        # Split the credentials and netloc from the url.
+        url, netloc, url_user_password = split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+            original_url,
+        )
+
+        # Start with the credentials embedded in the url
+        username, password = url_user_password
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            logger.debug("Found credentials in url for %s", netloc)
+            return url_user_password
+
+        # Find a matching index url for this request
+        index_url = self._get_index_url(url)
+        if index_url:
+            # Split the credentials from the url.
+            index_info = split_auth_netloc_from_url(index_url)
+            if index_info:
+                index_url, _, index_url_user_password = index_info
+                logger.debug("Found index url %s", index_url)
+
+        # If an index URL was found, try its embedded credentials
+        if index_url and index_url_user_password[0] is not None:
+            username, password = index_url_user_password
+            if username is not None and password is not None:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in index url for %s", netloc)
+                return index_url_user_password
+
+        # Get creds from netrc if we still don't have them
+        if allow_netrc:
+            netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth(original_url)
+            if netrc_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in netrc for %s", netloc)
+                return netrc_auth
+
+        # If we don't have a password and keyring is available, use it.
+        if allow_keyring:
+            # The index url is more specific than the netloc, so try it first
+            # fmt: off
+            kr_auth = (
+                self._get_keyring_auth(index_url, username) or
+                self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            )
+            # fmt: on
+            if kr_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in keyring for %s", netloc)
+                return kr_auth
+
+        return username, password
+
+    def _get_url_and_credentials(
+        self, original_url: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """Return the credentials to use for the provided URL.
+
+        If allowed, netrc and keyring may be used to obtain the
+        correct credentials.
+
+        Returns (url_without_credentials, username, password). Note
+        that even if the original URL contains credentials, this
+        function may return a different username and password.
+        """
+        url, netloc, _ = split_auth_netloc_from_url(original_url)
+
+        # Try to get credentials from original url
+        username, password = self._get_new_credentials(original_url)
+
+        # If credentials not found, use any stored credentials for this netloc.
+        # Do this if either the username or the password is missing.
+        # This accounts for the situation in which the user has specified
+        # the username in the index url, but the password comes from keyring.
+        if (username is None or password is None) and netloc in self.passwords:
+            un, pw = self.passwords[netloc]
+            # It is possible that the cached credentials are for a different username,
+            # in which case the cache should be ignored.
+            if username is None or username == un:
+                username, password = un, pw
+
+        if username is not None or password is not None:
+            # Convert the username and password if they're None, so that
+            # this netloc will show up as "cached" in the conditional above.
+            # Further, HTTPBasicAuth doesn't accept None, so it makes sense to
+            # cache the value that is going to be used.
+            username = username or ""
+            password = password or ""
+
+            # Store any acquired credentials.
+            self.passwords[netloc] = (username, password)
+
+        assert (
+            # Credentials were found
+            (username is not None and password is not None)
+            # Credentials were not found
+            or (username is None and password is None)
+        ), f"Could not load credentials from url: {original_url}"
+
+        return url, username, password
+
+    def __call__(self, req: Request) -> Request:
+        # Get credentials for this request
+        url, username, password = self._get_url_and_credentials(req.url)
+
+        # Set the url of the request to the url without any credentials
+        req.url = url
+
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            # Send the basic auth with this request
+            req = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)(req)
+
+        # Attach a hook to handle 401 responses
+        req.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+
+        return req
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _prompt_for_password(
+        self, netloc: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str], bool]:
+        username = ask_input(f"User for {netloc}: ") if self.prompting else None
+        if not username:
+            return None, None, False
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            auth = self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            if auth and auth[0] is not None and auth[1] is not None:
+                return auth[0], auth[1], False
+        password = ask_password("Password: ")
+        return username, password, True
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _should_save_password_to_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        if (
+            not self.prompting
+            or not self.use_keyring
+            or not self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ):
+            return False
+        return ask("Save credentials to keyring [y/N]: ", ["y", "n"]) == "y"
+
+    def handle_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # We only care about 401 responses, anything else we want to just
+        #   pass through the actual response
+        if resp.status_code != 401:
+            return resp
+
+        username, password = None, None
+
+        # Query the keyring for credentials:
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            username, password = self._get_new_credentials(
+                resp.url,
+                allow_netrc=False,
+                allow_keyring=True,
+            )
+
+        # We are not able to prompt the user so simply return the response
+        if not self.prompting and not username and not password:
+            return resp
+
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(resp.url)
+
+        # Prompt the user for a new username and password
+        save = False
+        if not username and not password:
+            username, password, save = self._prompt_for_password(parsed.netloc)
+
+        # Store the new username and password to use for future requests
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            self.passwords[parsed.netloc] = (username, password)
+
+            # Prompt to save the password to keyring
+            if save and self._should_save_password_to_keyring():
+                self._credentials_to_save = Credentials(
+                    url=parsed.netloc,
+                    username=username,
+                    password=password,
+                )
+
+        # Consume content and release the original connection to allow our new
+        #   request to reuse the same one.
+        # The result of the assignment isn't used, it's just needed to consume
+        # the content.
+        _ = resp.content
+        resp.raw.release_conn()
+
+        # Add our new username and password to the request
+        req = HTTPBasicAuth(username or "", password or "")(resp.request)
+        req.register_hook("response", self.warn_on_401)
+
+        # On successful request, save the credentials that were used to
+        # keyring. (Note that if the user responded "no" above, this member
+        # is not set and nothing will be saved.)
+        if self._credentials_to_save:
+            req.register_hook("response", self.save_credentials)
+
+        # Send our new request
+        new_resp = resp.connection.send(req, **kwargs)
+        new_resp.history.append(resp)
+
+        return new_resp
+
+    def warn_on_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to warn about incorrect credentials."""
+        if resp.status_code == 401:
+            logger.warning(
+                "401 Error, Credentials not correct for %s",
+                resp.request.url,
+            )
+
+    def save_credentials(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to save credentials on success."""
+        assert (
+            self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ), "should never reach here without keyring"
+
+        creds = self._credentials_to_save
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if creds and resp.status_code < 400:
+            try:
+                logger.info("Saving credentials to keyring")
+                self.keyring_provider.save_auth_info(
+                    creds.url, creds.username, creds.password
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception("Failed to save credentials")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0fb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""HTTP cache implementation.
+"""
+
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import BinaryIO, Generator, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches import SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
+
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+
+def is_from_cache(response: Response) -> bool:
+    return getattr(response, "from_cache", False)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def suppressed_cache_errors() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """If we can't access the cache then we can just skip caching and process
+    requests as if caching wasn't enabled.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SafeFileCache(SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    A file based cache which is safe to use even when the target directory may
+    not be accessible or writable.
+
+    There is a race condition when two processes try to write and/or read the
+    same entry at the same time, since each entry consists of two separate
+    files (https://github.com/psf/cachecontrol/issues/324).  We therefore have
+    additional logic that makes sure that both files to be present before
+    returning an entry; this fixes the read side of the race condition.
+
+    For the write side, we assume that the server will only ever return the
+    same data for the same URL, which ought to be the case for files pip is
+    downloading.  PyPI does not have a mechanism to swap out a wheel for
+    another wheel, for example.  If this assumption is not true, the
+    CacheControl issue will need to be fixed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, directory: str) -> None:
+        assert directory is not None, "Cache directory must not be None."
+        super().__init__()
+        self.directory = directory
+
+    def _get_cache_path(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # From cachecontrol.caches.file_cache.FileCache._fn, brought into our
+        # class for backwards-compatibility and to avoid using a non-public
+        # method.
+        hashed = SeparateBodyFileCache.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            with open(metadata_path, "rb") as f:
+                return f.read()
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+
+            with adjacent_tmp_file(path) as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            replace(f.name, path)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: Union[int, datetime, None] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        self._write(path, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path + ".body")
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> Optional[BinaryIO]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            return open(body_path, "rb")
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(path, body)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c3bce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Download files with progress indicators.
+"""
+
+import email.message
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
+
+from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import get_download_progress_renderer
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.cache import is_from_cache
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size, redact_auth_from_url, splitext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_http_response_size(resp: Response) -> Optional[int]:
+    try:
+        return int(resp.headers["content-length"])
+    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _prepare_download(
+    resp: Response,
+    link: Link,
+    progress_bar: str,
+) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    total_length = _get_http_response_size(resp)
+
+    if link.netloc == PyPI.file_storage_domain:
+        url = link.show_url
+    else:
+        url = link.url_without_fragment
+
+    logged_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+    if total_length:
+        logged_url = f"{logged_url} ({format_size(total_length)})"
+
+    if is_from_cache(resp):
+        logger.info("Using cached %s", logged_url)
+    else:
+        logger.info("Downloading %s", logged_url)
+
+    if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        show_progress = False
+    elif is_from_cache(resp):
+        show_progress = False
+    elif not total_length:
+        show_progress = True
+    elif total_length > (512 * 1024):
+        show_progress = True
+    else:
+        show_progress = False
+
+    chunks = response_chunks(resp)
+
+    if not show_progress:
+        return chunks
+
+    renderer = get_download_progress_renderer(bar_type=progress_bar, size=total_length)
+    return renderer(chunks)
+
+
+def sanitize_content_filename(filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
+    """
+    return os.path.basename(filename)
+
+
+def parse_content_disposition(content_disposition: str, default_filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
+    return the default filename if the result is empty.
+    """
+    m = email.message.Message()
+    m["content-type"] = content_disposition
+    filename = m.get_param("filename")
+    if filename:
+        # We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
+        # in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
+        filename = sanitize_content_filename(str(filename))
+    return filename or default_filename
+
+
+def _get_http_response_filename(resp: Response, link: Link) -> str:
+    """Get an ideal filename from the given HTTP response, falling back to
+    the link filename if not provided.
+    """
+    filename = link.filename  # fallback
+    # Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
+    content_disposition = resp.headers.get("content-disposition")
+    if content_disposition:
+        filename = parse_content_disposition(content_disposition, filename)
+    ext: Optional[str] = splitext(filename)[1]
+    if not ext:
+        ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(resp.headers.get("content-type", ""))
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    return filename
+
+
+def _http_get_download(session: PipSession, link: Link) -> Response:
+    target_url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+    resp = session.get(target_url, headers=HEADERS, stream=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+    return resp
+
+
+class Downloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(self, link: Link, location: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """Download the file given by link into location."""
+        try:
+            resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+            assert e.response is not None
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s", e.response.status_code, link
+            )
+            raise
+
+        filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+        filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+        chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+        with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                content_file.write(chunk)
+        content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+        return filepath, content_type
+
+
+class BatchDownloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, links: Iterable[Link], location: str
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[Link, Tuple[str, str]]]:
+        """Download the files given by links into location."""
+        for link in links:
+            try:
+                resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+            except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+                assert e.response is not None
+                logger.critical(
+                    "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                    e.response.status_code,
+                    link,
+                )
+                raise
+
+            filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+            filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+            chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+            with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    content_file.write(chunk)
+            content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+            yield link, (filepath, content_type)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82ec50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Lazy ZIP over HTTP"""
+
+__all__ = ["HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported", "dist_from_wheel_url"]
+
+from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, MemoryWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+
+
+class HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def dist_from_wheel_url(name: str, url: str, session: PipSession) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Return a distribution object from the given wheel URL.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to only fetch the portion of the wheel
+    containing metadata, just enough for the object to be constructed.
+    If such requests are not supported, HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    is raised.
+    """
+    with LazyZipOverHTTP(url, session) as zf:
+        # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs methods read,
+        # seek, seekable and tell, not the whole IO protocol.
+        wheel = MemoryWheel(zf.name, zf)  # type: ignore
+        # After context manager exit, wheel.name
+        # is an invalid file by intention.
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(name))
+
+
+class LazyZipOverHTTP:
+    """File-like object mapped to a ZIP file over HTTP.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to lazily fetch the file's content,
+    which is supposed to be fed to ZipFile.  If such requests are not
+    supported by the server, raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    during initialization.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: str, session: PipSession, chunk_size: int = CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
+    ) -> None:
+        head = session.head(url, headers=HEADERS)
+        raise_for_status(head)
+        assert head.status_code == 200
+        self._session, self._url, self._chunk_size = session, url, chunk_size
+        self._length = int(head.headers["Content-Length"])
+        self._file = NamedTemporaryFile()
+        self.truncate(self._length)
+        self._left: List[int] = []
+        self._right: List[int] = []
+        if "bytes" not in head.headers.get("Accept-Ranges", "none"):
+            raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported("range request is not supported")
+        self._check_zip()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        """Opening mode, which is always rb."""
+        return "rb"
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """Path to the underlying file."""
+        return self._file.name
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether random access is supported, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the file."""
+        self._file.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the file is closed."""
+        return self._file.closed
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        """Read up to size bytes from the object and return them.
+
+        As a convenience, if size is unspecified or -1,
+        all bytes until EOF are returned.  Fewer than
+        size bytes may be returned if EOF is reached.
+        """
+        download_size = max(size, self._chunk_size)
+        start, length = self.tell(), self._length
+        stop = length if size < 0 else min(start + download_size, length)
+        start = max(0, stop - download_size)
+        self._download(start, stop - 1)
+        return self._file.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the file is readable, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Change stream position and return the new absolute position.
+
+        Seek to offset relative position indicated by whence:
+        * 0: Start of stream (the default).  pos should be >= 0;
+        * 1: Current position - pos may be negative;
+        * 2: End of stream - pos usually negative.
+        """
+        return self._file.seek(offset, whence)
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current position."""
+        return self._file.tell()
+
+    def truncate(self, size: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
+        """Resize the stream to the given size in bytes.
+
+        If size is unspecified resize to the current position.
+        The current stream position isn't changed.
+
+        Return the new file size.
+        """
+        return self._file.truncate(size)
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return False."""
+        return False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "LazyZipOverHTTP":
+        self._file.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc: Any) -> None:
+        self._file.__exit__(*exc)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _stay(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Return a context manager keeping the position.
+
+        At the end of the block, seek back to original position.
+        """
+        pos = self.tell()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.seek(pos)
+
+    def _check_zip(self) -> None:
+        """Check and download until the file is a valid ZIP."""
+        end = self._length - 1
+        for start in reversed(range(0, end, self._chunk_size)):
+            self._download(start, end)
+            with self._stay():
+                try:
+                    # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs
+                    # methods read, seek, seekable and tell.
+                    ZipFile(self)  # type: ignore
+                except BadZipFile:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+    def _stream_response(
+        self, start: int, end: int, base_headers: Dict[str, str] = HEADERS
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Return HTTP response to a range request from start to end."""
+        headers = base_headers.copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+        # TODO: Get range requests to be correctly cached
+        headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+        return self._session.get(self._url, headers=headers, stream=True)
+
+    def _merge(
+        self, start: int, end: int, left: int, right: int
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[int, int], None, None]:
+        """Return a generator of intervals to be fetched.
+
+        Args:
+            start (int): Start of needed interval
+            end (int): End of needed interval
+            left (int): Index of first overlapping downloaded data
+            right (int): Index after last overlapping downloaded data
+        """
+        lslice, rslice = self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right]
+        i = start = min([start] + lslice[:1])
+        end = max([end] + rslice[-1:])
+        for j, k in zip(lslice, rslice):
+            if j > i:
+                yield i, j - 1
+            i = k + 1
+        if i <= end:
+            yield i, end
+        self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right] = [start], [end]
+
+    def _download(self, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        """Download bytes from start to end inclusively."""
+        with self._stay():
+            left = bisect_left(self._right, start)
+            right = bisect_right(self._left, end)
+            for start, end in self._merge(start, end, left, right):
+                response = self._stream_response(start, end)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                self.seek(start)
+                for chunk in response_chunks(response, self._chunk_size):
+                    self._file.write(chunk)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1765b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+"""PipSession and supporting code, containing all pip-specific
+network request configuration and behavior.
+"""
+
+import email.utils
+import functools
+import io
+import ipaddress
+import json
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests, urllib3
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol import CacheControlAdapter as _BaseCacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, BaseAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter as _BaseHTTPAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import PreparedRequest, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.connectionpool import ConnectionPool
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.auth import MultiDomainBasicAuth
+from pip._internal.network.cache import SafeFileCache
+
+# Import ssl from compat so the initial import occurs in only one place.
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.glibc import libc_ver
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_url_from_netloc, parse_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SecureOrigin = Tuple[str, str, Optional[Union[int, str]]]
+
+
+# Ignore warning raised when using --trusted-host.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+
+
+SECURE_ORIGINS: List[SecureOrigin] = [
+    # protocol, hostname, port
+    # Taken from Chrome's list of secure origins (See: http://bit.ly/1qrySKC)
+    ("https", "*", "*"),
+    ("*", "localhost", "*"),
+    ("*", "127.0.0.0/8", "*"),
+    ("*", "::1/128", "*"),
+    ("file", "*", None),
+    # ssh is always secure.
+    ("ssh", "*", "*"),
+]
+
+
+# These are environment variables present when running under various
+# CI systems.  For each variable, some CI systems that use the variable
+# are indicated.  The collection was chosen so that for each of a number
+# of popular systems, at least one of the environment variables is used.
+# This list is used to provide some indication of and lower bound for
+# CI traffic to PyPI.  Thus, it is okay if the list is not comprehensive.
+# For more background, see: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5499
+CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = (
+    # Azure Pipelines
+    "BUILD_BUILDID",
+    # Jenkins
+    "BUILD_ID",
+    # AppVeyor, CircleCI, Codeship, Gitlab CI, Shippable, Travis CI
+    "CI",
+    # Explicit environment variable.
+    "PIP_IS_CI",
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_ci() -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether it looks like pip is running under CI.
+    """
+    # We don't use the method of checking for a tty (e.g. using isatty())
+    # because some CI systems mimic a tty (e.g. Travis CI).  Thus that
+    # method doesn't provide definitive information in either direction.
+    return any(name in os.environ for name in CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def user_agent() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a string representing the user agent.
+    """
+    data: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        "installer": {"name": "pip", "version": __version__},
+        "python": platform.python_version(),
+        "implementation": {
+            "name": platform.python_implementation(),
+        },
+    }
+
+    if data["implementation"]["name"] == "CPython":
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "PyPy":
+        pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info  # type: ignore
+        if pypy_version_info.releaselevel == "final":
+            pypy_version_info = pypy_version_info[:3]
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = ".".join(
+            [str(x) for x in pypy_version_info]
+        )
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "Jython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "IronPython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        from pip._vendor import distro
+
+        linux_distribution = distro.name(), distro.version(), distro.codename()
+        distro_infos: Dict[str, Any] = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["name", "version", "id"], linux_distribution),
+            )
+        )
+        libc = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["lib", "version"], libc_ver()),
+            )
+        )
+        if libc:
+            distro_infos["libc"] = libc
+        if distro_infos:
+            data["distro"] = distro_infos
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") and platform.mac_ver()[0]:
+        data["distro"] = {"name": "macOS", "version": platform.mac_ver()[0]}
+
+    if platform.system():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["name"] = platform.system()
+
+    if platform.release():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["release"] = platform.release()
+
+    if platform.machine():
+        data["cpu"] = platform.machine()
+
+    if has_tls():
+        import _ssl as ssl
+
+        data["openssl_version"] = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
+
+    setuptools_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("setuptools")
+    if setuptools_dist is not None:
+        data["setuptools_version"] = str(setuptools_dist.version)
+
+    if shutil.which("rustc") is not None:
+        # If for any reason `rustc --version` fails, silently ignore it
+        try:
+            rustc_output = subprocess.check_output(
+                ["rustc", "--version"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, timeout=0.5
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if rustc_output.startswith(b"rustc "):
+                # The format of `rustc --version` is:
+                # `b'rustc 1.52.1 (9bc8c42bb 2021-05-09)\n'`
+                # We extract just the middle (1.52.1) part
+                data["rustc_version"] = rustc_output.split(b" ")[1].decode()
+
+    # Use None rather than False so as not to give the impression that
+    # pip knows it is not being run under CI.  Rather, it is a null or
+    # inconclusive result.  Also, we include some value rather than no
+    # value to make it easier to know that the check has been run.
+    data["ci"] = True if looks_like_ci() else None
+
+    user_data = os.environ.get("PIP_USER_AGENT_USER_DATA")
+    if user_data is not None:
+        data["user_data"] = user_data
+
+    return "{data[installer][name]}/{data[installer][version]} {json}".format(
+        data=data,
+        json=json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True),
+    )
+
+
+class LocalFSAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float]]] = None,
+        verify: Union[bool, str] = True,
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
+        proxies: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        pathname = url_to_path(request.url)
+
+        resp = Response()
+        resp.status_code = 200
+        resp.url = request.url
+
+        try:
+            stats = os.stat(pathname)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            # format the exception raised as a io.BytesIO object,
+            # to return a better error message:
+            resp.status_code = 404
+            resp.reason = type(exc).__name__
+            resp.raw = io.BytesIO(f"{resp.reason}: {exc}".encode())
+        else:
+            modified = email.utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+            content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(pathname)[0] or "text/plain"
+            resp.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+                {
+                    "Content-Type": content_type,
+                    "Content-Length": stats.st_size,
+                    "Last-Modified": modified,
+                }
+            )
+
+            resp.raw = open(pathname, "rb")
+            resp.close = resp.raw.close
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class _SSLContextAdapterMixin:
+    """Mixin to add the ``ssl_context`` constructor argument to HTTP adapters.
+
+    The additional argument is forwarded directly to the pool manager. This allows us
+    to dynamically decide what SSL store to use at runtime, which is used to implement
+    the optional ``truststore`` backend.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self,
+        connections: int,
+        maxsize: int,
+        block: bool = DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+        **pool_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "PoolManager":
+        if self._ssl_context is not None:
+            pool_kwargs.setdefault("ssl_context", self._ssl_context)
+        return super().init_poolmanager(  # type: ignore[misc]
+            connections=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseHTTPAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseCacheControlAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureHTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class InsecureCacheControlAdapter(CacheControlAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class PipSession(requests.Session):
+    timeout: Optional[int] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        cache: Optional[str] = None,
+        trusted_hosts: Sequence[str] = (),
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param trusted_hosts: Domains not to emit warnings for when not using
+            HTTPS.
+        """
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Namespace the attribute with "pip_" just in case to prevent
+        # possible conflicts with the base class.
+        self.pip_trusted_origins: List[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]] = []
+
+        # Attach our User Agent to the request
+        self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
+
+        # Attach our Authentication handler to the session
+        self.auth = MultiDomainBasicAuth(index_urls=index_urls)
+
+        # Create our urllib3.Retry instance which will allow us to customize
+        # how we handle retries.
+        retries = urllib3.Retry(
+            # Set the total number of retries that a particular request can
+            # have.
+            total=retries,
+            # A 503 error from PyPI typically means that the Fastly -> Origin
+            # connection got interrupted in some way. A 503 error in general
+            # is typically considered a transient error so we'll go ahead and
+            # retry it.
+            # A 500 may indicate transient error in Amazon S3
+            # A 502 may be a transient error from a CDN like CloudFlare or CloudFront
+            # A 520 or 527 - may indicate transient error in CloudFlare
+            status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 520, 527],
+            # Add a small amount of back off between failed requests in
+            # order to prevent hammering the service.
+            backoff_factor=0.25,
+        )  # type: ignore
+
+        # Our Insecure HTTPAdapter disables HTTPS validation. It does not
+        # support caching so we'll use it for all http:// URLs.
+        # If caching is disabled, we will also use it for
+        # https:// hosts that we've marked as ignoring
+        # TLS errors for (trusted-hosts).
+        insecure_adapter = InsecureHTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
+
+        # We want to _only_ cache responses on securely fetched origins or when
+        # the host is specified as trusted. We do this because
+        # we can't validate the response of an insecurely/untrusted fetched
+        # origin, and we don't want someone to be able to poison the cache and
+        # require manual eviction from the cache to fix it.
+        if cache:
+            secure_adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = InsecureCacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+            )
+        else:
+            secure_adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries, ssl_context=ssl_context)
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = insecure_adapter
+
+        self.mount("https://", secure_adapter)
+        self.mount("http://", insecure_adapter)
+
+        # Enable file:// urls
+        self.mount("file://", LocalFSAdapter())
+
+        for host in trusted_hosts:
+            self.add_trusted_host(host, suppress_logging=True)
+
+    def update_index_urls(self, new_index_urls: List[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param new_index_urls: New index urls to update the authentication
+            handler with.
+        """
+        self.auth.index_urls = new_index_urls
+
+    def add_trusted_host(
+        self, host: str, source: Optional[str] = None, suppress_logging: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param host: It is okay to provide a host that has previously been
+            added.
+        :param source: An optional source string, for logging where the host
+            string came from.
+        """
+        if not suppress_logging:
+            msg = f"adding trusted host: {host!r}"
+            if source is not None:
+                msg += f" (from {source})"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+        parsed_host, parsed_port = parse_netloc(host)
+        if parsed_host is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Trusted host URL must include a host part: {host!r}")
+        if (parsed_host, parsed_port) not in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            self.pip_trusted_origins.append((parsed_host, parsed_port))
+
+        self.mount(
+            build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter
+        )
+        self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+        if not parsed_port:
+            self.mount(
+                build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + ":",
+                self._trusted_host_adapter,
+            )
+            # Mount wildcard ports for the same host.
+            self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + ":", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+
+    def iter_secure_origins(self) -> Generator[SecureOrigin, None, None]:
+        yield from SECURE_ORIGINS
+        for host, port in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield ("*", host, "*" if port is None else port)
+
+    def is_secure_origin(self, location: Link) -> bool:
+        # Determine if this url used a secure transport mechanism
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(str(location))
+        origin_protocol, origin_host, origin_port = (
+            parsed.scheme,
+            parsed.hostname,
+            parsed.port,
+        )
+
+        # The protocol to use to see if the protocol matches.
+        # Don't count the repository type as part of the protocol: in
+        # cases such as "git+ssh", only use "ssh". (I.e., Only verify against
+        # the last scheme.)
+        origin_protocol = origin_protocol.rsplit("+", 1)[-1]
+
+        # Determine if our origin is a secure origin by looking through our
+        # hardcoded list of secure origins, as well as any additional ones
+        # configured on this PackageFinder instance.
+        for secure_origin in self.iter_secure_origins():
+            secure_protocol, secure_host, secure_port = secure_origin
+            if origin_protocol != secure_protocol and secure_protocol != "*":
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                addr = ipaddress.ip_address(origin_host or "")
+                network = ipaddress.ip_network(secure_host)
+            except ValueError:
+                # We don't have both a valid address or a valid network, so
+                # we'll check this origin against hostnames.
+                if (
+                    origin_host
+                    and origin_host.lower() != secure_host.lower()
+                    and secure_host != "*"
+                ):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # We have a valid address and network, so see if the address
+                # is contained within the network.
+                if addr not in network:
+                    continue
+
+            # Check to see if the port matches.
+            if (
+                origin_port != secure_port
+                and secure_port != "*"
+                and secure_port is not None
+            ):
+                continue
+
+            # If we've gotten here, then this origin matches the current
+            # secure origin and we should return True
+            return True
+
+        # If we've gotten to this point, then the origin isn't secure and we
+        # will not accept it as a valid location to search. We will however
+        # log a warning that we are ignoring it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "The repository located at %s is not a trusted or secure host and "
+            "is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we "
+            "recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence "
+            "this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host %s'.",
+            origin_host,
+            origin_host,
+        )
+
+        return False
+
+    def request(self, method: str, url: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # Allow setting a default timeout on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", self.timeout)
+        # Allow setting a default proxies on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("proxies", self.proxies)
+
+        # Dispatch the actual request
+        return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bba4c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from typing import Dict, Generator
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+
+# The following comments and HTTP headers were originally added by
+# Donald Stufft in git commit 22c562429a61bb77172039e480873fb239dd8c03.
+#
+# We use Accept-Encoding: identity here because requests defaults to
+# accepting compressed responses. This breaks in a variety of ways
+# depending on how the server is configured.
+# - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a compressible file
+#   and will leave the file alone and with an empty Content-Encoding
+# - Some servers will notice that the file is already compressed and
+#   will leave the file alone, adding a Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# - Some servers won't notice anything at all and will take a file
+#   that's already been compressed and compress it again, and set
+#   the Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# By setting this to request only the identity encoding we're hoping
+# to eliminate the third case.  Hopefully there does not exist a server
+# which when given a file will notice it is already compressed and that
+# you're not asking for a compressed file and will then decompress it
+# before sending because if that's the case I don't think it'll ever be
+# possible to make this work.
+HEADERS: Dict[str, str] = {"Accept-Encoding": "identity"}
+
+DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE = 256 * 1024
+
+
+def raise_for_status(resp: Response) -> None:
+    http_error_msg = ""
+    if isinstance(resp.reason, bytes):
+        # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+        # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+        # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+        # encodings.
+        try:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+    else:
+        reason = resp.reason
+
+    if 400 <= resp.status_code < 500:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    elif 500 <= resp.status_code < 600:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    if http_error_msg:
+        raise NetworkConnectionError(http_error_msg, response=resp)
+
+
+def response_chunks(
+    response: Response, chunk_size: int = DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Given a requests Response, provide the data chunks."""
+    try:
+        # Special case for urllib3.
+        for chunk in response.raw.stream(
+            chunk_size,
+            # We use decode_content=False here because we don't
+            # want urllib3 to mess with the raw bytes we get
+            # from the server. If we decompress inside of
+            # urllib3 then we cannot verify the checksum
+            # because the checksum will be of the compressed
+            # file. This breakage will only occur if the
+            # server adds a Content-Encoding header, which
+            # depends on how the server was configured:
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a
+            #   compressible file and will leave the file alone
+            #   and with an empty Content-Encoding
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file is
+            #   already compressed and will leave the file
+            #   alone and will add a Content-Encoding: gzip
+            #   header
+            # - Some servers won't notice anything at all and
+            #   will take a file that's already been compressed
+            #   and compress it again and set the
+            #   Content-Encoding: gzip header
+            #
+            # By setting this not to decode automatically we
+            # hope to eliminate problems with the second case.
+            decode_content=False,
+        ):
+            yield chunk
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Standard file-like object.
+        while True:
+            chunk = response.raw.read(chunk_size)
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22ec8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""xmlrpclib.Transport implementation
+"""
+
+import logging
+import urllib.parse
+import xmlrpc.client
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from xmlrpc.client import _HostType, _Marshallable
+
+    from _typeshed import SizedBuffer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipXmlrpcTransport(xmlrpc.client.Transport):
+    """Provide a `xmlrpclib.Transport` implementation via a `PipSession`
+    object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, index_url: str, session: PipSession, use_datetime: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(use_datetime)
+        index_parts = urllib.parse.urlparse(index_url)
+        self._scheme = index_parts.scheme
+        self._session = session
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        host: "_HostType",
+        handler: str,
+        request_body: "SizedBuffer",
+        verbose: bool = False,
+    ) -> Tuple["_Marshallable", ...]:
+        assert isinstance(host, str)
+        parts = (self._scheme, host, handler, None, None, None)
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(parts)
+        try:
+            headers = {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}
+            response = self._session.post(
+                url,
+                data=request_body,
+                headers=headers,
+                stream=True,
+            )
+            raise_for_status(response)
+            self.verbose = verbose
+            return self.parse_response(response.raw)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+            assert exc.response
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                exc.response.status_code,
+                url,
+            )
+            raise
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ed8dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Dict, Generator, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def update_env_context_manager(**changes: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    target = os.environ
+
+    # Save values from the target and change them.
+    non_existent_marker = object()
+    saved_values: Dict[str, Union[object, str]] = {}
+    for name, new_value in changes.items():
+        try:
+            saved_values[name] = target[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            saved_values[name] = non_existent_marker
+        target[name] = new_value
+
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        # Restore original values in the target.
+        for name, original_value in saved_values.items():
+            if original_value is non_existent_marker:
+                del target[name]
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(original_value, str)  # for mypy
+                target[name] = original_value
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_build_tracker() -> Generator["BuildTracker", None, None]:
+    root = os.environ.get("PIP_BUILD_TRACKER")
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
+        if root is None:
+            root = ctx.enter_context(TempDirectory(kind="build-tracker")).path
+            ctx.enter_context(update_env_context_manager(PIP_BUILD_TRACKER=root))
+            logger.debug("Initialized build tracking at %s", root)
+
+        with BuildTracker(root) as tracker:
+            yield tracker
+
+
+class TrackerId(str):
+    """Uniquely identifying string provided to the build tracker."""
+
+
+class BuildTracker:
+    """Ensure that an sdist cannot request itself as a setup requirement.
+
+    When an sdist is prepared, it identifies its setup requirements in the
+    context of ``BuildTracker.track()``. If a requirement shows up recursively, this
+    raises an exception.
+
+    This stops fork bombs embedded in malicious packages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, root: str) -> None:
+        self._root = root
+        self._entries: Dict[TrackerId, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        logger.debug("Created build tracker: %s", self._root)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "BuildTracker":
+        logger.debug("Entered build tracker: %s", self._root)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cleanup()
+
+    def _entry_path(self, key: TrackerId) -> str:
+        hashed = hashlib.sha224(key.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return os.path.join(self._root, hashed)
+
+    def add(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Add an InstallRequirement to build tracking."""
+
+        # Get the file to write information about this requirement.
+        entry_path = self._entry_path(key)
+
+        # Try reading from the file. If it exists and can be read from, a build
+        # is already in progress, so a LookupError is raised.
+        try:
+            with open(entry_path) as fp:
+                contents = fp.read()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            message = f"{req.link} is already being built: {contents}"
+            raise LookupError(message)
+
+        # If we're here, req should really not be building already.
+        assert key not in self._entries
+
+        # Start tracking this requirement.
+        with open(entry_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+            fp.write(str(req))
+        self._entries[key] = req
+
+        logger.debug("Added %s to build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def remove(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Remove an InstallRequirement from build tracking."""
+
+        # Delete the created file and the corresponding entry.
+        os.unlink(self._entry_path(key))
+        del self._entries[key]
+
+        logger.debug("Removed %s from build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        for key, req in list(self._entries.items()):
+            self.remove(req, key)
+
+        logger.debug("Removed build tracker: %r", self._root)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def track(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Ensure that `key` cannot install itself as a setup requirement.
+
+        :raises LookupError: If `key` was already provided in a parent invocation of
+                             the context introduced by this method."""
+        tracker_id = TrackerId(key)
+        self.add(req, tracker_id)
+        yield
+        self.remove(req, tracker_id)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66ac35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 517.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml)")
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c69f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_editable_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 660.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel/editable, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            "Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c01dd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for legacy source distributions.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_egg_info_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _find_egg_info(directory: str) -> str:
+    """Find an .egg-info subdirectory in `directory`."""
+    filenames = [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith(".egg-info")]
+
+    if not filenames:
+        raise InstallationError(f"No .egg-info directory found in {directory}")
+
+    if len(filenames) > 1:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"More than one .egg-info directory found in {directory}"
+        )
+
+    return os.path.join(directory, filenames[0])
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    details: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using setup.py-based defacto mechanisms.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    logger.debug(
+        "Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s",
+        setup_py_path,
+        details,
+    )
+
+    egg_info_dir = TempDirectory(kind="pip-egg-info", globally_managed=True).path
+
+    args = make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        egg_info_dir=egg_info_dir,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+    )
+
+    with build_env:
+        with open_spinner("Preparing metadata (setup.py)") as spinner:
+            try:
+                call_subprocess(
+                    args,
+                    cwd=source_dir,
+                    command_desc="python setup.py egg_info",
+                    spinner=spinner,
+                )
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    # Return the .egg-info directory.
+    return _find_egg_info(egg_info_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064811a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_pep517(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 517 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building wheel for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            wheel_name = backend.build_wheel(
+                tempd,
+                metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719d69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller, HookMissing
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_editable(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 660 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building editable for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                wheel_name = backend.build_editable(
+                    tempd,
+                    metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+                )
+            except HookMissing as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Cannot build editable %s because the build "
+                    "backend does not have the %s hook",
+                    name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                return None
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building editable for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ee2a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess, format_command_args
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def format_command_result(
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Format command information for logging."""
+    command_desc = format_command_args(command_args)
+    text = f"Command arguments: {command_desc}\n"
+
+    if not command_output:
+        text += "Command output: None"
+    elif logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
+        text += "Command output: [use --verbose to show]"
+    else:
+        if not command_output.endswith("\n"):
+            command_output += "\n"
+        text += f"Command output:\n{command_output}"
+
+    return text
+
+
+def get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+    names: List[str],
+    temp_dir: str,
+    name: str,
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Return the path to the wheel in the temporary build directory."""
+    # Sort for determinism.
+    names = sorted(names)
+    if not names:
+        msg = f"Legacy build of wheel for {name!r} created no files.\n"
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+        return None
+
+    if len(names) > 1:
+        msg = (
+            f"Legacy build of wheel for {name!r} created more than one file.\n"
+            f"Filenames (choosing first): {names}\n"
+        )
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+
+    return os.path.join(temp_dir, names[0])
+
+
+def build_wheel_legacy(
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    global_options: List[str],
+    build_options: List[str],
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one unpacked package using the "legacy" build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    wheel_args = make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        build_options=build_options,
+        destination_dir=tempd,
+    )
+
+    spin_message = f"Building wheel for {name} (setup.py)"
+    with open_spinner(spin_message) as spinner:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        try:
+            output = call_subprocess(
+                wheel_args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py bdist_wheel",
+                cwd=source_dir,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+            logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+            return None
+
+        names = os.listdir(tempd)
+        wheel_path = get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+            names=names,
+            temp_dir=tempd,
+            name=name,
+            command_args=wheel_args,
+            command_output=output,
+        )
+        return wheel_path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b6fbc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+"""Validation of dependencies of packages
+"""
+
+import logging
+from contextlib import suppress
+from email.parser import Parser
+from functools import reduce
+from typing import (
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag, parse_tag
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PackageDetails(NamedTuple):
+    version: Version
+    dependencies: List[Requirement]
+
+
+# Shorthands
+PackageSet = Dict[NormalizedName, PackageDetails]
+Missing = Tuple[NormalizedName, Requirement]
+Conflicting = Tuple[NormalizedName, Version, Requirement]
+
+MissingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Missing]]
+ConflictingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Conflicting]]
+CheckResult = Tuple[MissingDict, ConflictingDict]
+ConflictDetails = Tuple[PackageSet, CheckResult]
+
+
+def create_package_set_from_installed() -> Tuple[PackageSet, bool]:
+    """Converts a list of distributions into a PackageSet."""
+    package_set = {}
+    problems = False
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False, skip=()):
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        try:
+            dependencies = list(dist.iter_dependencies())
+            package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, dependencies)
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            # Don't crash on unreadable or broken metadata.
+            logger.warning("Error parsing dependencies of %s: %s", name, e)
+            problems = True
+    return package_set, problems
+
+
+def check_package_set(
+    package_set: PackageSet, should_ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None
+) -> CheckResult:
+    """Check if a package set is consistent
+
+    If should_ignore is passed, it should be a callable that takes a
+    package name and returns a boolean.
+    """
+
+    missing = {}
+    conflicting = {}
+
+    for package_name, package_detail in package_set.items():
+        # Info about dependencies of package_name
+        missing_deps: Set[Missing] = set()
+        conflicting_deps: Set[Conflicting] = set()
+
+        if should_ignore and should_ignore(package_name):
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_detail.dependencies:
+            name = canonicalize_name(req.name)
+
+            # Check if it's missing
+            if name not in package_set:
+                missed = True
+                if req.marker is not None:
+                    missed = req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""})
+                if missed:
+                    missing_deps.add((name, req))
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there's a conflict
+            version = package_set[name].version
+            if not req.specifier.contains(version, prereleases=True):
+                conflicting_deps.add((name, version, req))
+
+        if missing_deps:
+            missing[package_name] = sorted(missing_deps, key=str)
+        if conflicting_deps:
+            conflicting[package_name] = sorted(conflicting_deps, key=str)
+
+    return missing, conflicting
+
+
+def check_install_conflicts(to_install: List[InstallRequirement]) -> ConflictDetails:
+    """For checking if the dependency graph would be consistent after \
+    installing given requirements
+    """
+    # Start from the current state
+    package_set, _ = create_package_set_from_installed()
+    # Install packages
+    would_be_installed = _simulate_installation_of(to_install, package_set)
+
+    # Only warn about directly-dependent packages; create a whitelist of them
+    whitelist = _create_whitelist(would_be_installed, package_set)
+
+    return (
+        package_set,
+        check_package_set(
+            package_set, should_ignore=lambda name: name not in whitelist
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def check_unsupported(
+    packages: Iterable[BaseDistribution],
+    supported_tags: Iterable[Tag],
+) -> Generator[BaseDistribution, None, None]:
+    for p in packages:
+        with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            wheel_file = p.read_text("WHEEL")
+            wheel_tags: FrozenSet[Tag] = reduce(
+                frozenset.union,
+                map(parse_tag, Parser().parsestr(wheel_file).get_all("Tag", [])),
+                frozenset(),
+            )
+            if wheel_tags.isdisjoint(supported_tags):
+                yield p
+
+
+def _simulate_installation_of(
+    to_install: List[InstallRequirement], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    """Computes the version of packages after installing to_install."""
+    # Keep track of packages that were installed
+    installed = set()
+
+    # Modify it as installing requirement_set would (assuming no errors)
+    for inst_req in to_install:
+        abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(inst_req)
+        dist = abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, list(dist.iter_dependencies()))
+
+        installed.add(name)
+
+    return installed
+
+
+def _create_whitelist(
+    would_be_installed: Set[NormalizedName], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    packages_affected = set(would_be_installed)
+
+    for package_name in package_set:
+        if package_name in packages_affected:
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_set[package_name].dependencies:
+            if canonicalize_name(req.name) in packages_affected:
+                packages_affected.add(package_name)
+                break
+
+    return packages_affected
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb1039f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Container, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import InvalidVersion
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import COMMENT_RE
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class _EditableInfo(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    comments: List[str]
+
+
+def freeze(
+    requirement: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    local_only: bool = False,
+    user_only: bool = False,
+    paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    exclude_editable: bool = False,
+    skip: Container[str] = (),
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    installations: Dict[str, FrozenRequirement] = {}
+
+    dists = get_environment(paths).iter_installed_distributions(
+        local_only=local_only,
+        skip=(),
+        user_only=user_only,
+    )
+    for dist in dists:
+        req = FrozenRequirement.from_dist(dist)
+        if exclude_editable and req.editable:
+            continue
+        installations[req.canonical_name] = req
+
+    if requirement:
+        # the options that don't get turned into an InstallRequirement
+        # should only be emitted once, even if the same option is in multiple
+        # requirements files, so we need to keep track of what has been emitted
+        # so that we don't emit it again if it's seen again
+        emitted_options: Set[str] = set()
+        # keep track of which files a requirement is in so that we can
+        # give an accurate warning if a requirement appears multiple times.
+        req_files: Dict[str, List[str]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        for req_file_path in requirement:
+            with open(req_file_path) as req_file:
+                for line in req_file:
+                    if (
+                        not line.strip()
+                        or line.strip().startswith("#")
+                        or line.startswith(
+                            (
+                                "-r",
+                                "--requirement",
+                                "-f",
+                                "--find-links",
+                                "-i",
+                                "--index-url",
+                                "--pre",
+                                "--trusted-host",
+                                "--process-dependency-links",
+                                "--extra-index-url",
+                                "--use-feature",
+                            )
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        line = line.rstrip()
+                        if line not in emitted_options:
+                            emitted_options.add(line)
+                            yield line
+                        continue
+
+                    if line.startswith("-e") or line.startswith("--editable"):
+                        if line.startswith("-e"):
+                            line = line[2:].strip()
+                        else:
+                            line = line[len("--editable") :].strip().lstrip("=")
+                        line_req = install_req_from_editable(
+                            line,
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req = install_req_from_line(
+                            COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+
+                    if not line_req.name:
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Skipping line in requirement file [%s] because "
+                            "it's not clear what it would install: %s",
+                            req_file_path,
+                            line.strip(),
+                        )
+                        logger.info(
+                            "  (add #egg=PackageName to the URL to avoid"
+                            " this warning)"
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req_canonical_name = canonicalize_name(line_req.name)
+                        if line_req_canonical_name not in installations:
+                            # either it's not installed, or it is installed
+                            # but has been processed already
+                            if not req_files[line_req.name]:
+                                logger.warning(
+                                    "Requirement file [%s] contains %s, but "
+                                    "package %r is not installed",
+                                    req_file_path,
+                                    COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                                    line_req.name,
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+                        else:
+                            yield str(installations[line_req_canonical_name]).rstrip()
+                            del installations[line_req_canonical_name]
+                            req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+
+        # Warn about requirements that were included multiple times (in a
+        # single requirements file or in different requirements files).
+        for name, files in req_files.items():
+            if len(files) > 1:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Requirement %s included multiple times [%s]",
+                    name,
+                    ", ".join(sorted(set(files))),
+                )
+
+        yield ("## The following requirements were added by pip freeze:")
+    for installation in sorted(installations.values(), key=lambda x: x.name.lower()):
+        if installation.canonical_name not in skip:
+            yield str(installation).rstrip()
+
+
+def _format_as_name_version(dist: BaseDistribution) -> str:
+    try:
+        dist_version = dist.version
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        # legacy version
+        return f"{dist.raw_name}==={dist.raw_version}"
+    else:
+        return f"{dist.raw_name}=={dist_version}"
+
+
+def _get_editable_info(dist: BaseDistribution) -> _EditableInfo:
+    """
+    Compute and return values (req, comments) for use in
+    FrozenRequirement.from_dist().
+    """
+    editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+    assert editable_project_location
+    location = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(editable_project_location))
+
+    from pip._internal.vcs import RemoteNotFoundError, RemoteNotValidError, vcs
+
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_dir(location)
+
+    if vcs_backend is None:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        logger.debug(
+            'No VCS found for editable requirement "%s" in: %r',
+            display,
+            location,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable install with no version control ({display})"],
+        )
+
+    vcs_name = type(vcs_backend).__name__
+
+    try:
+        req = vcs_backend.get_src_requirement(location, dist.raw_name)
+    except RemoteNotFoundError:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable {vcs_name} install with no remote ({display})"],
+        )
+    except RemoteNotValidError as ex:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[
+                f"# Editable {vcs_name} install ({display}) with either a deleted "
+                f"local remote or invalid URI:",
+                f"# '{ex.url}'",
+            ],
+        )
+    except BadCommand:
+        logger.warning(
+            "cannot determine version of editable source in %s "
+            "(%s command not found in path)",
+            location,
+            vcs_backend.name,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=location, comments=[])
+    except InstallationError as exc:
+        logger.warning("Error when trying to get requirement for VCS system %s", exc)
+    else:
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=req, comments=[])
+
+    logger.warning("Could not determine repository location of %s", location)
+
+    return _EditableInfo(
+        requirement=location,
+        comments=["## !! Could not determine repository location"],
+    )
+
+
+class FrozenRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        req: str,
+        editable: bool,
+        comments: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        self.req = req
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.comments = comments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "FrozenRequirement":
+        editable = dist.editable
+        if editable:
+            req, comments = _get_editable_info(dist)
+        else:
+            comments = []
+            direct_url = dist.direct_url
+            if direct_url:
+                # if PEP 610 metadata is present, use it
+                req = direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url, dist.raw_name)
+            else:
+                # name==version requirement
+                req = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+
+        return cls(dist.raw_name, req, editable, comments=comments)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        req = self.req
+        if self.editable:
+            req = f"-e {req}"
+        return "\n".join(list(self.comments) + [str(req)]) + "\n"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d6a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""For modules related to installing packages.
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/wheel.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/wheel.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aaa699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Legacy editable installation process, i.e. `setup.py develop`.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Optional, Sequence
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_develop_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def install_editable(
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    unpacked_source_directory: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a package in editable mode. Most arguments are pass-through
+    to setuptools.
+    """
+    logger.info("Running setup.py develop for %s", name)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_develop_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+        home=home,
+        use_user_site=use_user_site,
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        with build_env:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py develop",
+                cwd=unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aef42aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+"""Support for installing and building the "wheel" binary package format.
+"""
+
+import collections
+import compileall
+import contextlib
+import csv
+import importlib
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import warnings
+from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
+from email.message import Message
+from itertools import chain, filterfalse, starmap
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from zipfile import ZipFile, ZipInfo
+
+from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
+from pip._vendor.distlib.util import get_export_entry
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME, DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import StreamWrapper, ensure_dir, hash_file, partition
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import (
+    current_umask,
+    is_within_directory,
+    set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable,
+    zip_item_is_executable,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class File(Protocol):
+        src_record_path: "RecordPath"
+        dest_path: str
+        changed: bool
+
+        def save(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+RecordPath = NewType("RecordPath", str)
+InstalledCSVRow = Tuple[RecordPath, str, Union[int, str]]
+
+
+def rehash(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Return (encoded_digest, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+    h, length = hash_file(path, blocksize)
+    digest = "sha256=" + urlsafe_b64encode(h.digest()).decode("latin1").rstrip("=")
+    return (digest, str(length))
+
+
+def csv_io_kwargs(mode: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return keyword arguments to properly open a CSV file
+    in the given mode.
+    """
+    return {"mode": mode, "newline": "", "encoding": "utf-8"}
+
+
+def fix_script(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Replace #!python with #!/path/to/python
+    Return True if file was changed.
+    """
+    # XXX RECORD hashes will need to be updated
+    assert os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as script:
+        firstline = script.readline()
+        if not firstline.startswith(b"#!python"):
+            return False
+        exename = sys.executable.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        firstline = b"#!" + exename + os.linesep.encode("ascii")
+        rest = script.read()
+    with open(path, "wb") as script:
+        script.write(firstline)
+        script.write(rest)
+    return True
+
+
+def wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata: Message) -> bool:
+    return metadata.get("Root-Is-Purelib", "").lower() == "true"
+
+
+def get_entrypoints(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
+    console_scripts = {}
+    gui_scripts = {}
+    for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+        if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+            console_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+        elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+            gui_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+    return console_scripts, gui_scripts
+
+
+def message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(scripts: Sequence[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if any scripts are not on PATH and format a warning.
+    Returns a warning message if one or more scripts are not on PATH,
+    otherwise None.
+    """
+    if not scripts:
+        return None
+
+    # Group scripts by the path they were installed in
+    grouped_by_dir: Dict[str, Set[str]] = collections.defaultdict(set)
+    for destfile in scripts:
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(destfile)
+        script_name = os.path.basename(destfile)
+        grouped_by_dir[parent_dir].add(script_name)
+
+    # We don't want to warn for directories that are on PATH.
+    not_warn_dirs = [
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(i)).rstrip(os.sep)
+        for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
+    ]
+    # If an executable sits with sys.executable, we don't warn for it.
+    #     This covers the case of venv invocations without activating the venv.
+    not_warn_dirs.append(
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(sys.executable)))
+    )
+    warn_for: Dict[str, Set[str]] = {
+        parent_dir: scripts
+        for parent_dir, scripts in grouped_by_dir.items()
+        if os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(parent_dir)) not in not_warn_dirs
+    }
+    if not warn_for:
+        return None
+
+    # Format a message
+    msg_lines = []
+    for parent_dir, dir_scripts in warn_for.items():
+        sorted_scripts: List[str] = sorted(dir_scripts)
+        if len(sorted_scripts) == 1:
+            start_text = f"script {sorted_scripts[0]} is"
+        else:
+            start_text = "scripts {} are".format(
+                ", ".join(sorted_scripts[:-1]) + " and " + sorted_scripts[-1]
+            )
+
+        msg_lines.append(
+            f"The {start_text} installed in '{parent_dir}' which is not on PATH."
+        )
+
+    last_line_fmt = (
+        "Consider adding {} to PATH or, if you prefer "
+        "to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location."
+    )
+    if len(msg_lines) == 1:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("this directory"))
+    else:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("these directories"))
+
+    # Add a note if any directory starts with ~
+    warn_for_tilde = any(
+        i[0] == "~" for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep) if i
+    )
+    if warn_for_tilde:
+        tilde_warning_msg = (
+            "NOTE: The current PATH contains path(s) starting with `~`, "
+            "which may not be expanded by all applications."
+        )
+        msg_lines.append(tilde_warning_msg)
+
+    # Returns the formatted multiline message
+    return "\n".join(msg_lines)
+
+
+def _normalized_outrows(
+    outrows: Iterable[InstalledCSVRow],
+) -> List[Tuple[str, str, str]]:
+    """Normalize the given rows of a RECORD file.
+
+    Items in each row are converted into str. Rows are then sorted to make
+    the value more predictable for tests.
+
+    Each row is a 3-tuple (path, hash, size) and corresponds to a record of
+    a RECORD file (see PEP 376 and PEP 427 for details).  For the rows
+    passed to this function, the size can be an integer as an int or string,
+    or the empty string.
+    """
+    # Normally, there should only be one row per path, in which case the
+    # second and third elements don't come into play when sorting.
+    # However, in cases in the wild where a path might happen to occur twice,
+    # we don't want the sort operation to trigger an error (but still want
+    # determinism).  Since the third element can be an int or string, we
+    # coerce each element to a string to avoid a TypeError in this case.
+    # For additional background, see--
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5868
+    return sorted(
+        (record_path, hash_, str(size)) for record_path, hash_, size in outrows
+    )
+
+
+def _record_to_fs_path(record_path: RecordPath, lib_dir: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(lib_dir, record_path)
+
+
+def _fs_to_record_path(path: str, lib_dir: str) -> RecordPath:
+    # On Windows, do not handle relative paths if they belong to different
+    # logical disks
+    if os.path.splitdrive(path)[0].lower() == os.path.splitdrive(lib_dir)[0].lower():
+        path = os.path.relpath(path, lib_dir)
+
+    path = path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+    return cast("RecordPath", path)
+
+
+def get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+    old_csv_rows: List[List[str]],
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath],
+    changed: Set[RecordPath],
+    generated: List[str],
+    lib_dir: str,
+) -> List[InstalledCSVRow]:
+    """
+    :param installed: A map from archive RECORD path to installation RECORD
+        path.
+    """
+    installed_rows: List[InstalledCSVRow] = []
+    for row in old_csv_rows:
+        if len(row) > 3:
+            logger.warning("RECORD line has more than three elements: %s", row)
+        old_record_path = cast("RecordPath", row[0])
+        new_record_path = installed.pop(old_record_path, old_record_path)
+        if new_record_path in changed:
+            digest, length = rehash(_record_to_fs_path(new_record_path, lib_dir))
+        else:
+            digest = row[1] if len(row) > 1 else ""
+            length = row[2] if len(row) > 2 else ""
+        installed_rows.append((new_record_path, digest, length))
+    for f in generated:
+        path = _fs_to_record_path(f, lib_dir)
+        digest, length = rehash(f)
+        installed_rows.append((path, digest, length))
+    return installed_rows + [
+        (installed_record_path, "", "") for installed_record_path in installed.values()
+    ]
+
+
+def get_console_script_specs(console: Dict[str, str]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Given the mapping from entrypoint name to callable, return the relevant
+    console script specs.
+    """
+    # Don't mutate caller's version
+    console = console.copy()
+
+    scripts_to_generate = []
+
+    # Special case pip and setuptools to generate versioned wrappers
+    #
+    # The issue is that some projects (specifically, pip and setuptools) use
+    # code in setup.py to create "versioned" entry points - pip2.7 on Python
+    # 2.7, pip3.3 on Python 3.3, etc. But these entry points are baked into
+    # the wheel metadata at build time, and so if the wheel is installed with
+    # a *different* version of Python the entry points will be wrong. The
+    # correct fix for this is to enhance the metadata to be able to describe
+    # such versioned entry points.
+    # Currently, projects using versioned entry points will either have
+    # incorrect versioned entry points, or they will not be able to distribute
+    # "universal" wheels (i.e., they will need a wheel per Python version).
+    #
+    # Because setuptools and pip are bundled with _ensurepip and virtualenv,
+    # we need to use universal wheels. As a workaround, we
+    # override the versioned entry points in the wheel and generate the
+    # correct ones.
+    #
+    # To add the level of hack in this section of code, in order to support
+    # ensurepip this code will look for an ``ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS`` environment
+    # variable which will control which version scripts get installed.
+    #
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=altinstall
+    #   - Only pipX.Y and easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=install
+    #   - pipX.Y, pipX, easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed. Note
+    #     that this option is technically if ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS is set and is
+    #     not altinstall
+    # DEFAULT
+    #   - The default behavior is to install pip, pipX, pipX.Y, easy_install
+    #     and easy_install-X.Y.
+    pip_script = console.pop("pip", None)
+    if pip_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("pip = " + pip_script)
+
+        if os.environ.get("ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS", "") != "altinstall":
+            scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{sys.version_info[0]} = {pip_script}")
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{get_major_minor_version()} = {pip_script}")
+        # Delete any other versioned pip entry points
+        pip_ep = [k for k in console if re.match(r"pip(\d+(\.\d+)?)?$", k)]
+        for k in pip_ep:
+            del console[k]
+    easy_install_script = console.pop("easy_install", None)
+    if easy_install_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("easy_install = " + easy_install_script)
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(
+            f"easy_install-{get_major_minor_version()} = {easy_install_script}"
+        )
+        # Delete any other versioned easy_install entry points
+        easy_install_ep = [
+            k for k in console if re.match(r"easy_install(-\d+\.\d+)?$", k)
+        ]
+        for k in easy_install_ep:
+            del console[k]
+
+    # Generate the console entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate.extend(starmap("{} = {}".format, console.items()))
+
+    return scripts_to_generate
+
+
+class ZipBackedFile:
+    def __init__(
+        self, src_record_path: RecordPath, dest_path: str, zip_file: ZipFile
+    ) -> None:
+        self.src_record_path = src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = dest_path
+        self._zip_file = zip_file
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def _getinfo(self) -> ZipInfo:
+        return self._zip_file.getinfo(self.src_record_path)
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        # When we open the output file below, any existing file is truncated
+        # before we start writing the new contents. This is fine in most
+        # cases, but can cause a segfault if pip has loaded a shared
+        # object (e.g. from pyopenssl through its vendored urllib3)
+        # Since the shared object is mmap'd an attempt to call a
+        # symbol in it will then cause a segfault. Unlinking the file
+        # allows writing of new contents while allowing the process to
+        # continue to use the old copy.
+        if os.path.exists(self.dest_path):
+            os.unlink(self.dest_path)
+
+        zipinfo = self._getinfo()
+
+        # optimization: the file is created by open(),
+        # skip the decompression when there is 0 bytes to decompress.
+        with open(self.dest_path, "wb") as dest:
+            if zipinfo.file_size > 0:
+                with self._zip_file.open(zipinfo) as f:
+                    blocksize = min(zipinfo.file_size, 1024 * 1024)
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(f, dest, blocksize)
+
+        if zip_item_is_executable(zipinfo):
+            set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class ScriptFile:
+    def __init__(self, file: "File") -> None:
+        self._file = file
+        self.src_record_path = self._file.src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = self._file.dest_path
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        self._file.save()
+        self.changed = fix_script(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class MissingCallableSuffix(InstallationError):
+    def __init__(self, entry_point: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Invalid script entry point: {entry_point} - A callable "
+            "suffix is required. Cf https://packaging.python.org/"
+            "specifications/entry-points/#use-for-scripts for more "
+            "information."
+        )
+
+
+def _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification: str) -> None:
+    entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+    if entry is not None and entry.suffix is None:
+        raise MissingCallableSuffix(str(entry))
+
+
+class PipScriptMaker(ScriptMaker):
+    def make(
+        self, specification: str, options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification)
+        return super().make(specification, options)
+
+
+def _install_wheel(  # noqa: C901, PLR0915 function is too long
+    name: str,
+    wheel_zip: ZipFile,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a wheel.
+
+    :param name: Name of the project to install
+    :param wheel_zip: open ZipFile for wheel being installed
+    :param scheme: Distutils scheme dictating the install directories
+    :param req_description: String used in place of the requirement, for
+        logging
+    :param pycompile: Whether to byte-compile installed Python files
+    :param warn_script_location: Whether to check that scripts are installed
+        into a directory on PATH
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel:
+        * when the directory holds an unpacked wheel with incompatible
+          Wheel-Version
+        * when the .dist-info dir does not match the wheel
+    """
+    info_dir, metadata = parse_wheel(wheel_zip, name)
+
+    if wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata):
+        lib_dir = scheme.purelib
+    else:
+        lib_dir = scheme.platlib
+
+    # Record details of the files moved
+    #   installed = files copied from the wheel to the destination
+    #   changed = files changed while installing (scripts #! line typically)
+    #   generated = files newly generated during the install (script wrappers)
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath] = {}
+    changed: Set[RecordPath] = set()
+    generated: List[str] = []
+
+    def record_installed(
+        srcfile: RecordPath, destfile: str, modified: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Map archive RECORD paths to installation RECORD paths."""
+        newpath = _fs_to_record_path(destfile, lib_dir)
+        installed[srcfile] = newpath
+        if modified:
+            changed.add(newpath)
+
+    def is_dir_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.endswith("/")
+
+    def assert_no_path_traversal(dest_dir_path: str, target_path: str) -> None:
+        if not is_within_directory(dest_dir_path, target_path):
+            message = (
+                "The wheel {!r} has a file {!r} trying to install"
+                " outside the target directory {!r}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(
+                message.format(wheel_path, target_path, dest_dir_path)
+            )
+
+    def root_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, dest: str
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        def make_root_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(dest, normed_path)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(dest, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_root_scheme_file
+
+    def data_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, scheme: Scheme
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        scheme_paths = {key: getattr(scheme, key) for key in SCHEME_KEYS}
+
+        def make_data_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            try:
+                _, scheme_key, dest_subpath = normed_path.split(os.path.sep, 2)
+            except ValueError:
+                message = (
+                    f"Unexpected file in {wheel_path}: {record_path!r}. .data directory"
+                    " contents should be named like: '<scheme key>/<path>'."
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            try:
+                scheme_path = scheme_paths[scheme_key]
+            except KeyError:
+                valid_scheme_keys = ", ".join(sorted(scheme_paths))
+                message = (
+                    f"Unknown scheme key used in {wheel_path}: {scheme_key} "
+                    f"(for file {record_path!r}). .data directory contents "
+                    f"should be in subdirectories named with a valid scheme "
+                    f"key ({valid_scheme_keys})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            dest_path = os.path.join(scheme_path, dest_subpath)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(scheme_path, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_data_scheme_file
+
+    def is_data_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.split("/", 1)[0].endswith(".data")
+
+    paths = cast(List[RecordPath], wheel_zip.namelist())
+    file_paths = filterfalse(is_dir_path, paths)
+    root_scheme_paths, data_scheme_paths = partition(is_data_scheme_path, file_paths)
+
+    make_root_scheme_file = root_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, lib_dir)
+    files: Iterator[File] = map(make_root_scheme_file, root_scheme_paths)
+
+    def is_script_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        parts = path.split("/", 2)
+        return len(parts) > 2 and parts[0].endswith(".data") and parts[1] == "scripts"
+
+    other_scheme_paths, script_scheme_paths = partition(
+        is_script_scheme_path, data_scheme_paths
+    )
+
+    make_data_scheme_file = data_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, scheme)
+    other_scheme_files = map(make_data_scheme_file, other_scheme_paths)
+    files = chain(files, other_scheme_files)
+
+    # Get the defined entry points
+    distribution = get_wheel_distribution(
+        FilesystemWheel(wheel_path),
+        canonicalize_name(name),
+    )
+    console, gui = get_entrypoints(distribution)
+
+    def is_entrypoint_wrapper(file: "File") -> bool:
+        # EP, EP.exe and EP-script.py are scripts generated for
+        # entry point EP by setuptools
+        path = file.dest_path
+        name = os.path.basename(path)
+        if name.lower().endswith(".exe"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        elif name.lower().endswith("-script.py"):
+            matchname = name[:-10]
+        elif name.lower().endswith(".pya"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        else:
+            matchname = name
+        # Ignore setuptools-generated scripts
+        return matchname in console or matchname in gui
+
+    script_scheme_files: Iterator[File] = map(
+        make_data_scheme_file, script_scheme_paths
+    )
+    script_scheme_files = filterfalse(is_entrypoint_wrapper, script_scheme_files)
+    script_scheme_files = map(ScriptFile, script_scheme_files)
+    files = chain(files, script_scheme_files)
+
+    existing_parents = set()
+    for file in files:
+        # directory creation is lazy and after file filtering
+        # to ensure we don't install empty dirs; empty dirs can't be
+        # uninstalled.
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(file.dest_path)
+        if parent_dir not in existing_parents:
+            ensure_dir(parent_dir)
+            existing_parents.add(parent_dir)
+        file.save()
+        record_installed(file.src_record_path, file.dest_path, file.changed)
+
+    def pyc_source_file_paths() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        # We de-duplicate installation paths, since there can be overlap (e.g.
+        # file in .data maps to same location as file in wheel root).
+        # Sorting installation paths makes it easier to reproduce and debug
+        # issues related to permissions on existing files.
+        for installed_path in sorted(set(installed.values())):
+            full_installed_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, installed_path)
+            if not os.path.isfile(full_installed_path):
+                continue
+            if not full_installed_path.endswith(".py"):
+                continue
+            yield full_installed_path
+
+    def pyc_output_path(path: str) -> str:
+        """Return the path the pyc file would have been written to."""
+        return importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
+
+    # Compile all of the pyc files for the installed files
+    if pycompile:
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(
+            StreamWrapper.from_stream(sys.stdout)
+        ) as stdout:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
+                for path in pyc_source_file_paths():
+                    success = compileall.compile_file(path, force=True, quiet=True)
+                    if success:
+                        pyc_path = pyc_output_path(path)
+                        assert os.path.exists(pyc_path)
+                        pyc_record_path = cast(
+                            "RecordPath", pyc_path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+                        )
+                        record_installed(pyc_record_path, pyc_path)
+        logger.debug(stdout.getvalue())
+
+    maker = PipScriptMaker(None, scheme.scripts)
+
+    # Ensure old scripts are overwritten.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1800
+    maker.clobber = True
+
+    # Ensure we don't generate any variants for scripts because this is almost
+    # never what somebody wants.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/35/
+    maker.variants = {""}
+
+    # This is required because otherwise distlib creates scripts that are not
+    # executable.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/32/
+    maker.set_mode = True
+
+    # Generate the console and GUI entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate = get_console_script_specs(console)
+
+    gui_scripts_to_generate = list(starmap("{} = {}".format, gui.items()))
+
+    generated_console_scripts = maker.make_multiple(scripts_to_generate)
+    generated.extend(generated_console_scripts)
+
+    generated.extend(maker.make_multiple(gui_scripts_to_generate, {"gui": True}))
+
+    if warn_script_location:
+        msg = message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(generated_console_scripts)
+        if msg is not None:
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+    generated_file_mode = 0o666 & ~current_umask()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _generate_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(path, **kwargs) as f:
+            yield f
+        os.chmod(f.name, generated_file_mode)
+        replace(f.name, path)
+
+    dest_info_dir = os.path.join(lib_dir, info_dir)
+
+    # Record pip as the installer
+    installer_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "INSTALLER")
+    with _generate_file(installer_path) as installer_file:
+        installer_file.write(b"pip\n")
+    generated.append(installer_path)
+
+    # Record the PEP 610 direct URL reference
+    if direct_url is not None:
+        direct_url_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        with _generate_file(direct_url_path) as direct_url_file:
+            direct_url_file.write(direct_url.to_json().encode("utf-8"))
+        generated.append(direct_url_path)
+
+    # Record the REQUESTED file
+    if requested:
+        requested_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "REQUESTED")
+        with open(requested_path, "wb"):
+            pass
+        generated.append(requested_path)
+
+    record_text = distribution.read_text("RECORD")
+    record_rows = list(csv.reader(record_text.splitlines()))
+
+    rows = get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+        record_rows,
+        installed=installed,
+        changed=changed,
+        generated=generated,
+        lib_dir=lib_dir,
+    )
+
+    # Record details of all files installed
+    record_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "RECORD")
+
+    with _generate_file(record_path, **csv_io_kwargs("w")) as record_file:
+        # Explicitly cast to typing.IO[str] as a workaround for the mypy error:
+        # "writer" has incompatible type "BinaryIO"; expected "_Writer"
+        writer = csv.writer(cast("IO[str]", record_file))
+        writer.writerows(_normalized_outrows(rows))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def req_error_context(req_description: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except InstallationError as e:
+        message = f"For req: {req_description}. {e.args[0]}"
+        raise InstallationError(message) from e
+
+
+def install_wheel(
+    name: str,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    req_description: str,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    with ZipFile(wheel_path, allowZip64=True) as z:
+        with req_error_context(req_description):
+            _install_wheel(
+                name=name,
+                wheel_zip=z,
+                wheel_path=wheel_path,
+                scheme=scheme,
+                pycompile=pycompile,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                direct_url=direct_url,
+                requested=requested,
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6aa344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+"""Prepares a distribution for installation
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import shutil
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.distributions.installed import InstalledDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported,
+    HashMismatch,
+    HashUnpinned,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    VcsHashUnsupported,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_metadata_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.network.download import BatchDownloader, Downloader
+from pip._internal.network.lazy_wheel import (
+    HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported,
+    dist_from_wheel_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import (
+    direct_url_for_editable,
+    direct_url_from_link,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes, MissingHashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    display_path,
+    hash_file,
+    hide_url,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_prepared_distribution(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+    finder: PackageFinder,
+    build_isolation: bool,
+    check_build_deps: bool,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Prepare a distribution for installation."""
+    abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(req)
+    tracker_id = abstract_dist.build_tracker_id
+    if tracker_id is not None:
+        with build_tracker.track(req, tracker_id):
+            abstract_dist.prepare_distribution_metadata(
+                finder, build_isolation, check_build_deps
+            )
+    return abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+
+
+def unpack_vcs_link(link: Link, location: str, verbosity: int) -> None:
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+    assert vcs_backend is not None
+    vcs_backend.unpack(location, url=hide_url(link.url), verbosity=verbosity)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class File:
+    path: str
+    content_type: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.content_type is None:
+            self.content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(self.path)[0]
+
+
+def get_http_url(
+    link: Link,
+    download: Downloader,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> File:
+    temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True)
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already downloaded there?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+        content_type = None
+    else:
+        # let's download to a tmp dir
+        from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
+        if hashes:
+            hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+
+    return File(from_path, content_type)
+
+
+def get_file_url(
+    link: Link, download_dir: Optional[str] = None, hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None
+) -> File:
+    """Get file and optionally check its hash."""
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already there and valid?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+    else:
+        from_path = link.file_path
+
+    # If --require-hashes is off, `hashes` is either empty, the
+    # link's embedded hash, or MissingHashes; it is required to
+    # match. If --require-hashes is on, we are satisfied by any
+    # hash in `hashes` matching: a URL-based or an option-based
+    # one; no internet-sourced hash will be in `hashes`.
+    if hashes:
+        hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+    return File(from_path, None)
+
+
+def unpack_url(
+    link: Link,
+    location: str,
+    download: Downloader,
+    verbosity: int,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> Optional[File]:
+    """Unpack link into location, downloading if required.
+
+    :param hashes: A Hashes object, one of whose embedded hashes must match,
+        or HashMismatch will be raised. If the Hashes is empty, no matches are
+        required, and unhashable types of requirements (like VCS ones, which
+        would ordinarily raise HashUnsupported) are allowed.
+    """
+    # non-editable vcs urls
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        unpack_vcs_link(link, location, verbosity=verbosity)
+        return None
+
+    assert not link.is_existing_dir()
+
+    # file urls
+    if link.is_file:
+        file = get_file_url(link, download_dir, hashes=hashes)
+
+    # http urls
+    else:
+        file = get_http_url(
+            link,
+            download,
+            download_dir,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    # unpack the archive to the build dir location. even when only downloading
+    # archives, they have to be unpacked to parse dependencies, except wheels
+    if not link.is_wheel:
+        unpack_file(file.path, location, file.content_type)
+
+    return file
+
+
+def _check_download_dir(
+    link: Link,
+    download_dir: str,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    warn_on_hash_mismatch: bool = True,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Check download_dir for previously downloaded file with correct hash
+    If a correct file is found return its path else None
+    """
+    download_path = os.path.join(download_dir, link.filename)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(download_path):
+        return None
+
+    # If already downloaded, does its hash match?
+    logger.info("File was already downloaded %s", download_path)
+    if hashes:
+        try:
+            hashes.check_against_path(download_path)
+        except HashMismatch:
+            if warn_on_hash_mismatch:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Previously-downloaded file %s has bad hash. Re-downloading.",
+                    download_path,
+                )
+            os.unlink(download_path)
+            return None
+    return download_path
+
+
+class RequirementPreparer:
+    """Prepares a Requirement"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        build_dir: str,
+        download_dir: Optional[str],
+        src_dir: str,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        require_hashes: bool,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        lazy_wheel: bool,
+        verbosity: int,
+        legacy_resolver: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.src_dir = src_dir
+        self.build_dir = build_dir
+        self.build_tracker = build_tracker
+        self._session = session
+        self._download = Downloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self._batch_download = BatchDownloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self.finder = finder
+
+        # Where still-packed archives should be written to. If None, they are
+        # not saved, and are deleted immediately after unpacking.
+        self.download_dir = download_dir
+
+        # Is build isolation allowed?
+        self.build_isolation = build_isolation
+
+        # Should check build dependencies?
+        self.check_build_deps = check_build_deps
+
+        # Should hash-checking be required?
+        self.require_hashes = require_hashes
+
+        # Should install in user site-packages?
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+
+        # Should wheels be downloaded lazily?
+        self.use_lazy_wheel = lazy_wheel
+
+        # How verbose should underlying tooling be?
+        self.verbosity = verbosity
+
+        # Are we using the legacy resolver?
+        self.legacy_resolver = legacy_resolver
+
+        # Memoized downloaded files, as mapping of url: path.
+        self._downloaded: Dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # Previous "header" printed for a link-based InstallRequirement
+        self._previous_requirement_header = ("", "")
+
+    def _log_preparing_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Provide context for the requirement being prepared."""
+        if req.link.is_file and not req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            message = "Processing %s"
+            information = str(display_path(req.link.file_path))
+        else:
+            message = "Collecting %s"
+            information = redact_auth_from_requirement(req.req) if req.req else str(req)
+
+        # If we used req.req, inject requirement source if available (this
+        # would already be included if we used req directly)
+        if req.req and req.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(req.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = req.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = req.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                information += f" (from {comes_from})"
+
+        if (message, information) != self._previous_requirement_header:
+            self._previous_requirement_header = (message, information)
+            logger.info(message, information)
+
+        if req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            with indent_log():
+                logger.info("Using cached %s", req.link.filename)
+
+    def _ensure_link_req_src_dir(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure source_dir of a linked InstallRequirement."""
+        # Since source_dir is only set for editable requirements.
+        if req.link.is_wheel:
+            # We don't need to unpack wheels, so no need for a source
+            # directory.
+            return
+        assert req.source_dir is None
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            # build local directories in-tree
+            req.source_dir = req.link.file_path
+            return
+
+        # We always delete unpacked sdists after pip runs.
+        req.ensure_has_source_dir(
+            self.build_dir,
+            autodelete=True,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+        req.ensure_pristine_source_checkout()
+
+    def _get_linked_req_hashes(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Hashes:
+        # By the time this is called, the requirement's link should have
+        # been checked so we can tell what kind of requirements req is
+        # and raise some more informative errors than otherwise.
+        # (For example, we can raise VcsHashUnsupported for a VCS URL
+        # rather than HashMissing.)
+        if not self.require_hashes:
+            return req.hashes(trust_internet=True)
+
+        # We could check these first 2 conditions inside unpack_url
+        # and save repetition of conditions, but then we would
+        # report less-useful error messages for unhashable
+        # requirements, complaining that there's no hash provided.
+        if req.link.is_vcs:
+            raise VcsHashUnsupported()
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            raise DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported()
+
+        # Unpinned packages are asking for trouble when a new version
+        # is uploaded.  This isn't a security check, but it saves users
+        # a surprising hash mismatch in the future.
+        # file:/// URLs aren't pinnable, so don't complain about them
+        # not being pinned.
+        if not req.is_direct and not req.is_pinned:
+            raise HashUnpinned()
+
+        # If known-good hashes are missing for this requirement,
+        # shim it with a facade object that will provoke hash
+        # computation and then raise a HashMissing exception
+        # showing the user what the hash should be.
+        return req.hashes(trust_internet=False) or MissingHashes()
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_only(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        if self.legacy_resolver:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used in the legacy resolver",
+            )
+            return None
+        if self.require_hashes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used as hash checking is required",
+            )
+            return None
+        # Try PEP 658 metadata first, then fall back to lazy wheel if unavailable.
+        return self._fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+            req
+        ) or self._fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(req.link)
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata from the data-dist-info-metadata attribute, if possible."""
+        # (1) Get the link to the metadata file, if provided by the backend.
+        metadata_link = req.link.metadata_link()
+        if metadata_link is None:
+            return None
+        assert req.req is not None
+        logger.verbose(
+            "Obtaining dependency information for %s from %s",
+            req.req,
+            metadata_link,
+        )
+        # (2) Download the contents of the METADATA file, separate from the dist itself.
+        metadata_file = get_http_url(
+            metadata_link,
+            self._download,
+            hashes=metadata_link.as_hashes(),
+        )
+        with open(metadata_file.path, "rb") as f:
+            metadata_contents = f.read()
+        # (3) Generate a dist just from those file contents.
+        metadata_dist = get_metadata_distribution(
+            metadata_contents,
+            req.link.filename,
+            req.req.name,
+        )
+        # (4) Ensure the Name: field from the METADATA file matches the name from the
+        #     install requirement.
+        #
+        #     NB: raw_name will fall back to the name from the install requirement if
+        #     the Name: field is not present, but it's noted in the raw_name docstring
+        #     that that should NEVER happen anyway.
+        if canonicalize_name(metadata_dist.raw_name) != canonicalize_name(req.req.name):
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                req, "Name", req.req.name, metadata_dist.raw_name
+            )
+        return metadata_dist
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata using lazy wheel, if possible."""
+        # --use-feature=fast-deps must be provided.
+        if not self.use_lazy_wheel:
+            return None
+        if link.is_file or not link.is_wheel:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Lazy wheel is not used as %r does not point to a remote wheel",
+                link,
+            )
+            return None
+
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+        logger.info(
+            "Obtaining dependency information from %s %s",
+            name,
+            wheel.version,
+        )
+        url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            return dist_from_wheel_url(name, url, self._session)
+        except HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported:
+            logger.debug("%s does not support range requests", url)
+            return None
+
+    def _complete_partial_requirements(
+        self,
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Download any requirements which were only fetched by metadata."""
+        # Download to a temporary directory. These will be copied over as
+        # needed for downstream 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True).path
+
+        # Map each link to the requirement that owns it. This allows us to set
+        # `req.local_file_path` on the appropriate requirement after passing
+        # all the links at once into BatchDownloader.
+        links_to_fully_download: Dict[Link, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            assert req.link
+            links_to_fully_download[req.link] = req
+
+        batch_download = self._batch_download(
+            links_to_fully_download.keys(),
+            temp_dir,
+        )
+        for link, (filepath, _) in batch_download:
+            logger.debug("Downloading link %s to %s", link, filepath)
+            req = links_to_fully_download[link]
+            # Record the downloaded file path so wheel reqs can extract a Distribution
+            # in .get_dist().
+            req.local_file_path = filepath
+            # Record that the file is downloaded so we don't do it again in
+            # _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            self._downloaded[req.link.url] = filepath
+
+            # If this is an sdist, we need to unpack it after downloading, but the
+            # .source_dir won't be set up until we are in _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            # Add the downloaded archive to the install requirement to unpack after
+            # preparing the source dir.
+            if not req.is_wheel:
+                req.needs_unpacked_archive(Path(filepath))
+
+        # This step is necessary to ensure all lazy wheels are processed
+        # successfully by the 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare a requirement to be obtained from req.link."""
+        assert req.link
+        self._log_preparing_link(req)
+        with indent_log():
+            # Check if the relevant file is already available
+            # in the download directory
+            file_path = None
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(
+                    req.link,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                    # When a locally built wheel has been found in cache, we don't warn
+                    # about re-downloading when the already downloaded wheel hash does
+                    # not match. This is because the hash must be checked against the
+                    # original link, not the cached link. It that case the already
+                    # downloaded file will be removed and re-fetched from cache (which
+                    # implies a hash check against the cache entry's origin.json).
+                    warn_on_hash_mismatch=not req.is_wheel_from_cache,
+                )
+
+            if file_path is not None:
+                # The file is already available, so mark it as downloaded
+                self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+            else:
+                # The file is not available, attempt to fetch only metadata
+                metadata_dist = self._fetch_metadata_only(req)
+                if metadata_dist is not None:
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = True
+                    return metadata_dist
+
+            # None of the optimizations worked, fully prepare the requirement
+            return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirements_more(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement], parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prepare linked requirements more, if needed."""
+        reqs = [req for req in reqs if req.needs_more_preparation]
+        for req in reqs:
+            # Determine if any of these requirements were already downloaded.
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(req.link, self.download_dir, hashes)
+                if file_path is not None:
+                    self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # Prepare requirements we found were already downloaded for some
+        # reason. The other downloads will be completed separately.
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in reqs:
+            if req.needs_more_preparation:
+                partially_downloaded_reqs.append(req)
+            else:
+                self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        # TODO: separate this part out from RequirementPreparer when the v1
+        # resolver can be removed!
+        self._complete_partial_requirements(
+            partially_downloaded_reqs,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert req.link
+        link = req.link
+
+        hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+
+        if hashes and req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            assert req.download_info is not None
+            assert link.is_wheel
+            assert link.is_file
+            # We need to verify hashes, and we have found the requirement in the cache
+            # of locally built wheels.
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and hashes.has_one_of(req.download_info.info.hashes)
+            ):
+                # At this point we know the requirement was built from a hashable source
+                # artifact, and we verified that the cache entry's hash of the original
+                # artifact matches one of the hashes we expect. We don't verify hashes
+                # against the cached wheel, because the wheel is not the original.
+                hashes = None
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The hashes of the source archive found in cache entry "
+                    "don't match, ignoring cached built wheel "
+                    "and re-downloading source."
+                )
+                req.link = req.cached_wheel_source_link
+                link = req.link
+
+        self._ensure_link_req_src_dir(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            local_file = None
+        elif link.url not in self._downloaded:
+            try:
+                local_file = unpack_url(
+                    link,
+                    req.source_dir,
+                    self._download,
+                    self.verbosity,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                )
+            except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"Could not install requirement {req} because of HTTP "
+                    f"error {exc} for URL {link}"
+                )
+        else:
+            file_path = self._downloaded[link.url]
+            if hashes:
+                hashes.check_against_path(file_path)
+            local_file = File(file_path, content_type=None)
+
+        # If download_info is set, we got it from the wheel cache.
+        if req.download_info is None:
+            # Editables don't go through this function (see
+            # prepare_editable_requirement).
+            assert not req.editable
+            req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(link, req.source_dir)
+            # Make sure we have a hash in download_info. If we got it as part of the
+            # URL, it will have been verified and we can rely on it. Otherwise we
+            # compute it from the downloaded file.
+            # FIXME: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11943
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and not req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and local_file
+            ):
+                hash = hash_file(local_file.path)[0].hexdigest()
+                # We populate info.hash for backward compatibility.
+                # This will automatically populate info.hashes.
+                req.download_info.info.hash = f"sha256={hash}"
+
+        # For use in later processing,
+        # preserve the file path on the requirement.
+        if local_file:
+            req.local_file_path = local_file.path
+
+        dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+            req,
+            self.build_tracker,
+            self.finder,
+            self.build_isolation,
+            self.check_build_deps,
+        )
+        return dist
+
+    def save_linked_requirement(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert self.download_dir is not None
+        assert req.link is not None
+        link = req.link
+        if link.is_vcs or (link.is_existing_dir() and req.editable):
+            # Make a .zip of the source_dir we already created.
+            req.archive(self.download_dir)
+            return
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not copying link to destination directory "
+                "since it is a directory: %s",
+                link,
+            )
+            return
+        if req.local_file_path is None:
+            # No distribution was downloaded for this requirement.
+            return
+
+        download_location = os.path.join(self.download_dir, link.filename)
+        if not os.path.exists(download_location):
+            shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, download_location)
+            download_path = display_path(download_location)
+            logger.info("Saved %s", download_path)
+
+    def prepare_editable_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an editable requirement."""
+        assert req.editable, "cannot prepare a non-editable req as editable"
+
+        logger.info("Obtaining %s", req)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The editable requirement {req} cannot be installed when "
+                    "requiring hashes, because there is no single file to "
+                    "hash."
+                )
+            req.ensure_has_source_dir(self.src_dir)
+            req.update_editable()
+            assert req.source_dir
+            req.download_info = direct_url_for_editable(req.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+            dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+                req,
+                self.build_tracker,
+                self.finder,
+                self.build_isolation,
+                self.check_build_deps,
+            )
+
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        return dist
+
+    def prepare_installed_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+        skip_reason: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an already-installed requirement."""
+        assert req.satisfied_by, "req should have been satisfied but isn't"
+        assert skip_reason is not None, (
+            "did not get skip reason skipped but req.satisfied_by "
+            f"is set to {req.satisfied_by}"
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Requirement %s: %s (%s)", skip_reason, req, req.satisfied_by.version
+        )
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Since it is already installed, we are trusting this "
+                    "package without checking its hash. To ensure a "
+                    "completely repeatable environment, install into an "
+                    "empty virtualenv."
+                )
+            return InstalledDistribution(req).get_metadata_distribution()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a9cad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    from pip._vendor import tomli as tomllib
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires,
+    MissingPyProjectBuildRequires,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+
+
+def _is_list_of_str(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(obj, list) and all(isinstance(item, str) for item in obj)
+
+
+def make_pyproject_path(unpacked_source_directory: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(unpacked_source_directory, "pyproject.toml")
+
+
+BuildSystemDetails = namedtuple(
+    "BuildSystemDetails", ["requires", "backend", "check", "backend_path"]
+)
+
+
+def load_pyproject_toml(
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool], pyproject_toml: str, setup_py: str, req_name: str
+) -> Optional[BuildSystemDetails]:
+    """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+    Parameters:
+        use_pep517 - Has the user requested PEP 517 processing? None
+                     means the user hasn't explicitly specified.
+        pyproject_toml - Location of the project's pyproject.toml file
+        setup_py - Location of the project's setup.py file
+        req_name - The name of the requirement we're processing (for
+                   error reporting)
+
+    Returns:
+        None if we should use the legacy code path, otherwise a tuple
+        (
+            requirements from pyproject.toml,
+            name of PEP 517 backend,
+            requirements we should check are installed after setting
+                up the build environment
+            directory paths to import the backend from (backend-path),
+                relative to the project root.
+        )
+    """
+    has_pyproject = os.path.isfile(pyproject_toml)
+    has_setup = os.path.isfile(setup_py)
+
+    if not has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{req_name} does not appear to be a Python project: "
+            f"neither 'setup.py' nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+
+    if has_pyproject:
+        with open(pyproject_toml, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            pp_toml = tomllib.loads(f.read())
+        build_system = pp_toml.get("build-system")
+    else:
+        build_system = None
+
+    # The following cases must use PEP 517
+    # We check for use_pep517 being non-None and falsey because that means
+    # the user explicitly requested --no-use-pep517.  The value 0 as
+    # opposed to False can occur when the value is provided via an
+    # environment variable or config file option (due to the quirk of
+    # strtobool() returning an integer in pip's configuration code).
+    if has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project does not have a setup.py"
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+    elif build_system and "build-backend" in build_system:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project specifies a build backend of {} "
+                "in pyproject.toml".format(build_system["build-backend"])
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+
+    # If we haven't worked out whether to use PEP 517 yet,
+    # and the user hasn't explicitly stated a preference,
+    # we do so if the project has a pyproject.toml file
+    # or if we cannot import setuptools or wheels.
+
+    # We fallback to PEP 517 when without setuptools or without the wheel package,
+    # so setuptools can be installed as a default build backend.
+    # For more info see:
+    # https://discuss.python.org/t/pip-without-setuptools-could-the-experience-be-improved/11810/9
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
+    elif use_pep517 is None:
+        use_pep517 = (
+            has_pyproject
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("setuptools")
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("wheel")
+        )
+
+    # At this point, we know whether we're going to use PEP 517.
+    assert use_pep517 is not None
+
+    # If we're using the legacy code path, there is nothing further
+    # for us to do here.
+    if not use_pep517:
+        return None
+
+    if build_system is None:
+        # Either the user has a pyproject.toml with no build-system
+        # section, or the user has no pyproject.toml, but has opted in
+        # explicitly via --use-pep517.
+        # In the absence of any explicit backend specification, we
+        # assume the setuptools backend that most closely emulates the
+        # traditional direct setup.py execution, and require wheel and
+        # a version of setuptools that supports that backend.
+
+        build_system = {
+            "requires": ["setuptools>=40.8.0"],
+            "build-backend": "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__",
+        }
+
+    # If we're using PEP 517, we have build system information (either
+    # from pyproject.toml, or defaulted by the code above).
+    # Note that at this point, we do not know if the user has actually
+    # specified a backend, though.
+    assert build_system is not None
+
+    # Ensure that the build-system section in pyproject.toml conforms
+    # to PEP 518.
+
+    # Specifying the build-system table but not the requires key is invalid
+    if "requires" not in build_system:
+        raise MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(package=req_name)
+
+    # Error out if requires is not a list of strings
+    requires = build_system["requires"]
+    if not _is_list_of_str(requires):
+        raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+            package=req_name,
+            reason="It is not a list of strings.",
+        )
+
+    # Each requirement must be valid as per PEP 508
+    for requirement in requires:
+        try:
+            get_requirement(requirement)
+        except InvalidRequirement as error:
+            raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+                package=req_name,
+                reason=f"It contains an invalid requirement: {requirement!r}",
+            ) from error
+
+    backend = build_system.get("build-backend")
+    backend_path = build_system.get("backend-path", [])
+    check: List[str] = []
+    if backend is None:
+        # If the user didn't specify a backend, we assume they want to use
+        # the setuptools backend. But we can't be sure they have included
+        # a version of setuptools which supplies the backend. So we
+        # make a note to check that this requirement is present once
+        # we have set up the environment.
+        # This is quite a lot of work to check for a very specific case. But
+        # the problem is, that case is potentially quite common - projects that
+        # adopted PEP 518 early for the ability to specify requirements to
+        # execute setup.py, but never considered needing to mention the build
+        # tools themselves. The original PEP 518 code had a similar check (but
+        # implemented in a different way).
+        backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__"
+        check = ["setuptools>=40.8.0"]
+
+    return BuildSystemDetails(requires, backend, check, backend_path)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..422d851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+
+from .req_file import parse_requirements
+from .req_install import InstallRequirement
+from .req_set import RequirementSet
+
+__all__ = [
+    "RequirementSet",
+    "InstallRequirement",
+    "parse_requirements",
+    "install_given_reqs",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class InstallationResult:
+    name: str
+
+
+def _validate_requirements(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> Generator[Tuple[str, InstallRequirement], None, None]:
+    for req in requirements:
+        assert req.name, f"invalid to-be-installed requirement: {req}"
+        yield req.name, req
+
+
+def install_given_reqs(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    root: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    warn_script_location: bool,
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    pycompile: bool,
+) -> List[InstallationResult]:
+    """
+    Install everything in the given list.
+
+    (to be called after having downloaded and unpacked the packages)
+    """
+    to_install = collections.OrderedDict(_validate_requirements(requirements))
+
+    if to_install:
+        logger.info(
+            "Installing collected packages: %s",
+            ", ".join(to_install.keys()),
+        )
+
+    installed = []
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for req_name, requirement in to_install.items():
+            if requirement.should_reinstall:
+                logger.info("Attempting uninstall: %s", req_name)
+                with indent_log():
+                    uninstalled_pathset = requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
+            else:
+                uninstalled_pathset = None
+
+            try:
+                requirement.install(
+                    global_options,
+                    root=root,
+                    home=home,
+                    prefix=prefix,
+                    warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                    use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                    pycompile=pycompile,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                # if install did not succeed, rollback previous uninstall
+                if uninstalled_pathset and not requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.rollback()
+                raise
+            else:
+                if uninstalled_pathset and requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.commit()
+
+            installed.append(InstallationResult(req_name))
+
+    return installed
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73236e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+"""Backing implementation for InstallRequirement's various constructors
+
+The idea here is that these formed a major chunk of InstallRequirement's size
+so, moving them and support code dedicated to them outside of that class
+helps creates for better understandability for the rest of the code.
+
+These are meant to be used elsewhere within pip to create instances of
+InstallRequirement.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import Specifier
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI, TestPyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import ParsedRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_installable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url, vcs
+
+__all__ = [
+    "install_req_from_editable",
+    "install_req_from_line",
+    "parse_editable",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+operators = Specifier._operators.keys()
+
+
+def _strip_extras(path: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+    m = re.match(r"^(.+)(\[[^\]]+\])$", path)
+    extras = None
+    if m:
+        path_no_extras = m.group(1)
+        extras = m.group(2)
+    else:
+        path_no_extras = path
+
+    return path_no_extras, extras
+
+
+def convert_extras(extras: Optional[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    if not extras:
+        return set()
+    return get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras
+
+
+def _set_requirement_extras(req: Requirement, new_extras: Set[str]) -> Requirement:
+    """
+    Returns a new requirement based on the given one, with the supplied extras. If the
+    given requirement already has extras those are replaced (or dropped if no new extras
+    are given).
+    """
+    match: Optional[re.Match[str]] = re.fullmatch(
+        # see https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#complete-grammar
+        r"([\w\t .-]+)(\[[^\]]*\])?(.*)",
+        str(req),
+        flags=re.ASCII,
+    )
+    # ireq.req is a valid requirement so the regex should always match
+    assert (
+        match is not None
+    ), f"regex match on requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    pre: Optional[str] = match.group(1)
+    post: Optional[str] = match.group(3)
+    assert (
+        pre is not None and post is not None
+    ), f"regex group selection for requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    extras: str = "[%s]" % ",".join(sorted(new_extras)) if new_extras else ""
+    return get_requirement(f"{pre}{extras}{post}")
+
+
+def parse_editable(editable_req: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str, Set[str]]:
+    """Parses an editable requirement into:
+        - a requirement name
+        - an URL
+        - extras
+        - editable options
+    Accepted requirements:
+        svn+http://blahblah@rev#egg=Foobar[baz]&subdirectory=version_subdir
+        .[some_extra]
+    """
+
+    url = editable_req
+
+    # If a file path is specified with extras, strip off the extras.
+    url_no_extras, extras = _strip_extras(url)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(url_no_extras):
+        # Treating it as code that has already been checked out
+        url_no_extras = path_to_url(url_no_extras)
+
+    if url_no_extras.lower().startswith("file:"):
+        package_name = Link(url_no_extras).egg_fragment
+        if extras:
+            return (
+                package_name,
+                url_no_extras,
+                get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras,
+            )
+        else:
+            return package_name, url_no_extras, set()
+
+    for version_control in vcs:
+        if url.lower().startswith(f"{version_control}:"):
+            url = f"{version_control}+{url}"
+            break
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    if not link.is_vcs:
+        backends = ", ".join(vcs.all_schemes)
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{editable_req} is not a valid editable requirement. "
+            f"It should either be a path to a local project or a VCS URL "
+            f"(beginning with {backends})."
+        )
+
+    package_name = link.egg_fragment
+    if not package_name:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Could not detect requirement name for '{editable_req}', "
+            "please specify one with #egg=your_package_name"
+        )
+    return package_name, url, set()
+
+
+def check_first_requirement_in_file(filename: str) -> None:
+    """Check if file is parsable as a requirements file.
+
+    This is heavily based on ``pkg_resources.parse_requirements``, but
+    simplified to just check the first meaningful line.
+
+    :raises InvalidRequirement: If the first meaningful line cannot be parsed
+        as an requirement.
+    """
+    with open(filename, encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as f:
+        # Create a steppable iterator, so we can handle \-continuations.
+        lines = (
+            line
+            for line in (line.strip() for line in f)
+            if line and not line.startswith("#")  # Skip blank lines/comments.
+        )
+
+        for line in lines:
+            # Drop comments -- a hash without a space may be in a URL.
+            if " #" in line:
+                line = line[: line.find(" #")]
+            # If there is a line continuation, drop it, and append the next line.
+            if line.endswith("\\"):
+                line = line[:-2].strip() + next(lines, "")
+            get_requirement(line)
+            return
+
+
+def deduce_helpful_msg(req: str) -> str:
+    """Returns helpful msg in case requirements file does not exist,
+    or cannot be parsed.
+
+    :params req: Requirements file path
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(req):
+        return f" File '{req}' does not exist."
+    msg = " The path does exist. "
+    # Try to parse and check if it is a requirements file.
+    try:
+        check_first_requirement_in_file(req)
+    except InvalidRequirement:
+        logger.debug("Cannot parse '%s' as requirements file", req)
+    else:
+        msg += (
+            f"The argument you provided "
+            f"({req}) appears to be a"
+            f" requirements file. If that is the"
+            f" case, use the '-r' flag to install"
+            f" the packages specified within it."
+        )
+    return msg
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RequirementParts:
+    requirement: Optional[Requirement]
+    link: Optional[Link]
+    markers: Optional[Marker]
+    extras: Set[str]
+
+
+def parse_req_from_editable(editable_req: str) -> RequirementParts:
+    name, url, extras_override = parse_editable(editable_req)
+
+    if name is not None:
+        try:
+            req: Optional[Requirement] = get_requirement(name)
+        except InvalidRequirement as exc:
+            raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: {name!r}: {exc}")
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, None, extras_override)
+
+
+# ---- The actual constructors follow ----
+
+
+def install_req_from_editable(
+    editable_req: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[InstallRequirement, str]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    parts = parse_req_from_editable(editable_req)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from=comes_from,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+        editable=True,
+        permit_editable_wheels=permit_editable_wheels,
+        link=parts.link,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+    )
+
+
+def _looks_like_path(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether the string "looks like" a path on the filesystem.
+
+    This does not check whether the target actually exists, only judge from the
+    appearance.
+
+    Returns true if any of the following conditions is true:
+    * a path separator is found (either os.path.sep or os.path.altsep);
+    * a dot is found (which represents the current directory).
+    """
+    if os.path.sep in name:
+        return True
+    if os.path.altsep is not None and os.path.altsep in name:
+        return True
+    if name.startswith("."):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_url_from_path(path: str, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    First, it checks whether a provided path is an installable directory. If it
+    is, returns the path.
+
+    If false, check if the path is an archive file (such as a .whl).
+    The function checks if the path is a file. If false, if the path has
+    an @, it will treat it as a PEP 440 URL requirement and return the path.
+    """
+    if _looks_like_path(name) and os.path.isdir(path):
+        if is_installable_dir(path):
+            return path_to_url(path)
+        # TODO: The is_installable_dir test here might not be necessary
+        #       now that it is done in load_pyproject_toml too.
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Directory {name!r} is not installable. Neither 'setup.py' "
+            "nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+    if not is_archive_file(path):
+        return None
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        return path_to_url(path)
+    urlreq_parts = name.split("@", 1)
+    if len(urlreq_parts) >= 2 and not _looks_like_path(urlreq_parts[0]):
+        # If the path contains '@' and the part before it does not look
+        # like a path, try to treat it as a PEP 440 URL req instead.
+        return None
+    logger.warning(
+        "Requirement %r looks like a filename, but the file does not exist",
+        name,
+    )
+    return path_to_url(path)
+
+
+def parse_req_from_line(name: str, line_source: Optional[str]) -> RequirementParts:
+    if is_url(name):
+        marker_sep = "; "
+    else:
+        marker_sep = ";"
+    if marker_sep in name:
+        name, markers_as_string = name.split(marker_sep, 1)
+        markers_as_string = markers_as_string.strip()
+        if not markers_as_string:
+            markers = None
+        else:
+            markers = Marker(markers_as_string)
+    else:
+        markers = None
+    name = name.strip()
+    req_as_string = None
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(name))
+    link = None
+    extras_as_string = None
+
+    if is_url(name):
+        link = Link(name)
+    else:
+        p, extras_as_string = _strip_extras(path)
+        url = _get_url_from_path(p, name)
+        if url is not None:
+            link = Link(url)
+
+    # it's a local file, dir, or url
+    if link:
+        # Handle relative file URLs
+        if link.scheme == "file" and re.search(r"\.\./", link.url):
+            link = Link(path_to_url(os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.path))))
+        # wheel file
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)  # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            req_as_string = f"{wheel.name}=={wheel.version}"
+        else:
+            # set the req to the egg fragment.  when it's not there, this
+            # will become an 'unnamed' requirement
+            req_as_string = link.egg_fragment
+
+    # a requirement specifier
+    else:
+        req_as_string = name
+
+    extras = convert_extras(extras_as_string)
+
+    def with_source(text: str) -> str:
+        if not line_source:
+            return text
+        return f"{text} (from {line_source})"
+
+    def _parse_req_string(req_as_string: str) -> Requirement:
+        try:
+            return get_requirement(req_as_string)
+        except InvalidRequirement as exc:
+            if os.path.sep in req_as_string:
+                add_msg = "It looks like a path."
+                add_msg += deduce_helpful_msg(req_as_string)
+            elif "=" in req_as_string and not any(
+                op in req_as_string for op in operators
+            ):
+                add_msg = "= is not a valid operator. Did you mean == ?"
+            else:
+                add_msg = ""
+            msg = with_source(f"Invalid requirement: {req_as_string!r}: {exc}")
+            if add_msg:
+                msg += f"\nHint: {add_msg}"
+            raise InstallationError(msg)
+
+    if req_as_string is not None:
+        req: Optional[Requirement] = _parse_req_string(req_as_string)
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, markers, extras)
+
+
+def install_req_from_line(
+    name: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[str, InstallRequirement]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """Creates an InstallRequirement from a name, which might be a
+    requirement, directory containing 'setup.py', filename, or URL.
+
+    :param line_source: An optional string describing where the line is from,
+        for logging purposes in case of an error.
+    """
+    parts = parse_req_from_line(name, line_source)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from,
+        link=parts.link,
+        markers=parts.markers,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_req_string(
+    req_string: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    try:
+        req = get_requirement(req_string)
+    except InvalidRequirement as exc:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: {req_string!r}: {exc}")
+
+    domains_not_allowed = [
+        PyPI.file_storage_domain,
+        TestPyPI.file_storage_domain,
+    ]
+    if (
+        req.url
+        and comes_from
+        and comes_from.link
+        and comes_from.link.netloc in domains_not_allowed
+    ):
+        # Explicitly disallow pypi packages that depend on external urls
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "Packages installed from PyPI cannot depend on packages "
+            "which are not also hosted on PyPI.\n"
+            f"{comes_from.name} depends on {req} "
+        )
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req,
+        comes_from,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+    parsed_req: ParsedRequirement,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if parsed_req.is_editable:
+        req = install_req_from_editable(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        req = install_req_from_line(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            global_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("global_options", [])
+                if parsed_req.options
+                else []
+            ),
+            hash_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("hashes", {}) if parsed_req.options else {}
+            ),
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            line_source=parsed_req.line_source,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+    return req
+
+
+def install_req_from_link_and_ireq(
+    link: Link, ireq: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=ireq.req,
+        comes_from=ireq.comes_from,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_drop_extras(ireq: InstallRequirement) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Creates a new InstallationRequirement using the given template but without
+    any extras. Sets the original requirement as the new one's parent
+    (comes_from).
+    """
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=(
+            _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, set()) if ireq.req is not None else None
+        ),
+        comes_from=ireq,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=ireq.link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        constraint=ireq.constraint,
+        extras=[],
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+        permit_editable_wheels=ireq.permit_editable_wheels,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_extend_extras(
+    ireq: InstallRequirement,
+    extras: Collection[str],
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Returns a copy of an installation requirement with some additional extras.
+    Makes a shallow copy of the ireq object.
+    """
+    result = copy.copy(ireq)
+    result.extras = {*ireq.extras, *extras}
+    result.req = (
+        _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, result.extras)
+        if ireq.req is not None
+        else None
+    )
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53ad867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+"""
+Requirements file parsing
+"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import urllib.parse
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NoReturn,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, RequirementsFileParseError
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.utils.encoding import auto_decode
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+    from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+
+__all__ = ["parse_requirements"]
+
+ReqFileLines = Iterable[Tuple[int, str]]
+
+LineParser = Callable[[str], Tuple[str, Values]]
+
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(http|https|file):", re.I)
+COMMENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s+)#.*$")
+
+# Matches environment variable-style values in '${MY_VARIABLE_1}' with the
+# variable name consisting of only uppercase letters, digits or the '_'
+# (underscore). This follows the POSIX standard defined in IEEE Std 1003.1,
+# 2013 Edition.
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<var>\$\{(?P<name>[A-Z0-9_]+)\})")
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.index_url,
+    cmdoptions.extra_index_url,
+    cmdoptions.no_index,
+    cmdoptions.constraints,
+    cmdoptions.requirements,
+    cmdoptions.editable,
+    cmdoptions.find_links,
+    cmdoptions.no_binary,
+    cmdoptions.only_binary,
+    cmdoptions.prefer_binary,
+    cmdoptions.require_hashes,
+    cmdoptions.pre,
+    cmdoptions.trusted_host,
+    cmdoptions.use_new_feature,
+]
+
+# options to be passed to requirements
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.global_options,
+    cmdoptions.hash,
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+
+# the 'dest' string values
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST = [str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ]
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST = [
+    str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ParsedRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        requirement: str,
+        is_editable: bool,
+        comes_from: str,
+        constraint: bool,
+        options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.requirement = requirement
+        self.is_editable = is_editable
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.options = options
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.line_source = line_source
+
+
+class ParsedLine:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str,
+        lineno: int,
+        args: str,
+        opts: Values,
+        constraint: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.opts = opts
+        self.constraint = constraint
+
+        if args:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = False
+            self.requirement = args
+        elif opts.editables:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = True
+            # We don't support multiple -e on one line
+            self.requirement = opts.editables[0]
+        else:
+            self.is_requirement = False
+
+
+def parse_requirements(
+    filename: str,
+    session: "PipSession",
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+) -> Generator[ParsedRequirement, None, None]:
+    """Parse a requirements file and yield ParsedRequirement instances.
+
+    :param filename:    Path or url of requirements file.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    :param finder:      Instance of pip.index.PackageFinder.
+    :param options:     cli options.
+    :param constraint:  If true, parsing a constraint file rather than
+        requirements file.
+    """
+    line_parser = get_line_parser(finder)
+    parser = RequirementsFileParser(session, line_parser)
+
+    for parsed_line in parser.parse(filename, constraint):
+        parsed_req = handle_line(
+            parsed_line, options=options, finder=finder, session=session
+        )
+        if parsed_req is not None:
+            yield parsed_req
+
+
+def preprocess(content: str) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Split, filter, and join lines, and return a line iterator
+
+    :param content: the content of the requirements file
+    """
+    lines_enum: ReqFileLines = enumerate(content.splitlines(), start=1)
+    lines_enum = join_lines(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = ignore_comments(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = expand_env_variables(lines_enum)
+    return lines_enum
+
+
+def handle_requirement_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+) -> ParsedRequirement:
+    # preserve for the nested code path
+    line_comes_from = "{} {} (line {})".format(
+        "-c" if line.constraint else "-r",
+        line.filename,
+        line.lineno,
+    )
+
+    assert line.is_requirement
+
+    # get the options that apply to requirements
+    if line.is_editable:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST
+    else:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST
+    req_options = {}
+    for dest in supported_dest:
+        if dest in line.opts.__dict__ and line.opts.__dict__[dest]:
+            req_options[dest] = line.opts.__dict__[dest]
+
+    line_source = f"line {line.lineno} of {line.filename}"
+    return ParsedRequirement(
+        requirement=line.requirement,
+        is_editable=line.is_editable,
+        comes_from=line_comes_from,
+        constraint=line.constraint,
+        options=req_options,
+        line_source=line_source,
+    )
+
+
+def handle_option_line(
+    opts: Values,
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    session: Optional["PipSession"] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if opts.hashes:
+        logger.warning(
+            "%s line %s has --hash but no requirement, and will be ignored.",
+            filename,
+            lineno,
+        )
+
+    if options:
+        # percolate options upward
+        if opts.require_hashes:
+            options.require_hashes = opts.require_hashes
+        if opts.features_enabled:
+            options.features_enabled.extend(
+                f for f in opts.features_enabled if f not in options.features_enabled
+            )
+
+    # set finder options
+    if finder:
+        find_links = finder.find_links
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        no_index = finder.search_scope.no_index
+        if opts.no_index is True:
+            no_index = True
+            index_urls = []
+        if opts.index_url and not no_index:
+            index_urls = [opts.index_url]
+        if opts.extra_index_urls and not no_index:
+            index_urls.extend(opts.extra_index_urls)
+        if opts.find_links:
+            # FIXME: it would be nice to keep track of the source
+            # of the find_links: support a find-links local path
+            # relative to a requirements file.
+            value = opts.find_links[0]
+            req_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
+            relative_to_reqs_file = os.path.join(req_dir, value)
+            if os.path.exists(relative_to_reqs_file):
+                value = relative_to_reqs_file
+            find_links.append(value)
+
+        if session:
+            # We need to update the auth urls in session
+            session.update_index_urls(index_urls)
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+        finder.search_scope = search_scope
+
+        if opts.pre:
+            finder.set_allow_all_prereleases()
+
+        if opts.prefer_binary:
+            finder.set_prefer_binary()
+
+        if session:
+            for host in opts.trusted_hosts or []:
+                source = f"line {lineno} of {filename}"
+                session.add_trusted_host(host, source=source)
+
+
+def handle_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    session: Optional["PipSession"] = None,
+) -> Optional[ParsedRequirement]:
+    """Handle a single parsed requirements line; This can result in
+    creating/yielding requirements, or updating the finder.
+
+    :param line:        The parsed line to be processed.
+    :param options:     CLI options.
+    :param finder:      The finder - updated by non-requirement lines.
+    :param session:     The session - updated by non-requirement lines.
+
+    Returns a ParsedRequirement object if the line is a requirement line,
+    otherwise returns None.
+
+    For lines that contain requirements, the only options that have an effect
+    are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ, and they are scoped to the
+    requirement. Other options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS may be present, but are
+    ignored.
+
+    For lines that do not contain requirements, the only options that have an
+    effect are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ may
+    be present, but are ignored. These lines may contain multiple options
+    (although our docs imply only one is supported), and all our parsed and
+    affect the finder.
+    """
+
+    if line.is_requirement:
+        parsed_req = handle_requirement_line(line, options)
+        return parsed_req
+    else:
+        handle_option_line(
+            line.opts,
+            line.filename,
+            line.lineno,
+            finder,
+            options,
+            session,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: "PipSession",
+        line_parser: LineParser,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._line_parser = line_parser
+
+    def parse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        """Parse a given file, yielding parsed lines."""
+        yield from self._parse_and_recurse(filename, constraint)
+
+    def _parse_and_recurse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        for line in self._parse_file(filename, constraint):
+            if not line.is_requirement and (
+                line.opts.requirements or line.opts.constraints
+            ):
+                # parse a nested requirements file
+                if line.opts.requirements:
+                    req_path = line.opts.requirements[0]
+                    nested_constraint = False
+                else:
+                    req_path = line.opts.constraints[0]
+                    nested_constraint = True
+
+                # original file is over http
+                if SCHEME_RE.search(filename):
+                    # do a url join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = urllib.parse.urljoin(filename, req_path)
+                # original file and nested file are paths
+                elif not SCHEME_RE.search(req_path):
+                    # do a join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = os.path.join(
+                        os.path.dirname(filename),
+                        req_path,
+                    )
+
+                yield from self._parse_and_recurse(req_path, nested_constraint)
+            else:
+                yield line
+
+    def _parse_file(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        _, content = get_file_content(filename, self._session)
+
+        lines_enum = preprocess(content)
+
+        for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+            try:
+                args_str, opts = self._line_parser(line)
+            except OptionParsingError as e:
+                # add offending line
+                msg = f"Invalid requirement: {line}\n{e.msg}"
+                raise RequirementsFileParseError(msg)
+
+            yield ParsedLine(
+                filename,
+                line_number,
+                args_str,
+                opts,
+                constraint,
+            )
+
+
+def get_line_parser(finder: Optional["PackageFinder"]) -> LineParser:
+    def parse_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, Values]:
+        # Build new parser for each line since it accumulates appendable
+        # options.
+        parser = build_parser()
+        defaults = parser.get_default_values()
+        defaults.index_url = None
+        if finder:
+            defaults.format_control = finder.format_control
+
+        args_str, options_str = break_args_options(line)
+
+        try:
+            options = shlex.split(options_str)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise OptionParsingError(f"Could not split options: {options_str}") from e
+
+        opts, _ = parser.parse_args(options, defaults)
+
+        return args_str, opts
+
+    return parse_line
+
+
+def break_args_options(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Break up the line into an args and options string.  We only want to shlex
+    (and then optparse) the options, not the args.  args can contain markers
+    which are corrupted by shlex.
+    """
+    tokens = line.split(" ")
+    args = []
+    options = tokens[:]
+    for token in tokens:
+        if token.startswith("-") or token.startswith("--"):
+            break
+        else:
+            args.append(token)
+            options.pop(0)
+    return " ".join(args), " ".join(options)
+
+
+class OptionParsingError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.msg = msg
+
+
+def build_parser() -> optparse.OptionParser:
+    """
+    Return a parser for parsing requirement lines
+    """
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(add_help_option=False)
+
+    option_factories = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS + SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ
+    for option_factory in option_factories:
+        option = option_factory()
+        parser.add_option(option)
+
+    # By default optparse sys.exits on parsing errors. We want to wrap
+    # that in our own exception.
+    def parser_exit(self: Any, msg: str) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise OptionParsingError(msg)
+
+    # NOTE: mypy disallows assigning to a method
+    #       https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+    parser.exit = parser_exit  # type: ignore
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def join_lines(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Joins a line ending in '\' with the previous line (except when following
+    comments).  The joined line takes on the index of the first line.
+    """
+    primary_line_number = None
+    new_line: List[str] = []
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        if not line.endswith("\\") or COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+            if COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+                # this ensures comments are always matched later
+                line = " " + line
+            if new_line:
+                new_line.append(line)
+                assert primary_line_number is not None
+                yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+                new_line = []
+            else:
+                yield line_number, line
+        else:
+            if not new_line:
+                primary_line_number = line_number
+            new_line.append(line.strip("\\"))
+
+    # last line contains \
+    if new_line:
+        assert primary_line_number is not None
+        yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+
+    # TODO: handle space after '\'.
+
+
+def ignore_comments(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """
+    Strips comments and filter empty lines.
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        line = COMMENT_RE.sub("", line)
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line:
+            yield line_number, line
+
+
+def expand_env_variables(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Replace all environment variables that can be retrieved via `os.getenv`.
+
+    The only allowed format for environment variables defined in the
+    requirement file is `${MY_VARIABLE_1}` to ensure two things:
+
+    1. Strings that contain a `$` aren't accidentally (partially) expanded.
+    2. Ensure consistency across platforms for requirement files.
+
+    These points are the result of a discussion on the `github pull
+    request #3514 <https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3514>`_.
+
+    Valid characters in variable names follow the `POSIX standard
+    <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/>`_ and are limited
+    to uppercase letter, digits and the `_` (underscore).
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        for env_var, var_name in ENV_VAR_RE.findall(line):
+            value = os.getenv(var_name)
+            if not value:
+                continue
+
+            line = line.replace(env_var, value)
+
+        yield line_number, line
+
+
+def get_file_content(url: str, session: "PipSession") -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Gets the content of a file; it may be a filename, file: URL, or
+    http: URL.  Returns (location, content).  Content is unicode.
+    Respects # -*- coding: declarations on the retrieved files.
+
+    :param url:         File path or url.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    """
+    scheme = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).scheme
+    # Pip has special support for file:// URLs (LocalFSAdapter).
+    if scheme in ["http", "https", "file"]:
+        # Delay importing heavy network modules until absolutely necessary.
+        from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+
+        resp = session.get(url)
+        raise_for_status(resp)
+        return resp.url, resp.text
+
+    # Assume this is a bare path.
+    try:
+        with open(url, "rb") as f:
+            content = auto_decode(f.read())
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Could not open requirements file: {exc}")
+    return url, content
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..834bc51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import uuid
+import zipfile
+from optparse import Values
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment, NoOpBuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    get_default_environment,
+    get_directory_distribution,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import FilesystemWheel
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata import generate_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_editable import generate_editable_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_legacy import (
+    generate_metadata as generate_metadata_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.editable_legacy import (
+    install_editable as install_editable_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
+from pip._internal.pyproject import load_pyproject_toml, make_pyproject_path
+from pip._internal.req.req_uninstall import UninstallPathSet
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Represents something that may be installed later on, may have information
+    about where to fetch the relevant requirement and also contains logic for
+    installing the said requirement.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        req: Optional[Requirement],
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "InstallRequirement"]],
+        editable: bool = False,
+        link: Optional[Link] = None,
+        markers: Optional[Marker] = None,
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        *,
+        global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        constraint: bool = False,
+        extras: Collection[str] = (),
+        user_supplied: bool = False,
+        permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert req is None or isinstance(req, Requirement), req
+        self.req = req
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.permit_editable_wheels = permit_editable_wheels
+
+        # source_dir is the local directory where the linked requirement is
+        # located, or unpacked. In case unpacking is needed, creating and
+        # populating source_dir is done by the RequirementPreparer. Note this
+        # is not necessarily the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is
+        # located - that one is obtained via unpacked_source_directory.
+        self.source_dir: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.editable:
+            assert link
+            if link.is_file:
+                self.source_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.file_path))
+
+        # original_link is the direct URL that was provided by the user for the
+        # requirement, either directly or via a constraints file.
+        if link is None and req and req.url:
+            # PEP 508 URL requirement
+            link = Link(req.url)
+        self.link = self.original_link = link
+
+        # When this InstallRequirement is a wheel obtained from the cache of locally
+        # built wheels, this is the source link corresponding to the cache entry, which
+        # was used to download and build the cached wheel.
+        self.cached_wheel_source_link: Optional[Link] = None
+
+        # Information about the location of the artifact that was downloaded . This
+        # property is guaranteed to be set in resolver results.
+        self.download_info: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+
+        # Path to any downloaded or already-existing package.
+        self.local_file_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.link and self.link.is_file:
+            self.local_file_path = self.link.file_path
+
+        if extras:
+            self.extras = extras
+        elif req:
+            self.extras = req.extras
+        else:
+            self.extras = set()
+        if markers is None and req:
+            markers = req.marker
+        self.markers = markers
+
+        # This holds the Distribution object if this requirement is already installed.
+        self.satisfied_by: Optional[BaseDistribution] = None
+        # Whether the installation process should try to uninstall an existing
+        # distribution before installing this requirement.
+        self.should_reinstall = False
+        # Temporary build location
+        self._temp_build_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        # Set to True after successful installation
+        self.install_succeeded: Optional[bool] = None
+        # Supplied options
+        self.global_options = global_options if global_options else []
+        self.hash_options = hash_options if hash_options else {}
+        self.config_settings = config_settings
+        # Set to True after successful preparation of this requirement
+        self.prepared = False
+        # User supplied requirement are explicitly requested for installation
+        # by the user via CLI arguments or requirements files, as opposed to,
+        # e.g. dependencies, extras or constraints.
+        self.user_supplied = user_supplied
+
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.build_env: BuildEnvironment = NoOpBuildEnvironment()
+
+        # For PEP 517, the directory where we request the project metadata
+        # gets stored. We need this to pass to build_wheel, so the backend
+        # can ensure that the wheel matches the metadata (see the PEP for
+        # details).
+        self.metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None
+
+        # The static build requirements (from pyproject.toml)
+        self.pyproject_requires: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+        # Build requirements that we will check are available
+        self.requirements_to_check: List[str] = []
+
+        # The PEP 517 backend we should use to build the project
+        self.pep517_backend: Optional[BuildBackendHookCaller] = None
+
+        # Are we using PEP 517 for this requirement?
+        # After pyproject.toml has been loaded, the only valid values are True
+        # and False. Before loading, None is valid (meaning "use the default").
+        # Setting an explicit value before loading pyproject.toml is supported,
+        # but after loading this flag should be treated as read only.
+        self.use_pep517 = use_pep517
+
+        # If config settings are provided, enforce PEP 517.
+        if self.config_settings:
+            if self.use_pep517 is False:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--no-use-pep517 ignored for %s "
+                    "because --config-settings are specified.",
+                    self,
+                )
+            self.use_pep517 = True
+
+        # This requirement needs more preparation before it can be built
+        self.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # This requirement needs to be unpacked before it can be installed.
+        self._archive_source: Optional[Path] = None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.req:
+            s = redact_auth_from_requirement(self.req)
+            if self.link:
+                s += f" from {redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)}"
+        elif self.link:
+            s = redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)
+        else:
+            s = "<InstallRequirement>"
+        if self.satisfied_by is not None:
+            if self.satisfied_by.location is not None:
+                location = display_path(self.satisfied_by.location)
+            else:
+                location = "<memory>"
+            s += f" in {location}"
+        if self.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += f" (from {comes_from})"
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} object: "
+            f"{str(self)} editable={self.editable!r}>"
+        )
+
+    def format_debug(self) -> str:
+        """An un-tested helper for getting state, for debugging."""
+        attributes = vars(self)
+        names = sorted(attributes)
+
+        state = (f"{attr}={attributes[attr]!r}" for attr in sorted(names))
+        return "<{name} object: {{{state}}}>".format(
+            name=self.__class__.__name__,
+            state=", ".join(state),
+        )
+
+    # Things that are valid for all kinds of requirements?
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        return self.req.name
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def supports_pyproject_editable(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.use_pep517:
+            return False
+        assert self.pep517_backend
+        with self.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Checking if build backend supports build_editable"
+            )
+            with self.pep517_backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return "build_editable" in self.pep517_backend._supported_features()
+
+    @property
+    def specifier(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        return self.req.specifier
+
+    @property
+    def is_direct(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this requirement was specified as a direct URL."""
+        return self.original_link is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_pinned(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I am pinned to an exact version.
+
+        For example, some-package==1.2 is pinned; some-package>1.2 is not.
+        """
+        assert self.req is not None
+        specifiers = self.req.specifier
+        return len(specifiers) == 1 and next(iter(specifiers)).operator in {"==", "==="}
+
+    def match_markers(self, extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None) -> bool:
+        if not extras_requested:
+            # Provide an extra to safely evaluate the markers
+            # without matching any extra
+            extras_requested = ("",)
+        if self.markers is not None:
+            return any(
+                self.markers.evaluate({"extra": extra}) for extra in extras_requested
+            )
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash_options(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any known-good hashes are specified as options.
+
+        These activate --require-hashes mode; hashes specified as part of a
+        URL do not.
+
+        """
+        return bool(self.hash_options)
+
+    def hashes(self, trust_internet: bool = True) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a hash-comparer that considers my option- and URL-based
+        hashes to be known-good.
+
+        Hashes in URLs--ones embedded in the requirements file, not ones
+        downloaded from an index server--are almost peers with ones from
+        flags. They satisfy --require-hashes (whether it was implicitly or
+        explicitly activated) but do not activate it. md5 and sha224 are not
+        allowed in flags, which should nudge people toward good algos. We
+        always OR all hashes together, even ones from URLs.
+
+        :param trust_internet: Whether to trust URL-based (#md5=...) hashes
+            downloaded from the internet, as by populate_link()
+
+        """
+        good_hashes = self.hash_options.copy()
+        if trust_internet:
+            link = self.link
+        elif self.is_direct and self.user_supplied:
+            link = self.original_link
+        else:
+            link = None
+        if link and link.hash:
+            assert link.hash_name is not None
+            good_hashes.setdefault(link.hash_name, []).append(link.hash)
+        return Hashes(good_hashes)
+
+    def from_path(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Format a nice indicator to show where this "comes from" """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        s = str(self.req)
+        if self.comes_from:
+            comes_from: Optional[str]
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += "->" + comes_from
+        return s
+
+    def ensure_build_location(
+        self, build_dir: str, autodelete: bool, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> str:
+        assert build_dir is not None
+        if self._temp_build_dir is not None:
+            assert self._temp_build_dir.path
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+        if self.req is None:
+            # Some systems have /tmp as a symlink which confuses custom
+            # builds (such as numpy). Thus, we ensure that the real path
+            # is returned.
+            self._temp_build_dir = TempDirectory(
+                kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD, globally_managed=True
+            )
+
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+
+        # This is the only remaining place where we manually determine the path
+        # for the temporary directory. It is only needed for editables where
+        # it is the value of the --src option.
+
+        # When parallel builds are enabled, add a UUID to the build directory
+        # name so multiple builds do not interfere with each other.
+        dir_name: str = canonicalize_name(self.req.name)
+        if parallel_builds:
+            dir_name = f"{dir_name}_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+        # FIXME: Is there a better place to create the build_dir? (hg and bzr
+        # need this)
+        if not os.path.exists(build_dir):
+            logger.debug("Creating directory %s", build_dir)
+            os.makedirs(build_dir)
+        actual_build_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, dir_name)
+        # `None` indicates that we respect the globally-configured deletion
+        # settings, which is what we actually want when auto-deleting.
+        delete_arg = None if autodelete else False
+        return TempDirectory(
+            path=actual_build_dir,
+            delete=delete_arg,
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        ).path
+
+    def _set_requirement(self) -> None:
+        """Set requirement after generating metadata."""
+        assert self.req is None
+        assert self.metadata is not None
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+
+        # Construct a Requirement object from the generated metadata
+        if isinstance(parse_version(self.metadata["Version"]), Version):
+            op = "=="
+        else:
+            op = "==="
+
+        self.req = get_requirement(
+            "".join(
+                [
+                    self.metadata["Name"],
+                    op,
+                    self.metadata["Version"],
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+    def warn_on_mismatching_name(self) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        metadata_name = canonicalize_name(self.metadata["Name"])
+        if canonicalize_name(self.req.name) == metadata_name:
+            # Everything is fine.
+            return
+
+        # If we're here, there's a mismatch. Log a warning about it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "Generating metadata for package %s "
+            "produced metadata for project name %s. Fix your "
+            "#egg=%s fragments.",
+            self.name,
+            metadata_name,
+            self.name,
+        )
+        self.req = get_requirement(metadata_name)
+
+    def check_if_exists(self, use_user_site: bool) -> None:
+        """Find an installed distribution that satisfies or conflicts
+        with this requirement, and set self.satisfied_by or
+        self.should_reinstall appropriately.
+        """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return
+        existing_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not existing_dist:
+            return
+
+        version_compatible = self.req.specifier.contains(
+            existing_dist.version,
+            prereleases=True,
+        )
+        if not version_compatible:
+            self.satisfied_by = None
+            if use_user_site:
+                if existing_dist.in_usersite:
+                    self.should_reinstall = True
+                elif running_under_virtualenv() and existing_dist.in_site_packages:
+                    raise InstallationError(
+                        f"Will not install to the user site because it will "
+                        f"lack sys.path precedence to {existing_dist.raw_name} "
+                        f"in {existing_dist.location}"
+                    )
+            else:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+        else:
+            if self.editable:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+                # when installing editables, nothing pre-existing should ever
+                # satisfy
+                self.satisfied_by = None
+            else:
+                self.satisfied_by = existing_dist
+
+    # Things valid for wheels
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.link:
+            return False
+        return self.link.is_wheel
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel_from_cache(self) -> bool:
+        # When True, it means that this InstallRequirement is a local wheel file in the
+        # cache of locally built wheels.
+        return self.cached_wheel_source_link is not None
+
+    # Things valid for sdists
+    @property
+    def unpacked_source_directory(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return os.path.join(
+            self.source_dir, self.link and self.link.subdirectory_fragment or ""
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def setup_py_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_py = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.py")
+
+        return setup_py
+
+    @property
+    def setup_cfg_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_cfg = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.cfg")
+
+        return setup_cfg
+
+    @property
+    def pyproject_toml_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return make_pyproject_path(self.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+    def load_pyproject_toml(self) -> None:
+        """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+        After calling this routine, all of the attributes related to PEP 517
+        processing for this requirement have been set. In particular, the
+        use_pep517 attribute can be used to determine whether we should
+        follow the PEP 517 or legacy (setup.py) code path.
+        """
+        pyproject_toml_data = load_pyproject_toml(
+            self.use_pep517, self.pyproject_toml_path, self.setup_py_path, str(self)
+        )
+
+        if pyproject_toml_data is None:
+            assert not self.config_settings
+            self.use_pep517 = False
+            return
+
+        self.use_pep517 = True
+        requires, backend, check, backend_path = pyproject_toml_data
+        self.requirements_to_check = check
+        self.pyproject_requires = requires
+        self.pep517_backend = ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(
+            self,
+            self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            backend,
+            backend_path=backend_path,
+        )
+
+    def isolated_editable_sanity_check(self) -> None:
+        """Check that an editable requirement if valid for use with PEP 517/518.
+
+        This verifies that an editable that has a pyproject.toml either supports PEP 660
+        or as a setup.py or a setup.cfg
+        """
+        if (
+            self.editable
+            and self.use_pep517
+            and not self.supports_pyproject_editable
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_py_path)
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_cfg_path)
+        ):
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Project {self} has a 'pyproject.toml' and its build "
+                f"backend is missing the 'build_editable' hook. Since it does not "
+                f"have a 'setup.py' nor a 'setup.cfg', "
+                f"it cannot be installed in editable mode. "
+                f"Consider using a build backend that supports PEP 660."
+            )
+
+    def prepare_metadata(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure that project metadata is available.
+
+        Under PEP 517 and PEP 660, call the backend hook to prepare the metadata.
+        Under legacy processing, call setup.py egg-info.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        details = self.name or f"from {self.link}"
+
+        if self.use_pep517:
+            assert self.pep517_backend is not None
+            if (
+                self.editable
+                and self.permit_editable_wheels
+                and self.supports_pyproject_editable
+            ):
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_editable_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+        else:
+            self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata_legacy(
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                details=details,
+            )
+
+        # Act on the newly generated metadata, based on the name and version.
+        if not self.name:
+            self._set_requirement()
+        else:
+            self.warn_on_mismatching_name()
+
+        self.assert_source_matches_version()
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> Any:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_metadata"):
+            self._metadata = self.get_dist().metadata
+
+        return self._metadata
+
+    def get_dist(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        if self.metadata_directory:
+            return get_directory_distribution(self.metadata_directory)
+        elif self.local_file_path and self.is_wheel:
+            assert self.req is not None
+            return get_wheel_distribution(
+                FilesystemWheel(self.local_file_path),
+                canonicalize_name(self.req.name),
+            )
+        raise AssertionError(
+            f"InstallRequirement {self} has no metadata directory and no wheel: "
+            f"can't make a distribution."
+        )
+
+    def assert_source_matches_version(self) -> None:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        version = self.metadata["version"]
+        if self.req and self.req.specifier and version not in self.req.specifier:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Requested %s, but installing version %s",
+                self,
+                version,
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Source in %s has version %s, which satisfies requirement %s",
+                display_path(self.source_dir),
+                version,
+                self,
+            )
+
+    # For both source distributions and editables
+    def ensure_has_source_dir(
+        self,
+        parent_dir: str,
+        autodelete: bool = False,
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure that a source_dir is set.
+
+        This will create a temporary build dir if the name of the requirement
+        isn't known yet.
+
+        :param parent_dir: The ideal pip parent_dir for the source_dir.
+            Generally src_dir for editables and build_dir for sdists.
+        :return: self.source_dir
+        """
+        if self.source_dir is None:
+            self.source_dir = self.ensure_build_location(
+                parent_dir,
+                autodelete=autodelete,
+                parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+            )
+
+    def needs_unpacked_archive(self, archive_source: Path) -> None:
+        assert self._archive_source is None
+        self._archive_source = archive_source
+
+    def ensure_pristine_source_checkout(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure the source directory has not yet been built in."""
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+        if self._archive_source is not None:
+            unpack_file(str(self._archive_source), self.source_dir)
+        elif is_installable_dir(self.source_dir):
+            # If a checkout exists, it's unwise to keep going.
+            # version inconsistencies are logged later, but do not fail
+            # the installation.
+            raise PreviousBuildDirError(
+                f"pip can't proceed with requirements '{self}' due to a "
+                f"pre-existing build directory ({self.source_dir}). This is likely "
+                "due to a previous installation that failed . pip is "
+                "being responsible and not assuming it can delete this. "
+                "Please delete it and try again."
+            )
+
+    # For editable installations
+    def update_editable(self) -> None:
+        if not self.link:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Cannot update repository at %s; repository location is unknown",
+                self.source_dir,
+            )
+            return
+        assert self.editable
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if self.link.scheme == "file":
+            # Static paths don't get updated
+            return
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(self.link.scheme)
+        # Editable requirements are validated in Requirement constructors.
+        # So here, if it's neither a path nor a valid VCS URL, it's a bug.
+        assert vcs_backend, f"Unsupported VCS URL {self.link.url}"
+        hidden_url = hide_url(self.link.url)
+        vcs_backend.obtain(self.source_dir, url=hidden_url, verbosity=0)
+
+    # Top-level Actions
+    def uninstall(
+        self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False
+    ) -> Optional[UninstallPathSet]:
+        """
+        Uninstall the distribution currently satisfying this requirement.
+
+        Prompts before removing or modifying files unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True.
+
+        Refuses to delete or modify files outside of ``sys.prefix`` -
+        thus uninstallation within a virtual environment can only
+        modify that virtual environment, even if the virtualenv is
+        linked to global site-packages.
+
+        """
+        assert self.req
+        dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not dist:
+            logger.warning("Skipping %s as it is not installed.", self.name)
+            return None
+        logger.info("Found existing installation: %s", dist)
+
+        uninstalled_pathset = UninstallPathSet.from_dist(dist)
+        uninstalled_pathset.remove(auto_confirm, verbose)
+        return uninstalled_pathset
+
+    def _get_archive_name(self, path: str, parentdir: str, rootdir: str) -> str:
+        def _clean_zip_name(name: str, prefix: str) -> str:
+            assert name.startswith(
+                prefix + os.path.sep
+            ), f"name {name!r} doesn't start with prefix {prefix!r}"
+            name = name[len(prefix) + 1 :]
+            name = name.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+            return name
+
+        assert self.req is not None
+        path = os.path.join(parentdir, path)
+        name = _clean_zip_name(path, rootdir)
+        return self.req.name + "/" + name
+
+    def archive(self, build_dir: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        """Saves archive to provided build_dir.
+
+        Used for saving downloaded VCS requirements as part of `pip download`.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if build_dir is None:
+            return
+
+        create_archive = True
+        archive_name = "{}-{}.zip".format(self.name, self.metadata["version"])
+        archive_path = os.path.join(build_dir, archive_name)
+
+        if os.path.exists(archive_path):
+            response = ask_path_exists(
+                f"The file {display_path(archive_path)} exists. (i)gnore, (w)ipe, "
+                "(b)ackup, (a)bort ",
+                ("i", "w", "b", "a"),
+            )
+            if response == "i":
+                create_archive = False
+            elif response == "w":
+                logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(archive_path))
+                os.remove(archive_path)
+            elif response == "b":
+                dest_file = backup_dir(archive_path)
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Backing up %s to %s",
+                    display_path(archive_path),
+                    display_path(dest_file),
+                )
+                shutil.move(archive_path, dest_file)
+            elif response == "a":
+                sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if not create_archive:
+            return
+
+        zip_output = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            archive_path,
+            "w",
+            zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED,
+            allowZip64=True,
+        )
+        with zip_output:
+            dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(self.unpacked_source_directory))
+            for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dir):
+                for dirname in dirnames:
+                    dir_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        dirname,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    zipdir = zipfile.ZipInfo(dir_arcname + "/")
+                    zipdir.external_attr = 0x1ED << 16  # 0o755
+                    zip_output.writestr(zipdir, "")
+                for filename in filenames:
+                    file_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        filename,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    filename = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+                    zip_output.write(filename, file_arcname)
+
+        logger.info("Saved %s", display_path(archive_path))
+
+    def install(
+        self,
+        global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+        root: Optional[str] = None,
+        home: Optional[str] = None,
+        prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        warn_script_location: bool = True,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        pycompile: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        scheme = get_scheme(
+            self.req.name,
+            user=use_user_site,
+            home=home,
+            root=root,
+            isolated=self.isolated,
+            prefix=prefix,
+        )
+
+        if self.editable and not self.is_wheel:
+            deprecated(
+                reason=(
+                    f"Legacy editable install of {self} (setup.py develop) "
+                    "is deprecated."
+                ),
+                replacement=(
+                    "to add a pyproject.toml or enable --use-pep517, "
+                    "and use setuptools >= 64. "
+                    "If the resulting installation is not behaving as expected, "
+                    "try using --config-settings editable_mode=compat. "
+                    "Please consult the setuptools documentation for more information"
+                ),
+                gone_in="25.0",
+                issue=11457,
+            )
+            if self.config_settings:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--config-settings ignored for legacy editable install of %s. "
+                    "Consider upgrading to a version of setuptools "
+                    "that supports PEP 660 (>= 64).",
+                    self,
+                )
+            install_editable_legacy(
+                global_options=global_options if global_options is not None else [],
+                prefix=prefix,
+                home=home,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                name=self.req.name,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                unpacked_source_directory=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
+            self.install_succeeded = True
+            return
+
+        assert self.is_wheel
+        assert self.local_file_path
+
+        install_wheel(
+            self.req.name,
+            self.local_file_path,
+            scheme=scheme,
+            req_description=str(self.req),
+            pycompile=pycompile,
+            warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+            direct_url=self.download_info if self.is_direct else None,
+            requested=self.user_supplied,
+        )
+        self.install_succeeded = True
+
+
+def check_invalid_constraint_type(req: InstallRequirement) -> str:
+    # Check for unsupported forms
+    problem = ""
+    if not req.name:
+        problem = "Unnamed requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.editable:
+        problem = "Editable requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.extras:
+        problem = "Constraints cannot have extras"
+
+    if problem:
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Constraints are only allowed to take the form of a package "
+                "name and a version specifier. Other forms were originally "
+                "permitted as an accident of the implementation, but were "
+                "undocumented. The new implementation of the resolver no "
+                "longer supports these forms."
+            ),
+            replacement="replacing the constraint with a requirement",
+            # No plan yet for when the new resolver becomes default
+            gone_in=None,
+            issue=8210,
+        )
+
+    return problem
+
+
+def _has_option(options: Values, reqs: List[InstallRequirement], option: str) -> bool:
+    if getattr(options, option, None):
+        return True
+    for req in reqs:
+        if getattr(req, option, None):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def check_legacy_setup_py_options(
+    options: Values,
+    reqs: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> None:
+    has_build_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "build_options")
+    has_global_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "global_options")
+    if has_build_options or has_global_options:
+        deprecated(
+            reason="--build-option and --global-option are deprecated.",
+            issue=11859,
+            replacement="to use --config-settings",
+            gone_in="25.0",
+        )
+        logger.warning(
+            "Implying --no-binary=:all: due to the presence of "
+            "--build-option / --global-option. "
+        )
+        options.format_control.disallow_binaries()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec7a6e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import logging
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RequirementSet:
+    def __init__(self, check_supported_wheels: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Create a RequirementSet."""
+
+        self.requirements: Dict[str, InstallRequirement] = OrderedDict()
+        self.check_supported_wheels = check_supported_wheels
+
+        self.unnamed_requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            (req for req in self.requirements.values() if not req.comes_from),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+        return " ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            self.requirements.values(),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+
+        format_string = "<{classname} object; {count} requirement(s): {reqs}>"
+        return format_string.format(
+            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
+            count=len(requirements),
+            reqs=", ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements),
+        )
+
+    def add_unnamed_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert not install_req.name
+        self.unnamed_requirements.append(install_req)
+
+    def add_named_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert install_req.name
+
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(install_req.name)
+        self.requirements[project_name] = install_req
+
+    def has_requirement(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        return (
+            project_name in self.requirements
+            and not self.requirements[project_name].constraint
+        )
+
+    def get_requirement(self, name: str) -> InstallRequirement:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        if project_name in self.requirements:
+            return self.requirements[project_name]
+
+        raise KeyError(f"No project with the name {name!r}")
+
+    @property
+    def all_requirements(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self.unnamed_requirements + list(self.requirements.values())
+
+    @property
+    def requirements_to_install(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Return the list of requirements that need to be installed.
+
+        TODO remove this property together with the legacy resolver, since the new
+             resolver only returns requirements that need to be installed.
+        """
+        return [
+            install_req
+            for install_req in self.all_requirements
+            if not install_req.constraint and not install_req.satisfied_by
+        ]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26df208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.util import cache_from_source
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import LegacyDistutilsInstall, UninstallMissingRecord
+from pip._internal.locations import get_bin_prefix, get_bin_user
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger, indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ask, normalize_path, renames, rmtree
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import AdjacentTempDirectory, TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _script_names(
+    bin_dir: str, script_name: str, is_gui: bool
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """Create the fully qualified name of the files created by
+    {console,gui}_scripts for the given ``dist``.
+    Returns the list of file names
+    """
+    exe_name = os.path.join(bin_dir, script_name)
+    yield exe_name
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe"
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe.manifest"
+    if is_gui:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.pyw"
+    else:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.py"
+
+
+def _unique(
+    fn: Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]
+) -> Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def unique(*args: Any, **kw: Any) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        seen: Set[Any] = set()
+        for item in fn(*args, **kw):
+            if item not in seen:
+                seen.add(item)
+                yield item
+
+    return unique
+
+
+@_unique
+def uninstallation_paths(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """
+    Yield all the uninstallation paths for dist based on RECORD-without-.py[co]
+
+    Yield paths to all the files in RECORD. For each .py file in RECORD, add
+    the .pyc and .pyo in the same directory.
+
+    UninstallPathSet.add() takes care of the __pycache__ .py[co].
+
+    If RECORD is not found, raises an error,
+    with possible information from the INSTALLER file.
+
+    https://packaging.python.org/specifications/recording-installed-packages/
+    """
+    location = dist.location
+    assert location is not None, "not installed"
+
+    entries = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+    if entries is None:
+        raise UninstallMissingRecord(distribution=dist)
+
+    for entry in entries:
+        path = os.path.join(location, entry)
+        yield path
+        if path.endswith(".py"):
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(path)
+            base = fn[:-3]
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyc")
+            yield path
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyo")
+            yield path
+
+
+def compact(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Compact a path set to contain the minimal number of paths
+    necessary to contain all paths in the set. If /a/path/ and
+    /a/path/to/a/file.txt are both in the set, leave only the
+    shorter path."""
+
+    sep = os.path.sep
+    short_paths: Set[str] = set()
+    for path in sorted(paths, key=len):
+        should_skip = any(
+            path.startswith(shortpath.rstrip("*"))
+            and path[len(shortpath.rstrip("*").rstrip(sep))] == sep
+            for shortpath in short_paths
+        )
+        if not should_skip:
+            short_paths.add(path)
+    return short_paths
+
+
+def compress_for_rename(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Returns a set containing the paths that need to be renamed.
+
+    This set may include directories when the original sequence of paths
+    included every file on disk.
+    """
+    case_map = {os.path.normcase(p): p for p in paths}
+    remaining = set(case_map)
+    unchecked = sorted({os.path.split(p)[0] for p in case_map.values()}, key=len)
+    wildcards: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def norm_join(*a: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.normcase(os.path.join(*a))
+
+    for root in unchecked:
+        if any(os.path.normcase(root).startswith(w) for w in wildcards):
+            # This directory has already been handled.
+            continue
+
+        all_files: Set[str] = set()
+        all_subdirs: Set[str] = set()
+        for dirname, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):
+            all_subdirs.update(norm_join(root, dirname, d) for d in subdirs)
+            all_files.update(norm_join(root, dirname, f) for f in files)
+        # If all the files we found are in our remaining set of files to
+        # remove, then remove them from the latter set and add a wildcard
+        # for the directory.
+        if not (all_files - remaining):
+            remaining.difference_update(all_files)
+            wildcards.add(root + os.sep)
+
+    return set(map(case_map.__getitem__, remaining)) | wildcards
+
+
+def compress_for_output_listing(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[Set[str], Set[str]]:
+    """Returns a tuple of 2 sets of which paths to display to user
+
+    The first set contains paths that would be deleted. Files of a package
+    are not added and the top-level directory of the package has a '*' added
+    at the end - to signify that all it's contents are removed.
+
+    The second set contains files that would have been skipped in the above
+    folders.
+    """
+
+    will_remove = set(paths)
+    will_skip = set()
+
+    # Determine folders and files
+    folders = set()
+    files = set()
+    for path in will_remove:
+        if path.endswith(".pyc"):
+            continue
+        if path.endswith("__init__.py") or ".dist-info" in path:
+            folders.add(os.path.dirname(path))
+        files.add(path)
+
+    _normcased_files = set(map(os.path.normcase, files))
+
+    folders = compact(folders)
+
+    # This walks the tree using os.walk to not miss extra folders
+    # that might get added.
+    for folder in folders:
+        for dirpath, _, dirfiles in os.walk(folder):
+            for fname in dirfiles:
+                if fname.endswith(".pyc"):
+                    continue
+
+                file_ = os.path.join(dirpath, fname)
+                if (
+                    os.path.isfile(file_)
+                    and os.path.normcase(file_) not in _normcased_files
+                ):
+                    # We are skipping this file. Add it to the set.
+                    will_skip.add(file_)
+
+    will_remove = files | {os.path.join(folder, "*") for folder in folders}
+
+    return will_remove, will_skip
+
+
+class StashedUninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file rename operations to stash files while
+    tentatively uninstalling them."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Mapping from source file root to [Adjacent]TempDirectory
+        # for files under that directory.
+        self._save_dirs: Dict[str, TempDirectory] = {}
+        # (old path, new path) tuples for each move that may need
+        # to be undone.
+        self._moves: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+    def _get_directory_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a directory.
+
+        Directories are stashed adjacent to their original location if
+        possible, or else moved/copied into the user's temp dir."""
+
+        try:
+            save_dir: TempDirectory = AdjacentTempDirectory(path)
+        except OSError:
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+        self._save_dirs[os.path.normcase(path)] = save_dir
+
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def _get_file_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a file.
+
+        If no root has been provided, one will be created for the directory
+        in the user's temp directory."""
+        path = os.path.normcase(path)
+        head, old_head = os.path.dirname(path), None
+        save_dir = None
+
+        while head != old_head:
+            try:
+                save_dir = self._save_dirs[head]
+                break
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            head, old_head = os.path.dirname(head), head
+        else:
+            # Did not find any suitable root
+            head = os.path.dirname(path)
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+            self._save_dirs[head] = save_dir
+
+        relpath = os.path.relpath(path, head)
+        if relpath and relpath != os.path.curdir:
+            return os.path.join(save_dir.path, relpath)
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes the directory or file and returns its new location.
+        Handle symlinks as files to avoid modifying the symlink targets.
+        """
+        path_is_dir = os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path)
+        if path_is_dir:
+            new_path = self._get_directory_stash(path)
+        else:
+            new_path = self._get_file_stash(path)
+
+        self._moves.append((path, new_path))
+        if path_is_dir and os.path.isdir(new_path):
+            # If we're moving a directory, we need to
+            # remove the destination first or else it will be
+            # moved to inside the existing directory.
+            # We just created new_path ourselves, so it will
+            # be removable.
+            os.rmdir(new_path)
+        renames(path, new_path)
+        return new_path
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commits the uninstall by removing stashed files."""
+        for save_dir in self._save_dirs.values():
+            save_dir.cleanup()
+        self._moves = []
+        self._save_dirs = {}
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Undoes the uninstall by moving stashed files back."""
+        for p in self._moves:
+            logger.info("Moving to %s\n from %s", *p)
+
+        for new_path, path in self._moves:
+            try:
+                logger.debug("Replacing %s from %s", new_path, path)
+                if os.path.isfile(new_path) or os.path.islink(new_path):
+                    os.unlink(new_path)
+                elif os.path.isdir(new_path):
+                    rmtree(new_path)
+                renames(path, new_path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                logger.error("Failed to restore %s", new_path)
+                logger.debug("Exception: %s", ex)
+
+        self.commit()
+
+    @property
+    def can_rollback(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._moves)
+
+
+class UninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file paths to be removed in the uninstallation of a
+    requirement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        self._paths: Set[str] = set()
+        self._refuse: Set[str] = set()
+        self._pth: Dict[str, UninstallPthEntries] = {}
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._moved_paths = StashedUninstallPathSet()
+        # Create local cache of normalize_path results. Creating an UninstallPathSet
+        # can result in hundreds/thousands of redundant calls to normalize_path with
+        # the same args, which hurts performance.
+        self._normalize_path_cached = functools.lru_cache(normalize_path)
+
+    def _permitted(self, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the given path is one we are permitted to
+        remove/modify, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        # aka is_local, but caching normalized sys.prefix
+        if not running_under_virtualenv():
+            return True
+        return path.startswith(self._normalize_path_cached(sys.prefix))
+
+    def add(self, path: str) -> None:
+        head, tail = os.path.split(path)
+
+        # we normalize the head to resolve parent directory symlinks, but not
+        # the tail, since we only want to uninstall symlinks, not their targets
+        path = os.path.join(self._normalize_path_cached(head), os.path.normcase(tail))
+
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            return
+        if self._permitted(path):
+            self._paths.add(path)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(path)
+
+        # __pycache__ files can show up after 'installed-files.txt' is created,
+        # due to imports
+        if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == ".py":
+            self.add(cache_from_source(path))
+
+    def add_pth(self, pth_file: str, entry: str) -> None:
+        pth_file = self._normalize_path_cached(pth_file)
+        if self._permitted(pth_file):
+            if pth_file not in self._pth:
+                self._pth[pth_file] = UninstallPthEntries(pth_file)
+            self._pth[pth_file].add(entry)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(pth_file)
+
+    def remove(self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Remove paths in ``self._paths`` with confirmation (unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True)."""
+
+        if not self._paths:
+            logger.info(
+                "Can't uninstall '%s'. No files were found to uninstall.",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+
+        dist_name_version = f"{self._dist.raw_name}-{self._dist.raw_version}"
+        logger.info("Uninstalling %s:", dist_name_version)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if auto_confirm or self._allowed_to_proceed(verbose):
+                moved = self._moved_paths
+
+                for_rename = compress_for_rename(self._paths)
+
+                for path in sorted(compact(for_rename)):
+                    moved.stash(path)
+                    logger.verbose("Removing file or directory %s", path)
+
+                for pth in self._pth.values():
+                    pth.remove()
+
+                logger.info("Successfully uninstalled %s", dist_name_version)
+
+    def _allowed_to_proceed(self, verbose: bool) -> bool:
+        """Display which files would be deleted and prompt for confirmation"""
+
+        def _display(msg: str, paths: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            if not paths:
+                return
+
+            logger.info(msg)
+            with indent_log():
+                for path in sorted(compact(paths)):
+                    logger.info(path)
+
+        if not verbose:
+            will_remove, will_skip = compress_for_output_listing(self._paths)
+        else:
+            # In verbose mode, display all the files that are going to be
+            # deleted.
+            will_remove = set(self._paths)
+            will_skip = set()
+
+        _display("Would remove:", will_remove)
+        _display("Would not remove (might be manually added):", will_skip)
+        _display("Would not remove (outside of prefix):", self._refuse)
+        if verbose:
+            _display("Will actually move:", compress_for_rename(self._paths))
+
+        return ask("Proceed (Y/n)? ", ("y", "n", "")) != "n"
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the changes previously made by remove()."""
+        if not self._moved_paths.can_rollback:
+            logger.error(
+                "Can't roll back %s; was not uninstalled",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+        logger.info("Rolling back uninstall of %s", self._dist.raw_name)
+        self._moved_paths.rollback()
+        for pth in self._pth.values():
+            pth.rollback()
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Remove temporary save dir: rollback will no longer be possible."""
+        self._moved_paths.commit()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "UninstallPathSet":
+        dist_location = dist.location
+        info_location = dist.info_location
+        if dist_location is None:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s since it is not installed",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        normalized_dist_location = normalize_path(dist_location)
+        if not dist.local:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, outside environment %s",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+                sys.prefix,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        if normalized_dist_location in {
+            p
+            for p in {sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), sysconfig.get_path("platstdlib")}
+            if p
+        }:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, as it is in the standard library.",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        paths_to_remove = cls(dist)
+        develop_egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(dist.raw_name)
+
+        # Distribution is installed with metadata in a "flat" .egg-info
+        # directory. This means it is not a modern .dist-info installation, an
+        # egg, or legacy editable.
+        setuptools_flat_installation = (
+            dist.installed_with_setuptools_egg_info
+            and info_location is not None
+            and os.path.exists(info_location)
+            # If dist is editable and the location points to a ``.egg-info``,
+            # we are in fact in the legacy editable case.
+            and not info_location.endswith(f"{dist.setuptools_filename}.egg-info")
+        )
+
+        # Uninstall cases order do matter as in the case of 2 installs of the
+        # same package, pip needs to uninstall the currently detected version
+        if setuptools_flat_installation:
+            if info_location is not None:
+                paths_to_remove.add(info_location)
+            installed_files = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+            if installed_files is not None:
+                for installed_file in installed_files:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(dist_location, installed_file))
+            # FIXME: need a test for this elif block
+            # occurs with --single-version-externally-managed/--record outside
+            # of pip
+            elif dist.is_file("top_level.txt"):
+                try:
+                    namespace_packages = dist.read_text("namespace_packages.txt")
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    namespaces = []
+                else:
+                    namespaces = namespace_packages.splitlines(keepends=False)
+                for top_level_pkg in [
+                    p
+                    for p in dist.read_text("top_level.txt").splitlines()
+                    if p and p not in namespaces
+                ]:
+                    path = os.path.join(dist_location, top_level_pkg)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(path)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.py")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyc")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyo")
+
+        elif dist.installed_by_distutils:
+            raise LegacyDistutilsInstall(distribution=dist)
+
+        elif dist.installed_as_egg:
+            # package installed by easy_install
+            # We cannot match on dist.egg_name because it can slightly vary
+            # i.e. setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg vs setuptools-0.6rc11-py2.6.egg
+            paths_to_remove.add(dist_location)
+            easy_install_egg = os.path.split(dist_location)[1]
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(dist_location),
+                "easy-install.pth",
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, "./" + easy_install_egg)
+
+        elif dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            for path in uninstallation_paths(dist):
+                paths_to_remove.add(path)
+
+        elif develop_egg_link:
+            # PEP 660 modern editable is handled in the ``.dist-info`` case
+            # above, so this only covers the setuptools-style editable.
+            with open(develop_egg_link) as fh:
+                link_pointer = os.path.normcase(fh.readline().strip())
+                normalized_link_pointer = paths_to_remove._normalize_path_cached(
+                    link_pointer
+                )
+            assert os.path.samefile(
+                normalized_link_pointer, normalized_dist_location
+            ), (
+                f"Egg-link {develop_egg_link} (to {link_pointer}) does not match "
+                f"installed location of {dist.raw_name} (at {dist_location})"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add(develop_egg_link)
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(develop_egg_link), "easy-install.pth"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, dist_location)
+
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not sure how to uninstall: %s - Check: %s",
+                dist,
+                dist_location,
+            )
+
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_user()
+        else:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_prefix()
+
+        # find distutils scripts= scripts
+        try:
+            for script in dist.iter_distutils_script_names():
+                paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, script))
+                if WINDOWS:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, f"{script}.bat"))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+            pass
+
+        # find console_scripts and gui_scripts
+        def iter_scripts_to_remove(
+            dist: BaseDistribution,
+            bin_dir: str,
+        ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+            for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+                if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, False)
+                elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, True)
+
+        for s in iter_scripts_to_remove(dist, bin_dir):
+            paths_to_remove.add(s)
+
+        return paths_to_remove
+
+
+class UninstallPthEntries:
+    def __init__(self, pth_file: str) -> None:
+        self.file = pth_file
+        self.entries: Set[str] = set()
+        self._saved_lines: Optional[List[bytes]] = None
+
+    def add(self, entry: str) -> None:
+        entry = os.path.normcase(entry)
+        # On Windows, os.path.normcase converts the entry to use
+        # backslashes.  This is correct for entries that describe absolute
+        # paths outside of site-packages, but all the others use forward
+        # slashes.
+        # os.path.splitdrive is used instead of os.path.isabs because isabs
+        # treats non-absolute paths with drive letter markings like c:foo\bar
+        # as absolute paths. It also does not recognize UNC paths if they don't
+        # have more than "\\sever\share". Valid examples: "\\server\share\" or
+        # "\\server\share\folder".
+        if WINDOWS and not os.path.splitdrive(entry)[0]:
+            entry = entry.replace("\\", "/")
+        self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def remove(self) -> None:
+        logger.verbose("Removing pth entries from %s:", self.file)
+
+        # If the file doesn't exist, log a warning and return
+        if not os.path.isfile(self.file):
+            logger.warning("Cannot remove entries from nonexistent file %s", self.file)
+            return
+        with open(self.file, "rb") as fh:
+            # windows uses '\r\n' with py3k, but uses '\n' with py2.x
+            lines = fh.readlines()
+            self._saved_lines = lines
+        if any(b"\r\n" in line for line in lines):
+            endline = "\r\n"
+        else:
+            endline = "\n"
+        # handle missing trailing newline
+        if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(endline.encode("utf-8")):
+            lines[-1] = lines[-1] + endline.encode("utf-8")
+        for entry in self.entries:
+            try:
+                logger.verbose("Removing entry: %s", entry)
+                lines.remove((entry + endline).encode("utf-8"))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(lines)
+
+    def rollback(self) -> bool:
+        if self._saved_lines is None:
+            logger.error("Cannot roll back changes to %s, none were made", self.file)
+            return False
+        logger.debug("Rolling %s back to previous state", self.file)
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(self._saved_lines)
+        return True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42dade1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+
+InstallRequirementProvider = Callable[
+    [str, Optional[InstallRequirement]], InstallRequirement
+]
+
+
+class BaseResolver:
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd0d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+"""Dependency Resolution
+
+The dependency resolution in pip is performed as follows:
+
+for top-level requirements:
+    a. only one spec allowed per project, regardless of conflicts or not.
+       otherwise a "double requirement" exception is raised
+    b. they override sub-dependency requirements.
+for sub-dependencies
+    a. "first found, wins" (where the order is breadth first)
+"""
+
+import logging
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import DefaultDict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    HashError,
+    HashErrors,
+    InstallationError,
+    NoneMetadataError,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils import compatibility_tags
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DiscoveredDependencies = DefaultDict[Optional[str], List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _check_dist_requires_python(
+    dist: BaseDistribution,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Check whether the given Python version is compatible with a distribution's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+
+    :raises UnsupportedPythonVersion: When the given Python version isn't
+        compatible.
+    """
+    # This idiosyncratically converts the SpecifierSet to str and let
+    # check_requires_python then parse it again into SpecifierSet. But this
+    # is the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+    try:
+        requires_python = str(dist.requires_python)
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        raise NoneMetadataError(dist, str(e))
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s", dist.raw_name, exc
+        )
+        return
+
+    if is_compatible:
+        return
+
+    version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+    if ignore_requires_python:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check for package %r: %s not in %r",
+            dist.raw_name,
+            version,
+            requires_python,
+        )
+        return
+
+    raise UnsupportedPythonVersion(
+        f"Package {dist.raw_name!r} requires a different Python: "
+        f"{version} not in {requires_python!r}"
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    """Resolves which packages need to be installed/uninstalled to perform \
+    the requested operation without breaking the requirements of any package.
+    """
+
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        self._py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self.force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.ignore_installed = ignore_installed
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._make_install_req = make_install_req
+
+        self._discovered_dependencies: DiscoveredDependencies = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        """Resolve what operations need to be done
+
+        As a side-effect of this method, the packages (and their dependencies)
+        are downloaded, unpacked and prepared for installation. This
+        preparation is done by ``pip.operations.prepare``.
+
+        Once PyPI has static dependency metadata available, it would be
+        possible to move the preparation to become a step separated from
+        dependency resolution.
+        """
+        requirement_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        for req in root_reqs:
+            if req.constraint:
+                check_invalid_constraint_type(req)
+            self._add_requirement_to_set(requirement_set, req)
+
+        # Actually prepare the files, and collect any exceptions. Most hash
+        # exceptions cannot be checked ahead of time, because
+        # _populate_link() needs to be called before we can make decisions
+        # based on link type.
+        discovered_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        hash_errors = HashErrors()
+        for req in chain(requirement_set.all_requirements, discovered_reqs):
+            try:
+                discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
+            except HashError as exc:
+                exc.req = req
+                hash_errors.append(exc)
+
+        if hash_errors:
+            raise hash_errors
+
+        return requirement_set
+
+    def _add_requirement_to_set(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        install_req: InstallRequirement,
+        parent_req_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], Optional[InstallRequirement]]:
+        """Add install_req as a requirement to install.
+
+        :param parent_req_name: The name of the requirement that needed this
+            added. The name is used because when multiple unnamed requirements
+            resolve to the same name, we could otherwise end up with dependency
+            links that point outside the Requirements set. parent_req must
+            already be added. Note that None implies that this is a user
+            supplied requirement, vs an inferred one.
+        :param extras_requested: an iterable of extras used to evaluate the
+            environment markers.
+        :return: Additional requirements to scan. That is either [] if
+            the requirement is not applicable, or [install_req] if the
+            requirement is applicable and has just been added.
+        """
+        # If the markers do not match, ignore this requirement.
+        if not install_req.match_markers(extras_requested):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                install_req.name,
+                install_req.markers,
+            )
+            return [], None
+
+        # If the wheel is not supported, raise an error.
+        # Should check this after filtering out based on environment markers to
+        # allow specifying different wheels based on the environment/OS, in a
+        # single requirements file.
+        if install_req.link and install_req.link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(install_req.link.filename)
+            tags = compatibility_tags.get_supported()
+            if requirement_set.check_supported_wheels and not wheel.supported(tags):
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+                )
+
+        # This next bit is really a sanity check.
+        assert (
+            not install_req.user_supplied or parent_req_name is None
+        ), "a user supplied req shouldn't have a parent"
+
+        # Unnamed requirements are scanned again and the requirement won't be
+        # added as a dependency until after scanning.
+        if not install_req.name:
+            requirement_set.add_unnamed_requirement(install_req)
+            return [install_req], None
+
+        try:
+            existing_req: Optional[InstallRequirement] = (
+                requirement_set.get_requirement(install_req.name)
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            existing_req = None
+
+        has_conflicting_requirement = (
+            parent_req_name is None
+            and existing_req
+            and not existing_req.constraint
+            and existing_req.extras == install_req.extras
+            and existing_req.req
+            and install_req.req
+            and existing_req.req.specifier != install_req.req.specifier
+        )
+        if has_conflicting_requirement:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Double requirement given: {install_req} "
+                f"(already in {existing_req}, name={install_req.name!r})"
+            )
+
+        # When no existing requirement exists, add the requirement as a
+        # dependency and it will be scanned again after.
+        if not existing_req:
+            requirement_set.add_named_requirement(install_req)
+            # We'd want to rescan this requirement later
+            return [install_req], install_req
+
+        # Assume there's no need to scan, and that we've already
+        # encountered this for scanning.
+        if install_req.constraint or not existing_req.constraint:
+            return [], existing_req
+
+        does_not_satisfy_constraint = install_req.link and not (
+            existing_req.link and install_req.link.path == existing_req.link.path
+        )
+        if does_not_satisfy_constraint:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Could not satisfy constraints for '{install_req.name}': "
+                "installation from path or url cannot be "
+                "constrained to a version"
+            )
+        # If we're now installing a constraint, mark the existing
+        # object for real installation.
+        existing_req.constraint = False
+        # If we're now installing a user supplied requirement,
+        # mark the existing object as such.
+        if install_req.user_supplied:
+            existing_req.user_supplied = True
+        existing_req.extras = tuple(
+            sorted(set(existing_req.extras) | set(install_req.extras))
+        )
+        logger.debug(
+            "Setting %s extras to: %s",
+            existing_req,
+            existing_req.extras,
+        )
+        # Return the existing requirement for addition to the parent and
+        # scanning again.
+        return [existing_req], existing_req
+
+    def _is_upgrade_allowed(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> bool:
+        if self.upgrade_strategy == "to-satisfy-only":
+            return False
+        elif self.upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+            return True
+        else:
+            assert self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed"
+            return req.user_supplied or req.constraint
+
+    def _set_req_to_reinstall(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """
+        Set a requirement to be installed.
+        """
+        # Don't uninstall the conflict if doing a user install and the
+        # conflict is not a user install.
+        assert req.satisfied_by is not None
+        if not self.use_user_site or req.satisfied_by.in_usersite:
+            req.should_reinstall = True
+        req.satisfied_by = None
+
+    def _check_skip_installed(
+        self, req_to_install: InstallRequirement
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if req_to_install should be skipped.
+
+        This will check if the req is installed, and whether we should upgrade
+        or reinstall it, taking into account all the relevant user options.
+
+        After calling this req_to_install will only have satisfied_by set to
+        None if the req_to_install is to be upgraded/reinstalled etc. Any
+        other value will be a dist recording the current thing installed that
+        satisfies the requirement.
+
+        Note that for vcs urls and the like we can't assess skipping in this
+        routine - we simply identify that we need to pull the thing down,
+        then later on it is pulled down and introspected to assess upgrade/
+        reinstalls etc.
+
+        :return: A text reason for why it was skipped, or None.
+        """
+        if self.ignore_installed:
+            return None
+
+        req_to_install.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+        if not req_to_install.satisfied_by:
+            return None
+
+        if self.force_reinstall:
+            self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+            return None
+
+        if not self._is_upgrade_allowed(req_to_install):
+            if self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                return "already satisfied, skipping upgrade"
+            return "already satisfied"
+
+        # Check for the possibility of an upgrade.  For link-based
+        # requirements we have to pull the tree down and inspect to assess
+        # the version #, so it's handled way down.
+        if not req_to_install.link:
+            try:
+                self.finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=True)
+            except BestVersionAlreadyInstalled:
+                # Then the best version is installed.
+                return "already up-to-date"
+            except DistributionNotFound:
+                # No distribution found, so we squash the error.  It will
+                # be raised later when we re-try later to do the install.
+                # Why don't we just raise here?
+                pass
+
+        self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+        return None
+
+    def _find_requirement_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Optional[Link]:
+        upgrade = self._is_upgrade_allowed(req)
+        best_candidate = self.finder.find_requirement(req, upgrade)
+        if not best_candidate:
+            return None
+
+        # Log a warning per PEP 592 if necessary before returning.
+        link = best_candidate.link
+        if link.is_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            msg = (
+                # Mark this as a unicode string to prevent
+                # "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character"
+                # in Python 2 when the reason contains non-ascii characters.
+                "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                f"yanked version: {best_candidate}\n"
+                f"Reason for being yanked: {reason}"
+            )
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+        return link
+
+    def _populate_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Ensure that if a link can be found for this, that it is found.
+
+        Note that req.link may still be None - if the requirement is already
+        installed and not needed to be upgraded based on the return value of
+        _is_upgrade_allowed().
+
+        If preparer.require_hashes is True, don't use the wheel cache, because
+        cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes than the
+        files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false hash
+        mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have undeterministic
+        contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if req.link is None:
+            req.link = self._find_requirement_link(req)
+
+        if self.wheel_cache is None or self.preparer.require_hashes:
+            return
+
+        assert req.link is not None, "_find_requirement_link unexpectedly returned None"
+        cache_entry = self.wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=req.link,
+            package_name=req.name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            if req.link is req.original_link and cache_entry.persistent:
+                req.cached_wheel_source_link = req.link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                req.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    req.link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+            req.link = cache_entry.link
+
+    def _get_dist_for(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Takes a InstallRequirement and returns a single AbstractDist \
+        representing a prepared variant of the same.
+        """
+        if req.editable:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(req)
+
+        # satisfied_by is only evaluated by calling _check_skip_installed,
+        # so it must be None here.
+        assert req.satisfied_by is None
+        skip_reason = self._check_skip_installed(req)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(req, skip_reason)
+
+        # We eagerly populate the link, since that's our "legacy" behavior.
+        self._populate_link(req)
+        dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(req)
+
+        # NOTE
+        # The following portion is for determining if a certain package is
+        # going to be re-installed/upgraded or not and reporting to the user.
+        # This should probably get cleaned up in a future refactor.
+
+        # req.req is only avail after unpack for URL
+        # pkgs repeat check_if_exists to uninstall-on-upgrade
+        # (#14)
+        if not self.ignore_installed:
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            should_modify = (
+                self.upgrade_strategy != "to-satisfy-only"
+                or self.force_reinstall
+                or self.ignore_installed
+                or req.link.scheme == "file"
+            )
+            if should_modify:
+                self._set_req_to_reinstall(req)
+            else:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): %s",
+                    req,
+                )
+        return dist
+
+    def _resolve_one(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        req_to_install: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Prepare a single requirements file.
+
+        :return: A list of additional InstallRequirements to also install.
+        """
+        # Tell user what we are doing for this requirement:
+        # obtain (editable), skipping, processing (local url), collecting
+        # (remote url or package name)
+        if req_to_install.constraint or req_to_install.prepared:
+            return []
+
+        req_to_install.prepared = True
+
+        # Parse and return dependencies
+        dist = self._get_dist_for(req_to_install)
+        # This will raise UnsupportedPythonVersion if the given Python
+        # version isn't compatible with the distribution's Requires-Python.
+        _check_dist_requires_python(
+            dist,
+            version_info=self._py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        more_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+        def add_req(subreq: Requirement, extras_requested: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            # This idiosyncratically converts the Requirement to str and let
+            # make_install_req then parse it again into Requirement. But this is
+            # the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+            sub_install_req = self._make_install_req(str(subreq), req_to_install)
+            parent_req_name = req_to_install.name
+            to_scan_again, add_to_parent = self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                requirement_set,
+                sub_install_req,
+                parent_req_name=parent_req_name,
+                extras_requested=extras_requested,
+            )
+            if parent_req_name and add_to_parent:
+                self._discovered_dependencies[parent_req_name].append(add_to_parent)
+            more_reqs.extend(to_scan_again)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            # We add req_to_install before its dependencies, so that we
+            # can refer to it when adding dependencies.
+            assert req_to_install.name is not None
+            if not requirement_set.has_requirement(req_to_install.name):
+                # 'unnamed' requirements will get added here
+                # 'unnamed' requirements can only come from being directly
+                # provided by the user.
+                assert req_to_install.user_supplied
+                self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                    requirement_set, req_to_install, parent_req_name=None
+                )
+
+            if not self.ignore_dependencies:
+                if req_to_install.extras:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Installing extra requirements: %r",
+                        ",".join(req_to_install.extras),
+                    )
+                missing_requested = sorted(
+                    set(req_to_install.extras) - set(dist.iter_provided_extras())
+                )
+                for missing in missing_requested:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                        dist.raw_name,
+                        dist.version,
+                        missing,
+                    )
+
+                available_requested = sorted(
+                    set(dist.iter_provided_extras()) & set(req_to_install.extras)
+                )
+                for subreq in dist.iter_dependencies(available_requested):
+                    add_req(subreq, extras_requested=available_requested)
+
+        return more_reqs
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Create the installation order.
+
+        The installation order is topological - requirements are installed
+        before the requiring thing. We break cycles at an arbitrary point,
+        and make no other guarantees.
+        """
+        # The current implementation, which we may change at any point
+        # installs the user specified things in the order given, except when
+        # dependencies must come earlier to achieve topological order.
+        order = []
+        ordered_reqs: Set[InstallRequirement] = set()
+
+        def schedule(req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+            if req.satisfied_by or req in ordered_reqs:
+                return
+            if req.constraint:
+                return
+            ordered_reqs.add(req)
+            for dep in self._discovered_dependencies[req.name]:
+                schedule(dep)
+            order.append(req)
+
+        for install_req in req_set.requirements.values():
+            schedule(install_req)
+        return order
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f31dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+
+CandidateLookup = Tuple[Optional["Candidate"], Optional[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def format_name(project: NormalizedName, extras: FrozenSet[NormalizedName]) -> str:
+    if not extras:
+        return project
+    extras_expr = ",".join(sorted(extras))
+    return f"{project}[{extras_expr}]"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Constraint:
+    specifier: SpecifierSet
+    hashes: Hashes
+    links: FrozenSet[Link]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def empty(cls) -> "Constraint":
+        return Constraint(SpecifierSet(), Hashes(), frozenset())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ireq(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        links = frozenset([ireq.link]) if ireq.link else frozenset()
+        return Constraint(ireq.specifier, ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False), links)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.specifier) or bool(self.hashes) or bool(self.links)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        if not isinstance(other, InstallRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        specifier = self.specifier & other.specifier
+        hashes = self.hashes & other.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        links = self.links
+        if other.link:
+            links = links.union([other.link])
+        return Constraint(specifier, hashes, links)
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        # Reject if there are any mismatched URL constraints on this package.
+        if self.links and not all(_match_link(link, candidate) for link in self.links):
+            return False
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of a requirement.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this requirement contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this requirement in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this requirement contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+
+def _match_link(link: Link, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+    if candidate.source_link:
+        return links_equivalent(link, candidate.source_link)
+    return False
+
+
+class Candidate:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of the candidate.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this candidate contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this candidate in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this candidate contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d30d477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+import logging
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    HashError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    MetadataInvalid,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement, format_name
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .factory import Factory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+BaseCandidate = Union[
+    "AlreadyInstalledCandidate",
+    "EditableCandidate",
+    "LinkCandidate",
+]
+
+# Avoid conflicting with the PyPI package "Python".
+REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER = cast(NormalizedName, "<Python from Requires-Python>")
+
+
+def as_base_candidate(candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+    """The runtime version of BaseCandidate."""
+    base_candidate_classes = (
+        AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+        EditableCandidate,
+        LinkCandidate,
+    )
+    if isinstance(candidate, base_candidate_classes):
+        return candidate
+    return None
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_link(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert not template.editable, "template is editable"
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    else:
+        line = link.url
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.original_link = template.original_link
+    ireq.link = link
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_editable(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert template.editable, "template not editable"
+    ireq = install_req_from_editable(
+        link.url,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        permit_editable_wheels=template.permit_editable_wheels,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def _make_install_req_from_dist(
+    dist: BaseDistribution, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    elif template.link:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name} @ {template.link.url}"
+    else:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name}=={dist.version}"
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.satisfied_by = dist
+    return ireq
+
+
+class _InstallRequirementBackedCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate backed by an ``InstallRequirement``.
+
+    This represents a package request with the target not being already
+    in the environment, and needs to be fetched and installed. The backing
+    ``InstallRequirement`` is responsible for most of the leg work; this
+    class exposes appropriate information to the resolver.
+
+    :param link: The link passed to the ``InstallRequirement``. The backing
+        ``InstallRequirement`` will use this link to fetch the distribution.
+    :param source_link: The link this candidate "originates" from. This is
+        different from ``link`` when the link is found in the wheel cache.
+        ``link`` would point to the wheel cache, while this points to the
+        found remote link (e.g. from pypi.org).
+    """
+
+    dist: BaseDistribution
+    is_installed = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        source_link: Link,
+        ireq: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[Version] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._link = link
+        self._source_link = source_link
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._name = name
+        self._version = version
+        self.dist = self._prepare()
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._link)!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+
+        self._hash = hash((self.__class__, self._link))
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return links_equivalent(self._link, other._link)
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._source_link
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        if self._name is None:
+            self._name = self.dist.canonical_name
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"{self.name} {self.version} "
+            f"(from {self._link.file_path if self._link.is_file else self._link})"
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def _check_metadata_consistency(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        """Check for consistency of project name and version of dist."""
+        if self._name is not None and self._name != dist.canonical_name:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "name",
+                self._name,
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+        if self._version is not None and self._version != dist.version:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "version",
+                str(self._version),
+                str(dist.version),
+            )
+        # check dependencies are valid
+        # TODO performance: this means we iterate the dependencies at least twice,
+        # we may want to cache parsed Requires-Dist
+        try:
+            list(dist.iter_dependencies(list(dist.iter_provided_extras())))
+        except InvalidRequirement as e:
+            raise MetadataInvalid(self._ireq, str(e))
+
+    def _prepare(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            dist = self._prepare_distribution()
+        except HashError as e:
+            # Provide HashError the underlying ireq that caused it. This
+            # provides context for the resulting error message to show the
+            # offending line to the user.
+            e.req = self._ireq
+            raise
+        except InstallationSubprocessError as exc:
+            # The output has been presented already, so don't duplicate it.
+            exc.context = "See above for output."
+            raise
+
+        self._check_metadata_consistency(dist)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        requires = self.dist.iter_dependencies() if with_requires else ()
+        for r in requires:
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+        yield self._factory.make_requires_python_requirement(self.dist.requires_python)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self._ireq
+
+
+class LinkCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[Version] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        source_link = link
+        cache_entry = factory.get_wheel_cache_entry(source_link, name)
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            link = cache_entry.link
+        ireq = make_install_req_from_link(link, template)
+        assert ireq.link == link
+        if ireq.link.is_wheel and not ireq.link.is_file:
+            wheel = Wheel(ireq.link.filename)
+            wheel_name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+            assert name == wheel_name, f"{name!r} != {wheel_name!r} for wheel"
+            # Version may not be present for PEP 508 direct URLs
+            if version is not None:
+                wheel_version = Version(wheel.version)
+                assert (
+                    version == wheel_version
+                ), f"{version!r} != {wheel_version!r} for wheel {name}"
+
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            assert ireq.link.is_wheel
+            assert ireq.link.is_file
+            if cache_entry.persistent and template.link is template.original_link:
+                ireq.cached_wheel_source_link = source_link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                ireq.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                ireq.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    source_link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=source_link,
+            ireq=ireq,
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        preparer = self._factory.preparer
+        return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
+
+
+class EditableCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[Version] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=link,
+            ireq=make_install_req_from_editable(link, template),
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self._factory.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(self._ireq)
+
+
+class AlreadyInstalledCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = True
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self._ireq = _make_install_req_from_dist(dist, template)
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._version = None
+
+        # This is just logging some messages, so we can do it eagerly.
+        # The returned dist would be exactly the same as self.dist because we
+        # set satisfied_by in _make_install_req_from_dist.
+        # TODO: Supply reason based on force_reinstall and upgrade_strategy.
+        skip_reason = "already satisfied"
+        factory.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(self._ireq, skip_reason)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.dist)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dist!r})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, AlreadyInstalledCandidate):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.name, self.version))
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.dist.canonical_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dist.editable
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version} (Installed)"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+        for r in self.dist.iter_dependencies():
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
+
+
+class ExtrasCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate that has 'extras', indicating additional dependencies.
+
+    Requirements can be for a project with dependencies, something like
+    foo[extra].  The extras don't affect the project/version being installed
+    directly, but indicate that we need additional dependencies. We model that
+    by having an artificial ExtrasCandidate that wraps the "base" candidate.
+
+    The ExtrasCandidate differs from the base in the following ways:
+
+    1. It has a unique name, of the form foo[extra]. This causes the resolver
+       to treat it as a separate node in the dependency graph.
+    2. When we're getting the candidate's dependencies,
+       a) We specify that we want the extra dependencies as well.
+       b) We add a dependency on the base candidate.
+          See below for why this is needed.
+    3. We return None for the underlying InstallRequirement, as the base
+       candidate will provide it, and we don't want to end up with duplicates.
+
+    The dependency on the base candidate is needed so that the resolver can't
+    decide that it should recommend foo[extra1] version 1.0 and foo[extra2]
+    version 2.0. Having those candidates depend on foo=1.0 and foo=2.0
+    respectively forces the resolver to recognise that this is a conflict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param comes_from: the InstallRequirement that led to this candidate if it
+            differs from the base's InstallRequirement. This will often be the
+            case in the sense that this candidate's requirement has the extras
+            while the base's does not. Unlike the InstallRequirement backed
+            candidates, this requirement is used solely for reporting purposes,
+            it does not do any leg work.
+        """
+        self.base = base
+        self.extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras)
+        self._comes_from = comes_from if comes_from is not None else self.base._ireq
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        name, rest = str(self.base).split(" ", 1)
+        return "{}[{}] {}".format(name, ",".join(self.extras), rest)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(base={self.base!r}, extras={self.extras!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.base, self.extras))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return self.base == other.base and self.extras == other.extras
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.base.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        return format_name(self.base.project_name, self.extras)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        return self.base.version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return "{} [{}]".format(
+            self.base.format_for_error(), ", ".join(sorted(self.extras))
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_installed
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_editable
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self.base.source_link
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        factory = self.base._factory
+
+        # Add a dependency on the exact base
+        # (See note 2b in the class docstring)
+        yield factory.make_requirement_from_candidate(self.base)
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+
+        # The user may have specified extras that the candidate doesn't
+        # support. We ignore any unsupported extras here.
+        valid_extras = self.extras.intersection(self.base.dist.iter_provided_extras())
+        invalid_extras = self.extras.difference(self.base.dist.iter_provided_extras())
+        for extra in sorted(invalid_extras):
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                self.base.name,
+                self.version,
+                extra,
+            )
+
+        for r in self.base.dist.iter_dependencies(valid_extras):
+            yield from factory.make_requirements_from_spec(
+                str(r),
+                self._comes_from,
+                valid_extras,
+            )
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        # We don't return anything here, because we always
+        # depend on the base candidate, and we'll get the
+        # install requirement from that.
+        return None
+
+
+class RequiresPythonCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = False
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(self, py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
+        if py_version_info is not None:
+            version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+        else:
+            version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        self._version = Version(".".join(str(c) for c in version_info))
+
+    # We don't need to implement __eq__() and __ne__() since there is always
+    # only one RequiresPythonCandidate in a resolution, i.e. the host Python.
+    # The built-in object.__eq__() and object.__ne__() do exactly what we want.
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self._version}"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> Version:
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.version}"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        return ()
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..145bdbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import ResolutionImpossible
+
+from pip._internal.cache import CacheEntry, WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    MetadataInvalid,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_drop_extras,
+    install_req_from_link_and_ireq,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import Candidate, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import (
+    AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+    BaseCandidate,
+    EditableCandidate,
+    ExtrasCandidate,
+    LinkCandidate,
+    RequiresPythonCandidate,
+    as_base_candidate,
+)
+from .found_candidates import FoundCandidates, IndexCandidateInfo
+from .requirements import (
+    ExplicitRequirement,
+    RequiresPythonRequirement,
+    SpecifierRequirement,
+    SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement,
+    UnsatisfiableRequirement,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class ConflictCause(Protocol):
+        requirement: RequiresPythonRequirement
+        parent: Candidate
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+C = TypeVar("C")
+Cache = Dict[Link, C]
+
+
+class CollectedRootRequirements(NamedTuple):
+    requirements: List[Requirement]
+    constraints: Dict[str, Constraint]
+    user_requested: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+class Factory:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._finder = finder
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self._wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+        self._python_candidate = RequiresPythonCandidate(py_version_info)
+        self._make_install_req_from_spec = make_install_req
+        self._use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+
+        self._build_failures: Cache[InstallationError] = {}
+        self._link_candidate_cache: Cache[LinkCandidate] = {}
+        self._editable_candidate_cache: Cache[EditableCandidate] = {}
+        self._installed_candidate_cache: Dict[str, AlreadyInstalledCandidate] = {}
+        self._extras_candidate_cache: Dict[
+            Tuple[int, FrozenSet[NormalizedName]], ExtrasCandidate
+        ] = {}
+        self._supported_tags_cache = get_supported()
+
+        if not ignore_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            self._installed_dists = {
+                dist.canonical_name: dist
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False)
+            }
+        else:
+            self._installed_dists = {}
+
+    @property
+    def force_reinstall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._force_reinstall
+
+    def _fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(self, link: Link) -> None:
+        if not link.is_wheel:
+            return
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        if wheel.supported(self._finder.target_python.get_unsorted_tags()):
+            return
+        msg = f"{link.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+
+    def _make_extras_candidate(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> ExtrasCandidate:
+        cache_key = (id(base), frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras))
+        try:
+            candidate = self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key]
+        except KeyError:
+            candidate = ExtrasCandidate(base, extras, comes_from=comes_from)
+            self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key] = candidate
+        return candidate
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_dist(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Candidate:
+        try:
+            base = self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            base = AlreadyInstalledCandidate(dist, template, factory=self)
+            self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name] = base
+        if not extras:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[Version],
+    ) -> Optional[Candidate]:
+        base: Optional[BaseCandidate] = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+            link, template, name, version
+        )
+        if not extras or base is None:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_base_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[Version],
+    ) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+        # TODO: Check already installed candidate, and use it if the link and
+        # editable flag match.
+
+        if link in self._build_failures:
+            # We already tried this candidate before, and it does not build.
+            # Don't bother trying again.
+            return None
+
+        if template.editable:
+            if link not in self._editable_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._editable_candidate_cache[link] = EditableCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except (MetadataInconsistent, MetadataInvalid) as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+
+            return self._editable_candidate_cache[link]
+        else:
+            if link not in self._link_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+            return self._link_candidate_cache[link]
+
+    def _iter_found_candidates(
+        self,
+        ireqs: Sequence[InstallRequirement],
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+        hashes: Hashes,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        if not ireqs:
+            return ()
+
+        # The InstallRequirement implementation requires us to give it a
+        # "template". Here we just choose the first requirement to represent
+        # all of them.
+        # Hopefully the Project model can correct this mismatch in the future.
+        template = ireqs[0]
+        assert template.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+        name = canonicalize_name(template.req.name)
+
+        extras: FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+        for ireq in ireqs:
+            assert ireq.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+            specifier &= ireq.req.specifier
+            hashes &= ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+            extras |= frozenset(ireq.extras)
+
+        def _get_installed_candidate() -> Optional[Candidate]:
+            """Get the candidate for the currently-installed version."""
+            # If --force-reinstall is set, we want the version from the index
+            # instead, so we "pretend" there is nothing installed.
+            if self._force_reinstall:
+                return None
+            try:
+                installed_dist = self._installed_dists[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                return None
+            # Don't use the installed distribution if its version does not fit
+            # the current dependency graph.
+            if not specifier.contains(installed_dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                return None
+            candidate = self._make_candidate_from_dist(
+                dist=installed_dist,
+                extras=extras,
+                template=template,
+            )
+            # The candidate is a known incompatibility. Don't use it.
+            if id(candidate) in incompatible_ids:
+                return None
+            return candidate
+
+        def iter_index_candidate_infos() -> Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]:
+            result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
+                project_name=name,
+                specifier=specifier,
+                hashes=hashes,
+            )
+            icans = list(result.iter_applicable())
+
+            # PEP 592: Yanked releases are ignored unless the specifier
+            # explicitly pins a version (via '==' or '===') that can be
+            # solely satisfied by a yanked release.
+            all_yanked = all(ican.link.is_yanked for ican in icans)
+
+            def is_pinned(specifier: SpecifierSet) -> bool:
+                for sp in specifier:
+                    if sp.operator == "===":
+                        return True
+                    if sp.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    if sp.version.endswith(".*"):
+                        continue
+                    return True
+                return False
+
+            pinned = is_pinned(specifier)
+
+            # PackageFinder returns earlier versions first, so we reverse.
+            for ican in reversed(icans):
+                if not (all_yanked and pinned) and ican.link.is_yanked:
+                    continue
+                func = functools.partial(
+                    self._make_candidate_from_link,
+                    link=ican.link,
+                    extras=extras,
+                    template=template,
+                    name=name,
+                    version=ican.version,
+                )
+                yield ican.version, func
+
+        return FoundCandidates(
+            iter_index_candidate_infos,
+            _get_installed_candidate(),
+            prefers_installed,
+            incompatible_ids,
+        )
+
+    def _iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+        self,
+        base_requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from the base given an extra-ed package.
+
+        :param base_requirements: Requirements known to the resolver. The
+            requirements are guaranteed to not have extras.
+        :param extras: The extras to inject into the explicit requirements'
+            candidates.
+        """
+        for req in base_requirements:
+            lookup_cand, _ = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if lookup_cand is None:  # Not explicit.
+                continue
+            # We've stripped extras from the identifier, and should always
+            # get a BaseCandidate here, unless there's a bug elsewhere.
+            base_cand = as_base_candidate(lookup_cand)
+            assert base_cand is not None, "no extras here"
+            yield self._make_extras_candidate(base_cand, extras)
+
+    def _iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from constraints.
+
+        This creates "fake" InstallRequirement objects that are basically clones
+        of what "should" be the template, but with original_link set to link.
+        """
+        for link in constraint.links:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(link)
+            candidate = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                link,
+                template=install_req_from_link_and_ireq(link, template),
+                name=canonicalize_name(identifier),
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if candidate:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def find_candidates(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterable[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        is_satisfied_by: Callable[[Requirement, Candidate], bool],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        # Collect basic lookup information from the requirements.
+        explicit_candidates: Set[Candidate] = set()
+        ireqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirements[identifier]:
+            cand, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if cand is not None:
+                explicit_candidates.add(cand)
+            if ireq is not None:
+                ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # If the current identifier contains extras, add requires and explicit
+        # candidates from entries from extra-less identifier.
+        with contextlib.suppress(InvalidRequirement):
+            parsed_requirement = get_requirement(identifier)
+            if parsed_requirement.name != identifier:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+                        requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, ()),
+                        frozenset(parsed_requirement.extras),
+                    ),
+                )
+                for req in requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, []):
+                    _, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+                    if ireq is not None:
+                        ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # Add explicit candidates from constraints. We only do this if there are
+        # known ireqs, which represent requirements not already explicit. If
+        # there are no ireqs, we're constraining already-explicit requirements,
+        # which is handled later when we return the explicit candidates.
+        if ireqs:
+            try:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+                        identifier,
+                        constraint,
+                        template=ireqs[0],
+                    ),
+                )
+            except UnsupportedWheel:
+                # If we're constrained to install a wheel incompatible with the
+                # target architecture, no candidates will ever be valid.
+                return ()
+
+        # Since we cache all the candidates, incompatibility identification
+        # can be made quicker by comparing only the id() values.
+        incompat_ids = {id(c) for c in incompatibilities.get(identifier, ())}
+
+        # If none of the requirements want an explicit candidate, we can ask
+        # the finder for candidates.
+        if not explicit_candidates:
+            return self._iter_found_candidates(
+                ireqs,
+                constraint.specifier,
+                constraint.hashes,
+                prefers_installed,
+                incompat_ids,
+            )
+
+        return (
+            c
+            for c in explicit_candidates
+            if id(c) not in incompat_ids
+            and constraint.is_satisfied_by(c)
+            and all(is_satisfied_by(req, c) for req in requirements[identifier])
+        )
+
+    def _make_requirements_from_install_req(
+        self, ireq: InstallRequirement, requested_extras: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given InstallRequirement. In
+        most cases this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the InstallRequirement has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the InstallRequirement has both a constraint (or link) and extras
+                -> result is split in two requirement objects: one with the constraint
+                (or link) and one with the extra. This allows centralized constraint
+                handling for the base, resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        if not ireq.match_markers(requested_extras):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                ireq.name,
+                ireq.markers,
+            )
+        elif not ireq.link:
+            if ireq.extras and ireq.req is not None and ireq.req.specifier:
+                yield SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(ireq)
+            yield SpecifierRequirement(ireq)
+        else:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(ireq.link)
+            # Always make the link candidate for the base requirement to make it
+            # available to `find_candidates` for explicit candidate lookup for any
+            # set of extras.
+            # The extras are required separately via a second requirement.
+            cand = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                ireq.link,
+                template=install_req_drop_extras(ireq) if ireq.extras else ireq,
+                name=canonicalize_name(ireq.name) if ireq.name else None,
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if cand is None:
+                # There's no way we can satisfy a URL requirement if the underlying
+                # candidate fails to build. An unnamed URL must be user-supplied, so
+                # we fail eagerly. If the URL is named, an unsatisfiable requirement
+                # can make the resolver do the right thing, either backtrack (and
+                # maybe find some other requirement that's buildable) or raise a
+                # ResolutionImpossible eventually.
+                if not ireq.name:
+                    raise self._build_failures[ireq.link]
+                yield UnsatisfiableRequirement(canonicalize_name(ireq.name))
+            else:
+                # require the base from the link
+                yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(cand)
+                if ireq.extras:
+                    # require the extras on top of the base candidate
+                    yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(
+                        self._make_extras_candidate(cand, frozenset(ireq.extras))
+                    )
+
+    def collect_root_requirements(
+        self, root_ireqs: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> CollectedRootRequirements:
+        collected = CollectedRootRequirements([], {}, {})
+        for i, ireq in enumerate(root_ireqs):
+            if ireq.constraint:
+                # Ensure we only accept valid constraints
+                problem = check_invalid_constraint_type(ireq)
+                if problem:
+                    raise InstallationError(problem)
+                if not ireq.match_markers():
+                    continue
+                assert ireq.name, "Constraint must be named"
+                name = canonicalize_name(ireq.name)
+                if name in collected.constraints:
+                    collected.constraints[name] &= ireq
+                else:
+                    collected.constraints[name] = Constraint.from_ireq(ireq)
+            else:
+                reqs = list(
+                    self._make_requirements_from_install_req(
+                        ireq,
+                        requested_extras=(),
+                    )
+                )
+                if not reqs:
+                    continue
+                template = reqs[0]
+                if ireq.user_supplied and template.name not in collected.user_requested:
+                    collected.user_requested[template.name] = i
+                collected.requirements.extend(reqs)
+        # Put requirements with extras at the end of the root requires. This does not
+        # affect resolvelib's picking preference but it does affect its initial criteria
+        # population: by putting extras at the end we enable the candidate finder to
+        # present resolvelib with a smaller set of candidates to resolvelib, already
+        # taking into account any non-transient constraints on the associated base. This
+        # means resolvelib will have fewer candidates to visit and reject.
+        # Python's list sort is stable, meaning relative order is kept for objects with
+        # the same key.
+        collected.requirements.sort(key=lambda r: r.name != r.project_name)
+        return collected
+
+    def make_requirement_from_candidate(
+        self, candidate: Candidate
+    ) -> ExplicitRequirement:
+        return ExplicitRequirement(candidate)
+
+    def make_requirements_from_spec(
+        self,
+        specifier: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement],
+        requested_extras: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given specifier. In most cases
+        this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the specifier has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the specifier has both a constraint and extras -> result is split
+                in two requirement objects: one with the constraint and one with the
+                extra. This allows centralized constraint handling for the base,
+                resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        ireq = self._make_install_req_from_spec(specifier, comes_from)
+        return self._make_requirements_from_install_req(ireq, requested_extras)
+
+    def make_requires_python_requirement(
+        self,
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+    ) -> Optional[Requirement]:
+        if self._ignore_requires_python:
+            return None
+        # Don't bother creating a dependency for an empty Requires-Python.
+        if not str(specifier):
+            return None
+        return RequiresPythonRequirement(specifier, self._python_candidate)
+
+    def get_wheel_cache_entry(
+        self, link: Link, name: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Look up the link in the wheel cache.
+
+        If ``preparer.require_hashes`` is True, don't use the wheel cache,
+        because cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes
+        than the files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false
+        hash mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have
+        nondeterministic contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if self._wheel_cache is None:
+            return None
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=name,
+            supported_tags=self._supported_tags_cache,
+        )
+
+    def get_dist_to_uninstall(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # TODO: Are there more cases this needs to return True? Editable?
+        dist = self._installed_dists.get(candidate.project_name)
+        if dist is None:  # Not installed, no uninstallation required.
+            return None
+
+        # We're installing into global site. The current installation must
+        # be uninstalled, no matter it's in global or user site, because the
+        # user site installation has precedence over global.
+        if not self._use_user_site:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site. Remove the user site installation.
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site, but the installed incompatible
+        # package is in global site. We can't uninstall that, and would let
+        # the new user installation to "shadow" it. But shadowing won't work
+        # in virtual environments, so we error out.
+        if running_under_virtualenv() and dist.in_site_packages:
+            message = (
+                f"Will not install to the user site because it will lack "
+                f"sys.path precedence to {dist.raw_name} in {dist.location}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(message)
+        return None
+
+    def _report_requires_python_error(
+        self, causes: Sequence["ConflictCause"]
+    ) -> UnsupportedPythonVersion:
+        assert causes, "Requires-Python error reported with no cause"
+
+        version = self._python_candidate.version
+
+        if len(causes) == 1:
+            specifier = str(causes[0].requirement.specifier)
+            message = (
+                f"Package {causes[0].parent.name!r} requires a different "
+                f"Python: {version} not in {specifier!r}"
+            )
+            return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+        message = f"Packages require a different Python. {version} not in:"
+        for cause in causes:
+            package = cause.parent.format_for_error()
+            specifier = str(cause.requirement.specifier)
+            message += f"\n{specifier!r} (required by {package})"
+        return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+    def _report_single_requirement_conflict(
+        self, req: Requirement, parent: Optional[Candidate]
+    ) -> DistributionNotFound:
+        if parent is None:
+            req_disp = str(req)
+        else:
+            req_disp = f"{req} (from {parent.name})"
+
+        cands = self._finder.find_all_candidates(req.project_name)
+        skipped_by_requires_python = self._finder.requires_python_skipped_reasons()
+
+        versions_set: Set[Version] = set()
+        yanked_versions_set: Set[Version] = set()
+        for c in cands:
+            is_yanked = c.link.is_yanked if c.link else False
+            if is_yanked:
+                yanked_versions_set.add(c.version)
+            else:
+                versions_set.add(c.version)
+
+        versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(versions_set)]
+        yanked_versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(yanked_versions_set)]
+
+        if yanked_versions:
+            # Saying "version X is yanked" isn't entirely accurate.
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11745#issuecomment-1402805842
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following yanked versions: %s",
+                ", ".join(yanked_versions) or "none",
+            )
+        if skipped_by_requires_python:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following versions that require a different python "
+                "version: %s",
+                "; ".join(skipped_by_requires_python) or "none",
+            )
+        logger.critical(
+            "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+            "(from versions: %s)",
+            req_disp,
+            ", ".join(versions) or "none",
+        )
+        if str(req) == "requirements.txt":
+            logger.info(
+                "HINT: You are attempting to install a package literally "
+                'named "requirements.txt" (which cannot exist). Consider '
+                "using the '-r' flag to install the packages listed in "
+                "requirements.txt"
+            )
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+    def get_installation_error(
+        self,
+        e: "ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]",
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+    ) -> InstallationError:
+        assert e.causes, "Installation error reported with no cause"
+
+        # If one of the things we can't solve is "we need Python X.Y",
+        # that is what we report.
+        requires_python_causes = [
+            cause
+            for cause in e.causes
+            if isinstance(cause.requirement, RequiresPythonRequirement)
+            and not cause.requirement.is_satisfied_by(self._python_candidate)
+        ]
+        if requires_python_causes:
+            # The comprehension above makes sure all Requirement instances are
+            # RequiresPythonRequirement, so let's cast for convenience.
+            return self._report_requires_python_error(
+                cast("Sequence[ConflictCause]", requires_python_causes),
+            )
+
+        # Otherwise, we have a set of causes which can't all be satisfied
+        # at once.
+
+        # The simplest case is when we have *one* cause that can't be
+        # satisfied. We just report that case.
+        if len(e.causes) == 1:
+            req, parent = e.causes[0]
+            if req.name not in constraints:
+                return self._report_single_requirement_conflict(req, parent)
+
+        # OK, we now have a list of requirements that can't all be
+        # satisfied at once.
+
+        # A couple of formatting helpers
+        def text_join(parts: List[str]) -> str:
+            if len(parts) == 1:
+                return parts[0]
+
+            return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+        def describe_trigger(parent: Candidate) -> str:
+            ireq = parent.get_install_requirement()
+            if not ireq or not ireq.comes_from:
+                return f"{parent.name}=={parent.version}"
+            if isinstance(ireq.comes_from, InstallRequirement):
+                return str(ireq.comes_from.name)
+            return str(ireq.comes_from)
+
+        triggers = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if parent is None:
+                # This is a root requirement, so we can report it directly
+                trigger = req.format_for_error()
+            else:
+                trigger = describe_trigger(parent)
+            triggers.add(trigger)
+
+        if triggers:
+            info = text_join(sorted(triggers))
+        else:
+            info = "the requested packages"
+
+        msg = (
+            f"Cannot install {info} because these package versions "
+            "have conflicting dependencies."
+        )
+        logger.critical(msg)
+        msg = "\nThe conflict is caused by:"
+
+        relevant_constraints = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if req.name in constraints:
+                relevant_constraints.add(req.name)
+            msg = msg + "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg = msg + f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg = msg + "The user requested "
+            msg = msg + req.format_for_error()
+        for key in relevant_constraints:
+            spec = constraints[key].specifier
+            msg += f"\n    The user requested (constraint) {key}{spec}"
+
+        msg = (
+            msg
+            + "\n\n"
+            + "To fix this you could try to:\n"
+            + "1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified\n"
+            + "2. remove package versions to allow pip to attempt to solve "
+            + "the dependency conflict\n"
+        )
+
+        logger.info(msg)
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(
+            "ResolutionImpossible: for help visit "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/topics/dependency-resolution/"
+            "#dealing-with-dependency-conflicts"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1d57e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Utilities to lazily create and visit candidates found.
+
+Creating and visiting a candidate is a *very* costly operation. It involves
+fetching, extracting, potentially building modules from source, and verifying
+distribution metadata. It is therefore crucial for performance to keep
+everything here lazy all the way down, so we only touch candidates that we
+absolutely need, and not "download the world" when we only need one version of
+something.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import MetadataInvalid
+
+from .base import Candidate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+IndexCandidateInfo = Tuple[_BaseVersion, Callable[[], Optional[Candidate]]]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence[Candidate]
+else:
+    # For compatibility: Python before 3.9 does not support using [] on the
+    # Sequence class.
+    #
+    # >>> from collections.abc import Sequence
+    # >>> Sequence[str]
+    # Traceback (most recent call last):
+    #   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    # TypeError: 'ABCMeta' object is not subscriptable
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove this block after dropping Python 3.8 support.
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence
+
+
+def _iter_built(infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the package is not already installed. Candidates
+    from index come later in their normal ordering.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        try:
+            candidate = func()
+        except MetadataInvalid as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Ignoring version %s of %s since it has invalid metadata:\n"
+                "%s\n"
+                "Please use pip<24.1 if you need to use this version.",
+                version,
+                e.ireq.name,
+                e,
+            )
+            # Mark version as found to avoid trying other candidates with the same
+            # version, since they most likely have invalid metadata as well.
+            versions_found.add(version)
+        else:
+            if candidate is None:
+                continue
+            yield candidate
+            versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_prepended(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers the already-installed
+    candidate and NOT to upgrade. The installed candidate is therefore
+    always yielded first, and candidates from index come later in their
+    normal ordering, except skipped when the version is already installed.
+    """
+    yield installed
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = {installed.version}
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_inserted(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers to upgrade an
+    already-installed package. Candidates from index are returned in their
+    normal ordering, except replaced when the version is already installed.
+
+    The implementation iterates through and yields other candidates, inserting
+    the installed candidate exactly once before we start yielding older or
+    equivalent candidates, or after all other candidates if they are all newer.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        # If the installed candidate is better, yield it first.
+        if installed.version >= version:
+            yield installed
+            versions_found.add(installed.version)
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+    # If the installed candidate is older than all other candidates.
+    if installed.version not in versions_found:
+        yield installed
+
+
+class FoundCandidates(SequenceCandidate):
+    """A lazy sequence to provide candidates to the resolver.
+
+    The intended usage is to return this from `find_matches()` so the resolver
+    can iterate through the sequence multiple times, but only access the index
+    page when remote packages are actually needed. This improve performances
+    when suitable candidates are already installed on disk.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        get_infos: Callable[[], Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]],
+        installed: Optional[Candidate],
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ):
+        self._get_infos = get_infos
+        self._installed = installed
+        self._prefers_installed = prefers_installed
+        self._incompatible_ids = incompatible_ids
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Any) -> Any:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        infos = self._get_infos()
+        if not self._installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built(infos)
+        elif self._prefers_installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_prepended(self._installed, infos)
+        else:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_inserted(self._installed, infos)
+        return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        if self._prefers_installed and self._installed:
+            return True
+        return any(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb0dd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+import collections
+import math
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import AbstractProvider
+
+from .base import Candidate, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import Preference
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import RequirementInformation
+
+    PreferenceInformation = RequirementInformation[Requirement, Candidate]
+
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+else:
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider
+
+# Notes on the relationship between the provider, the factory, and the
+# candidate and requirement classes.
+#
+# The provider is a direct implementation of the resolvelib class. Its role
+# is to deliver the API that resolvelib expects.
+#
+# Rather than work with completely abstract "requirement" and "candidate"
+# concepts as resolvelib does, pip has concrete classes implementing these two
+# ideas. The API of Requirement and Candidate objects are defined in the base
+# classes, but essentially map fairly directly to the equivalent provider
+# methods. In particular, `find_matches` and `is_satisfied_by` are
+# requirement methods, and `get_dependencies` is a candidate method.
+#
+# The factory is the interface to pip's internal mechanisms. It is stateless,
+# and is created by the resolver and held as a property of the provider. It is
+# responsible for creating Requirement and Candidate objects, and provides
+# services to those objects (access to pip's finder and preparer).
+
+
+D = TypeVar("D")
+V = TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _get_with_identifier(
+    mapping: Mapping[str, V],
+    identifier: str,
+    default: D,
+) -> Union[D, V]:
+    """Get item from a package name lookup mapping with a resolver identifier.
+
+    This extra logic is needed when the target mapping is keyed by package
+    name, which cannot be directly looked up with an identifier (which may
+    contain requested extras). Additional logic is added to also look up a value
+    by "cleaning up" the extras from the identifier.
+    """
+    if identifier in mapping:
+        return mapping[identifier]
+    # HACK: Theoretically we should check whether this identifier is a valid
+    # "NAME[EXTRAS]" format, and parse out the name part with packaging or
+    # some regular expression. But since pip's resolver only spits out three
+    # kinds of identifiers: normalized PEP 503 names, normalized names plus
+    # extras, and Requires-Python, we can cheat a bit here.
+    name, open_bracket, _ = identifier.partition("[")
+    if open_bracket and name in mapping:
+        return mapping[name]
+    return default
+
+
+class PipProvider(_ProviderBase):
+    """Pip's provider implementation for resolvelib.
+
+    :params constraints: A mapping of constraints specified by the user. Keys
+        are canonicalized project names.
+    :params ignore_dependencies: Whether the user specified ``--no-deps``.
+    :params upgrade_strategy: The user-specified upgrade strategy.
+    :params user_requested: A set of canonicalized package names that the user
+        supplied for pip to install/upgrade.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        factory: Factory,
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        user_requested: Dict[str, int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._constraints = constraints
+        self._ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self._upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._user_requested = user_requested
+        self._known_depths: Dict[str, float] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: math.inf)
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate: Union[Requirement, Candidate]) -> str:
+        return requirement_or_candidate.name
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        resolutions: Mapping[str, Candidate],
+        candidates: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        information: Mapping[str, Iterable["PreferenceInformation"]],
+        backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"],
+    ) -> "Preference":
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The lower the return value is, the more preferred this group of
+        arguments is.
+
+        Currently pip considers the following in order:
+
+        * Prefer if any of the known requirements is "direct", e.g. points to an
+          explicit URL.
+        * If equal, prefer if any requirement is "pinned", i.e. contains
+          operator ``===`` or ``==``.
+        * If equal, calculate an approximate "depth" and resolve requirements
+          closer to the user-specified requirements first. If the depth cannot
+          by determined (eg: due to no matching parents), it is considered
+          infinite.
+        * Order user-specified requirements by the order they are specified.
+        * If equal, prefers "non-free" requirements, i.e. contains at least one
+          operator, such as ``>=`` or ``<``.
+        * If equal, order alphabetically for consistency (helps debuggability).
+        """
+        try:
+            next(iter(information[identifier]))
+        except StopIteration:
+            # There is no information for this identifier, so there's no known
+            # candidates.
+            has_information = False
+        else:
+            has_information = True
+
+        if has_information:
+            lookups = (r.get_candidate_lookup() for r, _ in information[identifier])
+            candidate, ireqs = zip(*lookups)
+        else:
+            candidate, ireqs = None, ()
+
+        operators = [
+            specifier.operator
+            for specifier_set in (ireq.specifier for ireq in ireqs if ireq)
+            for specifier in specifier_set
+        ]
+
+        direct = candidate is not None
+        pinned = any(op[:2] == "==" for op in operators)
+        unfree = bool(operators)
+
+        try:
+            requested_order: Union[int, float] = self._user_requested[identifier]
+        except KeyError:
+            requested_order = math.inf
+            if has_information:
+                parent_depths = (
+                    self._known_depths[parent.name] if parent is not None else 0.0
+                    for _, parent in information[identifier]
+                )
+                inferred_depth = min(d for d in parent_depths) + 1.0
+            else:
+                inferred_depth = math.inf
+        else:
+            inferred_depth = 1.0
+        self._known_depths[identifier] = inferred_depth
+
+        requested_order = self._user_requested.get(identifier, math.inf)
+
+        # Requires-Python has only one candidate and the check is basically
+        # free, so we always do it first to avoid needless work if it fails.
+        requires_python = identifier == REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+        # Prefer the causes of backtracking on the assumption that the problem
+        # resolving the dependency tree is related to the failures that caused
+        # the backtracking
+        backtrack_cause = self.is_backtrack_cause(identifier, backtrack_causes)
+
+        return (
+            not requires_python,
+            not direct,
+            not pinned,
+            not backtrack_cause,
+            inferred_depth,
+            requested_order,
+            not unfree,
+            identifier,
+        )
+
+    def find_matches(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterator[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        def _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier: str) -> bool:
+            """Are upgrades allowed for this project?
+
+            This checks the upgrade strategy, and whether the project was one
+            that the user specified in the command line, in order to decide
+            whether we should upgrade if there's a newer version available.
+
+            (Note that we don't need access to the `--upgrade` flag, because
+            an upgrade strategy of "to-satisfy-only" means that `--upgrade`
+            was not specified).
+            """
+            if self._upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+                return True
+            elif self._upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                user_order = _get_with_identifier(
+                    self._user_requested,
+                    identifier,
+                    default=None,
+                )
+                return user_order is not None
+            return False
+
+        constraint = _get_with_identifier(
+            self._constraints,
+            identifier,
+            default=Constraint.empty(),
+        )
+        return self._factory.find_candidates(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=requirements,
+            constraint=constraint,
+            prefers_installed=(not _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier)),
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+            is_satisfied_by=self.is_satisfied_by,
+        )
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement: Requirement, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return requirement.is_satisfied_by(candidate)
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Sequence[Requirement]:
+        with_requires = not self._ignore_dependencies
+        return [r for r in candidate.iter_dependencies(with_requires) if r is not None]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_backtrack_cause(
+        identifier: str, backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"]
+    ) -> bool:
+        for backtrack_cause in backtrack_causes:
+            if identifier == backtrack_cause.requirement.name:
+                return True
+            if backtrack_cause.parent and identifier == backtrack_cause.parent.name:
+                return True
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0594569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from logging import getLogger
+from typing import Any, DefaultDict
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.reporters import BaseReporter
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipReporter(BaseReporter):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package: DefaultDict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+        self._messages_at_reject_count = {
+            1: (
+                "pip is looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            8: (
+                "pip is still looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            13: (
+                "This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide "
+                "the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce "
+                "runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for "
+                "guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C."
+            ),
+        }
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name] += 1
+
+        count = self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name]
+        if count not in self._messages_at_reject_count:
+            return
+
+        message = self._messages_at_reject_count[count]
+        logger.info("INFO: %s", message.format(package_name=candidate.name))
+
+        msg = "Will try a different candidate, due to conflict:"
+        for req_info in criterion.information:
+            req, parent = req_info.requirement, req_info.parent
+            # Inspired by Factory.get_installation_error
+            msg += "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg += f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg += "The user requested "
+            msg += req.format_for_error()
+        logger.debug(msg)
+
+
+class PipDebuggingReporter(BaseReporter):
+    """A reporter that does an info log for every event it sees."""
+
+    def starting(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting()")
+
+    def starting_round(self, index: int) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting_round(%r)", index)
+
+    def ending_round(self, index: int, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending_round(%r, state)", index)
+        logger.debug("Reporter.ending_round(%r, %r)", index, state)
+
+    def ending(self, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending(%r)", state)
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement: Requirement, parent: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.adding_requirement(%r, %r)", requirement, parent)
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.rejecting_candidate(%r, %r)", criterion, candidate)
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.pinning(%r)", candidate)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04f41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_drop_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateLookup, Requirement, format_name
+
+
+class ExplicitRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.candidate = candidate
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.candidate)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.candidate!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.candidate)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, ExplicitRequirement):
+            return False
+        return self.candidate == other.candidate
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return self.candidate.format_for_error()
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return self.candidate, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return candidate == self.candidate
+
+
+class SpecifierRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._equal_cache: Optional[str] = None
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+    @property
+    def _equal(self) -> str:
+        if self._equal_cache is not None:
+            return self._equal_cache
+
+        self._equal_cache = str(self._ireq)
+        return self._equal_cache
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._ireq.req)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._ireq.req)!r})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SpecifierRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._equal == other._equal
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+
+        self._hash = hash(self._equal)
+        return self._hash
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        return canonicalize_name(self._ireq.req.name)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return format_name(self.project_name, self._extras)
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        # Convert comma-separated specifiers into "A, B, ..., F and G"
+        # This makes the specifier a bit more "human readable", without
+        # risking a change in meaning. (Hopefully! Not all edge cases have
+        # been checked)
+        parts = [s.strip() for s in str(self).split(",")]
+        if len(parts) == 0:
+            return ""
+        elif len(parts) == 1:
+            return parts[0]
+
+        return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, self._ireq
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self.name, (
+            f"Internal issue: Candidate is not for this requirement "
+            f"{candidate.name} vs {self.name}"
+        )
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        spec = self._ireq.req.specifier
+        return spec.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(SpecifierRequirement):
+    """
+    Requirement backed by an install requirement on a base package.
+    Trims extras from its install requirement if there are any.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = install_req_drop_extras(ireq)
+        self._equal_cache: Optional[str] = None
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+    @property
+    def _equal(self) -> str:
+        if self._equal_cache is not None:
+            return self._equal_cache
+
+        self._equal_cache = str(self._ireq)
+        return self._equal_cache
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._equal == other._equal
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+
+        self._hash = hash(self._equal)
+        return self._hash
+
+
+class RequiresPythonRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement representing Requires-Python metadata."""
+
+    def __init__(self, specifier: SpecifierSet, match: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.specifier = specifier
+        self._specifier_string = str(specifier)  # for faster __eq__
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._candidate = match
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.specifier}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self.specifier)!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+
+        self._hash = hash((self._specifier_string, self._candidate))
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RequiresPythonRequirement):
+            return False
+        return (
+            self._specifier_string == other._specifier_string
+            and self._candidate == other._candidate
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        if self.specifier.contains(self._candidate.version, prereleases=True):
+            return self._candidate, None
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self._candidate.name, "Not Python candidate"
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class UnsatisfiableRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement that cannot be satisfied."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: NormalizedName) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._name} (unavailable)"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._name)!r})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, UnsatisfiableRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._name == other._name
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._name)
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c12beef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import BaseReporter, ResolutionImpossible
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import Resolver as RLResolver
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.structs import DirectedGraph
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_extend_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.provider import PipProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.reporter import (
+    PipDebuggingReporter,
+    PipReporter,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import Result as RLResult
+
+    Result = RLResult[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        self.factory = Factory(
+            finder=finder,
+            preparer=preparer,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._result: Optional[Result] = None
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        collected = self.factory.collect_root_requirements(root_reqs)
+        provider = PipProvider(
+            factory=self.factory,
+            constraints=collected.constraints,
+            ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies,
+            upgrade_strategy=self.upgrade_strategy,
+            user_requested=collected.user_requested,
+        )
+        if "PIP_RESOLVER_DEBUG" in os.environ:
+            reporter: BaseReporter = PipDebuggingReporter()
+        else:
+            reporter = PipReporter()
+        resolver: RLResolver[Requirement, Candidate, str] = RLResolver(
+            provider,
+            reporter,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be = 200000
+            result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
+                collected.requirements, max_rounds=limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be
+            )
+
+        except ResolutionImpossible as e:
+            error = self.factory.get_installation_error(
+                cast("ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]", e),
+                collected.constraints,
+            )
+            raise error from e
+
+        req_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        # process candidates with extras last to ensure their base equivalent is
+        # already in the req_set if appropriate.
+        # Python's sort is stable so using a binary key function keeps relative order
+        # within both subsets.
+        for candidate in sorted(
+            result.mapping.values(), key=lambda c: c.name != c.project_name
+        ):
+            ireq = candidate.get_install_requirement()
+            if ireq is None:
+                if candidate.name != candidate.project_name:
+                    # extend existing req's extras
+                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                        req = req_set.get_requirement(candidate.project_name)
+                        req_set.add_named_requirement(
+                            install_req_extend_extras(
+                                req, get_requirement(candidate.name).extras
+                            )
+                        )
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there is already an installation under the same name,
+            # and set a flag for later stages to uninstall it, if needed.
+            installed_dist = self.factory.get_dist_to_uninstall(candidate)
+            if installed_dist is None:
+                # There is no existing installation -- nothing to uninstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = False
+            elif self.factory.force_reinstall:
+                # The --force-reinstall flag is set -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif installed_dist.version != candidate.version:
+                # The installation is different in version -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.is_editable or installed_dist.editable:
+                # The incoming distribution is editable, or different in
+                # editable-ness to installation -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.source_link and candidate.source_link.is_file:
+                # The incoming distribution is under file://
+                if candidate.source_link.is_wheel:
+                    # is a local wheel -- do nothing.
+                    logger.info(
+                        "%s is already installed with the same version as the "
+                        "provided wheel. Use --force-reinstall to force an "
+                        "installation of the wheel.",
+                        ireq.name,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                # is a local sdist or path -- reinstall
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            else:
+                continue
+
+            link = candidate.source_link
+            if link and link.is_yanked:
+                # The reason can contain non-ASCII characters, Unicode
+                # is required for Python 2.
+                msg = (
+                    "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                    "yanked version: {name!r} candidate (version {version} "
+                    "at {link})\nReason for being yanked: {reason}"
+                ).format(
+                    name=candidate.name,
+                    version=candidate.version,
+                    link=link,
+                    reason=link.yanked_reason or "<none given>",
+                )
+                logger.warning(msg)
+
+            req_set.add_named_requirement(ireq)
+
+        reqs = req_set.all_requirements
+        self.factory.preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(reqs)
+        for req in reqs:
+            req.prepared = True
+            req.needs_more_preparation = False
+        return req_set
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Get order for installation of requirements in RequirementSet.
+
+        The returned list contains a requirement before another that depends on
+        it. This helps ensure that the environment is kept consistent as they
+        get installed one-by-one.
+
+        The current implementation creates a topological ordering of the
+        dependency graph, giving more weight to packages with less
+        or no dependencies, while breaking any cycles in the graph at
+        arbitrary points. We make no guarantees about where the cycle
+        would be broken, other than it *would* be broken.
+        """
+        assert self._result is not None, "must call resolve() first"
+
+        if not req_set.requirements:
+            # Nothing is left to install, so we do not need an order.
+            return []
+
+        graph = self._result.graph
+        weights = get_topological_weights(graph, set(req_set.requirements.keys()))
+
+        sorted_items = sorted(
+            req_set.requirements.items(),
+            key=functools.partial(_req_set_item_sorter, weights=weights),
+            reverse=True,
+        )
+        return [ireq for _, ireq in sorted_items]
+
+
+def get_topological_weights(
+    graph: "DirectedGraph[Optional[str]]", requirement_keys: Set[str]
+) -> Dict[Optional[str], int]:
+    """Assign weights to each node based on how "deep" they are.
+
+    This implementation may change at any point in the future without prior
+    notice.
+
+    We first simplify the dependency graph by pruning any leaves and giving them
+    the highest weight: a package without any dependencies should be installed
+    first. This is done again and again in the same way, giving ever less weight
+    to the newly found leaves. The loop stops when no leaves are left: all
+    remaining packages have at least one dependency left in the graph.
+
+    Then we continue with the remaining graph, by taking the length for the
+    longest path to any node from root, ignoring any paths that contain a single
+    node twice (i.e. cycles). This is done through a depth-first search through
+    the graph, while keeping track of the path to the node.
+
+    Cycles in the graph result would result in node being revisited while also
+    being on its own path. In this case, take no action. This helps ensure we
+    don't get stuck in a cycle.
+
+    When assigning weight, the longer path (i.e. larger length) is preferred.
+
+    We are only interested in the weights of packages that are in the
+    requirement_keys.
+    """
+    path: Set[Optional[str]] = set()
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int] = {}
+
+    def visit(node: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if node in path:
+            # We hit a cycle, so we'll break it here.
+            return
+
+        # Time to visit the children!
+        path.add(node)
+        for child in graph.iter_children(node):
+            visit(child)
+        path.remove(node)
+
+        if node not in requirement_keys:
+            return
+
+        last_known_parent_count = weights.get(node, 0)
+        weights[node] = max(last_known_parent_count, len(path))
+
+    # Simplify the graph, pruning leaves that have no dependencies.
+    # This is needed for large graphs (say over 200 packages) because the
+    # `visit` function is exponentially slower then, taking minutes.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10557
+    # We will loop until we explicitly break the loop.
+    while True:
+        leaves = set()
+        for key in graph:
+            if key is None:
+                continue
+            for _child in graph.iter_children(key):
+                # This means we have at least one child
+                break
+            else:
+                # No child.
+                leaves.add(key)
+        if not leaves:
+            # We are done simplifying.
+            break
+        # Calculate the weight for the leaves.
+        weight = len(graph) - 1
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            if leaf not in requirement_keys:
+                continue
+            weights[leaf] = weight
+        # Remove the leaves from the graph, making it simpler.
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            graph.remove(leaf)
+
+    # Visit the remaining graph.
+    # `None` is guaranteed to be the root node by resolvelib.
+    visit(None)
+
+    # Sanity check: all requirement keys should be in the weights,
+    # and no other keys should be in the weights.
+    difference = set(weights.keys()).difference(requirement_keys)
+    assert not difference, difference
+
+    return weights
+
+
+def _req_set_item_sorter(
+    item: Tuple[str, InstallRequirement],
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int],
+) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Key function used to sort install requirements for installation.
+
+    Based on the "weight" mapping calculated in ``get_installation_order()``.
+    The canonical package name is returned as the second member as a tie-
+    breaker to ensure the result is predictable, which is useful in tests.
+    """
+    name = canonicalize_name(item[0])
+    return weights[name], name
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9a91af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+import datetime
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os.path
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import (
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_pip,
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_python,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, check_path_owner, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_WEEK = datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_statefile_name(key: str) -> str:
+    key_bytes = key.encode()
+    name = hashlib.sha224(key_bytes).hexdigest()
+    return name
+
+
+def _convert_date(isodate: str) -> datetime.datetime:
+    """Convert an ISO format string to a date.
+
+    Handles the format 2020-01-22T14:24:01Z (trailing Z)
+    which is not supported by older versions of fromisoformat.
+    """
+    return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(isodate.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+
+
+class SelfCheckState:
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        self._state: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._statefile_path = None
+
+        # Try to load the existing state
+        if cache_dir:
+            self._statefile_path = os.path.join(
+                cache_dir, "selfcheck", _get_statefile_name(self.key)
+            )
+            try:
+                with open(self._statefile_path, encoding="utf-8") as statefile:
+                    self._state = json.load(statefile)
+            except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError):
+                # Explicitly suppressing exceptions, since we don't want to
+                # error out if the cache file is invalid.
+                pass
+
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> str:
+        return sys.prefix
+
+    def get(self, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if we have a not-outdated version loaded already."""
+        if not self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "last_check" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "pypi_version" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        # Determine if we need to refresh the state
+        last_check = _convert_date(self._state["last_check"])
+        time_since_last_check = current_time - last_check
+        if time_since_last_check > _WEEK:
+            return None
+
+        return self._state["pypi_version"]
+
+    def set(self, pypi_version: str, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> None:
+        # If we do not have a path to cache in, don't bother saving.
+        if not self._statefile_path:
+            return
+
+        # Check to make sure that we own the directory
+        if not check_path_owner(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path)):
+            return
+
+        # Now that we've ensured the directory is owned by this user, we'll go
+        # ahead and make sure that all our directories are created.
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path))
+
+        state = {
+            # Include the key so it's easy to tell which pip wrote the
+            # file.
+            "key": self.key,
+            "last_check": current_time.isoformat(),
+            "pypi_version": pypi_version,
+        }
+
+        text = json.dumps(state, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(self._statefile_path) as f:
+            f.write(text.encode())
+
+        try:
+            # Since we have a prefix-specific state file, we can just
+            # overwrite whatever is there, no need to check.
+            replace(f.name, self._statefile_path)
+        except OSError:
+            # Best effort.
+            pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UpgradePrompt:
+    old: str
+    new: str
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Group:
+        if WINDOWS:
+            pip_cmd = f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+        else:
+            pip_cmd = get_best_invocation_for_this_pip()
+
+        notice = "[bold][[reset][blue]notice[reset][bold]][reset]"
+        return Group(
+            Text(),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} A new release of pip is available: "
+                f"[red]{self.old}[reset] -> [green]{self.new}[reset]"
+            ),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} To update, run: "
+                f"[green]{escape(pip_cmd)} install --upgrade pip"
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def was_installed_by_pip(pkg: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether pkg was installed by pip
+
+    This is used not to display the upgrade message when pip is in fact
+    installed by system package manager, such as dnf on Fedora.
+    """
+    dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(pkg)
+    return dist is not None and "pip" == dist.installer
+
+
+def _get_current_remote_pip_version(
+    session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    # Lets use PackageFinder to see what the latest pip version is
+    link_collector = LinkCollector.create(
+        session,
+        options=options,
+        suppress_no_index=True,
+    )
+
+    # Pass allow_yanked=False so we don't suggest upgrading to a
+    # yanked version.
+    selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+        allow_yanked=False,
+        allow_all_prereleases=False,  # Explicitly set to False
+    )
+
+    finder = PackageFinder.create(
+        link_collector=link_collector,
+        selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+    )
+    best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate
+    if best_candidate is None:
+        return None
+
+    return str(best_candidate.version)
+
+
+def _self_version_check_logic(
+    *,
+    state: SelfCheckState,
+    current_time: datetime.datetime,
+    local_version: Version,
+    get_remote_version: Callable[[], Optional[str]],
+) -> Optional[UpgradePrompt]:
+    remote_version_str = state.get(current_time)
+    if remote_version_str is None:
+        remote_version_str = get_remote_version()
+        if remote_version_str is None:
+            logger.debug("No remote pip version found")
+            return None
+        state.set(remote_version_str, current_time)
+
+    remote_version = parse_version(remote_version_str)
+    logger.debug("Remote version of pip: %s", remote_version)
+    logger.debug("Local version of pip:  %s", local_version)
+
+    pip_installed_by_pip = was_installed_by_pip("pip")
+    logger.debug("Was pip installed by pip? %s", pip_installed_by_pip)
+    if not pip_installed_by_pip:
+        return None  # Only suggest upgrade if pip is installed by pip.
+
+    local_version_is_older = (
+        local_version < remote_version
+        and local_version.base_version != remote_version.base_version
+    )
+    if local_version_is_older:
+        return UpgradePrompt(old=str(local_version), new=remote_version_str)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def pip_self_version_check(session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values) -> None:
+    """Check for an update for pip.
+
+    Limit the frequency of checks to once per week. State is stored either in
+    the active virtualenv or in the user's USER_CACHE_DIR keyed off the prefix
+    of the pip script path.
+    """
+    installed_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("pip")
+    if not installed_dist:
+        return
+
+    upgrade_prompt = _self_version_check_logic(
+        state=SelfCheckState(cache_dir=options.cache_dir),
+        current_time=datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
+        local_version=installed_dist.version,
+        get_remote_version=functools.partial(
+            _get_current_remote_pip_version, session, options
+        ),
+    )
+    if upgrade_prompt is not None:
+        logger.warning("%s", upgrade_prompt, extra={"rich": True})
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ccf53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Functions brought over from jaraco.text.
+
+These functions are not supposed to be used within `pip._internal`. These are
+helper functions brought over from `jaraco.text` to enable vendoring newer
+copies of `pkg_resources` without having to vendor `jaraco.text` and its entire
+dependency cone; something that our vendoring setup is not currently capable of
+handling.
+
+License reproduced from original source below:
+
+Copyright Jason R. Coombs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+
+
+def _nonblank(str):
+    return str and not str.startswith("#")
+
+
+@functools.singledispatch
+def yield_lines(iterable):
+    r"""
+    Yield valid lines of a string or iterable.
+
+    >>> list(yield_lines(''))
+    []
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo', 'bar']))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('foo\nbar'))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('\nfoo\n#bar\nbaz #comment'))
+    ['foo', 'baz #comment']
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo\nbar', 'baz', 'bing\n\n\n']))
+    ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bing']
+    """
+    return itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(yield_lines, iterable))
+
+
+@yield_lines.register(str)
+def _(text):
+    return filter(_nonblank, map(str.strip, text.splitlines()))
+
+
+def drop_comment(line):
+    """
+    Drop comments.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('foo # bar')
+    'foo'
+
+    A hash without a space may be in a URL.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('http://example.com/foo#bar')
+    'http://example.com/foo#bar'
+    """
+    return line.partition(" #")[0]
+
+
+def join_continuation(lines):
+    r"""
+    Join lines continued by a trailing backslash.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar \\', 'baz']))
+    ['foobarbaz']
+
+    Not sure why, but...
+    The character preceding the backslash is also elided.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['goo\\', 'dly']))
+    ['godly']
+
+    A terrible idea, but...
+    If no line is available to continue, suppress the lines.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo', 'bar\\', 'baz\\']))
+    ['foo']
+    """
+    lines = iter(lines)
+    for item in lines:
+        while item.endswith("\\"):
+            try:
+                item = item[:-2].strip() + next(lines)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+        yield item
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c4c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Customize logging
+
+Defines custom logger class for the `logger.verbose(...)` method.
+
+init_logging() must be called before any other modules that call logging.getLogger.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+# custom log level for `--verbose` output
+# between DEBUG and INFO
+VERBOSE = 15
+
+
+class VerboseLogger(logging.Logger):
+    """Custom Logger, defining a verbose log-level
+
+    VERBOSE is between INFO and DEBUG.
+    """
+
+    def verbose(self, msg: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        return self.log(VERBOSE, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def getLogger(name: str) -> VerboseLogger:
+    """logging.getLogger, but ensures our VerboseLogger class is returned"""
+    return cast(VerboseLogger, logging.getLogger(name))
+
+
+def init_logging() -> None:
+    """Register our VerboseLogger and VERBOSE log level.
+
+    Should be called before any calls to getLogger(),
+    i.e. in pip._internal.__init__
+    """
+    logging.setLoggerClass(VerboseLogger)
+    logging.addLevelName(VERBOSE, "VERBOSE")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16933bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""
+This code wraps the vendored appdirs module to so the return values are
+compatible for the current pip code base.
+
+The intention is to rewrite current usages gradually, keeping the tests pass,
+and eventually drop this after all usages are changed.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor import platformdirs as _appdirs
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(appname: str) -> str:
+    return _appdirs.user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor=False)
+
+
+def _macos_user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    # Use ~/Application Support/pip, if the directory exists.
+    path = _appdirs.user_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        return path
+
+    # Use a Linux-like ~/.config/pip, by default.
+    linux_like_path = "~/.config/"
+    if appname:
+        linux_like_path = os.path.join(linux_like_path, appname)
+
+    return os.path.expanduser(linux_like_path)
+
+
+def user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return _macos_user_config_dir(appname, roaming)
+
+    return _appdirs.user_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+
+
+# for the discussion regarding site_config_dir locations
+# see <https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1733>
+def site_config_dirs(appname: str) -> List[str]:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return [_appdirs.site_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)]
+
+    dirval = _appdirs.site_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return [dirval]
+
+    # Unix-y system. Look in /etc as well.
+    return dirval.split(os.pathsep) + ["/etc"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b54e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Stuff that differs in different Python versions and platform
+distributions."""
+
+import importlib.resources
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import IO
+
+__all__ = ["get_path_uid", "stdlib_pkgs", "WINDOWS"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def has_tls() -> bool:
+    try:
+        import _ssl  # noqa: F401  # ignore unused
+
+        return True
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+    return IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+
+def get_path_uid(path: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Return path's uid.
+
+    Does not follow symlinks:
+        https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/935#discussion_r5307003
+
+    Placed this function in compat due to differences on AIX and
+    Jython, that should eventually go away.
+
+    :raises OSError: When path is a symlink or can't be read.
+    """
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW)
+        file_uid = os.fstat(fd).st_uid
+        os.close(fd)
+    else:  # AIX and Jython
+        # WARNING: time of check vulnerability, but best we can do w/o NOFOLLOW
+        if not os.path.islink(path):
+            # older versions of Jython don't have `os.fstat`
+            file_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid
+        else:
+            # raise OSError for parity with os.O_NOFOLLOW above
+            raise OSError(f"{path} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks")
+    return file_uid
+
+
+# The importlib.resources.open_text function was deprecated in 3.11 with suggested
+# replacement we use below.
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    open_text_resource = importlib.resources.open_text
+else:
+
+    def open_text_resource(
+        package: str, resource: str, encoding: str = "utf-8", errors: str = "strict"
+    ) -> IO[str]:
+        return (importlib.resources.files(package) / resource).open(
+            "r", encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+
+
+# packages in the stdlib that may have installation metadata, but should not be
+# considered 'installed'.  this theoretically could be determined based on
+# dist.location (py27:`sysconfig.get_paths()['stdlib']`,
+# py26:sysconfig.get_config_vars('LIBDEST')), but fear platform variation may
+# make this ineffective, so hard-coding
+stdlib_pkgs = {"python", "wsgiref", "argparse"}
+
+
+# windows detection, covers cpython and ironpython
+WINDOWS = sys.platform.startswith("win") or (sys.platform == "cli" and os.name == "nt")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ed9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""Generate and work with PEP 425 Compatibility Tags.
+"""
+
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import (
+    PythonVersion,
+    Tag,
+    compatible_tags,
+    cpython_tags,
+    generic_tags,
+    interpreter_name,
+    interpreter_version,
+    mac_platforms,
+)
+
+_osx_arch_pat = re.compile(r"(.+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(.+)")
+
+
+def version_info_to_nodot(version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> str:
+    # Only use up to the first two numbers.
+    return "".join(map(str, version_info[:2]))
+
+
+def _mac_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    match = _osx_arch_pat.match(arch)
+    if match:
+        name, major, minor, actual_arch = match.groups()
+        mac_version = (int(major), int(minor))
+        arches = [
+            # Since we have always only checked that the platform starts
+            # with "macosx", for backwards-compatibility we extract the
+            # actual prefix provided by the user in case they provided
+            # something like "macosxcustom_". It may be good to remove
+            # this as undocumented or deprecate it in the future.
+            "{}_{}".format(name, arch[len("macosx_") :])
+            for arch in mac_platforms(mac_version, actual_arch)
+        ]
+    else:
+        # arch pattern didn't match (?!)
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arches = [arch]
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch_prefix == "manylinux2014":
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels run on most manylinux2014 systems
+        # with the exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 599 states
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels should be considered
+        # manylinux2014 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux2010-wheels
+        if arch_suffix in {"i686", "x86_64"}:
+            arches.append("manylinux2010" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+            arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    elif arch_prefix == "manylinux2010":
+        # manylinux1 wheels run on most manylinux2010 systems with the
+        # exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 571 states
+        # manylinux1 wheels should be considered manylinux2010 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux1-wheels
+        arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    return arches
+
+
+def _get_custom_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch.startswith("macosx"):
+        arches = _mac_platforms(arch)
+    elif arch_prefix in ["manylinux2014", "manylinux2010"]:
+        arches = _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch)
+    else:
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms: Optional[List[str]]) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    if not platforms:
+        return None
+
+    seen = set()
+    result = []
+
+    for p in platforms:
+        if p in seen:
+            continue
+        additions = [c for c in _get_custom_platforms(p) if c not in seen]
+        seen.update(additions)
+        result.extend(additions)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_python_version(version: str) -> PythonVersion:
+    if len(version) > 1:
+        return int(version[0]), int(version[1:])
+    else:
+        return (int(version[0]),)
+
+
+def _get_custom_interpreter(
+    implementation: Optional[str] = None, version: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    if implementation is None:
+        implementation = interpreter_name()
+    if version is None:
+        version = interpreter_version()
+    return f"{implementation}{version}"
+
+
+def get_supported(
+    version: Optional[str] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    impl: Optional[str] = None,
+    abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+) -> List[Tag]:
+    """Return a list of supported tags for each version specified in
+    `versions`.
+
+    :param version: a string version, of the form "33" or "32",
+        or None. The version will be assumed to support our ABI.
+    :param platform: specify a list of platforms you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local system platform.
+    :param impl: specify the exact implementation you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter impl.
+    :param abis: specify a list of abis you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter abi.
+    """
+    supported: List[Tag] = []
+
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None
+    if version is not None:
+        python_version = _get_python_version(version)
+
+    interpreter = _get_custom_interpreter(impl, version)
+
+    platforms = _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms)
+
+    is_cpython = (impl or interpreter_name()) == "cp"
+    if is_cpython:
+        supported.extend(
+            cpython_tags(
+                python_version=python_version,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    else:
+        supported.extend(
+            generic_tags(
+                interpreter=interpreter,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    supported.extend(
+        compatible_tags(
+            python_version=python_version,
+            interpreter=interpreter,
+            platforms=platforms,
+        )
+    )
+
+    return supported
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8668b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""For when pip wants to check the date or time.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+
+def today_is_later_than(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> bool:
+    today = datetime.date.today()
+    given = datetime.date(year, month, day)
+
+    return today > given
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0911147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Optional, TextIO, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
+
+from pip import __version__ as current_version  # NOTE: tests patch this name.
+
+DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "
+
+
+class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    pass
+
+
+_original_showwarning: Any = None
+
+
+# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
+def _showwarning(
+    message: Union[Warning, str],
+    category: Type[Warning],
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    line: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if file is not None:
+        if _original_showwarning is not None:
+            _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+    elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
+        # We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
+        # deprecation messages for pip.
+        logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
+        logger.warning(message)
+    else:
+        _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+
+
+def install_warning_logger() -> None:
+    # Enable our Deprecation Warnings
+    warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)
+
+    global _original_showwarning
+
+    if _original_showwarning is None:
+        _original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
+        warnings.showwarning = _showwarning
+
+
+def deprecated(
+    *,
+    reason: str,
+    replacement: Optional[str],
+    gone_in: Optional[str],
+    feature_flag: Optional[str] = None,
+    issue: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Helper to deprecate existing functionality.
+
+    reason:
+        Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
+        been deprecated. Should be a complete sentence.
+    replacement:
+        Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
+        functionality they can use.
+    gone_in:
+        The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
+        Raises an error if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
+        this.
+    feature_flag:
+        Command-line flag of the form --use-feature={feature_flag} for testing
+        upcoming functionality.
+    issue:
+        Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
+        users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
+    """
+
+    # Determine whether or not the feature is already gone in this version.
+    is_gone = gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in)
+
+    message_parts = [
+        (reason, f"{DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX}{{}}"),
+        (
+            gone_in,
+            (
+                "pip {} will enforce this behaviour change."
+                if not is_gone
+                else "Since pip {}, this is no longer supported."
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            replacement,
+            "A possible replacement is {}.",
+        ),
+        (
+            feature_flag,
+            (
+                "You can use the flag --use-feature={} to test the upcoming behaviour."
+                if not is_gone
+                else None
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            issue,
+            "Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    message = " ".join(
+        format_str.format(value)
+        for value, format_str in message_parts
+        if format_str is not None and value is not None
+    )
+
+    # Raise as an error if this behaviour is deprecated.
+    if is_gone:
+        raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)
+
+    warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66020d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo, DirectUrl, DirInfo, VcsInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+
+def direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url: DirectUrl, name: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a DirectUrl to a pip requirement string."""
+    direct_url.validate()  # if invalid, this is a pip bug
+    requirement = name + " @ "
+    fragments = []
+    if isinstance(direct_url.info, VcsInfo):
+        requirement += (
+            f"{direct_url.info.vcs}+{direct_url.url}@{direct_url.info.commit_id}"
+        )
+    elif isinstance(direct_url.info, ArchiveInfo):
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+        if direct_url.info.hash:
+            fragments.append(direct_url.info.hash)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(direct_url.info, DirInfo)
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+    if direct_url.subdirectory:
+        fragments.append("subdirectory=" + direct_url.subdirectory)
+    if fragments:
+        requirement += "#" + "&".join(fragments)
+    return requirement
+
+
+def direct_url_for_editable(source_dir: str) -> DirectUrl:
+    return DirectUrl(
+        url=path_to_url(source_dir),
+        info=DirInfo(editable=True),
+    )
+
+
+def direct_url_from_link(
+    link: Link, source_dir: Optional[str] = None, link_is_in_wheel_cache: bool = False
+) -> DirectUrl:
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        url, requested_revision, _ = vcs_backend.get_url_rev_and_auth(
+            link.url_without_fragment
+        )
+        # For VCS links, we need to find out and add commit_id.
+        if link_is_in_wheel_cache:
+            # If the requested VCS link corresponds to a cached
+            # wheel, it means the requested revision was an
+            # immutable commit hash, otherwise it would not have
+            # been cached. In that case we don't have a source_dir
+            # with the VCS checkout.
+            assert requested_revision
+            commit_id = requested_revision
+        else:
+            # If the wheel was not in cache, it means we have
+            # had to checkout from VCS to build and we have a source_dir
+            # which we can inspect to find out the commit id.
+            assert source_dir
+            commit_id = vcs_backend.get_revision(source_dir)
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=url,
+            info=VcsInfo(
+                vcs=vcs_backend.name,
+                commit_id=commit_id,
+                requested_revision=requested_revision,
+            ),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    elif link.is_existing_dir():
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=DirInfo(),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    else:
+        hash = None
+        hash_name = link.hash_name
+        if hash_name:
+            hash = f"{hash_name}={link.hash}"
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=ArchiveInfo(hash=hash),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a384a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "egg_link_path_from_sys_path",
+    "egg_link_path_from_location",
+]
+
+
+def _egg_link_names(raw_name: str) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Convert a Name metadata value to a .egg-link name, by applying
+    the same substitution as pkg_resources's safe_name function.
+    Note: we cannot use canonicalize_name because it has a different logic.
+
+    We also look for the raw name (without normalization) as setuptools 69 changed
+    the way it names .egg-link files (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4167).
+    """
+    return [
+        re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.]+", "-", raw_name) + ".egg-link",
+        f"{raw_name}.egg-link",
+    ]
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_sys_path(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Look for a .egg-link file for project name, by walking sys.path.
+    """
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for path_item in sys.path:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
+                return egg_link
+    return None
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_location(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None.
+
+    There's 3 scenarios:
+    1) not in a virtualenv
+       try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages
+    2) in a no-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages
+    3) in a yes-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE
+       (don't look in global location)
+
+    For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2
+    locations.
+
+    This method will just return the first one found.
+    """
+    sites: List[str] = []
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+        if not virtualenv_no_global() and user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+    else:
+        if user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for site in sites:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egglink = os.path.join(site, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egglink):
+                return egglink
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008f06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import codecs
+import locale
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+BOMS: List[Tuple[bytes, str]] = [
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF8, "utf-8"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16, "utf-16"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, "utf-16-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, "utf-16-le"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32, "utf-32"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, "utf-32-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, "utf-32-le"),
+]
+
+ENCODING_RE = re.compile(rb"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+
+def auto_decode(data: bytes) -> str:
+    """Check a bytes string for a BOM to correctly detect the encoding
+
+    Fallback to locale.getpreferredencoding(False) like open() on Python3"""
+    for bom, encoding in BOMS:
+        if data.startswith(bom):
+            return data[len(bom) :].decode(encoding)
+    # Lets check the first two lines as in PEP263
+    for line in data.split(b"\n")[:2]:
+        if line[0:1] == b"#" and ENCODING_RE.search(line):
+            result = ENCODING_RE.search(line)
+            assert result is not None
+            encoding = result.groups()[0].decode("ascii")
+            return data.decode(encoding)
+    return data.decode(
+        locale.getpreferredencoding(False) or sys.getdefaultencoding(),
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1501369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import itertools
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+
+_EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+    "pip",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+]
+if WINDOWS:
+    _allowed_extensions = {"", ".exe"}
+    _EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+        "".join(parts)
+        for parts in itertools.product(_EXECUTABLE_NAMES, _allowed_extensions)
+    ]
+
+
+def _wrapper(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """Central wrapper for all old entrypoints.
+
+    Historically pip has had several entrypoints defined. Because of issues
+    arising from PATH, sys.path, multiple Pythons, their interactions, and most
+    of them having a pip installed, users suffer every time an entrypoint gets
+    moved.
+
+    To alleviate this pain, and provide a mechanism for warning users and
+    directing them to an appropriate place for help, we now define all of
+    our old entrypoints as wrappers for the current one.
+    """
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will "
+        "fail in a future version of pip.\n"
+        "Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on "
+        "fixing the underlying issue.\n"
+        "To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of "
+        "running pip directly.\n"
+    )
+    return main(args)
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_pip() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke pip in the current environment."""
+    binary_directory = "Scripts" if WINDOWS else "bin"
+    binary_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, binary_directory)
+
+    # Try to use pip[X[.Y]] names, if those executables for this environment are
+    # the first on PATH with that name.
+    path_parts = os.path.normcase(os.environ.get("PATH", "")).split(os.pathsep)
+    exe_are_in_PATH = os.path.normcase(binary_prefix) in path_parts
+    if exe_are_in_PATH:
+        for exe_name in _EXECUTABLE_NAMES:
+            found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+            binary_executable = os.path.join(binary_prefix, exe_name)
+            if (
+                found_executable
+                and os.path.exists(binary_executable)
+                and os.path.samefile(
+                    found_executable,
+                    binary_executable,
+                )
+            ):
+                return exe_name
+
+    # Use the `-m` invocation, if there's no "nice" invocation.
+    return f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_python() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke the current Python."""
+    exe = sys.executable
+    exe_name = os.path.basename(exe)
+
+    # Try to use the basename, if it's the first executable.
+    found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+    if found_executable and os.path.samefile(found_executable, exe):
+        return exe_name
+
+    # Use the full executable name, because we couldn't find something simpler.
+    return exe
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22e356c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import fnmatch
+import os
+import os.path
+import random
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Generator, List, Union, cast
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import get_path_uid
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size
+from pip._internal.utils.retry import retry
+
+
+def check_path_owner(path: str) -> bool:
+    # If we don't have a way to check the effective uid of this process, then
+    # we'll just assume that we own the directory.
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or not hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
+        return True
+
+    assert os.path.isabs(path)
+
+    previous = None
+    while path != previous:
+        if os.path.lexists(path):
+            # Check if path is writable by current user.
+            if os.geteuid() == 0:
+                # Special handling for root user in order to handle properly
+                # cases where users use sudo without -H flag.
+                try:
+                    path_uid = get_path_uid(path)
+                except OSError:
+                    return False
+                return path_uid == 0
+            else:
+                return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+        else:
+            previous, path = path, os.path.dirname(path)
+    return False  # assume we don't own the path
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def adjacent_tmp_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+    """Return a file-like object pointing to a tmp file next to path.
+
+    The file is created securely and is ensured to be written to disk
+    after the context reaches its end.
+
+    kwargs will be passed to tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile to control
+    the way the temporary file will be opened.
+    """
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(
+        delete=False,
+        dir=os.path.dirname(path),
+        prefix=os.path.basename(path),
+        suffix=".tmp",
+        **kwargs,
+    ) as f:
+        result = cast(BinaryIO, f)
+        try:
+            yield result
+        finally:
+            result.flush()
+            os.fsync(result.fileno())
+
+
+replace = retry(stop_after_delay=1, wait=0.25)(os.replace)
+
+
+# test_writable_dir and _test_writable_dir_win are copied from Flit,
+# with the author's agreement to also place them under pip's license.
+def test_writable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a directory is writable.
+
+    Uses os.access() on POSIX, tries creating files on Windows.
+    """
+    # If the directory doesn't exist, find the closest parent that does.
+    while not os.path.isdir(path):
+        parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+        if parent == path:
+            break  # Should never get here, but infinite loops are bad
+        path = parent
+
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+
+    return _test_writable_dir_win(path)
+
+
+def _test_writable_dir_win(path: str) -> bool:
+    # os.access doesn't work on Windows: http://bugs.python.org/issue2528
+    # and we can't use tempfile: http://bugs.python.org/issue22107
+    basename = "accesstest_deleteme_fishfingers_custard_"
+    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+    for _ in range(10):
+        name = basename + "".join(random.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(6))
+        file = os.path.join(path, name)
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(file, os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+        except PermissionError:
+            # This could be because there's a directory with the same name.
+            # But it's highly unlikely there's a directory called that,
+            # so we'll assume it's because the parent dir is not writable.
+            # This could as well be because the parent dir is not readable,
+            # due to non-privileged user access.
+            return False
+        else:
+            os.close(fd)
+            os.unlink(file)
+            return True
+
+    # This should never be reached
+    raise OSError("Unexpected condition testing for writable directory")
+
+
+def find_files(path: str, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Returns a list of absolute paths of files beneath path, recursively,
+    with filenames which match the UNIX-style shell glob pattern."""
+    result: List[str] = []
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(path):
+        matches = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
+        result.extend(os.path.join(root, f) for f in matches)
+    return result
+
+
+def file_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    # If it's a symlink, return 0.
+    if os.path.islink(path):
+        return 0
+    return os.path.getsize(path)
+
+
+def format_file_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(file_size(path))
+
+
+def directory_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    size = 0.0
+    for root, _dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+        for filename in files:
+            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            size += file_size(file_path)
+    return size
+
+
+def format_directory_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(directory_size(path))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5948570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Filetype information.
+"""
+
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import splitext
+
+WHEEL_EXTENSION = ".whl"
+BZ2_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.bz2", ".tbz")
+XZ_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (
+    ".tar.xz",
+    ".txz",
+    ".tlz",
+    ".tar.lz",
+    ".tar.lzma",
+)
+ZIP_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".zip", WHEEL_EXTENSION)
+TAR_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.gz", ".tgz", ".tar")
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS
+
+
+def is_archive_file(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if `name` is a considered as an archive file."""
+    ext = splitext(name)[1].lower()
+    if ext in ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..998868f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def glibc_version_string() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."
+    return glibc_version_string_confstr() or glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr."
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module:
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c9d0921ff3d70e1127ca1b71/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return None
+    try:
+        gnu_libc_version = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        if gnu_libc_version is None:
+            return None
+        # os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17":
+        _, version = gnu_libc_version.split()
+    except (AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes."
+
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    #
+    # We must also handle the special case where the executable is not a
+    # dynamically linked executable. This can occur when using musl libc,
+    # for example. In this situation, dlopen() will error, leading to an
+    # OSError. Interestingly, at least in the case of musl, there is no
+    # errno set on the OSError. The single string argument used to construct
+    # OSError comes from libc itself and is therefore not portable to
+    # hard code here. In any case, failure to call dlopen() means we
+    # can't proceed, so we bail on our attempt.
+    try:
+        process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str: str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+# platform.libc_ver regularly returns completely nonsensical glibc
+# versions. E.g. on my computer, platform says:
+#
+#   ~$ python2.7 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.7')
+#   ~$ python3.5 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.9')
+#
+# But the truth is:
+#
+#   ~$ ldd --version
+#   ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.22-11) 2.22
+#
+# This is unfortunate, because it means that the linehaul data on libc
+# versions that was generated by pip 8.1.2 and earlier is useless and
+# misleading. Solution: instead of using platform, use our code that actually
+# works.
+def libc_ver() -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Try to determine the glibc version
+
+    Returns a tuple of strings (lib, version) which default to empty strings
+    in case the lookup fails.
+    """
+    glibc_version = glibc_version_string()
+    if glibc_version is None:
+        return ("", "")
+    else:
+        return ("glibc", glibc_version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..535e94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import hashlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, Dict, Iterable, List, NoReturn, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import HashMismatch, HashMissing, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+
+# The recommended hash algo of the moment. Change this whenever the state of
+# the art changes; it won't hurt backward compatibility.
+FAVORITE_HASH = "sha256"
+
+
+# Names of hashlib algorithms allowed by the --hash option and ``pip hash``
+# Currently, those are the ones at least as collision-resistant as sha256.
+STRONG_HASHES = ["sha256", "sha384", "sha512"]
+
+
+class Hashes:
+    """A wrapper that builds multiple hashes at once and checks them against
+    known-good values
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hashes: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        :param hashes: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        """
+        allowed = {}
+        if hashes is not None:
+            for alg, keys in hashes.items():
+                # Make sure values are always sorted (to ease equality checks)
+                allowed[alg] = [k.lower() for k in sorted(keys)]
+        self._allowed = allowed
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "Hashes") -> "Hashes":
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        # If either of the Hashes object is entirely empty (i.e. no hash
+        # specified at all), all hashes from the other object are allowed.
+        if not other:
+            return self
+        if not self:
+            return other
+
+        # Otherwise only hashes that present in both objects are allowed.
+        new = {}
+        for alg, values in other._allowed.items():
+            if alg not in self._allowed:
+                continue
+            new[alg] = [v for v in values if v in self._allowed[alg]]
+        return Hashes(new)
+
+    @property
+    def digest_count(self) -> int:
+        return sum(len(digests) for digests in self._allowed.values())
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hash_name: str, hex_digest: str) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the given hex digest is allowed."""
+        return hex_digest in self._allowed.get(hash_name, [])
+
+    def check_against_chunks(self, chunks: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against ones built from iterable of chunks of
+        data.
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        gots = {}
+        for hash_name in self._allowed.keys():
+            try:
+                gots[hash_name] = hashlib.new(hash_name)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                raise InstallationError(f"Unknown hash name: {hash_name}")
+
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            for hash in gots.values():
+                hash.update(chunk)
+
+        for hash_name, got in gots.items():
+            if got.hexdigest() in self._allowed[hash_name]:
+                return
+        self._raise(gots)
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMismatch(self._allowed, gots)
+
+    def check_against_file(self, file: BinaryIO) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against a file-like object
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        return self.check_against_chunks(read_chunks(file))
+
+    def check_against_path(self, path: str) -> None:
+        with open(path, "rb") as file:
+            return self.check_against_file(file)
+
+    def has_one_of(self, hashes: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any of the given hashes are allowed."""
+        for hash_name, hex_digest in hashes.items():
+            if self.is_hash_allowed(hash_name, hex_digest):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I know any known-good hashes."""
+        return bool(self._allowed)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._allowed == other._allowed
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            ",".join(
+                sorted(
+                    ":".join((alg, digest))
+                    for alg, digest_list in self._allowed.items()
+                    for digest in digest_list
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class MissingHashes(Hashes):
+    """A workalike for Hashes used when we're missing a hash for a requirement
+
+    It computes the actual hash of the requirement and raises a HashMissing
+    exception showing it to the user.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Don't offer the ``hashes`` kwarg."""
+        # Pass our favorite hash in to generate a "gotten hash". With the
+        # empty list, it will never match, so an error will always raise.
+        super().__init__(hashes={FAVORITE_HASH: []})
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMissing(gots[FAVORITE_HASH].hexdigest())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41f6eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import logging
+import logging.handlers
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+from logging import Filter
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generator, List, Optional, TextIO, Type
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import (
+    Console,
+    ConsoleOptions,
+    ConsoleRenderable,
+    RenderableType,
+    RenderResult,
+    RichCast,
+)
+from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import NullHighlighter
+from pip._vendor.rich.logging import RichHandler
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE, getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_log_state = threading.local()
+subprocess_logger = getLogger("pip.subprocessor")
+
+
+class BrokenStdoutLoggingError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised if BrokenPipeError occurs for the stdout stream while logging.
+    """
+
+
+def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class: Type[BaseException], exc: BaseException) -> bool:
+    if exc_class is BrokenPipeError:
+        return True
+
+    # On Windows, a broken pipe can show up as EINVAL rather than EPIPE:
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue19612
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue30418
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return False
+
+    return isinstance(exc, OSError) and exc.errno in (errno.EINVAL, errno.EPIPE)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def indent_log(num: int = 2) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """
+    A context manager which will cause the log output to be indented for any
+    log messages emitted inside it.
+    """
+    # For thread-safety
+    _log_state.indentation = get_indentation()
+    _log_state.indentation += num
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _log_state.indentation -= num
+
+
+def get_indentation() -> int:
+    return getattr(_log_state, "indentation", 0)
+
+
+class IndentingFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    default_time_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        add_timestamp: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A logging.Formatter that obeys the indent_log() context manager.
+
+        :param add_timestamp: A bool indicating output lines should be prefixed
+            with their record's timestamp.
+        """
+        self.add_timestamp = add_timestamp
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_message_start(self, formatted: str, levelno: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the start of the formatted log message (not counting the
+        prefix to add to each line).
+        """
+        if levelno < logging.WARNING:
+            return ""
+        if formatted.startswith(DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX):
+            # Then the message already has a prefix.  We don't want it to
+            # look like "WARNING: DEPRECATION: ...."
+            return ""
+        if levelno < logging.ERROR:
+            return "WARNING: "
+
+        return "ERROR: "
+
+    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        """
+        Calls the standard formatter, but will indent all of the log message
+        lines by our current indentation level.
+        """
+        formatted = super().format(record)
+        message_start = self.get_message_start(formatted, record.levelno)
+        formatted = message_start + formatted
+
+        prefix = ""
+        if self.add_timestamp:
+            prefix = f"{self.formatTime(record)} "
+        prefix += " " * get_indentation()
+        formatted = "".join([prefix + line for line in formatted.splitlines(True)])
+        return formatted
+
+
+@dataclass
+class IndentedRenderable:
+    renderable: RenderableType
+    indent: int
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        lines = Segment.split_lines(segments)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield Segment(" " * self.indent)
+            yield from line
+            yield Segment("\n")
+
+
+class RichPipStreamHandler(RichHandler):
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = []
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Optional[TextIO], no_color: bool) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            console=Console(file=stream, no_color=no_color, soft_wrap=True),
+            show_time=False,
+            show_level=False,
+            show_path=False,
+            highlighter=NullHighlighter(),
+        )
+
+    # Our custom override on Rich's logger, to make things work as we need them to.
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        style: Optional[Style] = None
+
+        # If we are given a diagnostic error to present, present it with indentation.
+        if getattr(record, "rich", False):
+            assert isinstance(record.args, tuple)
+            (rich_renderable,) = record.args
+            assert isinstance(
+                rich_renderable, (ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str)
+            ), f"{rich_renderable} is not rich-console-renderable"
+
+            renderable: RenderableType = IndentedRenderable(
+                rich_renderable, indent=get_indentation()
+            )
+        else:
+            message = self.format(record)
+            renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+            if record.levelno is not None:
+                if record.levelno >= logging.ERROR:
+                    style = Style(color="red")
+                elif record.levelno >= logging.WARNING:
+                    style = Style(color="yellow")
+
+        try:
+            self.console.print(renderable, overflow="ignore", crop=False, style=style)
+        except Exception:
+            self.handleError(record)
+
+    def handleError(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Called when logging is unable to log some output."""
+
+        exc_class, exc = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+        # If a broken pipe occurred while calling write() or flush() on the
+        # stdout stream in logging's Handler.emit(), then raise our special
+        # exception so we can handle it in main() instead of logging the
+        # broken pipe error and continuing.
+        if (
+            exc_class
+            and exc
+            and self.console.file is sys.stdout
+            and _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc)
+        ):
+            raise BrokenStdoutLoggingError()
+
+        return super().handleError(record)
+
+
+class BetterRotatingFileHandler(logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler):
+    def _open(self) -> TextIOWrapper:
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self.baseFilename))
+        return super()._open()
+
+
+class MaxLevelFilter(Filter):
+    def __init__(self, level: int) -> None:
+        self.level = level
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        return record.levelno < self.level
+
+
+class ExcludeLoggerFilter(Filter):
+    """
+    A logging Filter that excludes records from a logger (or its children).
+    """
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        # The base Filter class allows only records from a logger (or its
+        # children).
+        return not super().filter(record)
+
+
+def setup_logging(verbosity: int, no_color: bool, user_log_file: Optional[str]) -> int:
+    """Configures and sets up all of the logging
+
+    Returns the requested logging level, as its integer value.
+    """
+
+    # Determine the level to be logging at.
+    if verbosity >= 2:
+        level_number = logging.DEBUG
+    elif verbosity == 1:
+        level_number = VERBOSE
+    elif verbosity == -1:
+        level_number = logging.WARNING
+    elif verbosity == -2:
+        level_number = logging.ERROR
+    elif verbosity <= -3:
+        level_number = logging.CRITICAL
+    else:
+        level_number = logging.INFO
+
+    level = logging.getLevelName(level_number)
+
+    # The "root" logger should match the "console" level *unless* we also need
+    # to log to a user log file.
+    include_user_log = user_log_file is not None
+    if include_user_log:
+        additional_log_file = user_log_file
+        root_level = "DEBUG"
+    else:
+        additional_log_file = "/dev/null"
+        root_level = level
+
+    # Disable any logging besides WARNING unless we have DEBUG level logging
+    # enabled for vendored libraries.
+    vendored_log_level = "WARNING" if level in ["INFO", "ERROR"] else "DEBUG"
+
+    # Shorthands for clarity
+    log_streams = {
+        "stdout": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        "stderr": "ext://sys.stderr",
+    }
+    handler_classes = {
+        "stream": "pip._internal.utils.logging.RichPipStreamHandler",
+        "file": "pip._internal.utils.logging.BetterRotatingFileHandler",
+    }
+    handlers = ["console", "console_errors", "console_subprocess"] + (
+        ["user_log"] if include_user_log else []
+    )
+
+    logging.config.dictConfig(
+        {
+            "version": 1,
+            "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+            "filters": {
+                "exclude_warnings": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.MaxLevelFilter",
+                    "level": logging.WARNING,
+                },
+                "restrict_to_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "logging.Filter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+                "exclude_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.ExcludeLoggerFilter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+            },
+            "formatters": {
+                "indent": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                },
+                "indent_with_timestamp": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                    "add_timestamp": True,
+                },
+            },
+            "handlers": {
+                "console": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stdout"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess", "exclude_warnings"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "console_errors": {
+                    "level": "WARNING",
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                # A handler responsible for logging to the console messages
+                # from the "subprocessor" logger.
+                "console_subprocess": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "filters": ["restrict_to_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "user_log": {
+                    "level": "DEBUG",
+                    "class": handler_classes["file"],
+                    "filename": additional_log_file,
+                    "encoding": "utf-8",
+                    "delay": True,
+                    "formatter": "indent_with_timestamp",
+                },
+            },
+            "root": {
+                "level": root_level,
+                "handlers": handlers,
+            },
+            "loggers": {"pip._vendor": {"level": vendored_log_level}},
+        }
+    )
+
+    return level_number
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3707e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+import errno
+import getpass
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from io import StringIO
+from itertools import filterfalse, tee, zip_longest
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, ExternallyManagedEnvironment
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.retry import retry
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = [
+    "rmtree",
+    "display_path",
+    "backup_dir",
+    "ask",
+    "splitext",
+    "format_size",
+    "is_installable_dir",
+    "normalize_path",
+    "renames",
+    "get_prog",
+    "ensure_dir",
+    "remove_auth_from_url",
+    "check_externally_managed",
+    "ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+ExcInfo = Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+VersionInfo = Tuple[int, int, int]
+NetlocTuple = Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]
+OnExc = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, BaseException], Any]
+OnErr = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, ExcInfo], Any]
+
+FILE_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 1024
+
+
+def get_pip_version() -> str:
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..")
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.abspath(pip_pkg_dir)
+
+    return f"pip {__version__} from {pip_pkg_dir} (python {get_major_minor_version()})"
+
+
+def normalize_version_info(py_version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a tuple of ints representing a Python version to one of length
+    three.
+
+    :param py_version_info: a tuple of ints representing a Python version,
+        or None to specify no version. The tuple can have any length.
+
+    :return: a tuple of length three if `py_version_info` is non-None.
+        Otherwise, return `py_version_info` unchanged (i.e. None).
+    """
+    if len(py_version_info) < 3:
+        py_version_info += (3 - len(py_version_info)) * (0,)
+    elif len(py_version_info) > 3:
+        py_version_info = py_version_info[:3]
+
+    return cast("VersionInfo", py_version_info)
+
+
+def ensure_dir(path: str) -> None:
+    """os.path.makedirs without EEXIST."""
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(path)
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Windows can raise spurious ENOTEMPTY errors. See #6426.
+        if e.errno != errno.EEXIST and e.errno != errno.ENOTEMPTY:
+            raise
+
+
+def get_prog() -> str:
+    try:
+        prog = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
+        if prog in ("__main__.py", "-c"):
+            return f"{sys.executable} -m pip"
+        else:
+            return prog
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
+        pass
+    return "pip"
+
+
+# Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds
+@retry(stop_after_delay=3, wait=0.5)
+def rmtree(
+    dir: str, ignore_errors: bool = False, onexc: Optional[OnExc] = None
+) -> None:
+    if ignore_errors:
+        onexc = _onerror_ignore
+    if onexc is None:
+        onexc = _onerror_reraise
+    handler: OnErr = partial(
+        # `[func, path, Union[ExcInfo, BaseException]] -> Any` is equivalent to
+        # `Union[([func, path, ExcInfo] -> Any), ([func, path, BaseException] -> Any)]`.
+        cast(Union[OnExc, OnErr], rmtree_errorhandler),
+        onexc=onexc,
+    )
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3.12/whatsnew/3.12.html#shutil.
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onexc=handler)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onerror=handler)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def _onerror_ignore(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def _onerror_reraise(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    raise  # noqa: PLE0704 - Bare exception used to reraise existing exception
+
+
+def rmtree_errorhandler(
+    func: FunctionType,
+    path: Path,
+    exc_info: Union[ExcInfo, BaseException],
+    *,
+    onexc: OnExc = _onerror_reraise,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    `rmtree` error handler to 'force' a file remove (i.e. like `rm -f`).
+
+    * If a file is readonly then it's write flag is set and operation is
+      retried.
+
+    * `onerror` is the original callback from `rmtree(... onerror=onerror)`
+      that is chained at the end if the "rm -f" still fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        st_mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        # it's equivalent to os.path.exists
+        return
+
+    if not st_mode & stat.S_IWRITE:
+        # convert to read/write
+        try:
+            os.chmod(path, st_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # use the original function to repeat the operation
+            try:
+                func(path)
+                return
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    if not isinstance(exc_info, BaseException):
+        _, exc_info, _ = exc_info
+    onexc(func, path, exc_info)
+
+
+def display_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd
+    if possible."""
+    path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep):
+        path = "." + path[len(os.getcwd()) :]
+    return path
+
+
+def backup_dir(dir: str, ext: str = ".bak") -> str:
+    """Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to
+    (adding .bak, .bak2, etc)"""
+    n = 1
+    extension = ext
+    while os.path.exists(dir + extension):
+        n += 1
+        extension = ext + str(n)
+    return dir + extension
+
+
+def ask_path_exists(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    for action in os.environ.get("PIP_EXISTS_ACTION", "").split():
+        if action in options:
+            return action
+    return ask(message, options)
+
+
+def _check_no_input(message: str) -> None:
+    """Raise an error if no input is allowed."""
+    if os.environ.get("PIP_NO_INPUT"):
+        raise Exception(
+            f"No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {message}"
+        )
+
+
+def ask(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    """Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses"""
+    while 1:
+        _check_no_input(message)
+        response = input(message)
+        response = response.strip().lower()
+        if response not in options:
+            print(
+                "Your response ({!r}) was not one of the expected responses: "
+                "{}".format(response, ", ".join(options))
+            )
+        else:
+            return response
+
+
+def ask_input(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for input interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return input(message)
+
+
+def ask_password(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for a password interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return getpass.getpass(message)
+
+
+def strtobool(val: str) -> int:
+    """Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0).
+
+    True values are 'y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on', and '1'; false values
+    are 'n', 'no', 'f', 'false', 'off', and '0'.  Raises ValueError if
+    'val' is anything else.
+    """
+    val = val.lower()
+    if val in ("y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"):
+        return 1
+    elif val in ("n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "0"):
+        return 0
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid truth value {val!r}")
+
+
+def format_size(bytes: float) -> str:
+    if bytes > 1000 * 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0 / 1000:.1f} MB"
+    elif bytes > 10 * 1000:
+        return f"{int(bytes / 1000)} kB"
+    elif bytes > 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0:.1f} kB"
+    else:
+        return f"{int(bytes)} bytes"
+
+
+def tabulate(rows: Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[int]]:
+    """Return a list of formatted rows and a list of column sizes.
+
+    For example::
+
+    >>> tabulate([['foobar', 2000], [0xdeadbeef]])
+    (['foobar     2000', '3735928559'], [10, 4])
+    """
+    rows = [tuple(map(str, row)) for row in rows]
+    sizes = [max(map(len, col)) for col in zip_longest(*rows, fillvalue="")]
+    table = [" ".join(map(str.ljust, row, sizes)).rstrip() for row in rows]
+    return table, sizes
+
+
+def is_installable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Is path is a directory containing pyproject.toml or setup.py?
+
+    If pyproject.toml exists, this is a PEP 517 project. Otherwise we look for
+    a legacy setuptools layout by identifying setup.py. We don't check for the
+    setup.cfg because using it without setup.py is only available for PEP 517
+    projects, which are already covered by the pyproject.toml check.
+    """
+    if not os.path.isdir(path):
+        return False
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "pyproject.toml")):
+        return True
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "setup.py")):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def read_chunks(
+    file: BinaryIO, size: int = FILE_CHUNK_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF."""
+    while True:
+        chunk = file.read(size)
+        if not chunk:
+            break
+        yield chunk
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str, resolve_symlinks: bool = True) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version.
+
+    """
+    path = os.path.expanduser(path)
+    if resolve_symlinks:
+        path = os.path.realpath(path)
+    else:
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    return os.path.normcase(path)
+
+
+def splitext(path: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too"""
+    base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
+    if base.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        ext = base[-4:] + ext
+        base = base[:-4]
+    return base, ext
+
+
+def renames(old: str, new: str) -> None:
+    """Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices."""
+    # Implementation borrowed from os.renames().
+    head, tail = os.path.split(new)
+    if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head):
+        os.makedirs(head)
+
+    shutil.move(old, new)
+
+    head, tail = os.path.split(old)
+    if head and tail:
+        try:
+            os.removedirs(head)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+
+def is_local(path: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv.
+
+    If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local."
+
+    Caution: this function assumes the head of path has been normalized
+    with normalize_path.
+    """
+    if not running_under_virtualenv():
+        return True
+    return path.startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix))
+
+
+def write_output(msg: Any, *args: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info(msg, *args)
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(StringIO):
+    orig_stream: TextIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_stream(cls, orig_stream: TextIO) -> "StreamWrapper":
+        ret = cls()
+        ret.orig_stream = orig_stream
+        return ret
+
+    # compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout
+    # type ignore is because TextIOBase.encoding is writeable
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return self.orig_stream.encoding
+
+
+# Simulates an enum
+def enum(*sequential: Any, **named: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+    enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
+    reverse = {value: key for key, value in enums.items()}
+    enums["reverse_mapping"] = reverse
+    return type("Enum", (), enums)
+
+
+def build_netloc(host: str, port: Optional[int]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a netloc from a host-port pair
+    """
+    if port is None:
+        return host
+    if ":" in host:
+        # Only wrap host with square brackets when it is IPv6
+        host = f"[{host}]"
+    return f"{host}:{port}"
+
+
+def build_url_from_netloc(netloc: str, scheme: str = "https") -> str:
+    """
+    Build a full URL from a netloc.
+    """
+    if netloc.count(":") >= 2 and "@" not in netloc and "[" not in netloc:
+        # It must be a bare IPv6 address, so wrap it with brackets.
+        netloc = f"[{netloc}]"
+    return f"{scheme}://{netloc}"
+
+
+def parse_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
+    """
+    Return the host-port pair from a netloc.
+    """
+    url = build_url_from_netloc(netloc)
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    return parsed.hostname, parsed.port
+
+
+def split_auth_from_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    """
+    Parse out and remove the auth information from a netloc.
+
+    Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+    """
+    if "@" not in netloc:
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    # Split from the right because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+    # behaves if more than one @ is present (which can be checked using
+    # the password attribute of urlsplit()'s return value).
+    auth, netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)
+    pw: Optional[str] = None
+    if ":" in auth:
+        # Split from the left because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+        # behaves if more than one : is present (which again can be checked
+        # using the password attribute of the return value)
+        user, pw = auth.split(":", 1)
+    else:
+        user, pw = auth, None
+
+    user = urllib.parse.unquote(user)
+    if pw is not None:
+        pw = urllib.parse.unquote(pw)
+
+    return netloc, (user, pw)
+
+
+def redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Replace the sensitive data in a netloc with "****", if it exists.
+
+    For example:
+        - "user:pass@example.com" returns "user:****@example.com"
+        - "accesstoken@example.com" returns "****@example.com"
+    """
+    netloc, (user, password) = split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+    if user is None:
+        return netloc
+    if password is None:
+        user = "****"
+        password = ""
+    else:
+        user = urllib.parse.quote(user)
+        password = ":****"
+    return f"{user}{password}@{netloc}"
+
+
+def _transform_url(
+    url: str, transform_netloc: Callable[[str], Tuple[Any, ...]]
+) -> Tuple[str, NetlocTuple]:
+    """Transform and replace netloc in a url.
+
+    transform_netloc is a function taking the netloc and returning a
+    tuple. The first element of this tuple is the new netloc. The
+    entire tuple is returned.
+
+    Returns a tuple containing the transformed url as item 0 and the
+    original tuple returned by transform_netloc as item 1.
+    """
+    purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    netloc_tuple = transform_netloc(purl.netloc)
+    # stripped url
+    url_pieces = (purl.scheme, netloc_tuple[0], purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+    surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(url_pieces)
+    return surl, cast("NetlocTuple", netloc_tuple)
+
+
+def _get_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+
+def _redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[str]:
+    return (redact_netloc(netloc),)
+
+
+def split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+    url: str,
+) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+    """
+    Parse a url into separate netloc, auth, and url with no auth.
+
+    Returns: (url_without_auth, netloc, (username, password))
+    """
+    url_without_auth, (netloc, auth) = _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)
+    return url_without_auth, netloc, auth
+
+
+def remove_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Return a copy of url with 'username:password@' removed."""
+    # username/pass params are passed to subversion through flags
+    # and are not recognized in the url.
+    return _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given url with ****."""
+    return _transform_url(url, _redact_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_requirement(req: Requirement) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given requirement url with ****."""
+    if not req.url:
+        return str(req)
+    return str(req).replace(req.url, redact_auth_from_url(req.url))
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class HiddenText:
+    secret: str
+    redacted: str
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<HiddenText {str(self)!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.redacted
+
+    # This is useful for testing.
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            return False
+
+        # The string being used for redaction doesn't also have to match,
+        # just the raw, original string.
+        return self.secret == other.secret
+
+
+def hide_value(value: str) -> HiddenText:
+    return HiddenText(value, redacted="****")
+
+
+def hide_url(url: str) -> HiddenText:
+    redacted = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+    return HiddenText(url, redacted=redacted)
+
+
+def protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip: bool) -> None:
+    """Protection of pip.exe from modification on Windows
+
+    On Windows, any operation modifying pip should be run as:
+        python -m pip ...
+    """
+    pip_names = [
+        "pip",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+    ]
+
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1299 for more discussion
+    should_show_use_python_msg = (
+        modifying_pip and WINDOWS and os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in pip_names
+    )
+
+    if should_show_use_python_msg:
+        new_command = [sys.executable, "-m", "pip"] + sys.argv[1:]
+        raise CommandError(
+            "To modify pip, please run the following command:\n{}".format(
+                " ".join(new_command)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def check_externally_managed() -> None:
+    """Check whether the current environment is externally managed.
+
+    If the ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` config file is found, the current environment
+    is considered externally managed, and an ExternallyManagedEnvironment is
+    raised.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    marker = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), "EXTERNALLY-MANAGED")
+    if not os.path.isfile(marker):
+        return
+    raise ExternallyManagedEnvironment.from_config(marker)
+
+
+def is_console_interactive() -> bool:
+    """Is this console interactive?"""
+    return sys.stdin is not None and sys.stdin.isatty()
+
+
+def hash_file(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[Any, int]:
+    """Return (hash, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    length = 0
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        for block in read_chunks(f, size=blocksize):
+            length += len(block)
+            h.update(block)
+    return h, length
+
+
+def pairwise(iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Any, Any]]:
+    """
+    Return paired elements.
+
+    For example:
+        s -> (s0, s1), (s2, s3), (s4, s5), ...
+    """
+    iterable = iter(iterable)
+    return zip_longest(iterable, iterable)
+
+
+def partition(
+    pred: Callable[[T], bool], iterable: Iterable[T]
+) -> Tuple[Iterable[T], Iterable[T]]:
+    """
+    Use a predicate to partition entries into false entries and true entries,
+    like
+
+        partition(is_odd, range(10)) --> 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
+    """
+    t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
+    return filterfalse(pred, t1), filter(pred, t2)
+
+
+class ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(BuildBackendHookCaller):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_holder: Any,
+        source_dir: str,
+        build_backend: str,
+        backend_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        runner: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+        python_executable: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            source_dir, build_backend, backend_path, runner, python_executable
+        )
+        self.config_holder = config_holder
+
+    def build_wheel(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_wheel(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def build_sdist(
+        self,
+        sdist_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings=cs)
+
+    def build_editable(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_editable(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
+
+
+def warn_if_run_as_root() -> None:
+    """Output a warning for sudo users on Unix.
+
+    In a virtual environment, sudo pip still writes to virtualenv.
+    On Windows, users may run pip as Administrator without issues.
+    This warning only applies to Unix root users outside of virtualenv.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    if not hasattr(os, "getuid"):
+        return
+    # On Windows, there are no "system managed" Python packages. Installing as
+    # Administrator via pip is the correct way of updating system environments.
+    #
+    # We choose sys.platform over utils.compat.WINDOWS here to enable Mypy platform
+    # checks: https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or sys.platform == "cygwin":
+        return
+
+    if os.getuid() != 0:
+        return
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and "
+        "conflicting behaviour with the system package manager, possibly "
+        "rendering your system unusable."
+        "It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: "
+        "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv. "
+        "Use the --root-user-action option if you know what you are doing and "
+        "want to suppress this warning."
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b8fa0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import NewType, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers, version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+NormalizedExtra = NewType("NormalizedExtra", str)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def check_requires_python(
+    requires_python: Optional[str], version_info: Tuple[int, ...]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the given Python version matches a "Requires-Python" specifier.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing a Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+
+    :return: `True` if the given Python version satisfies the requirement.
+        Otherwise, return `False`.
+
+    :raises InvalidSpecifier: If `requires_python` has an invalid format.
+    """
+    if requires_python is None:
+        # The package provides no information
+        return True
+    requires_python_specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet(requires_python)
+
+    python_version = version.parse(".".join(map(str, version_info)))
+    return python_version in requires_python_specifier
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=2048)
+def get_requirement(req_string: str) -> Requirement:
+    """Construct a packaging.Requirement object with caching"""
+    # Parsing requirement strings is expensive, and is also expected to happen
+    # with a low diversity of different arguments (at least relative the number
+    # constructed). This method adds a cache to requirement object creation to
+    # minimize repeated parsing of the same string to construct equivalent
+    # Requirement objects.
+    return Requirement(req_string)
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra: str) -> NormalizedExtra:
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+
+    This function is duplicated from ``pkg_resources``. Note that this is not
+    the same to either ``canonicalize_name`` or ``_egg_link_name``.
+    """
+    return cast(NormalizedExtra, re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+", "_", extra).lower())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/retry.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abfe072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import functools
+from time import perf_counter, sleep
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar
+
+from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+def retry(
+    wait: float, stop_after_delay: float
+) -> Callable[[Callable[P, T]], Callable[P, T]]:
+    """Decorator to automatically retry a function on error.
+
+    If the function raises, the function is recalled with the same arguments
+    until it returns or the time limit is reached. When the time limit is
+    surpassed, the last exception raised is reraised.
+
+    :param wait: The time to wait after an error before retrying, in seconds.
+    :param stop_after_delay: The time limit after which retries will cease,
+        in seconds.
+    """
+
+    def wrapper(func: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def retry_wrapped(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+            # The performance counter is monotonic on all platforms we care
+            # about and has much better resolution than time.monotonic().
+            start_time = perf_counter()
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except Exception:
+                    if perf_counter() - start_time > stop_after_delay:
+                        raise
+                    sleep(wait)
+
+        return retry_wrapped
+
+    return wrapper
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d1b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from typing import List, Optional, Sequence
+
+# Shim to wrap setup.py invocation with setuptools
+# Note that __file__ is handled via two {!r} *and* %r, to ensure that paths on
+# Windows are correctly handled (it should be "C:\\Users" not "C:\Users").
+_SETUPTOOLS_SHIM = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    exec(compile('''
+    # This is <pip-setuptools-caller> -- a caller that pip uses to run setup.py
+    #
+    # - It imports setuptools before invoking setup.py, to enable projects that directly
+    #   import from `distutils.core` to work with newer packaging standards.
+    # - It provides a clear error message when setuptools is not installed.
+    # - It sets `sys.argv[0]` to the underlying `setup.py`, when invoking `setup.py` so
+    #   setuptools doesn't think the script is `-c`. This avoids the following warning:
+    #     manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found".
+    # - It generates a shim setup.py, for handling setup.cfg-only projects.
+    import os, sys, tokenize
+
+    try:
+        import setuptools
+    except ImportError as error:
+        print(
+            "ERROR: Can not execute `setup.py` since setuptools is not available in "
+            "the build environment.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    __file__ = %r
+    sys.argv[0] = __file__
+
+    if os.path.exists(__file__):
+        filename = __file__
+        with tokenize.open(__file__) as f:
+            setup_py_code = f.read()
+    else:
+        filename = "<auto-generated setuptools caller>"
+        setup_py_code = "from setuptools import setup; setup()"
+
+    exec(compile(setup_py_code, filename, "exec"))
+    ''' % ({!r},), "<pip-setuptools-caller>", "exec"))
+    """
+).rstrip()
+
+
+def make_setuptools_shim_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+    no_user_config: bool = False,
+    unbuffered_output: bool = False,
+) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Get setuptools command arguments with shim wrapped setup file invocation.
+
+    :param setup_py_path: The path to setup.py to be wrapped.
+    :param global_options: Additional global options.
+    :param no_user_config: If True, disables personal user configuration.
+    :param unbuffered_output: If True, adds the unbuffered switch to the
+     argument list.
+    """
+    args = [sys.executable]
+    if unbuffered_output:
+        args += ["-u"]
+    args += ["-c", _SETUPTOOLS_SHIM.format(setup_py_path)]
+    if global_options:
+        args += global_options
+    if no_user_config:
+        args += ["--no-user-cfg"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    build_options: Sequence[str],
+    destination_dir: str,
+) -> List[str]:
+    # NOTE: Eventually, we'd want to also -S to the flags here, when we're
+    # isolating. Currently, it breaks Python in virtualenvs, because it
+    # relies on site.py to find parts of the standard library outside the
+    # virtualenv.
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["bdist_wheel", "-d", destination_dir]
+    args += build_options
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_clean_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["clean", "--all"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_develop_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    assert not (use_user_site and prefix)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=no_user_config,
+    )
+
+    args += ["develop", "--no-deps"]
+
+    if prefix:
+        args += ["--prefix", prefix]
+    if home is not None:
+        args += ["--install-dir", home]
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        args += ["--user", "--prefix="]
+
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    egg_info_dir: Optional[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(setup_py_path, no_user_config=no_user_config)
+
+    args += ["egg_info"]
+
+    if egg_info_dir:
+        args += ["--egg-base", egg_info_dir]
+
+    return args
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb2e23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Literal, Mapping, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface, open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationSubprocessError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import VERBOSE, subprocess_logger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText
+
+CommandArgs = List[Union[str, HiddenText]]
+
+
+def make_command(*args: Union[str, HiddenText, CommandArgs]) -> CommandArgs:
+    """
+    Create a CommandArgs object.
+    """
+    command_args: CommandArgs = []
+    for arg in args:
+        # Check for list instead of CommandArgs since CommandArgs is
+        # only known during type-checking.
+        if isinstance(arg, list):
+            command_args.extend(arg)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, arg is str or HiddenText.
+            command_args.append(arg)
+
+    return command_args
+
+
+def format_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> str:
+    """
+    Format command arguments for display.
+    """
+    # For HiddenText arguments, display the redacted form by calling str().
+    # Also, we don't apply str() to arguments that aren't HiddenText since
+    # this can trigger a UnicodeDecodeError in Python 2 if the argument
+    # has type unicode and includes a non-ascii character.  (The type
+    # checker doesn't ensure the annotations are correct in all cases.)
+    return " ".join(
+        shlex.quote(str(arg)) if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else shlex.quote(arg)
+        for arg in args
+    )
+
+
+def reveal_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Return the arguments in their raw, unredacted form.
+    """
+    return [arg.secret if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else arg for arg in args]
+
+
+def call_subprocess(
+    cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+    show_stdout: bool = False,
+    cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+    on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+    extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+    extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    unset_environ: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+    log_failed_cmd: Optional[bool] = True,
+    stdout_only: Optional[bool] = False,
+    *,
+    command_desc: str,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Args:
+      show_stdout: if true, use INFO to log the subprocess's stderr and
+        stdout streams.  Otherwise, use DEBUG.  Defaults to False.
+      extra_ok_returncodes: an iterable of integer return codes that are
+        acceptable, in addition to 0. Defaults to None, which means [].
+      unset_environ: an iterable of environment variable names to unset
+        prior to calling subprocess.Popen().
+      log_failed_cmd: if false, failed commands are not logged, only raised.
+      stdout_only: if true, return only stdout, else return both. When true,
+        logging of both stdout and stderr occurs when the subprocess has
+        terminated, else logging occurs as subprocess output is produced.
+    """
+    if extra_ok_returncodes is None:
+        extra_ok_returncodes = []
+    if unset_environ is None:
+        unset_environ = []
+    # Most places in pip use show_stdout=False. What this means is--
+    #
+    # - We connect the child's output (combined stderr and stdout) to a
+    #   single pipe, which we read.
+    # - We log this output to stderr at DEBUG level as it is received.
+    # - If DEBUG logging isn't enabled (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't
+    #   requested), then we show a spinner so the user can still see the
+    #   subprocess is in progress.
+    # - If the subprocess exits with an error, we log the output to stderr
+    #   at ERROR level if it hasn't already been displayed to the console
+    #   (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't enabled).  This way we don't log
+    #   the output to the console twice.
+    #
+    # If show_stdout=True, then the above is still done, but with DEBUG
+    # replaced by INFO.
+    if show_stdout:
+        # Then log the subprocess output at INFO level.
+        log_subprocess: Callable[..., None] = subprocess_logger.info
+        used_level = logging.INFO
+    else:
+        # Then log the subprocess output using VERBOSE.  This also ensures
+        # it will be logged to the log file (aka user_log), if enabled.
+        log_subprocess = subprocess_logger.verbose
+        used_level = VERBOSE
+
+    # Whether the subprocess will be visible in the console.
+    showing_subprocess = subprocess_logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= used_level
+
+    # Only use the spinner if we're not showing the subprocess output
+    # and we have a spinner.
+    use_spinner = not showing_subprocess and spinner is not None
+
+    log_subprocess("Running command %s", command_desc)
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+    for name in unset_environ:
+        env.pop(name, None)
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            # Convert HiddenText objects to the underlying str.
+            reveal_command_args(cmd),
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if not stdout_only else subprocess.PIPE,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            env=env,
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:
+        if log_failed_cmd:
+            subprocess_logger.critical(
+                "Error %s while executing command %s",
+                exc,
+                command_desc,
+            )
+        raise
+    all_output = []
+    if not stdout_only:
+        assert proc.stdout
+        assert proc.stdin
+        proc.stdin.close()
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in the same pipe.
+        while True:
+            line: str = proc.stdout.readline()
+            if not line:
+                break
+            line = line.rstrip()
+            all_output.append(line + "\n")
+
+            # Show the line immediately.
+            log_subprocess(line)
+            # Update the spinner.
+            if use_spinner:
+                assert spinner
+                spinner.spin()
+        try:
+            proc.wait()
+        finally:
+            if proc.stdout:
+                proc.stdout.close()
+        output = "".join(all_output)
+    else:
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in different pipes.
+        # We must use communicate() which is the only safe way to read both.
+        out, err = proc.communicate()
+        # log line by line to preserve pip log indenting
+        for out_line in out.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(out_line)
+        all_output.append(out)
+        for err_line in err.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(err_line)
+        all_output.append(err)
+        output = out
+
+    proc_had_error = proc.returncode and proc.returncode not in extra_ok_returncodes
+    if use_spinner:
+        assert spinner
+        if proc_had_error:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+        else:
+            spinner.finish("done")
+    if proc_had_error:
+        if on_returncode == "raise":
+            error = InstallationSubprocessError(
+                command_description=command_desc,
+                exit_code=proc.returncode,
+                output_lines=all_output if not showing_subprocess else None,
+            )
+            if log_failed_cmd:
+                subprocess_logger.error("%s", error, extra={"rich": True})
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]full command[/]: [blue]%s[/]",
+                    escape(format_command_args(cmd)),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]cwd[/]: %s",
+                    escape(cwd or "[inherit]"),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+
+            raise error
+        elif on_returncode == "warn":
+            subprocess_logger.warning(
+                'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s',
+                command_desc,
+                proc.returncode,
+                cwd,
+            )
+        elif on_returncode == "ignore":
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: on_returncode={on_returncode!r}")
+    return output
+
+
+def runner_with_spinner_message(message: str) -> Callable[..., None]:
+    """Provide a subprocess_runner that shows a spinner message.
+
+    Intended for use with for BuildBackendHookCaller. Thus, the runner has
+    an API that matches what's expected by BuildBackendHookCaller.subprocess_runner.
+    """
+
+    def runner(
+        cmd: List[str],
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with open_spinner(message) as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                command_desc=message,
+                cwd=cwd,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+
+    return runner
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06668e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+import errno
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os.path
+import tempfile
+import traceback
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import enum, rmtree
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="TempDirectory")
+
+
+# Kinds of temporary directories. Only needed for ones that are
+# globally-managed.
+tempdir_kinds = enum(
+    BUILD_ENV="build-env",
+    EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE="ephem-wheel-cache",
+    REQ_BUILD="req-build",
+)
+
+
+_tempdir_manager: Optional[ExitStack] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def global_tempdir_manager() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    global _tempdir_manager
+    with ExitStack() as stack:
+        old_tempdir_manager, _tempdir_manager = _tempdir_manager, stack
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            _tempdir_manager = old_tempdir_manager
+
+
+class TempDirectoryTypeRegistry:
+    """Manages temp directory behavior"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._should_delete: Dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+    def set_delete(self, kind: str, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Indicate whether a TempDirectory of the given kind should be
+        auto-deleted.
+        """
+        self._should_delete[kind] = value
+
+    def get_delete(self, kind: str) -> bool:
+        """Get configured auto-delete flag for a given TempDirectory type,
+        default True.
+        """
+        return self._should_delete.get(kind, True)
+
+
+_tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def tempdir_registry() -> Generator[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry, None, None]:
+    """Provides a scoped global tempdir registry that can be used to dictate
+    whether directories should be deleted.
+    """
+    global _tempdir_registry
+    old_tempdir_registry = _tempdir_registry
+    _tempdir_registry = TempDirectoryTypeRegistry()
+    try:
+        yield _tempdir_registry
+    finally:
+        _tempdir_registry = old_tempdir_registry
+
+
+class _Default:
+    pass
+
+
+_default = _Default()
+
+
+class TempDirectory:
+    """Helper class that owns and cleans up a temporary directory.
+
+    This class can be used as a context manager or as an OO representation of a
+    temporary directory.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path
+            Location to the created temporary directory
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    Methods:
+        cleanup()
+            Deletes the temporary directory
+
+    When used as a context manager, if the delete attribute is True, on
+    exiting the context the temporary directory is deleted.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        delete: Union[bool, None, _Default] = _default,
+        kind: str = "temp",
+        globally_managed: bool = False,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if delete is _default:
+            if path is not None:
+                # If we were given an explicit directory, resolve delete option
+                # now.
+                delete = False
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, we wait until cleanup and see what
+                # tempdir_registry says.
+                delete = None
+
+        # The only time we specify path is in for editables where it
+        # is the value of the --src option.
+        if path is None:
+            path = self._create(kind)
+
+        self._path = path
+        self._deleted = False
+        self.delete = delete
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+
+        if globally_managed:
+            assert _tempdir_manager is not None
+            _tempdir_manager.enter_context(self)
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        assert not self._deleted, f"Attempted to access deleted path: {self._path}"
+        return self._path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.path!r}>"
+
+    def __enter__(self: _T) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc: Any, value: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
+        if self.delete is not None:
+            delete = self.delete
+        elif _tempdir_registry:
+            delete = _tempdir_registry.get_delete(self.kind)
+        else:
+            delete = True
+
+        if delete:
+            self.cleanup()
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        """Create a temporary directory and store its path in self.path"""
+        # We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
+        # symlinked to another directory.  This tends to confuse build
+        # scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
+        # symlinks here.
+        path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the temporary directory created and reset state"""
+        self._deleted = True
+        if not os.path.exists(self._path):
+            return
+
+        errors: List[BaseException] = []
+
+        def onerror(
+            func: Callable[..., Any],
+            path: Path,
+            exc_val: BaseException,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Log a warning for a `rmtree` error and continue"""
+            formatted_exc = "\n".join(
+                traceback.format_exception_only(type(exc_val), exc_val)
+            )
+            formatted_exc = formatted_exc.rstrip()  # remove trailing new line
+            if func in (os.unlink, os.remove, os.rmdir):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Failed to remove a temporary file '%s' due to %s.\n",
+                    path,
+                    formatted_exc,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug("%s failed with %s.", func.__qualname__, formatted_exc)
+            errors.append(exc_val)
+
+        if self.ignore_cleanup_errors:
+            try:
+                # first try with @retry; retrying to handle ephemeral errors
+                rmtree(self._path, ignore_errors=False)
+            except OSError:
+                # last pass ignore/log all errors
+                rmtree(self._path, onexc=onerror)
+            if errors:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Failed to remove contents in a temporary directory '%s'.\n"
+                    "You can safely remove it manually.",
+                    self._path,
+                )
+        else:
+            rmtree(self._path)
+
+
+class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):
+    """Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.
+
+    Attributes:
+        original
+            The original directory to create a temp directory for.
+        path
+            After calling create() or entering, contains the full
+            path to the temporary directory.
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    """
+
+    # The characters that may be used to name the temp directory
+    # We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until
+    # a usable name is found.
+    # pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder
+    # with leading '-' and invalid metadata
+    LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"
+
+    def __init__(self, original: str, delete: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        self.original = original.rstrip("/\\")
+        super().__init__(delete=delete)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_names(cls, name: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        """Generates a series of temporary names.
+
+        The algorithm replaces the leading characters in the name
+        with ones that are valid filesystem characters, but are not
+        valid package names (for both Python and pip definitions of
+        package).
+        """
+        for i in range(1, len(name)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i - 1
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name[i:]
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+        # If we make it this far, we will have to make a longer name
+        for i in range(len(cls.LEADING_CHARS)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        root, name = os.path.split(self.original)
+        for candidate in self._generate_names(name):
+            path = os.path.join(root, candidate)
+            try:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                # Continue if the name exists already
+                if ex.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                path = os.path.realpath(path)
+                break
+        else:
+            # Final fallback on the default behavior.
+            path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..875e30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+"""Utilities related archives.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import zipfile
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import (
+    BZ2_EXTENSIONS,
+    TAR_EXTENSIONS,
+    XZ_EXTENSIONS,
+    ZIP_EXTENSIONS,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS
+
+try:
+    import bz2  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("bz2 module is not available")
+
+try:
+    # Only for Python 3.3+
+    import lzma  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("lzma module is not available")
+
+
+def current_umask() -> int:
+    """Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily."""
+    mask = os.umask(0)
+    os.umask(mask)
+    return mask
+
+
+def split_leading_dir(path: str) -> List[str]:
+    path = path.lstrip("/").lstrip("\\")
+    if "/" in path and (
+        ("\\" in path and path.find("/") < path.find("\\")) or "\\" not in path
+    ):
+        return path.split("/", 1)
+    elif "\\" in path:
+        return path.split("\\", 1)
+    else:
+        return [path, ""]
+
+
+def has_leading_dir(paths: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    """Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name
+    (i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)"""
+    common_prefix = None
+    for path in paths:
+        prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path)
+        if not prefix:
+            return False
+        elif common_prefix is None:
+            common_prefix = prefix
+        elif prefix != common_prefix:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_within_directory(directory: str, target: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the absolute path of target is within the directory
+    """
+    abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
+
+    prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
+    return prefix == abs_directory
+
+
+def _get_default_mode_plus_executable() -> int:
+    return 0o777 & ~current_umask() | 0o111
+
+
+def set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Make file present at path have execute for user/group/world
+    (chmod +x) is no-op on windows per python docs
+    """
+    os.chmod(path, _get_default_mode_plus_executable())
+
+
+def zip_item_is_executable(info: ZipInfo) -> bool:
+    mode = info.external_attr >> 16
+    # if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for
+    # user/group/world?
+    return bool(mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111)
+
+
+def unzip_file(filename: str, location: str, flatten: bool = True) -> None:
+    """
+    Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.  All
+    files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are
+    not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
+    written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    zipfp = open(filename, "rb")
+    try:
+        zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True)
+        leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten
+        for info in zip.infolist():
+            name = info.filename
+            fn = name
+            if leading:
+                fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1]
+            fn = os.path.join(location, fn)
+            dir = os.path.dirname(fn)
+            if not is_within_directory(location, fn):
+                message = (
+                    "The zip file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                    "outside target directory ({})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, fn, location))
+            if fn.endswith("/") or fn.endswith("\\"):
+                # A directory
+                ensure_dir(fn)
+            else:
+                ensure_dir(dir)
+                # Don't use read() to avoid allocating an arbitrarily large
+                # chunk of memory for the file's content
+                fp = zip.open(name)
+                try:
+                    with open(fn, "wb") as destfp:
+                        shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+                finally:
+                    fp.close()
+                    if zip_item_is_executable(info):
+                        set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(fn)
+    finally:
+        zipfp.close()
+
+
+def untar_file(filename: str, location: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.
+    All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions
+    are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied on top of the
+    default.  Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    if filename.lower().endswith(".gz") or filename.lower().endswith(".tgz"):
+        mode = "r:gz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:bz2"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:xz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        mode = "r"
+    else:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot determine compression type for file %s",
+            filename,
+        )
+        mode = "r:*"
+
+    tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode, encoding="utf-8")
+    try:
+        leading = has_leading_dir([member.name for member in tar.getmembers()])
+
+        # PEP 706 added `tarfile.data_filter`, and made some other changes to
+        # Python's tarfile module (see below). The features were backported to
+        # security releases.
+        try:
+            data_filter = tarfile.data_filter
+        except AttributeError:
+            _untar_without_filter(filename, location, tar, leading)
+        else:
+            default_mode_plus_executable = _get_default_mode_plus_executable()
+
+            if leading:
+                # Strip the leading directory from all files in the archive,
+                # including hardlink targets (which are relative to the
+                # unpack location).
+                for member in tar.getmembers():
+                    name_lead, name_rest = split_leading_dir(member.name)
+                    member.name = name_rest
+                    if member.islnk():
+                        lnk_lead, lnk_rest = split_leading_dir(member.linkname)
+                        if lnk_lead == name_lead:
+                            member.linkname = lnk_rest
+
+            def pip_filter(member: tarfile.TarInfo, path: str) -> tarfile.TarInfo:
+                orig_mode = member.mode
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        member = data_filter(member, location)
+                    except tarfile.LinkOutsideDestinationError:
+                        if sys.version_info[:3] in {
+                            (3, 8, 17),
+                            (3, 9, 17),
+                            (3, 10, 12),
+                            (3, 11, 4),
+                        }:
+                            # The tarfile filter in specific Python versions
+                            # raises LinkOutsideDestinationError on valid input
+                            # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/107845)
+                            # Ignore the error there, but do use the
+                            # more lax `tar_filter`
+                            member = tarfile.tar_filter(member, location)
+                        else:
+                            raise
+                except tarfile.TarError as exc:
+                    message = "Invalid member in the tar file {}: {}"
+                    # Filter error messages mention the member name.
+                    # No need to add it here.
+                    raise InstallationError(
+                        message.format(
+                            filename,
+                            exc,
+                        )
+                    )
+                if member.isfile() and orig_mode & 0o111:
+                    member.mode = default_mode_plus_executable
+                else:
+                    # See PEP 706 note above.
+                    # The PEP changed this from `int` to `Optional[int]`,
+                    # where None means "use the default". Mypy doesn't
+                    # know this yet.
+                    member.mode = None  # type: ignore [assignment]
+                return member
+
+            tar.extractall(location, filter=pip_filter)
+
+    finally:
+        tar.close()
+
+
+def _untar_without_filter(
+    filename: str,
+    location: str,
+    tar: tarfile.TarFile,
+    leading: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Fallback for Python without tarfile.data_filter"""
+    for member in tar.getmembers():
+        fn = member.name
+        if leading:
+            fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1]
+        path = os.path.join(location, fn)
+        if not is_within_directory(location, path):
+            message = (
+                "The tar file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                "outside target directory ({})"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, path, location))
+        if member.isdir():
+            ensure_dir(path)
+        elif member.issym():
+            try:
+                tar._extract_member(member, path)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                logger.warning(
+                    "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                    filename,
+                    member.name,
+                    exc,
+                )
+                continue
+        else:
+            try:
+                fp = tar.extractfile(member)
+            except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
+                # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                logger.warning(
+                    "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                    filename,
+                    member.name,
+                    exc,
+                )
+                continue
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+            assert fp is not None
+            with open(path, "wb") as destfp:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+            fp.close()
+            # Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files)
+            tar.utime(member, path)
+            # member have any execute permissions for user/group/world?
+            if member.mode & 0o111:
+                set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path)
+
+
+def unpack_file(
+    filename: str,
+    location: str,
+    content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
+    if (
+        content_type == "application/zip"
+        or filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS)
+        or zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)
+    ):
+        unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=not filename.endswith(".whl"))
+    elif (
+        content_type == "application/x-gzip"
+        or tarfile.is_tarfile(filename)
+        or filename.lower().endswith(TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)
+    ):
+        untar_file(filename, location)
+    else:
+        # FIXME: handle?
+        # FIXME: magic signatures?
+        logger.critical(
+            "Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); "
+            "cannot detect archive format",
+            filename,
+            location,
+            content_type,
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(f"Cannot determine archive format of {location}")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f34f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import os
+import string
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+
+from .compat import WINDOWS
+
+
+def path_to_url(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to a file: URL.  The path will be made absolute and have
+    quoted path parts.
+    """
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+    url = urllib.parse.urljoin("file:", urllib.request.pathname2url(path))
+    return url
+
+
+def url_to_path(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a file: URL to a path.
+    """
+    assert url.startswith(
+        "file:"
+    ), f"You can only turn file: urls into filenames (not {url!r})"
+
+    _, netloc, path, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+    if not netloc or netloc == "localhost":
+        # According to RFC 8089, same as empty authority.
+        netloc = ""
+    elif WINDOWS:
+        # If we have a UNC path, prepend UNC share notation.
+        netloc = "\\\\" + netloc
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"non-local file URIs are not supported on this platform: {url!r}"
+        )
+
+    path = urllib.request.url2pathname(netloc + path)
+
+    # On Windows, urlsplit parses the path as something like "/C:/Users/foo".
+    # This creates issues for path-related functions like io.open(), so we try
+    # to detect and strip the leading slash.
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and not netloc  # Not UNC.
+        and len(path) >= 3
+        and path[0] == "/"  # Leading slash to strip.
+        and path[1] in string.ascii_letters  # Drive letter.
+        and path[2:4] in (":", ":/")  # Colon + end of string, or colon + absolute path.
+    ):
+        path = path[1:]
+
+    return path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882e36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import site
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"include-system-site-packages\s*=\s*(?P<value>true|false)"
+)
+
+
+def _running_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.base_prefix and sys.prefix match.
+
+    This handles PEP 405 compliant virtual environments.
+    """
+    return sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix)
+
+
+def _running_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.real_prefix is set.
+
+    This handles virtual environments created with pypa's virtualenv.
+    """
+    # pypa/virtualenv case
+    return hasattr(sys, "real_prefix")
+
+
+def running_under_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """True if we're running inside a virtual environment, False otherwise."""
+    return _running_under_venv() or _running_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+
+def _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines() -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    """Reads {sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg and returns its contents as list of lines
+
+    Returns None, if it could not read/access the file.
+    """
+    pyvenv_cfg_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "pyvenv.cfg")
+    try:
+        # Although PEP 405 does not specify, the built-in venv module always
+        # writes with UTF-8. (pypa/pip#8717)
+        with open(pyvenv_cfg_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return f.read().splitlines()  # avoids trailing newlines
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _no_global_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Check `{sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg` for system site-packages inclusion
+
+    PEP 405 specifies that when system site-packages are not supposed to be
+    visible from a virtual environment, `pyvenv.cfg` must contain the following
+    line:
+
+        include-system-site-packages = false
+
+    Additionally, log a warning if accessing the file fails.
+    """
+    cfg_lines = _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines()
+    if cfg_lines is None:
+        # We're not in a "sane" venv, so assume there is no system
+        # site-packages access (since that's PEP 405's default state).
+        logger.warning(
+            "Could not access 'pyvenv.cfg' despite a virtual environment "
+            "being active. Assuming global site-packages is not accessible "
+            "in this environment."
+        )
+        return True
+
+    for line in cfg_lines:
+        match = _INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX.match(line)
+        if match is not None and match.group("value") == "false":
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Check if "no-global-site-packages.txt" exists beside site.py
+
+    This mirrors logic in pypa/virtualenv for determining whether system
+    site-packages are visible in the virtual environment.
+    """
+    site_mod_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(site.__file__))
+    no_global_site_packages_file = os.path.join(
+        site_mod_dir,
+        "no-global-site-packages.txt",
+    )
+    return os.path.exists(no_global_site_packages_file)
+
+
+def virtualenv_no_global() -> bool:
+    """Returns a boolean, whether running in venv with no system site-packages."""
+    # PEP 405 compliance needs to be checked first since virtualenv >=20 would
+    # return True for both checks, but is only able to use the PEP 405 config.
+    if _running_under_venv():
+        return _no_global_under_venv()
+
+    if _running_under_legacy_virtualenv():
+        return _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f85aee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Support functions for working with wheel files.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from email.message import Message
+from email.parser import Parser
+from typing import Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import UnsupportedWheel
+
+VERSION_COMPATIBLE = (1, 0)
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def parse_wheel(wheel_zip: ZipFile, name: str) -> Tuple[str, Message]:
+    """Extract information from the provided wheel, ensuring it meets basic
+    standards.
+
+    Returns the name of the .dist-info directory and the parsed WHEEL metadata.
+    """
+    try:
+        info_dir = wheel_dist_info_dir(wheel_zip, name)
+        metadata = wheel_metadata(wheel_zip, info_dir)
+        version = wheel_version(metadata)
+    except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+
+    check_compatibility(version, name)
+
+    return info_dir, metadata
+
+
+def wheel_dist_info_dir(source: ZipFile, name: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the name of the contained .dist-info directory.
+
+    Raises AssertionError or UnsupportedWheel if not found, >1 found, or
+    it doesn't match the provided name.
+    """
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    subdirs = {p.split("/", 1)[0] for p in source.namelist()}
+
+    info_dirs = [s for s in subdirs if s.endswith(".dist-info")]
+
+    if not info_dirs:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(".dist-info directory not found")
+
+    if len(info_dirs) > 1:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "multiple .dist-info directories found: {}".format(", ".join(info_dirs))
+        )
+
+    info_dir = info_dirs[0]
+
+    info_dir_name = canonicalize_name(info_dir)
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+    if not info_dir_name.startswith(canonical_name):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f".dist-info directory {info_dir!r} does not start with {canonical_name!r}"
+        )
+
+    return info_dir
+
+
+def read_wheel_metadata_file(source: ZipFile, path: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        return source.read(path)
+        # BadZipFile for general corruption, KeyError for missing entry,
+        # and RuntimeError for password-protected files
+    except (BadZipFile, KeyError, RuntimeError) as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"could not read {path!r} file: {e!r}")
+
+
+def wheel_metadata(source: ZipFile, dist_info_dir: str) -> Message:
+    """Return the WHEEL metadata of an extracted wheel, if possible.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    path = f"{dist_info_dir}/WHEEL"
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    wheel_contents = read_wheel_metadata_file(source, path)
+
+    try:
+        wheel_text = wheel_contents.decode()
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"error decoding {path!r}: {e!r}")
+
+    # FeedParser (used by Parser) does not raise any exceptions. The returned
+    # message may have .defects populated, but for backwards-compatibility we
+    # currently ignore them.
+    return Parser().parsestr(wheel_text)
+
+
+def wheel_version(wheel_data: Message) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Given WHEEL metadata, return the parsed Wheel-Version.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    version_text = wheel_data["Wheel-Version"]
+    if version_text is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("WHEEL is missing Wheel-Version")
+
+    version = version_text.strip()
+
+    try:
+        return tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"invalid Wheel-Version: {version!r}")
+
+
+def check_compatibility(version: Tuple[int, ...], name: str) -> None:
+    """Raises errors or warns if called with an incompatible Wheel-Version.
+
+    pip should refuse to install a Wheel-Version that's a major series
+    ahead of what it's compatible with (e.g 2.0 > 1.1); and warn when
+    installing a version only minor version ahead (e.g 1.2 > 1.1).
+
+    version: a 2-tuple representing a Wheel-Version (Major, Minor)
+    name: name of wheel or package to raise exception about
+
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel: when an incompatible Wheel-Version is given
+    """
+    if version[0] > VERSION_COMPATIBLE[0]:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "{}'s Wheel-Version ({}) is not compatible with this version "
+            "of pip".format(name, ".".join(map(str, version)))
+        )
+    elif version > VERSION_COMPATIBLE:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Installing from a newer Wheel-Version (%s)",
+            ".".join(map(str, version)),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6beddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Expose a limited set of classes and functions so callers outside of
+# the vcs package don't need to import deeper than `pip._internal.vcs`.
+# (The test directory may still need to import from a vcs sub-package.)
+# Import all vcs modules to register each VCS in the VcsSupport object.
+import pip._internal.vcs.bazaar
+import pip._internal.vcs.git
+import pip._internal.vcs.mercurial
+import pip._internal.vcs.subversion  # noqa: F401
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (  # noqa: F401
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    is_url,
+    make_vcs_requirement_url,
+    vcs,
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c754b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import logging
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Bazaar(VersionControl):
+    name = "bzr"
+    dirname = ".bzr"
+    repo_name = "branch"
+    schemes = (
+        "bzr+http",
+        "bzr+https",
+        "bzr+ssh",
+        "bzr+sftp",
+        "bzr+ftp",
+        "bzr+lp",
+        "bzr+file",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags = ["--quiet"]
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = []
+        else:
+            flags = [f"-{'v'*verbosity}"]
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout", "--lightweight", *flags, rev_options.to_args(), url, dest
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(make_command("switch", url), cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        output = self.run_command(
+            make_command("info"), show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=dest
+        )
+        if output.startswith("Standalone "):
+            # Older versions of pip used to create standalone branches.
+            # Convert the standalone branch to a checkout by calling "bzr bind".
+            cmd_args = make_command("bind", "-q", url)
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing bzr+ from bzr+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "bzr+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        urls = cls.run_command(
+            ["info"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        )
+        for line in urls.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            for x in ("checkout of branch: ", "parent branch: "):
+                if line.startswith(x):
+                    repo = line.split(x)[1]
+                    if cls._is_local_repository(repo):
+                        return path_to_url(repo)
+                    return repo
+        raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["revno"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return revision.splitlines()[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+
+vcs.register(Bazaar)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0425deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+import pathlib
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import replace
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path, hide_url
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+urlsplit = urllib.parse.urlsplit
+urlunsplit = urllib.parse.urlunsplit
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+GIT_VERSION_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"^git version "  # Prefix.
+    r"(\d+)"  # Major.
+    r"\.(\d+)"  # Dot, minor.
+    r"(?:\.(\d+))?"  # Optional dot, patch.
+    r".*$"  # Suffix, including any pre- and post-release segments we don't care about.
+)
+
+HASH_REGEX = re.compile("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$")
+
+# SCP (Secure copy protocol) shorthand. e.g. 'git@example.com:foo/bar.git'
+SCP_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+    # Optional user, e.g. 'git@'
+    (\w+@)?
+    # Server, e.g. 'github.com'.
+    ([^/:]+):
+    # The server-side path. e.g. 'user/project.git'. Must start with an
+    # alphanumeric character so as not to be confusable with a Windows paths
+    # like 'C:/foo/bar' or 'C:\foo\bar'.
+    (\w[^:]*)
+    $""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_hash(sha: str) -> bool:
+    return bool(HASH_REGEX.match(sha))
+
+
+class Git(VersionControl):
+    name = "git"
+    dirname = ".git"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "git+http",
+        "git+https",
+        "git+ssh",
+        "git+git",
+        "git+file",
+    )
+    # Prevent the user's environment variables from interfering with pip:
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1130
+    unset_environ = ("GIT_DIR", "GIT_WORK_TREE")
+    default_arg_rev = "HEAD"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [rev]
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        _, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(hide_url(url))
+        if not rev_options.rev:
+            return False
+        if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+            # the current commit is different from rev,
+            # which means rev was something else than a commit hash
+            return False
+        # return False in the rare case rev is both a commit hash
+        # and a tag or a branch; we don't want to cache in that case
+        # because that branch/tag could point to something else in the future
+        is_tag_or_branch = bool(self.get_revision_sha(dest, rev_options.rev)[0])
+        return not is_tag_or_branch
+
+    def get_git_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        version = self.run_command(
+            ["version"],
+            command_desc="git version",
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+        )
+        match = GIT_VERSION_REGEX.match(version)
+        if not match:
+            logger.warning("Can't parse git version: %s", version)
+            return ()
+        return (int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_branch(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the current branch, or None if HEAD isn't at a branch
+        (e.g. detached HEAD).
+        """
+        # git-symbolic-ref exits with empty stdout if "HEAD" is a detached
+        # HEAD rather than a symbolic ref.  In addition, the -q causes the
+        # command to exit with status code 1 instead of 128 in this case
+        # and to suppress the message to stderr.
+        args = ["symbolic-ref", "-q", "HEAD"]
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            args,
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        ref = output.strip()
+
+        if ref.startswith("refs/heads/"):
+            return ref[len("refs/heads/") :]
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision_sha(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+        """
+        Return (sha_or_none, is_branch), where sha_or_none is a commit hash
+        if the revision names a remote branch or tag, otherwise None.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          rev: the revision name.
+        """
+        # Pass rev to pre-filter the list.
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            ["show-ref", rev],
+            cwd=dest,
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            on_returncode="ignore",
+        )
+        refs = {}
+        # NOTE: We do not use splitlines here since that would split on other
+        #       unicode separators, which can be maliciously used to install a
+        #       different revision.
+        for line in output.strip().split("\n"):
+            line = line.rstrip("\r")
+            if not line:
+                continue
+            try:
+                ref_sha, ref_name = line.split(" ", maxsplit=2)
+            except ValueError:
+                # Include the offending line to simplify troubleshooting if
+                # this error ever occurs.
+                raise ValueError(f"unexpected show-ref line: {line!r}")
+
+            refs[ref_name] = ref_sha
+
+        branch_ref = f"refs/remotes/origin/{rev}"
+        tag_ref = f"refs/tags/{rev}"
+
+        sha = refs.get(branch_ref)
+        if sha is not None:
+            return (sha, True)
+
+        sha = refs.get(tag_ref)
+
+        return (sha, False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _should_fetch(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if rev is a ref or is a commit that we don't have locally.
+
+        Branches and tags are not considered in this method because they are
+        assumed to be always available locally (which is a normal outcome of
+        ``git clone`` and ``git fetch --tags``).
+        """
+        if rev.startswith("refs/"):
+            # Always fetch remote refs.
+            return True
+
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            # Git fetch would fail with abbreviated commits.
+            return False
+
+        if cls.has_commit(dest, rev):
+            # Don't fetch if we have the commit locally.
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_revision(
+        cls, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Resolve a revision to a new RevOptions object with the SHA1 of the
+        branch, tag, or ref if found.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        rev = rev_options.arg_rev
+        # The arg_rev property's implementation for Git ensures that the
+        # rev return value is always non-None.
+        assert rev is not None
+
+        sha, is_branch = cls.get_revision_sha(dest, rev)
+
+        if sha is not None:
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+            rev_options = replace(rev_options, branch_name=(rev if is_branch else None))
+
+            return rev_options
+
+        # Do not show a warning for the common case of something that has
+        # the form of a Git commit hash.
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            logger.warning(
+                "Did not find branch or tag '%s', assuming revision or ref.",
+                rev,
+            )
+
+        if not cls._should_fetch(dest, rev):
+            return rev_options
+
+        # fetch the requested revision
+        cls.run_command(
+            make_command("fetch", "-q", url, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        # Change the revision to the SHA of the ref we fetched
+        sha = cls.get_revision(dest, rev="FETCH_HEAD")
+        rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        return rev_options
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the current commit hash equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        if not name:
+            # Then avoid an unnecessary subprocess call.
+            return False
+
+        return cls.get_revision(dest) == name
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info("Cloning %s%s to %s", url, rev_display, display_path(dest))
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--progress")
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (2, 17):
+            # Git added support for partial clone in 2.17
+            # https://git-scm.com/docs/partial-clone
+            # Speeds up cloning by functioning without a complete copy of repository
+            self.run_command(
+                make_command(
+                    "clone",
+                    "--filter=blob:none",
+                    *flags,
+                    url,
+                    dest,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            self.run_command(make_command("clone", *flags, url, dest))
+
+        if rev_options.rev:
+            # Then a specific revision was requested.
+            rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+            branch_name = getattr(rev_options, "branch_name", None)
+            logger.debug("Rev options %s, branch_name %s", rev_options, branch_name)
+            if branch_name is None:
+                # Only do a checkout if the current commit id doesn't match
+                # the requested revision.
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    cmd_args = make_command(
+                        "checkout",
+                        "-q",
+                        rev_options.to_args(),
+                    )
+                    self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+            elif self.get_current_branch(dest) != branch_name:
+                # Then a specific branch was requested, and that branch
+                # is not yet checked out.
+                track_branch = f"origin/{branch_name}"
+                cmd_args = [
+                    "checkout",
+                    "-b",
+                    branch_name,
+                    "--track",
+                    track_branch,
+                ]
+                self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            sha = self.get_revision(dest)
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        logger.info("Resolved %s to commit %s", url, rev_options.rev)
+
+        #: repo may contain submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("config", "remote.origin.url", url),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        cmd_args = make_command("checkout", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        # First fetch changes from the default remote
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (1, 9):
+            # fetch tags in addition to everything else
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q", "--tags"], cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        # Then reset to wanted revision (maybe even origin/master)
+        rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+        cmd_args = make_command("reset", "--hard", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        #: update submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return URL of the first remote encountered.
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        # We need to pass 1 for extra_ok_returncodes since the command
+        # exits with return code 1 if there are no matching lines.
+        stdout = cls.run_command(
+            ["config", "--get-regexp", r"remote\..*\.url"],
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        remotes = stdout.splitlines()
+        try:
+            found_remote = remotes[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        for remote in remotes:
+            if remote.startswith("remote.origin.url "):
+                found_remote = remote
+                break
+        url = found_remote.split(" ")[1]
+        return cls._git_remote_to_pip_url(url.strip())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _git_remote_to_pip_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Convert a remote url from what git uses to what pip accepts.
+
+        There are 3 legal forms **url** may take:
+
+            1. A fully qualified url: ssh://git@example.com/foo/bar.git
+            2. A local project.git folder: /path/to/bare/repository.git
+            3. SCP shorthand for form 1: git@example.com:foo/bar.git
+
+        Form 1 is output as-is. Form 2 must be converted to URI and form 3 must
+        be converted to form 1.
+
+        See the corresponding test test_git_remote_url_to_pip() for examples of
+        sample inputs/outputs.
+        """
+        if re.match(r"\w+://", url):
+            # This is already valid. Pass it though as-is.
+            return url
+        if os.path.exists(url):
+            # A local bare remote (git clone --mirror).
+            # Needs a file:// prefix.
+            return pathlib.PurePath(url).as_uri()
+        scp_match = SCP_REGEX.match(url)
+        if scp_match:
+            # Add an ssh:// prefix and replace the ':' with a '/'.
+            return scp_match.expand(r"ssh://\1\2/\3")
+        # Otherwise, bail out.
+        raise RemoteNotValidError(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def has_commit(cls, location: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if rev is a commit that is available in the local repository.
+        """
+        try:
+            cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "-q", "--verify", "sha^" + rev],
+                cwd=location,
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except InstallationError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str, rev: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        if rev is None:
+            rev = "HEAD"
+        current_rev = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", rev],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return current_rev.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        git_dir = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(git_dir):
+            git_dir = os.path.join(location, git_dir)
+        repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(git_dir, ".."))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Prefixes stub URLs like 'user@hostname:user/repo.git' with 'ssh://'.
+        That's required because although they use SSH they sometimes don't
+        work with a ssh:// scheme (e.g. GitHub). But we need a scheme for
+        parsing. Hence we remove it again afterwards and return it as a stub.
+        """
+        # Works around an apparent Git bug
+        # (see https://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/146500)
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
+        if scheme.endswith("file"):
+            initial_slashes = path[: -len(path.lstrip("/"))]
+            newpath = initial_slashes + urllib.request.url2pathname(path).replace(
+                "\\", "/"
+            ).lstrip("/")
+            after_plus = scheme.find("+") + 1
+            url = scheme[:after_plus] + urlunsplit(
+                (scheme[after_plus:], netloc, newpath, query, fragment),
+            )
+
+        if "://" not in url:
+            assert "file:" not in url
+            url = url.replace("git+", "git+ssh://")
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+            url = url.replace("ssh://", "")
+        else:
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_submodules(cls, location: str) -> None:
+        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(location, ".gitmodules")):
+            return
+        cls.run_command(
+            ["submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", "-q"],
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under git control "
+                "because git is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url: str) -> bool:
+        """In either https or ssh form, requirements must be prefixed with git+."""
+        return True
+
+
+vcs.register(Git)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c183d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import configparser
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Mercurial(VersionControl):
+    name = "hg"
+    dirname = ".hg"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "hg+file",
+        "hg+http",
+        "hg+https",
+        "hg+ssh",
+        "hg+static-http",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [f"--rev={rev}"]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Cloning hg %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        elif verbosity == 2:
+            flags = ("--verbose",)
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--debug")
+        self.run_command(make_command("clone", "--noupdate", *flags, url, dest))
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("update", *flags, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        repo_config = os.path.join(dest, self.dirname, "hgrc")
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        try:
+            config.read(repo_config)
+            config.set("paths", "default", url.secret)
+            with open(repo_config, "w") as config_file:
+                config.write(config_file)
+        except (OSError, configparser.NoSectionError) as exc:
+            logger.warning("Could not switch Mercurial repository to %s: %s", url, exc)
+        else:
+            cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(["pull", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        url = cls.run_command(
+            ["showconfig", "paths.default"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if cls._is_local_repository(url):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+        return url.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the repository-local changeset revision number, as an integer.
+        """
+        current_revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={rev}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_revision
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the changeset identification hash, as a 40-character
+        hexadecimal string
+        """
+        current_rev_hash = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={node}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_rev_hash
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        repo_root = cls.run_command(
+            ["root"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(repo_root):
+            repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(location, repo_root))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["root"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under hg control "
+                "because hg is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+
+vcs.register(Mercurial)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f359266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    display_path,
+    is_console_interactive,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import CommandArgs, make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_svn_xml_url_re = re.compile('url="([^"]+)"')
+_svn_rev_re = re.compile(r'committed-rev="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_rev_re = re.compile(r'\s*revision="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_url_re = re.compile(r"<url>(.*)</url>")
+
+
+class Subversion(VersionControl):
+    name = "svn"
+    dirname = ".svn"
+    repo_name = "checkout"
+    schemes = ("svn+ssh", "svn+http", "svn+https", "svn+svn", "svn+file")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the maximum revision for all files under a given location
+        """
+        # Note: taken from setuptools.command.egg_info
+        revision = 0
+
+        for base, dirs, _ in os.walk(location):
+            if cls.dirname not in dirs:
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # no sense walking uncontrolled subdirs
+            dirs.remove(cls.dirname)
+            entries_fn = os.path.join(base, cls.dirname, "entries")
+            if not os.path.exists(entries_fn):
+                # FIXME: should we warn?
+                continue
+
+            dirurl, localrev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(base)
+
+            if base == location:
+                assert dirurl is not None
+                base = dirurl + "/"  # save the root url
+            elif not dirurl or not dirurl.startswith(base):
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # not part of the same svn tree, skip it
+            revision = max(revision, localrev)
+        return str(revision)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        This override allows the auth information to be passed to svn via the
+        --username and --password options instead of via the URL.
+        """
+        if scheme == "ssh":
+            # The --username and --password options can't be used for
+            # svn+ssh URLs, so keep the auth information in the URL.
+            return super().get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+
+        return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing svn+ from svn+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "svn+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        extra_args: CommandArgs = []
+        if username:
+            extra_args += ["--username", username]
+        if password:
+            extra_args += ["--password", password]
+
+        return extra_args
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        # In cases where the source is in a subdirectory, we have to look up in
+        # the location until we find a valid project root.
+        orig_location = location
+        while not is_installable_dir(location):
+            last_location = location
+            location = os.path.dirname(location)
+            if location == last_location:
+                # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+                # finding a Python project.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not find Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                    "parent directories)",
+                    orig_location,
+                )
+                raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        url, _rev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(location)
+        if url is None:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_svn_url_rev(cls, location: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], int]:
+        from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+
+        entries_path = os.path.join(location, cls.dirname, "entries")
+        if os.path.exists(entries_path):
+            with open(entries_path) as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        else:  # subversion >= 1.7 does not have the 'entries' file
+            data = ""
+
+        url = None
+        if data.startswith("8") or data.startswith("9") or data.startswith("10"):
+            entries = list(map(str.splitlines, data.split("\n\x0c\n")))
+            del entries[0][0]  # get rid of the '8'
+            url = entries[0][3]
+            revs = [int(d[9]) for d in entries if len(d) > 9 and d[9]] + [0]
+        elif data.startswith("<?xml"):
+            match = _svn_xml_url_re.search(data)
+            if not match:
+                raise ValueError(f"Badly formatted data: {data!r}")
+            url = match.group(1)  # get repository URL
+            revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_rev_re.finditer(data)] + [0]
+        else:
+            try:
+                # subversion >= 1.7
+                # Note that using get_remote_call_options is not necessary here
+                # because `svn info` is being run against a local directory.
+                # We don't need to worry about making sure interactive mode
+                # is being used to prompt for passwords, because passwords
+                # are only potentially needed for remote server requests.
+                xml = cls.run_command(
+                    ["info", "--xml", location],
+                    show_stdout=False,
+                    stdout_only=True,
+                )
+                match = _svn_info_xml_url_re.search(xml)
+                assert match is not None
+                url = match.group(1)
+                revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_info_xml_rev_re.finditer(xml)]
+            except InstallationError:
+                url, revs = None, []
+
+        if revs:
+            rev = max(revs)
+        else:
+            rev = 0
+
+        return url, rev
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    def __init__(self, use_interactive: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        if use_interactive is None:
+            use_interactive = is_console_interactive()
+        self.use_interactive = use_interactive
+
+        # This member is used to cache the fetched version of the current
+        # ``svn`` client.
+        # Special value definitions:
+        #   None: Not evaluated yet.
+        #   Empty tuple: Could not parse version.
+        self._vcs_version: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def call_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Query the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        # Example versions:
+        #   svn, version 1.10.3 (r1842928)
+        #      compiled Feb 25 2019, 14:20:39 on x86_64-apple-darwin17.0.0
+        #   svn, version 1.7.14 (r1542130)
+        #      compiled Mar 28 2018, 08:49:13 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
+        #   svn, version 1.12.0-SlikSvn (SlikSvn/1.12.0)
+        #      compiled May 28 2019, 13:44:56 on x86_64-microsoft-windows6.2
+        version_prefix = "svn, version "
+        version = self.run_command(["--version"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True)
+        if not version.startswith(version_prefix):
+            return ()
+
+        version = version[len(version_prefix) :].split()[0]
+        version_list = version.partition("-")[0].split(".")
+        try:
+            parsed_version = tuple(map(int, version_list))
+        except ValueError:
+            return ()
+
+        return parsed_version
+
+    def get_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Return the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        If the version of the Subversion client has already been queried,
+        a cached value will be used.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        if self._vcs_version is not None:
+            # Use cached version, if available.
+            # If parsing the version failed previously (empty tuple),
+            # do not attempt to parse it again.
+            return self._vcs_version
+
+        vcs_version = self.call_vcs_version()
+        self._vcs_version = vcs_version
+        return vcs_version
+
+    def get_remote_call_options(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """Return options to be used on calls to Subversion that contact the server.
+
+        These options are applicable for the following ``svn`` subcommands used
+        in this class.
+
+            - checkout
+            - switch
+            - update
+
+        :return: A list of command line arguments to pass to ``svn``.
+        """
+        if not self.use_interactive:
+            # --non-interactive switch is available since Subversion 0.14.4.
+            # Subversion < 1.8 runs in interactive mode by default.
+            return ["--non-interactive"]
+
+        svn_version = self.get_vcs_version()
+        # By default, Subversion >= 1.8 runs in non-interactive mode if
+        # stdin is not a TTY. Since that is how pip invokes SVN, in
+        # call_subprocess(), pip must pass --force-interactive to ensure
+        # the user can be prompted for a password, if required.
+        #   SVN added the --force-interactive option in SVN 1.8. Since
+        # e.g. RHEL/CentOS 7, which is supported until 2024, ships with
+        # SVN 1.7, pip should continue to support SVN 1.7. Therefore, pip
+        # can't safely add the option if the SVN version is < 1.8 (or unknown).
+        if svn_version >= (1, 8):
+            return ["--force-interactive"]
+
+        return []
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags = ["--quiet"]
+        else:
+            flags = []
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout",
+            *flags,
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "switch",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "update",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+
+vcs.register(Subversion)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a413316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+"""Handles all VCS (version control) support"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Literal,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    hide_value,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    rmtree,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import (
+    CommandArgs,
+    call_subprocess,
+    format_command_args,
+    make_command,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["vcs"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+AuthInfo = Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
+
+
+def is_url(name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the name looks like a URL.
+    """
+    scheme = urllib.parse.urlsplit(name).scheme
+    if not scheme:
+        return False
+    return scheme in ["http", "https", "file", "ftp"] + vcs.all_schemes
+
+
+def make_vcs_requirement_url(
+    repo_url: str, rev: str, project_name: str, subdir: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the URL for a VCS requirement.
+
+    Args:
+      repo_url: the remote VCS url, with any needed VCS prefix (e.g. "git+").
+      project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+    """
+    egg_project_name = project_name.replace("-", "_")
+    req = f"{repo_url}@{rev}#egg={egg_project_name}"
+    if subdir:
+        req += f"&subdirectory={subdir}"
+
+    return req
+
+
+def find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(
+    location: str, repo_root: str
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Find the the Python project's root by searching up the filesystem from
+    `location`. Return the path to project root relative to `repo_root`.
+    Return None if the project root is `repo_root`, or cannot be found.
+    """
+    # find project root.
+    orig_location = location
+    while not is_installable_dir(location):
+        last_location = location
+        location = os.path.dirname(location)
+        if location == last_location:
+            # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+            # finding a Python project.
+            logger.warning(
+                "Could not find a Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                "parent directories)",
+                orig_location,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    if os.path.samefile(repo_root, location):
+        return None
+
+    return os.path.relpath(location, repo_root)
+
+
+class RemoteNotFoundError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteNotValidError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, url: str):
+        super().__init__(url)
+        self.url = url
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RevOptions:
+    """
+    Encapsulates a VCS-specific revision to install, along with any VCS
+    install options.
+
+    Args:
+        vc_class: a VersionControl subclass.
+        rev: the name of the revision to install.
+        extra_args: a list of extra options.
+    """
+
+    vc_class: Type["VersionControl"]
+    rev: Optional[str] = None
+    extra_args: CommandArgs = field(default_factory=list)
+    branch_name: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RevOptions {self.vc_class.name}: rev={self.rev!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arg_rev(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.rev is None:
+            return self.vc_class.default_arg_rev
+
+        return self.rev
+
+    def to_args(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the VCS-specific command arguments.
+        """
+        args: CommandArgs = []
+        rev = self.arg_rev
+        if rev is not None:
+            args += self.vc_class.get_base_rev_args(rev)
+        args += self.extra_args
+
+        return args
+
+    def to_display(self) -> str:
+        if not self.rev:
+            return ""
+
+        return f" (to revision {self.rev})"
+
+    def make_new(self, rev: str) -> "RevOptions":
+        """
+        Make a copy of the current instance, but with a new rev.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of the revision for the new object.
+        """
+        return self.vc_class.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=self.extra_args)
+
+
+class VcsSupport:
+    _registry: Dict[str, "VersionControl"] = {}
+    schemes = ["ssh", "git", "hg", "bzr", "sftp", "svn"]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Register more schemes with urlparse for various version control
+        # systems
+        urllib.parse.uses_netloc.extend(self.schemes)
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._registry.__iter__()
+
+    @property
+    def backends(self) -> List["VersionControl"]:
+        return list(self._registry.values())
+
+    @property
+    def dirnames(self) -> List[str]:
+        return [backend.dirname for backend in self.backends]
+
+    @property
+    def all_schemes(self) -> List[str]:
+        schemes: List[str] = []
+        for backend in self.backends:
+            schemes.extend(backend.schemes)
+        return schemes
+
+    def register(self, cls: Type["VersionControl"]) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(cls, "name"):
+            logger.warning("Cannot register VCS %s", cls.__name__)
+            return
+        if cls.name not in self._registry:
+            self._registry[cls.name] = cls()
+            logger.debug("Registered VCS backend: %s", cls.name)
+
+    def unregister(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if name in self._registry:
+            del self._registry[name]
+
+    def get_backend_for_dir(self, location: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object if a repository of that type is found
+        at the given directory.
+        """
+        vcs_backends = {}
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            repo_path = vcs_backend.get_repository_root(location)
+            if not repo_path:
+                continue
+            logger.debug("Determine that %s uses VCS: %s", location, vcs_backend.name)
+            vcs_backends[repo_path] = vcs_backend
+
+        if not vcs_backends:
+            return None
+
+        # Choose the VCS in the inner-most directory. Since all repository
+        # roots found here would be either `location` or one of its
+        # parents, the longest path should have the most path components,
+        # i.e. the backend representing the inner-most repository.
+        inner_most_repo_path = max(vcs_backends, key=len)
+        return vcs_backends[inner_most_repo_path]
+
+    def get_backend_for_scheme(self, scheme: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            if scheme in vcs_backend.schemes:
+                return vcs_backend
+        return None
+
+    def get_backend(self, name: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        name = name.lower()
+        return self._registry.get(name)
+
+
+vcs = VcsSupport()
+
+
+class VersionControl:
+    name = ""
+    dirname = ""
+    repo_name = ""
+    # List of supported schemes for this Version Control
+    schemes: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    # Iterable of environment variable names to pass to call_subprocess().
+    unset_environ: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    default_arg_rev: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the vcs prefix (e.g. "git+") should be added to a
+        repository's remote url when used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return not remote_url.lower().startswith(f"{cls.name}:")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, repo_dir: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the revision string that should be used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return cls.get_revision(repo_dir)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_src_requirement(cls, repo_dir: str, project_name: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the requirement string to use to redownload the files
+        currently at the given repository directory.
+
+        Args:
+          project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+
+        The return value has a form similar to the following:
+
+            {repository_url}@{revision}#egg={project_name}
+        """
+        repo_url = cls.get_remote_url(repo_dir)
+
+        if cls.should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url):
+            repo_url = f"{cls.name}+{repo_url}"
+
+        revision = cls.get_requirement_revision(repo_dir)
+        subdir = cls.get_subdirectory(repo_dir)
+        req = make_vcs_requirement_url(repo_url, revision, project_name, subdir=subdir)
+
+        return req
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        """
+        Return the base revision arguments for a vcs command.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.  Cannot be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if the commit hash checked out at dest matches
+        the revision in url.
+
+        Always return False, if the VCS does not support immutable commit
+        hashes.
+
+        This method does not check if there are local uncommitted changes
+        in dest after checkout, as pip currently has no use case for that.
+        """
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_rev_options(
+        cls, rev: Optional[str] = None, extra_args: Optional[CommandArgs] = None
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Return a RevOptions object.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.
+          extra_args: a list of extra options.
+        """
+        return RevOptions(cls, rev, extra_args=extra_args or [])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _is_local_repository(cls, repo: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        posix absolute paths start with os.path.sep,
+        win32 ones start with drive (like c:\\folder)
+        """
+        drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(repo)
+        return repo.startswith(os.path.sep) or bool(drive)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL's netloc, and return the new netloc to use
+        along with auth information.
+
+        Args:
+          netloc: the original repository URL netloc.
+          scheme: the repository URL's scheme without the vcs prefix.
+
+        This is mainly for the Subversion class to override, so that auth
+        information can be provided via the --username and --password options
+        instead of through the URL.  For other subclasses like Git without
+        such an option, auth information must stay in the URL.
+
+        Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+        """
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL to use, and return the URL, revision,
+        and auth info to use.
+
+        Returns: (url, rev, (username, password)).
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, frag = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        if "+" not in scheme:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Sorry, {url!r} is a malformed VCS url. "
+                "The format is <vcs>+<protocol>://<url>, "
+                "e.g. svn+http://myrepo/svn/MyApp#egg=MyApp"
+            )
+        # Remove the vcs prefix.
+        scheme = scheme.split("+", 1)[1]
+        netloc, user_pass = cls.get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+        rev = None
+        if "@" in path:
+            path, rev = path.rsplit("@", 1)
+            if not rev:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The URL {url!r} has an empty revision (after @) "
+                    "which is not supported. Include a revision after @ "
+                    "or remove @ from the URL."
+                )
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the RevOptions "extra arguments" to use in obtain().
+        """
+        return []
+
+    def get_url_rev_options(self, url: HiddenText) -> Tuple[HiddenText, RevOptions]:
+        """
+        Return the URL and RevOptions object to use in obtain(),
+        as a tuple (url, rev_options).
+        """
+        secret_url, rev, user_pass = self.get_url_rev_and_auth(url.secret)
+        username, secret_password = user_pass
+        password: Optional[HiddenText] = None
+        if secret_password is not None:
+            password = hide_value(secret_password)
+        extra_args = self.make_rev_args(username, password)
+        rev_options = self.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=extra_args)
+
+        return hide_url(secret_url), rev_options
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def normalize_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a URL for comparison by unquoting it and removing any
+        trailing slash.
+        """
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(url).rstrip("/")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def compare_urls(cls, url1: str, url2: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Compare two repo URLs for identity, ignoring incidental differences.
+        """
+        return cls.normalize_url(url1) == cls.normalize_url(url2)
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Fetch a revision from a repository, in the case that this is the
+        first fetch from the repository.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the directory to fetch the repository to.
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+          verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Switch the repo at ``dest`` to point to ``URL``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Update an already-existing repo to the given ``rev_options``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the id of the current commit equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def obtain(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Install or update in editable mode the package represented by this
+        VersionControl object.
+
+        :param dest: the repository directory in which to install or update.
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        url, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(url)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        if self.is_repository_directory(dest):
+            existing_url = self.get_remote_url(dest)
+            if self.compare_urls(existing_url, url.secret):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "%s in %s exists, and has correct URL (%s)",
+                    self.repo_name.title(),
+                    display_path(dest),
+                    url,
+                )
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Updating %s %s%s",
+                        display_path(dest),
+                        self.repo_name,
+                        rev_display,
+                    )
+                    self.update(dest, url, rev_options)
+                else:
+                    logger.info("Skipping because already up-to-date.")
+                return
+
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s in %s exists with URL %s",
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                existing_url,
+            )
+            prompt = ("(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("s", "i", "w", "b"))
+        else:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Directory %s already exists, and is not a %s %s.",
+                dest,
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+            )
+            # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1174
+            prompt = ("(i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("i", "w", "b"))  # type: ignore
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "The plan is to install the %s repository %s",
+            self.name,
+            url,
+        )
+        response = ask_path_exists(f"What to do?  {prompt[0]}", prompt[1])
+
+        if response == "a":
+            sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if response == "w":
+            logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(dest))
+            rmtree(dest)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        if response == "b":
+            dest_dir = backup_dir(dest)
+            logger.warning("Backing up %s to %s", display_path(dest), dest_dir)
+            shutil.move(dest, dest_dir)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        # Do nothing if the response is "i".
+        if response == "s":
+            logger.info(
+                "Switching %s %s to %s%s",
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                url,
+                rev_display,
+            )
+            self.switch(dest, url, rev_options)
+
+    def unpack(self, location: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Clean up current location and download the url repository
+        (and vcs infos) into location
+
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        if os.path.exists(location):
+            rmtree(location)
+        self.obtain(location, url=url, verbosity=verbosity)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the url used at location
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the current commit id of the files at the given location.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_command(
+        cls,
+        cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+        show_stdout: bool = True,
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+        extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+        command_desc: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+        spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+        log_failed_cmd: bool = True,
+        stdout_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Run a VCS subcommand
+        This is simply a wrapper around call_subprocess that adds the VCS
+        command name, and checks that the VCS is available
+        """
+        cmd = make_command(cls.name, *cmd)
+        if command_desc is None:
+            command_desc = format_command_args(cmd)
+        try:
+            return call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                show_stdout,
+                cwd,
+                on_returncode=on_returncode,
+                extra_ok_returncodes=extra_ok_returncodes,
+                command_desc=command_desc,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                unset_environ=cls.unset_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+                log_failed_cmd=log_failed_cmd,
+                stdout_only=stdout_only,
+            )
+        except NotADirectoryError:
+            raise BadCommand(f"Cannot find command {cls.name!r} - invalid PATH")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # errno.ENOENT = no such file or directory
+            # In other words, the VCS executable isn't available
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"Cannot find command {cls.name!r} - do you have "
+                f"{cls.name!r} installed and in your PATH?"
+            )
+        except PermissionError:
+            # errno.EACCES = Permission denied
+            # This error occurs, for instance, when the command is installed
+            # only for another user. So, the current user don't have
+            # permission to call the other user command.
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"No permission to execute {cls.name!r} - install it "
+                f"locally, globally (ask admin), or check your PATH. "
+                f"See possible solutions at "
+                f"https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/reference/pip_freeze/"
+                f"#fixing-permission-denied."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_repository_directory(cls, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether a directory path is a repository directory.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Checking in %s for %s (%s)...", path, cls.dirname, cls.name)
+        return os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, cls.dirname))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the "root" (top-level) directory controlled by the vcs,
+        or `None` if the directory is not in any.
+
+        It is meant to be overridden to implement smarter detection
+        mechanisms for specific vcs.
+
+        This can do more than is_repository_directory() alone. For
+        example, the Git override checks that Git is actually available.
+        """
+        if cls.is_repository_directory(location):
+            return location
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93f8e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"""Orchestrator for building wheels from InstallRequirements.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name, canonicalize_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata import FilesystemWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel import build_wheel_pep517
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_editable import build_wheel_editable
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_legacy import build_wheel_legacy
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, hash_file
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_clean_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_egg_info_re = re.compile(r"([a-z0-9_.]+)-([a-z0-9_.!+-]+)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+BuildResult = Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _contains_egg_info(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether the string looks like an egg_info.
+
+    :param s: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    """
+    return bool(_egg_info_re.search(s))
+
+
+def _should_build(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    need_wheel: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """Return whether an InstallRequirement should be built into a wheel."""
+    if req.constraint:
+        # never build requirements that are merely constraints
+        return False
+    if req.is_wheel:
+        if need_wheel:
+            logger.info(
+                "Skipping %s, due to already being wheel.",
+                req.name,
+            )
+        return False
+
+    if need_wheel:
+        # i.e. pip wheel, not pip install
+        return True
+
+    # From this point, this concerns the pip install command only
+    # (need_wheel=False).
+
+    if not req.source_dir:
+        return False
+
+    if req.editable:
+        # we only build PEP 660 editable requirements
+        return req.supports_pyproject_editable
+
+    return True
+
+
+def should_build_for_wheel_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=True)
+
+
+def should_build_for_install_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=False)
+
+
+def _should_cache(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> Optional[bool]:
+    """
+    Return whether a built InstallRequirement can be stored in the persistent
+    wheel cache, assuming the wheel cache is available, and _should_build()
+    has determined a wheel needs to be built.
+    """
+    if req.editable or not req.source_dir:
+        # never cache editable requirements
+        return False
+
+    if req.link and req.link.is_vcs:
+        # VCS checkout. Do not cache
+        # unless it points to an immutable commit hash.
+        assert not req.editable
+        assert req.source_dir
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(req.link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        if vcs_backend.is_immutable_rev_checkout(req.link.url, req.source_dir):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    assert req.link
+    base, ext = req.link.splitext()
+    if _contains_egg_info(base):
+        return True
+
+    # Otherwise, do not cache.
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_cache_dir(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+) -> str:
+    """Return the persistent or temporary cache directory where the built
+    wheel need to be stored.
+    """
+    cache_available = bool(wheel_cache.cache_dir)
+    assert req.link
+    if cache_available and _should_cache(req):
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(req.link)
+    else:
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_ephem_path_for_link(req.link)
+    return cache_dir
+
+
+def _verify_one(req: InstallRequirement, wheel_path: str) -> None:
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(req.name or "")
+    w = Wheel(os.path.basename(wheel_path))
+    if canonicalize_name(w.name) != canonical_name:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {canonical_name!r}, "
+            f"got {w.name!r}",
+        )
+    dist = get_wheel_distribution(FilesystemWheel(wheel_path), canonical_name)
+    dist_verstr = str(dist.version)
+    if canonicalize_version(dist_verstr) != canonicalize_version(w.version):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {dist_verstr!r}, "
+            f"got {w.version!r}",
+        )
+    metadata_version_value = dist.metadata_version
+    if metadata_version_value is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("Missing Metadata-Version")
+    try:
+        metadata_version = Version(metadata_version_value)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        msg = f"Invalid Metadata-Version: {metadata_version_value}"
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+    if metadata_version >= Version("1.2") and not isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f"Metadata 1.2 mandates PEP 440 version, but {dist_verstr!r} is not"
+        )
+
+
+def _build_one(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one wheel.
+
+    :return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
+    """
+    artifact = "editable" if editable else "wheel"
+    try:
+        ensure_dir(output_dir)
+    except OSError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Building %s for %s failed: %s",
+            artifact,
+            req.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Install build deps into temporary directory (PEP 518)
+    with req.build_env:
+        wheel_path = _build_one_inside_env(
+            req, output_dir, build_options, global_options, editable
+        )
+    if wheel_path and verify:
+        try:
+            _verify_one(req, wheel_path)
+        except (InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel) as e:
+            logger.warning("Built %s for %s is invalid: %s", artifact, req.name, e)
+            return None
+    return wheel_path
+
+
+def _build_one_inside_env(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    with TempDirectory(kind="wheel") as temp_dir:
+        assert req.name
+        if req.use_pep517:
+            assert req.metadata_directory
+            assert req.pep517_backend
+            if global_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --global-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if build_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --build-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if editable:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_editable(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+            else:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_pep517(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+        else:
+            wheel_path = build_wheel_legacy(
+                name=req.name,
+                setup_py_path=req.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=req.unpacked_source_directory,
+                global_options=global_options,
+                build_options=build_options,
+                tempd=temp_dir.path,
+            )
+
+        if wheel_path is not None:
+            wheel_name = os.path.basename(wheel_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
+            try:
+                wheel_hash, length = hash_file(wheel_path)
+                shutil.move(wheel_path, dest_path)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Created wheel for %s: filename=%s size=%d sha256=%s",
+                    req.name,
+                    wheel_name,
+                    length,
+                    wheel_hash.hexdigest(),
+                )
+                logger.info("Stored in directory: %s", output_dir)
+                return dest_path
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+        # Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
+        if not req.use_pep517:
+            _clean_one_legacy(req, global_options)
+        return None
+
+
+def _clean_one_legacy(req: InstallRequirement, global_options: List[str]) -> bool:
+    clean_args = make_setuptools_clean_args(
+        req.setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+    )
+
+    logger.info("Running setup.py clean for %s", req.name)
+    try:
+        call_subprocess(
+            clean_args, command_desc="python setup.py clean", cwd=req.source_dir
+        )
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed cleaning build dir for %s", req.name)
+        return False
+
+
+def build(
+    requirements: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+) -> BuildResult:
+    """Build wheels.
+
+    :return: The list of InstallRequirement that succeeded to build and
+        the list of InstallRequirement that failed to build.
+    """
+    if not requirements:
+        return [], []
+
+    # Build the wheels.
+    logger.info(
+        "Building wheels for collected packages: %s",
+        ", ".join(req.name for req in requirements),  # type: ignore
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        build_successes, build_failures = [], []
+        for req in requirements:
+            assert req.name
+            cache_dir = _get_cache_dir(req, wheel_cache)
+            wheel_file = _build_one(
+                req,
+                cache_dir,
+                verify,
+                build_options,
+                global_options,
+                req.editable and req.permit_editable_wheels,
+            )
+            if wheel_file:
+                # Record the download origin in the cache
+                if req.download_info is not None:
+                    # download_info is guaranteed to be set because when we build an
+                    # InstallRequirement it has been through the preparer before, but
+                    # let's be cautious.
+                    wheel_cache.record_download_origin(cache_dir, req.download_info)
+                # Update the link for this.
+                req.link = Link(path_to_url(wheel_file))
+                req.local_file_path = req.link.file_path
+                assert req.link.is_wheel
+                build_successes.append(req)
+            else:
+                build_failures.append(req)
+
+    # notify success/failure
+    if build_successes:
+        logger.info(
+            "Successfully built %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_successes]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    if build_failures:
+        logger.info(
+            "Failed to build %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_failures]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    # Return a list of requirements that failed to build
+    return build_successes, build_failures
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..561089c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""
+pip._vendor is for vendoring dependencies of pip to prevent needing pip to
+depend on something external.
+
+Files inside of pip._vendor should be considered immutable and should only be
+updated to versions from upstream.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import glob
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+# Downstream redistributors which have debundled our dependencies should also
+# patch this value to be true. This will trigger the additional patching
+# to cause things like "six" to be available as pip.
+DEBUNDLED = False
+
+# By default, look in this directory for a bunch of .whl files which we will
+# add to the beginning of sys.path before attempting to import anything. This
+# is done to support downstream re-distributors like Debian and Fedora who
+# wish to create their own Wheels for our dependencies to aid in debundling.
+WHEEL_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+# Define a small helper function to alias our vendored modules to the real ones
+# if the vendored ones do not exist. This idea of this was taken from
+# https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/pull/2567.
+def vendored(modulename):
+    vendored_name = "{0}.{1}".format(__name__, modulename)
+
+    try:
+        __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We can just silently allow import failures to pass here. If we
+        # got to this point it means that ``import pip._vendor.whatever``
+        # failed and so did ``import whatever``. Since we're importing this
+        # upfront in an attempt to alias imports, not erroring here will
+        # just mean we get a regular import error whenever pip *actually*
+        # tries to import one of these modules to use it, which actually
+        # gives us a better error message than we would have otherwise
+        # gotten.
+        pass
+    else:
+        sys.modules[vendored_name] = sys.modules[modulename]
+        base, head = vendored_name.rsplit(".", 1)
+        setattr(sys.modules[base], head, sys.modules[modulename])
+
+
+# If we're operating in a debundled setup, then we want to go ahead and trigger
+# the aliasing of our vendored libraries as well as looking for wheels to add
+# to our sys.path. This will cause all of this code to be a no-op typically
+# however downstream redistributors can enable it in a consistent way across
+# all platforms.
+if DEBUNDLED:
+    # Actually look inside of WHEEL_DIR to find .whl files and add them to the
+    # front of our sys.path.
+    sys.path[:] = glob.glob(os.path.join(WHEEL_DIR, "*.whl")) + sys.path
+
+    # Actually alias all of our vendored dependencies.
+    vendored("cachecontrol")
+    vendored("certifi")
+    vendored("distlib")
+    vendored("distro")
+    vendored("packaging")
+    vendored("packaging.version")
+    vendored("packaging.specifiers")
+    vendored("pkg_resources")
+    vendored("platformdirs")
+    vendored("progress")
+    vendored("pyproject_hooks")
+    vendored("requests")
+    vendored("requests.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3._collections")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.fields")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.filepost")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.six")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname."
+             "_implementation")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.timeout")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.url")
+    vendored("resolvelib")
+    vendored("rich")
+    vendored("rich.console")
+    vendored("rich.highlighter")
+    vendored("rich.logging")
+    vendored("rich.markup")
+    vendored("rich.progress")
+    vendored("rich.segment")
+    vendored("rich.style")
+    vendored("rich.text")
+    vendored("rich.traceback")
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        vendored("tomli")
+    vendored("truststore")
+    vendored("urllib3")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b34b0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""CacheControl import Interface.
+
+Make it easy to import from cachecontrol without long namespaces.
+"""
+__author__ = "Eric Larson"
+__email__ = "eric@ionrock.org"
+__version__ = "0.14.0"
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.wrapper import CacheControl
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__version__",
+    "CacheControlAdapter",
+    "CacheController",
+    "CacheControl",
+]
+
+import logging
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c84208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import logger
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from argparse import Namespace
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+
+def setup_logging() -> None:
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+
+def get_session() -> requests.Session:
+    adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+        DictCache(), cache_etags=True, serializer=None, heuristic=None
+    )
+    sess = requests.Session()
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    sess.cache_controller = adapter.controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return sess
+
+
+def get_args() -> Namespace:
+    parser = ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("url", help="The URL to try and cache")
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = get_args()
+    sess = get_session()
+
+    # Make a request to get a response
+    resp = sess.get(args.url)
+
+    # Turn on logging
+    setup_logging()
+
+    # try setting the cache
+    cache_controller: CacheController = (
+        sess.cache_controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    cache_controller.cache_response(resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+    # Now try to get it
+    if cache_controller.cached_request(resp.request):
+        print("Cached!")
+    else:
+        print("Not cached :(")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbb4ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import types
+import zlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES, CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.filewrapper import CallbackFileWrapper
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest, Response
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    invalidating_methods = {"PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.heuristic = heuristic
+        self.cacheable_methods = cacheable_methods or ("GET",)
+
+        controller_factory = controller_class or CacheController
+        self.controller = controller_factory(
+            self.cache, cache_etags=cache_etags, serializer=serializer
+        )
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: None | float | tuple[float, float] | tuple[float, None] = None,
+        verify: bool | str = True,
+        cert: (None | bytes | str | tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str]) = None,
+        proxies: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request. Use the request information to see if it
+        exists in the cache and cache the response if we need to and can.
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if request.method in cacheable:
+            try:
+                cached_response = self.controller.cached_request(request)
+            except zlib.error:
+                cached_response = None
+            if cached_response:
+                return self.build_response(request, cached_response, from_cache=True)
+
+            # check for etags and add headers if appropriate
+            request.headers.update(self.controller.conditional_headers(request))
+
+        resp = super().send(request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def build_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        from_cache: bool = False,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build a response by making a request or using the cache.
+
+        This will end up calling send and returning a potentially
+        cached response
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if not from_cache and request.method in cacheable:
+            # Check for any heuristics that might update headers
+            # before trying to cache.
+            if self.heuristic:
+                response = self.heuristic.apply(response)
+
+            # apply any expiration heuristics
+            if response.status == 304:
+                # We must have sent an ETag request. This could mean
+                # that we've been expired already or that we simply
+                # have an etag. In either case, we want to try and
+                # update the cache if that is the case.
+                cached_response = self.controller.update_cached_response(
+                    request, response
+                )
+
+                if cached_response is not response:
+                    from_cache = True
+
+                # We are done with the server response, read a
+                # possible response body (compliant servers will
+                # not return one, but we cannot be 100% sure) and
+                # release the connection back to the pool.
+                response.read(decode_content=False)
+                response.release_conn()
+
+                response = cached_response
+
+            # We always cache the 301 responses
+            elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+                self.controller.cache_response(request, response)
+            else:
+                # Wrap the response file with a wrapper that will cache the
+                #   response when the stream has been consumed.
+                response._fp = CallbackFileWrapper(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                    response._fp,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    functools.partial(
+                        self.controller.cache_response, request, response
+                    ),
+                )
+                if response.chunked:
+                    super_update_chunk_length = response._update_chunk_length
+
+                    def _update_chunk_length(self: HTTPResponse) -> None:
+                        super_update_chunk_length()
+                        if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                            self._fp._close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+                    response._update_chunk_length = types.MethodType(  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+                        _update_chunk_length, response
+                    )
+
+        resp: Response = super().build_response(request, response)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+
+        # See if we should invalidate the cache.
+        if request.method in self.invalidating_methods and resp.ok:
+            assert request.url is not None
+            cache_url = self.controller.cache_url(request.url)
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # Give the request a from_cache attr to let people use it
+        resp.from_cache = from_cache  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self.cache.close()
+        super().close()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3293b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The cache object API for implementing caches. The default is a thread
+safe in-memory dictionary.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from threading import Lock
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, MutableMapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class BaseCache:
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class DictCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, init_dict: MutableMapping[str, bytes] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.lock = Lock()
+        self.data = init_dict or {}
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.data.get(key, None)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            self.data.update({key: value})
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            if key in self.data:
+                self.data.pop(key)
+
+
+class SeparateBodyBaseCache(BaseCache):
+    """
+    In this variant, the body is not stored mixed in with the metadata, but is
+    passed in (as a bytes-like object) in a separate call to ``set_body()``.
+
+    That is, the expected interaction pattern is::
+
+        cache.set(key, serialized_metadata)
+        cache.set_body(key)
+
+    Similarly, the body should be loaded separately via ``get_body()``.
+    """
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        """
+        Return the body as file-like object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24ff469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.file_cache import FileCache, SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.redis_cache import RedisCache
+
+__all__ = ["FileCache", "SeparateBodyFileCache", "RedisCache"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/file_cache.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/file_cache.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e3a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    from filelock import BaseFileLock
+
+
+def _secure_open_write(filename: str, fmode: int) -> IO[bytes]:
+    # We only want to write to this file, so open it in write only mode
+    flags = os.O_WRONLY
+
+    # os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will fail if the file already exists, so we only
+    #  will open *new* files.
+    # We specify this because we want to ensure that the mode we pass is the
+    # mode of the file.
+    flags |= os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    # Do not follow symlinks to prevent someone from making a symlink that
+    # we follow and insecurely open a cache file.
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        flags |= os.O_NOFOLLOW
+
+    # On Windows we'll mark this file as binary
+    if hasattr(os, "O_BINARY"):
+        flags |= os.O_BINARY
+
+    # Before we open our file, we want to delete any existing file that is
+    # there
+    try:
+        os.remove(filename)
+    except OSError:
+        # The file must not exist already, so we can just skip ahead to opening
+        pass
+
+    # Open our file, the use of os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will ensure that if a
+    # race condition happens between the os.remove and this line, that an
+    # error will be raised. Because we utilize a lockfile this should only
+    # happen if someone is attempting to attack us.
+    fd = os.open(filename, flags, fmode)
+    try:
+        return os.fdopen(fd, "wb")
+
+    except:
+        # An error occurred wrapping our FD in a file object
+        os.close(fd)
+        raise
+
+
+class _FileCacheMixin:
+    """Shared implementation for both FileCache variants."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str | Path,
+        forever: bool = False,
+        filemode: int = 0o0600,
+        dirmode: int = 0o0700,
+        lock_class: type[BaseFileLock] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            if lock_class is None:
+                from filelock import FileLock
+
+                lock_class = FileLock
+        except ImportError:
+            notice = dedent(
+                """
+            NOTE: In order to use the FileCache you must have
+            filelock installed. You can install it via pip:
+              pip install cachecontrol[filecache]
+            """
+            )
+            raise ImportError(notice)
+
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.forever = forever
+        self.filemode = filemode
+        self.dirmode = dirmode
+        self.lock_class = lock_class
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode(x: str) -> str:
+        return hashlib.sha224(x.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def _fn(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # NOTE: This method should not change as some may depend on it.
+        #       See: https://github.com/ionrock/cachecontrol/issues/63
+        hashed = self.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        try:
+            with open(name, "rb") as fh:
+                return fh.read()
+
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        self._write(name, value)
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Safely write the data to the given path.
+        """
+        # Make sure the directory exists
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), self.dirmode)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        with self.lock_class(path + ".lock"):
+            # Write our actual file
+            with _secure_open_write(path, self.filemode) as fh:
+                fh.write(data)
+
+    def _delete(self, key: str, suffix: str) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + suffix
+        if not self.forever:
+            try:
+                os.remove(name)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+
+class FileCache(_FileCacheMixin, BaseCache):
+    """
+    Traditional FileCache: body is stored in memory, so not suitable for large
+    downloads.
+    """
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+
+
+class SeparateBodyFileCache(_FileCacheMixin, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    Memory-efficient FileCache: body is stored in a separate file, reducing
+    peak memory usage.
+    """
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        try:
+            return open(name, "rb")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(name, body)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+        self._delete(key, ".body")
+
+
+def url_to_file_path(url: str, filecache: FileCache) -> str:
+    """Return the file cache path based on the URL.
+
+    This does not ensure the file exists!
+    """
+    key = CacheController.cache_url(url)
+    return filecache._fn(key)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f68c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from redis import Redis
+
+
+class RedisCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, conn: Redis[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.conn = conn
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.conn.get(key)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not expires:
+            self.conn.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(expires, datetime):
+            now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+            if expires.tzinfo is None:
+                now_utc = now_utc.replace(tzinfo=None)
+            delta = expires - now_utc
+            self.conn.setex(key, int(delta.total_seconds()), value)
+        else:
+            self.conn.setex(key, expires, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Helper for clearing all the keys in a database. Use with
+        caution!"""
+        for key in self.conn.keys():
+            self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Redis uses connection pooling, no need to close the connection."""
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7dd86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The httplib2 algorithms ported for use with requests.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+from email.utils import parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?")
+
+PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES = (301, 308)
+
+
+def parse_uri(uri: str) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, str]:
+    """Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986.
+
+    (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+    """
+    match = URI.match(uri)
+    assert match is not None
+    groups = match.groups()
+    return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8])
+
+
+class CacheController:
+    """An interface to see if request should cached or not."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.cache_etags = cache_etags
+        self.serializer = serializer or Serializer()
+        self.cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or (200, 203, 300, 301, 308)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _urlnorm(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize the URL to create a safe key for the cache"""
+        (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+        if not scheme or not authority:
+            raise Exception("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri)
+
+        scheme = scheme.lower()
+        authority = authority.lower()
+
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        # Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before
+        # computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66.
+        request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path
+        defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri
+
+        return defrag_uri
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cache_url(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        return cls._urlnorm(uri)
+
+    def parse_cache_control(self, headers: Mapping[str, str]) -> dict[str, int | None]:
+        known_directives = {
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.2
+            "max-age": (int, True),
+            "max-stale": (int, False),
+            "min-fresh": (int, True),
+            "no-cache": (None, False),
+            "no-store": (None, False),
+            "no-transform": (None, False),
+            "only-if-cached": (None, False),
+            "must-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "public": (None, False),
+            "private": (None, False),
+            "proxy-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "s-maxage": (int, True),
+        }
+
+        cc_headers = headers.get("cache-control", headers.get("Cache-Control", ""))
+
+        retval: dict[str, int | None] = {}
+
+        for cc_directive in cc_headers.split(","):
+            if not cc_directive.strip():
+                continue
+
+            parts = cc_directive.split("=", 1)
+            directive = parts[0].strip()
+
+            try:
+                typ, required = known_directives[directive]
+            except KeyError:
+                logger.debug("Ignoring unknown cache-control directive: %s", directive)
+                continue
+
+            if not typ or not required:
+                retval[directive] = None
+            if typ:
+                try:
+                    retval[directive] = typ(parts[1].strip())
+                except IndexError:
+                    if required:
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "Missing value for cache-control " "directive: %s",
+                            directive,
+                        )
+                except ValueError:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Invalid value for cache-control directive " "%s, must be %s",
+                        directive,
+                        typ.__name__,
+                    )
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_from_cache(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Load a cached response, or return None if it's not available.
+        """
+        # We do not support caching of partial content: so if the request contains a
+        # Range header then we don't want to load anything from the cache.
+        if "Range" in request.headers:
+            return None
+
+        cache_url = request.url
+        assert cache_url is not None
+        cache_data = self.cache.get(cache_url)
+        if cache_data is None:
+            logger.debug("No cache entry available")
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            body_file = self.cache.get_body(cache_url)
+        else:
+            body_file = None
+
+        result = self.serializer.loads(request, cache_data, body_file)
+        if result is None:
+            logger.warning("Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored")
+        return result
+
+    def cached_request(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | Literal[False]:
+        """
+        Return a cached response if it exists in the cache, otherwise
+        return False.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Looking up "%s" in the cache', cache_url)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+
+        # Bail out if the request insists on fresh data
+        if "no-cache" in cc:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-cache", cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        if "max-age" in cc and cc["max-age"] == 0:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "max_age" as 0, cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        # Check whether we can load the response from the cache:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        if not resp:
+            return False
+
+        # If we have a cached permanent redirect, return it immediately. We
+        # don't need to test our response for other headers b/c it is
+        # intrinsically "cacheable" as it is Permanent.
+        #
+        # See:
+        #   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2
+        #
+        # Client can try to refresh the value by repeating the request
+        # with cache busting headers as usual (ie no-cache).
+        if int(resp.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            msg = (
+                "Returning cached permanent redirect response "
+                "(ignoring date and etag information)"
+            )
+            logger.debug(msg)
+            return resp
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+        if not headers or "date" not in headers:
+            if "etag" not in headers:
+                # Without date or etag, the cached response can never be used
+                # and should be deleted.
+                logger.debug("Purging cached response: no date or etag")
+                self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+            logger.debug("Ignoring cached response: no date")
+            return False
+
+        now = time.time()
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        logger.debug("Current age based on date: %i", current_age)
+
+        # TODO: There is an assumption that the result will be a
+        #       urllib3 response object. This may not be best since we
+        #       could probably avoid instantiating or constructing the
+        #       response until we know we need it.
+        resp_cc = self.parse_cache_control(headers)
+
+        # determine freshness
+        freshness_lifetime = 0
+
+        # Check the max-age pragma in the cache control header
+        max_age = resp_cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # If there isn't a max-age, check for an expires header
+        elif "expires" in headers:
+            expires = parsedate_tz(headers["expires"])
+            if expires is not None:
+                expire_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                freshness_lifetime = max(0, expire_time)
+                logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from expires: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # Determine if we are setting freshness limit in the
+        # request. Note, this overrides what was in the response.
+        max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug(
+                "Freshness lifetime from request max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime
+            )
+
+        min_fresh = cc.get("min-fresh")
+        if min_fresh is not None:
+            # adjust our current age by our min fresh
+            current_age += min_fresh
+            logger.debug("Adjusted current age from min-fresh: %i", current_age)
+
+        # Return entry if it is fresh enough
+        if freshness_lifetime > current_age:
+            logger.debug('The response is "fresh", returning cached response')
+            logger.debug("%i > %i", freshness_lifetime, current_age)
+            return resp
+
+        # we're not fresh. If we don't have an Etag, clear it out
+        if "etag" not in headers:
+            logger.debug('The cached response is "stale" with no etag, purging')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # return the original handler
+        return False
+
+    def conditional_headers(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        new_headers = {}
+
+        if resp:
+            headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+
+            if "etag" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-None-Match"] = headers["ETag"]
+
+            if "last-modified" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-Modified-Since"] = headers["Last-Modified"]
+
+        return new_headers
+
+    def _cache_set(
+        self,
+        cache_url: str,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        expires_time: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Store the data in the cache.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            # We pass in the body separately; just put a placeholder empty
+            # string in the metadata.
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, b""),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+            # body is None can happen when, for example, we're only updating
+            # headers, as is the case in update_cached_response().
+            if body is not None:
+                self.cache.set_body(cache_url, body)
+        else:
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+
+    def cache_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Algorithm for caching requests.
+
+        This assumes a requests Response object.
+        """
+        # From httplib2: Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to
+        #                handle byte range requests
+        cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or self.cacheable_status_codes
+        if response.status not in cacheable_status_codes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Status code %s not in %s", response.status, cacheable_status_codes
+            )
+            return
+
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        else:
+            date = 0
+
+        # If we've been given a body, our response has a Content-Length, that
+        # Content-Length is valid then we can check to see if the body we've
+        # been given matches the expected size, and if it doesn't we'll just
+        # skip trying to cache it.
+        if (
+            body is not None
+            and "content-length" in response_headers
+            and response_headers["content-length"].isdigit()
+            and int(response_headers["content-length"]) != len(body)
+        ):
+            return
+
+        cc_req = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(response_headers)
+
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Updating cache with response from "%s"', cache_url)
+
+        # Delete it from the cache if we happen to have it stored there
+        no_store = False
+        if "no-store" in cc:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Response header has "no-store"')
+        if "no-store" in cc_req:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-store"')
+        if no_store and self.cache.get(cache_url):
+            logger.debug('Purging existing cache entry to honor "no-store"')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+        if no_store:
+            return
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.1:
+        # A Vary header field-value of "*" always fails to match.
+        # Storing such a response leads to a deserialization warning
+        # during cache lookup and is not allowed to ever be served,
+        # so storing it can be avoided.
+        if "*" in response_headers.get("vary", ""):
+            logger.debug('Response header has "Vary: *"')
+            return
+
+        # If we've been given an etag, then keep the response
+        if self.cache_etags and "etag" in response_headers:
+            expires_time = 0
+            if response_headers.get("expires"):
+                expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                if expires is not None:
+                    expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+
+            expires_time = max(expires_time, 14 * 86400)
+
+            logger.debug(f"etag object cached for {expires_time} seconds")
+            logger.debug("Caching due to etag")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, body, expires_time)
+
+        # Add to the cache any permanent redirects. We do this before looking
+        # that the Date headers.
+        elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            logger.debug("Caching permanent redirect")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, b"")
+
+        # Add to the cache if the response headers demand it. If there
+        # is no date header then we can't do anything about expiring
+        # the cache.
+        elif "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+            # cache when there is a max-age > 0
+            max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+            if max_age is not None and max_age > 0:
+                logger.debug("Caching b/c date exists and max-age > 0")
+                expires_time = max_age
+                self._cache_set(
+                    cache_url,
+                    request,
+                    response,
+                    body,
+                    expires_time,
+                )
+
+            # If the request can expire, it means we should cache it
+            # in the meantime.
+            elif "expires" in response_headers:
+                if response_headers["expires"]:
+                    expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                    if expires is not None:
+                        expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                    else:
+                        expires_time = None
+
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Caching b/c of expires header. expires in {} seconds".format(
+                            expires_time
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self._cache_set(
+                        cache_url,
+                        request,
+                        response,
+                        body,
+                        expires_time,
+                    )
+
+    def update_cached_response(
+        self, request: PreparedRequest, response: HTTPResponse
+    ) -> HTTPResponse:
+        """On a 304 we will get a new set of headers that we want to
+        update our cached value with, assuming we have one.
+
+        This should only ever be called when we've sent an ETag and
+        gotten a 304 as the response.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        cached_response = self._load_from_cache(request)
+
+        if not cached_response:
+            # we didn't have a cached response
+            return response
+
+        # Lets update our headers with the headers from the new request:
+        # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-26#section-4.1
+        #
+        # The server isn't supposed to send headers that would make
+        # the cached body invalid. But... just in case, we'll be sure
+        # to strip out ones we know that might be problmatic due to
+        # typical assumptions.
+        excluded_headers = ["content-length"]
+
+        cached_response.headers.update(
+            {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in response.headers.items()
+                if k.lower() not in excluded_headers
+            }
+        )
+
+        # we want a 200 b/c we have content via the cache
+        cached_response.status = 200
+
+        # update our cache
+        self._cache_set(cache_url, request, cached_response)
+
+        return cached_response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2514390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import mmap
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.client import HTTPResponse
+
+
+class CallbackFileWrapper:
+    """
+    Small wrapper around a fp object which will tee everything read into a
+    buffer, and when that file is closed it will execute a callback with the
+    contents of that buffer.
+
+    All attributes are proxied to the underlying file object.
+
+    This class uses members with a double underscore (__) leading prefix so as
+    not to accidentally shadow an attribute.
+
+    The data is stored in a temporary file until it is all available.  As long
+    as the temporary files directory is disk-based (sometimes it's a
+    memory-backed-``tmpfs`` on Linux), data will be unloaded to disk if memory
+    pressure is high.  For small files the disk usually won't be used at all,
+    it'll all be in the filesystem memory cache, so there should be no
+    performance impact.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: HTTPResponse, callback: Callable[[bytes], None] | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.__buf = NamedTemporaryFile("rb+", delete=True)
+        self.__fp = fp
+        self.__callback = callback
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        # The vaguaries of garbage collection means that self.__fp is
+        # not always set.  By using __getattribute__ and the private
+        # name[0] allows looking up the attribute value and raising an
+        # AttributeError when it doesn't exist. This stop thigns from
+        # infinitely recursing calls to getattr in the case where
+        # self.__fp hasn't been set.
+        #
+        # [0] https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#atom-identifiers
+        fp = self.__getattribute__("_CallbackFileWrapper__fp")
+        return getattr(fp, name)
+
+    def __is_fp_closed(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self.__fp.fp is None
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            closed: bool = self.__fp.closed
+            return closed
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        # We just don't cache it then.
+        # TODO: Add some logging here...
+        return False
+
+    def _close(self) -> None:
+        if self.__callback:
+            if self.__buf.tell() == 0:
+                # Empty file:
+                result = b""
+            else:
+                # Return the data without actually loading it into memory,
+                # relying on Python's buffer API and mmap(). mmap() just gives
+                # a view directly into the filesystem's memory cache, so it
+                # doesn't result in duplicate memory use.
+                self.__buf.seek(0, 0)
+                result = memoryview(
+                    mmap.mmap(self.__buf.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
+                )
+            self.__callback(result)
+
+        # We assign this to None here, because otherwise we can get into
+        # really tricky problems where the CPython interpreter dead locks
+        # because the callback is holding a reference to something which
+        # has a __del__ method. Setting this to None breaks the cycle
+        # and allows the garbage collector to do it's thing normally.
+        self.__callback = None
+
+        # Closing the temporary file releases memory and frees disk space.
+        # Important when caching big files.
+        self.__buf.close()
+
+    def read(self, amt: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp.read(amt)
+        if data:
+            # We may be dealing with b'', a sign that things are over:
+            # it's passed e.g. after we've already closed self.__buf.
+            self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _safe_read(self, amt: int) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp._safe_read(amt)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if amt == 2 and data == b"\r\n":
+            # urllib executes this read to toss the CRLF at the end
+            # of the chunk.
+            return data
+
+        self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6e5634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import time
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from email.utils import formatdate, parsedate, parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+TIME_FMT = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+
+
+def expire_after(delta: timedelta, date: datetime | None = None) -> datetime:
+    date = date or datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    return date + delta
+
+
+def datetime_to_header(dt: datetime) -> str:
+    return formatdate(calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple()))
+
+
+class BaseHeuristic:
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return a valid 1xx warning header value describing the cache
+        adjustments.
+
+        The response is provided too allow warnings like 113
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.5.4 where we need
+        to explicitly say response is over 24 hours old.
+        """
+        return '110 - "Response is Stale"'
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Update the response headers with any new headers.
+
+        NOTE: This SHOULD always include some Warning header to
+              signify that the response was cached by the client, not
+              by way of the provided headers.
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def apply(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> HTTPResponse:
+        updated_headers = self.update_headers(response)
+
+        if updated_headers:
+            response.headers.update(updated_headers)
+            warning_header_value = self.warning(response)
+            if warning_header_value is not None:
+                response.headers.update({"Warning": warning_header_value})
+
+        return response
+
+
+class OneDayCache(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache the response by providing an expires 1 day in the
+    future.
+    """
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers = {}
+
+        if "expires" not in response.headers:
+            date = parsedate(response.headers["date"])
+            expires = expire_after(timedelta(days=1), date=datetime(*date[:6], tzinfo=timezone.utc))  # type: ignore[index,misc]
+            headers["expires"] = datetime_to_header(expires)
+            headers["cache-control"] = "public"
+        return headers
+
+
+class ExpiresAfter(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache **all** requests for a defined time period.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        self.delta = timedelta(**kw)
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        expires = expire_after(self.delta)
+        return {"expires": datetime_to_header(expires), "cache-control": "public"}
+
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        tmpl = "110 - Automatically cached for %s. Response might be stale"
+        return tmpl % self.delta
+
+
+class LastModified(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    If there is no Expires header already, fall back on Last-Modified
+    using the heuristic from
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.2.2
+    to calculate a reasonable value.
+
+    Firefox also does something like this per
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Caching_FAQ
+    http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-release/source/netwerk/protocol/http/nsHttpResponseHead.cpp#397
+    Unlike mozilla we limit this to 24-hr.
+    """
+
+    cacheable_by_default_statuses = {
+        200,
+        203,
+        204,
+        206,
+        300,
+        301,
+        404,
+        405,
+        410,
+        414,
+        501,
+    }
+
+    def update_headers(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] = resp.headers
+
+        if "expires" in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        if "cache-control" in headers and headers["cache-control"] != "public":
+            return {}
+
+        if resp.status not in self.cacheable_by_default_statuses:
+            return {}
+
+        if "date" not in headers or "last-modified" not in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        last_modified = parsedate(headers["last-modified"])
+        if last_modified is None:
+            return {}
+
+        now = time.time()
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        delta = date - calendar.timegm(last_modified)
+        freshness_lifetime = max(0, min(delta / 10, 24 * 3600))
+        if freshness_lifetime <= current_age:
+            return {}
+
+        expires = date + freshness_lifetime
+        return {"expires": time.strftime(TIME_FMT, time.gmtime(expires))}
+
+    def warning(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a49487a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping, cast
+
+from pip._vendor import msgpack
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+
+
+class Serializer:
+    serde_version = "4"
+
+    def dumps(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if body is None:
+            # When a body isn't passed in, we'll read the response. We
+            # also update the response with a new file handler to be
+            # sure it acts as though it was never read.
+            body = response.read(decode_content=False)
+            response._fp = io.BytesIO(body)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            response.length_remaining = len(body)
+
+        data = {
+            "response": {
+                "body": body,  # Empty bytestring if body is stored separately
+                "headers": {str(k): str(v) for k, v in response.headers.items()},
+                "status": response.status,
+                "version": response.version,
+                "reason": str(response.reason),
+                "decode_content": response.decode_content,
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Construct our vary headers
+        data["vary"] = {}
+        if "vary" in response_headers:
+            varied_headers = response_headers["vary"].split(",")
+            for header in varied_headers:
+                header = str(header).strip()
+                header_value = request.headers.get(header, None)
+                if header_value is not None:
+                    header_value = str(header_value)
+                data["vary"][header] = header_value
+
+        return b",".join([f"cc={self.serde_version}".encode(), self.serialize(data)])
+
+    def serialize(self, data: dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
+        return cast(bytes, msgpack.dumps(data, use_bin_type=True))
+
+    def loads(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # Short circuit if we've been given an empty set of data
+        if not data:
+            return None
+
+        # Previous versions of this library supported other serialization
+        # formats, but these have all been removed.
+        if not data.startswith(f"cc={self.serde_version},".encode()):
+            return None
+
+        data = data[5:]
+        return self._loads_v4(request, data, body_file)
+
+    def prepare_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        cached: Mapping[str, Any],
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """Verify our vary headers match and construct a real urllib3
+        HTTPResponse object.
+        """
+        # Special case the '*' Vary value as it means we cannot actually
+        # determine if the cached response is suitable for this request.
+        # This case is also handled in the controller code when creating
+        # a cache entry, but is left here for backwards compatibility.
+        if "*" in cached.get("vary", {}):
+            return None
+
+        # Ensure that the Vary headers for the cached response match our
+        # request
+        for header, value in cached.get("vary", {}).items():
+            if request.headers.get(header, None) != value:
+                return None
+
+        body_raw = cached["response"].pop("body")
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            data=cached["response"]["headers"]
+        )
+        if headers.get("transfer-encoding", "") == "chunked":
+            headers.pop("transfer-encoding")
+
+        cached["response"]["headers"] = headers
+
+        try:
+            body: IO[bytes]
+            if body_file is None:
+                body = io.BytesIO(body_raw)
+            else:
+                body = body_file
+        except TypeError:
+            # This can happen if cachecontrol serialized to v1 format (pickle)
+            # using Python 2. A Python 2 str(byte string) will be unpickled as
+            # a Python 3 str (unicode string), which will cause the above to
+            # fail with:
+            #
+            #     TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface
+            body = io.BytesIO(body_raw.encode("utf8"))
+
+        # Discard any `strict` parameter serialized by older version of cachecontrol.
+        cached["response"].pop("strict", None)
+
+        return HTTPResponse(body=body, preload_content=False, **cached["response"])
+
+    def _loads_v4(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        try:
+            cached = msgpack.loads(data, raw=False)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+        return self.prepare_response(request, cached, body_file)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f618bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor import requests
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+def CacheControl(
+    sess: requests.Session,
+    cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+    cache_etags: bool = True,
+    serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+    heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+    controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+    adapter_class: type[CacheControlAdapter] | None = None,
+    cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+) -> requests.Session:
+    cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+    adapter_class = adapter_class or CacheControlAdapter
+    adapter = adapter_class(
+        cache,
+        cache_etags=cache_etags,
+        serializer=serializer,
+        heuristic=heuristic,
+        controller_class=controller_class,
+        cacheable_methods=cacheable_methods,
+    )
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    return sess
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d321f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2024.07.04"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0037634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d9ed0c
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd89df7
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..973afdf
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a658158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4798 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA"
+# Serial: 4835703278459707669005204
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:45:52:15:09:51:92:e1:b7:5d:37:9f:b1:87:29:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b1:bc:96:8b:d4:f4:9d:62:2a:a8:9a:81:f2:15:01:52:a4:1d:82:9c
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: eb:d4:10:40:e4:bb:3e:c7:42:c9:e3:81:d3:1e:f2:a4:1a:48:b6:68:5c:96:e7:ce:f3:c1:df:6c:d4:33:1c:99
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Subject: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Label: "Entrust.net Premium 2048 Secure Server CA"
+# Serial: 946069240
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Subject: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Label: "Baltimore CyberTrust Root"
+# Serial: 33554617
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1164660820
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+# Issuer: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Label: "Comodo AAA Services root"
+# Serial: 1
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+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 1289
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3"
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+# Issuer: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Subject: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Label: "XRamp Global CA Root"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Go Daddy Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Starfield Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root CA"
+# Serial: 17154717934120587862167794914071425081
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 87:ce:0b:7b:2a:0e:49:00:e1:58:71:9b:37:a8:93:72
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 10944719598952040374951832963794454346
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 79:e4:a9:84:0d:7d:3a:96:d7:c0:4f:e2:43:4c:89:2e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA"
+# Serial: 3553400076410547919724730734378100087
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Gold CA - G2"
+# Serial: 13492815561806991280
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 24:77:d9:a8:91:d1:3b:fa:88:2d:c2:ff:f8:cd:33:93
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d8:c5:38:8a:b7:30:1b:1b:6e:d4:7a:e6:45:25:3a:6f:9f:1a:27:61
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Silver CA - G2"
+# Serial: 5700383053117599563
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e0:06:a1:c9:7d:cf:c9:fc:0d:c0:56:75:96:d8:62:13
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9b:aa:e5:9f:56:ee:21:cb:43:5a:be:25:93:df:a7:f0:40:d1:1d:cb
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "SecureTrust CA"
+# Serial: 17199774589125277788362757014266862032
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "Secure Global CA"
+# Serial: 9751836167731051554232119481456978597
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 104350513648249232941998508985834464573
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:62:ff:74:9d:31:53:5e:68:4a:d5:78:aa:1e:bf:23
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Subject: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Label: "Certigna"
+# Serial: 18364802974209362175
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Label: "ePKI Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 28956088682735189655030529057352760477
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:2e:00:ca:26:06:90:3d:ad:fe:6f:15:68:d3:6b:b3
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 67:65:0d:f1:7e:8e:7e:5b:82:40:a4:f4:56:4b:cf:e2:3d:69:c6:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Subject: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Label: "certSIGN ROOT CA"
+# Serial: 35210227249154
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 18:98:c0:d6:e9:3a:fc:f9:b0:f5:0c:f7:4b:01:44:17
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: fa:b7:ee:36:97:26:62:fb:2d:b0:2a:f6:bf:03:fd:e8:7c:4b:2f:9b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ea:a9:62:c4:fa:4a:6b:af:eb:e4:15:19:6d:35:1c:cd:88:8d:4f:53:f3:fa:8a:e6:d7:c4:66:a9:4e:60:42:bb
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Label: "SecureSign RootCA11"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b7:52:74:e2:92:b4:80:93:f2:75:e4:cc:d7:f2:ea:26
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
+# Serial: 14014712776195784473
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:49:f4:03:bc:44:2d:83:be:48:69:7d:29:64:fc:b1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:df:74:fe:5c:f4:0f:4a:80:f9:e3:37:7d:54:da:91:e1:01:31:8e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
+# Serial: 4835703278459759426209954
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:df:b8:49:ca:05:13:55:ee:2d:ba:1a:c3:3e:b0:28
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d6:9b:56:11:48:f0:1c:77:c5:45:78:c1:09:26:df:5b:85:69:76:ad
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Subject: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
+# Serial: 917563065490389241595536686991402621
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a6:b0:cd:85:80:da:5c:50:34:a3:39:90:2f:55:67:73
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2f:78:3d:25:52:18:a7:4a:65:39:71:b5:2c:a2:9c:45:15:6f:e9:19
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 80:3a:bc:22:c1:e6:fb:8d:9b:3b:27:4a:32:1b:9a:01
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Commercial"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Networking"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium"
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+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Subject: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium ECC"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 69:c1:0d:4f:07:a3:1b:c3:fe:56:3d:04:bc:11:f6:a6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Subject: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Label: "TeliaSonera Root CA v1"
+# Serial: 199041966741090107964904287217786801558
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2b:9b:9e:e4:7b:6c:1f:00:72:1a:cc:c1:77:79:df:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a1:4b:48:d9:43:ee:0a:0e:40:90:4f:3c:e0:a4:c0:91:93:51:5d:3f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: dd:fb:16:cd:49:31:c9:73:a2:03:7d:3f:c8:3a:4d:7d:77:5d:05:e4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 52:f0:e1:c4:e5:8e:c6:29:29:1b:60:31:7f:07:46:71:b8:5d:7e:a8:0d:5b:07:27:34:63:53:4b:32:b4:02:34
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2b:8f:1b:57:33:0d:bb:a2:d0:7a:6c:51:f7:0e:e9:0d:da:b9:ad:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e7:93:c9:b0:2f:d8:aa:13:e2:1c:31:22:8a:cc:b0:81:19:64:3b:74:9c:89:89:64:b1:74:6d:46:c3:d4:cb:d2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d1:cb:ca:5d:b2:d5:2a:7f:69:3b:67:4d:e5:f0:5a:1d:0c:95:7d:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:24:c6:30:cd:a4:18:ef:20:69:ff:ad:4f:dd:5f:46:3a:1b:69:aa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:9f:bc:14:8a:3d:d0:0f:d2:4e:a1:34:58:cc:43:bf:a7:f5:9c:81:82:d7:83:a5:13:f6:eb:ec:10:0c:89:24
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b3:3e:77:73:75:ee:a0:d3:e3:7e:49:63:49:59:bb:c7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: df:71:7e:aa:4a:d9:4e:c9:55:84:99:60:2d:48:de:5f:bc:f0:3a:25
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 1246989352
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1"
+# Serial: 51543124481930649114116133369
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions ECC RootCA 2015"
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=FNMT-RCM OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
+# Subject: O=FNMT-RCM OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM"
+# Serial: 485876308206448804701554682760554759
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e2:09:04:b4:d3:bd:d1:a0:14:fd:1a:d2:47:c4:57:1d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ec:50:35:07:b2:15:c4:95:62:19:e2:a8:9a:5b:42:99:2c:4c:2c:20
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 143266978916655856878034712317230054538369994
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 43:c6:bf:ae:ec:fe:ad:2f:18:c6:88:68:30:fc:c8:e6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8d:a7:f9:65:ec:5e:fc:37:91:0f:1c:6e:59:fd:c1:cc:6a:6e:de:16
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:e5:8d:ce:a8:42:e2:7a:c0:2a:5c:7c:9e:26:bf:66
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5a:8c:ef:45:d7:a6:98:59:76:7a:8c:8b:44:96:b5:78:cf:47:4b:1a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f6:10:84:07:d6:f8:bb:67:98:0c:c2:e2:44:c2:eb:ae:1c:ef:63:be
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e3:5d:28:41:9e:d0:20:25:cf:a6:90:38:cd:62:39:62:45:8d:a5:c6:95:fb:de:a3:c2:2b:0b:fb:25:89:70:92
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 31:43:64:9b:ec:ce:27:ec:ed:3a:3f:0b:8f:0d:e4:e8:91:dd:ee:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 46:ed:c3:68:90:46:d5:3a:45:3f:b3:10:4a:b8:0d:ca:ec:65:8b:26:60:ea:16:29:dd:7e:86:79:90:64:87:16
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 34:17:bb:06:cc:60:07:da:1b:96:1c:92:0b:8a:b4:ce:3f:ad:82:0e:4a:a3:0b:9a:cb:c4:a7:4e:bd:ce:bc:65
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
+# Serial: 106100277556486529736699587978573607008
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a1:f3:5f:43:c6:34:9b:da:bf:8c:7e:05:53:ad:96:e2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Label: "Certigna Root CA"
+# Serial: 269714418870597844693661054334862075617
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 0e:5c:30:62:27:eb:5b:bc:d7:ae:62:ba:e9:d5:df:77
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9c:42:84:57:dd:cb:0b:a7:2e:95:ad:b6:f3:da:bc:ac
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8a:c7:ad:8f:73:ac:4e:c1:b5:75:4d:a5:40:f4:fc:cf:7c:b5:8e:8c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
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+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4"
+# Serial: 289383649854506086828220374796556676440
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 10:ff:00:ff:cf:c9:f8:c7:7a:c0:ee:35:8e:c9:0f:47
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
+# MD5 Fingerprint: de:1f:f6:9e:84:ae:a7:b4:21:ce:1e:58:7d:d1:84:98
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:d4:83:03:4f:9e:9a:48:80:5f:72:37:d4:a9:a6:ef:cb:7c:1f:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1846098327275375458322922162
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:1c:18:2d:2f:ba:5f:6d:a1:6c:bc:c7:ab:91:c7:0e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 4151900041497450638097112925
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5b:44:e3:8d:5d:36:86:26:e8:0d:05:d2:59:a7:83:54
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b4:90:82:dd:45:0c:be:8b:5b:b1:66:d3:e2:a4:08:26:cd:ed:42:cf
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2704997926503831671788816187
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ea:cf:60:c4:3b:b9:15:29:40:a1:97:ed:78:27:93:d6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
+# Serial: 131542671362353147877283741781055151509
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c4:14:30:e4:fa:66:43:94:2a:6a:1b:24:5f:19:d0:ef
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:a6:44:5a:d9:af:4e:2f:b2:1d:b6:65:b0:4e:e8:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:3e:78:3c:ac:df:f4:a2:cc:ac:67:55:69:56:d7:e5:16:3c:e1:ed
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6b:32:80:85:62:53:18:aa:50:d1:73:c9:8d:8b:da:09:d5:7e:27:41:3d:11:4c:f7:87:a0:f5:d0:6c:03:0c:f6
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 137515985548005187474074462014555733966
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 1977337328857672817
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
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+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R2"
+# Serial: 159662449406622349769042896298
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 159662532700760215368942768210
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
+# Serial: 7288924052977061235122729490515358
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:aa:4b:d5:ed:f7:e3:55:2e:8f:72:0a:f3:75:b8:ed
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:5b:98:f0:e3:b5:f7:74:3c:ed:e6:b0:36:7d:32:cd:f4:09:41:67
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:2d:9d:70:9f:48:99:11:06:11:fb:e9:cb:30:c0:6e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 61:db:8c:21:59:69:03:90:d8:7c:9c:12:86:54:cf:9d:3d:f4:dd:07
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d3:71:04:6a:43:1c:db:a6:59:e1:a8:a3:aa:c5:71:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
+# Serial: 11930366277458970227240571539258396554
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root E1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA3"
+# Serial: 16247922307909811815
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
+# Serial: 15446673492073852651
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
+# Serial: 58605626836079930195615843123109055211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5e:0a:f6:47:5f:a6:14:e8:11:01:95:3f:4d:01:eb:3c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
+# Serial: 88989738453351742415770396670917916916
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
+# Serial: 156256931880233212765902055439220583700
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 32:10:09:52:00:d5:7e:6c:43:df:15:c0:b1:16:93:e5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ec:2c:83:40:72:af:26:95:10:ff:0e:f2:03:ee:31:70:f6:78:9d:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8f:af:7d:2e:2c:b4:70:9b:b8:e0:b3:36:66:bf:75:a5:dd:45:b5:de:48:0f:8e:a8:d4:bf:e6:be:bc:17:f2:ed
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:5f:d9:1a:54:6d:f5:0c:71:f0:ee:7a:bd:17:49:98:84:73:e2:39
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c3:2f:fd:9f:46:f9:36:d1:6c:36:73:99:09:59:43:4b:9a:d6:0a:af:bb:9e:7c:f3:36:54:f1:44:cc:1b:a1:43
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 81873346711060652204712539181482831616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:9f:ad:f1:70:ad:79:d6:ed:29:b4:d1:c5:79:70:a8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9e:bc:75:10:42:b3:02:f3:81:f4:f7:30:62:d4:8f:c3:a7:51:b2:dd
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: b2:fa:e5:3e:14:cc:d7:ab:92:12:06:47:01:ae:27:9c:1d:89:88:fa:cb:77:5f:a8:a0:08:91:4e:66:39:88:a8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G3"
+# Serial: 576386314500428537169965010905813481816650257167
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G4"
+# Serial: 451799571007117016466790293371524403291602933463
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-01 O=CommScope
+# Subject: CN=CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-01 O=CommScope
+# Label: "CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-01"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-02 O=CommScope
+# Subject: CN=CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-02 O=CommScope
+# Label: "CommScope Public Trust ECC Root-02"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-01 O=CommScope
+# Subject: CN=CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-01 O=CommScope
+# Label: "CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-01"
+# Serial: 354030733275608256394402989253558293562031411421
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-02 O=CommScope
+# Subject: CN=CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-02 O=CommScope
+# Label: "CommScope Public Trust RSA Root-02"
+# Serial: 480062499834624527752716769107743131258796508494
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:29:f9:62:7b:76:e2:96:6d:f3:d4:d7:0f:ae:1f:aa
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020"
+# Serial: 72082518505882327255703894282316633856
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023"
+# Serial: 44676229530606711399881795178081572759
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=FIRMAPROFESIONAL CA ROOT-A WEB O=Firmaprofesional SA
+# Subject: CN=FIRMAPROFESIONAL CA ROOT-A WEB O=Firmaprofesional SA
+# Label: "FIRMAPROFESIONAL CA ROOT-A WEB"
+# Serial: 65916896770016886708751106294915943533
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70e0c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+import atexit
+
+def exit_cacert_ctx() -> None:
+    _CACERT_CTX.__exit__(None, None, None)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+    import os
+    import types
+    from typing import Union
+
+    Package = Union[types.ModuleType, str]
+    Resource = Union[str, "os.PathLike"]
+
+    # This fallback will work for Python versions prior to 3.7 that lack the
+    # importlib.resources module but relies on the existing `where` function
+    # so won't address issues with environments like PyOxidizer that don't set
+    # __file__ on modules.
+    def read_text(
+        package: Package,
+        resource: Resource,
+        encoding: str = 'utf-8',
+        errors: str = 'strict'
+    ) -> str:
+        with open(where(), encoding=encoding) as data:
+            return data.read()
+
+    # If we don't have importlib.resources, then we will just do the old logic
+    # of assuming we're on the filesystem and munge the path directly.
+    def where() -> str:
+        f = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+        return os.path.join(f, "cacert.pem")
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e999438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import logging
+
+__version__ = '0.3.8'
+
+
+class DistlibException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+try:
+    from logging import NullHandler
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
+
+        def handle(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def emit(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def createLock(self):
+            self.lock = None
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1138 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:  # pragma: no cover
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    string_types = basestring,
+    text_type = unicode
+    from types import FileType as file_type
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+    import ConfigParser as configparser
+    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+    from urllib import (urlretrieve, quote as _quote, unquote, url2pathname,
+                        pathname2url, ContentTooShortError, splittype)
+
+    def quote(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            s = s.encode('utf-8')
+        return _quote(s)
+
+    import urllib2
+    from urllib2 import (Request, urlopen, URLError, HTTPError,
+                         HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                         HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib2 import HTTPSHandler
+    import httplib
+    import xmlrpclib
+    import Queue as queue
+    from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
+    import htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = raw_input
+    from itertools import ifilter as filter
+    from itertools import ifilterfalse as filterfalse
+
+    # Leaving this around for now, in case it needs resurrecting in some way
+    # _userprog = None
+    # def splituser(host):
+    # """splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
+    # global _userprog
+    # if _userprog is None:
+    # import re
+    # _userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
+
+    # match = _userprog.match(host)
+    # if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    # return None, host
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from io import StringIO
+    string_types = str,
+    text_type = str
+    from io import TextIOWrapper as file_type
+    import builtins
+    import configparser
+    from urllib.parse import (urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, quote, unquote,
+                              urlsplit, urlunsplit, splittype)
+    from urllib.request import (urlopen, urlretrieve, Request, url2pathname,
+                                pathname2url, HTTPBasicAuthHandler,
+                                HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                                HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib.request import HTTPSHandler
+    from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError, ContentTooShortError
+    import http.client as httplib
+    import urllib.request as urllib2
+    import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
+    import queue
+    from html.parser import HTMLParser
+    import html.entities as htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = input
+    from itertools import filterfalse
+    filter = filter
+
+try:
+    from ssl import match_hostname, CertificateError
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class CertificateError(ValueError):
+        pass
+
+    def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+        """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+        """
+        pats = []
+        if not dn:
+            return False
+
+        parts = dn.split('.')
+        leftmost, remainder = parts[0], parts[1:]
+
+        wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
+        if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+            # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+            # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+            # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+            # reasonable choice.
+            raise CertificateError(
+                "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))
+
+        # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+        if not wildcards:
+            return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+        # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+        if leftmost == '*':
+            # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+            # fragment.
+            pats.append('[^.]+')
+        elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
+            # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+            # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+            # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+            # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
+
+        # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+        for frag in remainder:
+            pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+        pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
+        return pat.match(hostname)
+
+    def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+        """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+        SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+        rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+        CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+        returns nothing.
+        """
+        if not cert:
+            raise ValueError("empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+                             "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+                             "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
+        dnsnames = []
+        san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
+        for key, value in san:
+            if key == 'DNS':
+                if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                    return
+                dnsnames.append(value)
+        if not dnsnames:
+            # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+            # in subjectAltName
+            for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
+                for key, value in sub:
+                    # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                    # must be used.
+                    if key == 'commonName':
+                        if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                            return
+                        dnsnames.append(value)
+        if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match either of %s" %
+                                   (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
+        elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match %r" %
+                                   (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+        else:
+            raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
+                                   "subjectAltName fields were found")
+
+
+try:
+    from types import SimpleNamespace as Container
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class Container(object):
+        """
+        A generic container for when multiple values need to be returned
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from shutil import which
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Implementation from Python 3.3
+    def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
+        """Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
+        conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
+        file.
+
+        `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
+        of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
+        path.
+
+        """
+
+        # Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
+        # Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
+        # directories pass the os.access check.
+        def _access_check(fn, mode):
+            return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
+                    and not os.path.isdir(fn))
+
+        # If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
+        # than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
+        # current directory, e.g. ./script
+        if os.path.dirname(cmd):
+            if _access_check(cmd, mode):
+                return cmd
+            return None
+
+        if path is None:
+            path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
+        if not path:
+            return None
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            # The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
+            if os.curdir not in path:
+                path.insert(0, os.curdir)
+
+            # PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
+            pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
+            # See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
+            # This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
+            # If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
+            # others.
+            if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
+                files = [cmd]
+            else:
+                files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
+        else:
+            # On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
+            # what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
+            files = [cmd]
+
+        seen = set()
+        for dir in path:
+            normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
+            if normdir not in seen:
+                seen.add(normdir)
+                for thefile in files:
+                    name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
+                    if _access_check(name, mode):
+                        return name
+        return None
+
+
+# ZipFile is a context manager in 2.7, but not in 2.6
+
+from zipfile import ZipFile as BaseZipFile
+
+if hasattr(BaseZipFile, '__enter__'):  # pragma: no cover
+    ZipFile = BaseZipFile
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from zipfile import ZipExtFile as BaseZipExtFile
+
+    class ZipExtFile(BaseZipExtFile):
+
+        def __init__(self, base):
+            self.__dict__.update(base.__dict__)
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+    class ZipFile(BaseZipFile):
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+        def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            base = BaseZipFile.open(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            return ZipExtFile(base)
+
+
+try:
+    from platform import python_implementation
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def python_implementation():
+        """Return a string identifying the Python implementation."""
+        if 'PyPy' in sys.version:
+            return 'PyPy'
+        if os.name == 'java':
+            return 'Jython'
+        if sys.version.startswith('IronPython'):
+            return 'IronPython'
+        return 'CPython'
+
+
+import sysconfig
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, Callable)
+
+
+try:
+    fsencode = os.fsencode
+    fsdecode = os.fsdecode
+except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Issue #99: on some systems (e.g. containerised),
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding() returns None, and we need a real value,
+    # so fall back to utf-8. From the CPython 2.7 docs relating to Unix and
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding(): the return value is "the user’s preference
+    # according to the result of nl_langinfo(CODESET), or None if the
+    # nl_langinfo(CODESET) failed."
+    _fsencoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or 'utf-8'
+    if _fsencoding == 'mbcs':
+        _fserrors = 'strict'
+    else:
+        _fserrors = 'surrogateescape'
+
+    def fsencode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename.encode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+    def fsdecode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename.decode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+
+try:
+    from tokenize import detect_encoding
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from codecs import BOM_UTF8, lookup
+
+    cookie_re = re.compile(r"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+    def _get_normal_name(orig_enc):
+        """Imitates get_normal_name in tokenizer.c."""
+        # Only care about the first 12 characters.
+        enc = orig_enc[:12].lower().replace("_", "-")
+        if enc == "utf-8" or enc.startswith("utf-8-"):
+            return "utf-8"
+        if enc in ("latin-1", "iso-8859-1", "iso-latin-1") or \
+           enc.startswith(("latin-1-", "iso-8859-1-", "iso-latin-1-")):
+            return "iso-8859-1"
+        return orig_enc
+
+    def detect_encoding(readline):
+        """
+        The detect_encoding() function is used to detect the encoding that should
+        be used to decode a Python source file.  It requires one argument, readline,
+        in the same way as the tokenize() generator.
+
+        It will call readline a maximum of twice, and return the encoding used
+        (as a string) and a list of any lines (left as bytes) it has read in.
+
+        It detects the encoding from the presence of a utf-8 bom or an encoding
+        cookie as specified in pep-0263.  If both a bom and a cookie are present,
+        but disagree, a SyntaxError will be raised.  If the encoding cookie is an
+        invalid charset, raise a SyntaxError.  Note that if a utf-8 bom is found,
+        'utf-8-sig' is returned.
+
+        If no encoding is specified, then the default of 'utf-8' will be returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            filename = readline.__self__.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            filename = None
+        bom_found = False
+        encoding = None
+        default = 'utf-8'
+
+        def read_or_stop():
+            try:
+                return readline()
+            except StopIteration:
+                return b''
+
+        def find_cookie(line):
+            try:
+                # Decode as UTF-8. Either the line is an encoding declaration,
+                # in which case it should be pure ASCII, or it must be UTF-8
+                # per default encoding.
+                line_string = line.decode('utf-8')
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                msg = "invalid or missing encoding declaration"
+                if filename is not None:
+                    msg = '{} for {!r}'.format(msg, filename)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            matches = cookie_re.findall(line_string)
+            if not matches:
+                return None
+            encoding = _get_normal_name(matches[0])
+            try:
+                codec = lookup(encoding)
+            except LookupError:
+                # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                if filename is None:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding: " + encoding
+                else:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding for {!r}: {}".format(
+                        filename, encoding)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            if bom_found:
+                if codec.name != 'utf-8':
+                    # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                    if filename is None:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem: utf-8'
+                    else:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem for {!r}: utf-8'.format(
+                            filename)
+                    raise SyntaxError(msg)
+                encoding += '-sig'
+            return encoding
+
+        first = read_or_stop()
+        if first.startswith(BOM_UTF8):
+            bom_found = True
+            first = first[3:]
+            default = 'utf-8-sig'
+        if not first:
+            return default, []
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(first)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first]
+
+        second = read_or_stop()
+        if not second:
+            return default, [first]
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(second)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first, second]
+
+        return default, [first, second]
+
+
+# For converting & <-> &amp; etc.
+try:
+    from html import escape
+except ImportError:
+    from cgi import escape
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 4):
+    unescape = HTMLParser().unescape
+else:
+    from html import unescape
+
+try:
+    from collections import ChainMap
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections import MutableMapping
+
+    try:
+        from reprlib import recursive_repr as _recursive_repr
+    except ImportError:
+
+        def _recursive_repr(fillvalue='...'):
+            '''
+            Decorator to make a repr function return fillvalue for a recursive
+            call
+            '''
+
+            def decorating_function(user_function):
+                repr_running = set()
+
+                def wrapper(self):
+                    key = id(self), get_ident()
+                    if key in repr_running:
+                        return fillvalue
+                    repr_running.add(key)
+                    try:
+                        result = user_function(self)
+                    finally:
+                        repr_running.discard(key)
+                    return result
+
+                # Can't use functools.wraps() here because of bootstrap issues
+                wrapper.__module__ = getattr(user_function, '__module__')
+                wrapper.__doc__ = getattr(user_function, '__doc__')
+                wrapper.__name__ = getattr(user_function, '__name__')
+                wrapper.__annotations__ = getattr(user_function,
+                                                  '__annotations__', {})
+                return wrapper
+
+            return decorating_function
+
+    class ChainMap(MutableMapping):
+        '''
+        A ChainMap groups multiple dicts (or other mappings) together
+        to create a single, updateable view.
+
+        The underlying mappings are stored in a list.  That list is public and can
+        accessed or updated using the *maps* attribute.  There is no other state.
+
+        Lookups search the underlying mappings successively until a key is found.
+        In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions only operate on the first
+        mapping.
+        '''
+
+        def __init__(self, *maps):
+            '''Initialize a ChainMap by setting *maps* to the given mappings.
+            If no mappings are provided, a single empty dictionary is used.
+
+            '''
+            self.maps = list(maps) or [{}]  # always at least one map
+
+        def __missing__(self, key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                try:
+                    return mapping[
+                        key]  # can't use 'key in mapping' with defaultdict
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            return self.__missing__(
+                key)  # support subclasses that define __missing__
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            return self[key] if key in self else default
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            return len(set().union(
+                *self.maps))  # reuses stored hash values if possible
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return iter(set().union(*self.maps))
+
+        def __contains__(self, key):
+            return any(key in m for m in self.maps)
+
+        def __bool__(self):
+            return any(self.maps)
+
+        @_recursive_repr()
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return '{0.__class__.__name__}({1})'.format(
+                self, ', '.join(map(repr, self.maps)))
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, *args):
+            'Create a ChainMap with a single dict created from the iterable.'
+            return cls(dict.fromkeys(iterable, *args))
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'New ChainMap or subclass with a new copy of maps[0] and refs to maps[1:]'
+            return self.__class__(self.maps[0].copy(), *self.maps[1:])
+
+        __copy__ = copy
+
+        def new_child(self):  # like Django's Context.push()
+            'New ChainMap with a new dict followed by all previous maps.'
+            return self.__class__({}, *self.maps)
+
+        @property
+        def parents(self):  # like Django's Context.pop()
+            'New ChainMap from maps[1:].'
+            return self.__class__(*self.maps[1:])
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+            self.maps[0][key] = value
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key):
+            try:
+                del self.maps[0][key]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def popitem(self):
+            'Remove and return an item pair from maps[0]. Raise KeyError is maps[0] is empty.'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].popitem()
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError('No keys found in the first mapping.')
+
+        def pop(self, key, *args):
+            'Remove *key* from maps[0] and return its value. Raise KeyError if *key* not in maps[0].'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].pop(key, *args)
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'Clear maps[0], leaving maps[1:] intact.'
+            self.maps[0].clear()
+
+
+try:
+    from importlib.util import cache_from_source  # Python >= 3.4
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def cache_from_source(path, debug_override=None):
+        assert path.endswith('.py')
+        if debug_override is None:
+            debug_override = __debug__
+        if debug_override:
+            suffix = 'c'
+        else:
+            suffix = 'o'
+        return path + suffix
+
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/ (r9)
+    # Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
+    # Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
+    try:
+        from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+
+    try:
+        from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    class OrderedDict(dict):
+        'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
+
+        # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
+        # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
+        # The remaining methods are order-aware.
+        # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
+
+        # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
+        # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
+        # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
+        # Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
+            regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
+            because their insertion order is arbitrary.
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 1:
+                raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' %
+                                len(args))
+            try:
+                self.__root
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.__root = root = []  # sentinel node
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map = {}
+            self.__update(*args, **kwds)
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
+            'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
+            # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
+            # list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
+            if key not in self:
+                root = self.__root
+                last = root[0]
+                last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
+            dict_setitem(self, key, value)
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
+            'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
+            # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
+            # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
+            dict_delitem(self, key)
+            link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
+            link_prev[1] = link_next
+            link_next[0] = link_prev
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[1]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[1]
+
+        def __reversed__(self):
+            'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[0]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[0]
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
+            try:
+                for node in self.__map.itervalues():
+                    del node[:]
+                root = self.__root
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map.clear()
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            dict.clear(self)
+
+        def popitem(self, last=True):
+            '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
+            Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
+
+            '''
+            if not self:
+                raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+            root = self.__root
+            if last:
+                link = root[0]
+                link_prev = link[0]
+                link_prev[1] = root
+                root[0] = link_prev
+            else:
+                link = root[1]
+                link_next = link[1]
+                root[1] = link_next
+                link_next[0] = root
+            key = link[2]
+            del self.__map[key]
+            value = dict.pop(self, key)
+            return key, value
+
+        # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
+
+        def keys(self):
+            'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
+            return list(self)
+
+        def values(self):
+            'od.values() -> list of values in od'
+            return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+        def items(self):
+            'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
+            return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+        def iterkeys(self):
+            'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
+            return iter(self)
+
+        def itervalues(self):
+            'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield self[k]
+
+        def iteritems(self):
+            'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield (k, self[k])
+
+        def update(*args, **kwds):
+            '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
+
+            If E is a dict instance, does:           for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
+            If E has a .keys() method, does:         for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
+            Or if E is an iterable of items, does:   for k, v in E: od[k] = v
+            In either case, this is followed by:     for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 2:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
+                                'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args), ))
+            elif not args:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
+            self = args[0]
+            # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
+            other = ()
+            if len(args) == 2:
+                other = args[1]
+            if isinstance(other, dict):
+                for key in other:
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+                for key in other.keys():
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            else:
+                for key, value in other:
+                    self[key] = value
+            for key, value in kwds.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+        __update = update  # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
+
+        __marker = object()
+
+        def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+            '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+            If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+
+            '''
+            if key in self:
+                result = self[key]
+                del self[key]
+                return result
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+            return default
+
+        def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+            'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
+            if key in self:
+                return self[key]
+            self[key] = default
+            return default
+
+        def __repr__(self, _repr_running=None):
+            'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
+            if not _repr_running:
+                _repr_running = {}
+            call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
+            if call_key in _repr_running:
+                return '...'
+            _repr_running[call_key] = 1
+            try:
+                if not self:
+                    return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__, )
+                return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
+            finally:
+                del _repr_running[call_key]
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            'Return state information for pickling'
+            items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
+            inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+            for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
+                inst_dict.pop(k, None)
+            if inst_dict:
+                return (self.__class__, (items, ), inst_dict)
+            return self.__class__, (items, )
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
+            return self.__class__(self)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+            '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
+            and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
+
+            '''
+            d = cls()
+            for key in iterable:
+                d[key] = value
+            return d
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
+            while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
+
+            '''
+            if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+                return len(self) == len(
+                    other) and self.items() == other.items()
+            return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return not self == other
+
+        # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
+
+        def viewkeys(self):
+            "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
+            return KeysView(self)
+
+        def viewvalues(self):
+            "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
+            return ValuesView(self)
+
+        def viewitems(self):
+            "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
+            return ItemsView(self)
+
+
+try:
+    from logging.config import BaseConfigurator, valid_ident
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    IDENTIFIER = re.compile('^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$', re.I)
+
+    def valid_ident(s):
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+        if not m:
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid Python identifier: %r' % s)
+        return True
+
+    # The ConvertingXXX classes are wrappers around standard Python containers,
+    # and they serve to convert any suitable values in the container. The
+    # conversion converts base dicts, lists and tuples to their wrapped
+    # equivalents, whereas strings which match a conversion format are converted
+    # appropriately.
+    #
+    # Each wrapper should have a configurator attribute holding the actual
+    # configurator to use for conversion.
+
+    class ConvertingDict(dict):
+        """A converting dictionary wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            value = dict.get(self, key, default)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=None):
+        value = dict.pop(self, key, default)
+        result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+        if value is not result:
+            if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                ConvertingTuple):
+                result.parent = self
+                result.key = key
+        return result
+
+    class ConvertingList(list):
+        """A converting list wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = list.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def pop(self, idx=-1):
+            value = list.pop(self, idx)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+            return result
+
+    class ConvertingTuple(tuple):
+        """A converting tuple wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = tuple.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    class BaseConfigurator(object):
+        """
+        The configurator base class which defines some useful defaults.
+        """
+
+        CONVERT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(?P<prefix>[a-z]+)://(?P<suffix>.*)$')
+
+        WORD_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        DOT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\.\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        INDEX_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\[\s*(\w+)\s*\]\s*')
+        DIGIT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
+
+        value_converters = {
+            'ext': 'ext_convert',
+            'cfg': 'cfg_convert',
+        }
+
+        # We might want to use a different one, e.g. importlib
+        importer = staticmethod(__import__)
+
+        def __init__(self, config):
+            self.config = ConvertingDict(config)
+            self.config.configurator = self
+
+        def resolve(self, s):
+            """
+            Resolve strings to objects using standard import and attribute
+            syntax.
+            """
+            name = s.split('.')
+            used = name.pop(0)
+            try:
+                found = self.importer(used)
+                for frag in name:
+                    used += '.' + frag
+                    try:
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        self.importer(used)
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                return found
+            except ImportError:
+                e, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
+                v = ValueError('Cannot resolve %r: %s' % (s, e))
+                v.__cause__, v.__traceback__ = e, tb
+                raise v
+
+        def ext_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the ext:// protocol."""
+            return self.resolve(value)
+
+        def cfg_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the cfg:// protocol."""
+            rest = value
+            m = self.WORD_PATTERN.match(rest)
+            if m is None:
+                raise ValueError("Unable to convert %r" % value)
+            else:
+                rest = rest[m.end():]
+                d = self.config[m.groups()[0]]
+                while rest:
+                    m = self.DOT_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                    if m:
+                        d = d[m.groups()[0]]
+                    else:
+                        m = self.INDEX_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                        if m:
+                            idx = m.groups()[0]
+                            if not self.DIGIT_PATTERN.match(idx):
+                                d = d[idx]
+                            else:
+                                try:
+                                    n = int(
+                                        idx
+                                    )  # try as number first (most likely)
+                                    d = d[n]
+                                except TypeError:
+                                    d = d[idx]
+                    if m:
+                        rest = rest[m.end():]
+                    else:
+                        raise ValueError('Unable to convert '
+                                         '%r at %r' % (value, rest))
+            # rest should be empty
+            return d
+
+        def convert(self, value):
+            """
+            Convert values to an appropriate type. dicts, lists and tuples are
+            replaced by their converting alternatives. Strings are checked to
+            see if they have a conversion format and are converted if they do.
+            """
+            if not isinstance(value, ConvertingDict) and isinstance(
+                    value, dict):
+                value = ConvertingDict(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingList) and isinstance(
+                    value, list):
+                value = ConvertingList(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingTuple) and isinstance(value, tuple):
+                value = ConvertingTuple(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif isinstance(value, string_types):
+                m = self.CONVERT_PATTERN.match(value)
+                if m:
+                    d = m.groupdict()
+                    prefix = d['prefix']
+                    converter = self.value_converters.get(prefix, None)
+                    if converter:
+                        suffix = d['suffix']
+                        converter = getattr(self, converter)
+                        value = converter(suffix)
+            return value
+
+        def configure_custom(self, config):
+            """Configure an object with a user-supplied factory."""
+            c = config.pop('()')
+            if not callable(c):
+                c = self.resolve(c)
+            props = config.pop('.', None)
+            # Check for valid identifiers
+            kwargs = dict([(k, config[k]) for k in config if valid_ident(k)])
+            result = c(**kwargs)
+            if props:
+                for name, value in props.items():
+                    setattr(result, name, value)
+            return result
+
+        def as_tuple(self, value):
+            """Utility function which converts lists to tuples."""
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                value = tuple(value)
+            return value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3765f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""PEP 376 implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import sys
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException, resources
+from .compat import StringIO
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .metadata import (Metadata, METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                       LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+from .util import (parse_requirement, cached_property, parse_name_and_version,
+                   read_exports, write_exports, CSVReader, CSVWriter)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Distribution', 'BaseInstalledDistribution', 'InstalledDistribution',
+    'EggInfoDistribution', 'DistributionPath'
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+EXPORTS_FILENAME = 'pydist-exports.json'
+COMMANDS_FILENAME = 'pydist-commands.json'
+
+DIST_FILES = ('INSTALLER', METADATA_FILENAME, 'RECORD', 'REQUESTED',
+              'RESOURCES', EXPORTS_FILENAME, 'SHARED')
+
+DISTINFO_EXT = '.dist-info'
+
+
+class _Cache(object):
+    """
+    A simple cache mapping names and .dist-info paths to distributions
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance. There is normally one for each DistributionPath.
+        """
+        self.name = {}
+        self.path = {}
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache, setting it to its initial state.
+        """
+        self.name.clear()
+        self.path.clear()
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def add(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the cache.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        if dist.path not in self.path:
+            self.path[dist.path] = dist
+            self.name.setdefault(dist.key, []).append(dist)
+
+
+class DistributionPath(object):
+    """
+    Represents a set of distributions installed on a path (typically sys.path).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, include_egg=False):
+        """
+        Create an instance from a path, optionally including legacy (distutils/
+        setuptools/distribute) distributions.
+        :param path: The path to use, as a list of directories. If not specified,
+                     sys.path is used.
+        :param include_egg: If True, this instance will look for and return legacy
+                            distributions as well as those based on PEP 376.
+        """
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.path = path
+        self._include_dist = True
+        self._include_egg = include_egg
+
+        self._cache = _Cache()
+        self._cache_egg = _Cache()
+        self._cache_enabled = True
+        self._scheme = get_scheme('default')
+
+    def _get_cache_enabled(self):
+        return self._cache_enabled
+
+    def _set_cache_enabled(self, value):
+        self._cache_enabled = value
+
+    cache_enabled = property(_get_cache_enabled, _set_cache_enabled)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """
+        Clears the internal cache.
+        """
+        self._cache.clear()
+        self._cache_egg.clear()
+
+    def _yield_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Yield .dist-info and/or .egg(-info) distributions.
+        """
+        # We need to check if we've seen some resources already, because on
+        # some Linux systems (e.g. some Debian/Ubuntu variants) there are
+        # symlinks which alias other files in the environment.
+        seen = set()
+        for path in self.path:
+            finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+            if finder is None:
+                continue
+            r = finder.find('')
+            if not r or not r.is_container:
+                continue
+            rset = sorted(r.resources)
+            for entry in rset:
+                r = finder.find(entry)
+                if not r or r.path in seen:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if self._include_dist and entry.endswith(DISTINFO_EXT):
+                        possible_filenames = [
+                            METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                            LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+                        ]
+                        for metadata_filename in possible_filenames:
+                            metadata_path = posixpath.join(
+                                entry, metadata_filename)
+                            pydist = finder.find(metadata_path)
+                            if pydist:
+                                break
+                        else:
+                            continue
+
+                        with contextlib.closing(pydist.as_stream()) as stream:
+                            metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream,
+                                                scheme='legacy')
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield new_dist_class(r.path,
+                                             metadata=metadata,
+                                             env=self)
+                    elif self._include_egg and entry.endswith(
+                            ('.egg-info', '.egg')):
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield old_dist_class(r.path, self)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = 'Unable to read distribution at %s, perhaps due to bad metadata: %s'
+                    logger.warning(msg, r.path, e)
+                    import warnings
+                    warnings.warn(msg % (r.path, e), stacklevel=2)
+
+    def _generate_cache(self):
+        """
+        Scan the path for distributions and populate the cache with
+        those that are found.
+        """
+        gen_dist = not self._cache.generated
+        gen_egg = self._include_egg and not self._cache_egg.generated
+        if gen_dist or gen_egg:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if isinstance(dist, InstalledDistribution):
+                    self._cache.add(dist)
+                else:
+                    self._cache_egg.add(dist)
+
+            if gen_dist:
+                self._cache.generated = True
+            if gen_egg:
+                self._cache_egg.generated = True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def distinfo_dirname(cls, name, version):
+        """
+        The *name* and *version* parameters are converted into their
+        filename-escaped form, i.e. any ``'-'`` characters are replaced
+        with ``'_'`` other than the one in ``'dist-info'`` and the one
+        separating the name from the version number.
+
+        :parameter name: is converted to a standard distribution name by replacing
+                         any runs of non- alphanumeric characters with a single
+                         ``'-'``.
+        :type name: string
+        :parameter version: is converted to a standard version string. Spaces
+                            become dots, and all other non-alphanumeric characters
+                            (except dots) become dashes, with runs of multiple
+                            dashes condensed to a single dash.
+        :type version: string
+        :returns: directory name
+        :rtype: string"""
+        name = name.replace('-', '_')
+        return '-'.join([name, version]) + DISTINFO_EXT
+
+    def get_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Provides an iterator that looks for distributions and returns
+        :class:`InstalledDistribution` or
+        :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances for each one of them.
+
+        :rtype: iterator of :class:`InstalledDistribution` and
+                :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances
+        """
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                yield dist
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            for dist in self._cache.path.values():
+                yield dist
+
+            if self._include_egg:
+                for dist in self._cache_egg.path.values():
+                    yield dist
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name):
+        """
+        Looks for a named distribution on the path.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, as no more than one
+        value is expected. If nothing is found, ``None`` is returned.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`InstalledDistribution`, :class:`EggInfoDistribution`
+                or ``None``
+        """
+        result = None
+        name = name.lower()
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if dist.key == name:
+                    result = dist
+                    break
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            if name in self._cache.name:
+                result = self._cache.name[name][0]
+            elif self._include_egg and name in self._cache_egg.name:
+                result = self._cache_egg.name[name][0]
+        return result
+
+    def provides_distribution(self, name, version=None):
+        """
+        Iterates over all distributions to find which distributions provide *name*.
+        If a *version* is provided, it will be used to filter the results.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, since no more than
+        one values are expected. If the directory is not found, returns ``None``.
+
+        :parameter version: a version specifier that indicates the version
+                            required, conforming to the format in ``PEP-345``
+
+        :type name: string
+        :type version: string
+        """
+        matcher = None
+        if version is not None:
+            try:
+                matcher = self._scheme.matcher('%s (%s)' % (name, version))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DistlibException('invalid name or version: %r, %r' %
+                                       (name, version))
+
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            # We hit a problem on Travis where enum34 was installed and doesn't
+            # have a provides attribute ...
+            if not hasattr(dist, 'provides'):
+                logger.debug('No "provides": %s', dist)
+            else:
+                provided = dist.provides
+
+                for p in provided:
+                    p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+                    if matcher is None:
+                        if p_name == name:
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        if p_name == name and matcher.match(p_ver):
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+
+    def get_file_path(self, name, relative_path):
+        """
+        Return the path to a resource file.
+        """
+        dist = self.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            raise LookupError('no distribution named %r found' % name)
+        return dist.get_resource_path(relative_path)
+
+    def get_exported_entries(self, category, name=None):
+        """
+        Return all of the exported entries in a particular category.
+
+        :param category: The category to search for entries.
+        :param name: If specified, only entries with that name are returned.
+        """
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            r = dist.exports
+            if category in r:
+                d = r[category]
+                if name is not None:
+                    if name in d:
+                        yield d[name]
+                else:
+                    for v in d.values():
+                        yield v
+
+
+class Distribution(object):
+    """
+    A base class for distributions, whether installed or from indexes.
+    Either way, it must have some metadata, so that's all that's needed
+    for construction.
+    """
+
+    build_time_dependency = False
+    """
+    Set to True if it's known to be only a build-time dependency (i.e.
+    not needed after installation).
+    """
+
+    requested = False
+    """A boolean that indicates whether the ``REQUESTED`` metadata file is
+    present (in other words, whether the package was installed by user
+    request or it was installed as a dependency)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: The instance of :class:`Metadata` describing this
+        distribution.
+        """
+        self.metadata = metadata
+        self.name = metadata.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        self.version = metadata.version
+        self.locator = None
+        self.digest = None
+        self.extras = None  # additional features requested
+        self.context = None  # environment marker overrides
+        self.download_urls = set()
+        self.digests = {}
+
+    @property
+    def source_url(self):
+        """
+        The source archive download URL for this distribution.
+        """
+        return self.metadata.source_url
+
+    download_url = source_url  # Backward compatibility
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        """
+        A utility property which displays the name and version in parentheses.
+        """
+        return '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        """
+        A set of distribution names and versions provided by this distribution.
+        :return: A set of "name (version)" strings.
+        """
+        plist = self.metadata.provides
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in plist:
+            plist.append(s)
+        return plist
+
+    def _get_requirements(self, req_attr):
+        md = self.metadata
+        reqts = getattr(md, req_attr)
+        logger.debug('%s: got requirements %r from metadata: %r', self.name,
+                     req_attr, reqts)
+        return set(
+            md.get_requirements(reqts, extras=self.extras, env=self.context))
+
+    @property
+    def run_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('run_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def meta_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('meta_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def build_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('build_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def test_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('test_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def dev_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('dev_requires')
+
+    def matches_requirement(self, req):
+        """
+        Say if this instance matches (fulfills) a requirement.
+        :param req: The requirement to match.
+        :rtype req: str
+        :return: True if it matches, else False.
+        """
+        # Requirement may contain extras - parse to lose those
+        # from what's passed to the matcher
+        r = parse_requirement(req)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.metadata.scheme)
+        try:
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only', req)
+            name = req.split()[0]
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+        name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+        result = False
+        for p in self.provides:
+            p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            if p_name != name:
+                continue
+            try:
+                result = matcher.match(p_ver)
+                break
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a textual representation of this instance,
+        """
+        if self.source_url:
+            suffix = ' [%s]' % self.source_url
+        else:
+            suffix = ''
+        return '<Distribution %s (%s)%s>' % (self.name, self.version, suffix)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """
+        See if this distribution is the same as another.
+        :param other: The distribution to compare with. To be equal to one
+                      another. distributions must have the same type, name,
+                      version and source_url.
+        :return: True if it is the same, else False.
+        """
+        if type(other) is not type(self):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+                      and self.source_url == other.source_url)
+        return result
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Compute hash in a way which matches the equality test.
+        """
+        return hash(self.name) + hash(self.version) + hash(self.source_url)
+
+
+class BaseInstalledDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    This is the base class for installed distributions (whether PEP 376 or
+    legacy).
+    """
+
+    hasher = None
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata, path, env=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: An instance of :class:`Metadata` which describes the
+                         distribution. This will normally have been initialised
+                         from a metadata file in the ``path``.
+        :param path:     The path of the ``.dist-info`` or ``.egg-info``
+                         directory for the distribution.
+        :param env:      This is normally the :class:`DistributionPath`
+                         instance where this distribution was found.
+        """
+        super(BaseInstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata)
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hasher=None):
+        """
+        Get the hash of some data, using a particular hash algorithm, if
+        specified.
+
+        :param data: The data to be hashed.
+        :type data: bytes
+        :param hasher: The name of a hash implementation, supported by hashlib,
+                       or ``None``. Examples of valid values are ``'sha1'``,
+                       ``'sha224'``, ``'sha384'``, '``sha256'``, ``'md5'`` and
+                       ``'sha512'``. If no hasher is specified, the ``hasher``
+                       attribute of the :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance
+                       is used. If the hasher is determined to be ``None``, MD5
+                       is used as the hashing algorithm.
+        :returns: The hash of the data. If a hasher was explicitly specified,
+                  the returned hash will be prefixed with the specified hasher
+                  followed by '='.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = self.hasher
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = hashlib.md5
+            prefix = ''
+        else:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hasher)
+            prefix = '%s=' % self.hasher
+        digest = hasher(data).digest()
+        digest = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return '%s%s' % (prefix, digest)
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """
+    Created with the *path* of the ``.dist-info`` directory provided to the
+    constructor. It reads the metadata contained in ``pydist.json`` when it is
+    instantiated., or uses a passed in Metadata instance (useful for when
+    dry-run mode is being used).
+    """
+
+    hasher = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, path, metadata=None, env=None):
+        self.modules = []
+        self.finder = finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise ValueError('finder unavailable for %s' % path)
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache.path:
+            metadata = env._cache.path[path].metadata
+        elif metadata is None:
+            r = finder.find(METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for Wheel 0.23 support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for legacy support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if r is None:
+                raise ValueError('no %s found in %s' %
+                                 (METADATA_FILENAME, path))
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream, scheme='legacy')
+
+        super(InstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+        if env and env._cache_enabled:
+            env._cache.add(self)
+
+        r = finder.find('REQUESTED')
+        self.requested = r is not None
+        p = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(p):
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+            self.modules = data.splitlines()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<InstalledDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (
+            self.name, self.version, self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def _get_records(self):
+        """
+        Get the list of installed files for the distribution
+        :return: A list of tuples of path, hash and size. Note that hash and
+                 size might be ``None`` for some entries. The path is exactly
+                 as stored in the file (which is as in PEP 376).
+        """
+        results = []
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RECORD')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as record_reader:
+                # Base location is parent dir of .dist-info dir
+                # base_location = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+                # base_location = os.path.abspath(base_location)
+                for row in record_reader:
+                    missing = [None for i in range(len(row), 3)]
+                    path, checksum, size = row + missing
+                    # if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                    #     path = path.replace('/', os.sep)
+                    #     path = os.path.join(base_location, path)
+                    results.append((path, checksum, size))
+        return results
+
+    @cached_property
+    def exports(self):
+        """
+        Return the information exported by this distribution.
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a dict
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries, and keyed by name.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            result = self.read_exports()
+        return result
+
+    def read_exports(self):
+        """
+        Read exports data from a file in .ini format.
+
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a list
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                result = read_exports(stream)
+        return result
+
+    def write_exports(self, exports):
+        """
+        Write a dictionary of exports to a file in .ini format.
+        :param exports: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to
+                        a list of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the
+                        individual export entries.
+        """
+        rf = self.get_distinfo_file(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        with open(rf, 'w') as f:
+            write_exports(exports, f)
+
+    def get_resource_path(self, relative_path):
+        """
+        NOTE: This API may change in the future.
+
+        Return the absolute path to a resource file with the given relative
+        path.
+
+        :param relative_path: The path, relative to .dist-info, of the resource
+                              of interest.
+        :return: The absolute path where the resource is to be found.
+        """
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RESOURCES')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as resources_reader:
+                for relative, destination in resources_reader:
+                    if relative == relative_path:
+                        return destination
+        raise KeyError('no resource file with relative path %r '
+                       'is installed' % relative_path)
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: iterator of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+        for result in self._get_records():
+            yield result
+
+    def write_installed_files(self, paths, prefix, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Writes the ``RECORD`` file, using the ``paths`` iterable passed in. Any
+        existing ``RECORD`` file is silently overwritten.
+
+        prefix is used to determine when to write absolute paths.
+        """
+        prefix = os.path.join(prefix, '')
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        base_under_prefix = base.startswith(prefix)
+        base = os.path.join(base, '')
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        logger.info('creating %s', record_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for path in paths:
+                if os.path.isdir(path) or path.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    # do not put size and hash, as in PEP-376
+                    hash_value = size = ''
+                else:
+                    size = '%d' % os.path.getsize(path)
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as fp:
+                        hash_value = self.get_hash(fp.read())
+                if path.startswith(base) or (base_under_prefix
+                                             and path.startswith(prefix)):
+                    path = os.path.relpath(path, base)
+                writer.writerow((path, hash_value, size))
+
+            # add the RECORD file itself
+            if record_path.startswith(base):
+                record_path = os.path.relpath(record_path, base)
+            writer.writerow((record_path, '', ''))
+        return record_path
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        for path, hash_value, size in self.list_installed_files():
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path == record_path:
+                continue
+            if not os.path.exists(path):
+                mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+            elif os.path.isfile(path):
+                actual_size = str(os.path.getsize(path))
+                if size and actual_size != size:
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'size', size, actual_size))
+                elif hash_value:
+                    if '=' in hash_value:
+                        hasher = hash_value.split('=', 1)[0]
+                    else:
+                        hasher = None
+
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                        actual_hash = self.get_hash(f.read(), hasher)
+                        if actual_hash != hash_value:
+                            mismatches.append(
+                                (path, 'hash', hash_value, actual_hash))
+        return mismatches
+
+    @cached_property
+    def shared_locations(self):
+        """
+        A dictionary of shared locations whose keys are in the set 'prefix',
+        'purelib', 'platlib', 'scripts', 'headers', 'data' and 'namespace'.
+        The corresponding value is the absolute path of that category for
+        this distribution, and takes into account any paths selected by the
+        user at installation time (e.g. via command-line arguments). In the
+        case of the 'namespace' key, this would be a list of absolute paths
+        for the roots of namespace packages in this distribution.
+
+        The first time this property is accessed, the relevant information is
+        read from the SHARED file in the .dist-info directory.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        if os.path.isfile(shared_path):
+            with codecs.open(shared_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                lines = f.read().splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                key, value = line.split('=', 1)
+                if key == 'namespace':
+                    result.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+                else:
+                    result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    def write_shared_locations(self, paths, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Write shared location information to the SHARED file in .dist-info.
+        :param paths: A dictionary as described in the documentation for
+        :meth:`shared_locations`.
+        :param dry_run: If True, the action is logged but no file is actually
+                        written.
+        :return: The path of the file written to.
+        """
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        logger.info('creating %s', shared_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        lines = []
+        for key in ('prefix', 'lib', 'headers', 'scripts', 'data'):
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(paths[key]):
+                lines.append('%s=%s' % (key, path))
+        for ns in paths.get('namespace', ()):
+            lines.append('namespace=%s' % ns)
+
+        with codecs.open(shared_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(lines))
+        return shared_path
+
+    def get_distinfo_resource(self, path):
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+        finder = resources.finder_for_path(self.path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get a finder for %s' % self.path)
+        return finder.find(path)
+
+    def get_distinfo_file(self, path):
+        """
+        Returns a path located under the ``.dist-info`` directory. Returns a
+        string representing the path.
+
+        :parameter path: a ``'/'``-separated path relative to the
+                         ``.dist-info`` directory or an absolute path;
+                         If *path* is an absolute path and doesn't start
+                         with the ``.dist-info`` directory path,
+                         a :class:`DistlibException` is raised
+        :type path: str
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        # Check if it is an absolute path  # XXX use relpath, add tests
+        if path.find(os.sep) >= 0:
+            # it's an absolute path?
+            distinfo_dirname, path = path.split(os.sep)[-2:]
+            if distinfo_dirname != self.path.split(os.sep)[-1]:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    'dist-info file %r does not belong to the %r %s '
+                    'distribution' % (path, self.name, self.version))
+
+        # The file must be relative
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+
+        return os.path.join(self.path, path)
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns paths for each line if
+        the path is pointing to a file located in the ``.dist-info`` directory
+        or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        for path, checksum, size in self._get_records():
+            # XXX add separator or use real relpath algo
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path.startswith(self.path):
+                yield path
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, InstalledDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """Created with the *path* of the ``.egg-info`` directory or file provided
+    to the constructor. It reads the metadata contained in the file itself, or
+    if the given path happens to be a directory, the metadata is read from the
+    file ``PKG-INFO`` under that directory."""
+
+    requested = True  # as we have no way of knowing, assume it was
+    shared_locations = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, path, env=None):
+
+        def set_name_and_version(s, n, v):
+            s.name = n
+            s.key = n.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+            s.version = v
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache_egg.path:
+            metadata = env._cache_egg.path[path].metadata
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+        else:
+            metadata = self._get_metadata(path)
+
+            # Need to be set before caching
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+
+            if env and env._cache_enabled:
+                env._cache_egg.add(self)
+        super(EggInfoDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, path):
+        requires = None
+
+        def parse_requires_data(data):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *data*: the contents of a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+            reqs = []
+            lines = data.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                line = line.strip()
+                # sectioned files have bare newlines (separating sections)
+                if not line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith('['):  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'Unexpected line: quitting requirement scan: %r', line)
+                    break
+                r = parse_requirement(line)
+                if not r:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('Not recognised as a requirement: %r', line)
+                    continue
+                if r.extras:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('extra requirements in requires.txt are '
+                                   'not supported')
+                if not r.constraints:
+                    reqs.append(r.name)
+                else:
+                    cons = ', '.join('%s%s' % c for c in r.constraints)
+                    reqs.append('%s (%s)' % (r.name, cons))
+            return reqs
+
+        def parse_requires_path(req_path):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *req_path*: the path to a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+
+            reqs = []
+            try:
+                with codecs.open(req_path, 'r', 'utf-8') as fp:
+                    reqs = parse_requires_data(fp.read())
+            except IOError:
+                pass
+            return reqs
+
+        tl_path = tl_data = None
+        if path.endswith('.egg'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                p = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+                meta_path = os.path.join(p, 'PKG-INFO')
+                metadata = Metadata(path=meta_path, scheme='legacy')
+                req_path = os.path.join(p, 'requires.txt')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(p, 'top_level.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+            else:
+                # FIXME handle the case where zipfile is not available
+                zipf = zipimport.zipimporter(path)
+                fileobj = StringIO(
+                    zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO').decode('utf8'))
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=fileobj, scheme='legacy')
+                try:
+                    data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/requires.txt')
+                    tl_data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/top_level.txt').decode(
+                        'utf-8')
+                    requires = parse_requires_data(data.decode('utf-8'))
+                except IOError:
+                    requires = None
+        elif path.endswith('.egg-info'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                req_path = os.path.join(path, 'requires.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+                path = os.path.join(path, 'PKG-INFO')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+            metadata = Metadata(path=path, scheme='legacy')
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('path must end with .egg-info or .egg, '
+                                   'got %r' % path)
+
+        if requires:
+            metadata.add_requirements(requires)
+        # look for top-level modules in top_level.txt, if present
+        if tl_data is None:
+            if tl_path is not None and os.path.exists(tl_path):
+                with open(tl_path, 'rb') as f:
+                    tl_data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+        if not tl_data:
+            tl_data = []
+        else:
+            tl_data = tl_data.splitlines()
+        self.modules = tl_data
+        return metadata
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<EggInfoDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (self.name, self.version,
+                                                      self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            for path, _, _ in self.list_installed_files():
+                if path == record_path:
+                    continue
+                if not os.path.exists(path):
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+        return mismatches
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: a list of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+
+        def _md5(path):
+            f = open(path, 'rb')
+            try:
+                content = f.read()
+            finally:
+                f.close()
+            return hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()
+
+        def _size(path):
+            return os.stat(path).st_size
+
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        result = []
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                    # "./" is present as a marker between installed files
+                    # and installation metadata files
+                    if not os.path.exists(p):
+                        logger.warning('Non-existent file: %s', p)
+                        if p.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                            continue
+                        # otherwise fall through and fail
+                    if not os.path.isdir(p):
+                        result.append((p, _md5(p), _size(p)))
+            result.append((record_path, None, None))
+        return result
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self, absolute=False):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns paths for
+        each line if the path is pointing to a file located in the
+        ``.egg-info`` directory or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :parameter absolute: If *absolute* is ``True``, each returned path is
+                          transformed into a local absolute path. Otherwise the
+                          raw value from ``installed-files.txt`` is returned.
+        :type absolute: boolean
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            skip = True
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    if line == './':
+                        skip = False
+                        continue
+                    if not skip:
+                        p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                        if p.startswith(self.path):
+                            if absolute:
+                                yield p
+                            else:
+                                yield line
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, EggInfoDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+new_dist_class = InstalledDistribution
+old_dist_class = EggInfoDistribution
+
+
+class DependencyGraph(object):
+    """
+    Represents a dependency graph between distributions.
+
+    The dependency relationships are stored in an ``adjacency_list`` that maps
+    distributions to a list of ``(other, label)`` tuples where  ``other``
+    is a distribution and the edge is labeled with ``label`` (i.e. the version
+    specifier, if such was provided). Also, for more efficient traversal, for
+    every distribution ``x``, a list of predecessors is kept in
+    ``reverse_list[x]``. An edge from distribution ``a`` to
+    distribution ``b`` means that ``a`` depends on ``b``. If any missing
+    dependencies are found, they are stored in ``missing``, which is a
+    dictionary that maps distributions to a list of requirements that were not
+    provided by any other distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.adjacency_list = {}
+        self.reverse_list = {}
+        self.missing = {}
+
+    def add_distribution(self, distribution):
+        """Add the *distribution* to the graph.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[distribution] = []
+        self.reverse_list[distribution] = []
+        # self.missing[distribution] = []
+
+    def add_edge(self, x, y, label=None):
+        """Add an edge from distribution *x* to distribution *y* with the given
+        *label*.
+
+        :type x: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type y: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type label: ``str`` or ``None``
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[x].append((y, label))
+        # multiple edges are allowed, so be careful
+        if x not in self.reverse_list[y]:
+            self.reverse_list[y].append(x)
+
+    def add_missing(self, distribution, requirement):
+        """
+        Add a missing *requirement* for the given *distribution*.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type requirement: ``str``
+        """
+        logger.debug('%s missing %r', distribution, requirement)
+        self.missing.setdefault(distribution, []).append(requirement)
+
+    def _repr_dist(self, dist):
+        return '%s %s' % (dist.name, dist.version)
+
+    def repr_node(self, dist, level=1):
+        """Prints only a subgraph"""
+        output = [self._repr_dist(dist)]
+        for other, label in self.adjacency_list[dist]:
+            dist = self._repr_dist(other)
+            if label is not None:
+                dist = '%s [%s]' % (dist, label)
+            output.append('    ' * level + str(dist))
+            suboutput = self.repr_node(other, level + 1)
+            subs = suboutput.split('\n')
+            output.extend(subs[1:])
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+    def to_dot(self, f, skip_disconnected=True):
+        """Writes a DOT output for the graph to the provided file *f*.
+
+        If *skip_disconnected* is set to ``True``, then all distributions
+        that are not dependent on any other distribution are skipped.
+
+        :type f: has to support ``file``-like operations
+        :type skip_disconnected: ``bool``
+        """
+        disconnected = []
+
+        f.write("digraph dependencies {\n")
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            if len(adjs) == 0 and not skip_disconnected:
+                disconnected.append(dist)
+            for other, label in adjs:
+                if label is not None:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s" [label="%s"]\n' %
+                            (dist.name, other.name, label))
+                else:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s"\n' % (dist.name, other.name))
+        if not skip_disconnected and len(disconnected) > 0:
+            f.write('subgraph disconnected {\n')
+            f.write('label = "Disconnected"\n')
+            f.write('bgcolor = red\n')
+
+            for dist in disconnected:
+                f.write('"%s"' % dist.name)
+                f.write('\n')
+            f.write('}\n')
+        f.write('}\n')
+
+    def topological_sort(self):
+        """
+        Perform a topological sort of the graph.
+        :return: A tuple, the first element of which is a topologically sorted
+                 list of distributions, and the second element of which is a
+                 list of distributions that cannot be sorted because they have
+                 circular dependencies and so form a cycle.
+        """
+        result = []
+        # Make a shallow copy of the adjacency list
+        alist = {}
+        for k, v in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            alist[k] = v[:]
+        while True:
+            # See what we can remove in this run
+            to_remove = []
+            for k, v in list(alist.items())[:]:
+                if not v:
+                    to_remove.append(k)
+                    del alist[k]
+            if not to_remove:
+                # What's left in alist (if anything) is a cycle.
+                break
+            # Remove from the adjacency list of others
+            for k, v in alist.items():
+                alist[k] = [(d, r) for d, r in v if d not in to_remove]
+            logger.debug('Moving to result: %s',
+                         ['%s (%s)' % (d.name, d.version) for d in to_remove])
+            result.extend(to_remove)
+        return result, list(alist.keys())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Representation of the graph"""
+        output = []
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            output.append(self.repr_node(dist))
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+
+def make_graph(dists, scheme='default'):
+    """Makes a dependency graph from the given distributions.
+
+    :parameter dists: a list of distributions
+    :type dists: list of :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` and
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution` instances
+    :rtype: a :class:`DependencyGraph` instance
+    """
+    scheme = get_scheme(scheme)
+    graph = DependencyGraph()
+    provided = {}  # maps names to lists of (version, dist) tuples
+
+    # first, build the graph and find out what's provided
+    for dist in dists:
+        graph.add_distribution(dist)
+
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            provided.setdefault(name, []).append((version, dist))
+
+    # now make the edges
+    for dist in dists:
+        requires = (dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+                    | dist.build_requires | dist.dev_requires)
+        for req in requires:
+            try:
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(req)
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+                logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only',
+                               req)
+                name = req.split()[0]
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+            name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+            matched = False
+            if name in provided:
+                for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                    try:
+                        match = matcher.match(version)
+                    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                        match = False
+
+                    if match:
+                        graph.add_edge(dist, provider, req)
+                        matched = True
+                        break
+            if not matched:
+                graph.add_missing(dist, req)
+    return graph
+
+
+def get_dependent_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    dependent on *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    dep = [dist]  # dependent distributions
+    todo = graph.reverse_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()
+        dep.append(d)
+        for succ in graph.reverse_list[d]:
+            if succ not in dep:
+                todo.append(succ)
+
+    dep.pop(0)  # remove dist from dep, was there to prevent infinite loops
+    return dep
+
+
+def get_required_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    required by *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+                 in finding the dependencies.
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    req = set()  # required distributions
+    todo = graph.adjacency_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+    seen = set(t[0] for t in todo)  # already added to todo
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()[0]
+        req.add(d)
+        pred_list = graph.adjacency_list[d]
+        for pred in pred_list:
+            d = pred[0]
+            if d not in req and d not in seen:
+                seen.add(d)
+                todo.append(pred)
+    return req
+
+
+def make_dist(name, version, **kwargs):
+    """
+    A convenience method for making a dist given just a name and version.
+    """
+    summary = kwargs.pop('summary', 'Placeholder for summary')
+    md = Metadata(**kwargs)
+    md.name = name
+    md.version = version
+    md.summary = summary or 'Placeholder for summary'
+    return Distribution(md)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56cd286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+try:
+    from threading import Thread
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from dummy_threading import Thread
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (HTTPBasicAuthHandler, Request, HTTPPasswordMgr,
+                     urlparse, build_opener, string_types)
+from .util import zip_dir, ServerProxy
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+
+class PackageIndex(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a package index compatible with PyPI, the Python
+    Package Index.
+    """
+
+    boundary = b'----------ThIs_Is_tHe_distlib_index_bouNdaRY_$'
+
+    def __init__(self, url=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the index. If not specified, the URL for PyPI is
+                    used.
+        """
+        self.url = url or DEFAULT_INDEX
+        self.read_configuration()
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(self.url)
+        if params or query or frag or scheme not in ('http', 'https'):
+            raise DistlibException('invalid repository: %s' % self.url)
+        self.password_handler = None
+        self.ssl_verifier = None
+        self.gpg = None
+        self.gpg_home = None
+        with open(os.devnull, 'w') as sink:
+            # Use gpg by default rather than gpg2, as gpg2 insists on
+            # prompting for passwords
+            for s in ('gpg', 'gpg2'):
+                try:
+                    rc = subprocess.check_call([s, '--version'], stdout=sink,
+                                               stderr=sink)
+                    if rc == 0:
+                        self.gpg = s
+                        break
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+    def _get_pypirc_command(self):
+        """
+        Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+        :return: the command.
+        """
+        from .util import _get_pypirc_command as cmd
+        return cmd()
+
+    def read_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils. This populates
+        ``username``, ``password``, ``realm`` and ``url`` attributes from the
+        configuration.
+        """
+        from .util import _load_pypirc
+        cfg = _load_pypirc(self)
+        self.username = cfg.get('username')
+        self.password = cfg.get('password')
+        self.realm = cfg.get('realm', 'pypi')
+        self.url = cfg.get('repository', self.url)
+
+    def save_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Save the PyPI access configuration. You must have set ``username`` and
+        ``password`` attributes before calling this method.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        from .util import _store_pypirc
+        _store_pypirc(self)
+
+    def check_credentials(self):
+        """
+        Check that ``username`` and ``password`` have been set, and raise an
+        exception if not.
+        """
+        if self.username is None or self.password is None:
+            raise DistlibException('username and password must be set')
+        pm = HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        _, netloc, _, _, _, _ = urlparse(self.url)
+        pm.add_password(self.realm, netloc, self.username, self.password)
+        self.password_handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pm)
+
+    def register(self, metadata):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Register a distribution on PyPI, using the provided metadata.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the distribution to be
+                         registered.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        d[':action'] = 'verify'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        self.send_request(request)
+        d[':action'] = 'submit'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def _reader(self, name, stream, outbuf):
+        """
+        Thread runner for reading lines of from a subprocess into a buffer.
+
+        :param name: The logical name of the stream (used for logging only).
+        :param stream: The stream to read from. This will typically a pipe
+                       connected to the output stream of a subprocess.
+        :param outbuf: The list to append the read lines to.
+        """
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            s = s.decode('utf-8').rstrip()
+            outbuf.append(s)
+            logger.debug('%s: %s' % (name, s))
+        stream.close()
+
+    def get_sign_command(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for signing a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The signing command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        if sign_password is not None:
+            cmd.extend(['--batch', '--passphrase-fd', '0'])
+        td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        sf = os.path.join(td, os.path.basename(filename) + '.asc')
+        cmd.extend(['--detach-sign', '--armor', '--local-user',
+                    signer, '--output', sf, filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd, sf
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, input_data=None):
+        """
+        Run a command in a child process , passing it any input data specified.
+
+        :param cmd: The command to run.
+        :param input_data: If specified, this must be a byte string containing
+                           data to be sent to the child process.
+        :return: A tuple consisting of the subprocess' exit code, a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stdout``, and a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stderr``.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            'stdout': subprocess.PIPE,
+            'stderr': subprocess.PIPE,
+        }
+        if input_data is not None:
+            kwargs['stdin'] = subprocess.PIPE
+        stdout = []
+        stderr = []
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
+        # We don't use communicate() here because we may need to
+        # get clever with interacting with the command
+        t1 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stdout', p.stdout, stdout))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stderr', p.stderr, stderr))
+        t2.start()
+        if input_data is not None:
+            p.stdin.write(input_data)
+            p.stdin.close()
+
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        return p.returncode, stdout, stderr
+
+    def sign_file(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Sign a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The absolute pathname of the file where the signature is
+                 stored.
+        """
+        cmd, sig_file = self.get_sign_command(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                              keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd,
+                                              sign_password.encode('utf-8'))
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise DistlibException('sign command failed with error '
+                                   'code %s' % rc)
+        return sig_file
+
+    def upload_file(self, metadata, filename, signer=None, sign_password=None,
+                    filetype='sdist', pyversion='source', keystore=None):
+        """
+        Upload a release file to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the file to be uploaded.
+        :param filename: The pathname of the file to be uploaded.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param filetype: The type of the file being uploaded. This is the
+                        distutils command which produced that file, e.g.
+                        ``sdist`` or ``bdist_wheel``.
+        :param pyversion: The version of Python which the release relates
+                          to. For code compatible with any Python, this would
+                          be ``source``, otherwise it would be e.g. ``3.2``.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %s' % filename)
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        sig_file = None
+        if signer:
+            if not self.gpg:
+                logger.warning('no signing program available - not signed')
+            else:
+                sig_file = self.sign_file(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                          keystore)
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            file_data = f.read()
+        md5_digest = hashlib.md5(file_data).hexdigest()
+        sha256_digest = hashlib.sha256(file_data).hexdigest()
+        d.update({
+            ':action': 'file_upload',
+            'protocol_version': '1',
+            'filetype': filetype,
+            'pyversion': pyversion,
+            'md5_digest': md5_digest,
+            'sha256_digest': sha256_digest,
+        })
+        files = [('content', os.path.basename(filename), file_data)]
+        if sig_file:
+            with open(sig_file, 'rb') as f:
+                sig_data = f.read()
+            files.append(('gpg_signature', os.path.basename(sig_file),
+                         sig_data))
+            shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(sig_file))
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def upload_documentation(self, metadata, doc_dir):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Upload documentation to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the documentation to be
+                         uploaded.
+        :param doc_dir: The pathname of the directory which contains the
+                        documentation. This should be the directory that
+                        contains the ``index.html`` for the documentation.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.isdir(doc_dir):
+            raise DistlibException('not a directory: %r' % doc_dir)
+        fn = os.path.join(doc_dir, 'index.html')
+        if not os.path.exists(fn):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %r' % fn)
+        metadata.validate()
+        name, version = metadata.name, metadata.version
+        zip_data = zip_dir(doc_dir).getvalue()
+        fields = [(':action', 'doc_upload'),
+                  ('name', name), ('version', version)]
+        files = [('content', name, zip_data)]
+        request = self.encode_request(fields, files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def get_verify_command(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                           keystore=None):
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for verifying a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The verifying command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        cmd.extend(['--verify', signature_filename, data_filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd
+
+    def verify_signature(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                         keystore=None):
+        """
+        Verify a signature for a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: True if the signature was verified, else False.
+        """
+        if not self.gpg:
+            raise DistlibException('verification unavailable because gpg '
+                                   'unavailable')
+        cmd = self.get_verify_command(signature_filename, data_filename,
+                                      keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd)
+        if rc not in (0, 1):
+            raise DistlibException('verify command failed with error code %s' % rc)
+        return rc == 0
+
+    def download_file(self, url, destfile, digest=None, reporthook=None):
+        """
+        This is a convenience method for downloading a file from an URL.
+        Normally, this will be a file from the index, though currently
+        no check is made for this (i.e. a file can be downloaded from
+        anywhere).
+
+        The method is just like the :func:`urlretrieve` function in the
+        standard library, except that it allows digest computation to be
+        done during download and checking that the downloaded data
+        matched any expected value.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the file to be downloaded (assumed to be
+                    available via an HTTP GET request).
+        :param destfile: The pathname where the downloaded file is to be
+                         saved.
+        :param digest: If specified, this must be a (hasher, value)
+                       tuple, where hasher is the algorithm used (e.g.
+                       ``'md5'``) and ``value`` is the expected value.
+        :param reporthook: The same as for :func:`urlretrieve` in the
+                           standard library.
+        """
+        if digest is None:
+            digester = None
+            logger.debug('No digest specified')
+        else:
+            if isinstance(digest, (list, tuple)):
+                hasher, digest = digest
+            else:
+                hasher = 'md5'
+            digester = getattr(hashlib, hasher)()
+            logger.debug('Digest specified: %s' % digest)
+        # The following code is equivalent to urlretrieve.
+        # We need to do it this way so that we can compute the
+        # digest of the file as we go.
+        with open(destfile, 'wb') as dfp:
+            # addinfourl is not a context manager on 2.x
+            # so we have to use try/finally
+            sfp = self.send_request(Request(url))
+            try:
+                headers = sfp.info()
+                blocksize = 8192
+                size = -1
+                read = 0
+                blocknum = 0
+                if "content-length" in headers:
+                    size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
+                if reporthook:
+                    reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+                while True:
+                    block = sfp.read(blocksize)
+                    if not block:
+                        break
+                    read += len(block)
+                    dfp.write(block)
+                    if digester:
+                        digester.update(block)
+                    blocknum += 1
+                    if reporthook:
+                        reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+            finally:
+                sfp.close()
+
+        # check that we got the whole file, if we can
+        if size >= 0 and read < size:
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'retrieval incomplete: got only %d out of %d bytes'
+                % (read, size))
+        # if we have a digest, it must match.
+        if digester:
+            actual = digester.hexdigest()
+            if digest != actual:
+                raise DistlibException('%s digest mismatch for %s: expected '
+                                       '%s, got %s' % (hasher, destfile,
+                                                       digest, actual))
+            logger.debug('Digest verified: %s', digest)
+
+    def send_request(self, req):
+        """
+        Send a standard library :class:`Request` to PyPI and return its
+        response.
+
+        :param req: The request to send.
+        :return: The HTTP response from PyPI (a standard library HTTPResponse).
+        """
+        handlers = []
+        if self.password_handler:
+            handlers.append(self.password_handler)
+        if self.ssl_verifier:
+            handlers.append(self.ssl_verifier)
+        opener = build_opener(*handlers)
+        return opener.open(req)
+
+    def encode_request(self, fields, files):
+        """
+        Encode fields and files for posting to an HTTP server.
+
+        :param fields: The fields to send as a list of (fieldname, value)
+                       tuples.
+        :param files: The files to send as a list of (fieldname, filename,
+                      file_bytes) tuple.
+        """
+        # Adapted from packaging, which in turn was adapted from
+        # http://code.activestate.com/recipes/146306
+
+        parts = []
+        boundary = self.boundary
+        for k, values in fields:
+            if not isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
+                values = [values]
+
+            for v in values:
+                parts.extend((
+                    b'--' + boundary,
+                    ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' %
+                     k).encode('utf-8'),
+                    b'',
+                    v.encode('utf-8')))
+        for key, filename, value in files:
+            parts.extend((
+                b'--' + boundary,
+                ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' %
+                 (key, filename)).encode('utf-8'),
+                b'',
+                value))
+
+        parts.extend((b'--' + boundary + b'--', b''))
+
+        body = b'\r\n'.join(parts)
+        ct = b'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
+        headers = {
+            'Content-type': ct,
+            'Content-length': str(len(body))
+        }
+        return Request(self.url, body, headers)
+
+    def search(self, terms, operator=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(terms, string_types):
+            terms = {'name': terms}
+        rpc_proxy = ServerProxy(self.url, timeout=3.0)
+        try:
+            return rpc_proxy.search(terms, operator or 'and')
+        finally:
+            rpc_proxy('close')()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f0788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1303 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+
+import gzip
+from io import BytesIO
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import zlib
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse, url2pathname, pathname2url,
+                     queue, quote, unescape, build_opener,
+                     HTTPRedirectHandler as BaseRedirectHandler, text_type,
+                     Request, HTTPError, URLError)
+from .database import Distribution, DistributionPath, make_dist
+from .metadata import Metadata, MetadataInvalidError
+from .util import (cached_property, ensure_slash, split_filename, get_project_data,
+                   parse_requirement, parse_name_and_version, ServerProxy,
+                   normalize_name)
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .wheel import Wheel, is_compatible
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+HASHER_HASH = re.compile(r'^(\w+)=([a-f0-9]+)')
+CHARSET = re.compile(r';\s*charset\s*=\s*(.*)\s*$', re.I)
+HTML_CONTENT_TYPE = re.compile('text/html|application/x(ht)?ml')
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+
+
+def get_all_distribution_names(url=None):
+    """
+    Return all distribution names known by an index.
+    :param url: The URL of the index.
+    :return: A list of all known distribution names.
+    """
+    if url is None:
+        url = DEFAULT_INDEX
+    client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+    try:
+        return client.list_packages()
+    finally:
+        client('close')()
+
+
+class RedirectHandler(BaseRedirectHandler):
+    """
+    A class to work around a bug in some Python 3.2.x releases.
+    """
+    # There's a bug in the base version for some 3.2.x
+    # (e.g. 3.2.2 on Ubuntu Oneiric). If a Location header
+    # returns e.g. /abc, it bails because it says the scheme ''
+    # is bogus, when actually it should use the request's
+    # URL for the scheme. See Python issue #13696.
+    def http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        # Some servers (incorrectly) return multiple Location headers
+        # (so probably same goes for URI).  Use first header.
+        newurl = None
+        for key in ('location', 'uri'):
+            if key in headers:
+                newurl = headers[key]
+                break
+        if newurl is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        urlparts = urlparse(newurl)
+        if urlparts.scheme == '':
+            newurl = urljoin(req.get_full_url(), newurl)
+            if hasattr(headers, 'replace_header'):
+                headers.replace_header(key, newurl)
+            else:
+                headers[key] = newurl
+        return BaseRedirectHandler.http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg,
+                                                  headers)
+
+    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_302
+
+
+class Locator(object):
+    """
+    A base class for locators - things that locate distributions.
+    """
+    source_extensions = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz')
+    binary_extensions = ('.egg', '.exe', '.whl')
+    excluded_extensions = ('.pdf',)
+
+    # A list of tags indicating which wheels you want to match. The default
+    # value of None matches against the tags compatible with the running
+    # Python. If you want to match other values, set wheel_tags on a locator
+    # instance to a list of tuples (pyver, abi, arch) which you want to match.
+    wheel_tags = None
+
+    downloadable_extensions = source_extensions + ('.whl',)
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme='default'):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param scheme: Because locators look for most recent versions, they
+                       need to know the version scheme to use. This specifies
+                       the current PEP-recommended scheme - use ``'legacy'``
+                       if you need to support existing distributions on PyPI.
+        """
+        self._cache = {}
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        # Because of bugs in some of the handlers on some of the platforms,
+        # we use our own opener rather than just using urlopen.
+        self.opener = build_opener(RedirectHandler())
+        # If get_project() is called from locate(), the matcher instance
+        # is set from the requirement passed to locate(). See issue #18 for
+        # why this can be useful to know.
+        self.matcher = None
+        self.errors = queue.Queue()
+
+    def get_errors(self):
+        """
+        Return any errors which have occurred.
+        """
+        result = []
+        while not self.errors.empty():  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                e = self.errors.get(False)
+                result.append(e)
+            except self.errors.Empty:
+                continue
+            self.errors.task_done()
+        return result
+
+    def clear_errors(self):
+        """
+        Clear any errors which may have been logged.
+        """
+        # Just get the errors and throw them away
+        self.get_errors()
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+
+    def _get_scheme(self):
+        return self._scheme
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(_get_scheme, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This should be implemented in subclasses.
+
+        If called from a locate() request, self.matcher will be set to a
+        matcher for the requirement to satisfy, otherwise it will be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This calls _get_project to do all the work, and just implements a caching layer on top.
+        """
+        if self._cache is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+        elif name in self._cache:
+            result = self._cache[name]
+        else:
+            self.clear_errors()
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+            self._cache[name] = result
+        return result
+
+    def score_url(self, url):
+        """
+        Give an url a score which can be used to choose preferred URLs
+        for a given project release.
+        """
+        t = urlparse(url)
+        basename = posixpath.basename(t.path)
+        compatible = True
+        is_wheel = basename.endswith('.whl')
+        is_downloadable = basename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+        if is_wheel:
+            compatible = is_compatible(Wheel(basename), self.wheel_tags)
+        return (t.scheme == 'https', 'pypi.org' in t.netloc,
+                is_downloadable, is_wheel, compatible, basename)
+
+    def prefer_url(self, url1, url2):
+        """
+        Choose one of two URLs where both are candidates for distribution
+        archives for the same version of a distribution (for example,
+        .tar.gz vs. zip).
+
+        The current implementation favours https:// URLs over http://, archives
+        from PyPI over those from other locations, wheel compatibility (if a
+        wheel) and then the archive name.
+        """
+        result = url2
+        if url1:
+            s1 = self.score_url(url1)
+            s2 = self.score_url(url2)
+            if s1 > s2:
+                result = url1
+            if result != url2:
+                logger.debug('Not replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('Replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+        return result
+
+    def split_filename(self, filename, project_name):
+        """
+        Attempt to split a filename in project name, version and Python version.
+        """
+        return split_filename(filename, project_name)
+
+    def convert_url_to_download_info(self, url, project_name):
+        """
+        See if a URL is a candidate for a download URL for a project (the URL
+        has typically been scraped from an HTML page).
+
+        If it is, a dictionary is returned with keys "name", "version",
+        "filename" and "url"; otherwise, None is returned.
+        """
+        def same_project(name1, name2):
+            return normalize_name(name1) == normalize_name(name2)
+
+        result = None
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+        if frag.lower().startswith('egg='):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('%s: version hint in fragment: %r',
+                         project_name, frag)
+        m = HASHER_HASH.match(frag)
+        if m:
+            algo, digest = m.groups()
+        else:
+            algo, digest = None, None
+        origpath = path
+        if path and path[-1] == '/':  # pragma: no cover
+            path = path[:-1]
+        if path.endswith('.whl'):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(path)
+                if not is_compatible(wheel, self.wheel_tags):
+                    logger.debug('Wheel not compatible: %s', path)
+                else:
+                    if project_name is None:
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = same_project(wheel.name, project_name)
+                    if include:
+                        result = {
+                            'name': wheel.name,
+                            'version': wheel.version,
+                            'filename': wheel.filename,
+                            'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                               params, query, '')),
+                            'python-version': ', '.join(
+                                ['.'.join(list(v[2:])) for v in wheel.pyver]),
+                        }
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('invalid path for wheel: %s', path)
+        elif not path.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('Not downloadable: %s', path)
+        else:  # downloadable extension
+            path = filename = posixpath.basename(path)
+            for ext in self.downloadable_extensions:
+                if path.endswith(ext):
+                    path = path[:-len(ext)]
+                    t = self.split_filename(path, project_name)
+                    if not t:  # pragma: no cover
+                        logger.debug('No match for project/version: %s', path)
+                    else:
+                        name, version, pyver = t
+                        if not project_name or same_project(project_name, name):
+                            result = {
+                                'name': name,
+                                'version': version,
+                                'filename': filename,
+                                'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                                   params, query, '')),
+                            }
+                            if pyver:  # pragma: no cover
+                                result['python-version'] = pyver
+                    break
+        if result and algo:
+            result['%s_digest' % algo] = digest
+        return result
+
+    def _get_digest(self, info):
+        """
+        Get a digest from a dictionary by looking at a "digests" dictionary
+        or keys of the form 'algo_digest'.
+
+        Returns a 2-tuple (algo, digest) if found, else None. Currently
+        looks only for SHA256, then MD5.
+        """
+        result = None
+        if 'digests' in info:
+            digests = info['digests']
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                if algo in digests:
+                    result = (algo, digests[algo])
+                    break
+        if not result:
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                key = '%s_digest' % algo
+                if key in info:
+                    result = (algo, info[key])
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def _update_version_data(self, result, info):
+        """
+        Update a result dictionary (the final result from _get_project) with a
+        dictionary for a specific version, which typically holds information
+        gleaned from a filename or URL for an archive for the distribution.
+        """
+        name = info.pop('name')
+        version = info.pop('version')
+        if version in result:
+            dist = result[version]
+            md = dist.metadata
+        else:
+            dist = make_dist(name, version, scheme=self.scheme)
+            md = dist.metadata
+        dist.digest = digest = self._get_digest(info)
+        url = info['url']
+        result['digests'][url] = digest
+        if md.source_url != info['url']:
+            md.source_url = self.prefer_url(md.source_url, url)
+            result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+        dist.locator = self
+        result[version] = dist
+
+    def locate(self, requirement, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find the most recent distribution which matches the given
+        requirement.
+
+        :param requirement: A requirement of the form 'foo (1.0)' or perhaps
+                            'foo (>= 1.0, < 2.0, != 1.3)'
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions
+                            to be located. Otherwise, pre-release versions
+                            are not returned.
+        :return: A :class:`Distribution` instance, or ``None`` if no such
+                 distribution could be located.
+        """
+        result = None
+        r = parse_requirement(requirement)
+        if r is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a valid requirement: %r' % requirement)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+        self.matcher = matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        logger.debug('matcher: %s (%s)', matcher, type(matcher).__name__)
+        versions = self.get_project(r.name)
+        if len(versions) > 2:   # urls and digests keys are present
+            # sometimes, versions are invalid
+            slist = []
+            vcls = matcher.version_class
+            for k in versions:
+                if k in ('urls', 'digests'):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if not matcher.match(k):
+                        pass  # logger.debug('%s did not match %r', matcher, k)
+                    else:
+                        if prereleases or not vcls(k).is_prerelease:
+                            slist.append(k)
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('error matching %s with %r', matcher, k)
+                    pass  # slist.append(k)
+            if len(slist) > 1:
+                slist = sorted(slist, key=scheme.key)
+            if slist:
+                logger.debug('sorted list: %s', slist)
+                version = slist[-1]
+                result = versions[version]
+        if result:
+            if r.extras:
+                result.extras = r.extras
+            result.download_urls = versions.get('urls', {}).get(version, set())
+            d = {}
+            sd = versions.get('digests', {})
+            for url in result.download_urls:
+                if url in sd:  # pragma: no cover
+                    d[url] = sd[url]
+            result.digests = d
+        self.matcher = None
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIRPCLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses XML-RPC to locate distributions. It therefore
+    cannot be used with simple mirrors (that only mirror file content).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL to use for XML-RPC.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor.
+        """
+        super(PyPIRPCLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = url
+        self.client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        return set(self.client.list_packages())
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        versions = self.client.package_releases(name, True)
+        for v in versions:
+            urls = self.client.release_urls(name, v)
+            data = self.client.release_data(name, v)
+            metadata = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            metadata.name = data['name']
+            metadata.version = data['version']
+            metadata.license = data.get('license')
+            metadata.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            metadata.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(metadata)
+            if urls:
+                info = urls[0]
+                metadata.source_url = info['url']
+                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                dist.locator = self
+                result[v] = dist
+                for info in urls:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(v, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = digest
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIJSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses PyPI's JSON interface. It's very limited in functionality
+    and probably not worth using.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        super(PyPIJSONLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/json' % quote(name))
+        try:
+            resp = self.opener.open(url)
+            data = resp.read().decode()  # for now
+            d = json.loads(data)
+            md = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            data = d['info']
+            md.name = data['name']
+            md.version = data['version']
+            md.license = data.get('license')
+            md.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            md.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(md)
+            dist.locator = self
+            # urls = d['urls']
+            result[md.version] = dist
+            for info in d['urls']:
+                url = info['url']
+                dist.download_urls.add(url)
+                dist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+                result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+            # Now get other releases
+            for version, infos in d['releases'].items():
+                if version == md.version:
+                    continue    # already done
+                omd = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+                omd.name = md.name
+                omd.version = version
+                odist = Distribution(omd)
+                odist.locator = self
+                result[version] = odist
+                for info in infos:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    odist.download_urls.add(url)
+                    odist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+#            for info in urls:
+#                md.source_url = info['url']
+#                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+#                dist.locator = self
+#                for info in urls:
+#                    url = info['url']
+#                    result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+#                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            logger.exception('JSON fetch failed: %s', e)
+        return result
+
+
+class Page(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a scraped HTML page.
+    """
+    # The following slightly hairy-looking regex just looks for the contents of
+    # an anchor link, which has an attribute "href" either immediately preceded
+    # or immediately followed by a "rel" attribute. The attribute values can be
+    # declared with double quotes, single quotes or no quotes - which leads to
+    # the length of the expression.
+    _href = re.compile("""
+(rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel2>[^']*)'|(?P<rel3>[^>\\s\n]*))\\s+)?
+href\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<url1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<url2>[^']*)'|(?P<url3>[^>\\s\n]*))
+(\\s+rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel4>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel5>[^']*)'|(?P<rel6>[^>\\s\n]*)))?
+""", re.I | re.S | re.X)
+    _base = re.compile(r"""<base\s+href\s*=\s*['"]?([^'">]+)""", re.I | re.S)
+
+    def __init__(self, data, url):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance with the Unicode page contents and the URL they
+        came from.
+        """
+        self.data = data
+        self.base_url = self.url = url
+        m = self._base.search(self.data)
+        if m:
+            self.base_url = m.group(1)
+
+    _clean_re = re.compile(r'[^a-z0-9$&+,/:;=?@.#%_\\|-]', re.I)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def links(self):
+        """
+        Return the URLs of all the links on a page together with information
+        about their "rel" attribute, for determining which ones to treat as
+        downloads and which ones to queue for further scraping.
+        """
+        def clean(url):
+            "Tidy up an URL."
+            scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+            return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, quote(path),
+                               params, query, frag))
+
+        result = set()
+        for match in self._href.finditer(self.data):
+            d = match.groupdict('')
+            rel = (d['rel1'] or d['rel2'] or d['rel3'] or
+                   d['rel4'] or d['rel5'] or d['rel6'])
+            url = d['url1'] or d['url2'] or d['url3']
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, url)
+            url = unescape(url)
+            url = self._clean_re.sub(lambda m: '%%%2x' % ord(m.group(0)), url)
+            result.add((url, rel))
+        # We sort the result, hoping to bring the most recent versions
+        # to the front
+        result = sorted(result, key=lambda t: t[0], reverse=True)
+        return result
+
+
+class SimpleScrapingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    A locator which scrapes HTML pages to locate downloads for a distribution.
+    This runs multiple threads to do the I/O; performance is at least as good
+    as pip's PackageFinder, which works in an analogous fashion.
+    """
+
+    # These are used to deal with various Content-Encoding schemes.
+    decoders = {
+        'deflate': zlib.decompress,
+        'gzip': lambda b: gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(b)).read(),
+        'none': lambda b: b,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, url, timeout=None, num_workers=10, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param url: The root URL to use for scraping.
+        :param timeout: The timeout, in seconds, to be applied to requests.
+                        This defaults to ``None`` (no timeout specified).
+        :param num_workers: The number of worker threads you want to do I/O,
+                            This defaults to 10.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass.
+        """
+        super(SimpleScrapingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self._page_cache = {}
+        self._seen = set()
+        self._to_fetch = queue.Queue()
+        self._bad_hosts = set()
+        self.skip_externals = False
+        self.num_workers = num_workers
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        # See issue #45: we need to be resilient when the locator is used
+        # in a thread, e.g. with concurrent.futures. We can't use self._lock
+        # as it is for coordinating our internal threads - the ones created
+        # in _prepare_threads.
+        self._gplock = threading.RLock()
+        self.platform_check = False  # See issue #112
+
+    def _prepare_threads(self):
+        """
+        Threads are created only when get_project is called, and terminate
+        before it returns. They are there primarily to parallelise I/O (i.e.
+        fetching web pages).
+        """
+        self._threads = []
+        for i in range(self.num_workers):
+            t = threading.Thread(target=self._fetch)
+            t.daemon = True
+            t.start()
+            self._threads.append(t)
+
+    def _wait_threads(self):
+        """
+        Tell all the threads to terminate (by sending a sentinel value) and
+        wait for them to do so.
+        """
+        # Note that you need two loops, since you can't say which
+        # thread will get each sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            self._to_fetch.put(None)    # sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            t.join()
+        self._threads = []
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        with self._gplock:
+            self.result = result
+            self.project_name = name
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/' % quote(name))
+            self._seen.clear()
+            self._page_cache.clear()
+            self._prepare_threads()
+            try:
+                logger.debug('Queueing %s', url)
+                self._to_fetch.put(url)
+                self._to_fetch.join()
+            finally:
+                self._wait_threads()
+            del self.result
+        return result
+
+    platform_dependent = re.compile(r'\b(linux_(i\d86|x86_64|arm\w+)|'
+                                    r'win(32|_amd64)|macosx_?\d+)\b', re.I)
+
+    def _is_platform_dependent(self, url):
+        """
+        Does an URL refer to a platform-specific download?
+        """
+        return self.platform_dependent.search(url)
+
+    def _process_download(self, url):
+        """
+        See if an URL is a suitable download for a project.
+
+        If it is, register information in the result dictionary (for
+        _get_project) about the specific version it's for.
+
+        Note that the return value isn't actually used other than as a boolean
+        value.
+        """
+        if self.platform_check and self._is_platform_dependent(url):
+            info = None
+        else:
+            info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, self.project_name)
+        logger.debug('process_download: %s -> %s', url, info)
+        if info:
+            with self._lock:    # needed because self.result is shared
+                self._update_version_data(self.result, info)
+        return info
+
+    def _should_queue(self, link, referrer, rel):
+        """
+        Determine whether a link URL from a referring page and with a
+        particular "rel" attribute should be queued for scraping.
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(link)
+        if path.endswith(self.source_extensions + self.binary_extensions +
+                         self.excluded_extensions):
+            result = False
+        elif self.skip_externals and not link.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif not referrer.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif rel not in ('homepage', 'download'):
+            result = False
+        elif scheme not in ('http', 'https', 'ftp'):
+            result = False
+        elif self._is_platform_dependent(link):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            if host.lower() == 'localhost':
+                result = False
+            else:
+                result = True
+        logger.debug('should_queue: %s (%s) from %s -> %s', link, rel,
+                     referrer, result)
+        return result
+
+    def _fetch(self):
+        """
+        Get a URL to fetch from the work queue, get the HTML page, examine its
+        links for download candidates and candidates for further scraping.
+
+        This is a handy method to run in a thread.
+        """
+        while True:
+            url = self._to_fetch.get()
+            try:
+                if url:
+                    page = self.get_page(url)
+                    if page is None:    # e.g. after an error
+                        continue
+                    for link, rel in page.links:
+                        if link not in self._seen:
+                            try:
+                                self._seen.add(link)
+                                if (not self._process_download(link) and
+                                        self._should_queue(link, url, rel)):
+                                    logger.debug('Queueing %s from %s', link, url)
+                                    self._to_fetch.put(link)
+                            except MetadataInvalidError:  # e.g. invalid versions
+                                pass
+            except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            finally:
+                # always do this, to avoid hangs :-)
+                self._to_fetch.task_done()
+            if not url:
+                # logger.debug('Sentinel seen, quitting.')
+                break
+
+    def get_page(self, url):
+        """
+        Get the HTML for an URL, possibly from an in-memory cache.
+
+        XXX TODO Note: this cache is never actually cleared. It's assumed that
+        the data won't get stale over the lifetime of a locator instance (not
+        necessarily true for the default_locator).
+        """
+        # http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#package-index-api
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(url)
+        if scheme == 'file' and os.path.isdir(url2pathname(path)):
+            url = urljoin(ensure_slash(url), 'index.html')
+
+        if url in self._page_cache:
+            result = self._page_cache[url]
+            logger.debug('Returning %s from cache: %s', url, result)
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            result = None
+            if host in self._bad_hosts:
+                logger.debug('Skipping %s due to bad host %s', url, host)
+            else:
+                req = Request(url, headers={'Accept-encoding': 'identity'})
+                try:
+                    logger.debug('Fetching %s', url)
+                    resp = self.opener.open(req, timeout=self.timeout)
+                    logger.debug('Fetched %s', url)
+                    headers = resp.info()
+                    content_type = headers.get('Content-Type', '')
+                    if HTML_CONTENT_TYPE.match(content_type):
+                        final_url = resp.geturl()
+                        data = resp.read()
+                        encoding = headers.get('Content-Encoding')
+                        if encoding:
+                            decoder = self.decoders[encoding]   # fail if not found
+                            data = decoder(data)
+                        encoding = 'utf-8'
+                        m = CHARSET.search(content_type)
+                        if m:
+                            encoding = m.group(1)
+                        try:
+                            data = data.decode(encoding)
+                        except UnicodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                            data = data.decode('latin-1')    # fallback
+                        result = Page(data, final_url)
+                        self._page_cache[final_url] = result
+                except HTTPError as e:
+                    if e.code != 404:
+                        logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                except URLError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                    with self._lock:
+                        self._bad_hosts.add(host)
+                except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                finally:
+                    self._page_cache[url] = result   # even if None (failure)
+        return result
+
+    _distname_re = re.compile('<a href=[^>]*>([^<]+)<')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        page = self.get_page(self.base_url)
+        if not page:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get %s' % self.base_url)
+        for match in self._distname_re.finditer(page.data):
+            result.add(match.group(1))
+        return result
+
+
+class DirectoryLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class locates distributions in a directory tree.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param path: The root of the directory tree to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * recursive - if True (the default), subdirectories are
+                         recursed into. If False, only the top-level directory
+                         is searched,
+        """
+        self.recursive = kwargs.pop('recursive', True)
+        super(DirectoryLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if not os.path.isdir(path):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' % path)
+        self.base_dir = path
+
+    def should_include(self, filename, parent):
+        """
+        Should a filename be considered as a candidate for a distribution
+        archive? As well as the filename, the directory which contains it
+        is provided, though not used by the current implementation.
+        """
+        return filename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, name)
+                    if info:
+                        self._update_version_data(result, info)
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, None)
+                    if info:
+                        result.add(info['name'])
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class JSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses special extended metadata (not available on PyPI) and is
+    the basis of performant dependency resolution in distlib. Other locators
+    require archive downloads before dependencies can be determined! As you
+    might imagine, that can be slow.
+    """
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        data = get_project_data(name)
+        if data:
+            for info in data.get('files', []):
+                if info['ptype'] != 'sdist' or info['pyversion'] != 'source':
+                    continue
+                # We don't store summary in project metadata as it makes
+                # the data bigger for no benefit during dependency
+                # resolution
+                dist = make_dist(data['name'], info['version'],
+                                 summary=data.get('summary',
+                                                  'Placeholder for summary'),
+                                 scheme=self.scheme)
+                md = dist.metadata
+                md.source_url = info['url']
+                # TODO SHA256 digest
+                if 'digest' in info and info['digest']:
+                    dist.digest = ('md5', info['digest'])
+                md.dependencies = info.get('requirements', {})
+                dist.exports = info.get('exports', {})
+                result[dist.version] = dist
+                result['urls'].setdefault(dist.version, set()).add(info['url'])
+        return result
+
+
+class DistPathLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator finds installed distributions in a path. It can be useful for
+    adding to an :class:`AggregatingLocator`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, distpath, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param distpath: A :class:`DistributionPath` instance to search.
+        """
+        super(DistPathLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        assert isinstance(distpath, DistributionPath)
+        self.distpath = distpath
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        dist = self.distpath.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        else:
+            result = {
+                dist.version: dist,
+                'urls': {dist.version: set([dist.source_url])},
+                'digests': {dist.version: set([None])}
+            }
+        return result
+
+
+class AggregatingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class allows you to chain and/or merge a list of locators.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *locators, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param locators: The list of locators to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * merge - if False (the default), the first successful
+                         search from any of the locators is returned. If True,
+                         the results from all locators are merged (this can be
+                         slow).
+        """
+        self.merge = kwargs.pop('merge', False)
+        self.locators = locators
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).clear_cache()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.clear_cache()
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(Locator.scheme.fget, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {}
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            d = locator.get_project(name)
+            if d:
+                if self.merge:
+                    files = result.get('urls', {})
+                    digests = result.get('digests', {})
+                    # next line could overwrite result['urls'], result['digests']
+                    result.update(d)
+                    df = result.get('urls')
+                    if files and df:
+                        for k, v in files.items():
+                            if k in df:
+                                df[k] |= v
+                            else:
+                                df[k] = v
+                    dd = result.get('digests')
+                    if digests and dd:
+                        dd.update(digests)
+                else:
+                    # See issue #18. If any dists are found and we're looking
+                    # for specific constraints, we only return something if
+                    # a match is found. For example, if a DirectoryLocator
+                    # returns just foo (1.0) while we're looking for
+                    # foo (>= 2.0), we'll pretend there was nothing there so
+                    # that subsequent locators can be queried. Otherwise we
+                    # would just return foo (1.0) which would then lead to a
+                    # failure to find foo (>= 2.0), because other locators
+                    # weren't searched. Note that this only matters when
+                    # merge=False.
+                    if self.matcher is None:
+                        found = True
+                    else:
+                        found = False
+                        for k in d:
+                            if self.matcher.match(k):
+                                found = True
+                                break
+                    if found:
+                        result = d
+                        break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            try:
+                result |= locator.get_distribution_names()
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+
+# We use a legacy scheme simply because most of the dists on PyPI use legacy
+# versions which don't conform to PEP 440.
+default_locator = AggregatingLocator(
+                    # JSONLocator(), # don't use as PEP 426 is withdrawn
+                    SimpleScrapingLocator('https://pypi.org/simple/',
+                                          timeout=3.0),
+                    scheme='legacy')
+
+locate = default_locator.locate
+
+
+class DependencyFinder(object):
+    """
+    Locate dependencies for distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, locator=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance, using the specified locator
+        to locate distributions.
+        """
+        self.locator = locator or default_locator
+        self.scheme = get_scheme(self.locator.scheme)
+
+    def add_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the finder. This will update internal information
+        about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        logger.debug('adding distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        self.dists_by_name[name] = dist
+        self.dists[(name, dist.version)] = dist
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            self.provided.setdefault(name, set()).add((version, dist))
+
+    def remove_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Remove a distribution from the finder. This will update internal
+        information about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to remove.
+        """
+        logger.debug('removing distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        del self.dists_by_name[name]
+        del self.dists[(name, dist.version)]
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Remove from provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            s = self.provided[name]
+            s.remove((version, dist))
+            if not s:
+                del self.provided[name]
+
+    def get_matcher(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Get a version matcher for a requirement.
+        :param reqt: The requirement
+        :type reqt: str
+        :return: A version matcher (an instance of
+                 :class:`distlib.version.Matcher`).
+        """
+        try:
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(reqt)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            name = reqt.split()[0]
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(name)
+        return matcher
+
+    def find_providers(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Find the distributions which can fulfill a requirement.
+
+        :param reqt: The requirement.
+         :type reqt: str
+        :return: A set of distribution which can fulfill the requirement.
+        """
+        matcher = self.get_matcher(reqt)
+        name = matcher.key   # case-insensitive
+        result = set()
+        provided = self.provided
+        if name in provided:
+            for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                try:
+                    match = matcher.match(version)
+                except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                    match = False
+
+                if match:
+                    result.add(provider)
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def try_to_replace(self, provider, other, problems):
+        """
+        Attempt to replace one provider with another. This is typically used
+        when resolving dependencies from multiple sources, e.g. A requires
+        (B >= 1.0) while C requires (B >= 1.1).
+
+        For successful replacement, ``provider`` must meet all the requirements
+        which ``other`` fulfills.
+
+        :param provider: The provider we are trying to replace with.
+        :param other: The provider we're trying to replace.
+        :param problems: If False is returned, this will contain what
+                         problems prevented replacement. This is currently
+                         a tuple of the literal string 'cantreplace',
+                         ``provider``, ``other``  and the set of requirements
+                         that ``provider`` couldn't fulfill.
+        :return: True if we can replace ``other`` with ``provider``, else
+                 False.
+        """
+        rlist = self.reqts[other]
+        unmatched = set()
+        for s in rlist:
+            matcher = self.get_matcher(s)
+            if not matcher.match(provider.version):
+                unmatched.add(s)
+        if unmatched:
+            # can't replace other with provider
+            problems.add(('cantreplace', provider, other,
+                          frozenset(unmatched)))
+            result = False
+        else:
+            # can replace other with provider
+            self.remove_distribution(other)
+            del self.reqts[other]
+            for s in rlist:
+                self.reqts.setdefault(provider, set()).add(s)
+            self.add_distribution(provider)
+            result = True
+        return result
+
+    def find(self, requirement, meta_extras=None, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find a distribution and all distributions it depends on.
+
+        :param requirement: The requirement specifying the distribution to
+                            find, or a Distribution instance.
+        :param meta_extras: A list of meta extras such as :test:, :build: and
+                            so on.
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions to be
+                            returned - otherwise, don't return prereleases
+                            unless they're all that's available.
+
+        Return a set of :class:`Distribution` instances and a set of
+        problems.
+
+        The distributions returned should be such that they have the
+        :attr:`required` attribute set to ``True`` if they were
+        from the ``requirement`` passed to ``find()``, and they have the
+        :attr:`build_time_dependency` attribute set to ``True`` unless they
+        are post-installation dependencies of the ``requirement``.
+
+        The problems should be a tuple consisting of the string
+        ``'unsatisfied'`` and the requirement which couldn't be satisfied
+        by any distribution known to the locator.
+        """
+
+        self.provided = {}
+        self.dists = {}
+        self.dists_by_name = {}
+        self.reqts = {}
+
+        meta_extras = set(meta_extras or [])
+        if ':*:' in meta_extras:
+            meta_extras.remove(':*:')
+            # :meta: and :run: are implicitly included
+            meta_extras |= set([':test:', ':build:', ':dev:'])
+
+        if isinstance(requirement, Distribution):
+            dist = odist = requirement
+            logger.debug('passed %s as requirement', odist)
+        else:
+            dist = odist = self.locator.locate(requirement,
+                                               prereleases=prereleases)
+            if dist is None:
+                raise DistlibException('Unable to locate %r' % requirement)
+            logger.debug('located %s', odist)
+        dist.requested = True
+        problems = set()
+        todo = set([dist])
+        install_dists = set([odist])
+        while todo:
+            dist = todo.pop()
+            name = dist.key     # case-insensitive
+            if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                self.add_distribution(dist)
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                if other != dist:
+                    self.try_to_replace(dist, other, problems)
+
+            ireqts = dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+            sreqts = dist.build_requires
+            ereqts = set()
+            if meta_extras and dist in install_dists:
+                for key in ('test', 'build', 'dev'):
+                    e = ':%s:' % key
+                    if e in meta_extras:
+                        ereqts |= getattr(dist, '%s_requires' % key)
+            all_reqts = ireqts | sreqts | ereqts
+            for r in all_reqts:
+                providers = self.find_providers(r)
+                if not providers:
+                    logger.debug('No providers found for %r', r)
+                    provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=prereleases)
+                    # If no provider is found and we didn't consider
+                    # prereleases, consider them now.
+                    if provider is None and not prereleases:
+                        provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=True)
+                    if provider is None:
+                        logger.debug('Cannot satisfy %r', r)
+                        problems.add(('unsatisfied', r))
+                    else:
+                        n, v = provider.key, provider.version
+                        if (n, v) not in self.dists:
+                            todo.add(provider)
+                        providers.add(provider)
+                        if r in ireqts and dist in install_dists:
+                            install_dists.add(provider)
+                            logger.debug('Adding %s to install_dists',
+                                         provider.name_and_version)
+                for p in providers:
+                    name = p.key
+                    if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                        self.reqts.setdefault(p, set()).add(r)
+                    else:
+                        other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                        if other != p:
+                            # see if other can be replaced by p
+                            self.try_to_replace(p, other, problems)
+
+        dists = set(self.dists.values())
+        for dist in dists:
+            dist.build_time_dependency = dist not in install_dists
+            if dist.build_time_dependency:
+                logger.debug('%s is a build-time dependency only.',
+                             dist.name_and_version)
+        logger.debug('find done for %s', odist)
+        return dists, problems
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420dcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Class representing the list of files in a distribution.
+
+Equivalent to distutils.filelist, but fixes some problems.
+"""
+import fnmatch
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import fsdecode
+from .util import convert_path
+
+
+__all__ = ['Manifest']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# a \ followed by some spaces + EOL
+_COLLAPSE_PATTERN = re.compile('\\\\w*\n', re.M)
+_COMMENTED_LINE = re.compile('#.*?(?=\n)|\n(?=$)', re.M | re.S)
+
+#
+# Due to the different results returned by fnmatch.translate, we need
+# to do slightly different processing for Python 2.7 and 3.2 ... this needed
+# to be brought in for Python 3.6 onwards.
+#
+_PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class Manifest(object):
+    """
+    A list of files built by exploring the filesystem and filtered by applying various
+    patterns to what we find there.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory to explore under.
+        """
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base or os.getcwd()))
+        self.prefix = self.base + os.sep
+        self.allfiles = None
+        self.files = set()
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+    def findall(self):
+        """Find all files under the base and set ``allfiles`` to the absolute
+        pathnames of files found.
+        """
+        from stat import S_ISREG, S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+        self.allfiles = allfiles = []
+        root = self.base
+        stack = [root]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+
+        while stack:
+            root = pop()
+            names = os.listdir(root)
+
+            for name in names:
+                fullname = os.path.join(root, name)
+
+                # Avoid excess stat calls -- just one will do, thank you!
+                stat = os.stat(fullname)
+                mode = stat.st_mode
+                if S_ISREG(mode):
+                    allfiles.append(fsdecode(fullname))
+                elif S_ISDIR(mode) and not S_ISLNK(mode):
+                    push(fullname)
+
+    def add(self, item):
+        """
+        Add a file to the manifest.
+
+        :param item: The pathname to add. This can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        if not item.startswith(self.prefix):
+            item = os.path.join(self.base, item)
+        self.files.add(os.path.normpath(item))
+
+    def add_many(self, items):
+        """
+        Add a list of files to the manifest.
+
+        :param items: The pathnames to add. These can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        for item in items:
+            self.add(item)
+
+    def sorted(self, wantdirs=False):
+        """
+        Return sorted files in directory order
+        """
+
+        def add_dir(dirs, d):
+            dirs.add(d)
+            logger.debug('add_dir added %s', d)
+            if d != self.base:
+                parent, _ = os.path.split(d)
+                assert parent not in ('', '/')
+                add_dir(dirs, parent)
+
+        result = set(self.files)    # make a copy!
+        if wantdirs:
+            dirs = set()
+            for f in result:
+                add_dir(dirs, os.path.dirname(f))
+            result |= dirs
+        return [os.path.join(*path_tuple) for path_tuple in
+                sorted(os.path.split(path) for path in result)]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Clear all collected files."""
+        self.files = set()
+        self.allfiles = []
+
+    def process_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Process a directive which either adds some files from ``allfiles`` to
+        ``files``, or removes some files from ``files``.
+
+        :param directive: The directive to process. This should be in a format
+                     compatible with distutils ``MANIFEST.in`` files:
+
+                     http://docs.python.org/distutils/sourcedist.html#commands
+        """
+        # Parse the line: split it up, make sure the right number of words
+        # is there, and return the relevant words.  'action' is always
+        # defined: it's the first word of the line.  Which of the other
+        # three are defined depends on the action; it'll be either
+        # patterns, (dir and patterns), or (dirpattern).
+        action, patterns, thedir, dirpattern = self._parse_directive(directive)
+
+        # OK, now we know that the action is valid and we have the
+        # right number of words on the line for that action -- so we
+        # can proceed with minimal error-checking.
+        if action == 'include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=True):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=True)
+
+        elif action == 'global-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=False):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'anywhere in distribution', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'global-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=False)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'under directory %r', pattern, thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'graft':
+            if not self._include_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no directories found matching %r',
+                               dirpattern)
+
+        elif action == 'prune':
+            if not self._exclude_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no previously-included directories found '
+                               'matching %r', dirpattern)
+        else:   # pragma: no cover
+            # This should never happen, as it should be caught in
+            # _parse_template_line
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'invalid action %r' % action)
+
+    #
+    # Private API
+    #
+
+    def _parse_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Validate a directive.
+        :param directive: The directive to validate.
+        :return: A tuple of action, patterns, thedir, dir_patterns
+        """
+        words = directive.split()
+        if len(words) == 1 and words[0] not in ('include', 'exclude',
+                                                'global-include',
+                                                'global-exclude',
+                                                'recursive-include',
+                                                'recursive-exclude',
+                                                'graft', 'prune'):
+            # no action given, let's use the default 'include'
+            words.insert(0, 'include')
+
+        action = words[0]
+        patterns = thedir = dir_pattern = None
+
+        if action in ('include', 'exclude',
+                      'global-include', 'global-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[1:]]
+
+        elif action in ('recursive-include', 'recursive-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 3:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            thedir = convert_path(words[1])
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[2:]]
+
+        elif action in ('graft', 'prune'):
+            if len(words) != 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects a single <dir_pattern>' % action)
+
+            dir_pattern = convert_path(words[1])
+
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('unknown action %r' % action)
+
+        return action, patterns, thedir, dir_pattern
+
+    def _include_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Select strings (presumably filenames) from 'self.files' that
+        match 'pattern', a Unix-style wildcard (glob) pattern.
+
+        Patterns are not quite the same as implemented by the 'fnmatch'
+        module: '*' and '?'  match non-special characters, where "special"
+        is platform-dependent: slash on Unix; colon, slash, and backslash on
+        DOS/Windows; and colon on Mac OS.
+
+        If 'anchor' is true (the default), then the pattern match is more
+        stringent: "*.py" will match "foo.py" but not "foo/bar.py".  If
+        'anchor' is false, both of these will match.
+
+        If 'prefix' is supplied, then only filenames starting with 'prefix'
+        (itself a pattern) and ending with 'pattern', with anything in between
+        them, will match.  'anchor' is ignored in this case.
+
+        If 'is_regex' is true, 'anchor' and 'prefix' are ignored, and
+        'pattern' is assumed to be either a string containing a regex or a
+        regex object -- no translation is done, the regex is just compiled
+        and used as-is.
+
+        Selected strings will be added to self.files.
+
+        Return True if files are found.
+        """
+        # XXX docstring lying about what the special chars are?
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+
+        # delayed loading of allfiles list
+        if self.allfiles is None:
+            self.findall()
+
+        for name in self.allfiles:
+            if pattern_re.search(name):
+                self.files.add(name)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _exclude_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Remove strings (presumably filenames) from 'files' that match
+        'pattern'.
+
+        Other parameters are the same as for 'include_pattern()', above.
+        The list 'self.files' is modified in place. Return True if files are
+        found.
+
+        This API is public to allow e.g. exclusion of SCM subdirs, e.g. when
+        packaging source distributions
+        """
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+        for f in list(self.files):
+            if pattern_re.search(f):
+                self.files.remove(f)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _translate_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                           is_regex=False):
+        """Translate a shell-like wildcard pattern to a compiled regular
+        expression.
+
+        Return the compiled regex.  If 'is_regex' true,
+        then 'pattern' is directly compiled to a regex (if it's a string)
+        or just returned as-is (assumes it's a regex object).
+        """
+        if is_regex:
+            if isinstance(pattern, str):
+                return re.compile(pattern)
+            else:
+                return pattern
+
+        if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+            # ditch start and end characters
+            start, _, end = self._glob_to_re('_').partition('_')
+
+        if pattern:
+            pattern_re = self._glob_to_re(pattern)
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+                assert pattern_re.startswith(start) and pattern_re.endswith(end)
+        else:
+            pattern_re = ''
+
+        base = re.escape(os.path.join(self.base, ''))
+        if prefix is not None:
+            # ditch end of pattern character
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                empty_pattern = self._glob_to_re('')
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)[:-len(empty_pattern)]
+            else:
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)
+                assert prefix_re.startswith(start) and prefix_re.endswith(end)
+                prefix_re = prefix_re[len(start): len(prefix_re) - len(end)]
+            sep = os.sep
+            if os.sep == '\\':
+                sep = r'\\'
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                pattern_re = '^' + base + sep.join((prefix_re,
+                                                    '.*' + pattern_re))
+            else:
+                pattern_re = pattern_re[len(start): len(pattern_re) - len(end)]
+                pattern_re = r'%s%s%s%s.*%s%s' % (start, base, prefix_re, sep,
+                                                  pattern_re, end)
+        else:  # no prefix -- respect anchor flag
+            if anchor:
+                if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                    pattern_re = '^' + base + pattern_re
+                else:
+                    pattern_re = r'%s%s%s' % (start, base, pattern_re[len(start):])
+
+        return re.compile(pattern_re)
+
+    def _glob_to_re(self, pattern):
+        """Translate a shell-like glob pattern to a regular expression.
+
+        Return a string containing the regex.  Differs from
+        'fnmatch.translate()' in that '*' does not match "special characters"
+        (which are platform-specific).
+        """
+        pattern_re = fnmatch.translate(pattern)
+
+        # '?' and '*' in the glob pattern become '.' and '.*' in the RE, which
+        # IMHO is wrong -- '?' and '*' aren't supposed to match slash in Unix,
+        # and by extension they shouldn't match such "special characters" under
+        # any OS.  So change all non-escaped dots in the RE to match any
+        # character except the special characters (currently: just os.sep).
+        sep = os.sep
+        if os.sep == '\\':
+            # we're using a regex to manipulate a regex, so we need
+            # to escape the backslash twice
+            sep = r'\\\\'
+        escaped = r'\1[^%s]' % sep
+        pattern_re = re.sub(r'((?<!\\)(\\\\)*)\.', escaped, pattern_re)
+        return pattern_re
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1514d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Parser for the environment markers micro-language defined in PEP 508.
+"""
+
+# Note: In PEP 345, the micro-language was Python compatible, so the ast
+# module could be used to parse it. However, PEP 508 introduced operators such
+# as ~= and === which aren't in Python, necessitating a different approach.
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import platform
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import in_venv, parse_marker
+from .version import LegacyVersion as LV
+
+__all__ = ['interpret']
+
+_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'((\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)|\'(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\'|\"(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\")')
+_VERSION_MARKERS = {'python_version', 'python_full_version'}
+
+
+def _is_version_marker(s):
+    return isinstance(s, string_types) and s in _VERSION_MARKERS
+
+
+def _is_literal(o):
+    if not isinstance(o, string_types) or not o:
+        return False
+    return o[0] in '\'"'
+
+
+def _get_versions(s):
+    return {LV(m.groups()[0]) for m in _VERSION_PATTERN.finditer(s)}
+
+
+class Evaluator(object):
+    """
+    This class is used to evaluate marker expressions.
+    """
+
+    operations = {
+        '==': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '===': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '~=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        '!=': lambda x, y: x != y,
+        '<': lambda x, y: x < y,
+        '<=': lambda x, y: x == y or x < y,
+        '>': lambda x, y: x > y,
+        '>=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        'and': lambda x, y: x and y,
+        'or': lambda x, y: x or y,
+        'in': lambda x, y: x in y,
+        'not in': lambda x, y: x not in y,
+    }
+
+    def evaluate(self, expr, context):
+        """
+        Evaluate a marker expression returned by the :func:`parse_requirement`
+        function in the specified context.
+        """
+        if isinstance(expr, string_types):
+            if expr[0] in '\'"':
+                result = expr[1:-1]
+            else:
+                if expr not in context:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unknown variable: %s' % expr)
+                result = context[expr]
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(expr, dict)
+            op = expr['op']
+            if op not in self.operations:
+                raise NotImplementedError('op not implemented: %s' % op)
+            elhs = expr['lhs']
+            erhs = expr['rhs']
+            if _is_literal(expr['lhs']) and _is_literal(expr['rhs']):
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid comparison: %s %s %s' %
+                                  (elhs, op, erhs))
+
+            lhs = self.evaluate(elhs, context)
+            rhs = self.evaluate(erhs, context)
+            if ((_is_version_marker(elhs) or _is_version_marker(erhs))
+                    and op in ('<', '<=', '>', '>=', '===', '==', '!=', '~=')):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = LV(rhs)
+            elif _is_version_marker(elhs) and op in ('in', 'not in'):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = _get_versions(rhs)
+            result = self.operations[op](lhs, rhs)
+        return result
+
+
+_DIGITS = re.compile(r'\d+\.\d+')
+
+
+def default_context():
+
+    def format_full_version(info):
+        version = '%s.%s.%s' % (info.major, info.minor, info.micro)
+        kind = info.releaselevel
+        if kind != 'final':
+            version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+        return version
+
+    if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'):
+        implementation_version = format_full_version(
+            sys.implementation.version)
+        implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    else:
+        implementation_version = '0'
+        implementation_name = ''
+
+    ppv = platform.python_version()
+    m = _DIGITS.match(ppv)
+    pv = m.group(0)
+    result = {
+        'implementation_name': implementation_name,
+        'implementation_version': implementation_version,
+        'os_name': os.name,
+        'platform_machine': platform.machine(),
+        'platform_python_implementation': platform.python_implementation(),
+        'platform_release': platform.release(),
+        'platform_system': platform.system(),
+        'platform_version': platform.version(),
+        'platform_in_venv': str(in_venv()),
+        'python_full_version': ppv,
+        'python_version': pv,
+        'sys_platform': sys.platform,
+    }
+    return result
+
+
+DEFAULT_CONTEXT = default_context()
+del default_context
+
+evaluator = Evaluator()
+
+
+def interpret(marker, execution_context=None):
+    """
+    Interpret a marker and return a result depending on environment.
+
+    :param marker: The marker to interpret.
+    :type marker: str
+    :param execution_context: The context used for name lookup.
+    :type execution_context: mapping
+    """
+    try:
+        expr, rest = parse_marker(marker)
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise SyntaxError('Unable to interpret marker syntax: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, e))
+    if rest and rest[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data in marker: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, rest))
+    context = dict(DEFAULT_CONTEXT)
+    if execution_context:
+        context.update(execution_context)
+    return evaluator.evaluate(expr, context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7189aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""Implementation of the Metadata for Python packages PEPs.
+
+Supports all metadata formats (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3/2.1 and 2.2).
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+from email import message_from_file
+import json
+import logging
+import re
+
+
+from . import DistlibException, __version__
+from .compat import StringIO, string_types, text_type
+from .markers import interpret
+from .util import extract_by_key, get_extras
+from .version import get_scheme, PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class MetadataMissingError(DistlibException):
+    """A required metadata is missing"""
+
+
+class MetadataConflictError(DistlibException):
+    """Attempt to read or write metadata fields that are conflictual."""
+
+
+class MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(DistlibException):
+    """Unknown metadata version number."""
+
+
+class MetadataInvalidError(DistlibException):
+    """A metadata value is invalid"""
+
+# public API of this module
+__all__ = ['Metadata', 'PKG_INFO_ENCODING', 'PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION']
+
+# Encoding used for the PKG-INFO files
+PKG_INFO_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
+
+# preferred version. Hopefully will be changed
+# to 1.2 once PEP 345 is supported everywhere
+PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION = '1.1'
+
+_LINE_PREFIX_1_2 = re.compile('\n       \\|')
+_LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2 = re.compile('\n        ')
+_241_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License')
+
+_314_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License', 'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Provides', 'Requires')
+
+_314_MARKERS = ('Obsoletes', 'Provides', 'Requires', 'Classifier',
+                'Download-URL')
+
+_345_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External')
+
+_345_MARKERS = ('Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-Python',
+                'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Requires-External', 'Maintainer',
+                'Maintainer-email', 'Project-URL')
+
+_426_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External', 'Private-Version',
+               'Obsoleted-By', 'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension',
+               'Provides-Extra')
+
+_426_MARKERS = ('Private-Version', 'Provides-Extra', 'Obsoleted-By',
+                'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension')
+
+# See issue #106: Sometimes 'Requires' and 'Provides' occur wrongly in
+# the metadata. Include them in the tuple literal below to allow them
+# (for now).
+# Ditto for Obsoletes - see issue #140.
+_566_FIELDS = _426_FIELDS + ('Description-Content-Type',
+                             'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes')
+
+_566_MARKERS = ('Description-Content-Type',)
+
+_643_MARKERS = ('Dynamic', 'License-File')
+
+_643_FIELDS = _566_FIELDS + _643_MARKERS
+
+_ALL_FIELDS = set()
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_241_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_314_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_345_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_426_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_566_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_643_FIELDS)
+
+EXTRA_RE = re.compile(r'''extra\s*==\s*("([^"]+)"|'([^']+)')''')
+
+
+def _version2fieldlist(version):
+    if version == '1.0':
+        return _241_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.1':
+        return _314_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.2':
+        return _345_FIELDS
+    elif version in ('1.3', '2.1'):
+        # avoid adding field names if already there
+        return _345_FIELDS + tuple(f for f in _566_FIELDS if f not in _345_FIELDS)
+    elif version == '2.0':
+        raise ValueError('Metadata 2.0 is withdrawn and not supported')
+        # return _426_FIELDS
+    elif version == '2.2':
+        return _643_FIELDS
+    raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(version)
+
+
+def _best_version(fields):
+    """Detect the best version depending on the fields used."""
+    def _has_marker(keys, markers):
+        return any(marker in keys for marker in markers)
+
+    keys = [key for key, value in fields.items() if value not in ([], 'UNKNOWN', None)]
+    possible_versions = ['1.0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '2.1', '2.2']  # 2.0 removed
+
+    # first let's try to see if a field is not part of one of the version
+    for key in keys:
+        if key not in _241_FIELDS and '1.0' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.0')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.0 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _314_FIELDS and '1.1' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.1')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _345_FIELDS and '1.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.2 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '1.3' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.3')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.3 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '2.1' in possible_versions:
+            if key != 'Description':  # In 2.1, description allowed after headers
+                possible_versions.remove('2.1')
+                logger.debug('Removed 2.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _643_FIELDS and '2.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('2.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 2.2 due to %s', key)
+        # if key not in _426_FIELDS and '2.0' in possible_versions:
+            # possible_versions.remove('2.0')
+            # logger.debug('Removed 2.0 due to %s', key)
+
+    # possible_version contains qualified versions
+    if len(possible_versions) == 1:
+        return possible_versions[0]   # found !
+    elif len(possible_versions) == 0:
+        logger.debug('Out of options - unknown metadata set: %s', fields)
+        raise MetadataConflictError('Unknown metadata set')
+
+    # let's see if one unique marker is found
+    is_1_1 = '1.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _314_MARKERS)
+    is_1_2 = '1.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _345_MARKERS)
+    is_2_1 = '2.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _566_MARKERS)
+    # is_2_0 = '2.0' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _426_MARKERS)
+    is_2_2 = '2.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _643_MARKERS)
+    if int(is_1_1) + int(is_1_2) + int(is_2_1) + int(is_2_2) > 1:
+        raise MetadataConflictError('You used incompatible 1.1/1.2/2.1/2.2 fields')
+
+    # we have the choice, 1.0, or 1.2, 2.1 or 2.2
+    #   - 1.0 has a broken Summary field but works with all tools
+    #   - 1.1 is to avoid
+    #   - 1.2 fixes Summary but has little adoption
+    #   - 2.1 adds more features
+    #   - 2.2 is the latest
+    if not is_1_1 and not is_1_2 and not is_2_1 and not is_2_2:
+        # we couldn't find any specific marker
+        if PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION in possible_versions:
+            return PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION
+    if is_1_1:
+        return '1.1'
+    if is_1_2:
+        return '1.2'
+    if is_2_1:
+        return '2.1'
+    # if is_2_2:
+        # return '2.2'
+
+    return '2.2'
+
+# This follows the rules about transforming keys as described in
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17
+_ATTR2FIELD = {
+    name.lower().replace("-", "_"): name for name in _ALL_FIELDS
+}
+_FIELD2ATTR = {field: attr for attr, field in _ATTR2FIELD.items()}
+
+_PREDICATE_FIELDS = ('Requires-Dist', 'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Provides-Dist')
+_VERSIONS_FIELDS = ('Requires-Python',)
+_VERSION_FIELDS = ('Version',)
+_LISTFIELDS = ('Platform', 'Classifier', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-External',
+               'Project-URL', 'Supported-Platform', 'Setup-Requires-Dist',
+               'Provides-Extra', 'Extension', 'License-File')
+_LISTTUPLEFIELDS = ('Project-URL',)
+
+_ELEMENTSFIELD = ('Keywords',)
+
+_UNICODEFIELDS = ('Author', 'Maintainer', 'Summary', 'Description')
+
+_MISSING = object()
+
+_FILESAFE = re.compile('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+')
+
+
+def _get_name_and_version(name, version, for_filename=False):
+    """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+    If for_filename is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+    if for_filename:
+        # For both name and version any runs of non-alphanumeric or '.'
+        # characters are replaced with a single '-'.  Additionally any
+        # spaces in the version string become '.'
+        name = _FILESAFE.sub('-', name)
+        version = _FILESAFE.sub('-', version.replace(' ', '.'))
+    return '%s-%s' % (name, version)
+
+
+class LegacyMetadata(object):
+    """The legacy metadata of a release.
+
+    Supports versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0 and 1.3/2.1 (auto-detected). You can
+    instantiate the class with one of these arguments (or none):
+    - *path*, the path to a metadata file
+    - *fileobj* give a file-like object with metadata as content
+    - *mapping* is a dict-like object
+    - *scheme* is a version scheme name
+    """
+    # TODO document the mapping API and UNKNOWN default key
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._fields = {}
+        self.requires_files = []
+        self._dependencies = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        if path is not None:
+            self.read(path)
+        elif fileobj is not None:
+            self.read_file(fileobj)
+        elif mapping is not None:
+            self.update(mapping)
+            self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def set_metadata_version(self):
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = _best_version(self._fields)
+
+    def _write_field(self, fileobj, name, value):
+        fileobj.write('%s: %s\n' % (name, value))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        return self.get(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        field_name = self._convert_name(name)
+        try:
+            del self._fields[field_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        return (name in self._fields or
+                self._convert_name(name) in self._fields)
+
+    def _convert_name(self, name):
+        if name in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            return name
+        name = name.replace('-', '_').lower()
+        return _ATTR2FIELD.get(name, name)
+
+    def _default_value(self, name):
+        if name in _LISTFIELDS or name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            return []
+        return 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def _remove_line_prefix(self, value):
+        if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+        else:
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in _ATTR2FIELD:
+            return self[name]
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+#    dependencies = property(_get_dependencies, _set_dependencies)
+
+    def get_fullname(self, filesafe=False):
+        """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+        If filesafe is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+        return _get_name_and_version(self['Name'], self['Version'], filesafe)
+
+    def is_field(self, name):
+        """return True if name is a valid metadata key"""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _ALL_FIELDS
+
+    def is_multi_field(self, name):
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _LISTFIELDS
+
+    def read(self, filepath):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file path."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.read_file(fp)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def read_file(self, fileob):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file object."""
+        msg = message_from_file(fileob)
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = msg['metadata-version']
+
+        # When reading, get all the fields we can
+        for field in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            if field not in msg:
+                continue
+            if field in _LISTFIELDS:
+                # we can have multiple lines
+                values = msg.get_all(field)
+                if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS and values is not None:
+                    values = [tuple(value.split(',')) for value in values]
+                self.set(field, values)
+            else:
+                # single line
+                value = msg[field]
+                if value is not None and value != 'UNKNOWN':
+                    self.set(field, value)
+
+        # PEP 566 specifies that the body be used for the description, if
+        # available
+        body = msg.get_payload()
+        self["Description"] = body if body else self["Description"]
+        # logger.debug('Attempting to set metadata for %s', self)
+        # self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def write(self, filepath, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the metadata fields to filepath."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.write_file(fp, skip_unknown)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def write_file(self, fileobject, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the PKG-INFO format data to a file object."""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        for field in _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']):
+            values = self.get(field)
+            if skip_unknown and values in ('UNKNOWN', [], ['UNKNOWN']):
+                continue
+            if field in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, ','.join(values))
+                continue
+            if field not in _LISTFIELDS:
+                if field == 'Description':
+                    if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n        ')
+                    else:
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n       |')
+                values = [values]
+
+            if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                values = [','.join(value) for value in values]
+
+            for value in values:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, value)
+
+    def update(self, other=None, **kwargs):
+        """Set metadata values from the given iterable `other` and kwargs.
+
+        Behavior is like `dict.update`: If `other` has a ``keys`` method,
+        they are looped over and ``self[key]`` is assigned ``other[key]``.
+        Else, ``other`` is an iterable of ``(key, value)`` iterables.
+
+        Keys that don't match a metadata field or that have an empty value are
+        dropped.
+        """
+        def _set(key, value):
+            if key in _ATTR2FIELD and value:
+                self.set(self._convert_name(key), value)
+
+        if not other:
+            # other is None or empty container
+            pass
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for k in other.keys():
+                _set(k, other[k])
+        else:
+            for k, v in other:
+                _set(k, v)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                _set(k, v)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        """Control then set a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+
+        if ((name in _ELEMENTSFIELD or name == 'Platform') and
+            not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')]
+            else:
+                value = []
+        elif (name in _LISTFIELDS and
+              not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [value]
+            else:
+                value = []
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.WARNING):
+            project_name = self['Name']
+
+            scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+            if name in _PREDICATE_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                for v in value:
+                    # check that the values are valid
+                    if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "'%s': '%s' is not valid (field '%s')",
+                            project_name, v, name)
+            # FIXME this rejects UNKNOWN, is that right?
+            elif name in _VERSIONS_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_constraint_list(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+            elif name in _VERSION_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_version(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            if name == 'Description':
+                value = self._remove_line_prefix(value)
+
+        self._fields[name] = value
+
+    def get(self, name, default=_MISSING):
+        """Get a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        if name not in self._fields:
+            if default is _MISSING:
+                default = self._default_value(name)
+            return default
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            return value
+        elif name in _LISTFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if value is None:
+                return []
+            res = []
+            for val in value:
+                if name not in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                    res.append(val)
+                else:
+                    # That's for Project-URL
+                    res.append((val[0], val[1]))
+            return res
+
+        elif name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                return value.split(',')
+        return self._fields[name]
+
+    def check(self, strict=False):
+        """Check if the metadata is compliant. If strict is True then raise if
+        no Name or Version are provided"""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        # XXX should check the versions (if the file was loaded)
+        missing, warnings = [], []
+
+        for attr in ('Name', 'Version'):  # required by PEP 345
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        if strict and missing != []:
+            msg = 'missing required metadata: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+
+        for attr in ('Home-page', 'Author'):
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        # checking metadata 1.2 (XXX needs to check 1.1, 1.0)
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] != '1.2':
+            return missing, warnings
+
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+
+        def are_valid_constraints(value):
+            for v in value:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                    return False
+            return True
+
+        for fields, controller in ((_PREDICATE_FIELDS, are_valid_constraints),
+                                   (_VERSIONS_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_constraint_list),
+                                   (_VERSION_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_version)):
+            for field in fields:
+                value = self.get(field, None)
+                if value is not None and not controller(value):
+                    warnings.append("Wrong value for '%s': %s" % (field, value))
+
+        return missing, warnings
+
+    def todict(self, skip_missing=False):
+        """Return fields as a dict.
+
+        Field names will be converted to use the underscore-lowercase style
+        instead of hyphen-mixed case (i.e. home_page instead of Home-page).
+        This is as per https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17.
+        """
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        fields = _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version'])
+
+        data = {}
+
+        for field_name in fields:
+            if not skip_missing or field_name in self._fields:
+                key = _FIELD2ATTR[field_name]
+                if key != 'project_url':
+                    data[key] = self[field_name]
+                else:
+                    data[key] = [','.join(u) for u in self[field_name]]
+
+        return data
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] == '1.1':
+            # we can't have 1.1 metadata *and* Setuptools requires
+            for field in ('Obsoletes', 'Requires', 'Provides'):
+                if field in self:
+                    del self[field]
+        self['Requires-Dist'] += requirements
+
+    # Mapping API
+    # TODO could add iter* variants
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(_version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for key in self.keys():
+            yield key
+
+    def values(self):
+        return [self[key] for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def items(self):
+        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name,
+                               self.version)
+
+
+METADATA_FILENAME = 'pydist.json'
+WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME = 'metadata.json'
+LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME = 'METADATA'
+
+
+class Metadata(object):
+    """
+    The metadata of a release. This implementation uses 2.1
+    metadata where possible. If not possible, it wraps a LegacyMetadata
+    instance which handles the key-value metadata format.
+    """
+
+    METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^\d+(\.\d+)*$')
+
+    NAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[0-9A-Z]([0-9A-Z_.-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    FIELDNAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[A-Z]([0-9A-Z-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    VERSION_MATCHER = PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+    SUMMARY_MATCHER = re.compile('.{1,2047}')
+
+    METADATA_VERSION = '2.0'
+
+    GENERATOR = 'distlib (%s)' % __version__
+
+    MANDATORY_KEYS = {
+        'name': (),
+        'version': (),
+        'summary': ('legacy',),
+    }
+
+    INDEX_KEYS = ('name version license summary description author '
+                  'author_email keywords platform home_page classifiers '
+                  'download_url')
+
+    DEPENDENCY_KEYS = ('extras run_requires test_requires build_requires '
+                       'dev_requires provides meta_requires obsoleted_by '
+                       'supports_environments')
+
+    SYNTAX_VALIDATORS = {
+        'metadata_version': (METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER, ()),
+        'name': (NAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'version': (VERSION_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'summary': (SUMMARY_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'dynamic': (FIELDNAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+    }
+
+    __slots__ = ('_legacy', '_data', 'scheme')
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._legacy = None
+        self._data = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        #import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        if mapping is not None:
+            try:
+                self._validate_mapping(mapping, scheme)
+                self._data = mapping
+            except MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError:
+                self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(mapping=mapping, scheme=scheme)
+                self.validate()
+        else:
+            data = None
+            if path:
+                with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                    data = f.read()
+            elif fileobj:
+                data = fileobj.read()
+            if data is None:
+                # Initialised with no args - to be added
+                self._data = {
+                    'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+                    'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+                }
+            else:
+                if not isinstance(data, text_type):
+                    data = data.decode('utf-8')
+                try:
+                    self._data = json.loads(data)
+                    self._validate_mapping(self._data, scheme)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Note: MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError does not
+                    # inherit from ValueError (it's a DistlibException,
+                    # which should not inherit from ValueError).
+                    # The ValueError comes from the json.load - if that
+                    # succeeds and we get a validation error, we want
+                    # that to propagate
+                    self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(fileobj=StringIO(data),
+                                                  scheme=scheme)
+                    self.validate()
+
+    common_keys = set(('name', 'version', 'license', 'keywords', 'summary'))
+
+    none_list = (None, list)
+    none_dict = (None, dict)
+
+    mapped_keys = {
+        'run_requires': ('Requires-Dist', list),
+        'build_requires': ('Setup-Requires-Dist', list),
+        'dev_requires': none_list,
+        'test_requires': none_list,
+        'meta_requires': none_list,
+        'extras': ('Provides-Extra', list),
+        'modules': none_list,
+        'namespaces': none_list,
+        'exports': none_dict,
+        'commands': none_dict,
+        'classifiers': ('Classifier', list),
+        'source_url': ('Download-URL', None),
+        'metadata_version': ('Metadata-Version', None),
+    }
+
+    del none_list, none_dict
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, key):
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, maker = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    result = None if maker is None else maker()
+                else:
+                    result = self._legacy.get(lk)
+            else:
+                value = None if maker is None else maker()
+                if key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                               'classifiers'):
+                    result = self._data.get(key, value)
+                else:
+                    # special cases for PEP 459
+                    sentinel = object()
+                    result = sentinel
+                    d = self._data.get('extensions')
+                    if d:
+                        if key == 'commands':
+                            result = d.get('python.commands', value)
+                        elif key == 'classifiers':
+                            d = d.get('python.details')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                        else:
+                            d = d.get('python.exports')
+                            if not d:
+                                d = self._data.get('python.exports')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                    if result is sentinel:
+                        result = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            result = object.__getattribute__(self, key)
+        elif self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy.get(key)
+        else:
+            result = self._data.get(key)
+        return result
+
+    def _validate_value(self, key, value, scheme=None):
+        if key in self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS:
+            pattern, exclusions = self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS[key]
+            if (scheme or self.scheme) not in exclusions:
+                m = pattern.match(value)
+                if not m:
+                    raise MetadataInvalidError("'%s' is an invalid value for "
+                                               "the '%s' property" % (value,
+                                                                    key))
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        self._validate_value(key, value)
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, _ = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    raise NotImplementedError
+                self._legacy[lk] = value
+            elif key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                             'classifiers'):
+                self._data[key] = value
+            else:
+                # special cases for PEP 459
+                d = self._data.setdefault('extensions', {})
+                if key == 'commands':
+                    d['python.commands'] = value
+                elif key == 'classifiers':
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.details', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+                else:
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.exports', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
+        else:
+            if key == 'keywords':
+                if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                    value = value.strip()
+                    if value:
+                        value = value.split()
+                    else:
+                        value = []
+            if self._legacy:
+                self._legacy[key] = value
+            else:
+                self._data[key] = value
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        return _get_name_and_version(self.name, self.version, True)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy['Provides-Dist']
+        else:
+            result = self._data.setdefault('provides', [])
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in result:
+            result.append(s)
+        return result
+
+    @provides.setter
+    def provides(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy['Provides-Dist'] = value
+        else:
+            self._data['provides'] = value
+
+    def get_requirements(self, reqts, extras=None, env=None):
+        """
+        Base method to get dependencies, given a set of extras
+        to satisfy and an optional environment context.
+        :param reqts: A list of sometimes-wanted dependencies,
+                      perhaps dependent on extras and environment.
+        :param extras: A list of optional components being requested.
+        :param env: An optional environment for marker evaluation.
+        """
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = reqts
+        else:
+            result = []
+            extras = get_extras(extras or [], self.extras)
+            for d in reqts:
+                if 'extra' not in d and 'environment' not in d:
+                    # unconditional
+                    include = True
+                else:
+                    if 'extra' not in d:
+                        # Not extra-dependent - only environment-dependent
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = d.get('extra') in extras
+                    if include:
+                        # Not excluded because of extras, check environment
+                        marker = d.get('environment')
+                        if marker:
+                            include = interpret(marker, env)
+                if include:
+                    result.extend(d['requires'])
+            for key in ('build', 'dev', 'test'):
+                e = ':%s:' % key
+                if e in extras:
+                    extras.remove(e)
+                    # A recursive call, but it should terminate since 'test'
+                    # has been removed from the extras
+                    reqts = self._data.get('%s_requires' % key, [])
+                    result.extend(self.get_requirements(reqts, extras=extras,
+                                                        env=env))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dictionary(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._from_legacy()
+        return self._data
+
+    @property
+    def dependencies(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            return extract_by_key(self._data, self.DEPENDENCY_KEYS)
+
+    @dependencies.setter
+    def dependencies(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            self._data.update(value)
+
+    def _validate_mapping(self, mapping, scheme):
+        if mapping.get('metadata_version') != self.METADATA_VERSION:
+            raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError()
+        missing = []
+        for key, exclusions in self.MANDATORY_KEYS.items():
+            if key not in mapping:
+                if scheme not in exclusions:
+                    missing.append(key)
+        if missing:
+            msg = 'Missing metadata items: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+        for k, v in mapping.items():
+            self._validate_value(k, v, scheme)
+
+    def validate(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            missing, warnings = self._legacy.check(True)
+            if missing or warnings:
+                logger.warning('Metadata: missing: %s, warnings: %s',
+                               missing, warnings)
+        else:
+            self._validate_mapping(self._data, self.scheme)
+
+    def todict(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._legacy.todict(True)
+        else:
+            result = extract_by_key(self._data, self.INDEX_KEYS)
+            return result
+
+    def _from_legacy(self):
+        assert self._legacy and not self._data
+        result = {
+            'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+            'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+        }
+        lmd = self._legacy.todict(True)     # skip missing ones
+        for k in ('name', 'version', 'license', 'summary', 'description',
+                  'classifier'):
+            if k in lmd:
+                if k == 'classifier':
+                    nk = 'classifiers'
+                else:
+                    nk = k
+                result[nk] = lmd[k]
+        kw = lmd.get('Keywords', [])
+        if kw == ['']:
+            kw = []
+        result['keywords'] = kw
+        keys = (('requires_dist', 'run_requires'),
+                ('setup_requires_dist', 'build_requires'))
+        for ok, nk in keys:
+            if ok in lmd and lmd[ok]:
+                result[nk] = [{'requires': lmd[ok]}]
+        result['provides'] = self.provides
+        author = {}
+        maintainer = {}
+        return result
+
+    LEGACY_MAPPING = {
+        'name': 'Name',
+        'version': 'Version',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'license'): 'License',
+        'summary': 'Summary',
+        'description': 'Description',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'project_urls', 'Home'): 'Home-page',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'name'): 'Author',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'email'): 'Author-email',
+        'source_url': 'Download-URL',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'classifiers'): 'Classifier',
+    }
+
+    def _to_legacy(self):
+        def process_entries(entries):
+            reqts = set()
+            for e in entries:
+                extra = e.get('extra')
+                env = e.get('environment')
+                rlist = e['requires']
+                for r in rlist:
+                    if not env and not extra:
+                        reqts.add(r)
+                    else:
+                        marker = ''
+                        if extra:
+                            marker = 'extra == "%s"' % extra
+                        if env:
+                            if marker:
+                                marker = '(%s) and %s' % (env, marker)
+                            else:
+                                marker = env
+                        reqts.add(';'.join((r, marker)))
+            return reqts
+
+        assert self._data and not self._legacy
+        result = LegacyMetadata()
+        nmd = self._data
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        for nk, ok in self.LEGACY_MAPPING.items():
+            if not isinstance(nk, tuple):
+                if nk in nmd:
+                    result[ok] = nmd[nk]
+            else:
+                d = nmd
+                found = True
+                for k in nk:
+                    try:
+                        d = d[k]
+                    except (KeyError, IndexError):
+                        found = False
+                        break
+                if found:
+                    result[ok] = d
+        r1 = process_entries(self.run_requires + self.meta_requires)
+        r2 = process_entries(self.build_requires + self.dev_requires)
+        if self.extras:
+            result['Provides-Extra'] = sorted(self.extras)
+        result['Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r1)
+        result['Setup-Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r2)
+        # TODO: any other fields wanted
+        return result
+
+    def write(self, path=None, fileobj=None, legacy=False, skip_unknown=True):
+        if [path, fileobj].count(None) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('Exactly one of path and fileobj is needed')
+        self.validate()
+        if legacy:
+            if self._legacy:
+                legacy_md = self._legacy
+            else:
+                legacy_md = self._to_legacy()
+            if path:
+                legacy_md.write(path, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+            else:
+                legacy_md.write_file(fileobj, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+        else:
+            if self._legacy:
+                d = self._from_legacy()
+            else:
+                d = self._data
+            if fileobj:
+                json.dump(d, fileobj, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                          sort_keys=True)
+            else:
+                with codecs.open(path, 'w', 'utf-8') as f:
+                    json.dump(d, f, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                              sort_keys=True)
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy.add_requirements(requirements)
+        else:
+            run_requires = self._data.setdefault('run_requires', [])
+            always = None
+            for entry in run_requires:
+                if 'environment' not in entry and 'extra' not in entry:
+                    always = entry
+                    break
+            if always is None:
+                always = { 'requires': requirements }
+                run_requires.insert(0, always)
+            else:
+                rset = set(always['requires']) | set(requirements)
+                always['requires'] = sorted(rset)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self.name or '(no name)'
+        version = self.version or 'no version'
+        return '<%s %s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                    self.metadata_version, name, version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef52aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import bisect
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pkgutil
+import sys
+import types
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .util import cached_property, get_cache_base, Cache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+cache = None    # created when needed
+
+
+class ResourceCache(Cache):
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        if base is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('resource-cache'))
+        super(ResourceCache, self).__init__(base)
+
+    def is_stale(self, resource, path):
+        """
+        Is the cache stale for the given resource?
+
+        :param resource: The :class:`Resource` being cached.
+        :param path: The path of the resource in the cache.
+        :return: True if the cache is stale.
+        """
+        # Cache invalidation is a hard problem :-)
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, resource):
+        """
+        Get a resource into the cache,
+
+        :param resource: A :class:`Resource` instance.
+        :return: The pathname of the resource in the cache.
+        """
+        prefix, path = resource.finder.get_cache_info(resource)
+        if prefix is None:
+            result = path
+        else:
+            result = os.path.join(self.base, self.prefix_to_dir(prefix), path)
+            dirname = os.path.dirname(result)
+            if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
+                os.makedirs(dirname)
+            if not os.path.exists(result):
+                stale = True
+            else:
+                stale = self.is_stale(resource, path)
+            if stale:
+                # write the bytes of the resource to the cache location
+                with open(result, 'wb') as f:
+                    f.write(resource.bytes)
+        return result
+
+
+class ResourceBase(object):
+    def __init__(self, finder, name):
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.name = name
+
+
+class Resource(ResourceBase):
+    """
+    A class representing an in-package resource, such as a data file. This is
+    not normally instantiated by user code, but rather by a
+    :class:`ResourceFinder` which manages the resource.
+    """
+    is_container = False        # Backwards compatibility
+
+    def as_stream(self):
+        """
+        Get the resource as a stream.
+
+        This is not a property to make it obvious that it returns a new stream
+        each time.
+        """
+        return self.finder.get_stream(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def file_path(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            cache = ResourceCache()
+        return cache.get(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def bytes(self):
+        return self.finder.get_bytes(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.finder.get_size(self)
+
+
+class ResourceContainer(ResourceBase):
+    is_container = True     # Backwards compatibility
+
+    @cached_property
+    def resources(self):
+        return self.finder.get_resources(self)
+
+
+class ResourceFinder(object):
+    """
+    Resource finder for file system resources.
+    """
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo', '.class')
+    else:
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo')
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.module = module
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.base = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    def _make_path(self, resource_name):
+        # Issue #50: need to preserve type of path on Python 2.x
+        # like os.path._get_sep
+        if isinstance(resource_name, bytes):    # should only happen on 2.x
+            sep = b'/'
+        else:
+            sep = '/'
+        parts = resource_name.split(sep)
+        parts.insert(0, self.base)
+        result = os.path.join(*parts)
+        return self._adjust_path(result)
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        return None, resource.path
+
+    def find(self, resource_name):
+        path = self._make_path(resource_name)
+        if not self._find(path):
+            result = None
+        else:
+            if self._is_directory(path):
+                result = ResourceContainer(self, resource_name)
+            else:
+                result = Resource(self, resource_name)
+            result.path = path
+        return result
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return open(resource.path, 'rb')
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        with open(resource.path, 'rb') as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        return os.path.getsize(resource.path)
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        def allowed(f):
+            return (f != '__pycache__' and not
+                    f.endswith(self.skipped_extensions))
+        return set([f for f in os.listdir(resource.path) if allowed(f)])
+
+    def is_container(self, resource):
+        return self._is_directory(resource.path)
+
+    _is_directory = staticmethod(os.path.isdir)
+
+    def iterator(self, resource_name):
+        resource = self.find(resource_name)
+        if resource is not None:
+            todo = [resource]
+            while todo:
+                resource = todo.pop(0)
+                yield resource
+                if resource.is_container:
+                    rname = resource.name
+                    for name in resource.resources:
+                        if not rname:
+                            new_name = name
+                        else:
+                            new_name = '/'.join([rname, name])
+                        child = self.find(new_name)
+                        if child.is_container:
+                            todo.append(child)
+                        else:
+                            yield child
+
+
+class ZipResourceFinder(ResourceFinder):
+    """
+    Resource finder for resources in .zip files.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super(ZipResourceFinder, self).__init__(module)
+        archive = self.loader.archive
+        self.prefix_len = 1 + len(archive)
+        # PyPy doesn't have a _files attr on zipimporter, and you can't set one
+        if hasattr(self.loader, '_files'):
+            self._files = self.loader._files
+        else:
+            self._files = zipimport._zip_directory_cache[archive]
+        self.index = sorted(self._files)
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return path
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path in self._files:
+            result = True
+        else:
+            if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+                path = path + os.sep
+            i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+            try:
+                result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+            except IndexError:
+                result = False
+        if not result:
+            logger.debug('_find failed: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        else:
+            logger.debug('_find worked: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        return result
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        prefix = self.loader.archive
+        path = resource.path[1 + len(prefix):]
+        return prefix, path
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        return self.loader.get_data(resource.path)
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_bytes(resource))
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        return self._files[path][3]
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        plen = len(path)
+        result = set()
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        while i < len(self.index):
+            if not self.index[i].startswith(path):
+                break
+            s = self.index[i][plen:]
+            result.add(s.split(os.sep, 1)[0])   # only immediate children
+            i += 1
+        return result
+
+    def _is_directory(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        try:
+            result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+        except IndexError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+
+_finder_registry = {
+    type(None): ResourceFinder,
+    zipimport.zipimporter: ZipResourceFinder
+}
+
+try:
+    # In Python 3.6, _frozen_importlib -> _frozen_importlib_external
+    try:
+        import _frozen_importlib_external as _fi
+    except ImportError:
+        import _frozen_importlib as _fi
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourceFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    _finder_registry[_fi.FileFinder] = ResourceFinder
+    # See issue #146
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourcelessFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    del _fi
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def register_finder(loader, finder_maker):
+    _finder_registry[type(loader)] = finder_maker
+
+
+_finder_cache = {}
+
+
+def finder(package):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a package.
+    :param package: The name of the package.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the package.
+    """
+    if package in _finder_cache:
+        result = _finder_cache[package]
+    else:
+        if package not in sys.modules:
+            __import__(package)
+        module = sys.modules[package]
+        path = getattr(module, '__path__', None)
+        if path is None:
+            raise DistlibException('You cannot get a finder for a module, '
+                                   'only for a package')
+        loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        finder_maker = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+        if finder_maker is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to locate finder for %r' % package)
+        result = finder_maker(module)
+        _finder_cache[package] = result
+    return result
+
+
+_dummy_module = types.ModuleType(str('__dummy__'))
+
+
+def finder_for_path(path):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a path, which should represent a container.
+
+    :param path: The path.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the path.
+    """
+    result = None
+    # calls any path hooks, gets importer into cache
+    pkgutil.get_importer(path)
+    loader = sys.path_importer_cache.get(path)
+    finder = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+    if finder:
+        module = _dummy_module
+        module.__file__ = os.path.join(path, '')
+        module.__loader__ = loader
+        result = finder(module)
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e16292b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from io import BytesIO
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
+from .resources import finder
+from .util import (FileOperator, get_export_entry, convert_path,
+                   get_executable, get_platform, in_venv)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_DEFAULT_MANIFEST = '''
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
+ <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
+ processorArchitecture="X86"
+ name="%s"
+ type="win32"/>
+
+ <!-- Identify the application security requirements. -->
+ <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+ <security>
+ <requestedPrivileges>
+ <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
+ </requestedPrivileges>
+ </security>
+ </trustInfo>
+</assembly>'''.strip()
+
+# check if Python is called on the first line with this expression
+FIRST_LINE_RE = re.compile(b'^#!.*pythonw?[0-9.]*([ \t].*)?$')
+SCRIPT_TEMPLATE = r'''# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from %(module)s import %(import_name)s
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(%(func)s())
+'''
+
+# Pre-fetch the contents of all executable wrapper stubs.
+# This is to address https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12666.
+# When updating pip, we rename the old pip in place before installing the
+# new version. If we try to fetch a wrapper *after* that rename, the finder
+# machinery will be confused as the package is no longer available at the
+# location where it was imported from. So we load everything into memory in
+# advance.
+
+# Issue 31: don't hardcode an absolute package name, but
+# determine it relative to the current package
+distlib_package = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+
+WRAPPERS = {
+    r.name: r.bytes
+    for r in finder(distlib_package).iterator("")
+    if r.name.endswith(".exe")
+}
+
+
+def enquote_executable(executable):
+    if ' ' in executable:
+        # make sure we quote only the executable in case of env
+        # for example /usr/bin/env "/dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # instead of "/usr/bin/env /dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # otherwise whole
+        if executable.startswith('/usr/bin/env '):
+            env, _executable = executable.split(' ', 1)
+            if ' ' in _executable and not _executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '%s "%s"' % (env, _executable)
+        else:
+            if not executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '"%s"' % executable
+    return executable
+
+
+# Keep the old name around (for now), as there is at least one project using it!
+_enquote_executable = enquote_executable
+
+
+class ScriptMaker(object):
+    """
+    A class to copy or create scripts from source scripts or callable
+    specifications.
+    """
+    script_template = SCRIPT_TEMPLATE
+
+    executable = None  # for shebangs
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 source_dir,
+                 target_dir,
+                 add_launchers=True,
+                 dry_run=False,
+                 fileop=None):
+        self.source_dir = source_dir
+        self.target_dir = target_dir
+        self.add_launchers = add_launchers
+        self.force = False
+        self.clobber = False
+        # It only makes sense to set mode bits on POSIX.
+        self.set_mode = (os.name == 'posix') or (os.name == 'java'
+                                                 and os._name == 'posix')
+        self.variants = set(('', 'X.Y'))
+        self._fileop = fileop or FileOperator(dry_run)
+
+        self._is_nt = os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                                          and os._name == 'nt')
+        self.version_info = sys.version_info
+
+    def _get_alternate_executable(self, executable, options):
+        if options.get('gui', False) and self._is_nt:  # pragma: no cover
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(executable)
+            fn = fn.replace('python', 'pythonw')
+            executable = os.path.join(dn, fn)
+        return executable
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+
+        def _is_shell(self, executable):
+            """
+            Determine if the specified executable is a script
+            (contains a #! line)
+            """
+            try:
+                with open(executable) as fp:
+                    return fp.read(2) == '#!'
+            except (OSError, IOError):
+                logger.warning('Failed to open %s', executable)
+                return False
+
+        def _fix_jython_executable(self, executable):
+            if self._is_shell(executable):
+                # Workaround for Jython is not needed on Linux systems.
+                import java
+
+                if java.lang.System.getProperty('os.name') == 'Linux':
+                    return executable
+            elif executable.lower().endswith('jython.exe'):
+                # Use wrapper exe for Jython on Windows
+                return executable
+            return '/usr/bin/env %s' % executable
+
+    def _build_shebang(self, executable, post_interp):
+        """
+        Build a shebang line. In the simple case (on Windows, or a shebang line
+        which is not too long or contains spaces) use a simple formulation for
+        the shebang. Otherwise, use /bin/sh as the executable, with a contrived
+        shebang which allows the script to run either under Python or sh, using
+        suitable quoting. Thanks to Harald Nordgren for his input.
+
+        See also: http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/#length
+                  https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/mach
+        """
+        if os.name != 'posix':
+            simple_shebang = True
+        else:
+            # Add 3 for '#!' prefix and newline suffix.
+            shebang_length = len(executable) + len(post_interp) + 3
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                max_shebang_length = 512
+            else:
+                max_shebang_length = 127
+            simple_shebang = ((b' ' not in executable)
+                              and (shebang_length <= max_shebang_length))
+
+        if simple_shebang:
+            result = b'#!' + executable + post_interp + b'\n'
+        else:
+            result = b'#!/bin/sh\n'
+            result += b"'''exec' " + executable + post_interp + b' "$0" "$@"\n'
+            result += b"' '''"
+        return result
+
+    def _get_shebang(self, encoding, post_interp=b'', options=None):
+        enquote = True
+        if self.executable:
+            executable = self.executable
+            enquote = False  # assume this will be taken care of
+        elif not sysconfig.is_python_build():
+            executable = get_executable()
+        elif in_venv():  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = os.path.join(
+                sysconfig.get_path('scripts'),
+                'python%s' % sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE'))
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if os.name == 'nt':
+                # for Python builds from source on Windows, no Python executables with
+                # a version suffix are created, so we use python.exe
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+            else:
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('VERSION'),
+                                    sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+        if options:
+            executable = self._get_alternate_executable(executable, options)
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = self._fix_jython_executable(executable)
+
+        # Normalise case for Windows - COMMENTED OUT
+        # executable = os.path.normcase(executable)
+        # N.B. The normalising operation above has been commented out: See
+        # issue #124. Although paths in Windows are generally case-insensitive,
+        # they aren't always. For example, a path containing a ẞ (which is a
+        # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S - U+1E9E) is normcased to ß (which is a
+        # LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S' - U+00DF). The two are not considered by
+        # Windows as equivalent in path names.
+
+        # If the user didn't specify an executable, it may be necessary to
+        # cater for executable paths with spaces (not uncommon on Windows)
+        if enquote:
+            executable = enquote_executable(executable)
+        # Issue #51: don't use fsencode, since we later try to
+        # check that the shebang is decodable using utf-8.
+        executable = executable.encode('utf-8')
+        # in case of IronPython, play safe and enable frames support
+        if (sys.platform == 'cli' and '-X:Frames' not in post_interp
+                and '-X:FullFrames' not in post_interp):  # pragma: no cover
+            post_interp += b' -X:Frames'
+        shebang = self._build_shebang(executable, post_interp)
+        # Python parser starts to read a script using UTF-8 until
+        # it gets a #coding:xxx cookie. The shebang has to be the
+        # first line of a file, the #coding:xxx cookie cannot be
+        # written before. So the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # UTF-8.
+        try:
+            shebang.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable from utf-8' %
+                             shebang)
+        # If the script is encoded to a custom encoding (use a
+        # #coding:xxx cookie), the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # the script encoding too.
+        if encoding != 'utf-8':
+            try:
+                shebang.decode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable '
+                                 'from the script encoding (%r)' %
+                                 (shebang, encoding))
+        return shebang
+
+    def _get_script_text(self, entry):
+        return self.script_template % dict(
+            module=entry.prefix,
+            import_name=entry.suffix.split('.')[0],
+            func=entry.suffix)
+
+    manifest = _DEFAULT_MANIFEST
+
+    def get_manifest(self, exename):
+        base = os.path.basename(exename)
+        return self.manifest % base
+
+    def _write_script(self, names, shebang, script_bytes, filenames, ext):
+        use_launcher = self.add_launchers and self._is_nt
+        linesep = os.linesep.encode('utf-8')
+        if not shebang.endswith(linesep):
+            shebang += linesep
+        if not use_launcher:
+            script_bytes = shebang + script_bytes
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if ext == 'py':
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('t')
+            else:
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('w')
+            stream = BytesIO()
+            with ZipFile(stream, 'w') as zf:
+                source_date_epoch = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH')
+                if source_date_epoch:
+                    date_time = time.gmtime(int(source_date_epoch))[:6]
+                    zinfo = ZipInfo(filename='__main__.py',
+                                    date_time=date_time)
+                    zf.writestr(zinfo, script_bytes)
+                else:
+                    zf.writestr('__main__.py', script_bytes)
+            zip_data = stream.getvalue()
+            script_bytes = launcher + shebang + zip_data
+        for name in names:
+            outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, name)
+            if use_launcher:  # pragma: no cover
+                n, e = os.path.splitext(outname)
+                if e.startswith('.py'):
+                    outname = n
+                outname = '%s.exe' % outname
+                try:
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                except Exception:
+                    # Failed writing an executable - it might be in use.
+                    logger.warning('Failed to write executable - trying to '
+                                   'use .deleteme logic')
+                    dfname = '%s.deleteme' % outname
+                    if os.path.exists(dfname):
+                        os.remove(dfname)  # Not allowed to fail here
+                    os.rename(outname, dfname)  # nor here
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                    logger.debug('Able to replace executable using '
+                                 '.deleteme logic')
+                    try:
+                        os.remove(dfname)
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass  # still in use - ignore error
+            else:
+                if self._is_nt and not outname.endswith(
+                        '.' + ext):  # pragma: no cover
+                    outname = '%s.%s' % (outname, ext)
+                if os.path.exists(outname) and not self.clobber:
+                    logger.warning('Skipping existing file %s', outname)
+                    continue
+                self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                if self.set_mode:
+                    self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+
+    variant_separator = '-'
+
+    def get_script_filenames(self, name):
+        result = set()
+        if '' in self.variants:
+            result.add(name)
+        if 'X' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s' % (name, self.version_info[0]))
+        if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s%s.%s' %
+                       (name, self.variant_separator, self.version_info[0],
+                        self.version_info[1]))
+        return result
+
+    def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
+        post_interp = b''
+        if options:
+            args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
+            if args:
+                args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
+                post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
+        shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
+        script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
+        scriptnames = self.get_script_filenames(entry.name)
+        if options and options.get('gui', False):
+            ext = 'pyw'
+        else:
+            ext = 'py'
+        self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
+
+    def _copy_script(self, script, filenames):
+        adjust = False
+        script = os.path.join(self.source_dir, convert_path(script))
+        outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, os.path.basename(script))
+        if not self.force and not self._fileop.newer(script, outname):
+            logger.debug('not copying %s (up-to-date)', script)
+            return
+
+        # Always open the file, but ignore failures in dry-run mode --
+        # that way, we'll get accurate feedback if we can read the
+        # script.
+        try:
+            f = open(script, 'rb')
+        except IOError:  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                raise
+            f = None
+        else:
+            first_line = f.readline()
+            if not first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('%s is an empty file (skipping)', script)
+                return
+
+            match = FIRST_LINE_RE.match(first_line.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n'))
+            if match:
+                adjust = True
+                post_interp = match.group(1) or b''
+
+        if not adjust:
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+            self._fileop.copy_file(script, outname)
+            if self.set_mode:
+                self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+        else:
+            logger.info('copying and adjusting %s -> %s', script,
+                        self.target_dir)
+            if not self._fileop.dry_run:
+                encoding, lines = detect_encoding(f.readline)
+                f.seek(0)
+                shebang = self._get_shebang(encoding, post_interp)
+                if b'pythonw' in first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    ext = 'pyw'
+                else:
+                    ext = 'py'
+                n = os.path.basename(outname)
+                self._write_script([n], shebang, f.read(), filenames, ext)
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+
+    @property
+    def dry_run(self):
+        return self._fileop.dry_run
+
+    @dry_run.setter
+    def dry_run(self, value):
+        self._fileop.dry_run = value
+
+    if os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                           and os._name == 'nt'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # Executable launcher support.
+        # Launchers are from https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/simple_launcher/
+
+        def _get_launcher(self, kind):
+            if struct.calcsize('P') == 8:  # 64-bit
+                bits = '64'
+            else:
+                bits = '32'
+            platform_suffix = '-arm' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else ''
+            name = '%s%s%s.exe' % (kind, bits, platform_suffix)
+            if name not in WRAPPERS:
+                msg = ('Unable to find resource %s in package %s' %
+                       (name, distlib_package))
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return WRAPPERS[name]
+
+    # Public API follows
+
+    def make(self, specification, options=None):
+        """
+        Make a script.
+
+        :param specification: The specification, which is either a valid export
+                              entry specification (to make a script from a
+                              callable) or a filename (to make a script by
+                              copying from a source location).
+        :param options: A dictionary of options controlling script generation.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to.
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+        if entry is None:
+            self._copy_script(specification, filenames)
+        else:
+            self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
+        return filenames
+
+    def make_multiple(self, specifications, options=None):
+        """
+        Take a list of specifications and make scripts from them,
+        :param specifications: A list of specifications.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to,
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        for specification in specifications:
+            filenames.extend(self.make(specification, options))
+        return filenames
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t32.exe b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/t32.exe
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba58858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2025 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import codecs
+from collections import deque
+import contextlib
+import csv
+from glob import iglob as std_iglob
+import io
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import py_compile
+import re
+import socket
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import time
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (string_types, text_type, shutil, raw_input, StringIO,
+                     cache_from_source, urlopen, urljoin, httplib, xmlrpclib,
+                     HTTPHandler, BaseConfigurator, valid_ident,
+                     Container, configparser, URLError, ZipFile, fsdecode,
+                     unquote, urlparse)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+#
+# Requirement parsing code as per PEP 508
+#
+
+IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.-]+)\s*')
+VERSION_IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.*+-]+)\s*')
+COMPARE_OP = re.compile(r'^(<=?|>=?|={2,3}|[~!]=)\s*')
+MARKER_OP = re.compile(r'^((<=?)|(>=?)|={2,3}|[~!]=|in|not\s+in)\s*')
+OR = re.compile(r'^or\b\s*')
+AND = re.compile(r'^and\b\s*')
+NON_SPACE = re.compile(r'(\S+)\s*')
+STRING_CHUNK = re.compile(r'([\s\w\.{}()*+#:;,/?!~`@$%^&=|<>\[\]-]+)')
+
+
+def parse_marker(marker_string):
+    """
+    Parse a marker string and return a dictionary containing a marker expression.
+
+    The dictionary will contain keys "op", "lhs" and "rhs" for non-terminals in
+    the expression grammar, or strings. A string contained in quotes is to be
+    interpreted as a literal string, and a string not contained in quotes is a
+    variable (such as os_name).
+    """
+
+    def marker_var(remaining):
+        # either identifier, or literal string
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+        if m:
+            result = m.groups()[0]
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+        elif not remaining:
+            raise SyntaxError('unexpected end of input')
+        else:
+            q = remaining[0]
+            if q not in '\'"':
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid expression: %s' % remaining)
+            oq = '\'"'.replace(q, '')
+            remaining = remaining[1:]
+            parts = [q]
+            while remaining:
+                # either a string chunk, or oq, or q to terminate
+                if remaining[0] == q:
+                    break
+                elif remaining[0] == oq:
+                    parts.append(oq)
+                    remaining = remaining[1:]
+                else:
+                    m = STRING_CHUNK.match(remaining)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('error in string literal: %s' %
+                                          remaining)
+                    parts.append(m.groups()[0])
+                    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            else:
+                s = ''.join(parts)
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated string: %s' % s)
+            parts.append(q)
+            result = ''.join(parts)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()  # skip past closing quote
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_expr(remaining):
+        if remaining and remaining[0] == '(':
+            result, remaining = marker(remaining[1:].lstrip())
+            if remaining[0] != ')':
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' % remaining)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+        else:
+            lhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+            while remaining:
+                m = MARKER_OP.match(remaining)
+                if not m:
+                    break
+                op = m.groups()[0]
+                remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+                rhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+                lhs = {'op': op, 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+            result = lhs
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_and(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = AND.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'and', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    def marker(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = OR.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'or', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    return marker(marker_string)
+
+
+def parse_requirement(req):
+    """
+    Parse a requirement passed in as a string. Return a Container
+    whose attributes contain the various parts of the requirement.
+    """
+    remaining = req.strip()
+    if not remaining or remaining.startswith('#'):
+        return None
+    m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+    if not m:
+        raise SyntaxError('name expected: %s' % remaining)
+    distname = m.groups()[0]
+    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+    extras = mark_expr = versions = uri = None
+    if remaining and remaining[0] == '[':
+        i = remaining.find(']', 1)
+        if i < 0:
+            raise SyntaxError('unterminated extra: %s' % remaining)
+        s = remaining[1:i]
+        remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+        extras = []
+        while s:
+            m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('malformed extra: %s' % s)
+            extras.append(m.groups()[0])
+            s = s[m.end():]
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if s[0] != ',':
+                raise SyntaxError('comma expected in extras: %s' % s)
+            s = s[1:].lstrip()
+        if not extras:
+            extras = None
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] == '@':
+            # it's a URI
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+            m = NON_SPACE.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid URI: %s' % remaining)
+            uri = m.groups()[0]
+            t = urlparse(uri)
+            # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+            # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+            # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+            # exceptions for malformed URLs
+            if not (t.scheme and t.netloc):
+                raise SyntaxError('Invalid URL: %s' % uri)
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():].lstrip()
+        else:
+
+            def get_versions(ver_remaining):
+                """
+                Return a list of operator, version tuples if any are
+                specified, else None.
+                """
+                m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                versions = None
+                if m:
+                    versions = []
+                    while True:
+                        op = m.groups()[0]
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid version: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                        v = m.groups()[0]
+                        versions.append((op, v))
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        if not ver_remaining or ver_remaining[0] != ',':
+                            break
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[1:].lstrip()
+                        # Some packages have a trailing comma which would break things
+                        # See issue #148
+                        if not ver_remaining:
+                            break
+                        m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                    if not versions:
+                        versions = None
+                return versions, ver_remaining
+
+            if remaining[0] != '(':
+                versions, remaining = get_versions(remaining)
+            else:
+                i = remaining.find(')', 1)
+                if i < 0:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' %
+                                      remaining)
+                s = remaining[1:i]
+                remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+                # As a special diversion from PEP 508, allow a version number
+                # a.b.c in parentheses as a synonym for ~= a.b.c (because this
+                # is allowed in earlier PEPs)
+                if COMPARE_OP.match(s):
+                    versions, _ = get_versions(s)
+                else:
+                    m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    v = m.groups()[0]
+                    s = s[m.end():].lstrip()
+                    if s:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    versions = [('~=', v)]
+
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] != ';':
+            raise SyntaxError('invalid requirement: %s' % remaining)
+        remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+
+        mark_expr, remaining = parse_marker(remaining)
+
+    if remaining and remaining[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data: %s' % remaining)
+
+    if not versions:
+        rs = distname
+    else:
+        rs = '%s %s' % (distname, ', '.join(
+            ['%s %s' % con for con in versions]))
+    return Container(name=distname,
+                     extras=extras,
+                     constraints=versions,
+                     marker=mark_expr,
+                     url=uri,
+                     requirement=rs)
+
+
+def get_resources_dests(resources_root, rules):
+    """Find destinations for resources files"""
+
+    def get_rel_path(root, path):
+        # normalizes and returns a lstripped-/-separated path
+        root = root.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        path = path.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        assert path.startswith(root)
+        return path[len(root):].lstrip('/')
+
+    destinations = {}
+    for base, suffix, dest in rules:
+        prefix = os.path.join(resources_root, base)
+        for abs_base in iglob(prefix):
+            abs_glob = os.path.join(abs_base, suffix)
+            for abs_path in iglob(abs_glob):
+                resource_file = get_rel_path(resources_root, abs_path)
+                if dest is None:  # remove the entry if it was here
+                    destinations.pop(resource_file, None)
+                else:
+                    rel_path = get_rel_path(abs_base, abs_path)
+                    rel_dest = dest.replace(os.path.sep, '/').rstrip('/')
+                    destinations[resource_file] = rel_dest + '/' + rel_path
+    return destinations
+
+
+def in_venv():
+    if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'):
+        # virtualenv venvs
+        result = True
+    else:
+        # PEP 405 venvs
+        result = sys.prefix != getattr(sys, 'base_prefix', sys.prefix)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_executable():
+    # The __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ dance is apparently no longer needed, as
+    # changes to the stub launcher mean that sys.executable always points
+    # to the stub on OS X
+    #    if sys.platform == 'darwin' and ('__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__'
+    #                                     in os.environ):
+    #        result =  os.environ['__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__']
+    #    else:
+    #        result = sys.executable
+    #    return result
+    # Avoid normcasing: see issue #143
+    # result = os.path.normcase(sys.executable)
+    result = sys.executable
+    if not isinstance(result, text_type):
+        result = fsdecode(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def proceed(prompt, allowed_chars, error_prompt=None, default=None):
+    p = prompt
+    while True:
+        s = raw_input(p)
+        p = prompt
+        if not s and default:
+            s = default
+        if s:
+            c = s[0].lower()
+            if c in allowed_chars:
+                break
+            if error_prompt:
+                p = '%c: %s\n%s' % (c, error_prompt, prompt)
+    return c
+
+
+def extract_by_key(d, keys):
+    if isinstance(keys, string_types):
+        keys = keys.split()
+    result = {}
+    for key in keys:
+        if key in d:
+            result[key] = d[key]
+    return result
+
+
+def read_exports(stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+    # Try to load as JSON, falling back on legacy format
+    data = stream.read()
+    stream = StringIO(data)
+    try:
+        jdata = json.load(stream)
+        result = jdata['extensions']['python.exports']['exports']
+        for group, entries in result.items():
+            for k, v in entries.items():
+                s = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                entry = get_export_entry(s)
+                assert entry is not None
+                entries[k] = entry
+        return result
+    except Exception:
+        stream.seek(0, 0)
+
+    def read_stream(cp, stream):
+        if hasattr(cp, 'read_file'):
+            cp.read_file(stream)
+        else:
+            cp.readfp(stream)
+
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    try:
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+    except configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError:
+        stream.close()
+        data = textwrap.dedent(data)
+        stream = StringIO(data)
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+
+    result = {}
+    for key in cp.sections():
+        result[key] = entries = {}
+        for name, value in cp.items(key):
+            s = '%s = %s' % (name, value)
+            entry = get_export_entry(s)
+            assert entry is not None
+            # entry.dist = self
+            entries[name] = entry
+    return result
+
+
+def write_exports(exports, stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getwriter('utf-8')(stream)
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    for k, v in exports.items():
+        # TODO check k, v for valid values
+        cp.add_section(k)
+        for entry in v.values():
+            if entry.suffix is None:
+                s = entry.prefix
+            else:
+                s = '%s:%s' % (entry.prefix, entry.suffix)
+            if entry.flags:
+                s = '%s [%s]' % (s, ', '.join(entry.flags))
+            cp.set(k, entry.name, s)
+    cp.write(stream)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def tempdir():
+    td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        yield td
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(td)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(d):
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(d)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def socket_timeout(seconds=15):
+    cto = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    try:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(seconds)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(cto)
+
+
+class cached_property(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, func):
+        self.func = func
+        # for attr in ('__name__', '__module__', '__doc__'):
+        #     setattr(self, attr, getattr(func, attr, None))
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        value = self.func(obj)
+        object.__setattr__(obj, self.func.__name__, value)
+        # obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = value = self.func(obj)
+        return value
+
+
+def convert_path(pathname):
+    """Return 'pathname' as a name that will work on the native filesystem.
+
+    The path is split on '/' and put back together again using the current
+    directory separator.  Needed because filenames in the setup script are
+    always supplied in Unix style, and have to be converted to the local
+    convention before we can actually use them in the filesystem.  Raises
+    ValueError on non-Unix-ish systems if 'pathname' either starts or
+    ends with a slash.
+    """
+    if os.sep == '/':
+        return pathname
+    if not pathname:
+        return pathname
+    if pathname[0] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot be absolute" % pathname)
+    if pathname[-1] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot end with '/'" % pathname)
+
+    paths = pathname.split('/')
+    while os.curdir in paths:
+        paths.remove(os.curdir)
+    if not paths:
+        return os.curdir
+    return os.path.join(*paths)
+
+
+class FileOperator(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, dry_run=False):
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
+        self.ensured = set()
+        self._init_record()
+
+    def _init_record(self):
+        self.record = False
+        self.files_written = set()
+        self.dirs_created = set()
+
+    def record_as_written(self, path):
+        if self.record:
+            self.files_written.add(path)
+
+    def newer(self, source, target):
+        """Tell if the target is newer than the source.
+
+        Returns true if 'source' exists and is more recently modified than
+        'target', or if 'source' exists and 'target' doesn't.
+
+        Returns false if both exist and 'target' is the same age or younger
+        than 'source'. Raise PackagingFileError if 'source' does not exist.
+
+        Note that this test is not very accurate: files created in the same
+        second will have the same "age".
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(source):
+            raise DistlibException("file '%r' does not exist" %
+                                   os.path.abspath(source))
+        if not os.path.exists(target):
+            return True
+
+        return os.stat(source).st_mtime > os.stat(target).st_mtime
+
+    def copy_file(self, infile, outfile, check=True):
+        """Copy a file respecting dry-run and force flags.
+        """
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying %s to %s', infile, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            msg = None
+            if check:
+                if os.path.islink(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a symlink' % outfile
+                elif os.path.exists(outfile) and not os.path.isfile(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a non-regular file' % outfile
+            if msg:
+                raise ValueError(msg + ' which would be overwritten')
+            shutil.copyfile(infile, outfile)
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def copy_stream(self, instream, outfile, encoding=None):
+        assert not os.path.isdir(outfile)
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying stream %s to %s', instream, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if encoding is None:
+                outstream = open(outfile, 'wb')
+            else:
+                outstream = codecs.open(outfile, 'w', encoding=encoding)
+            try:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(instream, outstream)
+            finally:
+                outstream.close()
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def write_binary_file(self, path, data):
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                os.remove(path)
+            with open(path, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        self.record_as_written(path)
+
+    def write_text_file(self, path, data, encoding):
+        self.write_binary_file(path, data.encode(encoding))
+
+    def set_mode(self, bits, mask, files):
+        if os.name == 'posix' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'posix'):
+            # Set the executable bits (owner, group, and world) on
+            # all the files specified.
+            for f in files:
+                if self.dry_run:
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s", f)
+                else:
+                    mode = (os.stat(f).st_mode | bits) & mask
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s to %o", f, mode)
+                    os.chmod(f, mode)
+
+    set_executable_mode = lambda s, f: s.set_mode(0o555, 0o7777, f)
+
+    def ensure_dir(self, path):
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if path not in self.ensured and not os.path.exists(path):
+            self.ensured.add(path)
+            d, f = os.path.split(path)
+            self.ensure_dir(d)
+            logger.info('Creating %s' % path)
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            if self.record:
+                self.dirs_created.add(path)
+
+    def byte_compile(self,
+                     path,
+                     optimize=False,
+                     force=False,
+                     prefix=None,
+                     hashed_invalidation=False):
+        dpath = cache_from_source(path, not optimize)
+        logger.info('Byte-compiling %s to %s', path, dpath)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if force or self.newer(path, dpath):
+                if not prefix:
+                    diagpath = None
+                else:
+                    assert path.startswith(prefix)
+                    diagpath = path[len(prefix):]
+            compile_kwargs = {}
+            if hashed_invalidation and hasattr(py_compile,
+                                               'PycInvalidationMode'):
+                compile_kwargs[
+                    'invalidation_mode'] = py_compile.PycInvalidationMode.CHECKED_HASH
+            py_compile.compile(path, dpath, diagpath, True,
+                               **compile_kwargs)  # raise error
+        self.record_as_written(dpath)
+        return dpath
+
+    def ensure_removed(self, path):
+        if os.path.exists(path):
+            if os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path):
+                logger.debug('Removing directory tree at %s', path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    shutil.rmtree(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.dirs_created:
+                        self.dirs_created.remove(path)
+            else:
+                if os.path.islink(path):
+                    s = 'link'
+                else:
+                    s = 'file'
+                logger.debug('Removing %s %s', s, path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    os.remove(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.files_written:
+                        self.files_written.remove(path)
+
+    def is_writable(self, path):
+        result = False
+        while not result:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                result = os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+                break
+            parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+            if parent == path:
+                break
+            path = parent
+        return result
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """
+        Commit recorded changes, turn off recording, return
+        changes.
+        """
+        assert self.record
+        result = self.files_written, self.dirs_created
+        self._init_record()
+        return result
+
+    def rollback(self):
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            for f in list(self.files_written):
+                if os.path.exists(f):
+                    os.remove(f)
+            # dirs should all be empty now, except perhaps for
+            # __pycache__ subdirs
+            # reverse so that subdirs appear before their parents
+            dirs = sorted(self.dirs_created, reverse=True)
+            for d in dirs:
+                flist = os.listdir(d)
+                if flist:
+                    assert flist == ['__pycache__']
+                    sd = os.path.join(d, flist[0])
+                    os.rmdir(sd)
+                os.rmdir(d)  # should fail if non-empty
+        self._init_record()
+
+
+def resolve(module_name, dotted_path):
+    if module_name in sys.modules:
+        mod = sys.modules[module_name]
+    else:
+        mod = __import__(module_name)
+    if dotted_path is None:
+        result = mod
+    else:
+        parts = dotted_path.split('.')
+        result = getattr(mod, parts.pop(0))
+        for p in parts:
+            result = getattr(result, p)
+    return result
+
+
+class ExportEntry(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, prefix, suffix, flags):
+        self.name = name
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+        self.flags = flags
+
+    @cached_property
+    def value(self):
+        return resolve(self.prefix, self.suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self):  # pragma: no cover
+        return '<ExportEntry %s = %s:%s %s>' % (self.name, self.prefix,
+                                                self.suffix, self.flags)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, ExportEntry):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.prefix == other.prefix
+                      and self.suffix == other.suffix
+                      and self.flags == other.flags)
+        return result
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+ENTRY_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''(?P<name>([^\[]\S*))
+                      \s*=\s*(?P<callable>(\w+)([:\.]\w+)*)
+                      \s*(\[\s*(?P<flags>[\w-]+(=\w+)?(,\s*\w+(=\w+)?)*)\s*\])?
+                      ''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_export_entry(specification):
+    m = ENTRY_RE.search(specification)
+    if not m:
+        result = None
+        if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+            raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                   "'%s'" % specification)
+    else:
+        d = m.groupdict()
+        name = d['name']
+        path = d['callable']
+        colons = path.count(':')
+        if colons == 0:
+            prefix, suffix = path, None
+        else:
+            if colons != 1:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            prefix, suffix = path.split(':')
+        flags = d['flags']
+        if flags is None:
+            if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            flags = []
+        else:
+            flags = [f.strip() for f in flags.split(',')]
+        result = ExportEntry(name, prefix, suffix, flags)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_cache_base(suffix=None):
+    """
+    Return the default base location for distlib caches. If the directory does
+    not exist, it is created. Use the suffix provided for the base directory,
+    and default to '.distlib' if it isn't provided.
+
+    On Windows, if LOCALAPPDATA is defined in the environment, then it is
+    assumed to be a directory, and will be the parent directory of the result.
+    On POSIX, and on Windows if LOCALAPPDATA is not defined, the user's home
+    directory - using os.expanduser('~') - will be the parent directory of
+    the result.
+
+    The result is just the directory '.distlib' in the parent directory as
+    determined above, or with the name specified with ``suffix``.
+    """
+    if suffix is None:
+        suffix = '.distlib'
+    if os.name == 'nt' and 'LOCALAPPDATA' in os.environ:
+        result = os.path.expandvars('$localappdata')
+    else:
+        # Assume posix, or old Windows
+        result = os.path.expanduser('~')
+    # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+    # fail if there's a file with that name
+    if os.path.isdir(result):
+        usable = os.access(result, os.W_OK)
+        if not usable:
+            logger.warning('Directory exists but is not writable: %s', result)
+    else:
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(result)
+            usable = True
+        except OSError:
+            logger.warning('Unable to create %s', result, exc_info=True)
+            usable = False
+    if not usable:
+        result = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        logger.warning('Default location unusable, using %s', result)
+    return os.path.join(result, suffix)
+
+
+def path_to_cache_dir(path):
+    """
+    Convert an absolute path to a directory name for use in a cache.
+
+    The algorithm used is:
+
+    #. On Windows, any ``':'`` in the drive is replaced with ``'---'``.
+    #. Any occurrence of ``os.sep`` is replaced with ``'--'``.
+    #. ``'.cache'`` is appended.
+    """
+    d, p = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if d:
+        d = d.replace(':', '---')
+    p = p.replace(os.sep, '--')
+    return d + p + '.cache'
+
+
+def ensure_slash(s):
+    if not s.endswith('/'):
+        return s + '/'
+    return s
+
+
+def parse_credentials(netloc):
+    username = password = None
+    if '@' in netloc:
+        prefix, netloc = netloc.rsplit('@', 1)
+        if ':' not in prefix:
+            username = prefix
+        else:
+            username, password = prefix.split(':', 1)
+    if username:
+        username = unquote(username)
+    if password:
+        password = unquote(password)
+    return username, password, netloc
+
+
+def get_process_umask():
+    result = os.umask(0o22)
+    os.umask(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def is_string_sequence(seq):
+    result = True
+    i = None
+    for i, s in enumerate(seq):
+        if not isinstance(s, string_types):
+            result = False
+            break
+    assert i is not None
+    return result
+
+
+PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION = re.compile(
+    '([a-z0-9_]+([.-][a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)*)-'
+    '([a-z0-9_.+-]+)', re.I)
+PYTHON_VERSION = re.compile(r'-py(\d\.?\d?)')
+
+
+def split_filename(filename, project_name=None):
+    """
+    Extract name, version, python version from a filename (no extension)
+
+    Return name, version, pyver or None
+    """
+    result = None
+    pyver = None
+    filename = unquote(filename).replace(' ', '-')
+    m = PYTHON_VERSION.search(filename)
+    if m:
+        pyver = m.group(1)
+        filename = filename[:m.start()]
+    if project_name and len(filename) > len(project_name) + 1:
+        m = re.match(re.escape(project_name) + r'\b', filename)
+        if m:
+            n = m.end()
+            result = filename[:n], filename[n + 1:], pyver
+    if result is None:
+        m = PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION.match(filename)
+        if m:
+            result = m.group(1), m.group(3), pyver
+    return result
+
+
+# Allow spaces in name because of legacy dists like "Twisted Core"
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'(?P<name>[\w .-]+)\s*'
+                             r'\(\s*(?P<ver>[^\s)]+)\)$')
+
+
+def parse_name_and_version(p):
+    """
+    A utility method used to get name and version from a string.
+
+    From e.g. a Provides-Dist value.
+
+    :param p: A value in a form 'foo (1.0)'
+    :return: The name and version as a tuple.
+    """
+    m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(p)
+    if not m:
+        raise DistlibException('Ill-formed name/version string: \'%s\'' % p)
+    d = m.groupdict()
+    return d['name'].strip().lower(), d['ver']
+
+
+def get_extras(requested, available):
+    result = set()
+    requested = set(requested or [])
+    available = set(available or [])
+    if '*' in requested:
+        requested.remove('*')
+        result |= available
+    for r in requested:
+        if r == '-':
+            result.add(r)
+        elif r.startswith('-'):
+            unwanted = r[1:]
+            if unwanted not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % unwanted)
+            if unwanted in result:
+                result.remove(unwanted)
+        else:
+            if r not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % r)
+            result.add(r)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Extended metadata functionality
+#
+
+
+def _get_external_data(url):
+    result = {}
+    try:
+        # urlopen might fail if it runs into redirections,
+        # because of Python issue #13696. Fixed in locators
+        # using a custom redirect handler.
+        resp = urlopen(url)
+        headers = resp.info()
+        ct = headers.get('Content-Type')
+        if not ct.startswith('application/json'):
+            logger.debug('Unexpected response for JSON request: %s', ct)
+        else:
+            reader = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(resp)
+            # data = reader.read().decode('utf-8')
+            # result = json.loads(data)
+            result = json.load(reader)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception('Failed to get external data for %s: %s', url, e)
+    return result
+
+
+_external_data_base_url = 'https://www.red-dove.com/pypi/projects/'
+
+
+def get_project_data(name):
+    url = '%s/%s/project.json' % (name[0].upper(), name)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    result = _get_external_data(url)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_package_data(name, version):
+    url = '%s/%s/package-%s.json' % (name[0].upper(), name, version)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    return _get_external_data(url)
+
+
+class Cache(object):
+    """
+    A class implementing a cache for resources that need to live in the file system
+    e.g. shared libraries. This class was moved from resources to here because it
+    could be used by other modules, e.g. the wheel module.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory where the cache should be located.
+        """
+        # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+        # fail if there's a file with that name
+        if not os.path.isdir(base):  # pragma: no cover
+            os.makedirs(base)
+        if (os.stat(base).st_mode & 0o77) != 0:
+            logger.warning('Directory \'%s\' is not private', base)
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base))
+
+    def prefix_to_dir(self, prefix):
+        """
+        Converts a resource prefix to a directory name in the cache.
+        """
+        return path_to_cache_dir(prefix)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache.
+        """
+        not_removed = []
+        for fn in os.listdir(self.base):
+            fn = os.path.join(self.base, fn)
+            try:
+                if os.path.islink(fn) or os.path.isfile(fn):
+                    os.remove(fn)
+                elif os.path.isdir(fn):
+                    shutil.rmtree(fn)
+            except Exception:
+                not_removed.append(fn)
+        return not_removed
+
+
+class EventMixin(object):
+    """
+    A very simple publish/subscribe system.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._subscribers = {}
+
+    def add(self, event, subscriber, append=True):
+        """
+        Add a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be added (and called when the
+                           event is published).
+        :param append: Whether to append or prepend the subscriber to an
+                       existing subscriber list for the event.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            subs[event] = deque([subscriber])
+        else:
+            sq = subs[event]
+            if append:
+                sq.append(subscriber)
+            else:
+                sq.appendleft(subscriber)
+
+    def remove(self, event, subscriber):
+        """
+        Remove a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be removed.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            raise ValueError('No subscribers: %r' % event)
+        subs[event].remove(subscriber)
+
+    def get_subscribers(self, event):
+        """
+        Return an iterator for the subscribers for an event.
+        :param event: The event to return subscribers for.
+        """
+        return iter(self._subscribers.get(event, ()))
+
+    def publish(self, event, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Publish a event and return a list of values returned by its
+        subscribers.
+
+        :param event: The event to publish.
+        :param args: The positional arguments to pass to the event's
+                     subscribers.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments to pass to the event's
+                       subscribers.
+        """
+        result = []
+        for subscriber in self.get_subscribers(event):
+            try:
+                value = subscriber(event, *args, **kwargs)
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception('Exception during event publication')
+                value = None
+            result.append(value)
+        logger.debug('publish %s: args = %s, kwargs = %s, result = %s', event,
+                     args, kwargs, result)
+        return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple sequencing
+#
+class Sequencer(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._preds = {}
+        self._succs = {}
+        self._nodes = set()  # nodes with no preds/succs
+
+    def add_node(self, node):
+        self._nodes.add(node)
+
+    def remove_node(self, node, edges=False):
+        if node in self._nodes:
+            self._nodes.remove(node)
+        if edges:
+            for p in set(self._preds.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(p, node)
+            for s in set(self._succs.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(node, s)
+            # Remove empties
+            for k, v in list(self._preds.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._preds[k]
+            for k, v in list(self._succs.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._succs[k]
+
+    def add(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        self._preds.setdefault(succ, set()).add(pred)
+        self._succs.setdefault(pred, set()).add(succ)
+
+    def remove(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        try:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            succs = self._succs[pred]
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of anything' % succ)
+        try:
+            preds.remove(pred)
+            succs.remove(succ)
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of %r' % (succ, pred))
+
+    def is_step(self, step):
+        return (step in self._preds or step in self._succs
+                or step in self._nodes)
+
+    def get_steps(self, final):
+        if not self.is_step(final):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown: %r' % final)
+        result = []
+        todo = []
+        seen = set()
+        todo.append(final)
+        while todo:
+            step = todo.pop(0)
+            if step in seen:
+                # if a step was already seen,
+                # move it to the end (so it will appear earlier
+                # when reversed on return) ... but not for the
+                # final step, as that would be confusing for
+                # users
+                if step != final:
+                    result.remove(step)
+                    result.append(step)
+            else:
+                seen.add(step)
+                result.append(step)
+                preds = self._preds.get(step, ())
+                todo.extend(preds)
+        return reversed(result)
+
+    @property
+    def strong_connections(self):
+        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
+        index_counter = [0]
+        stack = []
+        lowlinks = {}
+        index = {}
+        result = []
+
+        graph = self._succs
+
+        def strongconnect(node):
+            # set the depth index for this node to the smallest unused index
+            index[node] = index_counter[0]
+            lowlinks[node] = index_counter[0]
+            index_counter[0] += 1
+            stack.append(node)
+
+            # Consider successors
+            try:
+                successors = graph[node]
+            except Exception:
+                successors = []
+            for successor in successors:
+                if successor not in lowlinks:
+                    # Successor has not yet been visited
+                    strongconnect(successor)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], lowlinks[successor])
+                elif successor in stack:
+                    # the successor is in the stack and hence in the current
+                    # strongly connected component (SCC)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], index[successor])
+
+            # If `node` is a root node, pop the stack and generate an SCC
+            if lowlinks[node] == index[node]:
+                connected_component = []
+
+                while True:
+                    successor = stack.pop()
+                    connected_component.append(successor)
+                    if successor == node:
+                        break
+                component = tuple(connected_component)
+                # storing the result
+                result.append(component)
+
+        for node in graph:
+            if node not in lowlinks:
+                strongconnect(node)
+
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dot(self):
+        result = ['digraph G {']
+        for succ in self._preds:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            for pred in preds:
+                result.append('  %s -> %s;' % (pred, succ))
+        for node in self._nodes:
+            result.append('  %s;' % node)
+        result.append('}')
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+
+#
+# Unarchiving functionality for zip, tar, tgz, tbz, whl
+#
+
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz',
+                      '.whl')
+
+
+def unarchive(archive_filename, dest_dir, format=None, check=True):
+
+    def check_path(path):
+        if not isinstance(path, text_type):
+            path = path.decode('utf-8')
+        p = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dest_dir, path))
+        if not p.startswith(dest_dir) or p[plen] != os.sep:
+            raise ValueError('path outside destination: %r' % p)
+
+    dest_dir = os.path.abspath(dest_dir)
+    plen = len(dest_dir)
+    archive = None
+    if format is None:
+        if archive_filename.endswith(('.zip', '.whl')):
+            format = 'zip'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.gz', '.tgz')):
+            format = 'tgz'
+            mode = 'r:gz'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.bz2', '.tbz')):
+            format = 'tbz'
+            mode = 'r:bz2'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith('.tar'):
+            format = 'tar'
+            mode = 'r'
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('Unknown format for %r' % archive_filename)
+    try:
+        if format == 'zip':
+            archive = ZipFile(archive_filename, 'r')
+            if check:
+                names = archive.namelist()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        else:
+            archive = tarfile.open(archive_filename, mode)
+            if check:
+                names = archive.getnames()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        if format != 'zip' and sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            # See Python issue 17153. If the dest path contains Unicode,
+            # tarfile extraction fails on Python 2.x if a member path name
+            # contains non-ASCII characters - it leads to an implicit
+            # bytes -> unicode conversion using ASCII to decode.
+            for tarinfo in archive.getmembers():
+                if not isinstance(tarinfo.name, text_type):
+                    tarinfo.name = tarinfo.name.decode('utf-8')
+
+        # Limit extraction of dangerous items, if this Python
+        # allows it easily. If not, just trust the input.
+        # See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#extraction-filters
+        def extraction_filter(member, path):
+            """Run tarfile.tar_filter, but raise the expected ValueError"""
+            # This is only called if the current Python has tarfile filters
+            try:
+                return tarfile.tar_filter(member, path)
+            except tarfile.FilterError as exc:
+                raise ValueError(str(exc))
+
+        archive.extraction_filter = extraction_filter
+
+        archive.extractall(dest_dir)
+
+    finally:
+        if archive:
+            archive.close()
+
+
+def zip_dir(directory):
+    """zip a directory tree into a BytesIO object"""
+    result = io.BytesIO()
+    dlen = len(directory)
+    with ZipFile(result, "w") as zf:
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+            for name in files:
+                full = os.path.join(root, name)
+                rel = root[dlen:]
+                dest = os.path.join(rel, name)
+                zf.write(full, dest)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple progress bar
+#
+
+UNITS = ('', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P')
+
+
+class Progress(object):
+    unknown = 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def __init__(self, minval=0, maxval=100):
+        assert maxval is None or maxval >= minval
+        self.min = self.cur = minval
+        self.max = maxval
+        self.started = None
+        self.elapsed = 0
+        self.done = False
+
+    def update(self, curval):
+        assert self.min <= curval
+        assert self.max is None or curval <= self.max
+        self.cur = curval
+        now = time.time()
+        if self.started is None:
+            self.started = now
+        else:
+            self.elapsed = now - self.started
+
+    def increment(self, incr):
+        assert incr >= 0
+        self.update(self.cur + incr)
+
+    def start(self):
+        self.update(self.min)
+        return self
+
+    def stop(self):
+        if self.max is not None:
+            self.update(self.max)
+        self.done = True
+
+    @property
+    def maximum(self):
+        return self.unknown if self.max is None else self.max
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self):
+        if self.done:
+            result = '100 %'
+        elif self.max is None:
+            result = ' ?? %'
+        else:
+            v = 100.0 * (self.cur - self.min) / (self.max - self.min)
+            result = '%3d %%' % v
+        return result
+
+    def format_duration(self, duration):
+        if (duration <= 0) and self.max is None or self.cur == self.min:
+            result = '??:??:??'
+        # elif duration < 1:
+        #     result = '--:--:--'
+        else:
+            result = time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(duration))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def ETA(self):
+        if self.done:
+            prefix = 'Done'
+            t = self.elapsed
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        else:
+            prefix = 'ETA '
+            if self.max is None:
+                t = -1
+            elif self.elapsed == 0 or (self.cur == self.min):
+                t = 0
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                t = float(self.max - self.min)
+                t /= self.cur - self.min
+                t = (t - 1) * self.elapsed
+        return '%s: %s' % (prefix, self.format_duration(t))
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self):
+        if self.elapsed == 0:
+            result = 0.0
+        else:
+            result = (self.cur - self.min) / self.elapsed
+        for unit in UNITS:
+            if result < 1000:
+                break
+            result /= 1000.0
+        return '%d %sB/s' % (result, unit)
+
+
+#
+# Glob functionality
+#
+
+RICH_GLOB = re.compile(r'\{([^}]*)\}')
+_CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB = re.compile(r'[^/\\,{]\*\*|\*\*[^/\\,}]')
+_CHECK_MISMATCH_SET = re.compile(r'^[^{]*\}|\{[^}]*$')
+
+
+def iglob(path_glob):
+    """Extended globbing function that supports ** and {opt1,opt2,opt3}."""
+    if _CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: recursive glob "**" must be used alone"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    if _CHECK_MISMATCH_SET.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: mismatching set marker '{' or '}'"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    return _iglob(path_glob)
+
+
+def _iglob(path_glob):
+    rich_path_glob = RICH_GLOB.split(path_glob, 1)
+    if len(rich_path_glob) > 1:
+        assert len(rich_path_glob) == 3, rich_path_glob
+        prefix, set, suffix = rich_path_glob
+        for item in set.split(','):
+            for path in _iglob(''.join((prefix, item, suffix))):
+                yield path
+    else:
+        if '**' not in path_glob:
+            for item in std_iglob(path_glob):
+                yield item
+        else:
+            prefix, radical = path_glob.split('**', 1)
+            if prefix == '':
+                prefix = '.'
+            if radical == '':
+                radical = '*'
+            else:
+                # we support both
+                radical = radical.lstrip('/')
+                radical = radical.lstrip('\\')
+            for path, dir, files in os.walk(prefix):
+                path = os.path.normpath(path)
+                for fn in _iglob(os.path.join(path, radical)):
+                    yield fn
+
+
+if ssl:
+    from .compat import (HTTPSHandler as BaseHTTPSHandler, match_hostname,
+                         CertificateError)
+
+    #
+    # HTTPSConnection which verifies certificates/matches domains
+    #
+
+    class HTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
+        ca_certs = None  # set this to the path to the certs file (.pem)
+        check_domain = True  # only used if ca_certs is not None
+
+        # noinspection PyPropertyAccess
+        def connect(self):
+            sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port),
+                                            self.timeout)
+            if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', False):
+                self.sock = sock
+                self._tunnel()
+
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            if hasattr(ssl, 'OP_NO_SSLv2'):
+                context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+            if getattr(self, 'cert_file', None):
+                context.load_cert_chain(self.cert_file, self.key_file)
+            kwargs = {}
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+                context.load_verify_locations(cafile=self.ca_certs)
+                if getattr(ssl, 'HAS_SNI', False):
+                    kwargs['server_hostname'] = self.host
+
+            self.sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs and self.check_domain:
+                try:
+                    match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
+                    logger.debug('Host verified: %s', self.host)
+                except CertificateError:  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+                    self.sock.close()
+                    raise
+
+    class HTTPSHandler(BaseHTTPSHandler):
+
+        def __init__(self, ca_certs, check_domain=True):
+            BaseHTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
+            self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+            self.check_domain = check_domain
+
+        def _conn_maker(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            This is called to create a connection instance. Normally you'd
+            pass a connection class to do_open, but it doesn't actually check for
+            a class, and just expects a callable. As long as we behave just as a
+            constructor would have, we should be OK. If it ever changes so that
+            we *must* pass a class, we'll create an UnsafeHTTPSConnection class
+            which just sets check_domain to False in the class definition, and
+            choose which one to pass to do_open.
+            """
+            result = HTTPSConnection(*args, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                result.ca_certs = self.ca_certs
+                result.check_domain = self.check_domain
+            return result
+
+        def https_open(self, req):
+            try:
+                return self.do_open(self._conn_maker, req)
+            except URLError as e:
+                if 'certificate verify failed' in str(e.reason):
+                    raise CertificateError(
+                        'Unable to verify server certificate '
+                        'for %s' % req.host)
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    #
+    # To prevent against mixing HTTP traffic with HTTPS (examples: A Man-In-The-
+    # Middle proxy using HTTP listens on port 443, or an index mistakenly serves
+    # HTML containing a http://xyz link when it should be https://xyz),
+    # you can use the following handler class, which does not allow HTTP traffic.
+    #
+    # It works by inheriting from HTTPHandler - so build_opener won't add a
+    # handler for HTTP itself.
+    #
+    class HTTPSOnlyHandler(HTTPSHandler, HTTPHandler):
+
+        def http_open(self, req):
+            raise URLError(
+                'Unexpected HTTP request on what should be a secure '
+                'connection: %s' % req)
+
+
+#
+# XML-RPC with timeouts
+#
+class Transport(xmlrpclib.Transport):
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        xmlrpclib.Transport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+    def make_connection(self, host):
+        h, eh, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
+        if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+            self._extra_headers = eh
+            self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPConnection(h)
+        return self._connection[1]
+
+
+if ssl:
+
+    class SafeTransport(xmlrpclib.SafeTransport):
+
+        def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+            self.timeout = timeout
+            xmlrpclib.SafeTransport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+        def make_connection(self, host):
+            h, eh, kwargs = self.get_host_info(host)
+            if not kwargs:
+                kwargs = {}
+            kwargs['timeout'] = self.timeout
+            if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+                self._extra_headers = eh
+                self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPSConnection(
+                    h, None, **kwargs)
+            return self._connection[1]
+
+
+class ServerProxy(xmlrpclib.ServerProxy):
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, **kwargs):
+        self.timeout = timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', None)
+        # The above classes only come into play if a timeout
+        # is specified
+        if timeout is not None:
+            # scheme = splittype(uri)  # deprecated as of Python 3.8
+            scheme = urlparse(uri)[0]
+            use_datetime = kwargs.get('use_datetime', 0)
+            if scheme == 'https':
+                tcls = SafeTransport
+            else:
+                tcls = Transport
+            kwargs['transport'] = t = tcls(timeout, use_datetime=use_datetime)
+            self.transport = t
+        xmlrpclib.ServerProxy.__init__(self, uri, **kwargs)
+
+
+#
+# CSV functionality. This is provided because on 2.x, the csv module can't
+# handle Unicode. However, we need to deal with Unicode in e.g. RECORD files.
+#
+
+
+def _csv_open(fn, mode, **kwargs):
+    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+        mode += 'b'
+    else:
+        kwargs['newline'] = ''
+        # Python 3 determines encoding from locale. Force 'utf-8'
+        # file encoding to match other forced utf-8 encoding
+        kwargs['encoding'] = 'utf-8'
+    return open(fn, mode, **kwargs)
+
+
+class CSVBase(object):
+    defaults = {
+        'delimiter': str(','),  # The strs are used because we need native
+        'quotechar': str('"'),  # str in the csv API (2.x won't take
+        'lineterminator': str('\n')  # Unicode)
+    }
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        self.stream.close()
+
+
+class CSVReader(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        if 'stream' in kwargs:
+            stream = kwargs['stream']
+            if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+                # needs to be a text stream
+                stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+            self.stream = stream
+        else:
+            self.stream = _csv_open(kwargs['path'], 'r')
+        self.reader = csv.reader(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def next(self):
+        result = next(self.reader)
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            for i, item in enumerate(result):
+                if not isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    result[i] = item.decode('utf-8')
+        return result
+
+    __next__ = next
+
+
+class CSVWriter(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, fn, **kwargs):
+        self.stream = _csv_open(fn, 'w')
+        self.writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def writerow(self, row):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            r = []
+            for item in row:
+                if isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    item = item.encode('utf-8')
+                r.append(item)
+            row = r
+        self.writer.writerow(row)
+
+
+#
+#   Configurator functionality
+#
+
+
+class Configurator(BaseConfigurator):
+
+    value_converters = dict(BaseConfigurator.value_converters)
+    value_converters['inc'] = 'inc_convert'
+
+    def __init__(self, config, base=None):
+        super(Configurator, self).__init__(config)
+        self.base = base or os.getcwd()
+
+    def configure_custom(self, config):
+
+        def convert(o):
+            if isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+                result = type(o)([convert(i) for i in o])
+            elif isinstance(o, dict):
+                if '()' in o:
+                    result = self.configure_custom(o)
+                else:
+                    result = {}
+                    for k in o:
+                        result[k] = convert(o[k])
+            else:
+                result = self.convert(o)
+            return result
+
+        c = config.pop('()')
+        if not callable(c):
+            c = self.resolve(c)
+        props = config.pop('.', None)
+        # Check for valid identifiers
+        args = config.pop('[]', ())
+        if args:
+            args = tuple([convert(o) for o in args])
+        items = [(k, convert(config[k])) for k in config if valid_ident(k)]
+        kwargs = dict(items)
+        result = c(*args, **kwargs)
+        if props:
+            for n, v in props.items():
+                setattr(result, n, convert(v))
+        return result
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        result = self.config[key]
+        if isinstance(result, dict) and '()' in result:
+            self.config[key] = result = self.configure_custom(result)
+        return result
+
+    def inc_convert(self, value):
+        """Default converter for the inc:// protocol."""
+        if not os.path.isabs(value):
+            value = os.path.join(self.base, value)
+        with codecs.open(value, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            result = json.load(f)
+        return result
+
+
+class SubprocessMixin(object):
+    """
+    Mixin for running subprocesses and capturing their output
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, progress=None):
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.progress = progress
+
+    def reader(self, stream, context):
+        """
+        Read lines from a subprocess' output stream and either pass to a progress
+        callable (if specified) or write progress information to sys.stderr.
+        """
+        progress = self.progress
+        verbose = self.verbose
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress(s, context)
+            else:
+                if not verbose:
+                    sys.stderr.write('.')
+                else:
+                    sys.stderr.write(s.decode('utf-8'))
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+        stream.close()
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, **kwargs):
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             **kwargs)
+        t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stdout, 'stdout'))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stderr, 'stderr'))
+        t2.start()
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        if self.progress is not None:
+            self.progress('done.', 'main')
+        elif self.verbose:
+            sys.stderr.write('done.\n')
+        return p
+
+
+def normalize_name(name):
+    """Normalize a python package name a la PEP 503"""
+    # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0503/#normalized-names
+    return re.sub('[-_.]+', '-', name).lower()
+
+
+# def _get_pypirc_command():
+# """
+# Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+# :return: the command.
+# """
+# from distutils.core import Distribution
+# from distutils.config import PyPIRCCommand
+# d = Distribution()
+# return PyPIRCCommand(d)
+
+
+class PyPIRCFile(object):
+
+    DEFAULT_REPOSITORY = 'https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/'
+    DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+    def __init__(self, fn=None, url=None):
+        if fn is None:
+            fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.pypirc')
+        self.filename = fn
+        self.url = url
+
+    def read(self):
+        result = {}
+
+        if os.path.exists(self.filename):
+            repository = self.url or self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+
+            config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+            config.read(self.filename)
+            sections = config.sections()
+            if 'distutils' in sections:
+                # let's get the list of servers
+                index_servers = config.get('distutils', 'index-servers')
+                _servers = [
+                    server.strip() for server in index_servers.split('\n')
+                    if server.strip() != ''
+                ]
+                if _servers == []:
+                    # nothing set, let's try to get the default pypi
+                    if 'pypi' in sections:
+                        _servers = ['pypi']
+                else:
+                    for server in _servers:
+                        result = {'server': server}
+                        result['username'] = config.get(server, 'username')
+
+                        # optional params
+                        for key, default in (('repository',
+                                              self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY),
+                                             ('realm', self.DEFAULT_REALM),
+                                             ('password', None)):
+                            if config.has_option(server, key):
+                                result[key] = config.get(server, key)
+                            else:
+                                result[key] = default
+
+                        # work around people having "repository" for the "pypi"
+                        # section of their config set to the HTTP (rather than
+                        # HTTPS) URL
+                        if (server == 'pypi' and repository
+                                in (self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY, 'pypi')):
+                            result['repository'] = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                        elif (result['server'] != repository
+                              and result['repository'] != repository):
+                            result = {}
+            elif 'server-login' in sections:
+                # old format
+                server = 'server-login'
+                if config.has_option(server, 'repository'):
+                    repository = config.get(server, 'repository')
+                else:
+                    repository = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                result = {
+                    'username': config.get(server, 'username'),
+                    'password': config.get(server, 'password'),
+                    'repository': repository,
+                    'server': server,
+                    'realm': self.DEFAULT_REALM
+                }
+        return result
+
+    def update(self, username, password):
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        fn = self.filename
+        config.read(fn)
+        if not config.has_section('pypi'):
+            config.add_section('pypi')
+        config.set('pypi', 'username', username)
+        config.set('pypi', 'password', password)
+        with open(fn, 'w') as f:
+            config.write(f)
+
+
+def _load_pypirc(index):
+    """
+    Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils.
+    """
+    return PyPIRCFile(url=index.url).read()
+
+
+def _store_pypirc(index):
+    PyPIRCFile().update(index.username, index.password)
+
+
+#
+# get_platform()/get_host_platform() copied from Python 3.10.a0 source, with some minor
+# tweaks
+#
+
+
+def get_host_platform():
+    """Return a string that identifies the current platform.  This is used mainly to
+    distinguish platform-specific build directories and platform-specific built
+    distributions.  Typically includes the OS name and version and the
+    architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'), although the exact information
+    included depends on the OS; eg. on Linux, the kernel version isn't
+    particularly important.
+
+    Examples of returned values:
+       linux-i586
+       linux-alpha (?)
+       solaris-2.6-sun4u
+
+    Windows will return one of:
+       win-amd64 (64bit Windows on AMD64 (aka x86_64, Intel64, EM64T, etc)
+       win32 (all others - specifically, sys.platform is returned)
+
+    For other non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns 'sys.platform'.
+
+    """
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        if 'amd64' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-amd64'
+        if '(arm)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm32'
+        if '(arm64)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm64'
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Set for cross builds explicitly
+    if "_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM" in os.environ:
+        return os.environ["_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM"]
+
+    if os.name != 'posix' or not hasattr(os, 'uname'):
+        # XXX what about the architecture? NT is Intel or Alpha,
+        # Mac OS is M68k or PPC, etc.
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Try to distinguish various flavours of Unix
+
+    (osname, host, release, version, machine) = os.uname()
+
+    # Convert the OS name to lowercase, remove '/' characters, and translate
+    # spaces (for "Power Macintosh")
+    osname = osname.lower().replace('/', '')
+    machine = machine.replace(' ', '_').replace('/', '-')
+
+    if osname[:5] == 'linux':
+        # At least on Linux/Intel, 'machine' is the processor --
+        # i386, etc.
+        # XXX what about Alpha, SPARC, etc?
+        return "%s-%s" % (osname, machine)
+
+    elif osname[:5] == 'sunos':
+        if release[0] >= '5':  # SunOS 5 == Solaris 2
+            osname = 'solaris'
+            release = '%d.%s' % (int(release[0]) - 3, release[2:])
+            # We can't use 'platform.architecture()[0]' because a
+            # bootstrap problem. We use a dict to get an error
+            # if some suspicious happens.
+            bitness = {2147483647: '32bit', 9223372036854775807: '64bit'}
+            machine += '.%s' % bitness[sys.maxsize]
+        # fall through to standard osname-release-machine representation
+    elif osname[:3] == 'aix':
+        from _aix_support import aix_platform
+        return aix_platform()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'cygwin':
+        osname = 'cygwin'
+        rel_re = re.compile(r'[\d.]+', re.ASCII)
+        m = rel_re.match(release)
+        if m:
+            release = m.group()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'darwin':
+        import _osx_support
+        try:
+            from distutils import sysconfig
+        except ImportError:
+            import sysconfig
+        osname, release, machine = _osx_support.get_platform_osx(
+            sysconfig.get_config_vars(), osname, release, machine)
+
+    return '%s-%s-%s' % (osname, release, machine)
+
+
+_TARGET_TO_PLAT = {
+    'x86': 'win32',
+    'x64': 'win-amd64',
+    'arm': 'win-arm32',
+}
+
+
+def get_platform():
+    if os.name != 'nt':
+        return get_host_platform()
+    cross_compilation_target = os.environ.get('VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH')
+    if cross_compilation_target not in _TARGET_TO_PLAT:
+        return get_host_platform()
+    return _TARGET_TO_PLAT[cross_compilation_target]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14171ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Implementation of a flexible versioning scheme providing support for PEP-440,
+setuptools-compatible and semantic versioning.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import parse_requirement
+
+__all__ = ['NormalizedVersion', 'NormalizedMatcher',
+           'LegacyVersion', 'LegacyMatcher',
+           'SemanticVersion', 'SemanticMatcher',
+           'UnsupportedVersionError', 'get_scheme']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UnsupportedVersionError(ValueError):
+    """This is an unsupported version."""
+    pass
+
+
+class Version(object):
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        self._parts = parts = self.parse(s)
+        assert isinstance(parts, tuple)
+        assert len(parts) > 0
+
+    def parse(self, s):
+        raise NotImplementedError('please implement in a subclass')
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %r and %r' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts < other._parts
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return not (self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self.__gt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s('%s')" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in subclasses.')
+
+
+class Matcher(object):
+    version_class = None
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '<': lambda v, c, p: v < c,
+        '>': lambda v, c, p: v > c,
+        '<=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v < c,
+        '>=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '==': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        '===': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        # by default, compatible => >=.
+        '~=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '!=': lambda v, c, p: v != c,
+    }
+
+    # this is a method only to support alternative implementations
+    # via overriding
+    def parse_requirement(self, s):
+        return parse_requirement(s)
+
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        if self.version_class is None:
+            raise ValueError('Please specify a version class')
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        r = self.parse_requirement(s)
+        if not r:
+            raise ValueError('Not valid: %r' % s)
+        self.name = r.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()    # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        clist = []
+        if r.constraints:
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+            for op, s in r.constraints:
+                if s.endswith('.*'):
+                    if op not in ('==', '!='):
+                        raise ValueError('\'.*\' not allowed for '
+                                         '%r constraints' % op)
+                    # Could be a partial version (e.g. for '2.*') which
+                    # won't parse as a version, so keep it as a string
+                    vn, prefix = s[:-2], True
+                    # Just to check that vn is a valid version
+                    self.version_class(vn)
+                else:
+                    # Should parse as a version, so we can create an
+                    # instance for the comparison
+                    vn, prefix = self.version_class(s), False
+                clist.append((op, vn, prefix))
+        self._parts = tuple(clist)
+
+    def match(self, version):
+        """
+        Check if the provided version matches the constraints.
+
+        :param version: The version to match against this instance.
+        :type version: String or :class:`Version` instance.
+        """
+        if isinstance(version, string_types):
+            version = self.version_class(version)
+        for operator, constraint, prefix in self._parts:
+            f = self._operators.get(operator)
+            if isinstance(f, string_types):
+                f = getattr(self, f)
+            if not f:
+                msg = ('%r not implemented '
+                       'for %s' % (operator, self.__class__.__name__))
+                raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+            if not f(version, constraint, prefix):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def exact_version(self):
+        result = None
+        if len(self._parts) == 1 and self._parts[0][0] in ('==', '==='):
+            result = self._parts[0][1]
+        return result
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other) or self.name != other.name:
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %s and %s' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self.key == other.key and self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.key) + hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+
+PEP440_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'^v?(\d+!)?(\d+(\.\d+)*)((a|alpha|b|beta|c|rc|pre|preview)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\.(post|r|rev)(\d+)?)?([._-]?(dev)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\+([a-zA-Z\d]+(\.[a-zA-Z\d]+)?))?$', re.I)
+
+
+def _pep_440_key(s):
+    s = s.strip()
+    m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError('Not a valid version: %s' % s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    nums = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+    while len(nums) > 1 and nums[-1] == 0:
+        nums = nums[:-1]
+
+    if not groups[0]:
+        epoch = 0
+    else:
+        epoch = int(groups[0][:-1])
+    pre = groups[4:6]
+    post = groups[7:9]
+    dev = groups[10:12]
+    local = groups[13]
+    if pre == (None, None):
+        pre = ()
+    else:
+        if pre[1] is None:
+            pre = pre[0], 0
+        else:
+            pre = pre[0], int(pre[1])
+    if post == (None, None):
+        post = ()
+    else:
+        if post[1] is None:
+            post = post[0], 0
+        else:
+            post = post[0], int(post[1])
+    if dev == (None, None):
+        dev = ()
+    else:
+        if dev[1] is None:
+            dev = dev[0], 0
+        else:
+            dev = dev[0], int(dev[1])
+    if local is None:
+        local = ()
+    else:
+        parts = []
+        for part in local.split('.'):
+            # to ensure that numeric compares as > lexicographic, avoid
+            # comparing them directly, but encode a tuple which ensures
+            # correct sorting
+            if part.isdigit():
+                part = (1, int(part))
+            else:
+                part = (0, part)
+            parts.append(part)
+        local = tuple(parts)
+    if not pre:
+        # either before pre-release, or final release and after
+        if not post and dev:
+            # before pre-release
+            pre = ('a', -1)     # to sort before a0
+        else:
+            pre = ('z',)        # to sort after all pre-releases
+    # now look at the state of post and dev.
+    if not post:
+        post = ('_',)   # sort before 'a'
+    if not dev:
+        dev = ('final',)
+
+    return epoch, nums, pre, post, dev, local
+
+
+_normalized_key = _pep_440_key
+
+
+class NormalizedVersion(Version):
+    """A rational version.
+
+    Good:
+        1.2         # equivalent to "1.2.0"
+        1.2.0
+        1.2a1
+        1.2.3a2
+        1.2.3b1
+        1.2.3c1
+        1.2.3.4
+        TODO: fill this out
+
+    Bad:
+        1           # minimum two numbers
+        1.2a        # release level must have a release serial
+        1.2.3b
+    """
+    def parse(self, s):
+        result = _normalized_key(s)
+        # _normalized_key loses trailing zeroes in the release
+        # clause, since that's needed to ensure that X.Y == X.Y.0 == X.Y.0.0
+        # However, PEP 440 prefix matching needs it: for example,
+        # (~= 1.4.5.0) matches differently to (~= 1.4.5.0.0).
+        m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)      # must succeed
+        groups = m.groups()
+        self._release_clause = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+        return result
+
+    PREREL_TAGS = set(['a', 'b', 'c', 'rc', 'dev'])
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return any(t[0] in self.PREREL_TAGS for t in self._parts if t)
+
+
+def _match_prefix(x, y):
+    x = str(x)
+    y = str(y)
+    if x == y:
+        return True
+    if not x.startswith(y):
+        return False
+    n = len(y)
+    return x[n] == '.'
+
+
+class NormalizedMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = NormalizedVersion
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '~=': '_match_compatible',
+        '<': '_match_lt',
+        '>': '_match_gt',
+        '<=': '_match_le',
+        '>=': '_match_ge',
+        '==': '_match_eq',
+        '===': '_match_arbitrary',
+        '!=': '_match_ne',
+    }
+
+    def _adjust_local(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if prefix:
+            strip_local = '+' not in constraint and version._parts[-1]
+        else:
+            # both constraint and version are
+            # NormalizedVersion instances.
+            # If constraint does not have a local component,
+            # ensure the version doesn't, either.
+            strip_local = not constraint._parts[-1] and version._parts[-1]
+        if strip_local:
+            s = version._string.split('+', 1)[0]
+            version = self.version_class(s)
+        return version, constraint
+
+    def _match_lt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version >= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_gt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version <= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_le(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version <= constraint
+
+    def _match_ge(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version >= constraint
+
+    def _match_eq(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version == constraint)
+        else:
+            result = _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_arbitrary(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        return str(version) == str(constraint)
+
+    def _match_ne(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version != constraint)
+        else:
+            result = not _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version == constraint:
+            return True
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+#        if not prefix:
+#            return True
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        if len(release_clause) > 1:
+            release_clause = release_clause[:-1]
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+
+_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('[.+-]$'), ''),                     # remove trailing puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^[.](\d)'), r'0.\1'),             # .N -> 0.N at start
+    (re.compile('^[.-]'), ''),                      # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^\((.*)\)$'), r'\1'),             # remove parentheses
+    (re.compile(r'^v(ersion)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),    # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile(r'^r(ev)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),        # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\b(alfa|apha)\b'), 'alpha'),      # misspelt alpha
+    (re.compile(r'\b(pre-alpha|prealpha)\b'),
+        'pre.alpha'),                               # standardise
+    (re.compile(r'\(beta\)$'), 'beta'),             # remove parentheses
+)
+
+_SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('^[:~._+-]+'), ''),                   # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile('[,*")([\\]]'), ''),                  # remove unwanted chars
+    (re.compile('[~:+_ -]'), '.'),                    # replace illegal chars
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\.$'), ''),                       # trailing '.'
+)
+
+_NUMERIC_PREFIX = re.compile(r'(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+
+def _suggest_semantic_version(s):
+    """
+    Try to suggest a semantic form for a version for which
+    _suggest_normalized_version couldn't come up with anything.
+    """
+    result = s.strip().lower()
+    for pat, repl in _REPLACEMENTS:
+        result = pat.sub(repl, result)
+    if not result:
+        result = '0.0.0'
+
+    # Now look for numeric prefix, and separate it out from
+    # the rest.
+    # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+    m = _NUMERIC_PREFIX.match(result)
+    if not m:
+        prefix = '0.0.0'
+        suffix = result
+    else:
+        prefix = m.groups()[0].split('.')
+        prefix = [int(i) for i in prefix]
+        while len(prefix) < 3:
+            prefix.append(0)
+        if len(prefix) == 3:
+            suffix = result[m.end():]
+        else:
+            suffix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix[3:]]) + result[m.end():]
+            prefix = prefix[:3]
+        prefix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix])
+        suffix = suffix.strip()
+    if suffix:
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        # massage the suffix.
+        for pat, repl in _SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS:
+            suffix = pat.sub(repl, suffix)
+
+    if not suffix:
+        result = prefix
+    else:
+        sep = '-' if 'dev' in suffix else '+'
+        result = prefix + sep + suffix
+    if not is_semver(result):
+        result = None
+    return result
+
+
+def _suggest_normalized_version(s):
+    """Suggest a normalized version close to the given version string.
+
+    If you have a version string that isn't rational (i.e. NormalizedVersion
+    doesn't like it) then you might be able to get an equivalent (or close)
+    rational version from this function.
+
+    This does a number of simple normalizations to the given string, based
+    on observation of versions currently in use on PyPI. Given a dump of
+    those version during PyCon 2009, 4287 of them:
+    - 2312 (53.93%) match NormalizedVersion without change
+      with the automatic suggestion
+    - 3474 (81.04%) match when using this suggestion method
+
+    @param s {str} An irrational version string.
+    @returns A rational version string, or None, if couldn't determine one.
+    """
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(s)
+        return s   # already rational
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        pass
+
+    rs = s.lower()
+
+    # part of this could use maketrans
+    for orig, repl in (('-alpha', 'a'), ('-beta', 'b'), ('alpha', 'a'),
+                       ('beta', 'b'), ('rc', 'c'), ('-final', ''),
+                       ('-pre', 'c'),
+                       ('-release', ''), ('.release', ''), ('-stable', ''),
+                       ('+', '.'), ('_', '.'), (' ', ''), ('.final', ''),
+                       ('final', '')):
+        rs = rs.replace(orig, repl)
+
+    # if something ends with dev or pre, we add a 0
+    rs = re.sub(r"pre$", r"pre0", rs)
+    rs = re.sub(r"dev$", r"dev0", rs)
+
+    # if we have something like "b-2" or "a.2" at the end of the
+    # version, that is probably beta, alpha, etc
+    # let's remove the dash or dot
+    rs = re.sub(r"([abc]|rc)[\-\.](\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # 1.0-dev-r371 -> 1.0.dev371
+    # 0.1-dev-r79 -> 0.1.dev79
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\-\.](dev)[\-\.]?r?(\d+)$", r".\1\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean: 2.0.a.3, 2.0.b1, 0.9.0~c1
+    rs = re.sub(r"[.~]?([abc])\.?", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean: v0.3, v1.0
+    if rs.startswith('v'):
+        rs = rs[1:]
+
+    # Clean leading '0's on numbers.
+    # TODO: unintended side-effect on, e.g., "2003.05.09"
+    # PyPI stats: 77 (~2%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\b0+(\d+)(?!\d)", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean a/b/c with no version. E.g. "1.0a" -> "1.0a0". Setuptools infers
+    # zero.
+    # PyPI stats: 245 (7.56%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"(\d+[abc])$", r"\g<1>0", rs)
+
+    # the 'dev-rNNN' tag is a dev tag
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev-r|dev\.r)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # clean the - when used as a pre delimiter
+    rs = re.sub(r"-(a|b|c)(\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" or "devel" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\.\-](dev|devel)$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"(?![\.\-])dev$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "final" or "stable" can be removed
+    rs = re.sub(r"(final|stable)$", "", rs)
+
+    # The 'r' and the '-' tags are post release tags
+    #   0.4a1.r10       ->  0.4a1.post10
+    #   0.9.33-17222    ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    #   0.9.33-r17222   ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(r|-|-r)\.?(\d+)$", r".post\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean 'r' instead of 'dev' usage:
+    #   0.9.33+r17222   ->  0.9.33.dev17222
+    #   1.0dev123       ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.git123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.bzr123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   0.1a0dev.123    ->  0.1a0.dev123
+    # PyPI stats:  ~150 (~4%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev|git|bzr)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean '.pre' (normalized from '-pre' above) instead of 'c' usage:
+    #   0.2.pre1        ->  0.2c1
+    #   0.2-c1         ->  0.2c1
+    #   1.0preview123   ->  1.0c123
+    # PyPI stats: ~21 (0.62%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(pre|preview|-c)(\d+)$", r"c\g<2>", rs)
+
+    # Tcl/Tk uses "px" for their post release markers
+    rs = re.sub(r"p(\d+)$", r".post\1", rs)
+
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(rs)
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        rs = None
+    return rs
+
+#
+#   Legacy version processing (distribute-compatible)
+#
+
+
+_VERSION_PART = re.compile(r'([a-z]+|\d+|[\.-])', re.I)
+_VERSION_REPLACE = {
+    'pre': 'c',
+    'preview': 'c',
+    '-': 'final-',
+    'rc': 'c',
+    'dev': '@',
+    '': None,
+    '.': None,
+}
+
+
+def _legacy_key(s):
+    def get_parts(s):
+        result = []
+        for p in _VERSION_PART.split(s.lower()):
+            p = _VERSION_REPLACE.get(p, p)
+            if p:
+                if '0' <= p[:1] <= '9':
+                    p = p.zfill(8)
+                else:
+                    p = '*' + p
+                result.append(p)
+        result.append('*final')
+        return result
+
+    result = []
+    for p in get_parts(s):
+        if p.startswith('*'):
+            if p < '*final':
+                while result and result[-1] == '*final-':
+                    result.pop()
+            while result and result[-1] == '00000000':
+                result.pop()
+        result.append(p)
+    return tuple(result)
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _legacy_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        result = False
+        for x in self._parts:
+            if (isinstance(x, string_types) and x.startswith('*') and
+                    x < '*final'):
+                result = True
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class LegacyMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = LegacyVersion
+
+    _operators = dict(Matcher._operators)
+    _operators['~='] = '_match_compatible'
+
+    numeric_re = re.compile(r'^(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+        m = self.numeric_re.match(str(constraint))
+        if not m:
+            logger.warning('Cannot compute compatible match for version %s '
+                           ' and constraint %s', version, constraint)
+            return True
+        s = m.groups()[0]
+        if '.' in s:
+            s = s.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+        return _match_prefix(version, s)
+
+#
+#   Semantic versioning
+#
+
+
+_SEMVER_RE = re.compile(r'^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)'
+                        r'(-[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?'
+                        r'(\+[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?$', re.I)
+
+
+def is_semver(s):
+    return _SEMVER_RE.match(s)
+
+
+def _semantic_key(s):
+    def make_tuple(s, absent):
+        if s is None:
+            result = (absent,)
+        else:
+            parts = s[1:].split('.')
+            # We can't compare ints and strings on Python 3, so fudge it
+            # by zero-filling numeric values so simulate a numeric comparison
+            result = tuple([p.zfill(8) if p.isdigit() else p for p in parts])
+        return result
+
+    m = is_semver(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError(s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    major, minor, patch = [int(i) for i in groups[:3]]
+    # choose the '|' and '*' so that versions sort correctly
+    pre, build = make_tuple(groups[3], '|'), make_tuple(groups[5], '*')
+    return (major, minor, patch), pre, build
+
+
+class SemanticVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _semantic_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return self._parts[1][0] != '|'
+
+
+class SemanticMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = SemanticVersion
+
+
+class VersionScheme(object):
+    def __init__(self, key, matcher, suggester=None):
+        self.key = key
+        self.matcher = matcher
+        self.suggester = suggester
+
+    def is_valid_version(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher.version_class(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_matcher(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_constraint_list(self, s):
+        """
+        Used for processing some metadata fields
+        """
+        # See issue #140. Be tolerant of a single trailing comma.
+        if s.endswith(','):
+            s = s[:-1]
+        return self.is_valid_matcher('dummy_name (%s)' % s)
+
+    def suggest(self, s):
+        if self.suggester is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            result = self.suggester(s)
+        return result
+
+
+_SCHEMES = {
+    'normalized': VersionScheme(_normalized_key, NormalizedMatcher,
+                                _suggest_normalized_version),
+    'legacy': VersionScheme(_legacy_key, LegacyMatcher, lambda self, s: s),
+    'semantic': VersionScheme(_semantic_key, SemanticMatcher,
+                              _suggest_semantic_version),
+}
+
+_SCHEMES['default'] = _SCHEMES['normalized']
+
+
+def get_scheme(name):
+    if name not in _SCHEMES:
+        raise ValueError('unknown scheme name: %r' % name)
+    return _SCHEMES[name]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w32.exe b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w32.exe
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w64.exe b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/w64.exe
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5a30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import datetime
+from email import message_from_file
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+
+from . import __version__, DistlibException
+from .compat import sysconfig, ZipFile, fsdecode, text_type, filter
+from .database import InstalledDistribution
+from .metadata import Metadata, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+from .util import (FileOperator, convert_path, CSVReader, CSVWriter, Cache,
+                   cached_property, get_cache_base, read_exports, tempdir,
+                   get_platform)
+from .version import NormalizedVersion, UnsupportedVersionError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+cache = None  # created when needed
+
+if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'pp'
+elif sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'jy'
+elif sys.platform == 'cli':  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'ip'
+else:
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'cp'
+
+VER_SUFFIX = sysconfig.get_config_var('py_version_nodot')
+if not VER_SUFFIX:  # pragma: no cover
+    VER_SUFFIX = '%s%s' % sys.version_info[:2]
+PYVER = 'py' + VER_SUFFIX
+IMPVER = IMP_PREFIX + VER_SUFFIX
+
+ARCH = get_platform().replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')
+
+ABI = sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI')
+if ABI and ABI.startswith('cpython-'):
+    ABI = ABI.replace('cpython-', 'cp').split('-')[0]
+else:
+
+    def _derive_abi():
+        parts = ['cp', VER_SUFFIX]
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_DEBUG'):
+            parts.append('d')
+        if IMP_PREFIX == 'cp':
+            vi = sys.version_info[:2]
+            if vi < (3, 8):
+                wpm = sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_PYMALLOC')
+                if wpm is None:
+                    wpm = True
+                if wpm:
+                    parts.append('m')
+                if vi < (3, 3):
+                    us = sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_UNICODE_SIZE')
+                    if us == 4 or (us is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF):
+                        parts.append('u')
+        return ''.join(parts)
+
+    ABI = _derive_abi()
+    del _derive_abi
+
+FILENAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?
+-(?P<py>\w+\d+(\.\w+\d+)*)
+-(?P<bi>\w+)
+-(?P<ar>\w+(\.\w+)*)
+\.whl$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+SHEBANG_RE = re.compile(br'\s*#![^\r\n]*')
+SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE = re.compile(br'^(\s*#!("[^"]+"|\S+))\s+(.*)$')
+SHEBANG_PYTHON = b'#!python'
+SHEBANG_PYTHONW = b'#!pythonw'
+
+if os.sep == '/':
+    to_posix = lambda o: o
+else:
+    to_posix = lambda o: o.replace(os.sep, '/')
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    import imp
+else:
+    imp = None
+    import importlib.machinery
+    import importlib.util
+
+
+def _get_suffixes():
+    if imp:
+        return [s[0] for s in imp.get_suffixes()]
+    else:
+        return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+
+
+def _load_dynamic(name, path):
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly
+    if imp:
+        return imp.load_dynamic(name, path)
+    else:
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        sys.modules[name] = module
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+
+class Mounter(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.impure_wheels = {}
+        self.libs = {}
+
+    def add(self, pathname, extensions):
+        self.impure_wheels[pathname] = extensions
+        self.libs.update(extensions)
+
+    def remove(self, pathname):
+        extensions = self.impure_wheels.pop(pathname)
+        for k, v in extensions:
+            if k in self.libs:
+                del self.libs[k]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.libs:
+            result = self
+        else:
+            result = None
+        return result
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        if fullname in sys.modules:
+            result = sys.modules[fullname]
+        else:
+            if fullname not in self.libs:
+                raise ImportError('unable to find extension for %s' % fullname)
+            result = _load_dynamic(fullname, self.libs[fullname])
+            result.__loader__ = self
+            parts = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)
+            if len(parts) > 1:
+                result.__package__ = parts[0]
+        return result
+
+
+_hook = Mounter()
+
+
+class Wheel(object):
+    """
+    Class to build and install from Wheel files (PEP 427).
+    """
+
+    wheel_version = (1, 1)
+    hash_kind = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None, sign=False, verify=False):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance using a (valid) filename.
+        """
+        self.sign = sign
+        self.should_verify = verify
+        self.buildver = ''
+        self.pyver = [PYVER]
+        self.abi = ['none']
+        self.arch = ['any']
+        self.dirname = os.getcwd()
+        if filename is None:
+            self.name = 'dummy'
+            self.version = '0.1'
+            self._filename = self.filename
+        else:
+            m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(filename)
+            if m:
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                # Reinstate the local version separator
+                self.version = info['vn'].replace('_', '-')
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self._filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                m = FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
+                if not m:
+                    raise DistlibException('Invalid name or '
+                                           'filename: %r' % filename)
+                if dirname:
+                    self.dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
+                self._filename = filename
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                self.version = info['vn']
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self.pyver = info['py'].split('.')
+                self.abi = info['bi'].split('.')
+                self.arch = info['ar'].split('.')
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self):
+        """
+        Build and return a filename from the various components.
+        """
+        if self.buildver:
+            buildver = '-' + self.buildver
+        else:
+            buildver = ''
+        pyver = '.'.join(self.pyver)
+        abi = '.'.join(self.abi)
+        arch = '.'.join(self.arch)
+        # replace - with _ as a local version separator
+        version = self.version.replace('-', '_')
+        return '%s-%s%s-%s-%s-%s.whl' % (self.name, version, buildver, pyver,
+                                         abi, arch)
+
+    @property
+    def exists(self):
+        path = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    @property
+    def tags(self):
+        for pyver in self.pyver:
+            for abi in self.abi:
+                for arch in self.arch:
+                    yield pyver, abi, arch
+
+    @cached_property
+    def metadata(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+            # wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # if file_version < (1, 1):
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME,
+            # LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            # else:
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME]
+            fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            result = None
+            for fn in fns:
+                try:
+                    metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
+                    with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+                        wf = wrapper(bf)
+                        result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
+                        if result:
+                            break
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            if not result:
+                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because metadata is '
+                                 'missing: looked in %s' % ', '.join(fns))
+        return result
+
+    def get_wheel_metadata(self, zf):
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+            wf = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(bf)
+            message = message_from_file(wf)
+        return dict(message)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def info(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            result = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+        return result
+
+    def process_shebang(self, data):
+        m = SHEBANG_RE.match(data)
+        if m:
+            end = m.end()
+            shebang, data_after_shebang = data[:end], data[end:]
+            # Preserve any arguments after the interpreter
+            if b'pythonw' in shebang.lower():
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHONW
+            else:
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHON
+            m = SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE.match(shebang)
+            if m:
+                args = b' ' + m.groups()[-1]
+            else:
+                args = b''
+            shebang = shebang_python + args
+            data = shebang + data_after_shebang
+        else:
+            cr = data.find(b'\r')
+            lf = data.find(b'\n')
+            if cr < 0 or cr > lf:
+                term = b'\n'
+            else:
+                if data[cr:cr + 2] == b'\r\n':
+                    term = b'\r\n'
+                else:
+                    term = b'\r'
+            data = SHEBANG_PYTHON + term + data
+        return data
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hash_kind=None):
+        if hash_kind is None:
+            hash_kind = self.hash_kind
+        try:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hash_kind)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise DistlibException('Unsupported hash algorithm: %r' %
+                                   hash_kind)
+        result = hasher(data).digest()
+        result = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(result).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return hash_kind, result
+
+    def write_record(self, records, record_path, archive_record_path):
+        records = list(records)  # make a copy, as mutated
+        records.append((archive_record_path, '', ''))
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for row in records:
+                writer.writerow(row)
+
+    def write_records(self, info, libdir, archive_paths):
+        records = []
+        distinfo, info_dir = info
+        # hasher = getattr(hashlib, self.hash_kind)
+        for ap, p in archive_paths:
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read()
+            digest = '%s=%s' % self.get_hash(data)
+            size = os.path.getsize(p)
+            records.append((ap, digest, size))
+
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'RECORD')
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'RECORD'))
+        self.write_record(records, p, ap)
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+    def build_zip(self, pathname, archive_paths):
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
+            for ap, p in archive_paths:
+                logger.debug('Wrote %s to %s in wheel', p, ap)
+                zf.write(p, ap)
+
+    def build(self, paths, tags=None, wheel_version=None):
+        """
+        Build a wheel from files in specified paths, and use any specified tags
+        when determining the name of the wheel.
+        """
+        if tags is None:
+            tags = {}
+
+        libkey = list(filter(lambda o: o in paths, ('purelib', 'platlib')))[0]
+        if libkey == 'platlib':
+            is_pure = 'false'
+            default_pyver = [IMPVER]
+            default_abi = [ABI]
+            default_arch = [ARCH]
+        else:
+            is_pure = 'true'
+            default_pyver = [PYVER]
+            default_abi = ['none']
+            default_arch = ['any']
+
+        self.pyver = tags.get('pyver', default_pyver)
+        self.abi = tags.get('abi', default_abi)
+        self.arch = tags.get('arch', default_arch)
+
+        libdir = paths[libkey]
+
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        archive_paths = []
+
+        # First, stuff which is not in site-packages
+        for key in ('data', 'headers', 'scripts'):
+            if key not in paths:
+                continue
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+                    for fn in files:
+                        p = fsdecode(os.path.join(root, fn))
+                        rp = os.path.relpath(p, path)
+                        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(data_dir, key, rp))
+                        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+                        if key == 'scripts' and not p.endswith('.exe'):
+                            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                                data = f.read()
+                            data = self.process_shebang(data)
+                            with open(p, 'wb') as f:
+                                f.write(data)
+
+        # Now, stuff which is in site-packages, other than the
+        # distinfo stuff.
+        path = libdir
+        distinfo = None
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+            if root == path:
+                # At the top level only, save distinfo for later
+                # and skip it for now
+                for i, dn in enumerate(dirs):
+                    dn = fsdecode(dn)
+                    if dn.endswith('.dist-info'):
+                        distinfo = os.path.join(root, dn)
+                        del dirs[i]
+                        break
+                assert distinfo, '.dist-info directory expected, not found'
+
+            for fn in files:
+                # comment out next suite to leave .pyc files in
+                if fsdecode(fn).endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    continue
+                p = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                rp = to_posix(os.path.relpath(p, path))
+                archive_paths.append((rp, p))
+
+        # Now distinfo. Assumed to be flat, i.e. os.listdir is enough.
+        files = os.listdir(distinfo)
+        for fn in files:
+            if fn not in ('RECORD', 'INSTALLER', 'SHARED', 'WHEEL'):
+                p = fsdecode(os.path.join(distinfo, fn))
+                ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, fn))
+                archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        wheel_metadata = [
+            'Wheel-Version: %d.%d' % (wheel_version or self.wheel_version),
+            'Generator: distlib %s' % __version__,
+            'Root-Is-Purelib: %s' % is_pure,
+        ]
+        for pyver, abi, arch in self.tags:
+            wheel_metadata.append('Tag: %s-%s-%s' % (pyver, abi, arch))
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'WHEEL')
+        with open(p, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(wheel_metadata))
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL'))
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        # sort the entries by archive path. Not needed by any spec, but it
+        # keeps the archive listing and RECORD tidier than they would otherwise
+        # be. Use the number of path segments to keep directory entries together,
+        # and keep the dist-info stuff at the end.
+        def sorter(t):
+            ap = t[0]
+            n = ap.count('/')
+            if '.dist-info' in ap:
+                n += 10000
+            return (n, ap)
+
+        archive_paths = sorted(archive_paths, key=sorter)
+
+        # Now, at last, RECORD.
+        # Paths in here are archive paths - nothing else makes sense.
+        self.write_records((distinfo, info_dir), libdir, archive_paths)
+        # Now, ready to build the zip file
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        self.build_zip(pathname, archive_paths)
+        return pathname
+
+    def skip_entry(self, arcname):
+        """
+        Determine whether an archive entry should be skipped when verifying
+        or installing.
+        """
+        # The signature file won't be in RECORD,
+        # and we  don't currently don't do anything with it
+        # We also skip directories, as they won't be in RECORD
+        # either. See:
+        #
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/294
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/287
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/pull/289
+        #
+        return arcname.endswith(('/', '/RECORD.jws'))
+
+    def install(self, paths, maker, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Install a wheel to the specified paths. If kwarg ``warner`` is
+        specified, it should be a callable, which will be called with two
+        tuples indicating the wheel version of this software and the wheel
+        version in the file, if there is a discrepancy in the versions.
+        This can be used to issue any warnings to raise any exceptions.
+        If kwarg ``lib_only`` is True, only the purelib/platlib files are
+        installed, and the headers, scripts, data and dist-info metadata are
+        not written. If kwarg ``bytecode_hashed_invalidation`` is True, written
+        bytecode will try to use file-hash based invalidation (PEP-552) on
+        supported interpreter versions (CPython 2.7+).
+
+        The return value is a :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance unless
+        ``options.lib_only`` is True, in which case the return value is ``None``.
+        """
+
+        dry_run = maker.dry_run
+        warner = kwargs.get('warner')
+        lib_only = kwargs.get('lib_only', False)
+        bc_hashed_invalidation = kwargs.get('bytecode_hashed_invalidation',
+                                            False)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message = message_from_file(wf)
+            wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            if (file_version != self.wheel_version) and warner:
+                warner(self.wheel_version, file_version)
+
+            if message['Root-Is-Purelib'] == 'true':
+                libdir = paths['purelib']
+            else:
+                libdir = paths['platlib']
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            data_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, '')
+            info_pfx = posixpath.join(info_dir, '')
+            script_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, 'scripts', '')
+
+            # make a new instance rather than a copy of maker's,
+            # as we mutate it
+            fileop = FileOperator(dry_run=dry_run)
+            fileop.record = True  # so we can rollback if needed
+
+            bc = not sys.dont_write_bytecode  # Double negatives. Lovely!
+
+            outfiles = []  # for RECORD writing
+
+            # for script copying/shebang processing
+            workdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            # set target dir later
+            # we default add_launchers to False, as the
+            # Python Launcher should be used instead
+            maker.source_dir = workdir
+            maker.target_dir = None
+            try:
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                        continue
+                    row = records[u_arcname]
+                    if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                        raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % u_arcname)
+                    if row[1]:
+                        kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            data = bf.read()
+                        _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                        if digest != value:
+                            raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                                   '%s' % arcname)
+
+                    if lib_only and u_arcname.startswith((info_pfx, data_pfx)):
+                        logger.debug('lib_only: skipping %s', u_arcname)
+                        continue
+                    is_script = (u_arcname.startswith(script_pfx)
+                                 and not u_arcname.endswith('.exe'))
+
+                    if u_arcname.startswith(data_pfx):
+                        _, where, rp = u_arcname.split('/', 2)
+                        outfile = os.path.join(paths[where], convert_path(rp))
+                    else:
+                        # meant for site-packages.
+                        if u_arcname in (wheel_metadata_name, record_name):
+                            continue
+                        outfile = os.path.join(libdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    if not is_script:
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, outfile)
+                        # Issue #147: permission bits aren't preserved. Using
+                        # zf.extract(zinfo, libdir) should have worked, but didn't,
+                        # see https://www.thetopsites.net/article/53834422.shtml
+                        # So ... manually preserve permission bits as given in zinfo
+                        if os.name == 'posix':
+                            # just set the normal permission bits
+                            os.chmod(outfile,
+                                     (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0x1FF)
+                        outfiles.append(outfile)
+                        # Double check the digest of the written file
+                        if not dry_run and row[1]:
+                            with open(outfile, 'rb') as bf:
+                                data = bf.read()
+                                _, newdigest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                                if newdigest != digest:
+                                    raise DistlibException('digest mismatch '
+                                                           'on write for '
+                                                           '%s' % outfile)
+                        if bc and outfile.endswith('.py'):
+                            try:
+                                pyc = fileop.byte_compile(
+                                    outfile,
+                                    hashed_invalidation=bc_hashed_invalidation)
+                                outfiles.append(pyc)
+                            except Exception:
+                                # Don't give up if byte-compilation fails,
+                                # but log it and perhaps warn the user
+                                logger.warning('Byte-compilation failed',
+                                               exc_info=True)
+                    else:
+                        fn = os.path.basename(convert_path(arcname))
+                        workname = os.path.join(workdir, fn)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, workname)
+
+                        dn, fn = os.path.split(outfile)
+                        maker.target_dir = dn
+                        filenames = maker.make(fn)
+                        fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+                        outfiles.extend(filenames)
+
+                if lib_only:
+                    logger.debug('lib_only: returning None')
+                    dist = None
+                else:
+                    # Generate scripts
+
+                    # Try to get pydist.json so we can see if there are
+                    # any commands to generate. If this fails (e.g. because
+                    # of a legacy wheel), log a warning but don't give up.
+                    commands = None
+                    file_version = self.info['Wheel-Version']
+                    if file_version == '1.0':
+                        # Use legacy info
+                        ep = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'entry_points.txt')
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(ep) as bwf:
+                                epdata = read_exports(bwf)
+                            commands = {}
+                            for key in ('console', 'gui'):
+                                k = '%s_scripts' % key
+                                if k in epdata:
+                                    commands['wrap_%s' % key] = d = {}
+                                    for v in epdata[k].values():
+                                        s = '%s:%s' % (v.prefix, v.suffix)
+                                        if v.flags:
+                                            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(v.flags)
+                                        d[v.name] = s
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read legacy script '
+                                           'metadata, so cannot generate '
+                                           'scripts')
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(metadata_name) as bwf:
+                                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                                commands = json.load(wf).get('extensions')
+                                if commands:
+                                    commands = commands.get('python.commands')
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read JSON metadata, so '
+                                           'cannot generate scripts')
+                    if commands:
+                        console_scripts = commands.get('wrap_console', {})
+                        gui_scripts = commands.get('wrap_gui', {})
+                        if console_scripts or gui_scripts:
+                            script_dir = paths.get('scripts', '')
+                            if not os.path.isdir(script_dir):
+                                raise ValueError('Valid script path not '
+                                                 'specified')
+                            maker.target_dir = script_dir
+                            for k, v in console_scripts.items():
+                                script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                filenames = maker.make(script)
+                                fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                            if gui_scripts:
+                                options = {'gui': True}
+                                for k, v in gui_scripts.items():
+                                    script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                    filenames = maker.make(script, options)
+                                    fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                    p = os.path.join(libdir, info_dir)
+                    dist = InstalledDistribution(p)
+
+                    # Write SHARED
+                    paths = dict(paths)  # don't change passed in dict
+                    del paths['purelib']
+                    del paths['platlib']
+                    paths['lib'] = libdir
+                    p = dist.write_shared_locations(paths, dry_run)
+                    if p:
+                        outfiles.append(p)
+
+                    # Write RECORD
+                    dist.write_installed_files(outfiles, paths['prefix'],
+                                               dry_run)
+                return dist
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.exception('installation failed.')
+                fileop.rollback()
+                raise
+            finally:
+                shutil.rmtree(workdir)
+
+    def _get_dylib_cache(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('dylib-cache'),
+                                '%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
+            cache = Cache(base)
+        return cache
+
+    def _get_extensions(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        arcname = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'EXTENSIONS')
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        result = []
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            try:
+                with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                    wf = wrapper(bf)
+                    extensions = json.load(wf)
+                    cache = self._get_dylib_cache()
+                    prefix = cache.prefix_to_dir(pathname)
+                    cache_base = os.path.join(cache.base, prefix)
+                    if not os.path.isdir(cache_base):
+                        os.makedirs(cache_base)
+                    for name, relpath in extensions.items():
+                        dest = os.path.join(cache_base, convert_path(relpath))
+                        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+                            extract = True
+                        else:
+                            file_time = os.stat(dest).st_mtime
+                            file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                                file_time)
+                            info = zf.getinfo(relpath)
+                            wheel_time = datetime.datetime(*info.date_time)
+                            extract = wheel_time > file_time
+                        if extract:
+                            zf.extract(relpath, cache_base)
+                        result.append((name, dest))
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def is_compatible(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is compatible with the running system.
+        """
+        return is_compatible(self)
+
+    def is_mountable(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is asserted as mountable by its metadata.
+        """
+        return True  # for now - metadata details TBD
+
+    def mount(self, append=False):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if not self.is_compatible():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s not compatible with this Python.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if not self.is_mountable():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s is marked as not mountable.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if pathname in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s already in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            if append:
+                sys.path.append(pathname)
+            else:
+                sys.path.insert(0, pathname)
+            extensions = self._get_extensions()
+            if extensions:
+                if _hook not in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.append(_hook)
+                _hook.add(pathname, extensions)
+
+    def unmount(self):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if pathname not in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s not in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            sys.path.remove(pathname)
+            if pathname in _hook.impure_wheels:
+                _hook.remove(pathname)
+            if not _hook.impure_wheels:
+                if _hook in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.remove(_hook)
+
+    def verify(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        # data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        # metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message_from_file(wf)
+            # wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # TODO version verification
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                arcname = zinfo.filename
+                if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                    u_arcname = arcname
+                else:
+                    u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                # See issue #115: some wheels have .. in their entries, but
+                # in the filename ... e.g. __main__..py ! So the check is
+                # updated to look for .. in the directory portions
+                p = u_arcname.split('/')
+                if '..' in p:
+                    raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                           'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+
+                if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                    continue
+                row = records[u_arcname]
+                if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                    raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                           '%s' % u_arcname)
+                if row[1]:
+                    kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                    with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                        data = bf.read()
+                    _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                    if digest != value:
+                        raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % arcname)
+
+    def update(self, modifier, dest_dir=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Update the contents of a wheel in a generic way. The modifier should
+        be a callable which expects a dictionary argument: its keys are
+        archive-entry paths, and its values are absolute filesystem paths
+        where the contents the corresponding archive entries can be found. The
+        modifier is free to change the contents of the files pointed to, add
+        new entries and remove entries, before returning. This method will
+        extract the entire contents of the wheel to a temporary location, call
+        the modifier, and then use the passed (and possibly updated)
+        dictionary to write a new wheel. If ``dest_dir`` is specified, the new
+        wheel is written there -- otherwise, the original wheel is overwritten.
+
+        The modifier should return True if it updated the wheel, else False.
+        This method returns the same value the modifier returns.
+        """
+
+        def get_version(path_map, info_dir):
+            version = path = None
+            key = '%s/%s' % (info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if key not in path_map:
+                key = '%s/PKG-INFO' % info_dir
+            if key in path_map:
+                path = path_map[key]
+                version = Metadata(path=path).version
+            return version, path
+
+        def update_version(version, path):
+            updated = None
+            try:
+                NormalizedVersion(version)
+                i = version.find('-')
+                if i < 0:
+                    updated = '%s+1' % version
+                else:
+                    parts = [int(s) for s in version[i + 1:].split('.')]
+                    parts[-1] += 1
+                    updated = '%s+%s' % (version[:i], '.'.join(
+                        str(i) for i in parts))
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                logger.debug(
+                    'Cannot update non-compliant (PEP-440) '
+                    'version %r', version)
+            if updated:
+                md = Metadata(path=path)
+                md.version = updated
+                legacy = path.endswith(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+                md.write(path=path, legacy=legacy)
+                logger.debug('Version updated from %r to %r', version, updated)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+        with tempdir() as workdir:
+            with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+                path_map = {}
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if u_arcname == record_name:
+                        continue
+                    if '..' in u_arcname:
+                        raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                               'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+                    zf.extract(zinfo, workdir)
+                    path = os.path.join(workdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    path_map[u_arcname] = path
+
+            # Remember the version.
+            original_version, _ = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+            # Files extracted. Call the modifier.
+            modified = modifier(path_map, **kwargs)
+            if modified:
+                # Something changed - need to build a new wheel.
+                current_version, path = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+                if current_version and (current_version == original_version):
+                    # Add or update local version to signify changes.
+                    update_version(current_version, path)
+                # Decide where the new wheel goes.
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    fd, newpath = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.whl',
+                                                   prefix='wheel-update-',
+                                                   dir=workdir)
+                    os.close(fd)
+                else:
+                    if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
+                        raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' %
+                                               dest_dir)
+                    newpath = os.path.join(dest_dir, self.filename)
+                archive_paths = list(path_map.items())
+                distinfo = os.path.join(workdir, info_dir)
+                info = distinfo, info_dir
+                self.write_records(info, workdir, archive_paths)
+                self.build_zip(newpath, archive_paths)
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    shutil.copyfile(newpath, pathname)
+        return modified
+
+
+def _get_glibc_version():
+    import platform
+    ver = platform.libc_ver()
+    result = []
+    if ver[0] == 'glibc':
+        for s in ver[1].split('.'):
+            result.append(int(s) if s.isdigit() else 0)
+        result = tuple(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def compatible_tags():
+    """
+    Return (pyver, abi, arch) tuples compatible with this Python.
+    """
+    versions = [VER_SUFFIX]
+    major = VER_SUFFIX[0]
+    for minor in range(sys.version_info[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+        versions.append(''.join([major, str(minor)]))
+
+    abis = []
+    for suffix in _get_suffixes():
+        if suffix.startswith('.abi'):
+            abis.append(suffix.split('.', 2)[1])
+    abis.sort()
+    if ABI != 'none':
+        abis.insert(0, ABI)
+    abis.append('none')
+    result = []
+
+    arches = [ARCH]
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        m = re.match(r'(\w+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\w+)$', ARCH)
+        if m:
+            name, major, minor, arch = m.groups()
+            minor = int(minor)
+            matches = [arch]
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc'):
+                matches.append('fat')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat3')
+            if arch in ('ppc64', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat64')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('intel')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64', 'intel', 'ppc', 'ppc64'):
+                matches.append('universal')
+            while minor >= 0:
+                for match in matches:
+                    s = '%s_%s_%s_%s' % (name, major, minor, match)
+                    if s != ARCH:  # already there
+                        arches.append(s)
+                minor -= 1
+
+    # Most specific - our Python version, ABI and arch
+    for abi in abis:
+        for arch in arches:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi, arch))
+            # manylinux
+            if abi != 'none' and sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+                arch = arch.replace('linux_', '')
+                parts = _get_glibc_version()
+                if len(parts) == 2:
+                    if parts >= (2, 5):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux1_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 12):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2010_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 17):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2014_%s' % arch))
+                    result.append(
+                        (''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                         'manylinux_%s_%s_%s' % (parts[0], parts[1], arch)))
+
+    # where no ABI / arch dependency, but IMP_PREFIX dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    # no IMP_PREFIX, ABI or arch dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join(('py', version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join(('py', version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    return set(result)
+
+
+COMPATIBLE_TAGS = compatible_tags()
+
+del compatible_tags
+
+
+def is_compatible(wheel, tags=None):
+    if not isinstance(wheel, Wheel):
+        wheel = Wheel(wheel)  # assume it's a filename
+    result = False
+    if tags is None:
+        tags = COMPATIBLE_TAGS
+    for ver, abi, arch in tags:
+        if ver in wheel.pyver and abi in wheel.abi and arch in wheel.arch:
+            result = True
+            break
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7686fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from .distro import (
+    NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_LSB_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_OS_ID,
+    LinuxDistribution,
+    __version__,
+    build_number,
+    codename,
+    distro_release_attr,
+    distro_release_info,
+    id,
+    info,
+    like,
+    linux_distribution,
+    lsb_release_attr,
+    lsb_release_info,
+    major_version,
+    minor_version,
+    name,
+    os_release_attr,
+    os_release_info,
+    uname_attr,
+    uname_info,
+    version,
+    version_parts,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_LSB_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_OS_ID",
+    "LinuxDistribution",
+    "build_number",
+    "codename",
+    "distro_release_attr",
+    "distro_release_info",
+    "id",
+    "info",
+    "like",
+    "linux_distribution",
+    "lsb_release_attr",
+    "lsb_release_info",
+    "major_version",
+    "minor_version",
+    "name",
+    "os_release_attr",
+    "os_release_info",
+    "uname_attr",
+    "uname_info",
+    "version",
+    "version_parts",
+]
+
+__version__ = __version__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c01d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .distro import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ccdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1403 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2015-2021 Nir Cohen
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+The ``distro`` package (``distro`` stands for Linux Distribution) provides
+information about the Linux distribution it runs on, such as a reliable
+machine-readable distro ID, or version information.
+
+It is the recommended replacement for Python's original
+:py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, but it provides much more
+functionality. An alternative implementation became necessary because Python
+3.5 deprecated this function, and Python 3.8 removed it altogether. Its
+predecessor function :py:func:`platform.dist` was already deprecated since
+Python 2.6 and removed in Python 3.8. Still, there are many cases in which
+access to OS distribution information is needed. See `Python issue 1322
+<https://bugs.python.org/issue1322>`_ for more information.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+)
+
+try:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.7
+    TypedDict = dict
+
+__version__ = "1.9.0"
+
+
+class VersionDict(TypedDict):
+    major: str
+    minor: str
+    build_number: str
+
+
+class InfoDict(TypedDict):
+    id: str
+    version: str
+    version_parts: VersionDict
+    like: str
+    codename: str
+
+
+_UNIXCONFDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXCONFDIR", "/etc")
+_UNIXUSRLIBDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXUSRLIBDIR", "/usr/lib")
+_OS_RELEASE_BASENAME = "os-release"
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "ID" attribute defined in os-release
+#: files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as defined in the os-release file, translated to lower case,
+#:   with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_OS_ID = {
+    "ol": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux
+    "opensuse-leap": "opensuse",  # Newer versions of OpenSuSE report as opensuse-leap
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by
+#: the lsb_release command, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as returned by the lsb_release command, translated to lower
+#:   case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_LSB_ID = {
+    "enterpriseenterpriseas": "oracle",  # Oracle Enterprise Linux 4
+    "enterpriseenterpriseserver": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux 5
+    "redhatenterpriseworkstation": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Workstation
+    "redhatenterpriseserver": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Server
+    "redhatenterprisecomputenode": "rhel",  # RHEL 6 ComputeNode
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the distro ID derived from the file name
+#: of distro release files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as derived from the file name of a distro release file,
+#:   translated to lower case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID = {
+    "redhat": "rhel",  # RHEL 6.x, 7.x
+}
+
+# Pattern for content of distro release file (reversed)
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"(?:[^)]*\)(.*)\()? *(?:STL )?([\d.+\-a-z]*\d) *(?:esaeler *)?(.+)"
+)
+
+# Pattern for base file name of distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\w+)[-_](release|version)$")
+
+# Base file names to be looked up for if _UNIXCONFDIR is not readable.
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES = [
+    "SuSE-release",
+    "altlinux-release",
+    "arch-release",
+    "base-release",
+    "centos-release",
+    "fedora-release",
+    "gentoo-release",
+    "mageia-release",
+    "mandrake-release",
+    "mandriva-release",
+    "mandrivalinux-release",
+    "manjaro-release",
+    "oracle-release",
+    "redhat-release",
+    "rocky-release",
+    "sl-release",
+    "slackware-version",
+]
+
+# Base file names to be ignored when searching for distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES = (
+    "debian_version",
+    "lsb-release",
+    "oem-release",
+    _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME,
+    "system-release",
+    "plesk-release",
+    "iredmail-release",
+    "board-release",
+    "ec2_version",
+)
+
+
+def linux_distribution(full_distribution_name: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6.0
+
+        :func:`distro.linux_distribution()` is deprecated. It should only be
+        used as a compatibility shim with Python's
+        :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution()`. Please use :func:`distro.id`,
+        :func:`distro.version` and :func:`distro.name` instead.
+
+    Return information about the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(id_name, version, codename)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``id_name``:  If *full_distribution_name* is false, the result of
+      :func:`distro.id`. Otherwise, the result of :func:`distro.name`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The extra item (usually in parentheses) after the
+      os-release version number, or the result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    The interface of this function is compatible with the original
+    :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, supporting a subset of
+    its parameters.
+
+    The data it returns may not exactly be the same, because it uses more data
+    sources than the original function, and that may lead to different data if
+    the OS distribution is not consistent across multiple data sources it
+    provides (there are indeed such distributions ...).
+
+    Another reason for differences is the fact that the :func:`distro.id`
+    method normalizes the distro ID string to a reliable machine-readable value
+    for a number of popular OS distributions.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        "distro.linux_distribution() is deprecated. It should only be used as a "
+        "compatibility shim with Python's platform.linux_distribution(). Please use "
+        "distro.id(), distro.version() and distro.name() instead.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
+
+
+def id() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the distro ID of the current distribution, as a
+    machine-readable string.
+
+    For a number of OS distributions, the returned distro ID value is
+    *reliable*, in the sense that it is documented and that it does not change
+    across releases of the distribution.
+
+    This package maintains the following reliable distro ID values:
+
+    ==============  =========================================
+    Distro ID       Distribution
+    ==============  =========================================
+    "ubuntu"        Ubuntu
+    "debian"        Debian
+    "rhel"          RedHat Enterprise Linux
+    "centos"        CentOS
+    "fedora"        Fedora
+    "sles"          SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
+    "opensuse"      openSUSE
+    "amzn"          Amazon Linux
+    "arch"          Arch Linux
+    "buildroot"     Buildroot
+    "cloudlinux"    CloudLinux OS
+    "exherbo"       Exherbo Linux
+    "gentoo"        GenToo Linux
+    "ibm_powerkvm"  IBM PowerKVM
+    "kvmibm"        KVM for IBM z Systems
+    "linuxmint"     Linux Mint
+    "mageia"        Mageia
+    "mandriva"      Mandriva Linux
+    "parallels"     Parallels
+    "pidora"        Pidora
+    "raspbian"      Raspbian
+    "oracle"        Oracle Linux (and Oracle Enterprise Linux)
+    "scientific"    Scientific Linux
+    "slackware"     Slackware
+    "xenserver"     XenServer
+    "openbsd"       OpenBSD
+    "netbsd"        NetBSD
+    "freebsd"       FreeBSD
+    "midnightbsd"   MidnightBSD
+    "rocky"         Rocky Linux
+    "aix"           AIX
+    "guix"          Guix System
+    "altlinux"      ALT Linux
+    ==============  =========================================
+
+    If you have a need to get distros for reliable IDs added into this set,
+    or if you find that the :func:`distro.id` function returns a different
+    distro ID for one of the listed distros, please create an issue in the
+    `distro issue tracker`_.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy and transformations:**
+
+    First, the ID is obtained from the following sources, in the specified
+    order. The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * the value of the "ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+    * the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the first part of the file name of the distro release file,
+
+    The so determined ID value then passes the following transformations,
+    before it is returned by this method:
+
+    * it is translated to lower case,
+
+    * blanks (which should not be there anyway) are translated to underscores,
+
+    * a normalization of the ID is performed, based upon
+      `normalization tables`_. The purpose of this normalization is to ensure
+      that the ID is as reliable as possible, even across incompatible changes
+      in the OS distributions. A common reason for an incompatible change is
+      the addition of an os-release file, or the addition of the lsb_release
+      command, with ID values that differ from what was previously determined
+      from the distro release file name.
+    """
+    return _distro.id()
+
+
+def name(pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the name of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the name is returned without version or codename.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux")
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the version and codename are appended.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux 7.1.1503 (Core)")
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    The name is obtained from the following sources, in the specified order.
+    The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * If *pretty* is false:
+
+      - the value of the "NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file.
+
+    * If *pretty* is true:
+
+      - the value of the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Description" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file, appended
+        with the value of the pretty version ("<version_id>" and "<codename>"
+        fields) of the distro release file, if available.
+    """
+    return _distro.name(pretty)
+
+
+def version(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the version is returned without codename (e.g.
+    "7.0").
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the codename in parenthesis is appended, if the
+    codename is non-empty (e.g. "7.0 (Maipo)").
+
+    Some distributions provide version numbers with different precisions in
+    the different sources of distribution information. Examining the different
+    sources in a fixed priority order does not always yield the most precise
+    version (e.g. for Debian 8.2, or CentOS 7.1).
+
+    Some other distributions may not provide this kind of information. In these
+    cases, an empty string would be returned. This behavior can be observed
+    with rolling releases distributions (e.g. Arch Linux).
+
+    The *best* parameter can be used to control the approach for the returned
+    version:
+
+    If *best* is false, the first non-empty version number in priority order of
+    the examined sources is returned.
+
+    If *best* is true, the most precise version number out of all examined
+    sources is returned.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    In all cases, the version number is obtained from the following sources.
+    If *best* is false, this order represents the priority order:
+
+    * the value of the "VERSION_ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+    * the value of the "Release" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+    * the version number parsed from the "<version_id>" field of the first line
+      of the distro release file,
+    * the version number parsed from the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the
+      os-release file, if it follows the format of the distro release files.
+    * the version number parsed from the "Description" attribute returned by
+      the lsb_release command, if it follows the format of the distro release
+      files.
+    """
+    return _distro.version(pretty, best)
+
+
+def version_parts(best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(major, minor, build_number)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``build_number``:  The result of :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.version_parts(best)
+
+
+def major_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The major version is the first
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.major_version(best)
+
+
+def minor_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the minor version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The minor version is the second
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.minor_version(best)
+
+
+def build_number(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the build number of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The build number is the third part
+    of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.build_number(best)
+
+
+def like() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a space-separated list of distro IDs of distributions that are
+    closely related to the current OS distribution in regards to packaging
+    and programming interfaces, for example distributions the current
+    distribution is a derivative from.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    This information item is only provided by the os-release file.
+    For details, see the description of the "ID_LIKE" attribute in the
+    `os-release man page
+    <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_.
+    """
+    return _distro.like()
+
+
+def codename() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the codename for the release of the current OS distribution,
+    as a string.
+
+    If the distribution does not have a codename, an empty string is returned.
+
+    Note that the returned codename is not always really a codename. For
+    example, openSUSE returns "x86_64". This function does not handle such
+    cases in any special way and just returns the string it finds, if any.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    * the codename within the "VERSION" attribute of the os-release file, if
+      provided,
+
+    * the value of the "Codename" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the value of the "<codename>" field of the distro release file.
+    """
+    return _distro.codename()
+
+
+def info(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+    """
+    Return certain machine-readable information items about the current OS
+    distribution in a dictionary, as shown in the following example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        {
+            'id': 'rhel',
+            'version': '7.0',
+            'version_parts': {
+                'major': '7',
+                'minor': '0',
+                'build_number': ''
+            },
+            'like': 'fedora',
+            'codename': 'Maipo'
+        }
+
+    The dictionary structure and keys are always the same, regardless of which
+    information items are available in the underlying data sources. The values
+    for the various keys are as follows:
+
+    * ``id``:  The result of :func:`distro.id`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> build_number``:  The result of
+      :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    * ``like``:  The result of :func:`distro.like`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    For a description of the *pretty* and *best* parameters, see the
+    :func:`distro.version` method.
+    """
+    return _distro.info(pretty, best)
+
+
+def os_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the os-release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_info()
+
+
+def lsb_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the lsb_release command data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_info()
+
+
+def distro_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_info()
+
+
+def uname_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_info()
+
+
+def os_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the os-release file data source
+    of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def lsb_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command output
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def distro_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def uname_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+                The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_attr(attribute)
+
+
+try:
+    from functools import cached_property
+except ImportError:
+    # Python < 3.8
+    class cached_property:  # type: ignore
+        """A version of @property which caches the value.  On access, it calls the
+        underlying function and sets the value in `__dict__` so future accesses
+        will not re-call the property.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, f: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
+            self._fname = f.__name__
+            self._f = f
+
+        def __get__(self, obj: Any, owner: Type[Any]) -> Any:
+            assert obj is not None, f"call {self._fname} on an instance"
+            ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
+            return ret
+
+
+class LinuxDistribution:
+    """
+    Provides information about a OS distribution.
+
+    This package creates a private module-global instance of this class with
+    default initialization arguments, that is used by the
+    `consolidated accessor functions`_ and `single source accessor functions`_.
+    By using default initialization arguments, that module-global instance
+    returns data about the current OS distribution (i.e. the distro this
+    package runs on).
+
+    Normally, it is not necessary to create additional instances of this class.
+    However, in situations where control is needed over the exact data sources
+    that are used, instances of this class can be created with a specific
+    distro release file, or a specific os-release file, or without invoking the
+    lsb_release command.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        include_lsb: Optional[bool] = None,
+        os_release_file: str = "",
+        distro_release_file: str = "",
+        include_uname: Optional[bool] = None,
+        root_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        include_oslevel: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        The initialization method of this class gathers information from the
+        available data sources, and stores that in private instance attributes.
+        Subsequent access to the information items uses these private instance
+        attributes, so that the data sources are read only once.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): Controls whether the
+          `lsb_release command output`_ is included as a data source.
+
+          If the lsb_release command is not available in the program execution
+          path, the data source for the lsb_release command will be empty.
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause the default path name to
+          be used (see `os-release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified or defaulted os-release file does not exist, the
+          data source for the os-release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause a default search algorithm
+          to be used (see `distro release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified distro release file does not exist, or if no default
+          distro release file can be found, the data source for the distro
+          release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): Controls whether uname command output is
+          included as a data source. If the uname command is not available in
+          the program execution path the data source for the uname command will
+          be empty.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The absolute path to the root directory to use
+          to find distro-related information files. Note that ``include_*``
+          parameters must not be enabled in combination with ``root_dir``.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): Controls whether (AIX) oslevel command
+          output is included as a data source. If the oslevel command is not
+          available in the program execution path the data source will be
+          empty.
+
+        Public instance attributes:
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): The result of the ``include_lsb`` parameter.
+          This controls whether the lsb information will be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): The result of the ``include_uname``
+          parameter. This controls whether the uname information will
+          be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): The result of the ``include_oslevel``
+          parameter. This controls whether (AIX) oslevel information will be
+          loaded.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The result of the ``root_dir`` parameter.
+          The absolute path to the root directory to use to find distro-related
+          information files.
+
+        Raises:
+
+        * :py:exc:`ValueError`: Initialization parameters combination is not
+           supported.
+
+        * :py:exc:`OSError`: Some I/O issue with an os-release file or distro
+          release file.
+
+        * :py:exc:`UnicodeError`: A data source has unexpected characters or
+          uses an unexpected encoding.
+        """
+        self.root_dir = root_dir
+        self.etc_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, "etc") if root_dir else _UNIXCONFDIR
+        self.usr_lib_dir = (
+            os.path.join(root_dir, "usr/lib") if root_dir else _UNIXUSRLIBDIR
+        )
+
+        if os_release_file:
+            self.os_release_file = os_release_file
+        else:
+            etc_dir_os_release_file = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME)
+            usr_lib_os_release_file = os.path.join(
+                self.usr_lib_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME
+            )
+
+            # NOTE: The idea is to respect order **and** have it set
+            #       at all times for API backwards compatibility.
+            if os.path.isfile(etc_dir_os_release_file) or not os.path.isfile(
+                usr_lib_os_release_file
+            ):
+                self.os_release_file = etc_dir_os_release_file
+            else:
+                self.os_release_file = usr_lib_os_release_file
+
+        self.distro_release_file = distro_release_file or ""  # updated later
+
+        is_root_dir_defined = root_dir is not None
+        if is_root_dir_defined and (include_lsb or include_uname or include_oslevel):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Including subprocess data sources from specific root_dir is disallowed"
+                " to prevent false information"
+            )
+        self.include_lsb = (
+            include_lsb if include_lsb is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_uname = (
+            include_uname if include_uname is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_oslevel = (
+            include_oslevel if include_oslevel is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """Return repr of all info"""
+        return (
+            "LinuxDistribution("
+            "os_release_file={self.os_release_file!r}, "
+            "distro_release_file={self.distro_release_file!r}, "
+            "include_lsb={self.include_lsb!r}, "
+            "include_uname={self.include_uname!r}, "
+            "include_oslevel={self.include_oslevel!r}, "
+            "root_dir={self.root_dir!r}, "
+            "_os_release_info={self._os_release_info!r}, "
+            "_lsb_release_info={self._lsb_release_info!r}, "
+            "_distro_release_info={self._distro_release_info!r}, "
+            "_uname_info={self._uname_info!r}, "
+            "_oslevel_info={self._oslevel_info!r})".format(self=self)
+        )
+
+    def linux_distribution(
+        self, full_distribution_name: bool = True
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return information about the OS distribution that is compatible
+        with Python's :func:`platform.linux_distribution`, supporting a subset
+        of its parameters.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.linux_distribution`.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.name() if full_distribution_name else self.id(),
+            self.version(),
+            self._os_release_info.get("release_codename") or self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def id(self) -> str:
+        """Return the distro ID of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.id`.
+        """
+
+        def normalize(distro_id: str, table: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+            distro_id = distro_id.lower().replace(" ", "_")
+            return table.get(distro_id, distro_id)
+
+        distro_id = self.os_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_OS_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_LSB_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.distro_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.uname_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        return ""
+
+    def name(self, pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the name of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.name`.
+        """
+        name = (
+            self.os_release_attr("name")
+            or self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+            or self.distro_release_attr("name")
+            or self.uname_attr("name")
+        )
+        if pretty:
+            name = self.os_release_attr("pretty_name") or self.lsb_release_attr(
+                "description"
+            )
+            if not name:
+                name = self.distro_release_attr("name") or self.uname_attr("name")
+                version = self.version(pretty=True)
+                if version:
+                    name = f"{name} {version}"
+        return name or ""
+
+    def version(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version`.
+        """
+        versions = [
+            self.os_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self.lsb_release_attr("release"),
+            self.distro_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(self.os_release_attr("pretty_name")).get(
+                "version_id", ""
+            ),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(
+                self.lsb_release_attr("description")
+            ).get("version_id", ""),
+            self.uname_attr("release"),
+        ]
+        if self.uname_attr("id").startswith("aix"):
+            # On AIX platforms, prefer oslevel command output.
+            versions.insert(0, self.oslevel_info())
+        elif self.id() == "debian" or "debian" in self.like().split():
+            # On Debian-like, add debian_version file content to candidates list.
+            versions.append(self._debian_version)
+        version = ""
+        if best:
+            # This algorithm uses the last version in priority order that has
+            # the best precision. If the versions are not in conflict, that
+            # does not matter; otherwise, using the last one instead of the
+            # first one might be considered a surprise.
+            for v in versions:
+                if v.count(".") > version.count(".") or version == "":
+                    version = v
+        else:
+            for v in versions:
+                if v != "":
+                    version = v
+                    break
+        if pretty and version and self.codename():
+            version = f"{version} ({self.codename()})"
+        return version
+
+    def version_parts(self, best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a tuple of version
+        numbers.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version_parts`.
+        """
+        version_str = self.version(best=best)
+        if version_str:
+            version_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?\.?(\d+)?")
+            matches = version_regex.match(version_str)
+            if matches:
+                major, minor, build_number = matches.groups()
+                return major, minor or "", build_number or ""
+        return "", "", ""
+
+    def major_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the major version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.major_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[0]
+
+    def minor_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the minor version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[1]
+
+    def build_number(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the build number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.build_number`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[2]
+
+    def like(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the IDs of distributions that are like the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.like`.
+        """
+        return self.os_release_attr("id_like") or ""
+
+    def codename(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the codename of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.codename`.
+        """
+        try:
+            # Handle os_release specially since distros might purposefully set
+            # this to empty string to have no codename
+            return self._os_release_info["codename"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return (
+                self.lsb_release_attr("codename")
+                or self.distro_release_attr("codename")
+                or ""
+            )
+
+    def info(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+        """
+        Return certain machine-readable information about the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.info`.
+        """
+        return InfoDict(
+            id=self.id(),
+            version=self.version(pretty, best),
+            version_parts=VersionDict(
+                major=self.major_version(best),
+                minor=self.minor_version(best),
+                build_number=self.build_number(best),
+            ),
+            like=self.like(),
+            codename=self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the os-release file data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info
+
+    def lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the lsb_release command data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info
+
+    def distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the distro release file data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info
+
+    def uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the uname command data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_info`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info
+
+    def oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return AIX' oslevel command output.
+        """
+        return self._oslevel_info
+
+    def os_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the os-release file data
+        source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def lsb_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def distro_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+        data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def uname_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the uname command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified os-release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if os.path.isfile(self.os_release_file):
+            with open(self.os_release_file, encoding="utf-8") as release_file:
+                return self._parse_os_release_content(release_file)
+        return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_os_release_content(lines: TextIO) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the lines of an os-release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines in the os-release file.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        lexer = shlex.shlex(lines, posix=True)
+        lexer.whitespace_split = True
+
+        tokens = list(lexer)
+        for token in tokens:
+            # At this point, all shell-like parsing has been done (i.e.
+            # comments processed, quotes and backslash escape sequences
+            # processed, multi-line values assembled, trailing newlines
+            # stripped, etc.), so the tokens are now either:
+            # * variable assignments: var=value
+            # * commands or their arguments (not allowed in os-release)
+            # Ignore any tokens that are not variable assignments
+            if "=" in token:
+                k, v = token.split("=", 1)
+                props[k.lower()] = v
+
+        if "version" in props:
+            # extract release codename (if any) from version attribute
+            match = re.search(r"\((\D+)\)|,\s*(\D+)", props["version"])
+            if match:
+                release_codename = match.group(1) or match.group(2)
+                props["codename"] = props["release_codename"] = release_codename
+
+        if "version_codename" in props:
+            # os-release added a version_codename field.  Use that in
+            # preference to anything else Note that some distros purposefully
+            # do not have code names.  They should be setting
+            # version_codename=""
+            props["codename"] = props["version_codename"]
+        elif "ubuntu_codename" in props:
+            # Same as above but a non-standard field name used on older Ubuntus
+            props["codename"] = props["ubuntu_codename"]
+
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the lsb_release command output.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if not self.include_lsb:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("lsb_release", "-a")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        # Command not found or lsb_release returned error
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_lsb_release_content(content)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_lsb_release_content(lines: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the output of the lsb_release command.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines of the lsb_release output.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        for line in lines:
+            kv = line.strip("\n").split(":", 1)
+            if len(kv) != 2:
+                # Ignore lines without colon.
+                continue
+            k, v = kv
+            props.update({k.replace(" ", "_").lower(): v.strip()})
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.include_uname:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("uname", "-rs")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except OSError:
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_uname_content(content)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        if not self.include_oslevel:
+            return ""
+        try:
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output("oslevel", stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return ""
+        return self._to_str(stdout).strip()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _debian_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            with open(
+                os.path.join(self.etc_dir, "debian_version"), encoding="ascii"
+            ) as fp:
+                return fp.readline().rstrip()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_uname_content(lines: Sequence[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not lines:
+            return {}
+        props = {}
+        match = re.search(r"^([^\s]+)\s+([\d\.]+)", lines[0].strip())
+        if match:
+            name, version = match.groups()
+
+            # This is to prevent the Linux kernel version from
+            # appearing as the 'best' version on otherwise
+            # identifiable distributions.
+            if name == "Linux":
+                return {}
+            props["id"] = name.lower()
+            props["name"] = name
+            props["release"] = version
+        return props
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_str(bytestring: bytes) -> str:
+        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+        return bytestring.decode(encoding)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if self.distro_release_file:
+            # If it was specified, we use it and parse what we can, even if
+            # its file name or content does not match the expected pattern.
+            distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(self.distro_release_file)
+            basename = os.path.basename(self.distro_release_file)
+            # The file name pattern for user-specified distro release files
+            # is somewhat more tolerant (compared to when searching for the
+            # file), because we want to use what was specified as best as
+            # possible.
+            match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+        else:
+            try:
+                basenames = [
+                    basename
+                    for basename in os.listdir(self.etc_dir)
+                    if basename not in _DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES
+                    and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename))
+                ]
+                # We sort for repeatability in cases where there are multiple
+                # distro specific files; e.g. CentOS, Oracle, Enterprise all
+                # containing `redhat-release` on top of their own.
+                basenames.sort()
+            except OSError:
+                # This may occur when /etc is not readable but we can't be
+                # sure about the *-release files. Check common entries of
+                # /etc for information. If they turn out to not be there the
+                # error is handled in `_parse_distro_release_file()`.
+                basenames = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES
+            for basename in basenames:
+                match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+                if match is None:
+                    continue
+                filepath = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename)
+                distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(filepath)
+                # The name is always present if the pattern matches.
+                if "name" not in distro_info:
+                    continue
+                self.distro_release_file = filepath
+                break
+            else:  # the loop didn't "break": no candidate.
+                return {}
+
+        if match is not None:
+            distro_info["id"] = match.group(1)
+
+        # CloudLinux < 7: manually enrich info with proper id.
+        if "cloudlinux" in distro_info.get("name", "").lower():
+            distro_info["id"] = "cloudlinux"
+
+        return distro_info
+
+    def _parse_distro_release_file(self, filepath: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * filepath: Path name of the distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        try:
+            with open(filepath, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+                # Only parse the first line. For instance, on SLES there
+                # are multiple lines. We don't want them...
+                return self._parse_distro_release_content(fp.readline())
+        except OSError:
+            # Ignore not being able to read a specific, seemingly version
+            # related file.
+            # See https://github.com/python-distro/distro/issues/162
+            return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_distro_release_content(line: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a line from a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+        * line: Line from the distro release file. Must be a unicode string
+                or a UTF-8 encoded byte string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        matches = _DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN.match(line.strip()[::-1])
+        distro_info = {}
+        if matches:
+            # regexp ensures non-None
+            distro_info["name"] = matches.group(3)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(2):
+                distro_info["version_id"] = matches.group(2)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(1):
+                distro_info["codename"] = matches.group(1)[::-1]
+        elif line:
+            distro_info["name"] = line.strip()
+        return distro_info
+
+
+_distro = LinuxDistribution()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="OS distro info tool")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", "-j", help="Output in machine readable format", action="store_true"
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--root-dir",
+        "-r",
+        type=str,
+        dest="root_dir",
+        help="Path to the root filesystem directory (defaults to /)",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.root_dir:
+        dist = LinuxDistribution(
+            include_lsb=False,
+            include_uname=False,
+            include_oslevel=False,
+            root_dir=args.root_dir,
+        )
+    else:
+        dist = _distro
+
+    if args.json:
+        logger.info(json.dumps(dist.info(), indent=4, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        logger.info("Name: %s", dist.name(pretty=True))
+        distribution_version = dist.version(pretty=True)
+        logger.info("Version: %s", distribution_version)
+        distribution_codename = dist.codename()
+        logger.info("Codename: %s", distribution_codename)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a40eeaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from .package_data import __version__
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+__all__ = [
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c855a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+from .core import encode, decode, alabel, ulabel, IDNAError
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import Any, Tuple, Optional
+
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, data: str, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[bytes, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return '', 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[bytes, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return b'', 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = b''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = b'.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = b'.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_bytes = b'.'.join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_bytes, size
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data: Any, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return ('', 0)
+
+        if not isinstance(data, str):
+            data = str(data, 'ascii')
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def search_function(name: str) -> Optional[codecs.CodecInfo]:
+    if name != 'idna2008':
+        return None
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name=name,
+        encode=Codec().encode,
+        decode=Codec().decode,
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
+
+codecs.register(search_function)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..786e6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .core import *
+from .codec import *
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
+    return encode(label)
+
+def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    return decode(label)
+
+def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
+    raise NotImplementedError('IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol')
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dae61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+from . import idnadata
+import bisect
+import unicodedata
+import re
+from typing import Union, Optional
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b'xn--'
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """ Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems """
+    pass
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used """
+    pass
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp: int) -> int:
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0:
+        if not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown character in unicodedata')
+    return v
+
+def _is_script(cp: str, script: str) -> bool:
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+def _punycode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    return s.encode('punycode')
+
+def _unot(s: int) -> str:
+    return 'U+{:04X}'.format(s)
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label: Union[bytes, str]) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > 63:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def valid_string_length(label: Union[bytes, str], trailing_dot: bool) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > (254 if trailing_dot else 253):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def check_bidi(label: str, check_ltr: bool = False) -> bool:
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == '':
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError('Unknown directionality in label {} at position {}'.format(repr(label), idx))
+        if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN']:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in ['R', 'AL']:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == 'L':
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError('First codepoint in label {} must be directionality L, R or AL'.format(repr(label)))
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type = None  # type: Optional[str]
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if not direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a right-to-left label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'EN', 'AN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in ['AN', 'EN']:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                else:
+                    if number_type != direction:
+                        raise IDNABidiError('Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label')
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if not direction in ['L', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a left-to-right label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in ['L', 'EN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError('Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality')
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label: str) -> bool:
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == 'M':
+        raise IDNAError('Label begins with an illegal combining character')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label: str) -> bool:
+    if label[2:4] == '--':
+        raise IDNAError('Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position')
+    if label[0] == '-' or label[-1] == '-':
+        raise IDNAError('Label must not start or end with a hyphen')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label: str) -> None:
+    if unicodedata.normalize('NFC', label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError('Label must be in Normalization Form C')
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label: str, pos: int) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200c:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos-1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('L'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos+1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('R'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200d:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    else:
+
+        return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label: str, pos: int, exception: bool = False) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00b7:
+        if 0 < pos < len(label)-1:
+            if ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006c and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006c:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label)-1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], 'Greek')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x05f3 or cp_value == 0x05f4:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], 'Hebrew')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x30fb:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == '\u30fb':
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, 'Hiragana') or _is_script(cp, 'Katakana') or _is_script(cp, 'Han'):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x6f0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06f9:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    elif 0x6f0 <= cp_value <= 0x6f9:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode('utf-8')
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty Label')
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for (pos, cp) in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['PVALID']):
+            continue
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTJ']):
+            if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Joiner {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                    _unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTO']):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint('Codepoint {} at position {} of {} not allowed'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+        return label_bytes
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + _punycode(label)
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = label
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix):]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError('Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found')
+        if label_bytes.decode('ascii')[-1] == '-':
+            raise IDNAError('A-label must not end with a hyphen')
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode('ascii')
+
+    try:
+        label = label_bytes.decode('punycode')
+    except UnicodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid A-label')
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain: str, std3_rules: bool = True, transitional: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-map the characters in the string according to UTS46 processing."""
+    from .uts46data import uts46data
+    output = ''
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        try:
+            uts46row = uts46data[code_point if code_point < 256 else
+                bisect.bisect_left(uts46data, (code_point, 'Z')) - 1]
+            status = uts46row[1]
+            replacement = None  # type: Optional[str]
+            if len(uts46row) == 3:
+                replacement = uts46row[2]
+            if (status == 'V' or
+                    (status == 'D' and not transitional) or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules and replacement is None)):
+                output += char
+            elif replacement is not None and (status == 'M' or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules) or
+                    (status == 'D' and transitional)):
+                output += replacement
+            elif status != 'I':
+                raise IndexError()
+        except IndexError:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(
+                'Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                _unot(code_point), pos + 1, repr(domain)))
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize('NFC', output)
+
+
+def encode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False, transitional: bool = False) -> bytes:
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        try:
+            s = str(s, 'ascii')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise IDNAError('should pass a unicode string to the function rather than a byte string.')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if strict:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    else:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if labels[-1] == '':
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b'')
+    s = b'.'.join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError('Domain too long')
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False) -> str:
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(s, str):
+            s = str(s, 'ascii')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid ASCII in A-label')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if not strict:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    else:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = ulabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append('')
+    return '.'.join(result)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c61dcf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4245 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = '15.1.0'
+scripts = {
+    'Greek': (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37a0000037e,
+        0x37f00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038b,
+        0x38c0000038d,
+        0x38e000003a2,
+        0x3a3000003e2,
+        0x3f000000400,
+        0x1d2600001d2b,
+        0x1d5d00001d62,
+        0x1d6600001d6b,
+        0x1dbf00001dc0,
+        0x1f0000001f16,
+        0x1f1800001f1e,
+        0x1f2000001f46,
+        0x1f4800001f4e,
+        0x1f5000001f58,
+        0x1f5900001f5a,
+        0x1f5b00001f5c,
+        0x1f5d00001f5e,
+        0x1f5f00001f7e,
+        0x1f8000001fb5,
+        0x1fb600001fc5,
+        0x1fc600001fd4,
+        0x1fd600001fdc,
+        0x1fdd00001ff0,
+        0x1ff200001ff5,
+        0x1ff600001fff,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xab650000ab66,
+        0x101400001018f,
+        0x101a0000101a1,
+        0x1d2000001d246,
+    ),
+    'Han': (
+        0x2e8000002e9a,
+        0x2e9b00002ef4,
+        0x2f0000002fd6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302a,
+        0x30380000303c,
+        0x340000004dc0,
+        0x4e000000a000,
+        0xf9000000fa6e,
+        0xfa700000fada,
+        0x16fe200016fe4,
+        0x16ff000016ff2,
+        0x200000002a6e0,
+        0x2a7000002b73a,
+        0x2b7400002b81e,
+        0x2b8200002cea2,
+        0x2ceb00002ebe1,
+        0x2ebf00002ee5e,
+        0x2f8000002fa1e,
+        0x300000003134b,
+        0x31350000323b0,
+    ),
+    'Hebrew': (
+        0x591000005c8,
+        0x5d0000005eb,
+        0x5ef000005f5,
+        0xfb1d0000fb37,
+        0xfb380000fb3d,
+        0xfb3e0000fb3f,
+        0xfb400000fb42,
+        0xfb430000fb45,
+        0xfb460000fb50,
+    ),
+    'Hiragana': (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309d000030a0,
+        0x1b0010001b120,
+        0x1b1320001b133,
+        0x1b1500001b153,
+        0x1f2000001f201,
+    ),
+    'Katakana': (
+        0x30a1000030fb,
+        0x30fd00003100,
+        0x31f000003200,
+        0x32d0000032ff,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xff660000ff70,
+        0xff710000ff9e,
+        0x1aff00001aff4,
+        0x1aff50001affc,
+        0x1affd0001afff,
+        0x1b0000001b001,
+        0x1b1200001b123,
+        0x1b1550001b156,
+        0x1b1640001b168,
+    ),
+}
+joining_types = {
+    0xad: 84,
+    0x300: 84,
+    0x301: 84,
+    0x302: 84,
+    0x303: 84,
+    0x304: 84,
+    0x305: 84,
+    0x306: 84,
+    0x307: 84,
+    0x308: 84,
+    0x309: 84,
+    0x30a: 84,
+    0x30b: 84,
+    0x30c: 84,
+    0x30d: 84,
+    0x30e: 84,
+    0x30f: 84,
+    0x310: 84,
+    0x311: 84,
+    0x312: 84,
+    0x313: 84,
+    0x314: 84,
+    0x315: 84,
+    0x316: 84,
+    0x317: 84,
+    0x318: 84,
+    0x319: 84,
+    0x31a: 84,
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+    0x31c: 84,
+    0x31d: 84,
+    0x31e: 84,
+    0x31f: 84,
+    0x320: 84,
+    0x321: 84,
+    0x322: 84,
+    0x323: 84,
+    0x324: 84,
+    0x325: 84,
+    0x326: 84,
+    0x327: 84,
+    0x328: 84,
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+    0x32a: 84,
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+    0x32d: 84,
+    0x32e: 84,
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+    0x330: 84,
+    0x331: 84,
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+    0x333: 84,
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+    0x335: 84,
+    0x336: 84,
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+    0x33d: 84,
+    0x33e: 84,
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+    0x342: 84,
+    0x343: 84,
+    0x344: 84,
+    0x345: 84,
+    0x346: 84,
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+    0x355: 84,
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+    0x357: 84,
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+    0x620: 68,
+    0x622: 82,
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+    0xe01ee: 84,
+    0xe01ef: 84,
+}
+codepoint_classes = {
+    'PVALID': (
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+        0x300000003a,
+        0x610000007b,
+        0xdf000000f7,
+        0xf800000100,
+        0x10100000102,
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+        0x11300000114,
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+        0x1190000011a,
+        0x11b0000011c,
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+        0x12100000122,
+        0x12300000124,
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+        0x12700000128,
+        0x1290000012a,
+        0x12b0000012c,
+        0x12d0000012e,
+        0x12f00000130,
+        0x13100000132,
+        0x13500000136,
+        0x13700000139,
+        0x13a0000013b,
+        0x13c0000013d,
+        0x13e0000013f,
+        0x14200000143,
+        0x14400000145,
+        0x14600000147,
+        0x14800000149,
+        0x14b0000014c,
+        0x14d0000014e,
+        0x14f00000150,
+        0x15100000152,
+        0x15300000154,
+        0x15500000156,
+        0x15700000158,
+        0x1590000015a,
+        0x15b0000015c,
+        0x15d0000015e,
+        0x15f00000160,
+        0x16100000162,
+        0x16300000164,
+        0x16500000166,
+        0x16700000168,
+        0x1690000016a,
+        0x16b0000016c,
+        0x16d0000016e,
+        0x16f00000170,
+        0x17100000172,
+        0x17300000174,
+        0x17500000176,
+        0x17700000178,
+        0x17a0000017b,
+        0x17c0000017d,
+        0x17e0000017f,
+        0x18000000181,
+        0x18300000184,
+        0x18500000186,
+        0x18800000189,
+        0x18c0000018e,
+        0x19200000193,
+        0x19500000196,
+        0x1990000019c,
+        0x19e0000019f,
+        0x1a1000001a2,
+        0x1a3000001a4,
+        0x1a5000001a6,
+        0x1a8000001a9,
+        0x1aa000001ac,
+        0x1ad000001ae,
+        0x1b0000001b1,
+        0x1b4000001b5,
+        0x1b6000001b7,
+        0x1b9000001bc,
+        0x1bd000001c4,
+        0x1ce000001cf,
+        0x1d0000001d1,
+        0x1d2000001d3,
+        0x1d4000001d5,
+        0x1d6000001d7,
+        0x1d8000001d9,
+        0x1da000001db,
+        0x1dc000001de,
+        0x1df000001e0,
+        0x1e1000001e2,
+        0x1e3000001e4,
+        0x1e5000001e6,
+        0x1e7000001e8,
+        0x1e9000001ea,
+        0x1eb000001ec,
+        0x1ed000001ee,
+        0x1ef000001f1,
+        0x1f5000001f6,
+        0x1f9000001fa,
+        0x1fb000001fc,
+        0x1fd000001fe,
+        0x1ff00000200,
+        0x20100000202,
+        0x20300000204,
+        0x20500000206,
+        0x20700000208,
+        0x2090000020a,
+        0x20b0000020c,
+        0x20d0000020e,
+        0x20f00000210,
+        0x21100000212,
+        0x21300000214,
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+        0x21700000218,
+        0x2190000021a,
+        0x21b0000021c,
+        0x21d0000021e,
+        0x21f00000220,
+        0x22100000222,
+        0x22300000224,
+        0x22500000226,
+        0x22700000228,
+        0x2290000022a,
+        0x22b0000022c,
+        0x22d0000022e,
+        0x22f00000230,
+        0x23100000232,
+        0x2330000023a,
+        0x23c0000023d,
+        0x23f00000241,
+        0x24200000243,
+        0x24700000248,
+        0x2490000024a,
+        0x24b0000024c,
+        0x24d0000024e,
+        0x24f000002b0,
+        0x2b9000002c2,
+        0x2c6000002d2,
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+        0x2ee000002ef,
+        0x30000000340,
+        0x34200000343,
+        0x3460000034f,
+        0x35000000370,
+        0x37100000372,
+        0x37300000374,
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+        0x37b0000037e,
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+        0x3f3000003f4,
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+        0x3fb000003fd,
+        0x43000000460,
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+        0x46300000464,
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+        0xd8100000d84,
+        0xd8500000d97,
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a43b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i+1 < len(sorted_list):
+            if sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i+1]-1:
+                continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write+1:i+1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+def _encode_range(start: int, end: int) -> int:
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+def _decode_range(r: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_: int, ranges: Tuple[int, ...]) -> bool:
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos-1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed81113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__version__ = '3.7'
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a1eddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8598 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+# vim: set fileencoding=utf-8 :
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+
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+    (0x2F93A, 'M', '瘐'),
+    (0x2F93B, 'M', '𤾡'),
+    (0x2F93C, 'M', '𤾸'),
+    (0x2F93D, 'M', '𥁄'),
+    (0x2F93E, 'M', '㿼'),
+    (0x2F93F, 'M', '䀈'),
+    (0x2F940, 'M', '直'),
+    (0x2F941, 'M', '𥃳'),
+    (0x2F942, 'M', '𥃲'),
+    (0x2F943, 'M', '𥄙'),
+    (0x2F944, 'M', '𥄳'),
+    (0x2F945, 'M', '眞'),
+    (0x2F946, 'M', '真'),
+    (0x2F948, 'M', '睊'),
+    (0x2F949, 'M', '䀹'),
+    (0x2F94A, 'M', '瞋'),
+    (0x2F94B, 'M', '䁆'),
+    (0x2F94C, 'M', '䂖'),
+    (0x2F94D, 'M', '𥐝'),
+    (0x2F94E, 'M', '硎'),
+    (0x2F94F, 'M', '碌'),
+    (0x2F950, 'M', '磌'),
+    (0x2F951, 'M', '䃣'),
+    (0x2F952, 'M', '𥘦'),
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+    (0x2F954, 'M', '𥚚'),
+    (0x2F955, 'M', '𥛅'),
+    (0x2F956, 'M', '福'),
+    (0x2F957, 'M', '秫'),
+    (0x2F958, 'M', '䄯'),
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+    (0x2F95A, 'M', '穊'),
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+    (0x2F971, 'M', '䌴'),
+    (0x2F972, 'M', '𦈨'),
+    (0x2F973, 'M', '𦉇'),
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+    (0x2F975, 'M', '𦋙'),
+    (0x2F976, 'M', '罺'),
+    (0x2F977, 'M', '𦌾'),
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+    (0x2F97D, 'M', '聠'),
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+    (0x2F97F, 'M', '聰'),
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+    (0x2F981, 'M', '䏕'),
+    (0x2F982, 'M', '育'),
+    (0x2F983, 'M', '脃'),
+    (0x2F984, 'M', '䐋'),
+    (0x2F985, 'M', '脾'),
+    (0x2F986, 'M', '媵'),
+    (0x2F987, 'M', '𦞧'),
+    (0x2F988, 'M', '𦞵'),
+    (0x2F989, 'M', '𣎓'),
+    (0x2F98A, 'M', '𣎜'),
+    (0x2F98B, 'M', '舁'),
+    (0x2F98C, 'M', '舄'),
+    (0x2F98D, 'M', '辞'),
+    (0x2F98E, 'M', '䑫'),
+    (0x2F98F, 'M', '芑'),
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+    (0x2F991, 'M', '芝'),
+    (0x2F992, 'M', '劳'),
+    (0x2F993, 'M', '花'),
+    (0x2F994, 'M', '芳'),
+    (0x2F995, 'M', '芽'),
+    (0x2F996, 'M', '苦'),
+    (0x2F997, 'M', '𦬼'),
+    (0x2F998, 'M', '若'),
+    (0x2F999, 'M', '茝'),
+    (0x2F99A, 'M', '荣'),
+    (0x2F99B, 'M', '莭'),
+    (0x2F99C, 'M', '茣'),
+    (0x2F99D, 'M', '莽'),
+    (0x2F99E, 'M', '菧'),
+    (0x2F99F, 'M', '著'),
+    (0x2F9A0, 'M', '荓'),
+    (0x2F9A1, 'M', '菊'),
+    (0x2F9A2, 'M', '菌'),
+    (0x2F9A3, 'M', '菜'),
+    (0x2F9A4, 'M', '𦰶'),
+    (0x2F9A5, 'M', '𦵫'),
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+    (0x2F9A7, 'M', '䔫'),
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+    (0x2F9A9, 'M', '蓳'),
+    (0x2F9AA, 'M', '蔖'),
+    (0x2F9AB, 'M', '𧏊'),
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+    (0x2F9AD, 'M', '𦼬'),
+    (0x2F9AE, 'M', '䕝'),
+    (0x2F9AF, 'M', '䕡'),
+    (0x2F9B0, 'M', '𦾱'),
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+    (0x2F9BB, 'M', '蝹'),
+    (0x2F9BC, 'M', '蜨'),
+    (0x2F9BD, 'M', '蝫'),
+    (0x2F9BE, 'M', '螆'),
+    (0x2F9BF, 'X'),
+    (0x2F9C0, 'M', '蟡'),
+    (0x2F9C1, 'M', '蠁'),
+    (0x2F9C2, 'M', '䗹'),
+    (0x2F9C3, 'M', '衠'),
+    (0x2F9C4, 'M', '衣'),
+    (0x2F9C5, 'M', '𧙧'),
+    (0x2F9C6, 'M', '裗'),
+    (0x2F9C7, 'M', '裞'),
+    (0x2F9C8, 'M', '䘵'),
+    (0x2F9C9, 'M', '裺'),
+    (0x2F9CA, 'M', '㒻'),
+    (0x2F9CB, 'M', '𧢮'),
+    (0x2F9CC, 'M', '𧥦'),
+    (0x2F9CD, 'M', '䚾'),
+    (0x2F9CE, 'M', '䛇'),
+    (0x2F9CF, 'M', '誠'),
+    (0x2F9D0, 'M', '諭'),
+    (0x2F9D1, 'M', '變'),
+    (0x2F9D2, 'M', '豕'),
+    (0x2F9D3, 'M', '𧲨'),
+    (0x2F9D4, 'M', '貫'),
+    (0x2F9D5, 'M', '賁'),
+    (0x2F9D6, 'M', '贛'),
+    (0x2F9D7, 'M', '起'),
+    ]
+
+def _seg_81() -> List[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]]]:
+    return [
+    (0x2F9D8, 'M', '𧼯'),
+    (0x2F9D9, 'M', '𠠄'),
+    (0x2F9DA, 'M', '跋'),
+    (0x2F9DB, 'M', '趼'),
+    (0x2F9DC, 'M', '跰'),
+    (0x2F9DD, 'M', '𠣞'),
+    (0x2F9DE, 'M', '軔'),
+    (0x2F9DF, 'M', '輸'),
+    (0x2F9E0, 'M', '𨗒'),
+    (0x2F9E1, 'M', '𨗭'),
+    (0x2F9E2, 'M', '邔'),
+    (0x2F9E3, 'M', '郱'),
+    (0x2F9E4, 'M', '鄑'),
+    (0x2F9E5, 'M', '𨜮'),
+    (0x2F9E6, 'M', '鄛'),
+    (0x2F9E7, 'M', '鈸'),
+    (0x2F9E8, 'M', '鋗'),
+    (0x2F9E9, 'M', '鋘'),
+    (0x2F9EA, 'M', '鉼'),
+    (0x2F9EB, 'M', '鏹'),
+    (0x2F9EC, 'M', '鐕'),
+    (0x2F9ED, 'M', '𨯺'),
+    (0x2F9EE, 'M', '開'),
+    (0x2F9EF, 'M', '䦕'),
+    (0x2F9F0, 'M', '閷'),
+    (0x2F9F1, 'M', '𨵷'),
+    (0x2F9F2, 'M', '䧦'),
+    (0x2F9F3, 'M', '雃'),
+    (0x2F9F4, 'M', '嶲'),
+    (0x2F9F5, 'M', '霣'),
+    (0x2F9F6, 'M', '𩅅'),
+    (0x2F9F7, 'M', '𩈚'),
+    (0x2F9F8, 'M', '䩮'),
+    (0x2F9F9, 'M', '䩶'),
+    (0x2F9FA, 'M', '韠'),
+    (0x2F9FB, 'M', '𩐊'),
+    (0x2F9FC, 'M', '䪲'),
+    (0x2F9FD, 'M', '𩒖'),
+    (0x2F9FE, 'M', '頋'),
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+    (0x2FA01, 'M', '𩖶'),
+    (0x2FA02, 'M', '飢'),
+    (0x2FA03, 'M', '䬳'),
+    (0x2FA04, 'M', '餩'),
+    (0x2FA05, 'M', '馧'),
+    (0x2FA06, 'M', '駂'),
+    (0x2FA07, 'M', '駾'),
+    (0x2FA08, 'M', '䯎'),
+    (0x2FA09, 'M', '𩬰'),
+    (0x2FA0A, 'M', '鬒'),
+    (0x2FA0B, 'M', '鱀'),
+    (0x2FA0C, 'M', '鳽'),
+    (0x2FA0D, 'M', '䳎'),
+    (0x2FA0E, 'M', '䳭'),
+    (0x2FA0F, 'M', '鵧'),
+    (0x2FA10, 'M', '𪃎'),
+    (0x2FA11, 'M', '䳸'),
+    (0x2FA12, 'M', '𪄅'),
+    (0x2FA13, 'M', '𪈎'),
+    (0x2FA14, 'M', '𪊑'),
+    (0x2FA15, 'M', '麻'),
+    (0x2FA16, 'M', '䵖'),
+    (0x2FA17, 'M', '黹'),
+    (0x2FA18, 'M', '黾'),
+    (0x2FA19, 'M', '鼅'),
+    (0x2FA1A, 'M', '鼏'),
+    (0x2FA1B, 'M', '鼖'),
+    (0x2FA1C, 'M', '鼻'),
+    (0x2FA1D, 'M', '𪘀'),
+    (0x2FA1E, 'X'),
+    (0x30000, 'V'),
+    (0x3134B, 'X'),
+    (0x31350, 'V'),
+    (0x323B0, 'X'),
+    (0xE0100, 'I'),
+    (0xE01F0, 'X'),
+    ]
+
+uts46data = tuple(
+    _seg_0()
+    + _seg_1()
+    + _seg_2()
+    + _seg_3()
+    + _seg_4()
+    + _seg_5()
+    + _seg_6()
+    + _seg_7()
+    + _seg_8()
+    + _seg_9()
+    + _seg_10()
+    + _seg_11()
+    + _seg_12()
+    + _seg_13()
+    + _seg_14()
+    + _seg_15()
+    + _seg_16()
+    + _seg_17()
+    + _seg_18()
+    + _seg_19()
+    + _seg_20()
+    + _seg_21()
+    + _seg_22()
+    + _seg_23()
+    + _seg_24()
+    + _seg_25()
+    + _seg_26()
+    + _seg_27()
+    + _seg_28()
+    + _seg_29()
+    + _seg_30()
+    + _seg_31()
+    + _seg_32()
+    + _seg_33()
+    + _seg_34()
+    + _seg_35()
+    + _seg_36()
+    + _seg_37()
+    + _seg_38()
+    + _seg_39()
+    + _seg_40()
+    + _seg_41()
+    + _seg_42()
+    + _seg_43()
+    + _seg_44()
+    + _seg_45()
+    + _seg_46()
+    + _seg_47()
+    + _seg_48()
+    + _seg_49()
+    + _seg_50()
+    + _seg_51()
+    + _seg_52()
+    + _seg_53()
+    + _seg_54()
+    + _seg_55()
+    + _seg_56()
+    + _seg_57()
+    + _seg_58()
+    + _seg_59()
+    + _seg_60()
+    + _seg_61()
+    + _seg_62()
+    + _seg_63()
+    + _seg_64()
+    + _seg_65()
+    + _seg_66()
+    + _seg_67()
+    + _seg_68()
+    + _seg_69()
+    + _seg_70()
+    + _seg_71()
+    + _seg_72()
+    + _seg_73()
+    + _seg_74()
+    + _seg_75()
+    + _seg_76()
+    + _seg_77()
+    + _seg_78()
+    + _seg_79()
+    + _seg_80()
+    + _seg_81()
+)  # type: Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]], ...]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..919b86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from .exceptions import *
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+import os
+
+
+version = (1, 0, 8)
+__version__ = "1.0.8"
+
+
+if os.environ.get("MSGPACK_PUREPYTHON"):
+    from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+else:
+    try:
+        from ._cmsgpack import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+    except ImportError:
+        from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+
+
+def pack(o, stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and write it to `stream`
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    packer = Packer(**kwargs)
+    stream.write(packer.pack(o))
+
+
+def packb(o, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and return packed bytes
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    return Packer(**kwargs).pack(o)
+
+
+def unpack(stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `stream`.
+
+    Raises `ExtraData` when `stream` contains extra bytes.
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    data = stream.read()
+    return unpackb(data, **kwargs)
+
+
+# alias for compatibility to simplejson/marshal/pickle.
+load = unpack
+loads = unpackb
+
+dump = pack
+dumps = packb
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/ext.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/ext.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d2615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+class UnpackException(Exception):
+    """Base class for some exceptions raised while unpacking.
+
+    NOTE: unpack may raise exception other than subclass of
+    UnpackException.  If you want to catch all error, catch
+    Exception instead.
+    """
+
+
+class BufferFull(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class OutOfData(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class FormatError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Invalid msgpack format"""
+
+
+class StackError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Too nested"""
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use ValueError instead
+UnpackValueError = ValueError
+
+
+class ExtraData(UnpackValueError):
+    """ExtraData is raised when there is trailing data.
+
+    This exception is raised while only one-shot (not streaming)
+    unpack.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, unpacked, extra):
+        self.unpacked = unpacked
+        self.extra = extra
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "unpack(b) received extra data."
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use Exception instead to catch all exception during packing.
+PackException = Exception
+PackValueError = ValueError
+PackOverflowError = OverflowError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02c2c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+from collections import namedtuple
+import datetime
+import struct
+
+
+class ExtType(namedtuple("ExtType", "code data")):
+    """ExtType represents ext type in msgpack."""
+
+    def __new__(cls, code, data):
+        if not isinstance(code, int):
+            raise TypeError("code must be int")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must be bytes")
+        if not 0 <= code <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("code must be 0~127")
+        return super().__new__(cls, code, data)
+
+
+class Timestamp:
+    """Timestamp represents the Timestamp extension type in msgpack.
+
+    When built with Cython, msgpack uses C methods to pack and unpack `Timestamp`.
+    When using pure-Python msgpack, :func:`to_bytes` and :func:`from_bytes` are used to pack and
+    unpack `Timestamp`.
+
+    This class is immutable: Do not override seconds and nanoseconds.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["seconds", "nanoseconds"]
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds, nanoseconds=0):
+        """Initialize a Timestamp object.
+
+        :param int seconds:
+            Number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (00:00:00 UTC Jan 1 1970, minus leap seconds).
+            May be negative.
+
+        :param int nanoseconds:
+            Number of nanoseconds to add to `seconds` to get fractional time.
+            Maximum is 999_999_999.  Default is 0.
+
+        Note: Negative times (before the UNIX epoch) are represented as neg. seconds + pos. ns.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(seconds, int):
+            raise TypeError("seconds must be an integer")
+        if not isinstance(nanoseconds, int):
+            raise TypeError("nanoseconds must be an integer")
+        if not (0 <= nanoseconds < 10**9):
+            raise ValueError("nanoseconds must be a non-negative integer less than 999999999.")
+        self.seconds = seconds
+        self.nanoseconds = nanoseconds
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """String representation of Timestamp."""
+        return f"Timestamp(seconds={self.seconds}, nanoseconds={self.nanoseconds})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check for equality with another Timestamp object"""
+        if type(other) is self.__class__:
+            return self.seconds == other.seconds and self.nanoseconds == other.nanoseconds
+        return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """not-equals method (see :func:`__eq__()`)"""
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.seconds, self.nanoseconds))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(b):
+        """Unpack bytes into a `Timestamp` object.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack unpacking.
+
+        :param b: Payload from msgpack ext message with code -1
+        :type b: bytes
+
+        :returns: Timestamp object unpacked from msgpack ext payload
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        if len(b) == 4:
+            seconds = struct.unpack("!L", b)[0]
+            nanoseconds = 0
+        elif len(b) == 8:
+            data64 = struct.unpack("!Q", b)[0]
+            seconds = data64 & 0x00000003FFFFFFFF
+            nanoseconds = data64 >> 34
+        elif len(b) == 12:
+            nanoseconds, seconds = struct.unpack("!Iq", b)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timestamp type can only be created from 32, 64, or 96-bit byte objects"
+            )
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_bytes(self):
+        """Pack this Timestamp object into bytes.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack packing.
+
+        :returns data: Payload for EXT message with code -1 (timestamp type)
+        :rtype: bytes
+        """
+        if (self.seconds >> 34) == 0:  # seconds is non-negative and fits in 34 bits
+            data64 = self.nanoseconds << 34 | self.seconds
+            if data64 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000 == 0:
+                # nanoseconds is zero and seconds < 2**32, so timestamp 32
+                data = struct.pack("!L", data64)
+            else:
+                # timestamp 64
+                data = struct.pack("!Q", data64)
+        else:
+            # timestamp 96
+            data = struct.pack("!Iq", self.nanoseconds, self.seconds)
+        return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix(unix_sec):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in seconds.
+
+        :param unix_float: Posix timestamp in seconds.
+        :type unix_float: int or float
+        """
+        seconds = int(unix_sec // 1)
+        nanoseconds = int((unix_sec % 1) * 10**9)
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_unix(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a floating-point value.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        return self.seconds + self.nanoseconds / 1e9
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix_nano(unix_ns):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+
+        :param int unix_ns: Posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp(*divmod(unix_ns, 10**9))
+
+    def to_unix_nano(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a unixtime in nanoseconds.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp in nanoseconds
+        :rtype: int
+        """
+        return self.seconds * 10**9 + self.nanoseconds
+
+    def to_datetime(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a UTC datetime.
+
+        :rtype: `datetime.datetime`
+        """
+        utc = datetime.timezone.utc
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, utc) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=self.to_unix())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_datetime(dt):
+        """Create a Timestamp from datetime with tzinfo.
+
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp.from_unix(dt.timestamp())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a174162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,951 @@
+"""Fallback pure Python implementation of msgpack"""
+from datetime import datetime as _DateTime
+import sys
+import struct
+
+
+if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
+    # StringIO is slow on PyPy, StringIO is faster.  However: PyPy's own
+    # StringBuilder is fastest.
+    from __pypy__ import newlist_hint
+
+    try:
+        from __pypy__.builders import BytesBuilder as StringBuilder
+    except ImportError:
+        from __pypy__.builders import StringBuilder
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = True
+
+    class StringIO:
+        def __init__(self, s=b""):
+            if s:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder(len(s))
+                self.builder.append(s)
+            else:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder()
+
+        def write(self, s):
+            if isinstance(s, memoryview):
+                s = s.tobytes()
+            elif isinstance(s, bytearray):
+                s = bytes(s)
+            self.builder.append(s)
+
+        def getvalue(self):
+            return self.builder.build()
+
+else:
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = False
+    from io import BytesIO as StringIO
+
+    newlist_hint = lambda size: []
+
+
+from .exceptions import BufferFull, OutOfData, ExtraData, FormatError, StackError
+
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+
+EX_SKIP = 0
+EX_CONSTRUCT = 1
+EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER = 2
+EX_READ_MAP_HEADER = 3
+
+TYPE_IMMEDIATE = 0
+TYPE_ARRAY = 1
+TYPE_MAP = 2
+TYPE_RAW = 3
+TYPE_BIN = 4
+TYPE_EXT = 5
+
+DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT = 511
+
+
+def _check_type_strict(obj, t, type=type, tuple=tuple):
+    if type(t) is tuple:
+        return type(obj) in t
+    else:
+        return type(obj) is t
+
+
+def _get_data_from_buffer(obj):
+    view = memoryview(obj)
+    if view.itemsize != 1:
+        raise ValueError("cannot unpack from multi-byte object")
+    return view
+
+
+def unpackb(packed, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `packed`.
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``ValueError`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    unpacker = Unpacker(None, max_buffer_size=len(packed), **kwargs)
+    unpacker.feed(packed)
+    try:
+        ret = unpacker._unpack()
+    except OutOfData:
+        raise ValueError("Unpack failed: incomplete input")
+    except RecursionError:
+        raise StackError
+    if unpacker._got_extradata():
+        raise ExtraData(ret, unpacker._get_extradata())
+    return ret
+
+
+_NO_FORMAT_USED = ""
+_MSGPACK_HEADERS = {
+    0xC4: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC5: (2, ">H", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC6: (4, ">I", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC7: (2, "Bb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC8: (3, ">Hb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC9: (5, ">Ib", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xCA: (4, ">f"),
+    0xCB: (8, ">d"),
+    0xCC: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED),
+    0xCD: (2, ">H"),
+    0xCE: (4, ">I"),
+    0xCF: (8, ">Q"),
+    0xD0: (1, "b"),
+    0xD1: (2, ">h"),
+    0xD2: (4, ">i"),
+    0xD3: (8, ">q"),
+    0xD4: (1, "b1s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD5: (2, "b2s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD6: (4, "b4s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD7: (8, "b8s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD8: (16, "b16s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD9: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDA: (2, ">H", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDB: (4, ">I", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDC: (2, ">H", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDD: (4, ">I", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDE: (2, ">H", TYPE_MAP),
+    0xDF: (4, ">I", TYPE_MAP),
+}
+
+
+class Unpacker:
+    """Streaming unpacker.
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    :param file_like:
+        File-like object having `.read(n)` method.
+        If specified, unpacker reads serialized data from it and `.feed()` is not usable.
+
+    :param int read_size:
+        Used as `file_like.read(read_size)`. (default: `min(16*1024, max_buffer_size)`)
+
+    :param bool use_list:
+        If true, unpack msgpack array to Python list.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python tuple. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool raw:
+        If true, unpack msgpack raw to Python bytes.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python str by decoding with UTF-8 encoding (default).
+
+    :param int timestamp:
+        Control how timestamp type is unpacked:
+
+            0 - Timestamp
+            1 - float  (Seconds from the EPOCH)
+            2 - int  (Nanoseconds from the EPOCH)
+            3 - datetime.datetime  (UTC).
+
+    :param bool strict_map_key:
+        If true (default), only str or bytes are accepted for map (dict) keys.
+
+    :param object_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a dict argument after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param object_pairs_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a list of key-value pairs after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for decoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        This option should be used only when you have msgpack data which
+        contains invalid UTF-8 string.
+
+    :param int max_buffer_size:
+        Limits size of data waiting unpacked.  0 means 2**32-1.
+        The default value is 100*1024*1024 (100MiB).
+        Raises `BufferFull` exception when it is insufficient.
+        You should set this parameter when unpacking data from untrusted source.
+
+    :param int max_str_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of str. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_bin_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of bin. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_array_len:
+        Limits max length of array.
+        (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_map_len:
+        Limits max length of map.
+        (default: max_buffer_size//2)
+
+    :param int max_ext_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max size of ext type.  (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_like=None,
+        read_size=0,
+        use_list=True,
+        raw=False,
+        timestamp=0,
+        strict_map_key=True,
+        object_hook=None,
+        object_pairs_hook=None,
+        list_hook=None,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+        max_buffer_size=100 * 1024 * 1024,
+        ext_hook=ExtType,
+        max_str_len=-1,
+        max_bin_len=-1,
+        max_array_len=-1,
+        max_map_len=-1,
+        max_ext_len=-1,
+    ):
+        if unicode_errors is None:
+            unicode_errors = "strict"
+
+        if file_like is None:
+            self._feeding = True
+        else:
+            if not callable(file_like.read):
+                raise TypeError("`file_like.read` must be callable")
+            self.file_like = file_like
+            self._feeding = False
+
+        #: array of bytes fed.
+        self._buffer = bytearray()
+        #: Which position we currently reads
+        self._buff_i = 0
+
+        # When Unpacker is used as an iterable, between the calls to next(),
+        # the buffer is not "consumed" completely, for efficiency sake.
+        # Instead, it is done sloppily.  To make sure we raise BufferFull at
+        # the correct moments, we have to keep track of how sloppy we were.
+        # Furthermore, when the buffer is incomplete (that is: in the case
+        # we raise an OutOfData) we need to rollback the buffer to the correct
+        # state, which _buf_checkpoint records.
+        self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        if not max_buffer_size:
+            max_buffer_size = 2**31 - 1
+        if max_str_len == -1:
+            max_str_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_bin_len == -1:
+            max_bin_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_array_len == -1:
+            max_array_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_map_len == -1:
+            max_map_len = max_buffer_size // 2
+        if max_ext_len == -1:
+            max_ext_len = max_buffer_size
+
+        self._max_buffer_size = max_buffer_size
+        if read_size > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise ValueError("read_size must be smaller than max_buffer_size")
+        self._read_size = read_size or min(self._max_buffer_size, 16 * 1024)
+        self._raw = bool(raw)
+        self._strict_map_key = bool(strict_map_key)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors
+        self._use_list = use_list
+        if not (0 <= timestamp <= 3):
+            raise ValueError("timestamp must be 0..3")
+        self._timestamp = timestamp
+        self._list_hook = list_hook
+        self._object_hook = object_hook
+        self._object_pairs_hook = object_pairs_hook
+        self._ext_hook = ext_hook
+        self._max_str_len = max_str_len
+        self._max_bin_len = max_bin_len
+        self._max_array_len = max_array_len
+        self._max_map_len = max_map_len
+        self._max_ext_len = max_ext_len
+        self._stream_offset = 0
+
+        if list_hook is not None and not callable(list_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`list_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and not callable(object_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_pairs_hook is not None and not callable(object_pairs_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_pairs_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and object_pairs_hook is not None:
+            raise TypeError("object_pairs_hook and object_hook are mutually exclusive")
+        if not callable(ext_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`ext_hook` is not callable")
+
+    def feed(self, next_bytes):
+        assert self._feeding
+        view = _get_data_from_buffer(next_bytes)
+        if len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i + len(view) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Use extend here: INPLACE_ADD += doesn't reliably typecast memoryview in jython
+        self._buffer.extend(view)
+
+    def _consume(self):
+        """Gets rid of the used parts of the buffer."""
+        self._stream_offset += self._buff_i - self._buf_checkpoint
+        self._buf_checkpoint = self._buff_i
+
+    def _got_extradata(self):
+        return self._buff_i < len(self._buffer)
+
+    def _get_extradata(self):
+        return self._buffer[self._buff_i :]
+
+    def read_bytes(self, n):
+        ret = self._read(n, raise_outofdata=False)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def _read(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        # (int) -> bytearray
+        self._reserve(n, raise_outofdata=raise_outofdata)
+        i = self._buff_i
+        ret = self._buffer[i : i + n]
+        self._buff_i = i + len(ret)
+        return ret
+
+    def _reserve(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        remain_bytes = len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i - n
+
+        # Fast path: buffer has n bytes already
+        if remain_bytes >= 0:
+            return
+
+        if self._feeding:
+            self._buff_i = self._buf_checkpoint
+            raise OutOfData
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Read from file
+        remain_bytes = -remain_bytes
+        if remain_bytes + len(self._buffer) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+        while remain_bytes > 0:
+            to_read_bytes = max(self._read_size, remain_bytes)
+            read_data = self.file_like.read(to_read_bytes)
+            if not read_data:
+                break
+            assert isinstance(read_data, bytes)
+            self._buffer += read_data
+            remain_bytes -= len(read_data)
+
+        if len(self._buffer) < n + self._buff_i and raise_outofdata:
+            self._buff_i = 0  # rollback
+            raise OutOfData
+
+    def _read_header(self):
+        typ = TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        n = 0
+        obj = None
+        self._reserve(1)
+        b = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+        self._buff_i += 1
+        if b & 0b10000000 == 0:
+            obj = b
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b11100000:
+            obj = -1 - (b ^ 0xFF)
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b10100000:
+            n = b & 0b00011111
+            typ = TYPE_RAW
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_str_len({self._max_str_len})")
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10010000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_ARRAY
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_array_len({self._max_array_len})")
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10000000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_MAP
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_map_len({self._max_map_len})")
+        elif b == 0xC0:
+            obj = None
+        elif b == 0xC2:
+            obj = False
+        elif b == 0xC3:
+            obj = True
+        elif 0xC4 <= b <= 0xC6:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                n = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_bin_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_bin_len({self._max_bin_len})")
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xC7 <= b <= 0xC9:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            L, n = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if L > self._max_ext_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{L} exceeds max_ext_len({self._max_ext_len})")
+            obj = self._read(L)
+        elif 0xCA <= b <= 0xD3:
+            size, fmt = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                obj = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                obj = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+        elif 0xD4 <= b <= 0xD8:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            if self._max_ext_len < size:
+                raise ValueError(f"{size} exceeds max_ext_len({self._max_ext_len})")
+            self._reserve(size + 1)
+            n, obj = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size + 1
+        elif 0xD9 <= b <= 0xDB:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                (n,) = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_str_len({self._max_str_len})")
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xDC <= b <= 0xDD:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_array_len({self._max_array_len})")
+        elif 0xDE <= b <= 0xDF:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = struct.unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError(f"{n} exceeds max_map_len({self._max_map_len})")
+        else:
+            raise FormatError("Unknown header: 0x%x" % b)
+        return typ, n, obj
+
+    def _unpack(self, execute=EX_CONSTRUCT):
+        typ, n, obj = self._read_header()
+
+        if execute == EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_ARRAY:
+                raise ValueError("Expected array")
+            return n
+        if execute == EX_READ_MAP_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_MAP:
+                raise ValueError("Expected map")
+            return n
+        # TODO should we eliminate the recursion?
+        if typ == TYPE_ARRAY:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in range(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call `list_hook`
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            ret = newlist_hint(n)
+            for i in range(n):
+                ret.append(self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT))
+            if self._list_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._list_hook(ret)
+            # TODO is the interaction between `list_hook` and `use_list` ok?
+            return ret if self._use_list else tuple(ret)
+        if typ == TYPE_MAP:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in range(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call hooks
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            if self._object_pairs_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._object_pairs_hook(
+                    (self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT), self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)) for _ in range(n)
+                )
+            else:
+                ret = {}
+                for _ in range(n):
+                    key = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                    if self._strict_map_key and type(key) not in (str, bytes):
+                        raise ValueError("%s is not allowed for map key" % str(type(key)))
+                    if isinstance(key, str):
+                        key = sys.intern(key)
+                    ret[key] = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                if self._object_hook is not None:
+                    ret = self._object_hook(ret)
+            return ret
+        if execute == EX_SKIP:
+            return
+        if typ == TYPE_RAW:
+            if self._raw:
+                obj = bytes(obj)
+            else:
+                obj = obj.decode("utf_8", self._unicode_errors)
+            return obj
+        if typ == TYPE_BIN:
+            return bytes(obj)
+        if typ == TYPE_EXT:
+            if n == -1:  # timestamp
+                ts = Timestamp.from_bytes(bytes(obj))
+                if self._timestamp == 1:
+                    return ts.to_unix()
+                elif self._timestamp == 2:
+                    return ts.to_unix_nano()
+                elif self._timestamp == 3:
+                    return ts.to_datetime()
+                else:
+                    return ts
+            else:
+                return self._ext_hook(n, bytes(obj))
+        assert typ == TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        return obj
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+            self._consume()
+            return ret
+        except OutOfData:
+            self._consume()
+            raise StopIteration
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+
+    next = __next__
+
+    def skip(self):
+        self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+        self._consume()
+
+    def unpack(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_array_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_map_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_MAP_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def tell(self):
+        return self._stream_offset
+
+
+class Packer:
+    """
+    MessagePack Packer
+
+    Usage::
+
+        packer = Packer()
+        astream.write(packer.pack(a))
+        astream.write(packer.pack(b))
+
+    Packer's constructor has some keyword arguments:
+
+    :param default:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Convert user type to builtin type that Packer supports.
+        See also simplejson's document.
+
+    :param bool use_single_float:
+        Use single precision float type for float. (default: False)
+
+    :param bool autoreset:
+        Reset buffer after each pack and return its content as `bytes`. (default: True).
+        If set this to false, use `bytes()` to get content and `.reset()` to clear buffer.
+
+    :param bool use_bin_type:
+        Use bin type introduced in msgpack spec 2.0 for bytes.
+        It also enables str8 type for unicode. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool strict_types:
+        If set to true, types will be checked to be exact. Derived classes
+        from serializable types will not be serialized and will be
+        treated as unsupported type and forwarded to default.
+        Additionally tuples will not be serialized as lists.
+        This is useful when trying to implement accurate serialization
+        for python types.
+
+    :param bool datetime:
+        If set to true, datetime with tzinfo is packed into Timestamp type.
+        Note that the tzinfo is stripped in the timestamp.
+        You can get UTC datetime with `timestamp=3` option of the Unpacker.
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for encoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        DO NOT USE THIS!!  This option is kept for very specific usage.
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default=None,
+        use_single_float=False,
+        autoreset=True,
+        use_bin_type=True,
+        strict_types=False,
+        datetime=False,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+    ):
+        self._strict_types = strict_types
+        self._use_float = use_single_float
+        self._autoreset = autoreset
+        self._use_bin_type = use_bin_type
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+        self._datetime = bool(datetime)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors or "strict"
+        if default is not None:
+            if not callable(default):
+                raise TypeError("default must be callable")
+        self._default = default
+
+    def _pack(
+        self,
+        obj,
+        nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT,
+        check=isinstance,
+        check_type_strict=_check_type_strict,
+    ):
+        default_used = False
+        if self._strict_types:
+            check = check_type_strict
+            list_types = list
+        else:
+            list_types = (list, tuple)
+        while True:
+            if nest_limit < 0:
+                raise ValueError("recursion limit exceeded")
+            if obj is None:
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc0")
+            if check(obj, bool):
+                if obj:
+                    return self._buffer.write(b"\xc3")
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc2")
+            if check(obj, int):
+                if 0 <= obj < 0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", obj))
+                if -0x20 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", obj))
+                if 0x80 <= obj <= 0xFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("BB", 0xCC, obj))
+                if -0x80 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bb", 0xD0, obj))
+                if 0xFF < obj <= 0xFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xCD, obj))
+                if -0x8000 <= obj < -0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bh", 0xD1, obj))
+                if 0xFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xCE, obj))
+                if -0x80000000 <= obj < -0x8000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bi", 0xD2, obj))
+                if 0xFFFFFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BQ", 0xCF, obj))
+                if -0x8000000000000000 <= obj < -0x80000000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bq", 0xD3, obj))
+                if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                    obj = self._default(obj)
+                    default_used = True
+                    continue
+                raise OverflowError("Integer value out of range")
+            if check(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("%s is too large" % type(obj).__name__)
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, str):
+                obj = obj.encode("utf-8", self._unicode_errors)
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("String is too large")
+                self._pack_raw_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, memoryview):
+                n = obj.nbytes
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("Memoryview is too large")
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, float):
+                if self._use_float:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bf", 0xCA, obj))
+                return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bd", 0xCB, obj))
+            if check(obj, (ExtType, Timestamp)):
+                if check(obj, Timestamp):
+                    code = -1
+                    data = obj.to_bytes()
+                else:
+                    code = obj.code
+                    data = obj.data
+                assert isinstance(code, int)
+                assert isinstance(data, bytes)
+                L = len(data)
+                if L == 1:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+                elif L == 2:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+                elif L == 4:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+                elif L == 8:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+                elif L == 16:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+                elif L <= 0xFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC7, L))
+                elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC8, L))
+                else:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC9, L))
+                self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", code))
+                self._buffer.write(data)
+                return
+            if check(obj, list_types):
+                n = len(obj)
+                self._pack_array_header(n)
+                for i in range(n):
+                    self._pack(obj[i], nest_limit - 1)
+                return
+            if check(obj, dict):
+                return self._pack_map_pairs(len(obj), obj.items(), nest_limit - 1)
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime) and obj.tzinfo is not None:
+                obj = Timestamp.from_datetime(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                obj = self._default(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime):
+                raise ValueError(f"Cannot serialize {obj!r} where tzinfo=None")
+
+            raise TypeError(f"Cannot serialize {obj!r}")
+
+    def pack(self, obj):
+        try:
+            self._pack(obj)
+        except:
+            self._buffer = StringIO()  # force reset
+            raise
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_pairs(self, pairs):
+        self._pack_map_pairs(len(pairs), pairs)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_array_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_ext_type(self, typecode, data):
+        if not isinstance(typecode, int):
+            raise TypeError("typecode must have int type.")
+        if not 0 <= typecode <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("typecode should be 0-127")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must have bytes type")
+        L = len(data)
+        if L > 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            raise ValueError("Too large data")
+        if L == 1:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+        elif L == 2:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+        elif L == 4:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+        elif L == 8:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+        elif L == 16:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+        elif L <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc7" + struct.pack("B", L))
+        elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc8" + struct.pack(">H", L))
+        else:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc9" + struct.pack(">I", L))
+        self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", typecode))
+        self._buffer.write(data)
+
+    def _pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x90 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDC, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDD, n))
+        raise ValueError("Array is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x80 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDE, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDF, n))
+        raise ValueError("Dict is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_pairs(self, n, pairs, nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT):
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        for k, v in pairs:
+            self._pack(k, nest_limit - 1)
+            self._pack(v, nest_limit - 1)
+
+    def _pack_raw_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x1F:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0xA0 + n))
+        elif self._use_bin_type and n <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xD9, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDA, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDB, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Raw is too large")
+
+    def _pack_bin_header(self, n):
+        if not self._use_bin_type:
+            return self._pack_raw_header(n)
+        elif n <= 0xFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC4, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC5, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC6, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Bin is too large")
+
+    def bytes(self):
+        """Return internal buffer contents as bytes object"""
+        return self._buffer.getvalue()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset internal buffer.
+
+        This method is useful only when autoreset=False.
+        """
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+
+    def getbuffer(self):
+        """Return view of internal buffer."""
+        if USING_STRINGBUILDER:
+            return memoryview(self.bytes())
+        else:
+            return self._buffer.getbuffer()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ba41d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+__title__ = "packaging"
+__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"
+
+__version__ = "24.1"
+
+__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
+__email__ = "donald@stufft.io"
+
+__license__ = "BSD-2-Clause or Apache-2.0"
+__copyright__ = "2014 %s" % __author__
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_elffile.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_elffile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7a0218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_elffile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""
+ELF file parser.
+
+This provides a class ``ELFFile`` that parses an ELF executable in a similar
+interface to ``ZipFile``. Only the read interface is implemented.
+
+Based on: https://gist.github.com/lyssdod/f51579ae8d93c8657a5564aefc2ffbca
+ELF header: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/elf/gabi4+/ch4.eheader.html
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import os
+import struct
+from typing import IO
+
+
+class ELFInvalid(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class EIClass(enum.IntEnum):
+    C32 = 1
+    C64 = 2
+
+
+class EIData(enum.IntEnum):
+    Lsb = 1
+    Msb = 2
+
+
+class EMachine(enum.IntEnum):
+    I386 = 3
+    S390 = 22
+    Arm = 40
+    X8664 = 62
+    AArc64 = 183
+
+
+class ELFFile:
+    """
+    Representation of an ELF executable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, f: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._f = f
+
+        try:
+            ident = self._read("16B")
+        except struct.error:
+            raise ELFInvalid("unable to parse identification")
+        magic = bytes(ident[:4])
+        if magic != b"\x7fELF":
+            raise ELFInvalid(f"invalid magic: {magic!r}")
+
+        self.capacity = ident[4]  # Format for program header (bitness).
+        self.encoding = ident[5]  # Data structure encoding (endianness).
+
+        try:
+            # e_fmt: Format for program header.
+            # p_fmt: Format for section header.
+            # p_idx: Indexes to find p_type, p_offset, and p_filesz.
+            e_fmt, self._p_fmt, self._p_idx = {
+                (1, 1): ("<HHIIIIIHHH", "<IIIIIIII", (0, 1, 4)),  # 32-bit LSB.
+                (1, 2): (">HHIIIIIHHH", ">IIIIIIII", (0, 1, 4)),  # 32-bit MSB.
+                (2, 1): ("<HHIQQQIHHH", "<IIQQQQQQ", (0, 2, 5)),  # 64-bit LSB.
+                (2, 2): (">HHIQQQIHHH", ">IIQQQQQQ", (0, 2, 5)),  # 64-bit MSB.
+            }[(self.capacity, self.encoding)]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ELFInvalid(
+                f"unrecognized capacity ({self.capacity}) or "
+                f"encoding ({self.encoding})"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            (
+                _,
+                self.machine,  # Architecture type.
+                _,
+                _,
+                self._e_phoff,  # Offset of program header.
+                _,
+                self.flags,  # Processor-specific flags.
+                _,
+                self._e_phentsize,  # Size of section.
+                self._e_phnum,  # Number of sections.
+            ) = self._read(e_fmt)
+        except struct.error as e:
+            raise ELFInvalid("unable to parse machine and section information") from e
+
+    def _read(self, fmt: str) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        return struct.unpack(fmt, self._f.read(struct.calcsize(fmt)))
+
+    @property
+    def interpreter(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        The path recorded in the ``PT_INTERP`` section header.
+        """
+        for index in range(self._e_phnum):
+            self._f.seek(self._e_phoff + self._e_phentsize * index)
+            try:
+                data = self._read(self._p_fmt)
+            except struct.error:
+                continue
+            if data[self._p_idx[0]] != 3:  # Not PT_INTERP.
+                continue
+            self._f.seek(data[self._p_idx[1]])
+            return os.fsdecode(self._f.read(data[self._p_idx[2]])).strip("\0")
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08f651f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import Generator, Iterator, NamedTuple, Sequence
+
+from ._elffile import EIClass, EIData, ELFFile, EMachine
+
+EF_ARM_ABIMASK = 0xFF000000
+EF_ARM_ABI_VER5 = 0x05000000
+EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD = 0x00000400
+
+
+# `os.PathLike` not a generic type until Python 3.9, so sticking with `str`
+# as the type for `path` until then.
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _parse_elf(path: str) -> Generator[ELFFile | None, None, None]:
+    try:
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            yield ELFFile(f)
+    except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError):
+        yield None
+
+
+def _is_linux_armhf(executable: str) -> bool:
+    # hard-float ABI can be detected from the ELF header of the running
+    # process
+    # https://static.docs.arm.com/ihi0044/g/aaelf32.pdf
+    with _parse_elf(executable) as f:
+        return (
+            f is not None
+            and f.capacity == EIClass.C32
+            and f.encoding == EIData.Lsb
+            and f.machine == EMachine.Arm
+            and f.flags & EF_ARM_ABIMASK == EF_ARM_ABI_VER5
+            and f.flags & EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD == EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD
+        )
+
+
+def _is_linux_i686(executable: str) -> bool:
+    with _parse_elf(executable) as f:
+        return (
+            f is not None
+            and f.capacity == EIClass.C32
+            and f.encoding == EIData.Lsb
+            and f.machine == EMachine.I386
+        )
+
+
+def _have_compatible_abi(executable: str, archs: Sequence[str]) -> bool:
+    if "armv7l" in archs:
+        return _is_linux_armhf(executable)
+    if "i686" in archs:
+        return _is_linux_i686(executable)
+    allowed_archs = {
+        "x86_64",
+        "aarch64",
+        "ppc64",
+        "ppc64le",
+        "s390x",
+        "loongarch64",
+        "riscv64",
+    }
+    return any(arch in allowed_archs for arch in archs)
+
+
+# If glibc ever changes its major version, we need to know what the last
+# minor version was, so we can build the complete list of all versions.
+# For now, guess what the highest minor version might be, assume it will
+# be 50 for testing. Once this actually happens, update the dictionary
+# with the actual value.
+_LAST_GLIBC_MINOR: dict[int, int] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 50)
+
+
+class _GLibCVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_confstr() -> str | None:
+    """
+    Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr.
+    """
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module.
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    try:
+        # Should be a string like "glibc 2.17".
+        version_string: str | None = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        assert version_string is not None
+        _, version = version_string.rsplit()
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> str | None:
+    """
+    Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes.
+    """
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    #
+    # We must also handle the special case where the executable is not a
+    # dynamically linked executable. This can occur when using musl libc,
+    # for example. In this situation, dlopen() will error, leading to an
+    # OSError. Interestingly, at least in the case of musl, there is no
+    # errno set on the OSError. The single string argument used to construct
+    # OSError comes from libc itself and is therefore not portable to
+    # hard code here. In any case, failure to call dlopen() means we
+    # can proceed, so we bail on our attempt.
+    try:
+        process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str: str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string() -> str | None:
+    """Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."""
+    return _glibc_version_string_confstr() or _glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def _parse_glibc_version(version_str: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Parse glibc version.
+
+    We use a regexp instead of str.split because we want to discard any
+    random junk that might come after the minor version -- this might happen
+    in patched/forked versions of glibc (e.g. Linaro's version of glibc
+    uses version strings like "2.20-2014.11"). See gh-3588.
+    """
+    m = re.match(r"(?P<major>[0-9]+)\.(?P<minor>[0-9]+)", version_str)
+    if not m:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"Expected glibc version with 2 components major.minor,"
+            f" got: {version_str}",
+            RuntimeWarning,
+        )
+        return -1, -1
+    return int(m.group("major")), int(m.group("minor"))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache
+def _get_glibc_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
+    version_str = _glibc_version_string()
+    if version_str is None:
+        return (-1, -1)
+    return _parse_glibc_version(version_str)
+
+
+# From PEP 513, PEP 600
+def _is_compatible(arch: str, version: _GLibCVersion) -> bool:
+    sys_glibc = _get_glibc_version()
+    if sys_glibc < version:
+        return False
+    # Check for presence of _manylinux module.
+    try:
+        import _manylinux
+    except ImportError:
+        return True
+    if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux_compatible"):
+        result = _manylinux.manylinux_compatible(version[0], version[1], arch)
+        if result is not None:
+            return bool(result)
+        return True
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 5):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux1_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux1_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 12):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2010_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2010_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 17):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2014_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2014_compatible)
+    return True
+
+
+_LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP = {
+    # CentOS 7 w/ glibc 2.17 (PEP 599)
+    (2, 17): "manylinux2014",
+    # CentOS 6 w/ glibc 2.12 (PEP 571)
+    (2, 12): "manylinux2010",
+    # CentOS 5 w/ glibc 2.5 (PEP 513)
+    (2, 5): "manylinux1",
+}
+
+
+def platform_tags(archs: Sequence[str]) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """Generate manylinux tags compatible to the current platform.
+
+    :param archs: Sequence of compatible architectures.
+        The first one shall be the closest to the actual architecture and be the part of
+        platform tag after the ``linux_`` prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``.
+        The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a prerequisite for the current platform to
+        be manylinux-compatible.
+
+    :returns: An iterator of compatible manylinux tags.
+    """
+    if not _have_compatible_abi(sys.executable, archs):
+        return
+    # Oldest glibc to be supported regardless of architecture is (2, 17).
+    too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 16)
+    if set(archs) & {"x86_64", "i686"}:
+        # On x86/i686 also oldest glibc to be supported is (2, 5).
+        too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 4)
+    current_glibc = _GLibCVersion(*_get_glibc_version())
+    glibc_max_list = [current_glibc]
+    # We can assume compatibility across glibc major versions.
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24636
+    #
+    # Build a list of maximum glibc versions so that we can
+    # output the canonical list of all glibc from current_glibc
+    # down to too_old_glibc2, including all intermediary versions.
+    for glibc_major in range(current_glibc.major - 1, 1, -1):
+        glibc_minor = _LAST_GLIBC_MINOR[glibc_major]
+        glibc_max_list.append(_GLibCVersion(glibc_major, glibc_minor))
+    for arch in archs:
+        for glibc_max in glibc_max_list:
+            if glibc_max.major == too_old_glibc2.major:
+                min_minor = too_old_glibc2.minor
+            else:
+                # For other glibc major versions oldest supported is (x, 0).
+                min_minor = -1
+            for glibc_minor in range(glibc_max.minor, min_minor, -1):
+                glibc_version = _GLibCVersion(glibc_max.major, glibc_minor)
+                tag = "manylinux_{}_{}".format(*glibc_version)
+                if _is_compatible(arch, glibc_version):
+                    yield f"{tag}_{arch}"
+                # Handle the legacy manylinux1, manylinux2010, manylinux2014 tags.
+                if glibc_version in _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP:
+                    legacy_tag = _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP[glibc_version]
+                    if _is_compatible(arch, glibc_version):
+                        yield f"{legacy_tag}_{arch}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2bf30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""PEP 656 support.
+
+This module implements logic to detect if the currently running Python is
+linked against musl, and what musl version is used.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Iterator, NamedTuple, Sequence
+
+from ._elffile import ELFFile
+
+
+class _MuslVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _parse_musl_version(output: str) -> _MuslVersion | None:
+    lines = [n for n in (n.strip() for n in output.splitlines()) if n]
+    if len(lines) < 2 or lines[0][:4] != "musl":
+        return None
+    m = re.match(r"Version (\d+)\.(\d+)", lines[1])
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    return _MuslVersion(major=int(m.group(1)), minor=int(m.group(2)))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache
+def _get_musl_version(executable: str) -> _MuslVersion | None:
+    """Detect currently-running musl runtime version.
+
+    This is done by checking the specified executable's dynamic linking
+    information, and invoking the loader to parse its output for a version
+    string. If the loader is musl, the output would be something like::
+
+        musl libc (x86_64)
+        Version 1.2.2
+        Dynamic Program Loader
+    """
+    try:
+        with open(executable, "rb") as f:
+            ld = ELFFile(f).interpreter
+    except (OSError, TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    if ld is None or "musl" not in ld:
+        return None
+    proc = subprocess.run([ld], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    return _parse_musl_version(proc.stderr)
+
+
+def platform_tags(archs: Sequence[str]) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """Generate musllinux tags compatible to the current platform.
+
+    :param archs: Sequence of compatible architectures.
+        The first one shall be the closest to the actual architecture and be the part of
+        platform tag after the ``linux_`` prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``.
+        The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a prerequisite for the current platform to
+        be musllinux-compatible.
+
+    :returns: An iterator of compatible musllinux tags.
+    """
+    sys_musl = _get_musl_version(sys.executable)
+    if sys_musl is None:  # Python not dynamically linked against musl.
+        return
+    for arch in archs:
+        for minor in range(sys_musl.minor, -1, -1):
+            yield f"musllinux_{sys_musl.major}_{minor}_{arch}"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sysconfig
+
+    plat = sysconfig.get_platform()
+    assert plat.startswith("linux-"), "not linux"
+
+    print("plat:", plat)
+    print("musl:", _get_musl_version(sys.executable))
+    print("tags:", end=" ")
+    for t in platform_tags(re.sub(r"[.-]", "_", plat.split("-", 1)[-1])):
+        print(t, end="\n      ")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1238c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"""Handwritten parser of dependency specifiers.
+
+The docstring for each __parse_* function contains EBNF-inspired grammar representing
+the implementation.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+from typing import NamedTuple, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._tokenizer import DEFAULT_RULES, Tokenizer
+
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}('{self}')>"
+
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class Variable(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Value(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return f'"{self}"'
+
+
+class Op(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+MarkerVar = Union[Variable, Value]
+MarkerItem = Tuple[MarkerVar, Op, MarkerVar]
+MarkerAtom = Union[MarkerItem, Sequence["MarkerAtom"]]
+MarkerList = Sequence[Union["MarkerList", MarkerAtom, str]]
+
+
+class ParsedRequirement(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    url: str
+    extras: list[str]
+    specifier: str
+    marker: MarkerList | None
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Recursive descent parser for dependency specifier
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def parse_requirement(source: str) -> ParsedRequirement:
+    return _parse_requirement(Tokenizer(source, rules=DEFAULT_RULES))
+
+
+def _parse_requirement(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> ParsedRequirement:
+    """
+    requirement = WS? IDENTIFIER WS? extras WS? requirement_details
+    """
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    name_token = tokenizer.expect(
+        "IDENTIFIER", expected="package name at the start of dependency specifier"
+    )
+    name = name_token.text
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    extras = _parse_extras(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    url, specifier, marker = _parse_requirement_details(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.expect("END", expected="end of dependency specifier")
+
+    return ParsedRequirement(name, url, extras, specifier, marker)
+
+
+def _parse_requirement_details(
+    tokenizer: Tokenizer,
+) -> tuple[str, str, MarkerList | None]:
+    """
+    requirement_details = AT URL (WS requirement_marker?)?
+                        | specifier WS? (requirement_marker)?
+    """
+
+    specifier = ""
+    url = ""
+    marker = None
+
+    if tokenizer.check("AT"):
+        tokenizer.read()
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+        url_start = tokenizer.position
+        url = tokenizer.expect("URL", expected="URL after @").text
+        if tokenizer.check("END", peek=True):
+            return (url, specifier, marker)
+
+        tokenizer.expect("WS", expected="whitespace after URL")
+
+        # The input might end after whitespace.
+        if tokenizer.check("END", peek=True):
+            return (url, specifier, marker)
+
+        marker = _parse_requirement_marker(
+            tokenizer, span_start=url_start, after="URL and whitespace"
+        )
+    else:
+        specifier_start = tokenizer.position
+        specifier = _parse_specifier(tokenizer)
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+        if tokenizer.check("END", peek=True):
+            return (url, specifier, marker)
+
+        marker = _parse_requirement_marker(
+            tokenizer,
+            span_start=specifier_start,
+            after=(
+                "version specifier"
+                if specifier
+                else "name and no valid version specifier"
+            ),
+        )
+
+    return (url, specifier, marker)
+
+
+def _parse_requirement_marker(
+    tokenizer: Tokenizer, *, span_start: int, after: str
+) -> MarkerList:
+    """
+    requirement_marker = SEMICOLON marker WS?
+    """
+
+    if not tokenizer.check("SEMICOLON"):
+        tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
+            f"Expected end or semicolon (after {after})",
+            span_start=span_start,
+        )
+    tokenizer.read()
+
+    marker = _parse_marker(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    return marker
+
+
+def _parse_extras(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    extras = (LEFT_BRACKET wsp* extras_list? wsp* RIGHT_BRACKET)?
+    """
+    if not tokenizer.check("LEFT_BRACKET", peek=True):
+        return []
+
+    with tokenizer.enclosing_tokens(
+        "LEFT_BRACKET",
+        "RIGHT_BRACKET",
+        around="extras",
+    ):
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+        extras = _parse_extras_list(tokenizer)
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    return extras
+
+
+def _parse_extras_list(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    extras_list = identifier (wsp* ',' wsp* identifier)*
+    """
+    extras: list[str] = []
+
+    if not tokenizer.check("IDENTIFIER"):
+        return extras
+
+    extras.append(tokenizer.read().text)
+
+    while True:
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+        if tokenizer.check("IDENTIFIER", peek=True):
+            tokenizer.raise_syntax_error("Expected comma between extra names")
+        elif not tokenizer.check("COMMA"):
+            break
+
+        tokenizer.read()
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+        extra_token = tokenizer.expect("IDENTIFIER", expected="extra name after comma")
+        extras.append(extra_token.text)
+
+    return extras
+
+
+def _parse_specifier(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> str:
+    """
+    specifier = LEFT_PARENTHESIS WS? version_many WS? RIGHT_PARENTHESIS
+              | WS? version_many WS?
+    """
+    with tokenizer.enclosing_tokens(
+        "LEFT_PARENTHESIS",
+        "RIGHT_PARENTHESIS",
+        around="version specifier",
+    ):
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+        parsed_specifiers = _parse_version_many(tokenizer)
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    return parsed_specifiers
+
+
+def _parse_version_many(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> str:
+    """
+    version_many = (SPECIFIER (WS? COMMA WS? SPECIFIER)*)?
+    """
+    parsed_specifiers = ""
+    while tokenizer.check("SPECIFIER"):
+        span_start = tokenizer.position
+        parsed_specifiers += tokenizer.read().text
+        if tokenizer.check("VERSION_PREFIX_TRAIL", peek=True):
+            tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
+                ".* suffix can only be used with `==` or `!=` operators",
+                span_start=span_start,
+                span_end=tokenizer.position + 1,
+            )
+        if tokenizer.check("VERSION_LOCAL_LABEL_TRAIL", peek=True):
+            tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
+                "Local version label can only be used with `==` or `!=` operators",
+                span_start=span_start,
+                span_end=tokenizer.position,
+            )
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+        if not tokenizer.check("COMMA"):
+            break
+        parsed_specifiers += tokenizer.read().text
+        tokenizer.consume("WS")
+
+    return parsed_specifiers
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Recursive descent parser for marker expression
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def parse_marker(source: str) -> MarkerList:
+    return _parse_full_marker(Tokenizer(source, rules=DEFAULT_RULES))
+
+
+def _parse_full_marker(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerList:
+    retval = _parse_marker(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.expect("END", expected="end of marker expression")
+    return retval
+
+
+def _parse_marker(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerList:
+    """
+    marker = marker_atom (BOOLOP marker_atom)+
+    """
+    expression = [_parse_marker_atom(tokenizer)]
+    while tokenizer.check("BOOLOP"):
+        token = tokenizer.read()
+        expr_right = _parse_marker_atom(tokenizer)
+        expression.extend((token.text, expr_right))
+    return expression
+
+
+def _parse_marker_atom(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerAtom:
+    """
+    marker_atom = WS? LEFT_PARENTHESIS WS? marker WS? RIGHT_PARENTHESIS WS?
+                | WS? marker_item WS?
+    """
+
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    if tokenizer.check("LEFT_PARENTHESIS", peek=True):
+        with tokenizer.enclosing_tokens(
+            "LEFT_PARENTHESIS",
+            "RIGHT_PARENTHESIS",
+            around="marker expression",
+        ):
+            tokenizer.consume("WS")
+            marker: MarkerAtom = _parse_marker(tokenizer)
+            tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    else:
+        marker = _parse_marker_item(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    return marker
+
+
+def _parse_marker_item(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerItem:
+    """
+    marker_item = WS? marker_var WS? marker_op WS? marker_var WS?
+    """
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    marker_var_left = _parse_marker_var(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    marker_op = _parse_marker_op(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    marker_var_right = _parse_marker_var(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.consume("WS")
+    return (marker_var_left, marker_op, marker_var_right)
+
+
+def _parse_marker_var(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerVar:
+    """
+    marker_var = VARIABLE | QUOTED_STRING
+    """
+    if tokenizer.check("VARIABLE"):
+        return process_env_var(tokenizer.read().text.replace(".", "_"))
+    elif tokenizer.check("QUOTED_STRING"):
+        return process_python_str(tokenizer.read().text)
+    else:
+        tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
+            message="Expected a marker variable or quoted string"
+        )
+
+
+def process_env_var(env_var: str) -> Variable:
+    if env_var in ("platform_python_implementation", "python_implementation"):
+        return Variable("platform_python_implementation")
+    else:
+        return Variable(env_var)
+
+
+def process_python_str(python_str: str) -> Value:
+    value = ast.literal_eval(python_str)
+    return Value(str(value))
+
+
+def _parse_marker_op(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> Op:
+    """
+    marker_op = IN | NOT IN | OP
+    """
+    if tokenizer.check("IN"):
+        tokenizer.read()
+        return Op("in")
+    elif tokenizer.check("NOT"):
+        tokenizer.read()
+        tokenizer.expect("WS", expected="whitespace after 'not'")
+        tokenizer.expect("IN", expected="'in' after 'not'")
+        return Op("not in")
+    elif tokenizer.check("OP"):
+        return Op(tokenizer.read().text)
+    else:
+        return tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
+            "Expected marker operator, one of "
+            "<=, <, !=, ==, >=, >, ~=, ===, in, not in"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90a6465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+
+class InfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> "NegativeInfinityType":
+        return NegativeInfinity
+
+
+Infinity = InfinityType()
+
+
+class NegativeInfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "-Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> InfinityType:
+        return Infinity
+
+
+NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinityType()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_tokenizer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_tokenizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89d0416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_tokenizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Iterator, NoReturn
+
+from .specifiers import Specifier
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Token:
+    name: str
+    text: str
+    position: int
+
+
+class ParserSyntaxError(Exception):
+    """The provided source text could not be parsed correctly."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        *,
+        source: str,
+        span: tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.span = span
+        self.message = message
+        self.source = source
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        marker = " " * self.span[0] + "~" * (self.span[1] - self.span[0]) + "^"
+        return "\n    ".join([self.message, self.source, marker])
+
+
+DEFAULT_RULES: dict[str, str | re.Pattern[str]] = {
+    "LEFT_PARENTHESIS": r"\(",
+    "RIGHT_PARENTHESIS": r"\)",
+    "LEFT_BRACKET": r"\[",
+    "RIGHT_BRACKET": r"\]",
+    "SEMICOLON": r";",
+    "COMMA": r",",
+    "QUOTED_STRING": re.compile(
+        r"""
+            (
+                ('[^']*')
+                |
+                ("[^"]*")
+            )
+        """,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    ),
+    "OP": r"(===|==|~=|!=|<=|>=|<|>)",
+    "BOOLOP": r"\b(or|and)\b",
+    "IN": r"\bin\b",
+    "NOT": r"\bnot\b",
+    "VARIABLE": re.compile(
+        r"""
+            \b(
+                python_version
+                |python_full_version
+                |os[._]name
+                |sys[._]platform
+                |platform_(release|system)
+                |platform[._](version|machine|python_implementation)
+                |python_implementation
+                |implementation_(name|version)
+                |extra
+            )\b
+        """,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    ),
+    "SPECIFIER": re.compile(
+        Specifier._operator_regex_str + Specifier._version_regex_str,
+        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+    ),
+    "AT": r"\@",
+    "URL": r"[^ \t]+",
+    "IDENTIFIER": r"\b[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9._-]*\b",
+    "VERSION_PREFIX_TRAIL": r"\.\*",
+    "VERSION_LOCAL_LABEL_TRAIL": r"\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*",
+    "WS": r"[ \t]+",
+    "END": r"$",
+}
+
+
+class Tokenizer:
+    """Context-sensitive token parsing.
+
+    Provides methods to examine the input stream to check whether the next token
+    matches.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        source: str,
+        *,
+        rules: dict[str, str | re.Pattern[str]],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.source = source
+        self.rules: dict[str, re.Pattern[str]] = {
+            name: re.compile(pattern) for name, pattern in rules.items()
+        }
+        self.next_token: Token | None = None
+        self.position = 0
+
+    def consume(self, name: str) -> None:
+        """Move beyond provided token name, if at current position."""
+        if self.check(name):
+            self.read()
+
+    def check(self, name: str, *, peek: bool = False) -> bool:
+        """Check whether the next token has the provided name.
+
+        By default, if the check succeeds, the token *must* be read before
+        another check. If `peek` is set to `True`, the token is not loaded and
+        would need to be checked again.
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.next_token is None
+        ), f"Cannot check for {name!r}, already have {self.next_token!r}"
+        assert name in self.rules, f"Unknown token name: {name!r}"
+
+        expression = self.rules[name]
+
+        match = expression.match(self.source, self.position)
+        if match is None:
+            return False
+        if not peek:
+            self.next_token = Token(name, match[0], self.position)
+        return True
+
+    def expect(self, name: str, *, expected: str) -> Token:
+        """Expect a certain token name next, failing with a syntax error otherwise.
+
+        The token is *not* read.
+        """
+        if not self.check(name):
+            raise self.raise_syntax_error(f"Expected {expected}")
+        return self.read()
+
+    def read(self) -> Token:
+        """Consume the next token and return it."""
+        token = self.next_token
+        assert token is not None
+
+        self.position += len(token.text)
+        self.next_token = None
+
+        return token
+
+    def raise_syntax_error(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        *,
+        span_start: int | None = None,
+        span_end: int | None = None,
+    ) -> NoReturn:
+        """Raise ParserSyntaxError at the given position."""
+        span = (
+            self.position if span_start is None else span_start,
+            self.position if span_end is None else span_end,
+        )
+        raise ParserSyntaxError(
+            message,
+            source=self.source,
+            span=span,
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def enclosing_tokens(
+        self, open_token: str, close_token: str, *, around: str
+    ) -> Iterator[None]:
+        if self.check(open_token):
+            open_position = self.position
+            self.read()
+        else:
+            open_position = None
+
+        yield
+
+        if open_position is None:
+            return
+
+        if not self.check(close_token):
+            self.raise_syntax_error(
+                f"Expected matching {close_token} for {open_token}, after {around}",
+                span_start=open_position,
+            )
+
+        self.read()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ac7bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import operator
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypedDict, cast
+
+from ._parser import MarkerAtom, MarkerList, Op, Value, Variable
+from ._parser import parse_marker as _parse_marker
+from ._tokenizer import ParserSyntaxError
+from .specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, Specifier
+from .utils import canonicalize_name
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InvalidMarker",
+    "UndefinedComparison",
+    "UndefinedEnvironmentName",
+    "Marker",
+    "default_environment",
+]
+
+Operator = Callable[[str, str], bool]
+
+
+class InvalidMarker(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedComparison(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError):
+    """
+    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
+    environment.
+    """
+
+
+class Environment(TypedDict):
+    implementation_name: str
+    """The implementation's identifier, e.g. ``'cpython'``."""
+
+    implementation_version: str
+    """
+    The implementation's version, e.g. ``'3.13.0a2'`` for CPython 3.13.0a2, or
+    ``'7.3.13'`` for PyPy3.10 v7.3.13.
+    """
+
+    os_name: str
+    """
+    The value of :py:data:`os.name`. The name of the operating system dependent module
+    imported, e.g. ``'posix'``.
+    """
+
+    platform_machine: str
+    """
+    Returns the machine type, e.g. ``'i386'``.
+
+    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
+    """
+
+    platform_release: str
+    """
+    The system's release, e.g. ``'2.2.0'`` or ``'NT'``.
+
+    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
+    """
+
+    platform_system: str
+    """
+    The system/OS name, e.g. ``'Linux'``, ``'Windows'`` or ``'Java'``.
+
+    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
+    """
+
+    platform_version: str
+    """
+    The system's release version, e.g. ``'#3 on degas'``.
+
+    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
+    """
+
+    python_full_version: str
+    """
+    The Python version as string ``'major.minor.patchlevel'``.
+
+    Note that unlike the Python :py:data:`sys.version`, this value will always include
+    the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).
+    """
+
+    platform_python_implementation: str
+    """
+    A string identifying the Python implementation, e.g. ``'CPython'``.
+    """
+
+    python_version: str
+    """The Python version as string ``'major.minor'``."""
+
+    sys_platform: str
+    """
+    This string contains a platform identifier that can be used to append
+    platform-specific components to :py:data:`sys.path`, for instance.
+
+    For Unix systems, except on Linux and AIX, this is the lowercased OS name as
+    returned by ``uname -s`` with the first part of the version as returned by
+    ``uname -r`` appended, e.g. ``'sunos5'`` or ``'freebsd8'``, at the time when Python
+    was built.
+    """
+
+
+def _normalize_extra_values(results: Any) -> Any:
+    """
+    Normalize extra values.
+    """
+    if isinstance(results[0], tuple):
+        lhs, op, rhs = results[0]
+        if isinstance(lhs, Variable) and lhs.value == "extra":
+            normalized_extra = canonicalize_name(rhs.value)
+            rhs = Value(normalized_extra)
+        elif isinstance(rhs, Variable) and rhs.value == "extra":
+            normalized_extra = canonicalize_name(lhs.value)
+            lhs = Value(normalized_extra)
+        results[0] = lhs, op, rhs
+    return results
+
+
+def _format_marker(
+    marker: list[str] | MarkerAtom | str, first: bool | None = True
+) -> str:
+    assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+    # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list
+    # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip
+    # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the
+    # outside.
+    if (
+        isinstance(marker, list)
+        and len(marker) == 1
+        and isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))
+    ):
+        return _format_marker(marker[0])
+
+    if isinstance(marker, list):
+        inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker)
+        if first:
+            return " ".join(inner)
+        else:
+            return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")"
+    elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+        return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker])
+    else:
+        return marker
+
+
+_operators: dict[str, Operator] = {
+    "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs,
+    "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs,
+    "<": operator.lt,
+    "<=": operator.le,
+    "==": operator.eq,
+    "!=": operator.ne,
+    ">=": operator.ge,
+    ">": operator.gt,
+}
+
+
+def _eval_op(lhs: str, op: Op, rhs: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs]))
+    except InvalidSpecifier:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return spec.contains(lhs, prereleases=True)
+
+    oper: Operator | None = _operators.get(op.serialize())
+    if oper is None:
+        raise UndefinedComparison(f"Undefined {op!r} on {lhs!r} and {rhs!r}.")
+
+    return oper(lhs, rhs)
+
+
+def _normalize(*values: str, key: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    # PEP 685 – Comparison of extra names for optional distribution dependencies
+    # https://peps.python.org/pep-0685/
+    # > When comparing extra names, tools MUST normalize the names being
+    # > compared using the semantics outlined in PEP 503 for names
+    if key == "extra":
+        return tuple(canonicalize_name(v) for v in values)
+
+    # other environment markers don't have such standards
+    return values
+
+
+def _evaluate_markers(markers: MarkerList, environment: dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    groups: list[list[bool]] = [[]]
+
+    for marker in markers:
+        assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+        if isinstance(marker, list):
+            groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment))
+        elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+            lhs, op, rhs = marker
+
+            if isinstance(lhs, Variable):
+                environment_key = lhs.value
+                lhs_value = environment[environment_key]
+                rhs_value = rhs.value
+            else:
+                lhs_value = lhs.value
+                environment_key = rhs.value
+                rhs_value = environment[environment_key]
+
+            lhs_value, rhs_value = _normalize(lhs_value, rhs_value, key=environment_key)
+            groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value))
+        else:
+            assert marker in ["and", "or"]
+            if marker == "or":
+                groups.append([])
+
+    return any(all(item) for item in groups)
+
+
+def format_full_version(info: sys._version_info) -> str:
+    version = "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(info)
+    kind = info.releaselevel
+    if kind != "final":
+        version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+    return version
+
+
+def default_environment() -> Environment:
+    iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    return {
+        "implementation_name": implementation_name,
+        "implementation_version": iver,
+        "os_name": os.name,
+        "platform_machine": platform.machine(),
+        "platform_release": platform.release(),
+        "platform_system": platform.system(),
+        "platform_version": platform.version(),
+        "python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
+        "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
+        "python_version": ".".join(platform.python_version_tuple()[:2]),
+        "sys_platform": sys.platform,
+    }
+
+
+class Marker:
+    def __init__(self, marker: str) -> None:
+        # Note: We create a Marker object without calling this constructor in
+        #       packaging.requirements.Requirement. If any additional logic is
+        #       added here, make sure to mirror/adapt Requirement.
+        try:
+            self._markers = _normalize_extra_values(_parse_marker(marker))
+            # The attribute `_markers` can be described in terms of a recursive type:
+            # MarkerList = List[Union[Tuple[Node, ...], str, MarkerList]]
+            #
+            # For example, the following expression:
+            # python_version > "3.6" or (python_version == "3.6" and os_name == "unix")
+            #
+            # is parsed into:
+            # [
+            #     (<Variable('python_version')>, <Op('>')>, <Value('3.6')>),
+            #     'and',
+            #     [
+            #         (<Variable('python_version')>, <Op('==')>, <Value('3.6')>),
+            #         'or',
+            #         (<Variable('os_name')>, <Op('==')>, <Value('unix')>)
+            #     ]
+            # ]
+        except ParserSyntaxError as e:
+            raise InvalidMarker(str(e)) from e
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return _format_marker(self._markers)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Marker('{self}')>"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, str(self)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Marker):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return str(self) == str(other)
+
+    def evaluate(self, environment: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Evaluate a marker.
+
+        Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the
+        environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or
+        part of the determined environment.
+
+        The environment is determined from the current Python process.
+        """
+        current_environment = cast("dict[str, str]", default_environment())
+        current_environment["extra"] = ""
+        # Work around platform.python_version() returning something that is not PEP 440
+        # compliant for non-tagged Python builds. We preserve default_environment()'s
+        # behavior of returning platform.python_version() verbatim, and leave it to the
+        # caller to provide a syntactically valid version if they want to override it.
+        if current_environment["python_full_version"].endswith("+"):
+            current_environment["python_full_version"] += "local"
+        if environment is not None:
+            current_environment.update(environment)
+            # The API used to allow setting extra to None. We need to handle this
+            # case for backwards compatibility.
+            if current_environment["extra"] is None:
+                current_environment["extra"] = ""
+
+        return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb8dc84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import email.feedparser
+import email.header
+import email.message
+import email.parser
+import email.policy
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypedDict,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from . import requirements, specifiers, utils
+from . import version as version_module
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+try:
+    ExceptionGroup
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class ExceptionGroup(Exception):
+        """A minimal implementation of :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` from Python 3.11.
+
+        If :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` is already defined by Python itself,
+        that version is used instead.
+        """
+
+        message: str
+        exceptions: list[Exception]
+
+        def __init__(self, message: str, exceptions: list[Exception]) -> None:
+            self.message = message
+            self.exceptions = exceptions
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.message!r}, {self.exceptions!r})"
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    ExceptionGroup = ExceptionGroup
+
+
+class InvalidMetadata(ValueError):
+    """A metadata field contains invalid data."""
+
+    field: str
+    """The name of the field that contains invalid data."""
+
+    def __init__(self, field: str, message: str) -> None:
+        self.field = field
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+# The RawMetadata class attempts to make as few assumptions about the underlying
+# serialization formats as possible. The idea is that as long as a serialization
+# formats offer some very basic primitives in *some* way then we can support
+# serializing to and from that format.
+class RawMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """A dictionary of raw core metadata.
+
+    Each field in core metadata maps to a key of this dictionary (when data is
+    provided). The key is lower-case and underscores are used instead of dashes
+    compared to the equivalent core metadata field. Any core metadata field that
+    can be specified multiple times or can hold multiple values in a single
+    field have a key with a plural name. See :class:`Metadata` whose attributes
+    match the keys of this dictionary.
+
+    Core metadata fields that can be specified multiple times are stored as a
+    list or dict depending on which is appropriate for the field. Any fields
+    which hold multiple values in a single field are stored as a list.
+
+    """
+
+    # Metadata 1.0 - PEP 241
+    metadata_version: str
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    platforms: list[str]
+    summary: str
+    description: str
+    keywords: list[str]
+    home_page: str
+    author: str
+    author_email: str
+    license: str
+
+    # Metadata 1.1 - PEP 314
+    supported_platforms: list[str]
+    download_url: str
+    classifiers: list[str]
+    requires: list[str]
+    provides: list[str]
+    obsoletes: list[str]
+
+    # Metadata 1.2 - PEP 345
+    maintainer: str
+    maintainer_email: str
+    requires_dist: list[str]
+    provides_dist: list[str]
+    obsoletes_dist: list[str]
+    requires_python: str
+    requires_external: list[str]
+    project_urls: dict[str, str]
+
+    # Metadata 2.0
+    # PEP 426 attempted to completely revamp the metadata format
+    # but got stuck without ever being able to build consensus on
+    # it and ultimately ended up withdrawn.
+    #
+    # However, a number of tools had started emitting METADATA with
+    # `2.0` Metadata-Version, so for historical reasons, this version
+    # was skipped.
+
+    # Metadata 2.1 - PEP 566
+    description_content_type: str
+    provides_extra: list[str]
+
+    # Metadata 2.2 - PEP 643
+    dynamic: list[str]
+
+    # Metadata 2.3 - PEP 685
+    # No new fields were added in PEP 685, just some edge case were
+    # tightened up to provide better interoptability.
+
+
+_STRING_FIELDS = {
+    "author",
+    "author_email",
+    "description",
+    "description_content_type",
+    "download_url",
+    "home_page",
+    "license",
+    "maintainer",
+    "maintainer_email",
+    "metadata_version",
+    "name",
+    "requires_python",
+    "summary",
+    "version",
+}
+
+_LIST_FIELDS = {
+    "classifiers",
+    "dynamic",
+    "obsoletes",
+    "obsoletes_dist",
+    "platforms",
+    "provides",
+    "provides_dist",
+    "provides_extra",
+    "requires",
+    "requires_dist",
+    "requires_external",
+    "supported_platforms",
+}
+
+_DICT_FIELDS = {
+    "project_urls",
+}
+
+
+def _parse_keywords(data: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split a string of comma-separate keyboards into a list of keywords."""
+    return [k.strip() for k in data.split(",")]
+
+
+def _parse_project_urls(data: list[str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Parse a list of label/URL string pairings separated by a comma."""
+    urls = {}
+    for pair in data:
+        # Our logic is slightly tricky here as we want to try and do
+        # *something* reasonable with malformed data.
+        #
+        # The main thing that we have to worry about, is data that does
+        # not have a ',' at all to split the label from the Value. There
+        # isn't a singular right answer here, and we will fail validation
+        # later on (if the caller is validating) so it doesn't *really*
+        # matter, but since the missing value has to be an empty str
+        # and our return value is dict[str, str], if we let the key
+        # be the missing value, then they'd have multiple '' values that
+        # overwrite each other in a accumulating dict.
+        #
+        # The other potentional issue is that it's possible to have the
+        # same label multiple times in the metadata, with no solid "right"
+        # answer with what to do in that case. As such, we'll do the only
+        # thing we can, which is treat the field as unparseable and add it
+        # to our list of unparsed fields.
+        parts = [p.strip() for p in pair.split(",", 1)]
+        parts.extend([""] * (max(0, 2 - len(parts))))  # Ensure 2 items
+
+        # TODO: The spec doesn't say anything about if the keys should be
+        #       considered case sensitive or not... logically they should
+        #       be case-preserving and case-insensitive, but doing that
+        #       would open up more cases where we might have duplicate
+        #       entries.
+        label, url = parts
+        if label in urls:
+            # The label already exists in our set of urls, so this field
+            # is unparseable, and we can just add the whole thing to our
+            # unparseable data and stop processing it.
+            raise KeyError("duplicate labels in project urls")
+        urls[label] = url
+
+    return urls
+
+
+def _get_payload(msg: email.message.Message, source: bytes | str) -> str:
+    """Get the body of the message."""
+    # If our source is a str, then our caller has managed encodings for us,
+    # and we don't need to deal with it.
+    if isinstance(source, str):
+        payload: str = msg.get_payload()
+        return payload
+    # If our source is a bytes, then we're managing the encoding and we need
+    # to deal with it.
+    else:
+        bpayload: bytes = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
+        try:
+            return bpayload.decode("utf8", "strict")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise ValueError("payload in an invalid encoding")
+
+
+# The various parse_FORMAT functions here are intended to be as lenient as
+# possible in their parsing, while still returning a correctly typed
+# RawMetadata.
+#
+# To aid in this, we also generally want to do as little touching of the
+# data as possible, except where there are possibly some historic holdovers
+# that make valid data awkward to work with.
+#
+# While this is a lower level, intermediate format than our ``Metadata``
+# class, some light touch ups can make a massive difference in usability.
+
+# Map METADATA fields to RawMetadata.
+_EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING = {
+    "author": "author",
+    "author-email": "author_email",
+    "classifier": "classifiers",
+    "description": "description",
+    "description-content-type": "description_content_type",
+    "download-url": "download_url",
+    "dynamic": "dynamic",
+    "home-page": "home_page",
+    "keywords": "keywords",
+    "license": "license",
+    "maintainer": "maintainer",
+    "maintainer-email": "maintainer_email",
+    "metadata-version": "metadata_version",
+    "name": "name",
+    "obsoletes": "obsoletes",
+    "obsoletes-dist": "obsoletes_dist",
+    "platform": "platforms",
+    "project-url": "project_urls",
+    "provides": "provides",
+    "provides-dist": "provides_dist",
+    "provides-extra": "provides_extra",
+    "requires": "requires",
+    "requires-dist": "requires_dist",
+    "requires-external": "requires_external",
+    "requires-python": "requires_python",
+    "summary": "summary",
+    "supported-platform": "supported_platforms",
+    "version": "version",
+}
+_RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING = {raw: email for email, raw in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING.items()}
+
+
+def parse_email(data: bytes | str) -> tuple[RawMetadata, dict[str, list[str]]]:
+    """Parse a distribution's metadata stored as email headers (e.g. from ``METADATA``).
+
+    This function returns a two-item tuple of dicts. The first dict is of
+    recognized fields from the core metadata specification. Fields that can be
+    parsed and translated into Python's built-in types are converted
+    appropriately. All other fields are left as-is. Fields that are allowed to
+    appear multiple times are stored as lists.
+
+    The second dict contains all other fields from the metadata. This includes
+    any unrecognized fields. It also includes any fields which are expected to
+    be parsed into a built-in type but were not formatted appropriately. Finally,
+    any fields that are expected to appear only once but are repeated are
+    included in this dict.
+
+    """
+    raw: dict[str, str | list[str] | dict[str, str]] = {}
+    unparsed: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+
+    if isinstance(data, str):
+        parsed = email.parser.Parser(policy=email.policy.compat32).parsestr(data)
+    else:
+        parsed = email.parser.BytesParser(policy=email.policy.compat32).parsebytes(data)
+
+    # We have to wrap parsed.keys() in a set, because in the case of multiple
+    # values for a key (a list), the key will appear multiple times in the
+    # list of keys, but we're avoiding that by using get_all().
+    for name in frozenset(parsed.keys()):
+        # Header names in RFC are case insensitive, so we'll normalize to all
+        # lower case to make comparisons easier.
+        name = name.lower()
+
+        # We use get_all() here, even for fields that aren't multiple use,
+        # because otherwise someone could have e.g. two Name fields, and we
+        # would just silently ignore it rather than doing something about it.
+        headers = parsed.get_all(name) or []
+
+        # The way the email module works when parsing bytes is that it
+        # unconditionally decodes the bytes as ascii using the surrogateescape
+        # handler. When you pull that data back out (such as with get_all() ),
+        # it looks to see if the str has any surrogate escapes, and if it does
+        # it wraps it in a Header object instead of returning the string.
+        #
+        # As such, we'll look for those Header objects, and fix up the encoding.
+        value = []
+        # Flag if we have run into any issues processing the headers, thus
+        # signalling that the data belongs in 'unparsed'.
+        valid_encoding = True
+        for h in headers:
+            # It's unclear if this can return more types than just a Header or
+            # a str, so we'll just assert here to make sure.
+            assert isinstance(h, (email.header.Header, str))
+
+            # If it's a header object, we need to do our little dance to get
+            # the real data out of it. In cases where there is invalid data
+            # we're going to end up with mojibake, but there's no obvious, good
+            # way around that without reimplementing parts of the Header object
+            # ourselves.
+            #
+            # That should be fine since, if mojibacked happens, this key is
+            # going into the unparsed dict anyways.
+            if isinstance(h, email.header.Header):
+                # The Header object stores it's data as chunks, and each chunk
+                # can be independently encoded, so we'll need to check each
+                # of them.
+                chunks: list[tuple[bytes, str | None]] = []
+                for bin, encoding in email.header.decode_header(h):
+                    try:
+                        bin.decode("utf8", "strict")
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        # Enable mojibake.
+                        encoding = "latin1"
+                        valid_encoding = False
+                    else:
+                        encoding = "utf8"
+                    chunks.append((bin, encoding))
+
+                # Turn our chunks back into a Header object, then let that
+                # Header object do the right thing to turn them into a
+                # string for us.
+                value.append(str(email.header.make_header(chunks)))
+            # This is already a string, so just add it.
+            else:
+                value.append(h)
+
+        # We've processed all of our values to get them into a list of str,
+        # but we may have mojibake data, in which case this is an unparsed
+        # field.
+        if not valid_encoding:
+            unparsed[name] = value
+            continue
+
+        raw_name = _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING.get(name)
+        if raw_name is None:
+            # This is a bit of a weird situation, we've encountered a key that
+            # we don't know what it means, so we don't know whether it's meant
+            # to be a list or not.
+            #
+            # Since we can't really tell one way or another, we'll just leave it
+            # as a list, even though it may be a single item list, because that's
+            # what makes the most sense for email headers.
+            unparsed[name] = value
+            continue
+
+        # If this is one of our string fields, then we'll check to see if our
+        # value is a list of a single item. If it is then we'll assume that
+        # it was emitted as a single string, and unwrap the str from inside
+        # the list.
+        #
+        # If it's any other kind of data, then we haven't the faintest clue
+        # what we should parse it as, and we have to just add it to our list
+        # of unparsed stuff.
+        if raw_name in _STRING_FIELDS and len(value) == 1:
+            raw[raw_name] = value[0]
+        # If this is one of our list of string fields, then we can just assign
+        # the value, since email *only* has strings, and our get_all() call
+        # above ensures that this is a list.
+        elif raw_name in _LIST_FIELDS:
+            raw[raw_name] = value
+        # Special Case: Keywords
+        # The keywords field is implemented in the metadata spec as a str,
+        # but it conceptually is a list of strings, and is serialized using
+        # ", ".join(keywords), so we'll do some light data massaging to turn
+        # this into what it logically is.
+        elif raw_name == "keywords" and len(value) == 1:
+            raw[raw_name] = _parse_keywords(value[0])
+        # Special Case: Project-URL
+        # The project urls is implemented in the metadata spec as a list of
+        # specially-formatted strings that represent a key and a value, which
+        # is fundamentally a mapping, however the email format doesn't support
+        # mappings in a sane way, so it was crammed into a list of strings
+        # instead.
+        #
+        # We will do a little light data massaging to turn this into a map as
+        # it logically should be.
+        elif raw_name == "project_urls":
+            try:
+                raw[raw_name] = _parse_project_urls(value)
+            except KeyError:
+                unparsed[name] = value
+        # Nothing that we've done has managed to parse this, so it'll just
+        # throw it in our unparseable data and move on.
+        else:
+            unparsed[name] = value
+
+    # We need to support getting the Description from the message payload in
+    # addition to getting it from the the headers. This does mean, though, there
+    # is the possibility of it being set both ways, in which case we put both
+    # in 'unparsed' since we don't know which is right.
+    try:
+        payload = _get_payload(parsed, data)
+    except ValueError:
+        unparsed.setdefault("description", []).append(
+            parsed.get_payload(decode=isinstance(data, bytes))
+        )
+    else:
+        if payload:
+            # Check to see if we've already got a description, if so then both
+            # it, and this body move to unparseable.
+            if "description" in raw:
+                description_header = cast(str, raw.pop("description"))
+                unparsed.setdefault("description", []).extend(
+                    [description_header, payload]
+                )
+            elif "description" in unparsed:
+                unparsed["description"].append(payload)
+            else:
+                raw["description"] = payload
+
+    # We need to cast our `raw` to a metadata, because a TypedDict only support
+    # literal key names, but we're computing our key names on purpose, but the
+    # way this function is implemented, our `TypedDict` can only have valid key
+    # names.
+    return cast(RawMetadata, raw), unparsed
+
+
+_NOT_FOUND = object()
+
+
+# Keep the two values in sync.
+_VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS = ["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
+_MetadataVersion = Literal["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
+
+_REQUIRED_ATTRS = frozenset(["metadata_version", "name", "version"])
+
+
+class _Validator(Generic[T]):
+    """Validate a metadata field.
+
+    All _process_*() methods correspond to a core metadata field. The method is
+    called with the field's raw value. If the raw value is valid it is returned
+    in its "enriched" form (e.g. ``version.Version`` for the ``Version`` field).
+    If the raw value is invalid, :exc:`InvalidMetadata` is raised (with a cause
+    as appropriate).
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    raw_name: str
+    added: _MetadataVersion
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        added: _MetadataVersion = "1.0",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.added = added
+
+    def __set_name__(self, _owner: Metadata, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.raw_name = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[name]
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: Metadata, _owner: type[Metadata]) -> T:
+        # With Python 3.8, the caching can be replaced with functools.cached_property().
+        # No need to check the cache as attribute lookup will resolve into the
+        # instance's __dict__ before __get__ is called.
+        cache = instance.__dict__
+        value = instance._raw.get(self.name)
+
+        # To make the _process_* methods easier, we'll check if the value is None
+        # and if this field is NOT a required attribute, and if both of those
+        # things are true, we'll skip the the converter. This will mean that the
+        # converters never have to deal with the None union.
+        if self.name in _REQUIRED_ATTRS or value is not None:
+            try:
+                converter: Callable[[Any], T] = getattr(self, f"_process_{self.name}")
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                value = converter(value)
+
+        cache[self.name] = value
+        try:
+            del instance._raw[self.name]  # type: ignore[misc]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        return cast(T, value)
+
+    def _invalid_metadata(
+        self, msg: str, cause: Exception | None = None
+    ) -> InvalidMetadata:
+        exc = InvalidMetadata(
+            self.raw_name, msg.format_map({"field": repr(self.raw_name)})
+        )
+        exc.__cause__ = cause
+        return exc
+
+    def _process_metadata_version(self, value: str) -> _MetadataVersion:
+        # Implicitly makes Metadata-Version required.
+        if value not in _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid metadata version")
+        return cast(_MetadataVersion, value)
+
+    def _process_name(self, value: str) -> str:
+        if not value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
+        # Validate the name as a side-effect.
+        try:
+            utils.canonicalize_name(value, validate=True)
+        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def _process_version(self, value: str) -> version_module.Version:
+        if not value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
+        try:
+            return version_module.parse(value)
+        except version_module.InvalidVersion as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+
+    def _process_summary(self, value: str) -> str:
+        """Check the field contains no newlines."""
+        if "\n" in value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} must be a single line")
+        return value
+
+    def _process_description_content_type(self, value: str) -> str:
+        content_types = {"text/plain", "text/x-rst", "text/markdown"}
+        message = email.message.EmailMessage()
+        message["content-type"] = value
+
+        content_type, parameters = (
+            # Defaults to `text/plain` if parsing failed.
+            message.get_content_type().lower(),
+            message["content-type"].params,
+        )
+        # Check if content-type is valid or defaulted to `text/plain` and thus was
+        # not parseable.
+        if content_type not in content_types or content_type not in value.lower():
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{{field}} must be one of {list(content_types)}, not {value!r}"
+            )
+
+        charset = parameters.get("charset", "UTF-8")
+        if charset != "UTF-8":
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{{field}} can only specify the UTF-8 charset, not {list(charset)}"
+            )
+
+        markdown_variants = {"GFM", "CommonMark"}
+        variant = parameters.get("variant", "GFM")  # Use an acceptable default.
+        if content_type == "text/markdown" and variant not in markdown_variants:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"valid Markdown variants for {{field}} are {list(markdown_variants)}, "
+                f"not {variant!r}",
+            )
+        return value
+
+    def _process_dynamic(self, value: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        for dynamic_field in map(str.lower, value):
+            if dynamic_field in {"name", "version", "metadata-version"}:
+                raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                    f"{value!r} is not allowed as a dynamic field"
+                )
+            elif dynamic_field not in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
+                raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid dynamic field")
+        return list(map(str.lower, value))
+
+    def _process_provides_extra(
+        self,
+        value: list[str],
+    ) -> list[utils.NormalizedName]:
+        normalized_names = []
+        try:
+            for name in value:
+                normalized_names.append(utils.canonicalize_name(name, validate=True))
+        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{name!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+        else:
+            return normalized_names
+
+    def _process_requires_python(self, value: str) -> specifiers.SpecifierSet:
+        try:
+            return specifiers.SpecifierSet(value)
+        except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+
+    def _process_requires_dist(
+        self,
+        value: list[str],
+    ) -> list[requirements.Requirement]:
+        reqs = []
+        try:
+            for req in value:
+                reqs.append(requirements.Requirement(req))
+        except requirements.InvalidRequirement as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{req!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc)
+        else:
+            return reqs
+
+
+class Metadata:
+    """Representation of distribution metadata.
+
+    Compared to :class:`RawMetadata`, this class provides objects representing
+    metadata fields instead of only using built-in types. Any invalid metadata
+    will cause :exc:`InvalidMetadata` to be raised (with a
+    :py:attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` attribute as appropriate).
+    """
+
+    _raw: RawMetadata
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_raw(cls, data: RawMetadata, *, validate: bool = True) -> Metadata:
+        """Create an instance from :class:`RawMetadata`.
+
+        If *validate* is true, all metadata will be validated. All exceptions
+        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
+        """
+        ins = cls()
+        ins._raw = data.copy()  # Mutations occur due to caching enriched values.
+
+        if validate:
+            exceptions: list[Exception] = []
+            try:
+                metadata_version = ins.metadata_version
+                metadata_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(metadata_version)
+            except InvalidMetadata as metadata_version_exc:
+                exceptions.append(metadata_version_exc)
+                metadata_version = None
+
+            # Make sure to check for the fields that are present, the required
+            # fields (so their absence can be reported).
+            fields_to_check = frozenset(ins._raw) | _REQUIRED_ATTRS
+            # Remove fields that have already been checked.
+            fields_to_check -= {"metadata_version"}
+
+            for key in fields_to_check:
+                try:
+                    if metadata_version:
+                        # Can't use getattr() as that triggers descriptor protocol which
+                        # will fail due to no value for the instance argument.
+                        try:
+                            field_metadata_version = cls.__dict__[key].added
+                        except KeyError:
+                            exc = InvalidMetadata(key, f"unrecognized field: {key!r}")
+                            exceptions.append(exc)
+                            continue
+                        field_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(
+                            field_metadata_version
+                        )
+                        if field_age > metadata_age:
+                            field = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[key]
+                            exc = InvalidMetadata(
+                                field,
+                                "{field} introduced in metadata version "
+                                "{field_metadata_version}, not {metadata_version}",
+                            )
+                            exceptions.append(exc)
+                            continue
+                    getattr(ins, key)
+                except InvalidMetadata as exc:
+                    exceptions.append(exc)
+
+            if exceptions:
+                raise ExceptionGroup("invalid metadata", exceptions)
+
+        return ins
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_email(cls, data: bytes | str, *, validate: bool = True) -> Metadata:
+        """Parse metadata from email headers.
+
+        If *validate* is true, the metadata will be validated. All exceptions
+        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
+        """
+        raw, unparsed = parse_email(data)
+
+        if validate:
+            exceptions: list[Exception] = []
+            for unparsed_key in unparsed:
+                if unparsed_key in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
+                    message = f"{unparsed_key!r} has invalid data"
+                else:
+                    message = f"unrecognized field: {unparsed_key!r}"
+                exceptions.append(InvalidMetadata(unparsed_key, message))
+
+            if exceptions:
+                raise ExceptionGroup("unparsed", exceptions)
+
+        try:
+            return cls.from_raw(raw, validate=validate)
+        except ExceptionGroup as exc_group:
+            raise ExceptionGroup(
+                "invalid or unparsed metadata", exc_group.exceptions
+            ) from None
+
+    metadata_version: _Validator[_MetadataVersion] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-metadata-version`
+    (required; validated to be a valid metadata version)"""
+    name: _Validator[str] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-name`
+    (required; validated using :func:`~packaging.utils.canonicalize_name` and its
+    *validate* parameter)"""
+    version: _Validator[version_module.Version] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-version` (required)"""
+    dynamic: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(
+        added="2.2",
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-dynamic`
+    (validated against core metadata field names and lowercased)"""
+    platforms: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-platform`"""
+    supported_platforms: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-supported-platform`"""
+    summary: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-summary` (validated to contain no newlines)"""
+    description: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()  # TODO 2.1: can be in body
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description`"""
+    description_content_type: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator(added="2.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description-content-type` (validated)"""
+    keywords: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-keywords`"""
+    home_page: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-home-page`"""
+    download_url: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-download-url`"""
+    author: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author`"""
+    author_email: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author-email`"""
+    maintainer: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer`"""
+    maintainer_email: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer-email`"""
+    license: _Validator[str | None] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-license`"""
+    classifiers: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-classifier`"""
+    requires_dist: _Validator[list[requirements.Requirement] | None] = _Validator(
+        added="1.2"
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-dist`"""
+    requires_python: _Validator[specifiers.SpecifierSet | None] = _Validator(
+        added="1.2"
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-python`"""
+    # Because `Requires-External` allows for non-PEP 440 version specifiers, we
+    # don't do any processing on the values.
+    requires_external: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-external`"""
+    project_urls: _Validator[dict[str, str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-project-url`"""
+    # PEP 685 lets us raise an error if an extra doesn't pass `Name` validation
+    # regardless of metadata version.
+    provides_extra: _Validator[list[utils.NormalizedName] | None] = _Validator(
+        added="2.1",
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-extra`"""
+    provides_dist: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-dist`"""
+    obsoletes_dist: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-obsoletes-dist`"""
+    requires: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Requires`` (deprecated)"""
+    provides: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Provides`` (deprecated)"""
+    obsoletes: _Validator[list[str] | None] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Obsoletes`` (deprecated)"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e068c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Iterator
+
+from ._parser import parse_requirement as _parse_requirement
+from ._tokenizer import ParserSyntaxError
+from .markers import Marker, _normalize_extra_values
+from .specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from .utils import canonicalize_name
+
+
+class InvalidRequirement(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid requirement was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    """Parse a requirement.
+
+    Parse a given requirement string into its parts, such as name, specifier,
+    URL, and extras. Raises InvalidRequirement on a badly-formed requirement
+    string.
+    """
+
+    # TODO: Can we test whether something is contained within a requirement?
+    #       If so how do we do that? Do we need to test against the _name_ of
+    #       the thing as well as the version? What about the markers?
+    # TODO: Can we normalize the name and extra name?
+
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            parsed = _parse_requirement(requirement_string)
+        except ParserSyntaxError as e:
+            raise InvalidRequirement(str(e)) from e
+
+        self.name: str = parsed.name
+        self.url: str | None = parsed.url or None
+        self.extras: set[str] = set(parsed.extras or [])
+        self.specifier: SpecifierSet = SpecifierSet(parsed.specifier)
+        self.marker: Marker | None = None
+        if parsed.marker is not None:
+            self.marker = Marker.__new__(Marker)
+            self.marker._markers = _normalize_extra_values(parsed.marker)
+
+    def _iter_parts(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+        yield name
+
+        if self.extras:
+            formatted_extras = ",".join(sorted(self.extras))
+            yield f"[{formatted_extras}]"
+
+        if self.specifier:
+            yield str(self.specifier)
+
+        if self.url:
+            yield f"@ {self.url}"
+            if self.marker:
+                yield " "
+
+        if self.marker:
+            yield f"; {self.marker}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(self._iter_parts(self.name))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Requirement('{self}')>"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                *self._iter_parts(canonicalize_name(self.name)),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Requirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            canonicalize_name(self.name) == canonicalize_name(other.name)
+            and self.extras == other.extras
+            and self.specifier == other.specifier
+            and self.url == other.url
+            and self.marker == other.marker
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3ac480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1009 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+"""
+.. testsetup::
+
+    from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import Specifier, SpecifierSet, InvalidSpecifier
+    from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import itertools
+import re
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, TypeVar, Union
+
+from .utils import canonicalize_version
+from .version import Version
+
+UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, str]
+UnparsedVersionVar = TypeVar("UnparsedVersionVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
+CallableOperator = Callable[[Version, str], bool]
+
+
+def _coerce_version(version: UnparsedVersion) -> Version:
+    if not isinstance(version, Version):
+        version = Version(version)
+    return version
+
+
+class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError):
+    """
+    Raised when attempting to create a :class:`Specifier` with a specifier
+    string that is invalid.
+
+    >>> Specifier("lolwat")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    packaging.specifiers.InvalidSpecifier: Invalid specifier: 'lolwat'
+    """
+
+
+class BaseSpecifier(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the str representation of this Specifier-like object. This
+        should be representative of the Specifier itself.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns a hash value for this Specifier-like object.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier-like
+        objects are equal.
+
+        :param other: The other object to check against.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def prereleases(self) -> bool | None:
+        """Whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed.
+
+        This can be set to either ``True`` or ``False`` to explicitly enable or disable
+        prereleases or it can be set to ``None`` (the default) to use default semantics.
+        """
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Setter for :attr:`prereleases`.
+
+        :param value: The value to set.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def contains(self, item: str, prereleases: bool | None = None) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
+    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
+        """
+        Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which
+        are contained within this specifier are allowed in it.
+        """
+
+
+class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
+    """This class abstracts handling of version specifiers.
+
+    .. tip::
+
+        It is generally not required to instantiate this manually. You should instead
+        prefer to work with :class:`SpecifierSet` instead, which can parse
+        comma-separated version specifiers (which is what package metadata contains).
+    """
+
+    _operator_regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<operator>(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===))
+        """
+    _version_regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<version>
+            (?:
+                # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will
+                # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install.
+                # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine
+                # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged
+                # but included entirely as an escape hatch.
+                (?<====)  # Only match for the identity operator
+                \s*
+                [^\s;)]*  # The arbitrary version can be just about anything,
+                          # we match everything except for whitespace, a
+                          # semi-colon for marker support, and a closing paren
+                          # since versions can be enclosed in them.
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local
+                # versions to be specified so we have to define these two
+                # operators separately to enable that.
+                (?<===|!=)            # Only match for equals and not equals
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+
+                # You cannot use a wild card and a pre-release, post-release, a dev or
+                # local version together so group them with a | and make them optional.
+                (?:
+                    \.\*  # Wild card syntax of .*
+                    |
+                    (?:                                  # pre release
+                        [-_\.]?
+                        (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
+                        [-_\.]?
+                        [0-9]*
+                    )?
+                    (?:                                  # post release
+                        (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                    )?
+                    (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?         # dev release
+                    (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local
+                )?
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the
+                # release segment.
+                (?<=~=)               # Only match for the compatible operator
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+   # release  (We have a + instead of a *)
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the
+                # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow
+                # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix
+                # matching wild cards.
+                (?<!==|!=|~=)         # We have special cases for these
+                                      # operators so we want to make sure they
+                                      # don't match here.
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+        )
+        """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(
+        r"^\s*" + _operator_regex_str + _version_regex_str + r"\s*$",
+        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+    )
+
+    _operators = {
+        "~=": "compatible",
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+        "===": "arbitrary",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: bool | None = None) -> None:
+        """Initialize a Specifier instance.
+
+        :param spec:
+            The string representation of a specifier which will be parsed and
+            normalized before use.
+        :param prereleases:
+            This tells the specifier if it should accept prerelease versions if
+            applicable or not. The default of ``None`` will autodetect it from the
+            given specifiers.
+        :raises InvalidSpecifier:
+            If the given specifier is invalid (i.e. bad syntax).
+        """
+        match = self._regex.search(spec)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidSpecifier(f"Invalid specifier: '{spec}'")
+
+        self._spec: tuple[str, str] = (
+            match.group("operator").strip(),
+            match.group("version").strip(),
+        )
+
+        # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    # https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/13475#pullrequestreview-1079784515
+    @property  # type: ignore[override]
+    def prereleases(self) -> bool:
+        # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just
+        # blindly use that.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive
+        # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit
+        # prerelease.
+        operator, version = self._spec
+        if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]:
+            # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we
+            # want to remove before parsing.
+            if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"):
+                version = version[:-2]
+
+            # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this
+            # specifier allows pre-releases.
+            if Version(version).is_prerelease:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    @property
+    def operator(self) -> str:
+        """The operator of this specifier.
+
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3").operator
+        '=='
+        """
+        return self._spec[0]
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> str:
+        """The version of this specifier.
+
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3").version
+        '1.2.3'
+        """
+        return self._spec[1]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """A representation of the Specifier that shows all internal state.
+
+        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0')
+        <Specifier('>=1.0.0')>
+        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)
+        <Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)>
+        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)
+        <Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)>
+        """
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """A string representation of the Specifier that can be round-tripped.
+
+        >>> str(Specifier('>=1.0.0'))
+        '>=1.0.0'
+        >>> str(Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False))
+        '>=1.0.0'
+        """
+        return "{}{}".format(*self._spec)
+
+    @property
+    def _canonical_spec(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        canonical_version = canonicalize_version(
+            self._spec[1],
+            strip_trailing_zero=(self._spec[0] != "~="),
+        )
+        return self._spec[0], canonical_version
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._canonical_spec)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """Whether or not the two Specifier-like objects are equal.
+
+        :param other: The other object to check against.
+
+        The value of :attr:`prereleases` is ignored.
+
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("== 1.2.3.0")
+        True
+        >>> (Specifier("==1.2.3", prereleases=False) ==
+        ...  Specifier("==1.2.3", prereleases=True))
+        True
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == "==1.2.3"
+        True
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("==1.2.4")
+        False
+        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("~=1.2.3")
+        False
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            try:
+                other = self.__class__(str(other))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                return NotImplemented
+        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._canonical_spec == other._canonical_spec
+
+    def _get_operator(self, op: str) -> CallableOperator:
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = getattr(
+            self, f"_compare_{self._operators[op]}"
+        )
+        return operator_callable
+
+    def _compare_compatible(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That
+        # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to
+        # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of
+        # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct
+        # the other specifiers.
+
+        # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
+        # ignore suffix segments.
+        prefix = _version_join(
+            list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
+        )
+
+        # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string
+        prefix += ".*"
+
+        return self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and self._get_operator("==")(
+            prospective, prefix
+        )
+
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        # We need special logic to handle prefix matching
+        if spec.endswith(".*"):
+            # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment.
+            normalized_prospective = canonicalize_version(
+                prospective.public, strip_trailing_zero=False
+            )
+            # Get the normalized version string ignoring the trailing .*
+            normalized_spec = canonicalize_version(spec[:-2], strip_trailing_zero=False)
+            # Split the spec out by bangs and dots, and pretend that there is
+            # an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            split_spec = _version_split(normalized_spec)
+
+            # Split the prospective version out by bangs and dots, and pretend
+            # that there is an implicit dot in between a release segment and
+            # a pre-release segment.
+            split_prospective = _version_split(normalized_prospective)
+
+            # 0-pad the prospective version before shortening it to get the correct
+            # shortened version.
+            padded_prospective, _ = _pad_version(split_prospective, split_spec)
+
+            # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec
+            # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the
+            # prospective version or not.
+            shortened_prospective = padded_prospective[: len(split_spec)]
+
+            return shortened_prospective == split_spec
+        else:
+            # Convert our spec string into a Version
+            spec_version = Version(spec)
+
+            # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to
+            # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local
+            # segment.
+            if not spec_version.local:
+                prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+
+            return prospective == spec_version
+
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) <= Version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) >= Version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: Version, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective < spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release
+        # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should
+        # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0).
+        if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same
+        # version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: Version, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective > spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept
+        # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier
+        # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0).
+        if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned
+        # in the specifier, which is technically greater than, to match.
+        if prospective.local is not None:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the
+        # same version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower()
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: str | Version) -> bool:
+        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.
+
+        :param item: The item to check for.
+
+        This is used for the ``in`` operator and behaves the same as
+        :meth:`contains` with no ``prereleases`` argument passed.
+
+        >>> "1.2.3" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
+        True
+        >>> Version("1.2.3") in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
+        True
+        >>> "1.0.0" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
+        False
+        >>> "1.3.0a1" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
+        False
+        >>> "1.3.0a1" in Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True)
+        True
+        """
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: bool | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.
+
+        :param item:
+            The item to check for, which can be a version string or a
+            :class:`Version` instance.
+        :param prereleases:
+            Whether or not to match prereleases with this Specifier. If set to
+            ``None`` (the default), it uses :attr:`prereleases` to determine
+            whether or not prereleases are allowed.
+
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.2.3")
+        True
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains(Version("1.2.3"))
+        True
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.0.0")
+        False
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.3.0a1")
+        False
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).contains("1.3.0a1")
+        True
+        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.3.0a1", prereleases=True)
+        True
+        """
+
+        # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # Normalize item to a Version, this allows us to have a shortcut for
+        # "2.0" in Specifier(">=2")
+        normalized_item = _coerce_version(item)
+
+        # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier
+        # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit
+        # logic if this version is a prereleases.
+        if normalized_item.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+            return False
+
+        # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained
+        # within this Specifier or not.
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = self._get_operator(self.operator)
+        return operator_callable(normalized_item, self.version)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
+    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
+        """Filter items in the given iterable, that match the specifier.
+
+        :param iterable:
+            An iterable that can contain version strings and :class:`Version` instances.
+            The items in the iterable will be filtered according to the specifier.
+        :param prereleases:
+            Whether or not to allow prereleases in the returned iterator. If set to
+            ``None`` (the default), it will be intelligently decide whether to allow
+            prereleases or not (based on the :attr:`prereleases` attribute, and
+            whether the only versions matching are prereleases).
+
+        This method is smarter than just ``filter(Specifier().contains, [...])``
+        because it implements the rule from :pep:`440` that a prerelease item
+        SHOULD be accepted if no other versions match the given specifier.
+
+        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3']
+        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.2.3", "1.3", Version("1.4")]))
+        ['1.2.3', '1.3', <Version('1.4')>]
+        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.5a1']
+        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+        """
+
+        yielded = False
+        found_prereleases = []
+
+        kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True}
+
+        # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of
+        # them match, yield them.
+        for version in iterable:
+            parsed_version = _coerce_version(version)
+
+            if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw):
+                # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow
+                # prereleases, then we'll store it for later in case nothing
+                # else matches this specifier.
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not (
+                    prereleases or self.prereleases
+                ):
+                    found_prereleases.append(version)
+                # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been
+                # accepting prereleases from the beginning.
+                else:
+                    yielded = True
+                    yield version
+
+        # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded
+        # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up
+        # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases.
+        if not yielded and found_prereleases:
+            for version in found_prereleases:
+                yield version
+
+
+_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
+
+
+def _version_split(version: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split version into components.
+
+    The split components are intended for version comparison. The logic does
+    not attempt to retain the original version string, so joining the
+    components back with :func:`_version_join` may not produce the original
+    version string.
+    """
+    result: list[str] = []
+
+    epoch, _, rest = version.rpartition("!")
+    result.append(epoch or "0")
+
+    for item in rest.split("."):
+        match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
+        if match:
+            result.extend(match.groups())
+        else:
+            result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+def _version_join(components: list[str]) -> str:
+    """Join split version components into a version string.
+
+    This function assumes the input came from :func:`_version_split`, where the
+    first component must be the epoch (either empty or numeric), and all other
+    components numeric.
+    """
+    epoch, *rest = components
+    return f"{epoch}!{'.'.join(rest)}"
+
+
+def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
+    return not any(
+        segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
+    )
+
+
+def _pad_version(left: list[str], right: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
+    left_split, right_split = [], []
+
+    # Get the release segment of our versions
+    left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left)))
+    right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right)))
+
+    # Get the rest of our versions
+    left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]) :])
+    right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]) :])
+
+    # Insert our padding
+    left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
+    right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))
+
+    return (
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(left_split)),
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(right_split)),
+    )
+
+
+class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
+    """This class abstracts handling of a set of version specifiers.
+
+    It can be passed a single specifier (``>=3.0``), a comma-separated list of
+    specifiers (``>=3.0,!=3.1``), or no specifier at all.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, specifiers: str = "", prereleases: bool | None = None) -> None:
+        """Initialize a SpecifierSet instance.
+
+        :param specifiers:
+            The string representation of a specifier or a comma-separated list of
+            specifiers which will be parsed and normalized before use.
+        :param prereleases:
+            This tells the SpecifierSet if it should accept prerelease versions if
+            applicable or not. The default of ``None`` will autodetect it from the
+            given specifiers.
+
+        :raises InvalidSpecifier:
+            If the given ``specifiers`` are not parseable than this exception will be
+            raised.
+        """
+
+        # Split on `,` to break each individual specifier into it's own item, and
+        # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
+        split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
+
+        # Make each individual specifier a Specifier and save in a frozen set for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(map(Specifier, split_specifiers))
+
+        # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
+        # we accept prereleases or not.
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> bool | None:
+        # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll
+        # pass that through here.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value,
+        # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have
+        # pre-releases or not.
+        if not self._specs:
+            return None
+
+        # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept
+        # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False.
+        return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs)
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """A representation of the specifier set that shows all internal state.
+
+        Note that the ordering of the individual specifiers within the set may not
+        match the input string.
+
+        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0')
+        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
+        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0', prereleases=False)
+        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)>
+        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0', prereleases=True)
+        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)>
+        """
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<SpecifierSet({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """A string representation of the specifier set that can be round-tripped.
+
+        Note that the ordering of the individual specifiers within the set may not
+        match the input string.
+
+        >>> str(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"))
+        '!=1.0.1,>=1.0.0'
+        >>> str(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=False))
+        '!=1.0.1,>=1.0.0'
+        """
+        return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._specs)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: SpecifierSet | str) -> SpecifierSet:
+        """Return a SpecifierSet which is a combination of the two sets.
+
+        :param other: The other object to combine with.
+
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") & '<=2.0.0,!=2.0.1'
+        <SpecifierSet('!=1.0.1,!=2.0.1,<=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") & SpecifierSet('<=2.0.0,!=2.0.1')
+        <SpecifierSet('!=1.0.1,!=2.0.1,<=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        specifier = SpecifierSet()
+        specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs)
+
+        if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None:
+            specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease "
+                "overrides."
+            )
+
+        return specifier
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """Whether or not the two SpecifierSet-like objects are equal.
+
+        :param other: The other object to check against.
+
+        The value of :attr:`prereleases` is ignored.
+
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
+        True
+        >>> (SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=False) ==
+        ...  SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True))
+        True
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == ">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"
+        True
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0")
+        False
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.2")
+        False
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, (str, Specifier)):
+            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._specs == other._specs
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of specifiers in this specifier set."""
+        return len(self._specs)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Specifier]:
+        """
+        Returns an iterator over all the underlying :class:`Specifier` instances
+        in this specifier set.
+
+        >>> sorted(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"), key=str)
+        [<Specifier('!=1.0.1')>, <Specifier('>=1.0.0')>]
+        """
+        return iter(self._specs)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: UnparsedVersion) -> bool:
+        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.
+
+        :param item: The item to check for.
+
+        This is used for the ``in`` operator and behaves the same as
+        :meth:`contains` with no ``prereleases`` argument passed.
+
+        >>> "1.2.3" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
+        True
+        >>> Version("1.2.3") in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
+        True
+        >>> "1.0.1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
+        False
+        >>> "1.3.0a1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
+        False
+        >>> "1.3.0a1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True)
+        True
+        """
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(
+        self,
+        item: UnparsedVersion,
+        prereleases: bool | None = None,
+        installed: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this SpecifierSet.
+
+        :param item:
+            The item to check for, which can be a version string or a
+            :class:`Version` instance.
+        :param prereleases:
+            Whether or not to match prereleases with this SpecifierSet. If set to
+            ``None`` (the default), it uses :attr:`prereleases` to determine
+            whether or not prereleases are allowed.
+
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.2.3")
+        True
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains(Version("1.2.3"))
+        True
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.0.1")
+        False
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.3.0a1")
+        False
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True).contains("1.3.0a1")
+        True
+        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.3.0a1", prereleases=True)
+        True
+        """
+        # Ensure that our item is a Version instance.
+        if not isinstance(item, Version):
+            item = Version(item)
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to
+        # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do
+        # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can
+        # short circuit that here.
+        # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something
+        #       like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0
+        if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease:
+            return False
+
+        if installed and item.is_prerelease:
+            item = Version(item.base_version)
+
+        # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the
+        # given version is contained within all of them.
+        # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers
+        #       will always return True, this is an explicit design decision.
+        return all(s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases) for s in self._specs)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
+    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
+        """Filter items in the given iterable, that match the specifiers in this set.
+
+        :param iterable:
+            An iterable that can contain version strings and :class:`Version` instances.
+            The items in the iterable will be filtered according to the specifier.
+        :param prereleases:
+            Whether or not to allow prereleases in the returned iterator. If set to
+            ``None`` (the default), it will be intelligently decide whether to allow
+            prereleases or not (based on the :attr:`prereleases` attribute, and
+            whether the only versions matching are prereleases).
+
+        This method is smarter than just ``filter(SpecifierSet(...).contains, [...])``
+        because it implements the rule from :pep:`440` that a prerelease item
+        SHOULD be accepted if no other versions match the given specifier.
+
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3']
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", Version("1.4")]))
+        ['1.3', <Version('1.4')>]
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.5a1"]))
+        []
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+
+        An "empty" SpecifierSet will filter items based on the presence of prerelease
+        versions in the set.
+
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3']
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.5a1']
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet("", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
+        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
+        """
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the
+        # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst
+        # each specifier.
+        if self._specs:
+            for spec in self._specs:
+                iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases))
+            return iter(iterable)
+        # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter
+        # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final
+        # releases.
+        else:
+            filtered: list[UnparsedVersionVar] = []
+            found_prereleases: list[UnparsedVersionVar] = []
+
+            for item in iterable:
+                parsed_version = _coerce_version(item)
+
+                # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've
+                # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+                    if not filtered:
+                        found_prereleases.append(item)
+                else:
+                    filtered.append(item)
+
+            # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go
+            # ahead and use the pre-releases
+            if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None:
+                return iter(found_prereleases)
+
+            return iter(filtered)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6667d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import platform
+import re
+import struct
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.machinery import EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+from typing import (
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from . import _manylinux, _musllinux
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PythonVersion = Sequence[int]
+MacVersion = Tuple[int, int]
+
+INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES: dict[str, str] = {
+    "python": "py",  # Generic.
+    "cpython": "cp",
+    "pypy": "pp",
+    "ironpython": "ip",
+    "jython": "jy",
+}
+
+
+_32_BIT_INTERPRETER = struct.calcsize("P") == 4
+
+
+class Tag:
+    """
+    A representation of the tag triple for a wheel.
+
+    Instances are considered immutable and thus are hashable. Equality checking
+    is also supported.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["_interpreter", "_abi", "_platform", "_hash"]
+
+    def __init__(self, interpreter: str, abi: str, platform: str) -> None:
+        self._interpreter = interpreter.lower()
+        self._abi = abi.lower()
+        self._platform = platform.lower()
+        # The __hash__ of every single element in a Set[Tag] will be evaluated each time
+        # that a set calls its `.disjoint()` method, which may be called hundreds of
+        # times when scanning a page of links for packages with tags matching that
+        # Set[Tag]. Pre-computing the value here produces significant speedups for
+        # downstream consumers.
+        self._hash = hash((self._interpreter, self._abi, self._platform))
+
+    @property
+    def interpreter(self) -> str:
+        return self._interpreter
+
+    @property
+    def abi(self) -> str:
+        return self._abi
+
+    @property
+    def platform(self) -> str:
+        return self._platform
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Tag):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            (self._hash == other._hash)  # Short-circuit ASAP for perf reasons.
+            and (self._platform == other._platform)
+            and (self._abi == other._abi)
+            and (self._interpreter == other._interpreter)
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._interpreter}-{self._abi}-{self._platform}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self} @ {id(self)}>"
+
+
+def parse_tag(tag: str) -> frozenset[Tag]:
+    """
+    Parses the provided tag (e.g. `py3-none-any`) into a frozenset of Tag instances.
+
+    Returning a set is required due to the possibility that the tag is a
+    compressed tag set.
+    """
+    tags = set()
+    interpreters, abis, platforms = tag.split("-")
+    for interpreter in interpreters.split("."):
+        for abi in abis.split("."):
+            for platform_ in platforms.split("."):
+                tags.add(Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_))
+    return frozenset(tags)
+
+
+def _get_config_var(name: str, warn: bool = False) -> int | str | None:
+    value: int | str | None = sysconfig.get_config_var(name)
+    if value is None and warn:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Config variable '%s' is unset, Python ABI tag may be incorrect", name
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _normalize_string(string: str) -> str:
+    return string.replace(".", "_").replace("-", "_").replace(" ", "_")
+
+
+def _is_threaded_cpython(abis: list[str]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if the ABI corresponds to a threaded (`--disable-gil`) build.
+
+    The threaded builds are indicated by a "t" in the abiflags.
+    """
+    if len(abis) == 0:
+        return False
+    # expect e.g., cp313
+    m = re.match(r"cp\d+(.*)", abis[0])
+    if not m:
+        return False
+    abiflags = m.group(1)
+    return "t" in abiflags
+
+
+def _abi3_applies(python_version: PythonVersion, threading: bool) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if the Python version supports abi3.
+
+    PEP 384 was first implemented in Python 3.2. The threaded (`--disable-gil`)
+    builds do not support abi3.
+    """
+    return len(python_version) > 1 and tuple(python_version) >= (3, 2) and not threading
+
+
+def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+    py_version = tuple(py_version)  # To allow for version comparison.
+    abis = []
+    version = _version_nodot(py_version[:2])
+    threading = debug = pymalloc = ucs4 = ""
+    with_debug = _get_config_var("Py_DEBUG", warn)
+    has_refcount = hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount")
+    # Windows doesn't set Py_DEBUG, so checking for support of debug-compiled
+    # extension modules is the best option.
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3383#issuecomment-173267692
+    has_ext = "_d.pyd" in EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+    if with_debug or (with_debug is None and (has_refcount or has_ext)):
+        debug = "d"
+    if py_version >= (3, 13) and _get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED", warn):
+        threading = "t"
+    if py_version < (3, 8):
+        with_pymalloc = _get_config_var("WITH_PYMALLOC", warn)
+        if with_pymalloc or with_pymalloc is None:
+            pymalloc = "m"
+        if py_version < (3, 3):
+            unicode_size = _get_config_var("Py_UNICODE_SIZE", warn)
+            if unicode_size == 4 or (
+                unicode_size is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF
+            ):
+                ucs4 = "u"
+    elif debug:
+        # Debug builds can also load "normal" extension modules.
+        # We can also assume no UCS-4 or pymalloc requirement.
+        abis.append(f"cp{version}{threading}")
+    abis.insert(0, f"cp{version}{threading}{debug}{pymalloc}{ucs4}")
+    return abis
+
+
+def cpython_tags(
+    python_version: PythonVersion | None = None,
+    abis: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    platforms: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a CPython interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - cp<python_version>-<abi>-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-abi3-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-none-<platform>
+    - cp<less than python_version>-abi3-<platform>  # Older Python versions down to 3.2.
+
+    If python_version only specifies a major version then user-provided ABIs and
+    the 'none' ABItag will be used.
+
+    If 'abi3' or 'none' are specified in 'abis' then they will be yielded at
+    their normal position and not at the beginning.
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+    interpreter = f"cp{_version_nodot(python_version[:2])}"
+
+    if abis is None:
+        if len(python_version) > 1:
+            abis = _cpython_abis(python_version, warn)
+        else:
+            abis = []
+    abis = list(abis)
+    # 'abi3' and 'none' are explicitly handled later.
+    for explicit_abi in ("abi3", "none"):
+        try:
+            abis.remove(explicit_abi)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+
+    threading = _is_threaded_cpython(abis)
+    use_abi3 = _abi3_applies(python_version, threading)
+    if use_abi3:
+        yield from (Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+    yield from (Tag(interpreter, "none", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+
+    if use_abi3:
+        for minor_version in range(python_version[1] - 1, 1, -1):
+            for platform_ in platforms:
+                interpreter = "cp{version}".format(
+                    version=_version_nodot((python_version[0], minor_version))
+                )
+                yield Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_)
+
+
+def _generic_abi() -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Return the ABI tag based on EXT_SUFFIX.
+    """
+    # The following are examples of `EXT_SUFFIX`.
+    # We want to keep the parts which are related to the ABI and remove the
+    # parts which are related to the platform:
+    # - linux:   '.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so' => cp310
+    # - mac:     '.cpython-310-darwin.so'           => cp310
+    # - win:     '.cp310-win_amd64.pyd'             => cp310
+    # - win:     '.pyd'                             => cp37 (uses _cpython_abis())
+    # - pypy:    '.pypy38-pp73-x86_64-linux-gnu.so' => pypy38_pp73
+    # - graalpy: '.graalpy-38-native-x86_64-darwin.dylib'
+    #                                               => graalpy_38_native
+
+    ext_suffix = _get_config_var("EXT_SUFFIX", warn=True)
+    if not isinstance(ext_suffix, str) or ext_suffix[0] != ".":
+        raise SystemError("invalid sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX')")
+    parts = ext_suffix.split(".")
+    if len(parts) < 3:
+        # CPython3.7 and earlier uses ".pyd" on Windows.
+        return _cpython_abis(sys.version_info[:2])
+    soabi = parts[1]
+    if soabi.startswith("cpython"):
+        # non-windows
+        abi = "cp" + soabi.split("-")[1]
+    elif soabi.startswith("cp"):
+        # windows
+        abi = soabi.split("-")[0]
+    elif soabi.startswith("pypy"):
+        abi = "-".join(soabi.split("-")[:2])
+    elif soabi.startswith("graalpy"):
+        abi = "-".join(soabi.split("-")[:3])
+    elif soabi:
+        # pyston, ironpython, others?
+        abi = soabi
+    else:
+        return []
+    return [_normalize_string(abi)]
+
+
+def generic_tags(
+    interpreter: str | None = None,
+    abis: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    platforms: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a generic interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - <interpreter>-<abi>-<platform>
+
+    The "none" ABI will be added if it was not explicitly provided.
+    """
+    if not interpreter:
+        interp_name = interpreter_name()
+        interp_version = interpreter_version(warn=warn)
+        interpreter = "".join([interp_name, interp_version])
+    if abis is None:
+        abis = _generic_abi()
+    else:
+        abis = list(abis)
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    if "none" not in abis:
+        abis.append("none")
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+
+
+def _py_interpreter_range(py_version: PythonVersion) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields Python versions in descending order.
+
+    After the latest version, the major-only version will be yielded, and then
+    all previous versions of that major version.
+    """
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        yield f"py{_version_nodot(py_version[:2])}"
+    yield f"py{py_version[0]}"
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        for minor in range(py_version[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+            yield f"py{_version_nodot((py_version[0], minor))}"
+
+
+def compatible_tags(
+    python_version: PythonVersion | None = None,
+    interpreter: str | None = None,
+    platforms: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the sequence of tags that are compatible with a specific version of Python.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - py*-none-<platform>
+    - <interpreter>-none-any  # ... if `interpreter` is provided.
+    - py*-none-any
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(version, "none", platform_)
+    if interpreter:
+        yield Tag(interpreter, "none", "any")
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        yield Tag(version, "none", "any")
+
+
+def _mac_arch(arch: str, is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> str:
+    if not is_32bit:
+        return arch
+
+    if arch.startswith("ppc"):
+        return "ppc"
+
+    return "i386"
+
+
+def _mac_binary_formats(version: MacVersion, cpu_arch: str) -> list[str]:
+    formats = [cpu_arch]
+    if cpu_arch == "x86_64":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat64", "fat32"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "i386":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat32", "fat"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc64":
+        # TODO: Need to care about 32-bit PPC for ppc64 through 10.2?
+        if version > (10, 5) or version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.append("fat64")
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc":
+        if version > (10, 6):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["fat32", "fat"])
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"arm64", "x86_64"}:
+        formats.append("universal2")
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"x86_64", "i386", "ppc64", "ppc", "intel"}:
+        formats.append("universal")
+
+    return formats
+
+
+def mac_platforms(
+    version: MacVersion | None = None, arch: str | None = None
+) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields the platform tags for a macOS system.
+
+    The `version` parameter is a two-item tuple specifying the macOS version to
+    generate platform tags for. The `arch` parameter is the CPU architecture to
+    generate platform tags for. Both parameters default to the appropriate value
+    for the current system.
+    """
+    version_str, _, cpu_arch = platform.mac_ver()
+    if version is None:
+        version = cast("MacVersion", tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2])))
+        if version == (10, 16):
+            # When built against an older macOS SDK, Python will report macOS 10.16
+            # instead of the real version.
+            version_str = subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    sys.executable,
+                    "-sS",
+                    "-c",
+                    "import platform; print(platform.mac_ver()[0])",
+                ],
+                check=True,
+                env={"SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT": "0"},
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                text=True,
+            ).stdout
+            version = cast("MacVersion", tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2])))
+    else:
+        version = version
+    if arch is None:
+        arch = _mac_arch(cpu_arch)
+    else:
+        arch = arch
+
+    if (10, 0) <= version and version < (11, 0):
+        # Prior to Mac OS 11, each yearly release of Mac OS bumped the
+        # "minor" version number.  The major version was always 10.
+        for minor_version in range(version[1], -1, -1):
+            compat_version = 10, minor_version
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=10, minor=minor_version, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Starting with Mac OS 11, each yearly release bumps the major version
+        # number.   The minor versions are now the midyear updates.
+        for major_version in range(version[0], 10, -1):
+            compat_version = major_version, 0
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=major_version, minor=0, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Mac OS 11 on x86_64 is compatible with binaries from previous releases.
+        # Arm64 support was introduced in 11.0, so no Arm binaries from previous
+        # releases exist.
+        #
+        # However, the "universal2" binary format can have a
+        # macOS version earlier than 11.0 when the x86_64 part of the binary supports
+        # that version of macOS.
+        if arch == "x86_64":
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+                for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                    yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                        major=compat_version[0],
+                        minor=compat_version[1],
+                        binary_format=binary_format,
+                    )
+        else:
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_format = "universal2"
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=compat_version[0],
+                    minor=compat_version[1],
+                    binary_format=binary_format,
+                )
+
+
+def _linux_platforms(is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> Iterator[str]:
+    linux = _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+    if not linux.startswith("linux_"):
+        # we should never be here, just yield the sysconfig one and return
+        yield linux
+        return
+    if is_32bit:
+        if linux == "linux_x86_64":
+            linux = "linux_i686"
+        elif linux == "linux_aarch64":
+            linux = "linux_armv8l"
+    _, arch = linux.split("_", 1)
+    archs = {"armv8l": ["armv8l", "armv7l"]}.get(arch, [arch])
+    yield from _manylinux.platform_tags(archs)
+    yield from _musllinux.platform_tags(archs)
+    for arch in archs:
+        yield f"linux_{arch}"
+
+
+def _generic_platforms() -> Iterator[str]:
+    yield _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+
+
+def platform_tags() -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Provides the platform tags for this installation.
+    """
+    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
+        return mac_platforms()
+    elif platform.system() == "Linux":
+        return _linux_platforms()
+    else:
+        return _generic_platforms()
+
+
+def interpreter_name() -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the name of the running interpreter.
+
+    Some implementations have a reserved, two-letter abbreviation which will
+    be returned when appropriate.
+    """
+    name = sys.implementation.name
+    return INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES.get(name) or name
+
+
+def interpreter_version(*, warn: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the version of the running interpreter.
+    """
+    version = _get_config_var("py_version_nodot", warn=warn)
+    if version:
+        version = str(version)
+    else:
+        version = _version_nodot(sys.version_info[:2])
+    return version
+
+
+def _version_nodot(version: PythonVersion) -> str:
+    return "".join(map(str, version))
+
+
+def sys_tags(*, warn: bool = False) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Returns the sequence of tag triples for the running interpreter.
+
+    The order of the sequence corresponds to priority order for the
+    interpreter, from most to least important.
+    """
+
+    interp_name = interpreter_name()
+    if interp_name == "cp":
+        yield from cpython_tags(warn=warn)
+    else:
+        yield from generic_tags()
+
+    if interp_name == "pp":
+        interp = "pp3"
+    elif interp_name == "cp":
+        interp = "cp" + interpreter_version(warn=warn)
+    else:
+        interp = None
+    yield from compatible_tags(interpreter=interp)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d33da5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import NewType, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from .tags import Tag, parse_tag
+from .version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+NormalizedName = NewType("NormalizedName", str)
+
+
+class InvalidName(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid distribution name; users should refer to the packaging user guide.
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid wheel filename was found, users should refer to PEP 427.
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidSdistFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid sdist filename was found, users should refer to the packaging user guide.
+    """
+
+
+# Core metadata spec for `Name`
+_validate_regex = re.compile(
+    r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+)
+_canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
+_normalized_regex = re.compile(r"^([a-z0-9]|[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-](?!--))*[a-z0-9])$")
+# PEP 427: The build number must start with a digit.
+_build_tag_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)(.*)")
+
+
+def canonicalize_name(name: str, *, validate: bool = False) -> NormalizedName:
+    if validate and not _validate_regex.match(name):
+        raise InvalidName(f"name is invalid: {name!r}")
+    # This is taken from PEP 503.
+    value = _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower()
+    return cast(NormalizedName, value)
+
+
+def is_normalized_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return _normalized_regex.match(name) is not None
+
+
+def canonicalize_version(
+    version: Version | str, *, strip_trailing_zero: bool = True
+) -> str:
+    """
+    This is very similar to Version.__str__, but has one subtle difference
+    with the way it handles the release segment.
+    """
+    if isinstance(version, str):
+        try:
+            parsed = Version(version)
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            # Legacy versions cannot be normalized
+            return version
+    else:
+        parsed = version
+
+    parts = []
+
+    # Epoch
+    if parsed.epoch != 0:
+        parts.append(f"{parsed.epoch}!")
+
+    # Release segment
+    release_segment = ".".join(str(x) for x in parsed.release)
+    if strip_trailing_zero:
+        # NB: This strips trailing '.0's to normalize
+        release_segment = re.sub(r"(\.0)+$", "", release_segment)
+    parts.append(release_segment)
+
+    # Pre-release
+    if parsed.pre is not None:
+        parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in parsed.pre))
+
+    # Post-release
+    if parsed.post is not None:
+        parts.append(f".post{parsed.post}")
+
+    # Development release
+    if parsed.dev is not None:
+        parts.append(f".dev{parsed.dev}")
+
+    # Local version segment
+    if parsed.local is not None:
+        parts.append(f"+{parsed.local}")
+
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def parse_wheel_filename(
+    filename: str,
+) -> tuple[NormalizedName, Version, BuildTag, frozenset[Tag]]:
+    if not filename.endswith(".whl"):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (extension must be '.whl'): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    filename = filename[:-4]
+    dashes = filename.count("-")
+    if dashes not in (4, 5):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (wrong number of parts): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    parts = filename.split("-", dashes - 2)
+    name_part = parts[0]
+    # See PEP 427 for the rules on escaping the project name.
+    if "__" in name_part or re.match(r"^[\w\d._]*$", name_part, re.UNICODE) is None:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"Invalid project name: {filename}")
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(parts[1])
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
+    if dashes == 5:
+        build_part = parts[2]
+        build_match = _build_tag_regex.match(build_part)
+        if build_match is None:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+                f"Invalid build number: {build_part} in '{filename}'"
+            )
+        build = cast(BuildTag, (int(build_match.group(1)), build_match.group(2)))
+    else:
+        build = ()
+    tags = parse_tag(parts[-1])
+    return (name, version, build, tags)
+
+
+def parse_sdist_filename(filename: str) -> tuple[NormalizedName, Version]:
+    if filename.endswith(".tar.gz"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".tar.gz")]
+    elif filename.endswith(".zip"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".zip")]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (extension must be '.tar.gz' or '.zip'):"
+            f" {filename}"
+        )
+
+    # We are requiring a PEP 440 version, which cannot contain dashes,
+    # so we split on the last dash.
+    name_part, sep, version_part = file_stem.rpartition("-")
+    if not sep:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(f"Invalid sdist filename: {filename}")
+
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(version_part)
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
+    return (name, version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b0a040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+"""
+.. testsetup::
+
+    from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse, Version
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import re
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, SupportsInt, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._structures import Infinity, InfinityType, NegativeInfinity, NegativeInfinityType
+
+__all__ = ["VERSION_PATTERN", "parse", "Version", "InvalidVersion"]
+
+LocalType = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+
+CmpPrePostDevType = Union[InfinityType, NegativeInfinityType, Tuple[str, int]]
+CmpLocalType = Union[
+    NegativeInfinityType,
+    Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[NegativeInfinityType, Union[int, str]]], ...],
+]
+CmpKey = Tuple[
+    int,
+    Tuple[int, ...],
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpLocalType,
+]
+VersionComparisonMethod = Callable[[CmpKey, CmpKey], bool]
+
+
+class _Version(NamedTuple):
+    epoch: int
+    release: tuple[int, ...]
+    dev: tuple[str, int] | None
+    pre: tuple[str, int] | None
+    post: tuple[str, int] | None
+    local: LocalType | None
+
+
+def parse(version: str) -> Version:
+    """Parse the given version string.
+
+    >>> parse('1.0.dev1')
+    <Version('1.0.dev1')>
+
+    :param version: The version string to parse.
+    :raises InvalidVersion: When the version string is not a valid version.
+    """
+    return Version(version)
+
+
+class InvalidVersion(ValueError):
+    """Raised when a version string is not a valid version.
+
+    >>> Version("invalid")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    packaging.version.InvalidVersion: Invalid version: 'invalid'
+    """
+
+
+class _BaseVersion:
+    _key: tuple[Any, ...]
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._key)
+
+    # Please keep the duplicated `isinstance` check
+    # in the six comparisons hereunder
+    # unless you find a way to avoid adding overhead function calls.
+    def __lt__(self, other: _BaseVersion) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key < other._key
+
+    def __le__(self, other: _BaseVersion) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key <= other._key
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key == other._key
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: _BaseVersion) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key >= other._key
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: _BaseVersion) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key > other._key
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key != other._key
+
+
+# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it
+# easier for 3rd party code to reuse
+_VERSION_PATTERN = r"""
+    v?
+    (?:
+        (?:(?P<epoch>[0-9]+)!)?                           # epoch
+        (?P<release>[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                  # release segment
+        (?P<pre>                                          # pre-release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_l>alpha|a|beta|b|preview|pre|c|rc)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+        (?P<post>                                         # post release
+            (?:-(?P<post_n1>[0-9]+))
+            |
+            (?:
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_l>post|rev|r)
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_n2>[0-9]+)?
+            )
+        )?
+        (?P<dev>                                          # dev release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_l>dev)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+    )
+    (?:\+(?P<local>[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
+"""
+
+VERSION_PATTERN = _VERSION_PATTERN
+"""
+A string containing the regular expression used to match a valid version.
+
+The pattern is not anchored at either end, and is intended for embedding in larger
+expressions (for example, matching a version number as part of a file name). The
+regular expression should be compiled with the ``re.VERBOSE`` and ``re.IGNORECASE``
+flags set.
+
+:meta hide-value:
+"""
+
+
+class Version(_BaseVersion):
+    """This class abstracts handling of a project's versions.
+
+    A :class:`Version` instance is comparison aware and can be compared and
+    sorted using the standard Python interfaces.
+
+    >>> v1 = Version("1.0a5")
+    >>> v2 = Version("1.0")
+    >>> v1
+    <Version('1.0a5')>
+    >>> v2
+    <Version('1.0')>
+    >>> v1 < v2
+    True
+    >>> v1 == v2
+    False
+    >>> v1 > v2
+    False
+    >>> v1 >= v2
+    False
+    >>> v1 <= v2
+    True
+    """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+    _key: CmpKey
+
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
+        """Initialize a Version object.
+
+        :param version:
+            The string representation of a version which will be parsed and normalized
+            before use.
+        :raises InvalidVersion:
+            If the ``version`` does not conform to PEP 440 in any way then this
+            exception will be raised.
+        """
+
+        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
+        match = self._regex.search(version)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidVersion(f"Invalid version: '{version}'")
+
+        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
+        self._version = _Version(
+            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
+            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
+            pre=_parse_letter_version(match.group("pre_l"), match.group("pre_n")),
+            post=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("post_l"), match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2")
+            ),
+            dev=_parse_letter_version(match.group("dev_l"), match.group("dev_n")),
+            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
+        )
+
+        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
+        self._key = _cmpkey(
+            self._version.epoch,
+            self._version.release,
+            self._version.pre,
+            self._version.post,
+            self._version.dev,
+            self._version.local,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """A representation of the Version that shows all internal state.
+
+        >>> Version('1.0.0')
+        <Version('1.0.0')>
+        """
+        return f"<Version('{self}')>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """A string representation of the version that can be rounded-tripped.
+
+        >>> str(Version("1.0a5"))
+        '1.0a5'
+        """
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        # Pre-release
+        if self.pre is not None:
+            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self.pre))
+
+        # Post-release
+        if self.post is not None:
+            parts.append(f".post{self.post}")
+
+        # Development release
+        if self.dev is not None:
+            parts.append(f".dev{self.dev}")
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self.local is not None:
+            parts.append(f"+{self.local}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def epoch(self) -> int:
+        """The epoch of the version.
+
+        >>> Version("2.0.0").epoch
+        0
+        >>> Version("1!2.0.0").epoch
+        1
+        """
+        return self._version.epoch
+
+    @property
+    def release(self) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        """The components of the "release" segment of the version.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").release
+        (1, 2, 3)
+        >>> Version("2.0.0").release
+        (2, 0, 0)
+        >>> Version("1!2.0.0.post0").release
+        (2, 0, 0)
+
+        Includes trailing zeroes but not the epoch or any pre-release / development /
+        post-release suffixes.
+        """
+        return self._version.release
+
+    @property
+    def pre(self) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+        """The pre-release segment of the version.
+
+        >>> print(Version("1.2.3").pre)
+        None
+        >>> Version("1.2.3a1").pre
+        ('a', 1)
+        >>> Version("1.2.3b1").pre
+        ('b', 1)
+        >>> Version("1.2.3rc1").pre
+        ('rc', 1)
+        """
+        return self._version.pre
+
+    @property
+    def post(self) -> int | None:
+        """The post-release number of the version.
+
+        >>> print(Version("1.2.3").post)
+        None
+        >>> Version("1.2.3.post1").post
+        1
+        """
+        return self._version.post[1] if self._version.post else None
+
+    @property
+    def dev(self) -> int | None:
+        """The development number of the version.
+
+        >>> print(Version("1.2.3").dev)
+        None
+        >>> Version("1.2.3.dev1").dev
+        1
+        """
+        return self._version.dev[1] if self._version.dev else None
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> str | None:
+        """The local version segment of the version.
+
+        >>> print(Version("1.2.3").local)
+        None
+        >>> Version("1.2.3+abc").local
+        'abc'
+        """
+        if self._version.local:
+            return ".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def public(self) -> str:
+        """The public portion of the version.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").public
+        '1.2.3'
+        >>> Version("1.2.3+abc").public
+        '1.2.3'
+        >>> Version("1.2.3+abc.dev1").public
+        '1.2.3'
+        """
+        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self) -> str:
+        """The "base version" of the version.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").base_version
+        '1.2.3'
+        >>> Version("1.2.3+abc").base_version
+        '1.2.3'
+        >>> Version("1!1.2.3+abc.dev1").base_version
+        '1!1.2.3'
+
+        The "base version" is the public version of the project without any pre or post
+        release markers.
+        """
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this version is a pre-release.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").is_prerelease
+        False
+        >>> Version("1.2.3a1").is_prerelease
+        True
+        >>> Version("1.2.3b1").is_prerelease
+        True
+        >>> Version("1.2.3rc1").is_prerelease
+        True
+        >>> Version("1.2.3dev1").is_prerelease
+        True
+        """
+        return self.dev is not None or self.pre is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this version is a post-release.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").is_postrelease
+        False
+        >>> Version("1.2.3.post1").is_postrelease
+        True
+        """
+        return self.post is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_devrelease(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this version is a development release.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").is_devrelease
+        False
+        >>> Version("1.2.3.dev1").is_devrelease
+        True
+        """
+        return self.dev is not None
+
+    @property
+    def major(self) -> int:
+        """The first item of :attr:`release` or ``0`` if unavailable.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").major
+        1
+        """
+        return self.release[0] if len(self.release) >= 1 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def minor(self) -> int:
+        """The second item of :attr:`release` or ``0`` if unavailable.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").minor
+        2
+        >>> Version("1").minor
+        0
+        """
+        return self.release[1] if len(self.release) >= 2 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def micro(self) -> int:
+        """The third item of :attr:`release` or ``0`` if unavailable.
+
+        >>> Version("1.2.3").micro
+        3
+        >>> Version("1").micro
+        0
+        """
+        return self.release[2] if len(self.release) >= 3 else 0
+
+
+def _parse_letter_version(
+    letter: str | None, number: str | bytes | SupportsInt | None
+) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+    if letter:
+        # We consider there to be an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
+        # not a numeral associated with it.
+        if number is None:
+            number = 0
+
+        # We normalize any letters to their lower case form
+        letter = letter.lower()
+
+        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
+        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
+        # spelling.
+        if letter == "alpha":
+            letter = "a"
+        elif letter == "beta":
+            letter = "b"
+        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
+            letter = "rc"
+        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
+            letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+    if not letter and number:
+        # We assume if we are given a number, but we are not given a letter
+        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g. 1.0-1)
+        letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+
+    return None
+
+
+_local_version_separators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
+
+
+def _parse_local_version(local: str | None) -> LocalType | None:
+    """
+    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
+    """
+    if local is not None:
+        return tuple(
+            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
+            for part in _local_version_separators.split(local)
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _cmpkey(
+    epoch: int,
+    release: tuple[int, ...],
+    pre: tuple[str, int] | None,
+    post: tuple[str, int] | None,
+    dev: tuple[str, int] | None,
+    local: LocalType | None,
+) -> CmpKey:
+    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
+    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
+    # leading zeros until we come to something non zero, then take the rest
+    # re-reverse it back into the correct order and make it a tuple and use
+    # that for our sorting key.
+    _release = tuple(
+        reversed(list(itertools.dropwhile(lambda x: x == 0, reversed(release))))
+    )
+
+    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
+    # We'll do this by abusing the pre segment, but we _only_ want to do this
+    # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
+    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
+    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
+        _pre: CmpPrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
+    # those with one.
+    elif pre is None:
+        _pre = Infinity
+    else:
+        _pre = pre
+
+    # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
+    if post is None:
+        _post: CmpPrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+
+    else:
+        _post = post
+
+    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
+    if dev is None:
+        _dev: CmpPrePostDevType = Infinity
+
+    else:
+        _dev = dev
+
+    if local is None:
+        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
+        _local: CmpLocalType = NegativeInfinity
+    else:
+        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
+        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort before numeric segments
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort lexicographically
+        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
+        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
+        #   match exactly
+        _local = tuple(
+            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (NegativeInfinity, i) for i in local
+        )
+
+    return epoch, _release, _pre, _post, _dev, _local
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57ce7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3676 @@
+# TODO: Add Generic type annotations to initialized collections.
+# For now we'd simply use implicit Any/Unknown which would add redundant annotations
+# mypy: disable-error-code="var-annotated"
+"""
+Package resource API
+--------------------
+
+A resource is a logical file contained within a package, or a logical
+subdirectory thereof.  The package resource API expects resource names
+to have their path parts separated with ``/``, *not* whatever the local
+path separator is.  Do not use os.path operations to manipulate resource
+names being passed into the API.
+
+The package resource API is designed to work with normal filesystem packages,
+.egg files, and unpacked .egg files.  It can also work in a limited way with
+.zip files and with custom PEP 302 loaders that support the ``get_data()``
+method.
+
+This module is deprecated. Users are directed to :mod:`importlib.resources`,
+:mod:`importlib.metadata` and :pypi:`packaging` instead.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # noqa: UP036 # Check for unsupported versions
+    raise RuntimeError("Python 3.8 or later is required")
+
+import os
+import io
+import time
+import re
+import types
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Dict,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    NamedTuple,
+    NoReturn,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Protocol,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+import warnings
+import stat
+import functools
+import pkgutil
+import operator
+import platform
+import collections
+import plistlib
+import email.parser
+import errno
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+import inspect
+import ntpath
+import posixpath
+import importlib
+import importlib.abc
+import importlib.machinery
+from pkgutil import get_importer
+
+import _imp
+
+# capture these to bypass sandboxing
+from os import utime
+from os import open as os_open
+from os.path import isdir, split
+
+try:
+    from os import mkdir, rename, unlink
+
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = True
+except ImportError:
+    # no write support, probably under GAE
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = False
+
+from pip._internal.utils._jaraco_text import (
+    yield_lines,
+    drop_comment,
+    join_continuation,
+)
+from pip._vendor.packaging import markers as _packaging_markers
+from pip._vendor.packaging import requirements as _packaging_requirements
+from pip._vendor.packaging import utils as _packaging_utils
+from pip._vendor.packaging import version as _packaging_version
+from pip._vendor.platformdirs import user_cache_dir as _user_cache_dir
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import BytesPath, StrPath, StrOrBytesPath
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Self
+
+
+# Patch: Remove deprecation warning from vendored pkg_resources.
+# Setting PYTHONWARNINGS=error to verify builds produce no warnings
+# causes immediate exceptions.
+# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12243
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_DistributionT = TypeVar("_DistributionT", bound="Distribution")
+# Type aliases
+_NestedStr = Union[str, Iterable[Union[str, Iterable["_NestedStr"]]]]
+_InstallerTypeT = Callable[["Requirement"], "_DistributionT"]
+_InstallerType = Callable[["Requirement"], Union["Distribution", None]]
+_PkgReqType = Union[str, "Requirement"]
+_EPDistType = Union["Distribution", _PkgReqType]
+_MetadataType = Union["IResourceProvider", None]
+_ResolvedEntryPoint = Any  # Can be any attribute in the module
+_ResourceStream = Any  # TODO / Incomplete: A readable file-like object
+# Any object works, but let's indicate we expect something like a module (optionally has __loader__ or __file__)
+_ModuleLike = Union[object, types.ModuleType]
+# Any: Should be _ModuleLike but we end up with issues where _ModuleLike doesn't have _ZipLoaderModule's __loader__
+_ProviderFactoryType = Callable[[Any], "IResourceProvider"]
+_DistFinderType = Callable[[_T, str, bool], Iterable["Distribution"]]
+_NSHandlerType = Callable[[_T, str, str, types.ModuleType], Union[str, None]]
+_AdapterT = TypeVar(
+    "_AdapterT", _DistFinderType[Any], _ProviderFactoryType, _NSHandlerType[Any]
+)
+
+
+# Use _typeshed.importlib.LoaderProtocol once available https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/11890
+class _LoaderProtocol(Protocol):
+    def load_module(self, fullname: str, /) -> types.ModuleType: ...
+
+
+class _ZipLoaderModule(Protocol):
+    __loader__: zipimport.zipimporter
+
+
+_PEP440_FALLBACK = re.compile(r"^v?(?P<safe>(?:[0-9]+!)?[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)", re.I)
+
+
+class PEP440Warning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """
+    Used when there is an issue with a version or specifier not complying with
+    PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+parse_version = _packaging_version.Version
+
+
+_state_vars: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+
+def _declare_state(vartype: str, varname: str, initial_value: _T) -> _T:
+    _state_vars[varname] = vartype
+    return initial_value
+
+
+def __getstate__() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    state = {}
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in _state_vars.items():
+        state[k] = g['_sget_' + v](g[k])
+    return state
+
+
+def __setstate__(state: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in state.items():
+        g['_sset_' + _state_vars[k]](k, g[k], v)
+    return state
+
+
+def _sget_dict(val):
+    return val.copy()
+
+
+def _sset_dict(key, ob, state):
+    ob.clear()
+    ob.update(state)
+
+
+def _sget_object(val):
+    return val.__getstate__()
+
+
+def _sset_object(key, ob, state):
+    ob.__setstate__(state)
+
+
+_sget_none = _sset_none = lambda *args: None
+
+
+def get_supported_platform():
+    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.
+
+    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
+    of macOS that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
+    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
+    version of macOS that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
+    explicitly require a newer version of macOS, we must also know the
+    current version of the OS.
+
+    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
+    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
+    """
+    plat = get_build_platform()
+    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
+    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
+        try:
+            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macos_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
+        except ValueError:
+            # not macOS
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Basic resource access and distribution/entry point discovery
+    'require',
+    'run_script',
+    'get_provider',
+    'get_distribution',
+    'load_entry_point',
+    'get_entry_map',
+    'get_entry_info',
+    'iter_entry_points',
+    'resource_string',
+    'resource_stream',
+    'resource_filename',
+    'resource_listdir',
+    'resource_exists',
+    'resource_isdir',
+    # Environmental control
+    'declare_namespace',
+    'working_set',
+    'add_activation_listener',
+    'find_distributions',
+    'set_extraction_path',
+    'cleanup_resources',
+    'get_default_cache',
+    # Primary implementation classes
+    'Environment',
+    'WorkingSet',
+    'ResourceManager',
+    'Distribution',
+    'Requirement',
+    'EntryPoint',
+    # Exceptions
+    'ResolutionError',
+    'VersionConflict',
+    'DistributionNotFound',
+    'UnknownExtra',
+    'ExtractionError',
+    # Warnings
+    'PEP440Warning',
+    # Parsing functions and string utilities
+    'parse_requirements',
+    'parse_version',
+    'safe_name',
+    'safe_version',
+    'get_platform',
+    'compatible_platforms',
+    'yield_lines',
+    'split_sections',
+    'safe_extra',
+    'to_filename',
+    'invalid_marker',
+    'evaluate_marker',
+    # filesystem utilities
+    'ensure_directory',
+    'normalize_path',
+    # Distribution "precedence" constants
+    'EGG_DIST',
+    'BINARY_DIST',
+    'SOURCE_DIST',
+    'CHECKOUT_DIST',
+    'DEVELOP_DIST',
+    # "Provider" interfaces, implementations, and registration/lookup APIs
+    'IMetadataProvider',
+    'IResourceProvider',
+    'FileMetadata',
+    'PathMetadata',
+    'EggMetadata',
+    'EmptyProvider',
+    'empty_provider',
+    'NullProvider',
+    'EggProvider',
+    'DefaultProvider',
+    'ZipProvider',
+    'register_finder',
+    'register_namespace_handler',
+    'register_loader_type',
+    'fixup_namespace_packages',
+    'get_importer',
+    # Warnings
+    'PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning',
+    # Deprecated/backward compatibility only
+    'run_main',
+    'AvailableDistributions',
+]
+
+
+class ResolutionError(Exception):
+    """Abstract base for dependency resolution errors"""
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + repr(self.args)
+
+
+class VersionConflict(ResolutionError):
+    """
+    An already-installed version conflicts with the requested version.
+
+    Should be initialized with the installed Distribution and the requested
+    Requirement.
+    """
+
+    _template = "{self.dist} is installed but {self.req} is required"
+
+    @property
+    def dist(self) -> Distribution:
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def req(self) -> Requirement:
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def with_context(self, required_by: set[Distribution | str]):
+        """
+        If required_by is non-empty, return a version of self that is a
+        ContextualVersionConflict.
+        """
+        if not required_by:
+            return self
+        args = self.args + (required_by,)
+        return ContextualVersionConflict(*args)
+
+
+class ContextualVersionConflict(VersionConflict):
+    """
+    A VersionConflict that accepts a third parameter, the set of the
+    requirements that required the installed Distribution.
+    """
+
+    _template = VersionConflict._template + ' by {self.required_by}'
+
+    @property
+    def required_by(self) -> set[str]:
+        return self.args[2]
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(ResolutionError):
+    """A requested distribution was not found"""
+
+    _template = (
+        "The '{self.req}' distribution was not found "
+        "and is required by {self.requirers_str}"
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def req(self) -> Requirement:
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers(self) -> set[str] | None:
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers_str(self):
+        if not self.requirers:
+            return 'the application'
+        return ', '.join(self.requirers)
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.report()
+
+
+class UnknownExtra(ResolutionError):
+    """Distribution doesn't have an "extra feature" of the given name"""
+
+
+_provider_factories: dict[type[_ModuleLike], _ProviderFactoryType] = {}
+
+PY_MAJOR = '{}.{}'.format(*sys.version_info)
+EGG_DIST = 3
+BINARY_DIST = 2
+SOURCE_DIST = 1
+CHECKOUT_DIST = 0
+DEVELOP_DIST = -1
+
+
+def register_loader_type(
+    loader_type: type[_ModuleLike], provider_factory: _ProviderFactoryType
+):
+    """Register `provider_factory` to make providers for `loader_type`
+
+    `loader_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 ``module.__loader__``,
+    and `provider_factory` is a function that, passed a *module* object,
+    returns an ``IResourceProvider`` for that module.
+    """
+    _provider_factories[loader_type] = provider_factory
+
+
+@overload
+def get_provider(moduleOrReq: str) -> IResourceProvider: ...
+@overload
+def get_provider(moduleOrReq: Requirement) -> Distribution: ...
+def get_provider(moduleOrReq: str | Requirement) -> IResourceProvider | Distribution:
+    """Return an IResourceProvider for the named module or requirement"""
+    if isinstance(moduleOrReq, Requirement):
+        return working_set.find(moduleOrReq) or require(str(moduleOrReq))[0]
+    try:
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    except KeyError:
+        __import__(moduleOrReq)
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+    return _find_adapter(_provider_factories, loader)(module)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _macos_vers():
+    version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+    # fallback for MacPorts
+    if version == '':
+        plist = '/System/Library/CoreServices/SystemVersion.plist'
+        if os.path.exists(plist):
+            with open(plist, 'rb') as fh:
+                plist_content = plistlib.load(fh)
+            if 'ProductVersion' in plist_content:
+                version = plist_content['ProductVersion']
+    return version.split('.')
+
+
+def _macos_arch(machine):
+    return {'PowerPC': 'ppc', 'Power_Macintosh': 'ppc'}.get(machine, machine)
+
+
+def get_build_platform():
+    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions
+
+    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
+    needs some hacks for Linux and macOS.
+    """
+    from sysconfig import get_platform
+
+    plat = get_platform()
+    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
+        try:
+            version = _macos_vers()
+            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
+            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (
+                int(version[0]),
+                int(version[1]),
+                _macos_arch(machine),
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
+            # through to the default implementation
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+macosVersionString = re.compile(r"macosx-(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+darwinVersionString = re.compile(r"darwin-(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+# XXX backward compat
+get_platform = get_build_platform
+
+
+def compatible_platforms(provided: str | None, required: str | None):
+    """Can code for the `provided` platform run on the `required` platform?
+
+    Returns true if either platform is ``None``, or the platforms are equal.
+
+    XXX Needs compatibility checks for Linux and other unixy OSes.
+    """
+    if provided is None or required is None or provided == required:
+        # easy case
+        return True
+
+    # macOS special cases
+    reqMac = macosVersionString.match(required)
+    if reqMac:
+        provMac = macosVersionString.match(provided)
+
+        # is this a Mac package?
+        if not provMac:
+            # this is backwards compatibility for packages built before
+            # setuptools 0.6. All packages built after this point will
+            # use the new macOS designation.
+            provDarwin = darwinVersionString.match(provided)
+            if provDarwin:
+                dversion = int(provDarwin.group(1))
+                macosversion = "%s.%s" % (reqMac.group(1), reqMac.group(2))
+                if (
+                    dversion == 7
+                    and macosversion >= "10.3"
+                    or dversion == 8
+                    and macosversion >= "10.4"
+                ):
+                    return True
+            # egg isn't macOS or legacy darwin
+            return False
+
+        # are they the same major version and machine type?
+        if provMac.group(1) != reqMac.group(1) or provMac.group(3) != reqMac.group(3):
+            return False
+
+        # is the required OS major update >= the provided one?
+        if int(provMac.group(2)) > int(reqMac.group(2)):
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    # XXX Linux and other platforms' special cases should go here
+    return False
+
+
+@overload
+def get_distribution(dist: _DistributionT) -> _DistributionT: ...
+@overload
+def get_distribution(dist: _PkgReqType) -> Distribution: ...
+def get_distribution(dist: Distribution | _PkgReqType) -> Distribution:
+    """Return a current distribution object for a Requirement or string"""
+    if isinstance(dist, str):
+        dist = Requirement.parse(dist)
+    if isinstance(dist, Requirement):
+        # Bad type narrowing, dist has to be a Requirement here, so get_provider has to return Distribution
+        dist = get_provider(dist)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    if not isinstance(dist, Distribution):
+        raise TypeError("Expected str, Requirement, or Distribution", dist)
+    return dist
+
+
+def load_entry_point(dist: _EPDistType, group: str, name: str) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint:
+    """Return `name` entry point of `group` for `dist` or raise ImportError"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
+
+
+@overload
+def get_entry_map(
+    dist: _EPDistType, group: None = None
+) -> dict[str, dict[str, EntryPoint]]: ...
+@overload
+def get_entry_map(dist: _EPDistType, group: str) -> dict[str, EntryPoint]: ...
+def get_entry_map(dist: _EPDistType, group: str | None = None):
+    """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_map(group)
+
+
+def get_entry_info(dist: _EPDistType, group: str, name: str):
+    """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_info(group, name)
+
+
+class IMetadataProvider(Protocol):
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        """Does the package's distribution contain the named metadata?"""
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """The named metadata resource as a string"""
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Yield named metadata resource as list of non-blank non-comment lines
+
+        Leading and trailing whitespace is stripped from each line, and lines
+        with ``#`` as the first non-blank character are omitted."""
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        """Is the named metadata a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name: str) -> list[str]:
+        """List of metadata names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name: str, namespace: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Execute the named script in the supplied namespace dictionary"""
+
+
+class IResourceProvider(IMetadataProvider, Protocol):
+    """An object that provides access to package resources"""
+
+    def get_resource_filename(
+        self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return a true filesystem path for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be a ``ResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_stream(
+        self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str
+    ) -> _ResourceStream:
+        """Return a readable file-like object for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be a ``ResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_string(
+        self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """Return the contents of `resource_name` as :obj:`bytes`
+
+        `manager` must be a ``ResourceManager``"""
+
+    def has_resource(self, resource_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Does the package contain the named resource?"""
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, resource_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Is the named resource a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, resource_name: str) -> list[str]:
+        """List of resource names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+
+class WorkingSet:
+    """A collection of active distributions on sys.path (or a similar list)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, entries: Iterable[str] | None = None):
+        """Create working set from list of path entries (default=sys.path)"""
+        self.entries: list[str] = []
+        self.entry_keys = {}
+        self.by_key = {}
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = {}
+        self.callbacks = []
+
+        if entries is None:
+            entries = sys.path
+
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.add_entry(entry)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_master(cls):
+        """
+        Prepare the master working set.
+        """
+        ws = cls()
+        try:
+            from __main__ import __requires__
+        except ImportError:
+            # The main program does not list any requirements
+            return ws
+
+        # ensure the requirements are met
+        try:
+            ws.require(__requires__)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
+
+        return ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_from_requirements(cls, req_spec):
+        """
+        Build a working set from a requirement spec. Rewrites sys.path.
+        """
+        # try it without defaults already on sys.path
+        # by starting with an empty path
+        ws = cls([])
+        reqs = parse_requirements(req_spec)
+        dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
+        for dist in dists:
+            ws.add(dist)
+
+        # add any missing entries from sys.path
+        for entry in sys.path:
+            if entry not in ws.entries:
+                ws.add_entry(entry)
+
+        # then copy back to sys.path
+        sys.path[:] = ws.entries
+        return ws
+
+    def add_entry(self, entry: str):
+        """Add a path item to ``.entries``, finding any distributions on it
+
+        ``find_distributions(entry, True)`` is used to find distributions
+        corresponding to the path entry, and they are added.  `entry` is
+        always appended to ``.entries``, even if it is already present.
+        (This is because ``sys.path`` can contain the same value more than
+        once, and the ``.entries`` of the ``sys.path`` WorkingSet should always
+        equal ``sys.path``.)
+        """
+        self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        self.entries.append(entry)
+        for dist in find_distributions(entry, True):
+            self.add(dist, entry, False)
+
+    def __contains__(self, dist: Distribution) -> bool:
+        """True if `dist` is the active distribution for its project"""
+        return self.by_key.get(dist.key) == dist
+
+    def find(self, req: Requirement) -> Distribution | None:
+        """Find a distribution matching requirement `req`
+
+        If there is an active distribution for the requested project, this
+        returns it as long as it meets the version requirement specified by
+        `req`.  But, if there is an active distribution for the project and it
+        does *not* meet the `req` requirement, ``VersionConflict`` is raised.
+        If there is no active distribution for the requested project, ``None``
+        is returned.
+        """
+        dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+
+        if dist is None:
+            canonical_key = self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.get(req.key)
+
+            if canonical_key is not None:
+                req.key = canonical_key
+                dist = self.by_key.get(canonical_key)
+
+        if dist is not None and dist not in req:
+            # XXX add more info
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self, group: str, name: str | None = None):
+        """Yield entry point objects from `group` matching `name`
+
+        If `name` is None, yields all entry points in `group` from all
+        distributions in the working set, otherwise only ones matching
+        both `group` and `name` are yielded (in distribution order).
+        """
+        return (
+            entry
+            for dist in self
+            for entry in dist.get_entry_map(group).values()
+            if name is None or name == entry.name
+        )
+
+    def run_script(self, requires: str, script_name: str):
+        """Locate distribution for `requires` and run `script_name` script"""
+        ns = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
+        name = ns['__name__']
+        ns.clear()
+        ns['__name__'] = name
+        self.require(requires)[0].run_script(script_name, ns)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Distribution]:
+        """Yield distributions for non-duplicate projects in the working set
+
+        The yield order is the order in which the items' path entries were
+        added to the working set.
+        """
+        seen = set()
+        for item in self.entries:
+            if item not in self.entry_keys:
+                # workaround a cache issue
+                continue
+
+            for key in self.entry_keys[item]:
+                if key not in seen:
+                    seen.add(key)
+                    yield self.by_key[key]
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        dist: Distribution,
+        entry: str | None = None,
+        insert: bool = True,
+        replace: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Add `dist` to working set, associated with `entry`
+
+        If `entry` is unspecified, it defaults to the ``.location`` of `dist`.
+        On exit from this routine, `entry` is added to the end of the working
+        set's ``.entries`` (if it wasn't already present).
+
+        `dist` is only added to the working set if it's for a project that
+        doesn't already have a distribution in the set, unless `replace=True`.
+        If it's added, any callbacks registered with the ``subscribe()`` method
+        will be called.
+        """
+        if insert:
+            dist.insert_on(self.entries, entry, replace=replace)
+
+        if entry is None:
+            entry = dist.location
+        keys = self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        keys2 = self.entry_keys.setdefault(dist.location, [])
+        if not replace and dist.key in self.by_key:
+            # ignore hidden distros
+            return
+
+        self.by_key[dist.key] = dist
+        normalized_name = _packaging_utils.canonicalize_name(dist.key)
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys[normalized_name] = dist.key
+        if dist.key not in keys:
+            keys.append(dist.key)
+        if dist.key not in keys2:
+            keys2.append(dist.key)
+        self._added_new(dist)
+
+    @overload
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        env: Environment | None,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+        extras: tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[_DistributionT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        env: Environment | None = None,
+        *,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+        extras: tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[_DistributionT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+        extras: tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Distribution]: ...
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None | _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT] = None,
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+        extras: tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Distribution] | list[_DistributionT]:
+        """List all distributions needed to (recursively) meet `requirements`
+
+        `requirements` must be a sequence of ``Requirement`` objects.  `env`,
+        if supplied, should be an ``Environment`` instance.  If
+        not supplied, it defaults to all distributions available within any
+        entry or distribution in the working set.  `installer`, if supplied,
+        will be invoked with each requirement that cannot be met by an
+        already-installed distribution; it should return a ``Distribution`` or
+        ``None``.
+
+        Unless `replace_conflicting=True`, raises a VersionConflict exception
+        if
+        any requirements are found on the path that have the correct name but
+        the wrong version.  Otherwise, if an `installer` is supplied it will be
+        invoked to obtain the correct version of the requirement and activate
+        it.
+
+        `extras` is a list of the extras to be used with these requirements.
+        This is important because extra requirements may look like `my_req;
+        extra = "my_extra"`, which would otherwise be interpreted as a purely
+        optional requirement.  Instead, we want to be able to assert that these
+        requirements are truly required.
+        """
+
+        # set up the stack
+        requirements = list(requirements)[::-1]
+        # set of processed requirements
+        processed = set()
+        # key -> dist
+        best = {}
+        to_activate = []
+
+        req_extras = _ReqExtras()
+
+        # Mapping of requirement to set of distributions that required it;
+        # useful for reporting info about conflicts.
+        required_by = collections.defaultdict(set)
+
+        while requirements:
+            # process dependencies breadth-first
+            req = requirements.pop(0)
+            if req in processed:
+                # Ignore cyclic or redundant dependencies
+                continue
+
+            if not req_extras.markers_pass(req, extras):
+                continue
+
+            dist = self._resolve_dist(
+                req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+            )
+
+            # push the new requirements onto the stack
+            new_requirements = dist.requires(req.extras)[::-1]
+            requirements.extend(new_requirements)
+
+            # Register the new requirements needed by req
+            for new_requirement in new_requirements:
+                required_by[new_requirement].add(req.project_name)
+                req_extras[new_requirement] = req.extras
+
+            processed.add(req)
+
+        # return list of distros to activate
+        return to_activate
+
+    def _resolve_dist(
+        self, req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+    ) -> Distribution:
+        dist = best.get(req.key)
+        if dist is None:
+            # Find the best distribution and add it to the map
+            dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+            if dist is None or (dist not in req and replace_conflicting):
+                ws = self
+                if env is None:
+                    if dist is None:
+                        env = Environment(self.entries)
+                    else:
+                        # Use an empty environment and workingset to avoid
+                        # any further conflicts with the conflicting
+                        # distribution
+                        env = Environment([])
+                        ws = WorkingSet([])
+                dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
+                    req, ws, installer, replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting
+                )
+                if dist is None:
+                    requirers = required_by.get(req, None)
+                    raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
+            to_activate.append(dist)
+        if dist not in req:
+            # Oops, the "best" so far conflicts with a dependency
+            dependent_req = required_by[req]
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req).with_context(dependent_req)
+        return dist
+
+    @overload
+    def find_plugins(
+        self,
+        plugin_env: Environment,
+        full_env: Environment | None,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+        fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> tuple[list[_DistributionT], dict[Distribution, Exception]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def find_plugins(
+        self,
+        plugin_env: Environment,
+        full_env: Environment | None = None,
+        *,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+        fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> tuple[list[_DistributionT], dict[Distribution, Exception]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def find_plugins(
+        self,
+        plugin_env: Environment,
+        full_env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+        fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> tuple[list[Distribution], dict[Distribution, Exception]]: ...
+    def find_plugins(
+        self,
+        plugin_env: Environment,
+        full_env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None | _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT] = None,
+        fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[Distribution] | list[_DistributionT],
+        dict[Distribution, Exception],
+    ]:
+        """Find all activatable distributions in `plugin_env`
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            distributions, errors = working_set.find_plugins(
+                Environment(plugin_dirlist)
+            )
+            # add plugins+libs to sys.path
+            map(working_set.add, distributions)
+            # display errors
+            print('Could not load', errors)
+
+        The `plugin_env` should be an ``Environment`` instance that contains
+        only distributions that are in the project's "plugin directory" or
+        directories. The `full_env`, if supplied, should be an ``Environment``
+        contains all currently-available distributions.  If `full_env` is not
+        supplied, one is created automatically from the ``WorkingSet`` this
+        method is called on, which will typically mean that every directory on
+        ``sys.path`` will be scanned for distributions.
+
+        `installer` is a standard installer callback as used by the
+        ``resolve()`` method. The `fallback` flag indicates whether we should
+        attempt to resolve older versions of a plugin if the newest version
+        cannot be resolved.
+
+        This method returns a 2-tuple: (`distributions`, `error_info`), where
+        `distributions` is a list of the distributions found in `plugin_env`
+        that were loadable, along with any other distributions that are needed
+        to resolve their dependencies.  `error_info` is a dictionary mapping
+        unloadable plugin distributions to an exception instance describing the
+        error that occurred. Usually this will be a ``DistributionNotFound`` or
+        ``VersionConflict`` instance.
+        """
+
+        plugin_projects = list(plugin_env)
+        # scan project names in alphabetic order
+        plugin_projects.sort()
+
+        error_info: dict[Distribution, Exception] = {}
+        distributions: dict[Distribution, Exception | None] = {}
+
+        if full_env is None:
+            env = Environment(self.entries)
+            env += plugin_env
+        else:
+            env = full_env + plugin_env
+
+        shadow_set = self.__class__([])
+        # put all our entries in shadow_set
+        list(map(shadow_set.add, self))
+
+        for project_name in plugin_projects:
+            for dist in plugin_env[project_name]:
+                req = [dist.as_requirement()]
+
+                try:
+                    resolvees = shadow_set.resolve(req, env, installer)
+
+                except ResolutionError as v:
+                    # save error info
+                    error_info[dist] = v
+                    if fallback:
+                        # try the next older version of project
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        # give up on this project, keep going
+                        break
+
+                else:
+                    list(map(shadow_set.add, resolvees))
+                    distributions.update(dict.fromkeys(resolvees))
+
+                    # success, no need to try any more versions of this project
+                    break
+
+        sorted_distributions = list(distributions)
+        sorted_distributions.sort()
+
+        return sorted_distributions, error_info
+
+    def require(self, *requirements: _NestedStr):
+        """Ensure that distributions matching `requirements` are activated
+
+        `requirements` must be a string or a (possibly-nested) sequence
+        thereof, specifying the distributions and versions required.  The
+        return value is a sequence of the distributions that needed to be
+        activated to fulfill the requirements; all relevant distributions are
+        included, even if they were already activated in this working set.
+        """
+        needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
+
+        for dist in needed:
+            self.add(dist)
+
+        return needed
+
+    def subscribe(
+        self, callback: Callable[[Distribution], object], existing: bool = True
+    ):
+        """Invoke `callback` for all distributions
+
+        If `existing=True` (default),
+        call on all existing ones, as well.
+        """
+        if callback in self.callbacks:
+            return
+        self.callbacks.append(callback)
+        if not existing:
+            return
+        for dist in self:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def _added_new(self, dist):
+        for callback in self.callbacks:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (
+            self.entries[:],
+            self.entry_keys.copy(),
+            self.by_key.copy(),
+            self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy(),
+            self.callbacks[:],
+        )
+
+    def __setstate__(self, e_k_b_n_c):
+        entries, keys, by_key, normalized_to_canonical_keys, callbacks = e_k_b_n_c
+        self.entries = entries[:]
+        self.entry_keys = keys.copy()
+        self.by_key = by_key.copy()
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy()
+        self.callbacks = callbacks[:]
+
+
+class _ReqExtras(Dict["Requirement", Tuple[str, ...]]):
+    """
+    Map each requirement to the extras that demanded it.
+    """
+
+    def markers_pass(self, req: Requirement, extras: tuple[str, ...] | None = None):
+        """
+        Evaluate markers for req against each extra that
+        demanded it.
+
+        Return False if the req has a marker and fails
+        evaluation. Otherwise, return True.
+        """
+        extra_evals = (
+            req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra})
+            for extra in self.get(req, ()) + (extras or (None,))
+        )
+        return not req.marker or any(extra_evals)
+
+
+class Environment:
+    """Searchable snapshot of distributions on a search path"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        search_path: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        platform: str | None = get_supported_platform(),
+        python: str | None = PY_MAJOR,
+    ):
+        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path
+
+        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.
+
+        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
+        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
+        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
+        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.6'``);
+        it defaults to the current version.
+
+        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
+        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
+        running platform or Python version.
+        """
+        self._distmap = {}
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.python = python
+        self.scan(search_path)
+
+    def can_add(self, dist: Distribution):
+        """Is distribution `dist` acceptable for this environment?
+
+        The distribution must match the platform and python version
+        requirements specified when this environment was created, or False
+        is returned.
+        """
+        py_compat = (
+            self.python is None
+            or dist.py_version is None
+            or dist.py_version == self.python
+        )
+        return py_compat and compatible_platforms(dist.platform, self.platform)
+
+    def remove(self, dist: Distribution):
+        """Remove `dist` from the environment"""
+        self._distmap[dist.key].remove(dist)
+
+    def scan(self, search_path: Iterable[str] | None = None):
+        """Scan `search_path` for distributions usable in this environment
+
+        Any distributions found are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.  Only distributions conforming to
+        the platform/python version defined at initialization are added.
+        """
+        if search_path is None:
+            search_path = sys.path
+
+        for item in search_path:
+            for dist in find_distributions(item):
+                self.add(dist)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, project_name: str) -> list[Distribution]:
+        """Return a newest-to-oldest list of distributions for `project_name`
+
+        Uses case-insensitive `project_name` comparison, assuming all the
+        project's distributions use their project's name converted to all
+        lowercase as their key.
+
+        """
+        distribution_key = project_name.lower()
+        return self._distmap.get(distribution_key, [])
+
+    def add(self, dist: Distribution):
+        """Add `dist` if we ``can_add()`` it and it has not already been added"""
+        if self.can_add(dist) and dist.has_version():
+            dists = self._distmap.setdefault(dist.key, [])
+            if dist not in dists:
+                dists.append(dist)
+                dists.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('hashcmp'), reverse=True)
+
+    @overload
+    def best_match(
+        self,
+        req: Requirement,
+        working_set: WorkingSet,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+    ) -> _DistributionT: ...
+    @overload
+    def best_match(
+        self,
+        req: Requirement,
+        working_set: WorkingSet,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+    ) -> Distribution | None: ...
+    def best_match(
+        self,
+        req: Requirement,
+        working_set: WorkingSet,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None | _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT] = None,
+        replace_conflicting: bool = False,
+    ) -> Distribution | None:
+        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`
+
+        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
+        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
+        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
+        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
+        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
+        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
+        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
+        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
+        returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            dist = working_set.find(req)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            if not replace_conflicting:
+                raise
+            dist = None
+        if dist is not None:
+            return dist
+        for dist in self[req.key]:
+            if dist in req:
+                return dist
+        # try to download/install
+        return self.obtain(req, installer)
+
+    @overload
+    def obtain(
+        self,
+        requirement: Requirement,
+        installer: _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT],
+    ) -> _DistributionT: ...
+    @overload
+    def obtain(
+        self,
+        requirement: Requirement,
+        installer: Callable[[Requirement], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def obtain(
+        self,
+        requirement: Requirement,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+    ) -> Distribution | None: ...
+    def obtain(
+        self,
+        requirement: Requirement,
+        installer: Callable[[Requirement], None]
+        | _InstallerType
+        | None
+        | _InstallerTypeT[_DistributionT] = None,
+    ) -> Distribution | None:
+        """Obtain a distribution matching `requirement` (e.g. via download)
+
+        Obtain a distro that matches requirement (e.g. via download).  In the
+        base ``Environment`` class, this routine just returns
+        ``installer(requirement)``, unless `installer` is None, in which case
+        None is returned instead.  This method is a hook that allows subclasses
+        to attempt other ways of obtaining a distribution before falling back
+        to the `installer` argument."""
+        return installer(requirement) if installer else None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Yield the unique project names of the available distributions"""
+        for key in self._distmap.keys():
+            if self[key]:
+                yield key
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other: Distribution | Environment):
+        """In-place addition of a distribution or environment"""
+        if isinstance(other, Distribution):
+            self.add(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, Environment):
+            for project in other:
+                for dist in other[project]:
+                    self.add(dist)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Can't add %r to environment" % (other,))
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Distribution | Environment):
+        """Add an environment or distribution to an environment"""
+        new = self.__class__([], platform=None, python=None)
+        for env in self, other:
+            new += env
+        return new
+
+
+# XXX backward compatibility
+AvailableDistributions = Environment
+
+
+class ExtractionError(RuntimeError):
+    """An error occurred extracting a resource
+
+    The following attributes are available from instances of this exception:
+
+    manager
+        The resource manager that raised this exception
+
+    cache_path
+        The base directory for resource extraction
+
+    original_error
+        The exception instance that caused extraction to fail
+    """
+
+    manager: ResourceManager
+    cache_path: str
+    original_error: BaseException | None
+
+
+class ResourceManager:
+    """Manage resource extraction and packages"""
+
+    extraction_path: str | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cached_files = {}
+
+    def resource_exists(self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str):
+        """Does the named resource exist?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).has_resource(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str):
+        """Is the named resource an existing directory?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_isdir(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_filename(
+        self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str
+    ):
+        """Return a true filesystem path for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_filename(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_stream(self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str):
+        """Return a readable file-like object for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_stream(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_string(
+        self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """Return specified resource as :obj:`bytes`"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_string(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, package_or_requirement: _PkgReqType, resource_name: str):
+        """List the contents of the named resource directory"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_listdir(resource_name)
+
+    def extraction_error(self) -> NoReturn:
+        """Give an error message for problems extracting file(s)"""
+
+        old_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+        cache_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+
+        tmpl = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            Can't extract file(s) to egg cache
+
+            The following error occurred while trying to extract file(s)
+            to the Python egg cache:
+
+              {old_exc}
+
+            The Python egg cache directory is currently set to:
+
+              {cache_path}
+
+            Perhaps your account does not have write access to this directory?
+            You can change the cache directory by setting the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE
+            environment variable to point to an accessible directory.
+            """
+        ).lstrip()
+        err = ExtractionError(tmpl.format(**locals()))
+        err.manager = self
+        err.cache_path = cache_path
+        err.original_error = old_exc
+        raise err
+
+    def get_cache_path(self, archive_name: str, names: Iterable[StrPath] = ()):
+        """Return absolute location in cache for `archive_name` and `names`
+
+        The parent directory of the resulting path will be created if it does
+        not already exist.  `archive_name` should be the base filename of the
+        enclosing egg (which may not be the name of the enclosing zipfile!),
+        including its ".egg" extension.  `names`, if provided, should be a
+        sequence of path name parts "under" the egg's extraction location.
+
+        This method should only be called by resource providers that need to
+        obtain an extraction location, and only for names they intend to
+        extract, as it tracks the generated names for possible cleanup later.
+        """
+        extract_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+        target_path = os.path.join(extract_path, archive_name + '-tmp', *names)
+        try:
+            _bypass_ensure_directory(target_path)
+        except Exception:
+            self.extraction_error()
+
+        self._warn_unsafe_extraction_path(extract_path)
+
+        self.cached_files[target_path] = True
+        return target_path
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _warn_unsafe_extraction_path(path):
+        """
+        If the default extraction path is overridden and set to an insecure
+        location, such as /tmp, it opens up an opportunity for an attacker to
+        replace an extracted file with an unauthorized payload. Warn the user
+        if a known insecure location is used.
+
+        See Distribute #375 for more details.
+        """
+        if os.name == 'nt' and not path.startswith(os.environ['windir']):
+            # On Windows, permissions are generally restrictive by default
+            #  and temp directories are not writable by other users, so
+            #  bypass the warning.
+            return
+        mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+        if mode & stat.S_IWOTH or mode & stat.S_IWGRP:
+            msg = (
+                "Extraction path is writable by group/others "
+                "and vulnerable to attack when "
+                "used with get_resource_filename ({path}). "
+                "Consider a more secure "
+                "location (set with .set_extraction_path or the "
+                "PYTHON_EGG_CACHE environment variable)."
+            ).format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning)
+
+    def postprocess(self, tempname: StrOrBytesPath, filename: StrOrBytesPath):
+        """Perform any platform-specific postprocessing of `tempname`
+
+        This is where Mac header rewrites should be done; other platforms don't
+        have anything special they should do.
+
+        Resource providers should call this method ONLY after successfully
+        extracting a compressed resource.  They must NOT call it on resources
+        that are already in the filesystem.
+
+        `tempname` is the current (temporary) name of the file, and `filename`
+        is the name it will be renamed to by the caller after this routine
+        returns.
+        """
+
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            # Make the resource executable
+            mode = ((os.stat(tempname).st_mode) | 0o555) & 0o7777
+            os.chmod(tempname, mode)
+
+    def set_extraction_path(self, path: str):
+        """Set the base path where resources will be extracted to, if needed.
+
+        If you do not call this routine before any extractions take place, the
+        path defaults to the return value of ``get_default_cache()``.  (Which
+        is based on the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable, with various
+        platform-specific fallbacks.  See that routine's documentation for more
+        details.)
+
+        Resources are extracted to subdirectories of this path based upon
+        information given by the ``IResourceProvider``.  You may set this to a
+        temporary directory, but then you must call ``cleanup_resources()`` to
+        delete the extracted files when done.  There is no guarantee that
+        ``cleanup_resources()`` will be able to remove all extracted files.
+
+        (Note: you may not change the extraction path for a given resource
+        manager once resources have been extracted, unless you first call
+        ``cleanup_resources()``.)
+        """
+        if self.cached_files:
+            raise ValueError("Can't change extraction path, files already extracted")
+
+        self.extraction_path = path
+
+    def cleanup_resources(self, force: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Delete all extracted resource files and directories, returning a list
+        of the file and directory names that could not be successfully removed.
+        This function does not have any concurrency protection, so it should
+        generally only be called when the extraction path is a temporary
+        directory exclusive to a single process.  This method is not
+        automatically called; you must call it explicitly or register it as an
+        ``atexit`` function if you wish to ensure cleanup of a temporary
+        directory used for extractions.
+        """
+        # XXX
+        return []
+
+
+def get_default_cache() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable
+    or a platform-relevant user cache dir for an app
+    named "Python-Eggs".
+    """
+    return os.environ.get('PYTHON_EGG_CACHE') or _user_cache_dir(appname='Python-Eggs')
+
+
+def safe_name(name: str):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard distribution name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric/. characters are replaced with a single '-'.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', name)
+
+
+def safe_version(version: str):
+    """
+    Convert an arbitrary string to a standard version string
+    """
+    try:
+        # normalize the version
+        return str(_packaging_version.Version(version))
+    except _packaging_version.InvalidVersion:
+        version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+        return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', version)
+
+
+def _forgiving_version(version):
+    """Fallback when ``safe_version`` is not safe enough
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23ubuntu1'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized.ubuntu1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23-'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.-_'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('42.+?1'))
+    <Version('42.dev0+sanitized.1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('hello world'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized.hello.world')>
+    """
+    version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+    match = _PEP440_FALLBACK.search(version)
+    if match:
+        safe = match["safe"]
+        rest = version[len(safe) :]
+    else:
+        safe = "0"
+        rest = version
+    local = f"sanitized.{_safe_segment(rest)}".strip(".")
+    return f"{safe}.dev0+{local}"
+
+
+def _safe_segment(segment):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string into a safe segment"""
+    segment = re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', segment)
+    segment = re.sub('-[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '-', segment)
+    return re.sub(r'\.[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '.', segment).strip(".-")
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra: str):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+', '_', extra).lower()
+
+
+def to_filename(name: str):
+    """Convert a project or version name to its filename-escaped form
+
+    Any '-' characters are currently replaced with '_'.
+    """
+    return name.replace('-', '_')
+
+
+def invalid_marker(text: str):
+    """
+    Validate text as a PEP 508 environment marker; return an exception
+    if invalid or False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        evaluate_marker(text)
+    except SyntaxError as e:
+        e.filename = None
+        e.lineno = None
+        return e
+    return False
+
+
+def evaluate_marker(text: str, extra: str | None = None) -> bool:
+    """
+    Evaluate a PEP 508 environment marker.
+    Return a boolean indicating the marker result in this environment.
+    Raise SyntaxError if marker is invalid.
+
+    This implementation uses the 'pyparsing' module.
+    """
+    try:
+        marker = _packaging_markers.Marker(text)
+        return marker.evaluate()
+    except _packaging_markers.InvalidMarker as e:
+        raise SyntaxError(e) from e
+
+
+class NullProvider:
+    """Try to implement resources and metadata for arbitrary PEP 302 loaders"""
+
+    egg_name: str | None = None
+    egg_info: str | None = None
+    loader: _LoaderProtocol | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self, module: _ModuleLike):
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.module_path = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str):
+        return self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_resource_string(manager, resource_name))
+
+    def get_resource_string(
+        self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str
+    ) -> bytes:
+        return self._get(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def has_resource(self, resource_name: str):
+        return self._has(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self._fn(self.egg_info, name)
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return False
+
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        return self._has(path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str):
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return ""
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        value = self._get(path)
+        try:
+            return value.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            # Include the path in the error message to simplify
+            # troubleshooting, and without changing the exception type.
+            exc.reason += ' in {} file at path: {}'.format(name, path)
+            raise
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, resource_name: str):
+        return self._isdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.egg_info and self._isdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name)))
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, resource_name: str):
+        return self._listdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name: str) -> list[str]:
+        if self.egg_info:
+            return self._listdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name: str, namespace: dict[str, Any]):
+        script = 'scripts/' + script_name
+        if not self.has_metadata(script):
+            raise ResolutionError(
+                "Script {script!r} not found in metadata at {self.egg_info!r}".format(
+                    **locals()
+                ),
+            )
+
+        script_text = self.get_metadata(script).replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        script_text = script_text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        script_filename = self._fn(self.egg_info, script)
+        namespace['__file__'] = script_filename
+        if os.path.exists(script_filename):
+            source = _read_utf8_with_fallback(script_filename)
+            code = compile(source, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(code, namespace, namespace)
+        else:
+            from linecache import cache
+
+            cache[script_filename] = (
+                len(script_text),
+                0,
+                script_text.split('\n'),
+                script_filename,
+            )
+            script_code = compile(script_text, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(script_code, namespace, namespace)
+
+    def _has(self, path) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _isdir(self, path) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _listdir(self, path) -> list[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _fn(self, base: str | None, resource_name: str):
+        if base is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "`base` parameter in `_fn` is `None`. Either override this method or check the parameter first."
+            )
+        self._validate_resource_path(resource_name)
+        if resource_name:
+            return os.path.join(base, *resource_name.split('/'))
+        return base
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_resource_path(path):
+        """
+        Validate the resource paths according to the docs.
+        https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access
+
+        >>> warned = getfixture('recwarn')
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        >>> vrp = NullProvider._validate_resource_path
+        >>> vrp('foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+        >>> vrp('../foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('/foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> vrp('foo/../../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('foo/f../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Windows path separators are straight-up disallowed.
+        >>> vrp(r'\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        >>> vrp(r'C:\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        Blank values are allowed
+
+        >>> vrp('')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Non-string values are not.
+
+        >>> vrp(None)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AttributeError: ...
+        """
+        invalid = (
+            os.path.pardir in path.split(posixpath.sep)
+            or posixpath.isabs(path)
+            or ntpath.isabs(path)
+            or path.startswith("\\")
+        )
+        if not invalid:
+            return
+
+        msg = "Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path is not allowed."
+
+        # Aggressively disallow Windows absolute paths
+        if (path.startswith("\\") or ntpath.isabs(path)) and not posixpath.isabs(path):
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        # for compatibility, warn; in future
+        # raise ValueError(msg)
+        issue_warning(
+            msg[:-1] + " and will raise exceptions in a future release.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def _get(self, path) -> bytes:
+        if hasattr(self.loader, 'get_data') and self.loader:
+            # Already checked get_data exists
+            return self.loader.get_data(path)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for loaders without 'get_data()'"
+        )
+
+
+register_loader_type(object, NullProvider)
+
+
+def _parents(path):
+    """
+    yield all parents of path including path
+    """
+    last = None
+    while path != last:
+        yield path
+        last = path
+        path, _ = os.path.split(path)
+
+
+class EggProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider based on a virtual filesystem"""
+
+    def __init__(self, module: _ModuleLike):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+    def _setup_prefix(self):
+        # Assume that metadata may be nested inside a "basket"
+        # of multiple eggs and use module_path instead of .archive.
+        eggs = filter(_is_egg_path, _parents(self.module_path))
+        egg = next(eggs, None)
+        egg and self._set_egg(egg)
+
+    def _set_egg(self, path: str):
+        self.egg_name = os.path.basename(path)
+        self.egg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+        self.egg_root = path
+
+
+class DefaultProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Provides access to package resources in the filesystem"""
+
+    def _has(self, path) -> bool:
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def _isdir(self, path) -> bool:
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return os.listdir(path)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager: object, resource_name: str):
+        return open(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name), 'rb')
+
+    def _get(self, path) -> bytes:
+        with open(path, 'rb') as stream:
+            return stream.read()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _register(cls):
+        loader_names = (
+            'SourceFileLoader',
+            'SourcelessFileLoader',
+        )
+        for name in loader_names:
+            loader_cls = getattr(importlib.machinery, name, type(None))
+            register_loader_type(loader_cls, cls)
+
+
+DefaultProvider._register()
+
+
+class EmptyProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider that returns nothing for all requests"""
+
+    # A special case, we don't want all Providers inheriting from NullProvider to have a potentially None module_path
+    module_path: str | None = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    _isdir = _has = lambda self, path: False
+
+    def _get(self, path) -> bytes:
+        return b''
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return []
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+empty_provider = EmptyProvider()
+
+
+class ZipManifests(Dict[str, "MemoizedZipManifests.manifest_mod"]):
+    """
+    zip manifest builder
+    """
+
+    # `path` could be `StrPath | IO[bytes]` but that violates the LSP for `MemoizedZipManifests.load`
+    @classmethod
+    def build(cls, path: str):
+        """
+        Build a dictionary similar to the zipimport directory
+        caches, except instead of tuples, store ZipInfo objects.
+
+        Use a platform-specific path separator (os.sep) for the path keys
+        for compatibility with pypy on Windows.
+        """
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as zfile:
+            items = (
+                (
+                    name.replace('/', os.sep),
+                    zfile.getinfo(name),
+                )
+                for name in zfile.namelist()
+            )
+            return dict(items)
+
+    load = build
+
+
+class MemoizedZipManifests(ZipManifests):
+    """
+    Memoized zipfile manifests.
+    """
+
+    class manifest_mod(NamedTuple):
+        manifest: dict[str, zipfile.ZipInfo]
+        mtime: float
+
+    def load(self, path: str) -> dict[str, zipfile.ZipInfo]:  # type: ignore[override] # ZipManifests.load is a classmethod
+        """
+        Load a manifest at path or return a suitable manifest already loaded.
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(path)
+        mtime = os.stat(path).st_mtime
+
+        if path not in self or self[path].mtime != mtime:
+            manifest = self.build(path)
+            self[path] = self.manifest_mod(manifest, mtime)
+
+        return self[path].manifest
+
+
+class ZipProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Resource support for zips and eggs"""
+
+    eagers: list[str] | None = None
+    _zip_manifests = MemoizedZipManifests()
+    # ZipProvider's loader should always be a zipimporter or equivalent
+    loader: zipimport.zipimporter
+
+    def __init__(self, module: _ZipLoaderModule):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self.zip_pre = self.loader.archive + os.sep
+
+    def _zipinfo_name(self, fspath):
+        # Convert a virtual filename (full path to file) into a zipfile subpath
+        # usable with the zipimport directory cache for our target archive
+        fspath = fspath.rstrip(os.sep)
+        if fspath == self.loader.archive:
+            return ''
+        if fspath.startswith(self.zip_pre):
+            return fspath[len(self.zip_pre) :]
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.zip_pre))
+
+    def _parts(self, zip_path):
+        # Convert a zipfile subpath into an egg-relative path part list.
+        # pseudo-fs path
+        fspath = self.zip_pre + zip_path
+        if fspath.startswith(self.egg_root + os.sep):
+            return fspath[len(self.egg_root) + 1 :].split(os.sep)
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.egg_root))
+
+    @property
+    def zipinfo(self):
+        return self._zip_manifests.load(self.loader.archive)
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager: ResourceManager, resource_name: str):
+        if not self.egg_name:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "resource_filename() only supported for .egg, not .zip"
+            )
+        # no need to lock for extraction, since we use temp names
+        zip_path = self._resource_to_zip(resource_name)
+        eagers = self._get_eager_resources()
+        if '/'.join(self._parts(zip_path)) in eagers:
+            for name in eagers:
+                self._extract_resource(manager, self._eager_to_zip(name))
+        return self._extract_resource(manager, zip_path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_date_and_size(zip_stat):
+        size = zip_stat.file_size
+        # ymdhms+wday, yday, dst
+        date_time = zip_stat.date_time + (0, 0, -1)
+        # 1980 offset already done
+        timestamp = time.mktime(date_time)
+        return timestamp, size
+
+    # FIXME: 'ZipProvider._extract_resource' is too complex (12)
+    def _extract_resource(self, manager: ResourceManager, zip_path) -> str:  # noqa: C901
+        if zip_path in self._index():
+            for name in self._index()[zip_path]:
+                last = self._extract_resource(manager, os.path.join(zip_path, name))
+            # return the extracted directory name
+            return os.path.dirname(last)
+
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+
+        if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+            raise OSError(
+                '"os.rename" and "os.unlink" are not supported on this platform'
+            )
+        try:
+            if not self.egg_name:
+                raise OSError(
+                    '"egg_name" is empty. This likely means no egg could be found from the "module_path".'
+                )
+            real_path = manager.get_cache_path(self.egg_name, self._parts(zip_path))
+
+            if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                return real_path
+
+            outf, tmpnam = _mkstemp(
+                ".$extract",
+                dir=os.path.dirname(real_path),
+            )
+            os.write(outf, self.loader.get_data(zip_path))
+            os.close(outf)
+            utime(tmpnam, (timestamp, timestamp))
+            manager.postprocess(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            try:
+                rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            except OSError:
+                if os.path.isfile(real_path):
+                    if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                        # the file became current since it was checked above,
+                        #  so proceed.
+                        return real_path
+                    # Windows, del old file and retry
+                    elif os.name == 'nt':
+                        unlink(real_path)
+                        rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+                        return real_path
+                raise
+
+        except OSError:
+            # report a user-friendly error
+            manager.extraction_error()
+
+        return real_path
+
+    def _is_current(self, file_path, zip_path):
+        """
+        Return True if the file_path is current for this zip_path
+        """
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
+            return False
+        stat = os.stat(file_path)
+        if stat.st_size != size or stat.st_mtime != timestamp:
+            return False
+        # check that the contents match
+        zip_contents = self.loader.get_data(zip_path)
+        with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
+            file_contents = f.read()
+        return zip_contents == file_contents
+
+    def _get_eager_resources(self):
+        if self.eagers is None:
+            eagers = []
+            for name in ('native_libs.txt', 'eager_resources.txt'):
+                if self.has_metadata(name):
+                    eagers.extend(self.get_metadata_lines(name))
+            self.eagers = eagers
+        return self.eagers
+
+    def _index(self):
+        try:
+            return self._dirindex
+        except AttributeError:
+            ind = {}
+            for path in self.zipinfo:
+                parts = path.split(os.sep)
+                while parts:
+                    parent = os.sep.join(parts[:-1])
+                    if parent in ind:
+                        ind[parent].append(parts[-1])
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        ind[parent] = [parts.pop()]
+            self._dirindex = ind
+            return ind
+
+    def _has(self, fspath) -> bool:
+        zip_path = self._zipinfo_name(fspath)
+        return zip_path in self.zipinfo or zip_path in self._index()
+
+    def _isdir(self, fspath) -> bool:
+        return self._zipinfo_name(fspath) in self._index()
+
+    def _listdir(self, fspath):
+        return list(self._index().get(self._zipinfo_name(fspath), ()))
+
+    def _eager_to_zip(self, resource_name: str):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.egg_root, resource_name))
+
+    def _resource_to_zip(self, resource_name: str):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+
+register_loader_type(zipimport.zipimporter, ZipProvider)
+
+
+class FileMetadata(EmptyProvider):
+    """Metadata handler for standalone PKG-INFO files
+
+    Usage::
+
+        metadata = FileMetadata("/path/to/PKG-INFO")
+
+    This provider rejects all data and metadata requests except for PKG-INFO,
+    which is treated as existing, and will be the contents of the file at
+    the provided location.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path: StrPath):
+        self.path = path
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self.path
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return name == 'PKG-INFO' and os.path.isfile(self.path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str):
+        if name != 'PKG-INFO':
+            raise KeyError("No metadata except PKG-INFO is available")
+
+        with open(self.path, encoding='utf-8', errors="replace") as f:
+            metadata = f.read()
+        self._warn_on_replacement(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    def _warn_on_replacement(self, metadata):
+        replacement_char = '�'
+        if replacement_char in metadata:
+            tmpl = "{self.path} could not be properly decoded in UTF-8"
+            msg = tmpl.format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg)
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+
+class PathMetadata(DefaultProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for egg directories
+
+    Usage::
+
+        # Development eggs:
+
+        egg_info = "/path/to/PackageName.egg-info"
+        base_dir = os.path.dirname(egg_info)
+        metadata = PathMetadata(base_dir, egg_info)
+        dist_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(egg_info))[0]
+        dist = Distribution(basedir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+
+        # Unpacked egg directories:
+
+        egg_path = "/path/to/PackageName-ver-pyver-etc.egg"
+        metadata = PathMetadata(egg_path, os.path.join(egg_path,'EGG-INFO'))
+        dist = Distribution.from_filename(egg_path, metadata=metadata)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str, egg_info: str):
+        self.module_path = path
+        self.egg_info = egg_info
+
+
+class EggMetadata(ZipProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for .egg files"""
+
+    def __init__(self, importer: zipimport.zipimporter):
+        """Create a metadata provider from a zipimporter"""
+
+        self.zip_pre = importer.archive + os.sep
+        self.loader = importer
+        if importer.prefix:
+            self.module_path = os.path.join(importer.archive, importer.prefix)
+        else:
+            self.module_path = importer.archive
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+
+_distribution_finders: dict[type, _DistFinderType[Any]] = _declare_state(
+    'dict', '_distribution_finders', {}
+)
+
+
+def register_finder(importer_type: type[_T], distribution_finder: _DistFinderType[_T]):
+    """Register `distribution_finder` to find distributions in sys.path items
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `distribution_finder` is a callable that, passed a path
+    item and the importer instance, yields ``Distribution`` instances found on
+    that path item.  See ``pkg_resources.find_on_path`` for an example."""
+    _distribution_finders[importer_type] = distribution_finder
+
+
+def find_distributions(path_item: str, only: bool = False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible via `path_item`"""
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    finder = _find_adapter(_distribution_finders, importer)
+    return finder(importer, path_item, only)
+
+
+def find_eggs_in_zip(
+    importer: zipimport.zipimporter, path_item: str, only: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[Distribution]:
+    """
+    Find eggs in zip files; possibly multiple nested eggs.
+    """
+    if importer.archive.endswith('.whl'):
+        # wheels are not supported with this finder
+        # they don't have PKG-INFO metadata, and won't ever contain eggs
+        return
+    metadata = EggMetadata(importer)
+    if metadata.has_metadata('PKG-INFO'):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(path_item, metadata=metadata)
+    if only:
+        # don't yield nested distros
+        return
+    for subitem in metadata.resource_listdir(''):
+        if _is_egg_path(subitem):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            dists = find_eggs_in_zip(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath), subpath)
+            yield from dists
+        elif subitem.lower().endswith(('.dist-info', '.egg-info')):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            submeta = EggMetadata(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath))
+            submeta.egg_info = subpath
+            yield Distribution.from_location(path_item, subitem, submeta)
+
+
+register_finder(zipimport.zipimporter, find_eggs_in_zip)
+
+
+def find_nothing(
+    importer: object | None, path_item: str | None, only: bool | None = False
+):
+    return ()
+
+
+register_finder(object, find_nothing)
+
+
+def find_on_path(importer: object | None, path_item, only=False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible on a sys.path directory"""
+    path_item = _normalize_cached(path_item)
+
+    if _is_unpacked_egg(path_item):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(
+            path_item,
+            metadata=PathMetadata(path_item, os.path.join(path_item, 'EGG-INFO')),
+        )
+        return
+
+    entries = (os.path.join(path_item, child) for child in safe_listdir(path_item))
+
+    # scan for .egg and .egg-info in directory
+    for entry in sorted(entries):
+        fullpath = os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+        factory = dist_factory(path_item, entry, only)
+        yield from factory(fullpath)
+
+
+def dist_factory(path_item, entry, only):
+    """Return a dist_factory for the given entry."""
+    lower = entry.lower()
+    is_egg_info = lower.endswith('.egg-info')
+    is_dist_info = lower.endswith('.dist-info') and os.path.isdir(
+        os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+    )
+    is_meta = is_egg_info or is_dist_info
+    return (
+        distributions_from_metadata
+        if is_meta
+        else find_distributions
+        if not only and _is_egg_path(entry)
+        else resolve_egg_link
+        if not only and lower.endswith('.egg-link')
+        else NoDists()
+    )
+
+
+class NoDists:
+    """
+    >>> bool(NoDists())
+    False
+
+    >>> list(NoDists()('anything'))
+    []
+    """
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __call__(self, fullpath):
+        return iter(())
+
+
+def safe_listdir(path: StrOrBytesPath):
+    """
+    Attempt to list contents of path, but suppress some exceptions.
+    """
+    try:
+        return os.listdir(path)
+    except (PermissionError, NotADirectoryError):
+        pass
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Ignore the directory if does not exist, not a directory or
+        # permission denied
+        if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT):
+            raise
+    return ()
+
+
+def distributions_from_metadata(path: str):
+    root = os.path.dirname(path)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if len(os.listdir(path)) == 0:
+            # empty metadata dir; skip
+            return
+        metadata: _MetadataType = PathMetadata(root, path)
+    else:
+        metadata = FileMetadata(path)
+    entry = os.path.basename(path)
+    yield Distribution.from_location(
+        root,
+        entry,
+        metadata,
+        precedence=DEVELOP_DIST,
+    )
+
+
+def non_empty_lines(path):
+    """
+    Yield non-empty lines from file at path
+    """
+    for line in _read_utf8_with_fallback(path).splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line:
+            yield line
+
+
+def resolve_egg_link(path):
+    """
+    Given a path to an .egg-link, resolve distributions
+    present in the referenced path.
+    """
+    referenced_paths = non_empty_lines(path)
+    resolved_paths = (
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), ref) for ref in referenced_paths
+    )
+    dist_groups = map(find_distributions, resolved_paths)
+    return next(dist_groups, ())
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
+
+register_finder(importlib.machinery.FileFinder, find_on_path)
+
+_namespace_handlers: dict[type, _NSHandlerType[Any]] = _declare_state(
+    'dict', '_namespace_handlers', {}
+)
+_namespace_packages: dict[str | None, list[str]] = _declare_state(
+    'dict', '_namespace_packages', {}
+)
+
+
+def register_namespace_handler(
+    importer_type: type[_T], namespace_handler: _NSHandlerType[_T]
+):
+    """Register `namespace_handler` to declare namespace packages
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `namespace_handler` is a callable like this::
+
+        def namespace_handler(importer, path_entry, moduleName, module):
+            # return a path_entry to use for child packages
+
+    Namespace handlers are only called if the importer object has already
+    agreed that it can handle the relevant path item, and they should only
+    return a subpath if the module __path__ does not already contain an
+    equivalent subpath.  For an example namespace handler, see
+    ``pkg_resources.file_ns_handler``.
+    """
+    _namespace_handlers[importer_type] = namespace_handler
+
+
+def _handle_ns(packageName, path_item):
+    """Ensure that named package includes a subpath of path_item (if needed)"""
+
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    if importer is None:
+        return None
+
+    # use find_spec (PEP 451) and fall-back to find_module (PEP 302)
+    try:
+        spec = importer.find_spec(packageName)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # capture warnings due to #1111
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+            loader = importer.find_module(packageName)
+    else:
+        loader = spec.loader if spec else None
+
+    if loader is None:
+        return None
+    module = sys.modules.get(packageName)
+    if module is None:
+        module = sys.modules[packageName] = types.ModuleType(packageName)
+        module.__path__ = []
+        _set_parent_ns(packageName)
+    elif not hasattr(module, '__path__'):
+        raise TypeError("Not a package:", packageName)
+    handler = _find_adapter(_namespace_handlers, importer)
+    subpath = handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module)
+    if subpath is not None:
+        path = module.__path__
+        path.append(subpath)
+        importlib.import_module(packageName)
+        _rebuild_mod_path(path, packageName, module)
+    return subpath
+
+
+def _rebuild_mod_path(orig_path, package_name, module: types.ModuleType):
+    """
+    Rebuild module.__path__ ensuring that all entries are ordered
+    corresponding to their sys.path order
+    """
+    sys_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in sys.path]
+
+    def safe_sys_path_index(entry):
+        """
+        Workaround for #520 and #513.
+        """
+        try:
+            return sys_path.index(entry)
+        except ValueError:
+            return float('inf')
+
+    def position_in_sys_path(path):
+        """
+        Return the ordinal of the path based on its position in sys.path
+        """
+        path_parts = path.split(os.sep)
+        module_parts = package_name.count('.') + 1
+        parts = path_parts[:-module_parts]
+        return safe_sys_path_index(_normalize_cached(os.sep.join(parts)))
+
+    new_path = sorted(orig_path, key=position_in_sys_path)
+    new_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in new_path]
+
+    if isinstance(module.__path__, list):
+        module.__path__[:] = new_path
+    else:
+        module.__path__ = new_path
+
+
+def declare_namespace(packageName: str):
+    """Declare that package 'packageName' is a namespace package"""
+
+    msg = (
+        f"Deprecated call to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace({packageName!r})`.\n"
+        "Implementing implicit namespace packages (as specified in PEP 420) "
+        "is preferred to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace`. "
+        "See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/references/"
+        "keywords.html#keyword-namespace-packages"
+    )
+    warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        if packageName in _namespace_packages:
+            return
+
+        path: MutableSequence[str] = sys.path
+        parent, _, _ = packageName.rpartition('.')
+
+        if parent:
+            declare_namespace(parent)
+            if parent not in _namespace_packages:
+                __import__(parent)
+            try:
+                path = sys.modules[parent].__path__
+            except AttributeError as e:
+                raise TypeError("Not a package:", parent) from e
+
+        # Track what packages are namespaces, so when new path items are added,
+        # they can be updated
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(parent or None, []).append(packageName)
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(packageName, [])
+
+        for path_item in path:
+            # Ensure all the parent's path items are reflected in the child,
+            # if they apply
+            _handle_ns(packageName, path_item)
+
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def fixup_namespace_packages(path_item: str, parent: str | None = None):
+    """Ensure that previously-declared namespace packages include path_item"""
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        for package in _namespace_packages.get(parent, ()):
+            subpath = _handle_ns(package, path_item)
+            if subpath:
+                fixup_namespace_packages(subpath, package)
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def file_ns_handler(
+    importer: object,
+    path_item: StrPath,
+    packageName: str,
+    module: types.ModuleType,
+):
+    """Compute an ns-package subpath for a filesystem or zipfile importer"""
+
+    subpath = os.path.join(path_item, packageName.split('.')[-1])
+    normalized = _normalize_cached(subpath)
+    for item in module.__path__:
+        if _normalize_cached(item) == normalized:
+            break
+    else:
+        # Only return the path if it's not already there
+        return subpath
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_namespace_handler(pkgutil.ImpImporter, file_ns_handler)
+
+register_namespace_handler(zipimport.zipimporter, file_ns_handler)
+register_namespace_handler(importlib.machinery.FileFinder, file_ns_handler)
+
+
+def null_ns_handler(
+    importer: object,
+    path_item: str | None,
+    packageName: str | None,
+    module: _ModuleLike | None,
+):
+    return None
+
+
+register_namespace_handler(object, null_ns_handler)
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_path(filename: StrPath) -> str: ...
+@overload
+def normalize_path(filename: BytesPath) -> bytes: ...
+def normalize_path(filename: StrOrBytesPath):
+    """Normalize a file/dir name for comparison purposes"""
+    return os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(os.path.normpath(_cygwin_patch(filename))))
+
+
+def _cygwin_patch(filename: StrOrBytesPath):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    Contrary to POSIX 2008, on Cygwin, getcwd (3) contains
+    symlink components. Using
+    os.path.abspath() works around this limitation. A fix in os.getcwd()
+    would probably better, in Cygwin even more so, except
+    that this seems to be by design...
+    """
+    return os.path.abspath(filename) if sys.platform == 'cygwin' else filename
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/16261
+    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/6347
+    @overload
+    def _normalize_cached(filename: StrPath) -> str: ...
+    @overload
+    def _normalize_cached(filename: BytesPath) -> bytes: ...
+    def _normalize_cached(filename: StrOrBytesPath) -> str | bytes: ...
+else:
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def _normalize_cached(filename):
+        return normalize_path(filename)
+
+
+def _is_egg_path(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an egg.
+    """
+    return _is_zip_egg(path) or _is_unpacked_egg(path)
+
+
+def _is_zip_egg(path):
+    return (
+        path.lower().endswith('.egg')
+        and os.path.isfile(path)
+        and zipfile.is_zipfile(path)
+    )
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_egg(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an unpacked egg.
+    """
+    return path.lower().endswith('.egg') and os.path.isfile(
+        os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
+    )
+
+
+def _set_parent_ns(packageName):
+    parts = packageName.split('.')
+    name = parts.pop()
+    if parts:
+        parent = '.'.join(parts)
+        setattr(sys.modules[parent], name, sys.modules[packageName])
+
+
+MODULE = re.compile(r"\w+(\.\w+)*$").match
+EGG_NAME = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (?P<name>[^-]+) (
+        -(?P<ver>[^-]+) (
+            -py(?P<pyver>[^-]+) (
+                -(?P<plat>.+)
+            )?
+        )?
+    )?
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+).match
+
+
+class EntryPoint:
+    """Object representing an advertised importable object"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        module_name: str,
+        attrs: Iterable[str] = (),
+        extras: Iterable[str] = (),
+        dist: Distribution | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not MODULE(module_name):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid module name", module_name)
+        self.name = name
+        self.module_name = module_name
+        self.attrs = tuple(attrs)
+        self.extras = tuple(extras)
+        self.dist = dist
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = "%s = %s" % (self.name, self.module_name)
+        if self.attrs:
+            s += ':' + '.'.join(self.attrs)
+        if self.extras:
+            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(self.extras)
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "EntryPoint.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    @overload
+    def load(
+        self,
+        require: Literal[True] = True,
+        env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+    ) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint: ...
+    @overload
+    def load(
+        self,
+        require: Literal[False],
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint: ...
+    def load(
+        self,
+        require: bool = True,
+        *args: Environment | _InstallerType | None,
+        **kwargs: Environment | _InstallerType | None,
+    ) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint:
+        """
+        Require packages for this EntryPoint, then resolve it.
+        """
+        if not require or args or kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Parameters to load are deprecated.  Call .resolve and "
+                ".require separately.",
+                PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        if require:
+            # We could pass `env` and `installer` directly,
+            # but keeping `*args` and `**kwargs` for backwards compatibility
+            self.require(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+        return self.resolve()
+
+    def resolve(self) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint:
+        """
+        Resolve the entry point from its module and attrs.
+        """
+        module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
+        try:
+            return functools.reduce(getattr, self.attrs, module)
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            raise ImportError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def require(
+        self,
+        env: Environment | None = None,
+        installer: _InstallerType | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not self.dist:
+            error_cls = UnknownExtra if self.extras else AttributeError
+            raise error_cls("Can't require() without a distribution", self)
+
+        # Get the requirements for this entry point with all its extras and
+        # then resolve them. We have to pass `extras` along when resolving so
+        # that the working set knows what extras we want. Otherwise, for
+        # dist-info distributions, the working set will assume that the
+        # requirements for that extra are purely optional and skip over them.
+        reqs = self.dist.requires(self.extras)
+        items = working_set.resolve(reqs, env, installer, extras=self.extras)
+        list(map(working_set.add, items))
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r'\s*'
+        r'(?P<name>.+?)\s*'
+        r'=\s*'
+        r'(?P<module>[\w.]+)\s*'
+        r'(:\s*(?P<attr>[\w.]+))?\s*'
+        r'(?P<extras>\[.*\])?\s*$'
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, src: str, dist: Distribution | None = None):
+        """Parse a single entry point from string `src`
+
+        Entry point syntax follows the form::
+
+            name = some.module:some.attr [extra1, extra2]
+
+        The entry name and module name are required, but the ``:attrs`` and
+        ``[extras]`` parts are optional
+        """
+        m = cls.pattern.match(src)
+        if not m:
+            msg = "EntryPoint must be in 'name=module:attrs [extras]' format"
+            raise ValueError(msg, src)
+        res = m.groupdict()
+        extras = cls._parse_extras(res['extras'])
+        attrs = res['attr'].split('.') if res['attr'] else ()
+        return cls(res['name'], res['module'], attrs, extras, dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_extras(cls, extras_spec):
+        if not extras_spec:
+            return ()
+        req = Requirement.parse('x' + extras_spec)
+        if req.specs:
+            raise ValueError
+        return req.extras
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_group(
+        cls,
+        group: str,
+        lines: _NestedStr,
+        dist: Distribution | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Parse an entry point group"""
+        if not MODULE(group):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid group name", group)
+        this: dict[str, Self] = {}
+        for line in yield_lines(lines):
+            ep = cls.parse(line, dist)
+            if ep.name in this:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate entry point", group, ep.name)
+            this[ep.name] = ep
+        return this
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_map(
+        cls,
+        data: str | Iterable[str] | dict[str, str | Iterable[str]],
+        dist: Distribution | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Parse a map of entry point groups"""
+        _data: Iterable[tuple[str | None, str | Iterable[str]]]
+        if isinstance(data, dict):
+            _data = data.items()
+        else:
+            _data = split_sections(data)
+        maps: dict[str, dict[str, Self]] = {}
+        for group, lines in _data:
+            if group is None:
+                if not lines:
+                    continue
+                raise ValueError("Entry points must be listed in groups")
+            group = group.strip()
+            if group in maps:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate group name", group)
+            maps[group] = cls.parse_group(group, lines, dist)
+        return maps
+
+
+def _version_from_file(lines):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of lines from a Metadata file, return
+    the value of the Version field, if present, or None otherwise.
+    """
+
+    def is_version_line(line):
+        return line.lower().startswith('version:')
+
+    version_lines = filter(is_version_line, lines)
+    line = next(iter(version_lines), '')
+    _, _, value = line.partition(':')
+    return safe_version(value.strip()) or None
+
+
+class Distribution:
+    """Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry w/metadata"""
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'PKG-INFO'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location: str | None = None,
+        metadata: _MetadataType = None,
+        project_name: str | None = None,
+        version: str | None = None,
+        py_version: str | None = PY_MAJOR,
+        platform: str | None = None,
+        precedence: int = EGG_DIST,
+    ):
+        self.project_name = safe_name(project_name or 'Unknown')
+        if version is not None:
+            self._version = safe_version(version)
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.location = location
+        self.precedence = precedence
+        self._provider = metadata or empty_provider
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_location(
+        cls,
+        location: str,
+        basename: StrPath,
+        metadata: _MetadataType = None,
+        **kw: int,  # We could set `precedence` explicitly, but keeping this as `**kw` for full backwards and subclassing compatibility
+    ) -> Distribution:
+        project_name, version, py_version, platform = [None] * 4
+        basename, ext = os.path.splitext(basename)
+        if ext.lower() in _distributionImpl:
+            cls = _distributionImpl[ext.lower()]
+
+            match = EGG_NAME(basename)
+            if match:
+                project_name, version, py_version, platform = match.group(
+                    'name', 'ver', 'pyver', 'plat'
+                )
+        return cls(
+            location,
+            metadata,
+            project_name=project_name,
+            version=version,
+            py_version=py_version,
+            platform=platform,
+            **kw,
+        )._reload_version()
+
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def hashcmp(self):
+        return (
+            self._forgiving_parsed_version,
+            self.precedence,
+            self.key,
+            self.location,
+            self.py_version or '',
+            self.platform or '',
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.hashcmp)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Distribution):
+        return self.hashcmp < other.hashcmp
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Distribution):
+        return self.hashcmp <= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Distribution):
+        return self.hashcmp > other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Distribution):
+        return self.hashcmp >= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object):
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            # It's not a Distribution, so they are not equal
+            return False
+        return self.hashcmp == other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: object):
+        return not self == other
+
+    # These properties have to be lazy so that we don't have to load any
+    # metadata until/unless it's actually needed.  (i.e., some distributions
+    # may not know their name or version without loading PKG-INFO)
+
+    @property
+    def key(self):
+        try:
+            return self._key
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._key = key = self.project_name.lower()
+            return key
+
+    @property
+    def parsed_version(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, "_parsed_version"):
+            try:
+                self._parsed_version = parse_version(self.version)
+            except _packaging_version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+                info = f"(package: {self.project_name})"
+                if hasattr(ex, "add_note"):
+                    ex.add_note(info)  # PEP 678
+                    raise
+                raise _packaging_version.InvalidVersion(f"{str(ex)} {info}") from None
+
+        return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def _forgiving_parsed_version(self):
+        try:
+            return self.parsed_version
+        except _packaging_version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+            self._parsed_version = parse_version(_forgiving_version(self.version))
+
+            notes = "\n".join(getattr(ex, "__notes__", []))  # PEP 678
+            msg = f"""!!\n\n
+            *************************************************************************
+            {str(ex)}\n{notes}
+
+            This is a long overdue deprecation.
+            For the time being, `pkg_resources` will use `{self._parsed_version}`
+            as a replacement to avoid breaking existing environments,
+            but no future compatibility is guaranteed.
+
+            If you maintain package {self.project_name} you should implement
+            the relevant changes to adequate the project to PEP 440 immediately.
+            *************************************************************************
+            \n\n!!
+            """
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
+
+            return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        try:
+            return self._version
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            version = self._get_version()
+            if version is None:
+                path = self._get_metadata_path_for_display(self.PKG_INFO)
+                msg = ("Missing 'Version:' header and/or {} file at path: {}").format(
+                    self.PKG_INFO, path
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg, self) from e
+
+            return version
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        """
+        A map of extra to its list of (direct) requirements
+        for this distribution, including the null extra.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._filter_extras(self._build_dep_map())
+        return self.__dep_map
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _filter_extras(dm: dict[str | None, list[Requirement]]):
+        """
+        Given a mapping of extras to dependencies, strip off
+        environment markers and filter out any dependencies
+        not matching the markers.
+        """
+        for extra in list(filter(None, dm)):
+            new_extra: str | None = extra
+            reqs = dm.pop(extra)
+            new_extra, _, marker = extra.partition(':')
+            fails_marker = marker and (
+                invalid_marker(marker) or not evaluate_marker(marker)
+            )
+            if fails_marker:
+                reqs = []
+            new_extra = safe_extra(new_extra) or None
+
+            dm.setdefault(new_extra, []).extend(reqs)
+        return dm
+
+    def _build_dep_map(self):
+        dm = {}
+        for name in 'requires.txt', 'depends.txt':
+            for extra, reqs in split_sections(self._get_metadata(name)):
+                dm.setdefault(extra, []).extend(parse_requirements(reqs))
+        return dm
+
+    def requires(self, extras: Iterable[str] = ()):
+        """List of Requirements needed for this distro if `extras` are used"""
+        dm = self._dep_map
+        deps: list[Requirement] = []
+        deps.extend(dm.get(None, ()))
+        for ext in extras:
+            try:
+                deps.extend(dm[safe_extra(ext)])
+            except KeyError as e:
+                raise UnknownExtra(
+                    "%s has no such extra feature %r" % (self, ext)
+                ) from e
+        return deps
+
+    def _get_metadata_path_for_display(self, name):
+        """
+        Return the path to the given metadata file, if available.
+        """
+        try:
+            # We need to access _get_metadata_path() on the provider object
+            # directly rather than through this class's __getattr__()
+            # since _get_metadata_path() is marked private.
+            path = self._provider._get_metadata_path(name)
+
+        # Handle exceptions e.g. in case the distribution's metadata
+        # provider doesn't support _get_metadata_path().
+        except Exception:
+            return '[could not detect]'
+
+        return path
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, name):
+        if self.has_metadata(name):
+            yield from self.get_metadata_lines(name)
+
+    def _get_version(self):
+        lines = self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+        return _version_from_file(lines)
+
+    def activate(self, path: list[str] | None = None, replace: bool = False):
+        """Ensure distribution is importable on `path` (default=sys.path)"""
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.insert_on(path, replace=replace)
+        if path is sys.path and self.location is not None:
+            fixup_namespace_packages(self.location)
+            for pkg in self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'):
+                if pkg in sys.modules:
+                    declare_namespace(pkg)
+
+    def egg_name(self):
+        """Return what this distribution's standard .egg filename should be"""
+        filename = "%s-%s-py%s" % (
+            to_filename(self.project_name),
+            to_filename(self.version),
+            self.py_version or PY_MAJOR,
+        )
+
+        if self.platform:
+            filename += '-' + self.platform
+        return filename
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.location:
+            return "%s (%s)" % (self, self.location)
+        else:
+            return str(self)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        try:
+            version = getattr(self, 'version', None)
+        except ValueError:
+            version = None
+        version = version or "[unknown version]"
+        return "%s %s" % (self.project_name, version)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        """Delegate all unrecognized public attributes to .metadata provider"""
+        if attr.startswith('_'):
+            raise AttributeError(attr)
+        return getattr(self._provider, attr)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return list(
+            set(super().__dir__())
+            | set(attr for attr in self._provider.__dir__() if not attr.startswith('_'))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filename(
+        cls,
+        filename: StrPath,
+        metadata: _MetadataType = None,
+        **kw: int,  # We could set `precedence` explicitly, but keeping this as `**kw` for full backwards and subclassing compatibility
+    ):
+        return cls.from_location(
+            _normalize_cached(filename), os.path.basename(filename), metadata, **kw
+        )
+
+    def as_requirement(self):
+        """Return a ``Requirement`` that matches this distribution exactly"""
+        if isinstance(self.parsed_version, _packaging_version.Version):
+            spec = "%s==%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+        else:
+            spec = "%s===%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+
+        return Requirement.parse(spec)
+
+    def load_entry_point(self, group: str, name: str) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint:
+        """Return the `name` entry point of `group` or raise ImportError"""
+        ep = self.get_entry_info(group, name)
+        if ep is None:
+            raise ImportError("Entry point %r not found" % ((group, name),))
+        return ep.load()
+
+    @overload
+    def get_entry_map(self, group: None = None) -> dict[str, dict[str, EntryPoint]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def get_entry_map(self, group: str) -> dict[str, EntryPoint]: ...
+    def get_entry_map(self, group: str | None = None):
+        """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+        if not hasattr(self, "_ep_map"):
+            self._ep_map = EntryPoint.parse_map(
+                self._get_metadata('entry_points.txt'), self
+            )
+        if group is not None:
+            return self._ep_map.get(group, {})
+        return self._ep_map
+
+    def get_entry_info(self, group: str, name: str):
+        """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+        return self.get_entry_map(group).get(name)
+
+    # FIXME: 'Distribution.insert_on' is too complex (13)
+    def insert_on(  # noqa: C901
+        self,
+        path: list[str],
+        loc=None,
+        replace: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Ensure self.location is on path
+
+        If replace=False (default):
+            - If location is already in path anywhere, do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent.
+              - Else: add to the end of path.
+        If replace=True:
+            - If location is already on path anywhere (not eggs)
+              or higher priority than its parent (eggs)
+              do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent,
+                removing any lower-priority entries.
+              - Else: add it to the front of path.
+        """
+
+        loc = loc or self.location
+        if not loc:
+            return
+
+        nloc = _normalize_cached(loc)
+        bdir = os.path.dirname(nloc)
+        npath = [(p and _normalize_cached(p) or p) for p in path]
+
+        for p, item in enumerate(npath):
+            if item == nloc:
+                if replace:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    # don't modify path (even removing duplicates) if
+                    # found and not replace
+                    return
+            elif item == bdir and self.precedence == EGG_DIST:
+                # if it's an .egg, give it precedence over its directory
+                # UNLESS it's already been added to sys.path and replace=False
+                if (not replace) and nloc in npath[p:]:
+                    return
+                if path is sys.path:
+                    self.check_version_conflict()
+                path.insert(p, loc)
+                npath.insert(p, nloc)
+                break
+        else:
+            if path is sys.path:
+                self.check_version_conflict()
+            if replace:
+                path.insert(0, loc)
+            else:
+                path.append(loc)
+            return
+
+        # p is the spot where we found or inserted loc; now remove duplicates
+        while True:
+            try:
+                np = npath.index(nloc, p + 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            else:
+                del npath[np], path[np]
+                # ha!
+                p = np
+
+        return
+
+    def check_version_conflict(self):
+        if self.key == 'setuptools':
+            # ignore the inevitable setuptools self-conflicts  :(
+            return
+
+        nsp = dict.fromkeys(self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'))
+        loc = normalize_path(self.location)
+        for modname in self._get_metadata('top_level.txt'):
+            if (
+                modname not in sys.modules
+                or modname in nsp
+                or modname in _namespace_packages
+            ):
+                continue
+            if modname in ('pkg_resources', 'setuptools', 'site'):
+                continue
+            fn = getattr(sys.modules[modname], '__file__', None)
+            if fn and (
+                normalize_path(fn).startswith(loc) or fn.startswith(self.location)
+            ):
+                continue
+            issue_warning(
+                "Module %s was already imported from %s, but %s is being added"
+                " to sys.path" % (modname, fn, self.location),
+            )
+
+    def has_version(self):
+        try:
+            self.version
+        except ValueError:
+            issue_warning("Unbuilt egg for " + repr(self))
+            return False
+        except SystemError:
+            # TODO: remove this except clause when python/cpython#103632 is fixed.
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def clone(self, **kw: str | int | IResourceProvider | None):
+        """Copy this distribution, substituting in any changed keyword args"""
+        names = 'project_name version py_version platform location precedence'
+        for attr in names.split():
+            kw.setdefault(attr, getattr(self, attr, None))
+        kw.setdefault('metadata', self._provider)
+        # Unsafely unpacking. But keeping **kw for backwards and subclassing compatibility
+        return self.__class__(**kw)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @property
+    def extras(self):
+        return [dep for dep in self._dep_map if dep]
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        """
+        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
+        which uses an old safe_version, and so
+        their version numbers can get mangled when
+        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
+        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
+        parsed properly
+        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
+        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
+        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
+        """
+        md_version = self._get_version()
+        if md_version:
+            self._version = md_version
+        return self
+
+
+class DistInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry
+    w/metadata, .dist-info style.
+    """
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'METADATA'
+    EQEQ = re.compile(r"([\(,])\s*(\d.*?)\s*([,\)])")
+
+    @property
+    def _parsed_pkg_info(self):
+        """Parse and cache metadata"""
+        try:
+            return self._pkg_info
+        except AttributeError:
+            metadata = self.get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+            self._pkg_info = email.parser.Parser().parsestr(metadata)
+            return self._pkg_info
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._compute_dependencies()
+            return self.__dep_map
+
+    def _compute_dependencies(self) -> dict[str | None, list[Requirement]]:
+        """Recompute this distribution's dependencies."""
+        self.__dep_map: dict[str | None, list[Requirement]] = {None: []}
+
+        reqs: list[Requirement] = []
+        # Including any condition expressions
+        for req in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Requires-Dist') or []:
+            reqs.extend(parse_requirements(req))
+
+        def reqs_for_extra(extra):
+            for req in reqs:
+                if not req.marker or req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra}):
+                    yield req
+
+        common = types.MappingProxyType(dict.fromkeys(reqs_for_extra(None)))
+        self.__dep_map[None].extend(common)
+
+        for extra in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Provides-Extra') or []:
+            s_extra = safe_extra(extra.strip())
+            self.__dep_map[s_extra] = [
+                r for r in reqs_for_extra(extra) if r not in common
+            ]
+
+        return self.__dep_map
+
+
+_distributionImpl = {
+    '.egg': Distribution,
+    '.egg-info': EggInfoDistribution,
+    '.dist-info': DistInfoDistribution,
+}
+
+
+def issue_warning(*args, **kw):
+    level = 1
+    g = globals()
+    try:
+        # find the first stack frame that is *not* code in
+        # the pkg_resources module, to use for the warning
+        while sys._getframe(level).f_globals is g:
+            level += 1
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    warnings.warn(stacklevel=level + 1, *args, **kw)
+
+
+def parse_requirements(strs: _NestedStr):
+    """
+    Yield ``Requirement`` objects for each specification in `strs`.
+
+    `strs` must be a string, or a (possibly-nested) iterable thereof.
+    """
+    return map(Requirement, join_continuation(map(drop_comment, yield_lines(strs))))
+
+
+class RequirementParseError(_packaging_requirements.InvalidRequirement):
+    "Compatibility wrapper for InvalidRequirement"
+
+
+class Requirement(_packaging_requirements.Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string: str):
+        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
+        super().__init__(requirement_string)
+        self.unsafe_name = self.name
+        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
+        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
+        self.specs = [(spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
+        # packaging.requirements.Requirement uses a set for its extras. We use a variable-length tuple
+        self.extras: tuple[str] = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
+        self.hashCmp = (
+            self.key,
+            self.url,
+            self.specifier,
+            frozenset(self.extras),
+            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
+        )
+        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object):
+        return isinstance(other, Requirement) and self.hashCmp == other.hashCmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: Distribution | str | tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(item, Distribution):
+            if item.key != self.key:
+                return False
+
+            item = item.version
+
+        # Allow prereleases always in order to match the previous behavior of
+        # this method. In the future this should be smarter and follow PEP 440
+        # more accurately.
+        return self.specifier.contains(item, prereleases=True)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return self.__hash
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Requirement.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse(s: str | Iterable[str]):
+        (req,) = parse_requirements(s)
+        return req
+
+
+def _always_object(classes):
+    """
+    Ensure object appears in the mro even
+    for old-style classes.
+    """
+    if object not in classes:
+        return classes + (object,)
+    return classes
+
+
+def _find_adapter(registry: Mapping[type, _AdapterT], ob: object) -> _AdapterT:
+    """Return an adapter factory for `ob` from `registry`"""
+    types = _always_object(inspect.getmro(getattr(ob, '__class__', type(ob))))
+    for t in types:
+        if t in registry:
+            return registry[t]
+    # _find_adapter would previously return None, and immediately be called.
+    # So we're raising a TypeError to keep backward compatibility if anyone depended on that behaviour.
+    raise TypeError(f"Could not find adapter for {registry} and {ob}")
+
+
+def ensure_directory(path: StrOrBytesPath):
+    """Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
+    os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+def _bypass_ensure_directory(path):
+    """Sandbox-bypassing version of ensure_directory()"""
+    if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+        raise OSError('"os.mkdir" not supported on this platform.')
+    dirname, filename = split(path)
+    if dirname and filename and not isdir(dirname):
+        _bypass_ensure_directory(dirname)
+        try:
+            mkdir(dirname, 0o755)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+
+
+def split_sections(s: _NestedStr) -> Iterator[tuple[str | None, list[str]]]:
+    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs
+
+    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
+    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
+    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
+    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
+    """
+    section = None
+    content = []
+    for line in yield_lines(s):
+        if line.startswith("["):
+            if line.endswith("]"):
+                if section or content:
+                    yield section, content
+                section = line[1:-1].strip()
+                content = []
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
+        else:
+            content.append(line)
+
+    # wrap up last segment
+    yield section, content
+
+
+def _mkstemp(*args, **kw):
+    old_open = os.open
+    try:
+        # temporarily bypass sandboxing
+        os.open = os_open
+        return tempfile.mkstemp(*args, **kw)
+    finally:
+        # and then put it back
+        os.open = old_open
+
+
+# Silence the PEP440Warning by default, so that end users don't get hit by it
+# randomly just because they use pkg_resources. We want to append the rule
+# because we want earlier uses of filterwarnings to take precedence over this
+# one.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=PEP440Warning, append=True)
+
+
+class PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    """
+    Base class for warning about deprecations in ``pkg_resources``
+
+    This class is not derived from ``DeprecationWarning``, and as such is
+    visible by default.
+    """
+
+
+# Ported from ``setuptools`` to avoid introducing an import inter-dependency:
+_LOCALE_ENCODING = "locale" if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else None
+
+
+def _read_utf8_with_fallback(file: str, fallback_encoding=_LOCALE_ENCODING) -> str:
+    """See setuptools.unicode_utils._read_utf8_with_fallback"""
+    try:
+        with open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return f.read()
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        msg = f"""\
+        ********************************************************************************
+        `encoding="utf-8"` fails with {file!r}, trying `encoding={fallback_encoding!r}`.
+
+        This fallback behaviour is considered **deprecated** and future versions of
+        `setuptools/pkg_resources` may not implement it.
+
+        Please encode {file!r} with "utf-8" to ensure future builds will succeed.
+
+        If this file was produced by `setuptools` itself, cleaning up the cached files
+        and re-building/re-installing the package with a newer version of `setuptools`
+        (e.g. by updating `build-system.requires` in its `pyproject.toml`)
+        might solve the problem.
+        ********************************************************************************
+        """
+        # TODO: Add a deadline?
+        #       See comment in setuptools.unicode_utils._Utf8EncodingNeeded
+        warnings.warn(msg, PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        with open(file, "r", encoding=fallback_encoding) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+
+# from jaraco.functools 1.3
+def _call_aside(f, *args, **kwargs):
+    f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return f
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize(g=globals()):
+    "Set up global resource manager (deliberately not state-saved)"
+    manager = ResourceManager()
+    g['_manager'] = manager
+    g.update(
+        (name, getattr(manager, name))
+        for name in dir(manager)
+        if not name.startswith('_')
+    )
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize_master_working_set():
+    """
+    Prepare the master working set and make the ``require()``
+    API available.
+
+    This function has explicit effects on the global state
+    of pkg_resources. It is intended to be invoked once at
+    the initialization of this module.
+
+    Invocation by other packages is unsupported and done
+    at their own risk.
+    """
+    working_set = _declare_state('object', 'working_set', WorkingSet._build_master())
+
+    require = working_set.require
+    iter_entry_points = working_set.iter_entry_points
+    add_activation_listener = working_set.subscribe
+    run_script = working_set.run_script
+    # backward compatibility
+    run_main = run_script
+    # Activate all distributions already on sys.path with replace=False and
+    # ensure that all distributions added to the working set in the future
+    # (e.g. by calling ``require()``) will get activated as well,
+    # with higher priority (replace=True).
+    tuple(dist.activate(replace=False) for dist in working_set)
+    add_activation_listener(
+        lambda dist: dist.activate(replace=True),
+        existing=False,
+    )
+    working_set.entries = []
+    # match order
+    list(map(working_set.add_entry, sys.path))
+    globals().update(locals())
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # All of these are set by the @_call_aside methods above
+    __resource_manager = ResourceManager()  # Won't exist at runtime
+    resource_exists = __resource_manager.resource_exists
+    resource_isdir = __resource_manager.resource_isdir
+    resource_filename = __resource_manager.resource_filename
+    resource_stream = __resource_manager.resource_stream
+    resource_string = __resource_manager.resource_string
+    resource_listdir = __resource_manager.resource_listdir
+    set_extraction_path = __resource_manager.set_extraction_path
+    cleanup_resources = __resource_manager.cleanup_resources
+
+    working_set = WorkingSet()
+    require = working_set.require
+    iter_entry_points = working_set.iter_entry_points
+    add_activation_listener = working_set.subscribe
+    run_script = working_set.run_script
+    run_main = run_script
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c95c33
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@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+"""
+Utilities for determining application-specific dirs.
+
+See <https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs> for details and usage.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+from .version import __version__
+from .version import __version_tuple__ as __version_info__
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+    from typing import Literal
+
+
+def _set_platform_dir_class() -> type[PlatformDirsABC]:
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.windows import Windows as Result  # noqa: PLC0415
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.macos import MacOS as Result  # noqa: PLC0415
+    else:
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.unix import Unix as Result  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+    if os.getenv("ANDROID_DATA") == "/data" and os.getenv("ANDROID_ROOT") == "/system":
+        if os.getenv("SHELL") or os.getenv("PREFIX"):
+            return Result
+
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import _android_folder  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        if _android_folder() is not None:
+            from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import Android  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            return Android  # return to avoid redefinition of a result
+
+    return Result
+
+
+PlatformDirs = _set_platform_dir_class()  #: Currently active platform
+AppDirs = PlatformDirs  #: Backwards compatibility with appdirs
+
+
+def user_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_dir
+
+
+def site_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_dir
+
+
+def user_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_dir
+
+
+def site_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_dir
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_dir
+
+
+def site_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_dir
+
+
+def user_state_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_dir
+
+
+def user_log_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_dir
+
+
+def user_documents_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: documents directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_dir
+
+
+def user_downloads_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_dir
+
+
+def user_pictures_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_dir
+
+
+def user_videos_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: videos directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_dir
+
+
+def user_music_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: music directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_dir
+
+
+def user_desktop_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: desktop directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_desktop_dir
+
+
+def user_runtime_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_dir
+
+
+def site_runtime_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime directory shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_runtime_dir
+
+
+def user_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_path
+
+
+def site_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_path
+
+
+def user_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_path
+
+
+def site_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_path
+
+
+def site_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_path
+
+
+def user_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_path
+
+
+def user_state_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_path
+
+
+def user_log_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_path
+
+
+def user_documents_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: documents a path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_path
+
+
+def user_downloads_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: downloads path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_path
+
+
+def user_pictures_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: pictures path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_path
+
+
+def user_videos_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: videos path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_path
+
+
+def user_music_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: music path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_path
+
+
+def user_desktop_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: desktop path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_desktop_path
+
+
+def user_runtime_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_path
+
+
+def site_runtime_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime path shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_runtime_path
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AppDirs",
+    "PlatformDirs",
+    "PlatformDirsABC",
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_info__",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+    "site_cache_path",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_config_path",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_data_path",
+    "site_runtime_dir",
+    "site_runtime_path",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_cache_path",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_config_path",
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_data_path",
+    "user_desktop_dir",
+    "user_desktop_path",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_documents_path",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_downloads_path",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_log_path",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_music_path",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_pictures_path",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "user_runtime_path",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_state_path",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_videos_path",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa8a677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Main entry point."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pip._vendor.platformdirs import PlatformDirs, __version__
+
+PROPS = (
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+    "site_runtime_dir",
+)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Run the main entry point."""
+    app_name = "MyApp"
+    app_author = "MyCompany"
+
+    print(f"-- platformdirs {__version__} --")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author, version="1.0")
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, appauthor=False)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd3141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+"""Android."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class Android(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Follows the guidance `from here <https://android.stackexchange.com/a/216132>`_.
+
+    Makes use of the `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`, `version
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`, `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/files/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "files")
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. \
+        ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/shared_prefs/<AppName>``
+        """
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "shared_prefs")
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `user_config_dir`"""
+        return self.user_config_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g.,``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, same as `user_cache_dir`"""
+        return self.user_cache_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/log``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Documents``"""
+        return _android_documents_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Downloads``"""
+        return _android_downloads_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Pictures``"""
+        return _android_pictures_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera``"""
+        return _android_videos_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Music``"""
+        return _android_music_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_desktop_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: desktop directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Desktop``"""
+        return "/storage/emulated/0/Desktop"
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``tmp`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/tmp``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "tmp")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def site_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory shared by users, same as `user_runtime_dir`"""
+        return self.user_runtime_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_folder() -> str | None:  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
+    """:return: base folder for the Android OS or None if it cannot be found"""
+    result: str | None = None
+    # type checker isn't happy with our "import android", just don't do this when type checking see
+    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/61394121
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        try:
+            # First try to get a path to android app using python4android (if available)...
+            from android import mActivity  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            context = cast("android.content.Context", mActivity.getApplicationContext())  # noqa: F821
+            result = context.getFilesDir().getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+            result = None
+    if result is None:
+        try:
+            # ...and fall back to using plain pyjnius, if python4android isn't available or doesn't deliver any useful
+            # result...
+            from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+            result = context.getFilesDir().getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+            result = None
+    if result is None:
+        # and if that fails, too, find an android folder looking at path on the sys.path
+        # warning: only works for apps installed under /data, not adopted storage etc.
+        pattern = re.compile(r"/data/(data|user/\d+)/(.+)/files")
+        for path in sys.path:
+            if pattern.match(path):
+                result = path.split("/files")[0]
+                break
+        else:
+            result = None
+    if result is None:
+        # one last try: find an android folder looking at path on the sys.path taking adopted storage paths into
+        # account
+        pattern = re.compile(r"/mnt/expand/[a-fA-F0-9-]{36}/(data|user/\d+)/(.+)/files")
+        for path in sys.path:
+            if pattern.match(path):
+                result = path.split("/files")[0]
+                break
+        else:
+            result = None
+    return result
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_documents_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: documents folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        documents_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        documents_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Documents"
+
+    return documents_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_downloads_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: downloads folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        downloads_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        downloads_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Downloads"
+
+    return downloads_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_pictures_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: pictures folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        pictures_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        pictures_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Pictures"
+
+    return pictures_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_videos_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: videos folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        videos_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        videos_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera"
+
+    return videos_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_music_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: music folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        music_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        music_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Music"
+
+    return music_dir
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Android",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c50caa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+"""Base API."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Iterator, Literal
+
+
+class PlatformDirsABC(ABC):  # noqa: PLR0904
+    """Abstract base class for platform directories."""
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913, PLR0917
+        self,
+        appname: str | None = None,
+        appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+        version: str | None = None,
+        roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new platform directory.
+
+        :param appname: See `appname`.
+        :param appauthor: See `appauthor`.
+        :param version: See `version`.
+        :param roaming: See `roaming`.
+        :param multipath: See `multipath`.
+        :param opinion: See `opinion`.
+        :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists`.
+
+        """
+        self.appname = appname  #: The name of application.
+        self.appauthor = appauthor
+        """
+        The name of the app author or distributing body for this application.
+
+        Typically, it is the owning company name. Defaults to `appname`. You may pass ``False`` to disable it.
+
+        """
+        self.version = version
+        """
+        An optional version path element to append to the path.
+
+        You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used,
+        this would typically be ``<major>.<minor>``.
+
+        """
+        self.roaming = roaming
+        """
+        Whether to use the roaming appdata directory on Windows.
+
+        That means that for users on a Windows network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be synced on
+        login (see
+        `here <https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx>`_).
+
+        """
+        self.multipath = multipath
+        """
+        An optional parameter which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be returned.
+
+        By default, the first item would only be returned.
+
+        """
+        self.opinion = opinion  #: A flag to indicating to use opinionated values.
+        self.ensure_exists = ensure_exists
+        """
+        Optionally create the directory (and any missing parents) upon access if it does not exist.
+
+        By default, no directories are created.
+
+        """
+
+    def _append_app_name_and_version(self, *base: str) -> str:
+        params = list(base[1:])
+        if self.appname:
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(base[0], *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    def _optionally_create_directory(self, path: str) -> None:
+        if self.ensure_exists:
+            Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_desktop_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: desktop directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users"""
+        return Path(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: state path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_state_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: log path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_log_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: documents a path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_documents_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: downloads path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_downloads_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: pictures path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_pictures_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: videos path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_videos_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: music path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_music_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_desktop_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: desktop path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_desktop_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: runtime path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_runtime_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_runtime_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: runtime path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_runtime_dir)
+
+    def iter_config_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site configuration directories."""
+        yield self.user_config_dir
+        yield self.site_config_dir
+
+    def iter_data_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site data directories."""
+        yield self.user_data_dir
+        yield self.site_data_dir
+
+    def iter_cache_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site cache directories."""
+        yield self.user_cache_dir
+        yield self.site_cache_dir
+
+    def iter_runtime_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site runtime directories."""
+        yield self.user_runtime_dir
+        yield self.site_runtime_dir
+
+    def iter_config_paths(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        """:yield: all user and site configuration paths."""
+        for path in self.iter_config_dirs():
+            yield Path(path)
+
+    def iter_data_paths(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        """:yield: all user and site data paths."""
+        for path in self.iter_data_dirs():
+            yield Path(path)
+
+    def iter_cache_paths(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        """:yield: all user and site cache paths."""
+        for path in self.iter_cache_dirs():
+            yield Path(path)
+
+    def iter_runtime_paths(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        """:yield: all user and site runtime paths."""
+        for path in self.iter_runtime_dirs():
+            yield Path(path)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb1ba5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""macOS."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class MacOS(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Platform directories for the macOS operating system.
+
+    Follows the guidance from
+    `Apple documentation <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/MacOSXDirectories/MacOSXDirectories.html>`_.
+    Makes use of the `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``.
+          If we're using a Python binary managed by `Homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_, the directory
+          will be under the Homebrew prefix, e.g. ``/opt/homebrew/share/$appname/$version``.
+          If `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>` is enabled, and we're in Homebrew,
+          the response is a multi-path string separated by ":", e.g.
+          ``/opt/homebrew/share/$appname/$version:/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        is_homebrew = sys.prefix.startswith("/opt/homebrew")
+        path_list = [self._append_app_name_and_version("/opt/homebrew/share")] if is_homebrew else []
+        path_list.append(self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Application Support"))
+        if self.multipath:
+            return os.pathsep.join(path_list)
+        return path_list[0]
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``.
+          If we're using a Python binary managed by `Homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_, the directory
+          will be under the Homebrew prefix, e.g. ``/opt/homebrew/var/cache/$appname/$version``.
+          If `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>` is enabled, and we're in Homebrew,
+          the response is a multi-path string separated by ":", e.g.
+          ``/opt/homebrew/var/cache/$appname/$version:/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        is_homebrew = sys.prefix.startswith("/opt/homebrew")
+        path_list = [self._append_app_name_and_version("/opt/homebrew/var/cache")] if is_homebrew else []
+        path_list.append(self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Caches"))
+        if self.multipath:
+            return os.pathsep.join(path_list)
+        return path_list[0]
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Logs/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Logs"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Documents")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Downloads")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Movies``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Movies")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Music")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_desktop_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: desktop directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Desktop``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Desktop")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory shared by users, same as `user_runtime_dir`"""
+        return self.user_runtime_dir
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MacOS",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9500ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""Unix."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator, NoReturn
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+
+    def getuid() -> NoReturn:
+        msg = "should only be used on Unix"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+else:
+    from os import getuid
+
+
+class Unix(PlatformDirsABC):  # noqa: PLR0904
+    """
+    On Unix/Linux, we follow the `XDG Basedir Spec <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-
+    latest.html>`_.
+
+    The spec allows overriding directories with environment variables. The examples shown are the default values,
+    alongside the name of the environment variable that overrides them. Makes use of the `appname
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`, `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`, `multipath
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`, `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`, `ensure_exists
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/share/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_DATA_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def _site_data_dirs(self) -> list[str]:
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = f"/usr/local/share{os.pathsep}/usr/share"
+        return [self._append_app_name_and_version(p) for p in path.split(os.pathsep)]
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>` is
+         enabled and ``XDG_DATA_DIRS`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by the
+         OS path separator), e.g. ``/usr/local/share/$appname/$version`` or ``/usr/share/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS; only first, if multipath is False
+        dirs = self._site_data_dirs
+        if not self.multipath:
+            return dirs[0]
+        return os.pathsep.join(dirs)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.config/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.config")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def _site_config_dirs(self) -> list[str]:
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = "/etc/xdg"
+        return [self._append_app_name_and_version(p) for p in path.split(os.pathsep)]
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`
+         is enabled and ``XDG_CONFIG_DIRS`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by
+         the OS path separator), e.g. ``/etc/xdg/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS only first, if multipath is False
+        dirs = self._site_config_dirs
+        if not self.multipath:
+            return dirs[0]
+        return os.pathsep.join(dirs)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.cache/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``~/$XDG_CACHE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/var/cache/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/var/cache")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: state directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/state/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_STATE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_STATE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/state")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_state_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_state_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+            self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR", "~/Documents")
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR", "~/Downloads")
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_PICTURES_DIR", "~/Pictures")
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Videos``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_VIDEOS_DIR", "~/Videos")
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_MUSIC_DIR", "~/Music")
+
+    @property
+    def user_desktop_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: desktop directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Desktop``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DESKTOP_DIR", "~/Desktop")
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$appname/$version``.
+
+         For FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD, it would return ``/var/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` if
+         exists, otherwise ``/tmp/runtime-$(id -u)/$appname/$version``, if``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR``
+         is not set.
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            if sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "openbsd", "netbsd")):
+                path = f"/var/run/user/{getuid()}"
+                if not Path(path).exists():
+                    path = f"/tmp/runtime-{getuid()}"  # noqa: S108
+            else:
+                path = f"/run/user/{getuid()}"
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory shared by users, e.g. ``/run/$appname/$version`` or \
+        ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$appname/$version``.
+
+        Note that this behaves almost exactly like `user_runtime_dir` if ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`` is set, but will
+        fall back to paths associated to the root user instead of a regular logged-in user if it's not set.
+
+        If you wish to ensure that a logged-in root user path is returned e.g. ``/run/user/0``, use `user_runtime_dir`
+        instead.
+
+        For FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD, it would return ``/var/run/$appname/$version`` if ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`` is not set.
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            if sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "openbsd", "netbsd")):
+                path = "/var/run"
+            else:
+                path = "/run"
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users. Only return the first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users, returns the first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users. Only return the first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    def _first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self, directory: str) -> Path:
+        if self.multipath:
+            # If multipath is True, the first path is returned.
+            directory = directory.split(os.pathsep)[0]
+        return Path(directory)
+
+    def iter_config_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site configuration directories."""
+        yield self.user_config_dir
+        yield from self._site_config_dirs
+
+    def iter_data_dirs(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """:yield: all user and site data directories."""
+        yield self.user_data_dir
+        yield from self._site_data_dirs
+
+
+def _get_user_media_dir(env_var: str, fallback_tilde_path: str) -> str:
+    media_dir = _get_user_dirs_folder(env_var)
+    if media_dir is None:
+        media_dir = os.environ.get(env_var, "").strip()
+        if not media_dir:
+            media_dir = os.path.expanduser(fallback_tilde_path)  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return media_dir
+
+
+def _get_user_dirs_folder(key: str) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return directory from user-dirs.dirs config file.
+
+    See https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/.
+
+    """
+    user_dirs_config_path = Path(Unix().user_config_dir) / "user-dirs.dirs"
+    if user_dirs_config_path.exists():
+        parser = ConfigParser()
+
+        with user_dirs_config_path.open() as stream:
+            # Add fake section header, so ConfigParser doesn't complain
+            parser.read_string(f"[top]\n{stream.read()}")
+
+        if key not in parser["top"]:
+            return None
+
+        path = parser["top"][key].strip('"')
+        # Handle relative home paths
+        return path.replace("$HOME", os.path.expanduser("~"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return None
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Unix",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6483ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file generated by setuptools_scm
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Tuple, Union
+    VERSION_TUPLE = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+else:
+    VERSION_TUPLE = object
+
+version: str
+__version__: str
+__version_tuple__: VERSION_TUPLE
+version_tuple: VERSION_TUPLE
+
+__version__ = version = '4.2.2'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (4, 2, 2)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7bc960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+"""Windows."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+class Windows(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    `MSDN on where to store app data files <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/knownfolderid>`_.
+
+    Makes use of the `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`, `appauthor
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`, `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`, `roaming
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`, `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`, `ensure_exists
+    <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (not roaming) or
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Roaming\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (roaming)
+        """
+        const = "CSIDL_APPDATA" if self.roaming else "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder(const))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    def _append_parts(self, path: str, *, opinion_value: str | None = None) -> str:
+        params = []
+        if self.appname:
+            if self.appauthor is not False:
+                author = self.appauthor or self.appname
+                params.append(author)
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if opinion_value is not None and self.opinion:
+                params.append(opinion_value)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(path, *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user (if opinionated with ``Cache`` folder within ``$appname``) e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir` if not opinionated else ``Logs`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_data_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "Logs")  # noqa: PTH118
+            self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Documents``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_PERSONAL"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_DOWNLOADS"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYPICTURES"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Videos``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYVIDEO"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Music``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYMUSIC"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_desktop_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: desktop directory tied to the user, e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Desktop``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\$appauthor\\$appname``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"), "Temp"))  # noqa: PTH118
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory shared by users, same as `user_runtime_dir`"""
+        return self.user_runtime_dir
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_env_vars(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder from environment variables."""
+    result = get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name)
+    if result is not None:
+        return result
+
+    env_var_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "APPDATA",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "ALLUSERSPROFILE",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "LOCALAPPDATA",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if env_var_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    result = os.environ.get(env_var_name)
+    if result is None:
+        msg = f"Unset environment variable: {env_var_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name: str) -> str | None:
+    """Get a folder for a CSIDL name that does not exist as an environment variable."""
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_PERSONAL":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Documents")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYPICTURES":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Pictures")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYVIDEO":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Videos")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYMUSIC":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Music")  # noqa: PTH118
+    return None
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get folder from the registry.
+
+    This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the registry for these guarantees us the correct answer
+    for all CSIDL_* names.
+
+    """
+    shell_folder_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData",
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": "Personal",
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": "{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}",
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": "My Pictures",
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": "My Video",
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": "My Music",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if shell_folder_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if sys.platform != "win32":  # only needed for mypy type checker to know that this code runs only on Windows
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    import winreg  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders")
+    directory, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name)
+    return str(directory)
+
+
+def get_win_folder_via_ctypes(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder with ctypes."""
+    # There is no 'CSIDL_DOWNLOADS'.
+    # Use 'CSIDL_PROFILE' (40) and append the default folder 'Downloads' instead.
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/knownfolderid
+
+    import ctypes  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+    csidl_const = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26,
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35,
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28,
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": 5,
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": 39,
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": 14,
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": 13,
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": 40,
+        "CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY": 16,
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if csidl_const is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+    windll = getattr(ctypes, "windll")  # noqa: B009 # using getattr to avoid false positive with mypy type checker
+    windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf)
+
+    # Downgrade to short path name if it has high-bit chars.
+    if any(ord(c) > 255 for c in buf):  # noqa: PLR2004
+        buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+        if windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024):
+            buf = buf2
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(buf.value, "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    return buf.value
+
+
+def _pick_get_win_folder() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    try:
+        import ctypes  # noqa: PLC0415
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        if hasattr(ctypes, "windll"):
+            return get_win_folder_via_ctypes
+    try:
+        import winreg  # noqa: PLC0415, F401
+    except ImportError:
+        return get_win_folder_from_env_vars
+    else:
+        return get_win_folder_from_registry
+
+
+get_win_folder = lru_cache(maxsize=None)(_pick_get_win_folder())
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Windows",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60ae9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+    Pygments
+    ~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python.
+
+    It is a generic syntax highlighter for general use in all kinds of software
+    such as forum systems, wikis or other applications that need to prettify
+    source code. Highlights are:
+
+    * a wide range of common languages and markup formats is supported
+    * special attention is paid to details, increasing quality by a fair amount
+    * support for new languages and formats are added easily
+    * a number of output formats, presently HTML, LaTeX, RTF, SVG, all image
+      formats that PIL supports, and ANSI sequences
+    * it is usable as a command-line tool and as a library
+    * ... and it highlights even Brainfuck!
+
+    The `Pygments master branch`_ is installable with ``easy_install Pygments==dev``.
+
+    .. _Pygments master branch:
+       https://github.com/pygments/pygments/archive/master.zip#egg=Pygments-dev
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
+
+__version__ = '2.18.0'
+__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
+
+__all__ = ['lex', 'format', 'highlight']
+
+
+def lex(code, lexer):
+    """
+    Lex `code` with the `lexer` (must be a `Lexer` instance)
+    and return an iterable of tokens. Currently, this only calls
+    `lexer.get_tokens()`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return lexer.get_tokens(code)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import RegexLexer
+        if isinstance(lexer, type) and issubclass(lexer, RegexLexer):
+            raise TypeError('lex() argument must be a lexer instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def format(tokens, formatter, outfile=None):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    """
+    Format ``tokens`` (an iterable of tokens) with the formatter ``formatter``
+    (a `Formatter` instance).
+
+    If ``outfile`` is given and a valid file object (an object with a
+    ``write`` method), the result will be written to it, otherwise it
+    is returned as a string.
+    """
+    try:
+        if not outfile:
+            realoutfile = getattr(formatter, 'encoding', None) and BytesIO() or StringIO()
+            formatter.format(tokens, realoutfile)
+            return realoutfile.getvalue()
+        else:
+            formatter.format(tokens, outfile)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+        if isinstance(formatter, type) and issubclass(formatter, Formatter):
+            raise TypeError('format() argument must be a formatter instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def highlight(code, lexer, formatter, outfile=None):
+    """
+    This is the most high-level highlighting function. It combines `lex` and
+    `format` in one function.
+    """
+    return format(lex(code, lexer), formatter, outfile)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc6e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+    pygments.__main__
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Main entry point for ``python -m pygments``.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pip._vendor.pygments.cmdline import main
+
+try:
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    sys.exit(1)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a7072e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+"""
+    pygments.cmdline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Command line interface.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import shutil
+import argparse
+from textwrap import dedent
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments import __version__, highlight
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, OptionError, docstring_headline, \
+    guess_decode, guess_decode_from_terminal, terminal_encoding, \
+    UnclosingTextIOWrapper
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers, get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer, \
+    load_lexer_from_file, get_lexer_for_filename, find_lexer_class_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special import TextLexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.latex import LatexEmbeddedLexer, LatexFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import get_all_formatters, get_formatter_by_name, \
+    load_formatter_from_file, get_formatter_for_filename, find_formatter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal import TerminalFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter, TerminalTrueColorFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_all_filters, find_filter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_all_styles, get_style_by_name
+
+
+def _parse_options(o_strs):
+    opts = {}
+    if not o_strs:
+        return opts
+    for o_str in o_strs:
+        if not o_str.strip():
+            continue
+        o_args = o_str.split(',')
+        for o_arg in o_args:
+            o_arg = o_arg.strip()
+            try:
+                o_key, o_val = o_arg.split('=', 1)
+                o_key = o_key.strip()
+                o_val = o_val.strip()
+            except ValueError:
+                opts[o_arg] = True
+            else:
+                opts[o_key] = o_val
+    return opts
+
+
+def _parse_filters(f_strs):
+    filters = []
+    if not f_strs:
+        return filters
+    for f_str in f_strs:
+        if ':' in f_str:
+            fname, fopts = f_str.split(':', 1)
+            filters.append((fname, _parse_options([fopts])))
+        else:
+            filters.append((f_str, {}))
+    return filters
+
+
+def _print_help(what, name):
+    try:
+        if what == 'lexer':
+            cls = get_lexer_by_name(name)
+            print(f"Help on the {cls.name} lexer:")
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'formatter':
+            cls = find_formatter_class(name)
+            print(f"Help on the {cls.name} formatter:")
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'filter':
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print(f"Help on the {name} filter:")
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        return 0
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        print(f"{what} not found!", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+
+def _print_list(what):
+    if what == 'lexer':
+        print()
+        print("Lexers:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for fullname, names, exts, _ in get_all_lexers():
+            tup = (', '.join(names)+':', fullname,
+                   exts and '(filenames ' + ', '.join(exts) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* {}\n    {} {}').format(*i))
+
+    elif what == 'formatter':
+        print()
+        print("Formatters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            tup = (', '.join(cls.aliases) + ':', doc, cls.filenames and
+                   '(filenames ' + ', '.join(cls.filenames) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* {}\n    {} {}').format(*i))
+
+    elif what == 'filter':
+        print()
+        print("Filters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print(f"    {docstring_headline(cls)}")
+
+    elif what == 'style':
+        print()
+        print("Styles:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print(f"    {docstring_headline(cls)}")
+
+
+def _print_list_as_json(requested_items):
+    import json
+    result = {}
+    if 'lexer' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for fullname, names, filenames, mimetypes in get_all_lexers():
+            info[fullname] = {
+                'aliases': names,
+                'filenames': filenames,
+                'mimetypes': mimetypes
+            }
+        result['lexers'] = info
+
+    if 'formatter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            info[cls.name] = {
+                'aliases': cls.aliases,
+                'filenames': cls.filenames,
+                'doc': doc
+            }
+        result['formatters'] = info
+
+    if 'filter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['filters'] = info
+
+    if 'style' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['styles'] = info
+
+    json.dump(result, sys.stdout)
+
+def main_inner(parser, argns):
+    if argns.help:
+        parser.print_help()
+        return 0
+
+    if argns.V:
+        print(f'Pygments version {__version__}, (c) 2006-2024 by Georg Brandl, Matthäus '
+              'Chajdas and contributors.')
+        return 0
+
+    def is_only_option(opt):
+        return not any(v for (k, v) in vars(argns).items() if k != opt)
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -L``
+    if argns.L is not None:
+        arg_set = set()
+        for k, v in vars(argns).items():
+            if v:
+                arg_set.add(k)
+
+        arg_set.discard('L')
+        arg_set.discard('json')
+
+        if arg_set:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        # print version
+        if not argns.json:
+            main(['', '-V'])
+        allowed_types = {'lexer', 'formatter', 'filter', 'style'}
+        largs = [arg.rstrip('s') for arg in argns.L]
+        if any(arg not in allowed_types for arg in largs):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 0
+        if not largs:
+            largs = allowed_types
+        if not argns.json:
+            for arg in largs:
+                _print_list(arg)
+        else:
+            _print_list_as_json(largs)
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -H``
+    if argns.H:
+        if not is_only_option('H'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        what, name = argns.H
+        if what not in ('lexer', 'formatter', 'filter'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        return _print_help(what, name)
+
+    # parse -O options
+    parsed_opts = _parse_options(argns.O or [])
+
+    # parse -P options
+    for p_opt in argns.P or []:
+        try:
+            name, value = p_opt.split('=', 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            parsed_opts[p_opt] = True
+        else:
+            parsed_opts[name] = value
+
+    # encodings
+    inencoding = parsed_opts.get('inencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+    outencoding = parsed_opts.get('outencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -N``
+    if argns.N:
+        lexer = find_lexer_class_for_filename(argns.N)
+        if lexer is None:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -C``
+    if argns.C:
+        inp = sys.stdin.buffer.read()
+        try:
+            lexer = guess_lexer(inp, inencoding=inencoding)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -S``
+    S_opt = argns.S
+    a_opt = argns.a
+    if S_opt is not None:
+        f_opt = argns.f
+        if not f_opt:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        if argns.l or argns.INPUTFILE:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        try:
+            parsed_opts['style'] = S_opt
+            fmter = get_formatter_by_name(f_opt, **parsed_opts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+        print(fmter.get_style_defs(a_opt or ''))
+        return 0
+
+    # if no -S is given, -a is not allowed
+    if argns.a is not None:
+        parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    # parse -F options
+    F_opts = _parse_filters(argns.F or [])
+
+    # -x: allow custom (eXternal) lexers and formatters
+    allow_custom_lexer_formatter = bool(argns.x)
+
+    # select lexer
+    lexer = None
+
+    # given by name?
+    lexername = argns.l
+    if lexername:
+        # custom lexer, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in lexername:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in lexername:
+                    filename, name = lexername.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        # This can happen on Windows: If the lexername is
+                        # C:\lexer.py -- return to normal load path in that case
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                 **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_by_name(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    # read input code
+    code = None
+
+    if argns.INPUTFILE:
+        if argns.s:
+            print('Error: -s option not usable when input file specified',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        infn = argns.INPUTFILE
+        try:
+            with open(infn, 'rb') as infp:
+                code = infp.read()
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot read infile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode(code)
+
+        # do we have to guess the lexer?
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_for_filename(infn, code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                if argns.g:
+                    try:
+                        lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+                    except ClassNotFound:
+                        lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                    return 1
+            except OptionError as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    elif not argns.s:  # treat stdin as full file (-s support is later)
+        # read code from terminal, always in binary mode since we want to
+        # decode ourselves and be tolerant with it
+        code = sys.stdin.buffer.read()  # use .buffer to get a binary stream
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode_from_terminal(code, sys.stdin)
+            # else the lexer will do the decoding
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+
+    else:  # -s option needs a lexer with -l
+        if not lexer:
+            print('Error: when using -s a lexer has to be selected with -l',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+    # process filters
+    for fname, fopts in F_opts:
+        try:
+            lexer.add_filter(fname, **fopts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+    # select formatter
+    outfn = argns.o
+    fmter = argns.f
+    if fmter:
+        # custom formatter, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in fmter:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in fmter:
+                    # Same logic as above for custom lexer
+                    filename, name = fmter.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                     **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_by_name(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    if outfn:
+        if not fmter:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_for_filename(outfn, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        try:
+            outfile = open(outfn, 'wb')
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot open outfile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+    else:
+        if not fmter:
+            if os.environ.get('COLORTERM','') in ('truecolor', '24bit'):
+                fmter = TerminalTrueColorFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+            elif '256' in os.environ.get('TERM', ''):
+                fmter = Terminal256Formatter(**parsed_opts)
+            else:
+                fmter = TerminalFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+        outfile = sys.stdout.buffer
+
+    # determine output encoding if not explicitly selected
+    if not outencoding:
+        if outfn:
+            # output file? use lexer encoding for now (can still be None)
+            fmter.encoding = inencoding
+        else:
+            # else use terminal encoding
+            fmter.encoding = terminal_encoding(sys.stdout)
+
+    # provide coloring under Windows, if possible
+    if not outfn and sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin') and \
+       fmter.name in ('Terminal', 'Terminal256'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # unfortunately colorama doesn't support binary streams on Py3
+        outfile = UnclosingTextIOWrapper(outfile, encoding=fmter.encoding)
+        fmter.encoding = None
+        try:
+            import colorama.initialise
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            outfile = colorama.initialise.wrap_stream(
+                outfile, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False, wrap=True)
+
+    # When using the LaTeX formatter and the option `escapeinside` is
+    # specified, we need a special lexer which collects escaped text
+    # before running the chosen language lexer.
+    escapeinside = parsed_opts.get('escapeinside', '')
+    if len(escapeinside) == 2 and isinstance(fmter, LatexFormatter):
+        left = escapeinside[0]
+        right = escapeinside[1]
+        lexer = LatexEmbeddedLexer(left, right, lexer)
+
+    # ... and do it!
+    if not argns.s:
+        # process whole input as per normal...
+        try:
+            highlight(code, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+        return 0
+    else:
+        # line by line processing of stdin (eg: for 'tail -f')...
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = sys.stdin.buffer.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    break
+                if not inencoding:
+                    line = guess_decode_from_terminal(line, sys.stdin)[0]
+                highlight(line, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+                if hasattr(outfile, 'flush'):
+                    outfile.flush()
+            return 0
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+            return 0
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+
+
+class HelpFormatter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
+    def __init__(self, prog, indent_increment=2, max_help_position=16, width=None):
+        if width is None:
+            try:
+                width = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - 2
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        argparse.HelpFormatter.__init__(self, prog, indent_increment,
+                                        max_help_position, width)
+
+
+def main(args=sys.argv):
+    """
+    Main command line entry point.
+    """
+    desc = "Highlight an input file and write the result to an output file."
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=desc, add_help=False,
+                                     formatter_class=HelpFormatter)
+
+    operation = parser.add_argument_group('Main operation')
+    lexersel = operation.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-l', metavar='LEXER',
+        help='Specify the lexer to use.  (Query names with -L.)  If not '
+        'given and -g is not present, the lexer is guessed from the filename.')
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-g', action='store_true',
+        help='Guess the lexer from the file contents, or pass through '
+        'as plain text if nothing can be guessed.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-F', metavar='FILTER[:options]', action='append',
+        help='Add a filter to the token stream.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'Filter options are given after a colon if necessary.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-f', metavar='FORMATTER',
+        help='Specify the formatter to use.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'If not given, the formatter is guessed from the output filename, '
+        'and defaults to the terminal formatter if the output is to the '
+        'terminal or an unknown file extension.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-O', metavar='OPTION=value[,OPTION=value,...]', action='append',
+        help='Give options to the lexer and formatter as a comma-separated '
+        'list of key-value pairs. '
+        'Example: `-O bg=light,python=cool`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-P', metavar='OPTION=value', action='append',
+        help='Give a single option to the lexer and formatter - with this '
+        'you can pass options whose value contains commas and equal signs. '
+        'Example: `-P "heading=Pygments, the Python highlighter"`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-o', metavar='OUTPUTFILE',
+        help='Where to write the output.  Defaults to standard output.')
+
+    operation.add_argument(
+        'INPUTFILE', nargs='?',
+        help='Where to read the input.  Defaults to standard input.')
+
+    flags = parser.add_argument_group('Operation flags')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-v', action='store_true',
+        help='Print a detailed traceback on unhandled exceptions, which '
+        'is useful for debugging and bug reports.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-s', action='store_true',
+        help='Process lines one at a time until EOF, rather than waiting to '
+        'process the entire file.  This only works for stdin, only for lexers '
+        'with no line-spanning constructs, and is intended for streaming '
+        'input such as you get from `tail -f`. '
+        'Example usage: `tail -f sql.log | pygmentize -s -l sql`.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-x', action='store_true',
+        help='Allow custom lexers and formatters to be loaded from a .py file '
+        'relative to the current working directory. For example, '
+        '`-l ./customlexer.py -x`. By default, this option expects a file '
+        'with a class named CustomLexer or CustomFormatter; you can also '
+        'specify your own class name with a colon (`-l ./lexer.py:MyLexer`). '
+        'Users should be very careful not to use this option with untrusted '
+        'files, because it will import and run them.')
+    flags.add_argument('--json', help='Output as JSON. This can '
+        'be only used in conjunction with -L.',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true')
+
+    special_modes_group = parser.add_argument_group(
+        'Special modes - do not do any highlighting')
+    special_modes = special_modes_group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-S', metavar='STYLE -f formatter',
+        help='Print style definitions for STYLE for a formatter '
+        'given with -f. The argument given by -a is formatter '
+        'dependent.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-L', nargs='*', metavar='WHAT',
+        help='List lexers, formatters, styles or filters -- '
+        'give additional arguments for the thing(s) you want to list '
+        '(e.g. "styles"), or omit them to list everything.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-N', metavar='FILENAME',
+        help='Guess and print out a lexer name based solely on the given '
+        'filename. Does not take input or highlight anything. If no specific '
+        'lexer can be determined, "text" is printed.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-C', action='store_true',
+        help='Like -N, but print out a lexer name based solely on '
+        'a given content from standard input.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-H', action='store', nargs=2, metavar=('NAME', 'TYPE'),
+        help='Print detailed help for the object <name> of type <type>, '
+        'where <type> is one of "lexer", "formatter" or "filter".')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-V', action='store_true',
+        help='Print the package version.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='store_true',
+        help='Print this help.')
+    special_modes_group.add_argument(
+        '-a', metavar='ARG',
+        help='Formatter-specific additional argument for the -S (print '
+        'style sheet) mode.')
+
+    argns = parser.parse_args(args[1:])
+
+    try:
+        return main_inner(parser, argns)
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # someone closed our stdout, e.g. by quitting a pager.
+        return 0
+    except Exception:
+        if argns.v:
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print('An unhandled exception occurred while highlighting.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('Please report the whole traceback to the issue tracker at',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('<https://github.com/pygments/pygments/issues>.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            raise
+        import traceback
+        info = traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())
+        msg = info[-1].strip()
+        if len(info) >= 3:
+            # extract relevant file and position info
+            msg += '\n   (f{})'.format(info[-2].split('\n')[0].strip()[1:])
+        print(file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** Error while highlighting:', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** If this is a bug you want to report, please rerun with -v.',
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c1a062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""
+    pygments.console
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Format colored console output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+esc = "\x1b["
+
+codes = {}
+codes[""] = ""
+codes["reset"] = esc + "39;49;00m"
+
+codes["bold"] = esc + "01m"
+codes["faint"] = esc + "02m"
+codes["standout"] = esc + "03m"
+codes["underline"] = esc + "04m"
+codes["blink"] = esc + "05m"
+codes["overline"] = esc + "06m"
+
+dark_colors = ["black", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue",
+               "magenta", "cyan", "gray"]
+light_colors = ["brightblack", "brightred", "brightgreen", "brightyellow", "brightblue",
+                "brightmagenta", "brightcyan", "white"]
+
+x = 30
+for dark, light in zip(dark_colors, light_colors):
+    codes[dark] = esc + "%im" % x
+    codes[light] = esc + "%im" % (60 + x)
+    x += 1
+
+del dark, light, x
+
+codes["white"] = codes["bold"]
+
+
+def reset_color():
+    return codes["reset"]
+
+
+def colorize(color_key, text):
+    return codes[color_key] + text + codes["reset"]
+
+
+def ansiformat(attr, text):
+    """
+    Format ``text`` with a color and/or some attributes::
+
+        color       normal color
+        *color*     bold color
+        _color_     underlined color
+        +color+     blinking color
+    """
+    result = []
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '+':
+        result.append(codes['blink'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '*':
+        result.append(codes['bold'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '_':
+        result.append(codes['underline'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    result.append(codes[attr])
+    result.append(text)
+    result.append(codes['reset'])
+    return ''.join(result)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa6f760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module that implements the default filter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+def apply_filters(stream, filters, lexer=None):
+    """
+    Use this method to apply an iterable of filters to
+    a stream. If lexer is given it's forwarded to the
+    filter, otherwise the filter receives `None`.
+    """
+    def _apply(filter_, stream):
+        yield from filter_.filter(lexer, stream)
+    for filter_ in filters:
+        stream = _apply(filter_, stream)
+    return stream
+
+
+def simplefilter(f):
+    """
+    Decorator that converts a function into a filter::
+
+        @simplefilter
+        def lowercase(self, lexer, stream, options):
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield ttype, value.lower()
+    """
+    return type(f.__name__, (FunctionFilter,), {
+        '__module__': getattr(f, '__module__'),
+        '__doc__': f.__doc__,
+        'function': f,
+    })
+
+
+class Filter:
+    """
+    Default filter. Subclass this class or use the `simplefilter`
+    decorator to create own filters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        self.options = options
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FunctionFilter(Filter):
+    """
+    Abstract class used by `simplefilter` to create simple
+    function filters on the fly. The `simplefilter` decorator
+    automatically creates subclasses of this class for
+    functions passed to it.
+    """
+    function = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        if not hasattr(self, 'function'):
+            raise TypeError(f'{self.__class__.__name__!r} used without bound function')
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        # pylint: disable=not-callable
+        yield from self.function(lexer, stream, self.options)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9255ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module containing filter lookup functions and default
+    filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import String, Comment, Keyword, Name, Error, Whitespace, \
+    string_to_tokentype
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_list_opt, get_int_opt, get_bool_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt, ClassNotFound, OptionError
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_filters
+
+
+def find_filter_class(filtername):
+    """Lookup a filter by name. Return None if not found."""
+    if filtername in FILTERS:
+        return FILTERS[filtername]
+    for name, cls in find_plugin_filters():
+        if name == filtername:
+            return cls
+    return None
+
+
+def get_filter_by_name(filtername, **options):
+    """Return an instantiated filter.
+
+    Options are passed to the filter initializer if wanted.
+    Raise a ClassNotFound if not found.
+    """
+    cls = find_filter_class(filtername)
+    if cls:
+        return cls(**options)
+    else:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'filter {filtername!r} not found')
+
+
+def get_all_filters():
+    """Return a generator of all filter names."""
+    yield from FILTERS
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_filters():
+        yield name
+
+
+def _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, specialttype,
+                     replacefunc=lambda x: x):
+    last = 0
+    for match in regex.finditer(value):
+        start, end = match.start(), match.end()
+        if start != last:
+            yield ttype, value[last:start]
+        yield specialttype, replacefunc(value[start:end])
+        last = end
+    if last != len(value):
+        yield ttype, value[last:]
+
+
+class CodeTagFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight special code tags in comments and docstrings.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `codetags` : list of strings
+       A list of strings that are flagged as code tags.  The default is to
+       highlight ``XXX``, ``TODO``, ``FIXME``, ``BUG`` and ``NOTE``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.13
+       Now recognizes ``FIXME`` by default.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        tags = get_list_opt(options, 'codetags',
+                            ['XXX', 'TODO', 'FIXME', 'BUG', 'NOTE'])
+        self.tag_re = re.compile(r'\b({})\b'.format('|'.join([
+            re.escape(tag) for tag in tags if tag
+        ])))
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        regex = self.tag_re
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in String.Doc or \
+               ttype in Comment and \
+               ttype not in Comment.Preproc:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Comment.Special)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class SymbolFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert mathematical symbols such as \\<longrightarrow> in Isabelle
+    or \\longrightarrow in LaTeX into Unicode characters.
+
+    This is mostly useful for HTML or console output when you want to
+    approximate the source rendering you'd see in an IDE.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `lang` : string
+       The symbol language. Must be one of ``'isabelle'`` or
+       ``'latex'``.  The default is ``'isabelle'``.
+    """
+
+    latex_symbols = {
+        '\\alpha'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\beta'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\gamma'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\delta'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\varepsilon'           : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\zeta'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\eta'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\vartheta'             : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\iota'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\kappa'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\lambda'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\mu'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\nu'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\xi'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\pi'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\varrho'               : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\sigma'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\tau'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\upsilon'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\varphi'               : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\chi'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\psi'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\omega'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\Gamma'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\Delta'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\Theta'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\Lambda'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\Xi'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\Pi'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\Sigma'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\Upsilon'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\Phi'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\Psi'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\Omega'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\leftarrow'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\rightarrow'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\Leftarrow'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\Longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\Rightarrow'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\Longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\leftrightarrow'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\Leftrightarrow'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\Longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\mapsto'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\longmapsto'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\relbar'               : '\U00002500',
+        '\\Relbar'               : '\U00002550',
+        '\\hookleftarrow'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\hookrightarrow'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\leftharpoondown'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\rightharpoondown'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\leftharpoonup'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\rightharpoonup'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\rightleftharpoons'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\leadsto'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\downharpoonleft'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\downharpoonright'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\upharpoonleft'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\upharpoonright'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\restriction'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\uparrow'              : '\U00002191',
+        '\\Uparrow'              : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\downarrow'            : '\U00002193',
+        '\\Downarrow'            : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\updownarrow'          : '\U00002195',
+        '\\Updownarrow'          : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\langle'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\rangle'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\lceil'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\rceil'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\lfloor'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\rfloor'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\flqq'                 : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\frqq'                 : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\bot'                  : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\top'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\wedge'                : '\U00002227',
+        '\\bigwedge'             : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\vee'                  : '\U00002228',
+        '\\bigvee'               : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\forall'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\exists'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\nexists'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\neg'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\Box'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\Diamond'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\vdash'                : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\models'               : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\dashv'                : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\surd'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\le'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\ge'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\ll'                   : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\gg'                   : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\lesssim'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\gtrsim'               : '\U00002273',
+        '\\lessapprox'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\gtrapprox'            : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\in'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\notin'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\subset'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\supset'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\subseteq'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\supseteq'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\sqsubset'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\sqsupset'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\sqsubseteq'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\sqsupseteq'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\cap'                  : '\U00002229',
+        '\\bigcap'               : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\cup'                  : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\bigcup'               : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\sqcup'                : '\U00002294',
+        '\\bigsqcup'             : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\sqcap'                : '\U00002293',
+        '\\Bigsqcap'             : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\setminus'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\propto'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\uplus'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\bigplus'              : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\sim'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\doteq'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\simeq'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\approx'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\asymp'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\cong'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\equiv'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\Join'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\bowtie'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\prec'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\succ'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\preceq'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\succeq'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\parallel'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\mid'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\pm'                   : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\mp'                   : '\U00002213',
+        '\\times'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\div'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\cdot'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\star'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\circ'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\dagger'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\ddagger'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\lhd'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\rhd'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\unlhd'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\unrhd'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\triangleleft'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\triangleright'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\triangle'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\triangleq'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\oplus'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\bigoplus'             : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\otimes'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\bigotimes'            : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\odot'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\bigodot'              : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\ominus'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\oslash'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\dots'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\cdots'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\sum'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\prod'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\coprod'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\infty'                : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\int'                  : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\oint'                 : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\clubsuit'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\diamondsuit'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\heartsuit'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\spadesuit'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\aleph'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\emptyset'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\nabla'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\partial'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\flat'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\natural'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\sharp'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\angle'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\copyright'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\textregistered'       : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\textonequarter'       : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\textonehalf'          : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\textthreequarters'    : '\U000000be',
+        '\\textordfeminine'      : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\textordmasculine'     : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\euro'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\pounds'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\yen'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\textcent'             : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\textcurrency'         : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\textdegree'           : '\U000000b0',
+    }
+
+    isabelle_symbols = {
+        '\\<zero>'                 : '\U0001d7ec',
+        '\\<one>'                  : '\U0001d7ed',
+        '\\<two>'                  : '\U0001d7ee',
+        '\\<three>'                : '\U0001d7ef',
+        '\\<four>'                 : '\U0001d7f0',
+        '\\<five>'                 : '\U0001d7f1',
+        '\\<six>'                  : '\U0001d7f2',
+        '\\<seven>'                : '\U0001d7f3',
+        '\\<eight>'                : '\U0001d7f4',
+        '\\<nine>'                 : '\U0001d7f5',
+        '\\<A>'                    : '\U0001d49c',
+        '\\<B>'                    : '\U0000212c',
+        '\\<C>'                    : '\U0001d49e',
+        '\\<D>'                    : '\U0001d49f',
+        '\\<E>'                    : '\U00002130',
+        '\\<F>'                    : '\U00002131',
+        '\\<G>'                    : '\U0001d4a2',
+        '\\<H>'                    : '\U0000210b',
+        '\\<I>'                    : '\U00002110',
+        '\\<J>'                    : '\U0001d4a5',
+        '\\<K>'                    : '\U0001d4a6',
+        '\\<L>'                    : '\U00002112',
+        '\\<M>'                    : '\U00002133',
+        '\\<N>'                    : '\U0001d4a9',
+        '\\<O>'                    : '\U0001d4aa',
+        '\\<P>'                    : '\U0001d4ab',
+        '\\<Q>'                    : '\U0001d4ac',
+        '\\<R>'                    : '\U0000211b',
+        '\\<S>'                    : '\U0001d4ae',
+        '\\<T>'                    : '\U0001d4af',
+        '\\<U>'                    : '\U0001d4b0',
+        '\\<V>'                    : '\U0001d4b1',
+        '\\<W>'                    : '\U0001d4b2',
+        '\\<X>'                    : '\U0001d4b3',
+        '\\<Y>'                    : '\U0001d4b4',
+        '\\<Z>'                    : '\U0001d4b5',
+        '\\<a>'                    : '\U0001d5ba',
+        '\\<b>'                    : '\U0001d5bb',
+        '\\<c>'                    : '\U0001d5bc',
+        '\\<d>'                    : '\U0001d5bd',
+        '\\<e>'                    : '\U0001d5be',
+        '\\<f>'                    : '\U0001d5bf',
+        '\\<g>'                    : '\U0001d5c0',
+        '\\<h>'                    : '\U0001d5c1',
+        '\\<i>'                    : '\U0001d5c2',
+        '\\<j>'                    : '\U0001d5c3',
+        '\\<k>'                    : '\U0001d5c4',
+        '\\<l>'                    : '\U0001d5c5',
+        '\\<m>'                    : '\U0001d5c6',
+        '\\<n>'                    : '\U0001d5c7',
+        '\\<o>'                    : '\U0001d5c8',
+        '\\<p>'                    : '\U0001d5c9',
+        '\\<q>'                    : '\U0001d5ca',
+        '\\<r>'                    : '\U0001d5cb',
+        '\\<s>'                    : '\U0001d5cc',
+        '\\<t>'                    : '\U0001d5cd',
+        '\\<u>'                    : '\U0001d5ce',
+        '\\<v>'                    : '\U0001d5cf',
+        '\\<w>'                    : '\U0001d5d0',
+        '\\<x>'                    : '\U0001d5d1',
+        '\\<y>'                    : '\U0001d5d2',
+        '\\<z>'                    : '\U0001d5d3',
+        '\\<AA>'                   : '\U0001d504',
+        '\\<BB>'                   : '\U0001d505',
+        '\\<CC>'                   : '\U0000212d',
+        '\\<DD>'                   : '\U0001d507',
+        '\\<EE>'                   : '\U0001d508',
+        '\\<FF>'                   : '\U0001d509',
+        '\\<GG>'                   : '\U0001d50a',
+        '\\<HH>'                   : '\U0000210c',
+        '\\<II>'                   : '\U00002111',
+        '\\<JJ>'                   : '\U0001d50d',
+        '\\<KK>'                   : '\U0001d50e',
+        '\\<LL>'                   : '\U0001d50f',
+        '\\<MM>'                   : '\U0001d510',
+        '\\<NN>'                   : '\U0001d511',
+        '\\<OO>'                   : '\U0001d512',
+        '\\<PP>'                   : '\U0001d513',
+        '\\<QQ>'                   : '\U0001d514',
+        '\\<RR>'                   : '\U0000211c',
+        '\\<SS>'                   : '\U0001d516',
+        '\\<TT>'                   : '\U0001d517',
+        '\\<UU>'                   : '\U0001d518',
+        '\\<VV>'                   : '\U0001d519',
+        '\\<WW>'                   : '\U0001d51a',
+        '\\<XX>'                   : '\U0001d51b',
+        '\\<YY>'                   : '\U0001d51c',
+        '\\<ZZ>'                   : '\U00002128',
+        '\\<aa>'                   : '\U0001d51e',
+        '\\<bb>'                   : '\U0001d51f',
+        '\\<cc>'                   : '\U0001d520',
+        '\\<dd>'                   : '\U0001d521',
+        '\\<ee>'                   : '\U0001d522',
+        '\\<ff>'                   : '\U0001d523',
+        '\\<gg>'                   : '\U0001d524',
+        '\\<hh>'                   : '\U0001d525',
+        '\\<ii>'                   : '\U0001d526',
+        '\\<jj>'                   : '\U0001d527',
+        '\\<kk>'                   : '\U0001d528',
+        '\\<ll>'                   : '\U0001d529',
+        '\\<mm>'                   : '\U0001d52a',
+        '\\<nn>'                   : '\U0001d52b',
+        '\\<oo>'                   : '\U0001d52c',
+        '\\<pp>'                   : '\U0001d52d',
+        '\\<qq>'                   : '\U0001d52e',
+        '\\<rr>'                   : '\U0001d52f',
+        '\\<ss>'                   : '\U0001d530',
+        '\\<tt>'                   : '\U0001d531',
+        '\\<uu>'                   : '\U0001d532',
+        '\\<vv>'                   : '\U0001d533',
+        '\\<ww>'                   : '\U0001d534',
+        '\\<xx>'                   : '\U0001d535',
+        '\\<yy>'                   : '\U0001d536',
+        '\\<zz>'                   : '\U0001d537',
+        '\\<alpha>'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\<beta>'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\<gamma>'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\<delta>'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\<epsilon>'              : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\<zeta>'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\<eta>'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\<theta>'                : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\<iota>'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\<kappa>'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\<lambda>'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\<mu>'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\<nu>'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\<xi>'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\<pi>'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\<rho>'                  : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\<sigma>'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\<tau>'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\<upsilon>'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\<phi>'                  : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\<chi>'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\<psi>'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\<omega>'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\<Gamma>'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\<Delta>'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\<Theta>'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\<Lambda>'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\<Xi>'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\<Pi>'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\<Sigma>'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\<Upsilon>'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\<Phi>'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\<Psi>'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\<Omega>'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\<bool>'                 : '\U0001d539',
+        '\\<complex>'              : '\U00002102',
+        '\\<nat>'                  : '\U00002115',
+        '\\<rat>'                  : '\U0000211a',
+        '\\<real>'                 : '\U0000211d',
+        '\\<int>'                  : '\U00002124',
+        '\\<leftarrow>'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\<longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\<rightarrow>'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\<longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\<Leftarrow>'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\<Longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\<Rightarrow>'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\<Longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\<leftrightarrow>'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\<longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\<Leftrightarrow>'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\<Longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\<mapsto>'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\<longmapsto>'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\<midarrow>'             : '\U00002500',
+        '\\<Midarrow>'             : '\U00002550',
+        '\\<hookleftarrow>'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\<hookrightarrow>'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\<leftharpoondown>'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\<rightharpoondown>'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\<leftharpoonup>'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\<rightharpoonup>'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\<rightleftharpoons>'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\<leadsto>'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\<downharpoonleft>'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\<downharpoonright>'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\<upharpoonleft>'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\<upharpoonright>'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<restriction>'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<Colon>'                : '\U00002237',
+        '\\<up>'                   : '\U00002191',
+        '\\<Up>'                   : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\<down>'                 : '\U00002193',
+        '\\<Down>'                 : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\<updown>'               : '\U00002195',
+        '\\<Updown>'               : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\<langle>'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\<rangle>'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\<lceil>'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\<rceil>'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\<lfloor>'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\<rfloor>'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\<lparr>'                : '\U00002987',
+        '\\<rparr>'                : '\U00002988',
+        '\\<lbrakk>'               : '\U000027e6',
+        '\\<rbrakk>'               : '\U000027e7',
+        '\\<lbrace>'               : '\U00002983',
+        '\\<rbrace>'               : '\U00002984',
+        '\\<guillemotleft>'        : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\<guillemotright>'       : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\<bottom>'               : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\<top>'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\<and>'                  : '\U00002227',
+        '\\<And>'                  : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\<or>'                   : '\U00002228',
+        '\\<Or>'                   : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\<forall>'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\<exists>'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\<nexists>'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\<not>'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\<box>'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\<diamond>'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\<turnstile>'            : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\<Turnstile>'            : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\<tturnstile>'           : '\U000022a9',
+        '\\<TTurnstile>'           : '\U000022ab',
+        '\\<stileturn>'            : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\<surd>'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\<le>'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\<ge>'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\<lless>'                : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\<ggreater>'             : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\<lesssim>'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\<greatersim>'           : '\U00002273',
+        '\\<lessapprox>'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\<greaterapprox>'        : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\<in>'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\<notin>'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\<subset>'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\<supset>'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\<subseteq>'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\<supseteq>'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\<sqsubset>'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\<sqsupset>'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\<sqsubseteq>'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\<sqsupseteq>'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\<inter>'                : '\U00002229',
+        '\\<Inter>'                : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\<union>'                : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\<Union>'                : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\<squnion>'              : '\U00002294',
+        '\\<Squnion>'              : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\<sqinter>'              : '\U00002293',
+        '\\<Sqinter>'              : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\<setminus>'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\<propto>'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\<uplus>'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\<Uplus>'                : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\<noteq>'                : '\U00002260',
+        '\\<sim>'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\<doteq>'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\<simeq>'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\<approx>'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\<asymp>'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\<cong>'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\<smile>'                : '\U00002323',
+        '\\<equiv>'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\<frown>'                : '\U00002322',
+        '\\<Join>'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\<bowtie>'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\<prec>'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\<succ>'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\<preceq>'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\<succeq>'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\<parallel>'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\<bar>'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\<plusminus>'            : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\<minusplus>'            : '\U00002213',
+        '\\<times>'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\<div>'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\<cdot>'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\<star>'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\<bullet>'               : '\U00002219',
+        '\\<circ>'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\<dagger>'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\<ddagger>'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\<lhd>'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\<rhd>'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\<unlhd>'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\<unrhd>'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\<triangleleft>'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\<triangleright>'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\<triangle>'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\<triangleq>'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\<oplus>'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\<Oplus>'                : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\<otimes>'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\<Otimes>'               : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\<odot>'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\<Odot>'                 : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\<ominus>'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\<oslash>'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\<dots>'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\<cdots>'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\<Sum>'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\<Prod>'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\<Coprod>'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\<infinity>'             : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\<integral>'             : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\<ointegral>'            : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\<clubsuit>'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\<diamondsuit>'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\<heartsuit>'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\<spadesuit>'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\<aleph>'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\<emptyset>'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\<nabla>'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\<partial>'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\<flat>'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\<natural>'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\<sharp>'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\<angle>'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\<copyright>'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\<registered>'           : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\<hyphen>'               : '\U000000ad',
+        '\\<inverse>'              : '\U000000af',
+        '\\<onequarter>'           : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\<onehalf>'              : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\<threequarters>'        : '\U000000be',
+        '\\<ordfeminine>'          : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\<ordmasculine>'         : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\<section>'              : '\U000000a7',
+        '\\<paragraph>'            : '\U000000b6',
+        '\\<exclamdown>'           : '\U000000a1',
+        '\\<questiondown>'         : '\U000000bf',
+        '\\<euro>'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\<pounds>'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\<yen>'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\<cent>'                 : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\<currency>'             : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\<degree>'               : '\U000000b0',
+        '\\<amalg>'                : '\U00002a3f',
+        '\\<mho>'                  : '\U00002127',
+        '\\<lozenge>'              : '\U000025ca',
+        '\\<wp>'                   : '\U00002118',
+        '\\<wrong>'                : '\U00002240',
+        '\\<struct>'               : '\U000022c4',
+        '\\<acute>'                : '\U000000b4',
+        '\\<index>'                : '\U00000131',
+        '\\<dieresis>'             : '\U000000a8',
+        '\\<cedilla>'              : '\U000000b8',
+        '\\<hungarumlaut>'         : '\U000002dd',
+        '\\<some>'                 : '\U000003f5',
+        '\\<newline>'              : '\U000023ce',
+        '\\<open>'                 : '\U00002039',
+        '\\<close>'                : '\U0000203a',
+        '\\<here>'                 : '\U00002302',
+        '\\<^sub>'                 : '\U000021e9',
+        '\\<^sup>'                 : '\U000021e7',
+        '\\<^bold>'                : '\U00002759',
+        '\\<^bsub>'                : '\U000021d8',
+        '\\<^esub>'                : '\U000021d9',
+        '\\<^bsup>'                : '\U000021d7',
+        '\\<^esup>'                : '\U000021d6',
+    }
+
+    lang_map = {'isabelle' : isabelle_symbols, 'latex' : latex_symbols}
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        lang = get_choice_opt(options, 'lang',
+                              ['isabelle', 'latex'], 'isabelle')
+        self.symbols = self.lang_map[lang]
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if value in self.symbols:
+                yield ttype, self.symbols[value]
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class KeywordCaseFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert keywords to lowercase or uppercase or capitalize them, which
+    means first letter uppercase, rest lowercase.
+
+    This can be useful e.g. if you highlight Pascal code and want to adapt the
+    code to your styleguide.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `case` : string
+       The casing to convert keywords to. Must be one of ``'lower'``,
+       ``'upper'`` or ``'capitalize'``.  The default is ``'lower'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        case = get_choice_opt(options, 'case',
+                              ['lower', 'upper', 'capitalize'], 'lower')
+        self.convert = getattr(str, case)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Keyword:
+                yield ttype, self.convert(value)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class NameHighlightFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight a normal Name (and Name.*) token with a different token type.
+
+    Example::
+
+        filter = NameHighlightFilter(
+            names=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
+            tokentype=Name.Function,
+        )
+
+    This would highlight the names "foo", "bar" and "baz"
+    as functions. `Name.Function` is the default token type.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `names` : list of strings
+      A list of names that should be given the different token type.
+      There is no default.
+    `tokentype` : TokenType or string
+      A token type or a string containing a token type name that is
+      used for highlighting the strings in `names`.  The default is
+      `Name.Function`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.names = set(get_list_opt(options, 'names', []))
+        tokentype = options.get('tokentype')
+        if tokentype:
+            self.tokentype = string_to_tokentype(tokentype)
+        else:
+            self.tokentype = Name.Function
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Name and value in self.names:
+                yield self.tokentype, value
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class ErrorToken(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter(Filter):
+    """Raise an exception when the lexer generates an error token.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `excclass` : Exception class
+      The exception class to raise.
+      The default is `pygments.filters.ErrorToken`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.exception = options.get('excclass', ErrorToken)
+        try:
+            # issubclass() will raise TypeError if first argument is not a class
+            if not issubclass(self.exception, Exception):
+                raise TypeError
+        except TypeError:
+            raise OptionError('excclass option is not an exception class')
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is Error:
+                raise self.exception(value)
+            yield ttype, value
+
+
+class VisibleWhitespaceFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert tabs, newlines and/or spaces to visible characters.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `spaces` : string or bool
+      If this is a one-character string, spaces will be replaces by this string.
+      If it is another true value, spaces will be replaced by ``·`` (unicode
+      MIDDLE DOT).  If it is a false value, spaces will not be replaced.  The
+      default is ``False``.
+    `tabs` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``»``
+      (unicode RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK).  The default value
+      is ``False``.  Note: this will not work if the `tabsize` option for the
+      lexer is nonzero, as tabs will already have been expanded then.
+    `tabsize` : int
+      If tabs are to be replaced by this filter (see the `tabs` option), this
+      is the total number of characters that a tab should be expanded to.
+      The default is ``8``.
+    `newlines` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``¶``
+      (unicode PILCROW SIGN).  The default value is ``False``.
+    `wstokentype` : bool
+      If true, give whitespace the special `Whitespace` token type.  This allows
+      styling the visible whitespace differently (e.g. greyed out), but it can
+      disrupt background colors.  The default is ``True``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        for name, default in [('spaces',   '·'),
+                              ('tabs',     '»'),
+                              ('newlines', '¶')]:
+            opt = options.get(name, False)
+            if isinstance(opt, str) and len(opt) == 1:
+                setattr(self, name, opt)
+            else:
+                setattr(self, name, (opt and default or ''))
+        tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 8)
+        if self.tabs:
+            self.tabs += ' ' * (tabsize - 1)
+        if self.newlines:
+            self.newlines += '\n'
+        self.wstt = get_bool_opt(options, 'wstokentype', True)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        if self.wstt:
+            spaces = self.spaces or ' '
+            tabs = self.tabs or '\t'
+            newlines = self.newlines or '\n'
+            regex = re.compile(r'\s')
+
+            def replacefunc(wschar):
+                if wschar == ' ':
+                    return spaces
+                elif wschar == '\t':
+                    return tabs
+                elif wschar == '\n':
+                    return newlines
+                return wschar
+
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Whitespace,
+                                            replacefunc)
+        else:
+            spaces, tabs, newlines = self.spaces, self.tabs, self.newlines
+            # simpler processing
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                if spaces:
+                    value = value.replace(' ', spaces)
+                if tabs:
+                    value = value.replace('\t', tabs)
+                if newlines:
+                    value = value.replace('\n', newlines)
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class GobbleFilter(Filter):
+    """Gobbles source code lines (eats initial characters).
+
+    This filter drops the first ``n`` characters off every line of code.  This
+    may be useful when the source code fed to the lexer is indented by a fixed
+    amount of space that isn't desired in the output.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `n` : int
+       The number of characters to gobble.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.n = get_int_opt(options, 'n', 0)
+
+    def gobble(self, value, left):
+        if left < len(value):
+            return value[left:], 0
+        else:
+            return '', left - len(value)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        n = self.n
+        left = n  # How many characters left to gobble.
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            # Remove ``left`` tokens from first line, ``n`` from all others.
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            (parts[0], left) = self.gobble(parts[0], left)
+            for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+                (parts[i], left) = self.gobble(parts[i], n)
+            value = '\n'.join(parts)
+
+            if value != '':
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class TokenMergeFilter(Filter):
+    """Merges consecutive tokens with the same token type in the output
+    stream of a lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        current_type = None
+        current_value = None
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is current_type:
+                current_value += value
+            else:
+                if current_type is not None:
+                    yield current_type, current_value
+                current_type = ttype
+                current_value = value
+        if current_type is not None:
+            yield current_type, current_value
+
+
+FILTERS = {
+    'codetagify':     CodeTagFilter,
+    'keywordcase':    KeywordCaseFilter,
+    'highlight':      NameHighlightFilter,
+    'raiseonerror':   RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter,
+    'whitespace':     VisibleWhitespaceFilter,
+    'gobble':         GobbleFilter,
+    'tokenmerge':     TokenMergeFilter,
+    'symbols':        SymbolFilter,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a41b4f0
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d266603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base formatter class.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+
+__all__ = ['Formatter']
+
+
+def _lookup_style(style):
+    if isinstance(style, str):
+        return get_style_by_name(style)
+    return style
+
+
+class Formatter:
+    """
+    Converts a token stream to text.
+
+    Formatters should have attributes to help selecting them. These
+    are similar to the corresponding :class:`~pygments.lexer.Lexer`
+    attributes.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options as keyword arguments to the constructor.
+    All formatters accept these basic options:
+
+    ``style``
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass
+        (default: "default"). Not used by e.g. the
+        TerminalFormatter.
+    ``full``
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e.
+        a complete self-contained document. This doesn't have
+        any effect for some formatters (default: false).
+    ``title``
+        If ``full`` is true, the title that should be used to
+        caption the document (default: '').
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This will be used to
+        convert the Unicode token strings to byte strings in the
+        output. If it is "" or None, Unicode strings will be written
+        to the output file, which most file-like objects do not
+        support (default: None).
+    ``outencoding``
+        Overrides ``encoding`` if given.
+
+    """
+
+    #: Full name for the formatter, in human-readable form.
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to lookup
+    #: the formatter from a list, e.g. using :func:`.get_formatter_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of fnmatch patterns that match filenames for which this
+    #: formatter can produce output. The patterns in this list should be unique
+    #: among all formatters.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: If True, this formatter outputs Unicode strings when no encoding
+    #: option is given.
+    unicodeoutput = True
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        As with lexers, this constructor takes arbitrary optional arguments,
+        and if you override it, you should first process your own options, then
+        call the base class implementation.
+        """
+        self.style = _lookup_style(options.get('style', 'default'))
+        self.full = get_bool_opt(options, 'full', False)
+        self.title = options.get('title', '')
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', None) or None
+        if self.encoding in ('guess', 'chardet'):
+            # can happen for e.g. pygmentize -O encoding=guess
+            self.encoding = 'utf-8'
+        self.encoding = options.get('outencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.options = options
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        This method must return statements or declarations suitable to define
+        the current style for subsequent highlighted text (e.g. CSS classes
+        in the `HTMLFormatter`).
+
+        The optional argument `arg` can be used to modify the generation and
+        is formatter dependent (it is standardized because it can be given on
+        the command line).
+
+        This method is called by the ``-S`` :doc:`command-line option <cmdline>`,
+        the `arg` is then given by the ``-a`` option.
+        """
+        return ''
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        This method must format the tokens from the `tokensource` iterable and
+        write the formatted version to the file object `outfile`.
+
+        Formatter options can control how exactly the tokens are converted.
+        """
+        if self.encoding:
+            # wrap the outfile in a StreamWriter
+            outfile = codecs.lookup(self.encoding)[3](outfile)
+        return self.format_unencoded(tokensource, outfile)
+
+    # Allow writing Formatter[str] or Formatter[bytes]. That's equivalent to
+    # Formatter. This helps when using third-party type stubs from typeshed.
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, name):
+        return cls
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f19e993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments formatters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters._mapping import FORMATTERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_formatters
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+__all__ = ['get_formatter_by_name', 'get_formatter_for_filename',
+           'get_all_formatters', 'load_formatter_from_file'] + list(FORMATTERS)
+
+_formatter_cache = {}  # classes by name
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_formatters(module_name):
+    """Load a formatter (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for formatter_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, formatter_name)
+        _formatter_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_formatters():
+    """Return a generator for all formatter classes."""
+    # NB: this returns formatter classes, not info like get_all_lexers().
+    for info in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if info[1] not in _formatter_cache:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+        yield _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+    for _, formatter in find_plugin_formatters():
+        yield formatter
+
+
+def find_formatter_class(alias):
+    """Lookup a formatter by alias.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if alias in aliases:
+            if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                _load_formatters(module_name)
+            return _formatter_cache[name]
+    for _, cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        if alias in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+
+
+def get_formatter_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a :class:`.Formatter` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter with that
+    alias is found.
+    """
+    cls = find_formatter_class(_alias)
+    if cls is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f"no formatter found for name {_alias!r}")
+    return cls(**options)
+
+
+def load_formatter_from_file(filename, formattername="CustomFormatter", **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Formatter` subclass instance loaded from the provided file, relative
+    to the current directory.
+
+    The file is expected to contain a Formatter class named ``formattername``
+    (by default, CustomFormatter). Users should be very careful with the input, because
+    this method is equivalent to running ``eval()`` on the input file. The formatter is
+    given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if there are any errors loading
+    the formatter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `formattername` from that namespace
+        if formattername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound(f'no valid {formattername} class found in {filename}')
+        formatter_class = custom_namespace[formattername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return formatter_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'cannot read {filename}: {err}')
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'error when loading custom formatter: {err}')
+
+
+def get_formatter_for_filename(fn, **options):
+    """
+    Return a :class:`.Formatter` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter for that filename
+    is found.
+    """
+    fn = basename(fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                    _load_formatters(modname)
+                return _formatter_cache[name](**options)
+    for _name, cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound(f"no formatter found for file name {fn!r}")
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import formatters."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = FORMATTERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+            cls = _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ca840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+FORMATTERS = {
+    'BBCodeFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.bbcode', 'BBCode', ('bbcode', 'bb'), (), 'Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before posting it there.'),
+    'BmpImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_bmp', ('bmp', 'bitmap'), ('*.bmp',), 'Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GifImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_gif', ('gif',), ('*.gif',), 'Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GroffFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.groff', 'groff', ('groff', 'troff', 'roff'), (), 'Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.'),
+    'HtmlFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm'), "Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option). The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option."),
+    'IRCFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.irc', 'IRC', ('irc', 'IRC'), (), 'Format tokens with IRC color sequences'),
+    'ImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img', ('img', 'IMG', 'png'), ('*.png',), 'Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'JpgImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_jpg', ('jpg', 'jpeg'), ('*.jpg',), 'Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'LatexFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.latex', 'LaTeX', ('latex', 'tex'), ('*.tex',), 'Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color` standard packages.'),
+    'NullFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Text only', ('text', 'null'), ('*.txt',), 'Output the text unchanged without any formatting.'),
+    'PangoMarkupFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.pangomarkup', 'Pango Markup', ('pango', 'pangomarkup'), (), 'Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.'),
+    'RawTokenFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Raw tokens', ('raw', 'tokens'), ('*.raw',), 'Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.'),
+    'RtfFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.rtf', 'RTF', ('rtf',), ('*.rtf',), 'Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.'),
+    'SvgFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.svg', 'SVG', ('svg',), ('*.svg',), 'Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental. Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y`` coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.'),
+    'Terminal256Formatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'Terminal256', ('terminal256', 'console256', '256'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal', 'Terminal', ('terminal', 'console'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console. Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalTrueColorFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'TerminalTrueColor', ('terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TestcaseFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Testcase', ('testcase',), (), 'Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.'),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a05bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.bbcode
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    BBcode formatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+
+__all__ = ['BBCodeFormatter']
+
+
+class BBCodeFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many
+    bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before
+    posting it there.
+
+    This formatter has no support for background colors and borders, as there
+    are no common BBcode tags for that.
+
+    Some board systems (e.g. phpBB) don't support colors in their [code] tag,
+    so you can't use the highlighting together with that tag.
+    Text in a [code] tag usually is shown with a monospace font (which this
+    formatter can do with the ``monofont`` option) and no spaces (which you
+    need for indentation) are removed.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `codetag`
+        If set to true, put the output into ``[code]`` tags (default:
+        ``false``)
+
+    `monofont`
+        If set to true, add a tag to show the code with a monospace font
+        (default: ``false``).
+    """
+    name = 'BBCode'
+    aliases = ['bbcode', 'bb']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self._code = get_bool_opt(options, 'codetag', False)
+        self._mono = get_bool_opt(options, 'monofont', False)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '[color=#{}]'.format(ndef['color'])
+                end = '[/color]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += '[b]'
+                end = '[/b]' + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += '[i]'
+                end = '[/i]' + end
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                start += '[u]'
+                end = '[/u]' + end
+            # there are no common BBcodes for background-color and border
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[code]')
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[font=monospace]')
+
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += value
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+                lastval = value
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[/font]')
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[/code]')
+        if self._code or self._mono:
+            outfile.write('\n')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c8a958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.groff
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for groff output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import math
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['GroffFormatter']
+
+
+class GroffFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `monospaced`
+        If set to true, monospace font will be used (default: ``true``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to true, print the line numbers (default: ``false``).
+
+    `wrap`
+        Wrap lines to the specified number of characters. Disabled if set to 0
+        (default: ``0``).
+    """
+
+    name = 'groff'
+    aliases = ['groff','troff','roff']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.monospaced = get_bool_opt(options, 'monospaced', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+        self.wrap = get_int_opt(options, 'wrap', 0)
+        self._linelen = 0
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        regular = '\\f[CR]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[R]'
+        bold = '\\f[CB]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[B]'
+        italic = '\\f[CI]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[I]'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '\\m[{}]'.format(ndef['color'])
+                end = '\\m[]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += bold
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += italic
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                start += '\\M[{}]'.format(ndef['bgcolor'])
+                end = '\\M[]' + end
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+
+    def _define_colors(self, outfile):
+        colors = set()
+        for _, ndef in self.style:
+            if ndef['color'] is not None:
+                colors.add(ndef['color'])
+
+        for color in sorted(colors):
+            outfile.write('.defcolor ' + color + ' rgb #' + color + '\n')
+
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s% 4d " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+
+    def _wrap_line(self, line):
+        length = len(line.rstrip('\n'))
+        space = '     ' if self.linenos else ''
+        newline = ''
+
+        if length > self.wrap:
+            for i in range(0, math.floor(length / self.wrap)):
+                chunk = line[i*self.wrap:i*self.wrap+self.wrap]
+                newline += (chunk + '\n' + space)
+            remainder = length % self.wrap
+            if remainder > 0:
+                newline += line[-remainder-1:]
+                self._linelen = remainder
+        elif self._linelen + length > self.wrap:
+            newline = ('\n' + space) + line
+            self._linelen = length
+        else:
+            newline = line
+            self._linelen += length
+
+        return newline
+
+
+    def _escape_chars(self, text):
+        text = text.replace('\\', '\\[u005C]'). \
+                    replace('.', '\\[char46]'). \
+                    replace('\'', '\\[u0027]'). \
+                    replace('`', '\\[u0060]'). \
+                    replace('~', '\\[u007E]')
+        copy = text
+
+        for char in copy:
+            if len(char) != len(char.encode()):
+                uni = char.encode('unicode_escape') \
+                    .decode()[1:] \
+                    .replace('x', 'u00') \
+                    .upper()
+                text = text.replace(char, '\\[u' + uni[1:] + ']')
+
+        return text
+
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._define_colors(outfile)
+
+        outfile.write('.nf\n\\f[CR]\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            start, end = self.styles[ttype]
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if self.wrap > 0:
+                    line = self._wrap_line(line)
+
+                if start and end:
+                    text = self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                    if text != '':
+                        outfile.write(''.join((start, text, end)))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n')))
+
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        self._linelen = 0
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+                        self._linelen = 0
+
+        outfile.write('\n.fi')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7aa938f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.html
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for HTML output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import os.path
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, Text, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt
+
+try:
+    import ctags
+except ImportError:
+    ctags = None
+
+__all__ = ['HtmlFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_html_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+    ord('>'): '&gt;',
+    ord('"'): '&quot;',
+    ord("'"): '&#39;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_html(text, table=_escape_html_table):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+def webify(color):
+    if color.startswith('calc') or color.startswith('var'):
+        return color
+    else:
+        return '#' + color
+
+
+def _get_ttype_class(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = '-' + ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+CSSFILE_TEMPLATE = '''\
+/*
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+*/
+%(styledefs)s
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<!--
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <style type="text/css">
+''' + CSSFILE_TEMPLATE + '''
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="%(cssfile)s" type="text/css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_FOOTER = '''\
+</body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+class HtmlFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed
+    in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option).
+    The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option.
+
+    If the `linenos` option is set to ``"table"``, the ``<pre>`` is
+    additionally wrapped inside a ``<table>`` which has one row and two
+    cells: one containing the line numbers and one containing the code.
+    Example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html
+
+        <div class="highlight" >
+        <table><tr>
+          <td class="linenos" title="click to toggle"
+            onclick="with (this.firstChild.style)
+                     { display = (display == '') ? 'none' : '' }">
+            <pre>1
+            2</pre>
+          </td>
+          <td class="code">
+            <pre><span class="Ke">def </span><span class="NaFu">foo</span>(bar):
+              <span class="Ke">pass</span>
+            </pre>
+          </td>
+        </tr></table></div>
+
+    (whitespace added to improve clarity).
+
+    A list of lines can be specified using the `hl_lines` option to make these
+    lines highlighted (as of Pygments 0.11).
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete HTML 4 document is output, including
+    the style definitions inside a ``<style>`` tag, or in a separate file if
+    the `cssfile` option is given.
+
+    When `tagsfile` is set to the path of a ctags index file, it is used to
+    generate hyperlinks from names to their definition.  You must enable
+    `lineanchors` and run ctags with the `-n` option for this to work.  The
+    `python-ctags` module from PyPI must be installed to use this feature;
+    otherwise a `RuntimeError` will be raised.
+
+    The `get_style_defs(arg='')` method of a `HtmlFormatter` returns a string
+    containing CSS rules for the CSS classes used by the formatter. The
+    argument `arg` can be used to specify additional CSS selectors that
+    are prepended to the classes. A call `fmter.get_style_defs('td .code')`
+    would result in the following CSS classes:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        td .code .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        td .code .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    If you have Pygments 0.6 or higher, you can also pass a list or tuple to the
+    `get_style_defs()` method to request multiple prefixes for the tokens:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        formatter.get_style_defs(['div.syntax pre', 'pre.syntax'])
+
+    The output would then look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        div.syntax pre .kw,
+        pre.syntax .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        div.syntax pre .cm,
+        pre.syntax .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't add a ``<pre>`` and a ``<div>`` tag
+        around the tokens. This disables most other options (default: ``False``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``). This option has no effect if the `cssfile`
+        and `noclobber_cssfile` option are given and the file specified in
+        `cssfile` exists.
+
+    `noclasses`
+        If set to true, token ``<span>`` tags (as well as line number elements)
+        will not use CSS classes, but inline styles. This is not recommended
+        for larger pieces of code since it increases output size by quite a bit
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `classprefix`
+        Since the token types use relatively short class names, they may clash
+        with some of your own class names. In this case you can use the
+        `classprefix` option to give a string to prepend to all Pygments-generated
+        CSS class names for token types.
+        Note that this option also affects the output of `get_style_defs()`.
+
+    `cssclass`
+        CSS class for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``'highlight'``).
+        If you set this option, the default selector for `get_style_defs()`
+        will be this class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+           If you select the ``'table'`` line numbers, the wrapping table will
+           have a CSS class of this string plus ``'table'``, the default is
+           accordingly ``'highlighttable'``.
+
+    `cssstyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+    `prestyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the ``<pre>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `cssfile`
+        If the `full` option is true and this option is given, it must be the
+        name of an external file. If the filename does not include an absolute
+        path, the file's path will be assumed to be relative to the main output
+        file's path, if the latter can be found. The stylesheet is then written
+        to this file instead of the HTML file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `noclobber_cssfile`
+        If `cssfile` is given and the specified file exists, the css file will
+        not be overwritten. This allows the use of the `full` option in
+        combination with a user specified css file. Default is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``'table'``, output line numbers as a table with two cells,
+        one containing the line numbers, the other the whole code.  This is
+        copy-and-paste-friendly, but may cause alignment problems with some
+        browsers or fonts.  If set to ``'inline'``, the line numbers will be
+        integrated in the ``<pre>`` tag that contains the code (that setting
+        is *new in Pygments 0.8*).
+
+        For compatibility with Pygments 0.7 and earlier, every true value
+        except ``'inline'`` means the same as ``'table'`` (in particular, that
+        means also ``True``).
+
+        The default value is ``False``, which means no line numbers at all.
+
+        **Note:** with the default ("table") line number mechanism, the line
+        numbers and code can have different line heights in Internet Explorer
+        unless you give the enclosing ``<pre>`` tags an explicit ``line-height``
+        CSS property (you get the default line spacing with ``line-height:
+        125%``).
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted. The line numbers are always
+        relative to the input (i.e. the first line is line 1) and are
+        independent of `linenostart`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `linenospecial`
+        If set to a number n > 0, every nth line number is given the CSS
+        class ``"special"`` (default: ``0``).
+
+    `nobackground`
+        If set to ``True``, the formatter won't output the background color
+        for the wrapping element (this automatically defaults to ``False``
+        when there is no wrapping element [eg: no argument for the
+        `get_syntax_defs` method given]) (default: ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `lineseparator`
+        This string is output between lines of code. It defaults to ``"\n"``,
+        which is enough to break a line inside ``<pre>`` tags, but you can
+        e.g. set it to ``"<br>"`` to get HTML line breaks.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    `lineanchors`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in an anchor tag with an ``id`` (and `name`) of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy linking to certain lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    `linespans`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in a span tag with an ``id`` of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy access to lines via javascript.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `anchorlinenos`
+        If set to `True`, will wrap line numbers in <a> tags. Used in
+        combination with `linenos` and `lineanchors`.
+
+    `tagsfile`
+        If set to the path of a ctags file, wrap names in anchor tags that
+        link to their definitions. `lineanchors` should be used, and the
+        tags file should specify line numbers (see the `-n` option to ctags).
+        The tags file is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `tagurlformat`
+        A string formatting pattern used to generate links to ctags definitions.
+        Available variables are `%(path)s`, `%(fname)s` and `%(fext)s`.
+        Defaults to an empty string, resulting in just `#prefix-number` links.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `filename`
+        A string used to generate a filename when rendering ``<pre>`` blocks,
+        for example if displaying source code. If `linenos` is set to
+        ``'table'`` then the filename will be rendered in an initial row
+        containing a single `<th>` which spans both columns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    `wrapcode`
+        Wrap the code inside ``<pre>`` blocks using ``<code>``, as recommended
+        by the HTML5 specification.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+
+    `debug_token_types`
+        Add ``title`` attributes to all token ``<span>`` tags that show the
+        name of the token.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.10
+
+
+    **Subclassing the HTML formatter**
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    The HTML formatter is now built in a way that allows easy subclassing, thus
+    customizing the output HTML code. The `format()` method calls
+    `self._format_lines()` which returns a generator that yields tuples of ``(1,
+    line)``, where the ``1`` indicates that the ``line`` is a line of the
+    formatted source code.
+
+    If the `nowrap` option is set, the generator is the iterated over and the
+    resulting HTML is output.
+
+    Otherwise, `format()` calls `self.wrap()`, which wraps the generator with
+    other generators. These may add some HTML code to the one generated by
+    `_format_lines()`, either by modifying the lines generated by the latter,
+    then yielding them again with ``(1, line)``, and/or by yielding other HTML
+    code before or after the lines, with ``(0, html)``. The distinction between
+    source lines and other code makes it possible to wrap the generator multiple
+    times.
+
+    The default `wrap()` implementation adds a ``<div>`` and a ``<pre>`` tag.
+
+    A custom `HtmlFormatter` subclass could look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        class CodeHtmlFormatter(HtmlFormatter):
+
+            def wrap(self, source, *, include_div):
+                return self._wrap_code(source)
+
+            def _wrap_code(self, source):
+                yield 0, '<code>'
+                for i, t in source:
+                    if i == 1:
+                        # it's a line of formatted code
+                        t += '<br>'
+                    yield i, t
+                yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    This results in wrapping the formatted lines with a ``<code>`` tag, where the
+    source lines are broken using ``<br>`` tags.
+
+    After calling `wrap()`, the `format()` method also adds the "line numbers"
+    and/or "full document" wrappers if the respective options are set. Then, all
+    HTML yielded by the wrapped generator is output.
+    """
+
+    name = 'HTML'
+    aliases = ['html']
+    filenames = ['*.html', '*.htm']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.title = self._decodeifneeded(self.title)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.noclasses = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclasses', False)
+        self.classprefix = options.get('classprefix', '')
+        self.cssclass = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssclass', 'highlight'))
+        self.cssstyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssstyles', ''))
+        self.prestyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('prestyles', ''))
+        self.cssfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssfile', ''))
+        self.noclobber_cssfile = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclobber_cssfile', False)
+        self.tagsfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagsfile', ''))
+        self.tagurlformat = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagurlformat', ''))
+        self.filename = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('filename', ''))
+        self.wrapcode = get_bool_opt(options, 'wrapcode', False)
+        self.span_element_openers = {}
+        self.debug_token_types = get_bool_opt(options, 'debug_token_types', False)
+
+        if self.tagsfile:
+            if not ctags:
+                raise RuntimeError('The "ctags" package must to be installed '
+                                   'to be able to use the "tagsfile" feature.')
+            self._ctags = ctags.CTags(self.tagsfile)
+
+        linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        if linenos == 'inline':
+            self.linenos = 2
+        elif linenos:
+            # compatibility with <= 0.7
+            self.linenos = 1
+        else:
+            self.linenos = 0
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.linenospecial = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenospecial', 0))
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.lineseparator = options.get('lineseparator', '\n')
+        self.lineanchors = options.get('lineanchors', '')
+        self.linespans = options.get('linespans', '')
+        self.anchorlinenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'anchorlinenos', False)
+        self.hl_lines = set()
+        for lineno in get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', []):
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.add(int(lineno))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _get_css_class(self, ttype):
+        """Return the css class of this token type prefixed with
+        the classprefix option."""
+        ttypeclass = _get_ttype_class(ttype)
+        if ttypeclass:
+            return self.classprefix + ttypeclass
+        return ''
+
+    def _get_css_classes(self, ttype):
+        """Return the CSS classes of this token type prefixed with the classprefix option."""
+        cls = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+        while ttype not in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cls = self._get_css_class(ttype) + ' ' + cls
+        return cls or ''
+
+    def _get_css_inline_styles(self, ttype):
+        """Return the inline CSS styles for this token type."""
+        cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        while cclass is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        return cclass or ''
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2c = self.ttype2class = {Token: ''}
+        c2s = self.class2style = {}
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+            style = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                style += 'color: {}; '.format(webify(ndef['color']))
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                style += 'font-weight: bold; '
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                style += 'font-style: italic; '
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                style += 'text-decoration: underline; '
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                style += 'background-color: {}; '.format(webify(ndef['bgcolor']))
+            if ndef['border']:
+                style += 'border: 1px solid {}; '.format(webify(ndef['border']))
+            if style:
+                t2c[ttype] = name
+                # save len(ttype) to enable ordering the styles by
+                # hierarchy (necessary for CSS cascading rules!)
+                c2s[name] = (style[:-2], ttype, len(ttype))
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        """
+        Return CSS style definitions for the classes produced by the current
+        highlighting style. ``arg`` can be a string or list of selectors to
+        insert before the token type classes.
+        """
+        style_lines = []
+
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_linenos_style_defs())
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_background_style_defs(arg))
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_token_style_defs(arg))
+
+        return '\n'.join(style_lines)
+
+    def get_token_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+
+        styles = [
+            (level, ttype, cls, style)
+            for cls, (style, ttype, level) in self.class2style.items()
+            if cls and style
+        ]
+        styles.sort()
+
+        lines = [
+            f'{prefix(cls)} {{ {style} }} /* {repr(ttype)[6:]} */'
+            for (level, ttype, cls, style) in styles
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_background_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+        bg_color = self.style.background_color
+        hl_color = self.style.highlight_color
+
+        lines = []
+
+        if arg and not self.nobackground and bg_color is not None:
+            text_style = ''
+            if Text in self.ttype2class:
+                text_style = ' ' + self.class2style[self.ttype2class[Text]][0]
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '{}{{ background: {};{} }}'.format(
+                    prefix(''), bg_color, text_style
+                )
+            )
+        if hl_color is not None:
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '{} {{ background-color: {} }}'.format(prefix('hll'), hl_color)
+            )
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_linenos_style_defs(self):
+        lines = [
+            f'pre {{ {self._pre_style} }}',
+            f'td.linenos .normal {{ {self._linenos_style} }}',
+            f'span.linenos {{ {self._linenos_style} }}',
+            f'td.linenos .special {{ {self._linenos_special_style} }}',
+            f'span.linenos.special {{ {self._linenos_special_style} }}',
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_css_prefix(self, arg):
+        if arg is None:
+            arg = ('cssclass' in self.options and '.'+self.cssclass or '')
+        if isinstance(arg, str):
+            args = [arg]
+        else:
+            args = list(arg)
+
+        def prefix(cls):
+            if cls:
+                cls = '.' + cls
+            tmp = []
+            for arg in args:
+                tmp.append((arg and arg + ' ' or '') + cls)
+            return ', '.join(tmp)
+
+        return prefix
+
+    @property
+    def _pre_style(self):
+        return 'line-height: 125%;'
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_style(self):
+        color = self.style.line_number_color
+        background_color = self.style.line_number_background_color
+        return f'color: {color}; background-color: {background_color}; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;'
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_special_style(self):
+        color = self.style.line_number_special_color
+        background_color = self.style.line_number_special_background_color
+        return f'color: {color}; background-color: {background_color}; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;'
+
+    def _decodeifneeded(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            if self.encoding:
+                return value.decode(self.encoding)
+            return value.decode()
+        return value
+
+    def _wrap_full(self, inner, outfile):
+        if self.cssfile:
+            if os.path.isabs(self.cssfile):
+                # it's an absolute filename
+                cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            else:
+                try:
+                    filename = outfile.name
+                    if not filename or filename[0] == '<':
+                        # pseudo files, e.g. name == '<fdopen>'
+                        raise AttributeError
+                    cssfilename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
+                                               self.cssfile)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    print('Note: Cannot determine output file name, '
+                          'using current directory as base for the CSS file name',
+                          file=sys.stderr)
+                    cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            # write CSS file only if noclobber_cssfile isn't given as an option.
+            try:
+                if not os.path.exists(cssfilename) or not self.noclobber_cssfile:
+                    with open(cssfilename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as cf:
+                        cf.write(CSSFILE_TEMPLATE %
+                                 {'styledefs': self.get_style_defs('body')})
+            except OSError as err:
+                err.strerror = 'Error writing CSS file: ' + err.strerror
+                raise
+
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           cssfile=self.cssfile,
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+        else:
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           styledefs=self.get_style_defs('body'),
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, DOC_FOOTER
+
+    def _wrap_tablelinenos(self, inner):
+        dummyoutfile = StringIO()
+        lncount = 0
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                lncount += 1
+            dummyoutfile.write(line)
+
+        fl = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(lncount + fl - 1))
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        lines = []
+
+        for i in range(fl, fl+lncount):
+            print_line = i % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and i % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, i)
+                if aln:
+                    line = '<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, i, line)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = f' style="{self._linenos_special_style}"'
+                else:
+                    style = f' style="{self._linenos_style}"'
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="normal"'
+
+            if style:
+                line = f'<span{style}>{line}</span>'
+
+            lines.append(line)
+
+        ls = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        # If a filename was specified, we can't put it into the code table as it
+        # would misalign the line numbers. Hence we emit a separate row for it.
+        filename_tr = ""
+        if self.filename:
+            filename_tr = (
+                '<tr><th colspan="2" class="filename">'
+                '<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>'
+                '</th></tr>')
+
+        # in case you wonder about the seemingly redundant <div> here: since the
+        # content in the other cell also is wrapped in a div, some browsers in
+        # some configurations seem to mess up the formatting...
+        yield 0, (f'<table class="{self.cssclass}table">' + filename_tr +
+            '<tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>' +
+            ls + '</pre></div></td><td class="code">')
+        yield 0, '<div>'
+        yield 0, dummyoutfile.getvalue()
+        yield 0, '</div>'
+        yield 0, '</td></tr></table>'
+
+
+    def _wrap_inlinelinenos(self, inner):
+        # need a list of lines since we need the width of a single number :(
+        inner_lines = list(inner)
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        num = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(len(inner_lines) + num - 1))
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        for _, inner_line in inner_lines:
+            print_line = num % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and num % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, num)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = f' style="{self._linenos_special_style}"'
+                else:
+                    style = f' style="{self._linenos_style}"'
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="linenos special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="linenos"'
+
+            if style:
+                linenos = f'<span{style}>{line}</span>'
+            else:
+                linenos = line
+
+            if aln:
+                yield 1, ('<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, num, linenos) +
+                          inner_line)
+            else:
+                yield 1, linenos + inner_line
+            num += 1
+
+    def _wrap_lineanchors(self, inner):
+        s = self.lineanchors
+        # subtract 1 since we have to increment i *before* yielding
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                href = "" if self.linenos else ' href="#%s-%d"' % (s, i)
+                yield 1, '<a id="%s-%d" name="%s-%d"%s></a>' % (s, i, s, i, href) + line
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_linespans(self, inner):
+        s = self.linespans
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                yield 1, '<span id="%s-%d">%s</span>' % (s, i, line)
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_div(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if (self.noclasses and not self.nobackground and
+                self.style.background_color is not None):
+            style.append(f'background: {self.style.background_color}')
+        if self.cssstyles:
+            style.append(self.cssstyles)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        yield 0, ('<div' + (self.cssclass and f' class="{self.cssclass}"') +
+                  (style and (f' style="{style}"')) + '>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</div>\n'
+
+    def _wrap_pre(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if self.prestyles:
+            style.append(self.prestyles)
+        if self.noclasses:
+            style.append(self._pre_style)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        if self.filename and self.linenos != 1:
+            yield 0, ('<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>')
+
+        # the empty span here is to keep leading empty lines from being
+        # ignored by HTML parsers
+        yield 0, ('<pre' + (style and f' style="{style}"') + '><span></span>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</pre>'
+
+    def _wrap_code(self, inner):
+        yield 0, '<code>'
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=100)
+    def _translate_parts(self, value):
+        """HTML-escape a value and split it by newlines."""
+        return value.translate(_escape_html_table).split('\n')
+
+    def _format_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Just format the tokens, without any wrapping tags.
+        Yield individual lines.
+        """
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+        lsep = self.lineseparator
+        tagsfile = self.tagsfile
+
+        lspan = ''
+        line = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            try:
+                cspan = self.span_element_openers[ttype]
+            except KeyError:
+                title = ' title="{}"'.format('.'.join(ttype)) if self.debug_token_types else ''
+                if nocls:
+                    css_style = self._get_css_inline_styles(ttype)
+                    if css_style:
+                        css_style = self.class2style[css_style][0]
+                        cspan = f'<span style="{css_style}"{title}>'
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                else:
+                    css_class = self._get_css_classes(ttype)
+                    if css_class:
+                        cspan = f'<span class="{css_class}"{title}>'
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                self.span_element_openers[ttype] = cspan
+
+            parts = self._translate_parts(value)
+
+            if tagsfile and ttype in Token.Name:
+                filename, linenumber = self._lookup_ctag(value)
+                if linenumber:
+                    base, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                    if base:
+                        base += '/'
+                    filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
+                    url = self.tagurlformat % {'path': base, 'fname': filename,
+                                               'fext': extension}
+                    parts[0] = "<a href=\"%s#%s-%d\">%s" % \
+                        (url, self.lineanchors, linenumber, parts[0])
+                    parts[-1] = parts[-1] + "</a>"
+
+            # for all but the last line
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                if line:
+                    # Also check for part being non-empty, so we avoid creating
+                    # empty <span> tags
+                    if lspan != cspan and part:
+                        line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, part,
+                                     (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    else:  # both are the same, or the current part was empty
+                        line.extend((part, (lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    yield 1, ''.join(line)
+                    line = []
+                elif part:
+                    yield 1, ''.join((cspan, part, (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                else:
+                    yield 1, lsep
+            # for the last line
+            if line and parts[-1]:
+                if lspan != cspan:
+                    line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, parts[-1]))
+                    lspan = cspan
+                else:
+                    line.append(parts[-1])
+            elif parts[-1]:
+                line = [cspan, parts[-1]]
+                lspan = cspan
+            # else we neither have to open a new span nor set lspan
+
+        if line:
+            line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+            yield 1, ''.join(line)
+
+    def _lookup_ctag(self, token):
+        entry = ctags.TagEntry()
+        if self._ctags.find(entry, token.encode(), 0):
+            return entry['file'].decode(), entry['lineNumber']
+        else:
+            return None, None
+
+    def _highlight_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Highlighted the lines specified in the `hl_lines` option by
+        post-processing the token stream coming from `_format_lines`.
+        """
+        hls = self.hl_lines
+
+        for i, (t, value) in enumerate(tokensource):
+            if t != 1:
+                yield t, value
+            if i + 1 in hls:  # i + 1 because Python indexes start at 0
+                if self.noclasses:
+                    style = ''
+                    if self.style.highlight_color is not None:
+                        style = (f' style="background-color: {self.style.highlight_color}"')
+                    yield 1, f'<span{style}>{value}</span>'
+                else:
+                    yield 1, f'<span class="hll">{value}</span>'
+            else:
+                yield 1, value
+
+    def wrap(self, source):
+        """
+        Wrap the ``source``, which is a generator yielding
+        individual lines, in custom generators. See docstring
+        for `format`. Can be overridden.
+        """
+
+        output = source
+        if self.wrapcode:
+            output = self._wrap_code(output)
+
+        output = self._wrap_pre(output)
+
+        return output
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        The formatting process uses several nested generators; which of
+        them are used is determined by the user's options.
+
+        Each generator should take at least one argument, ``inner``,
+        and wrap the pieces of text generated by this.
+
+        Always yield 2-tuples: (code, text). If "code" is 1, the text
+        is part of the original tokensource being highlighted, if it's
+        0, the text is some piece of wrapping. This makes it possible to
+        use several different wrappers that process the original source
+        linewise, e.g. line number generators.
+        """
+        source = self._format_lines(tokensource)
+
+        # As a special case, we wrap line numbers before line highlighting
+        # so the line numbers get wrapped in the highlighting tag.
+        if not self.nowrap and self.linenos == 2:
+            source = self._wrap_inlinelinenos(source)
+
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            source = self._highlight_lines(source)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.lineanchors:
+                source = self._wrap_lineanchors(source)
+            if self.linespans:
+                source = self._wrap_linespans(source)
+            source = self.wrap(source)
+            if self.linenos == 1:
+                source = self._wrap_tablelinenos(source)
+            source = self._wrap_div(source)
+            if self.full:
+                source = self._wrap_full(source, outfile)
+
+        for t, piece in source:
+            outfile.write(piece)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7542cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.img
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pixmap output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt
+
+import subprocess
+
+# Import this carefully
+try:
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+    pil_available = True
+except ImportError:
+    pil_available = False
+
+try:
+    import _winreg
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import winreg as _winreg
+    except ImportError:
+        _winreg = None
+
+__all__ = ['ImageFormatter', 'GifImageFormatter', 'JpgImageFormatter',
+           'BmpImageFormatter']
+
+
+# For some unknown reason every font calls it something different
+STYLES = {
+    'NORMAL':     ['', 'Roman', 'Book', 'Normal', 'Regular', 'Medium'],
+    'ITALIC':     ['Oblique', 'Italic'],
+    'BOLD':       ['Bold'],
+    'BOLDITALIC': ['Bold Oblique', 'Bold Italic'],
+}
+
+# A sane default for modern systems
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX = 'DejaVu Sans Mono'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN = 'Courier New'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC = 'Menlo'
+
+
+class PilNotAvailable(ImportError):
+    """When Python imaging library is not available"""
+
+
+class FontNotFound(Exception):
+    """When there are no usable fonts specified"""
+
+
+class FontManager:
+    """
+    Manages a set of fonts: normal, italic, bold, etc...
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, font_name, font_size=14):
+        self.font_name = font_name
+        self.font_size = font_size
+        self.fonts = {}
+        self.encoding = None
+        self.variable = False
+        if hasattr(font_name, 'read') or os.path.isfile(font_name):
+            font = ImageFont.truetype(font_name, self.font_size)
+            self.variable = True
+            for style in STYLES:
+                self.fonts[style] = font
+
+            return
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN
+            self._create_win()
+        elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC
+            self._create_mac()
+        else:
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX
+            self._create_nix()
+
+    def _get_nix_font_path(self, name, style):
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', f"{name}:style={style}", 'file'],
+                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=None)
+        stdout, _ = proc.communicate()
+        if proc.returncode == 0:
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                if line.startswith(b'Fontconfig warning:'):
+                    continue
+                path = line.decode().strip().strip(':')
+                if path:
+                    return path
+            return None
+
+    def _create_nix(self):
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound(f'No usable fonts named: "{self.font_name}"')
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _get_mac_font_path(self, font_map, name, style):
+        return font_map.get((name + ' ' + style).strip().lower())
+
+    def _create_mac(self):
+        font_map = {}
+        for font_dir in (os.path.join(os.getenv("HOME"), 'Library/Fonts/'),
+                         '/Library/Fonts/', '/System/Library/Fonts/'):
+            font_map.update(
+                (os.path.splitext(f)[0].lower(), os.path.join(font_dir, f))
+                for f in os.listdir(font_dir)
+                if f.lower().endswith(('ttf', 'ttc')))
+
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound(f'No usable fonts named: "{self.font_name}"')
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _lookup_win(self, key, basename, styles, fail=False):
+        for suffix in ('', ' (TrueType)'):
+            for style in styles:
+                try:
+                    valname = '{}{}{}'.format(basename, style and ' '+style, suffix)
+                    val, _ = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, valname)
+                    return val
+                except OSError:
+                    continue
+        else:
+            if fail:
+                raise FontNotFound(f'Font {basename} ({styles[0]}) not found in registry')
+            return None
+
+    def _create_win(self):
+        lookuperror = None
+        keynames = [ (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts') ]
+        for keyname in keynames:
+            try:
+                key = _winreg.OpenKey(*keyname)
+                try:
+                    path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES['NORMAL'], True)
+                    self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+                        path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES[style])
+                        if path:
+                            self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                        else:
+                            if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                            else:
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+                    return
+                except FontNotFound as err:
+                    lookuperror = err
+                finally:
+                    _winreg.CloseKey(key)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            # If we get here, we checked all registry keys and had no luck
+            # We can be in one of two situations now:
+            # * All key lookups failed. In this case lookuperror is None and we
+            #   will raise a generic error
+            # * At least one lookup failed with a FontNotFound error. In this
+            #   case, we will raise that as a more specific error
+            if lookuperror:
+                raise lookuperror
+            raise FontNotFound('Can\'t open Windows font registry key')
+
+    def get_char_size(self):
+        """
+        Get the character size.
+        """
+        return self.get_text_size('M')
+
+    def get_text_size(self, text):
+        """
+        Get the text size (width, height).
+        """
+        font = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+        if hasattr(font, 'getbbox'):  # Pillow >= 9.2.0
+            return font.getbbox(text)[2:4]
+        else:
+            return font.getsize(text)
+
+    def get_font(self, bold, oblique):
+        """
+        Get the font based on bold and italic flags.
+        """
+        if bold and oblique:
+            if self.variable:
+                return self.get_style('BOLDITALIC')
+
+            return self.fonts['BOLDITALIC']
+        elif bold:
+            if self.variable:
+                return self.get_style('BOLD')
+
+            return self.fonts['BOLD']
+        elif oblique:
+            if self.variable:
+                return self.get_style('ITALIC')
+
+            return self.fonts['ITALIC']
+        else:
+            if self.variable:
+                return self.get_style('NORMAL')
+
+            return self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def get_style(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the specified style of the font if it is a variable font.
+        If not found, return the normal font.
+        """
+        font = self.fonts[style]
+        for style_name in STYLES[style]:
+            try:
+                font.set_variation_by_name(style_name)
+                return font
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            except OSError:
+                return font
+
+        return font
+
+
+class ImageFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `image_format`
+        An image format to output to that is recognised by PIL, these include:
+
+        * "PNG" (default)
+        * "JPEG"
+        * "BMP"
+        * "GIF"
+
+    `line_pad`
+        The extra spacing (in pixels) between each line of text.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `font_name`
+        The font name to be used as the base font from which others, such as
+        bold and italic fonts will be generated.  This really should be a
+        monospace font to look sane.
+        If a filename or a file-like object is specified, the user must
+        provide different styles of the font.
+
+        Default: "Courier New" on Windows, "Menlo" on Mac OS, and
+                 "DejaVu Sans Mono" on \\*nix
+
+    `font_size`
+        The font size in points to be used.
+
+        Default: 14
+
+    `image_pad`
+        The padding, in pixels to be used at each edge of the resulting image.
+
+        Default: 10
+
+    `line_numbers`
+        Whether line numbers should be shown: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_start`
+        The line number of the first line.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_step`
+        The step used when printing line numbers.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_bg`
+        The background colour (in "#123456" format) of the line number bar, or
+        None to use the style background color.
+
+        Default: "#eed"
+
+    `line_number_fg`
+        The text color of the line numbers (in "#123456"-like format).
+
+        Default: "#886"
+
+    `line_number_chars`
+        The number of columns of line numbers allowable in the line number
+        margin.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `line_number_bold`
+        Whether line numbers will be bold: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_italic`
+        Whether line numbers will be italicized: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_separator`
+        Whether a line will be drawn between the line number area and the
+        source code area: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_pad`
+        The horizontal padding (in pixels) between the line number margin, and
+        the source code area.
+
+        Default: 6
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: empty list
+
+    `hl_color`
+        Specify the color for highlighting lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: highlight color of the selected style
+    """
+
+    # Required by the pygments mapper
+    name = 'img'
+    aliases = ['img', 'IMG', 'png']
+    filenames = ['*.png']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    default_image_format = 'png'
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        See the class docstring for explanation of options.
+        """
+        if not pil_available:
+            raise PilNotAvailable(
+                'Python Imaging Library is required for this formatter')
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.encoding = 'latin1'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        # Read the style
+        self.styles = dict(self.style)
+        if self.style.background_color is None:
+            self.background_color = '#fff'
+        else:
+            self.background_color = self.style.background_color
+        # Image options
+        self.image_format = get_choice_opt(
+            options, 'image_format', ['png', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'bmp'],
+            self.default_image_format, normcase=True)
+        self.image_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'image_pad', 10)
+        self.line_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_pad', 2)
+        # The fonts
+        fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'font_size', 14)
+        self.fonts = FontManager(options.get('font_name', ''), fontsize)
+        self.fontw, self.fonth = self.fonts.get_char_size()
+        # Line number options
+        self.line_number_fg = options.get('line_number_fg', '#886')
+        self.line_number_bg = options.get('line_number_bg', '#eed')
+        self.line_number_chars = get_int_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_chars', 2)
+        self.line_number_bold = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_bold', False)
+        self.line_number_italic = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                               'line_number_italic', False)
+        self.line_number_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_pad', 6)
+        self.line_numbers = get_bool_opt(options, 'line_numbers', True)
+        self.line_number_separator = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                                  'line_number_separator', True)
+        self.line_number_step = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_step', 1)
+        self.line_number_start = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_start', 1)
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            self.line_number_width = (self.fontw * self.line_number_chars +
+                                      self.line_number_pad * 2)
+        else:
+            self.line_number_width = 0
+        self.hl_lines = []
+        hl_lines_str = get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', [])
+        for line in hl_lines_str:
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.append(int(line))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        self.hl_color = options.get('hl_color',
+                                    self.style.highlight_color) or '#f90'
+        self.drawables = []
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        raise NotImplementedError('The -S option is meaningless for the image '
+                                  'formatter. Use -O style=<stylename> instead.')
+
+    def _get_line_height(self):
+        """
+        Get the height of a line.
+        """
+        return self.fonth + self.line_pad
+
+    def _get_line_y(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the Y coordinate of a line number.
+        """
+        return lineno * self._get_line_height() + self.image_pad
+
+    def _get_char_width(self):
+        """
+        Get the width of a character.
+        """
+        return self.fontw
+
+    def _get_char_x(self, linelength):
+        """
+        Get the X coordinate of a character position.
+        """
+        return linelength + self.image_pad + self.line_number_width
+
+    def _get_text_pos(self, linelength, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for a character and line position.
+        """
+        return self._get_char_x(linelength), self._get_line_y(lineno)
+
+    def _get_linenumber_pos(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for the start of a line number.
+        """
+        return (self.image_pad, self._get_line_y(lineno))
+
+    def _get_text_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['color'] is not None:
+            fill = '#' + style['color']
+        else:
+            fill = '#000'
+        return fill
+
+    def _get_text_bg_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct background color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['bgcolor'] is not None:
+            bg_color = '#' + style['bgcolor']
+        else:
+            bg_color = None
+        return bg_color
+
+    def _get_style_font(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct font for the style.
+        """
+        return self.fonts.get_font(style['bold'], style['italic'])
+
+    def _get_image_size(self, maxlinelength, maxlineno):
+        """
+        Get the required image size.
+        """
+        return (self._get_char_x(maxlinelength) + self.image_pad,
+                self._get_line_y(maxlineno + 0) + self.image_pad)
+
+    def _draw_linenumber(self, posno, lineno):
+        """
+        Remember a line number drawable to paint later.
+        """
+        self._draw_text(
+            self._get_linenumber_pos(posno),
+            str(lineno).rjust(self.line_number_chars),
+            font=self.fonts.get_font(self.line_number_bold,
+                                     self.line_number_italic),
+            text_fg=self.line_number_fg,
+            text_bg=None,
+        )
+
+    def _draw_text(self, pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg):
+        """
+        Remember a single drawable tuple to paint later.
+        """
+        self.drawables.append((pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg))
+
+    def _create_drawables(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the token content.
+        """
+        lineno = charno = maxcharno = 0
+        maxlinelength = linelength = 0
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.styles[ttype]
+            # TODO: make sure tab expansion happens earlier in the chain.  It
+            # really ought to be done on the input, as to do it right here is
+            # quite complex.
+            value = value.expandtabs(4)
+            lines = value.splitlines(True)
+            # print lines
+            for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+                temp = line.rstrip('\n')
+                if temp:
+                    self._draw_text(
+                        self._get_text_pos(linelength, lineno),
+                        temp,
+                        font = self._get_style_font(style),
+                        text_fg = self._get_text_color(style),
+                        text_bg = self._get_text_bg_color(style),
+                    )
+                    temp_width, _ = self.fonts.get_text_size(temp)
+                    linelength += temp_width
+                    maxlinelength = max(maxlinelength, linelength)
+                    charno += len(temp)
+                    maxcharno = max(maxcharno, charno)
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    # add a line for each extra line in the value
+                    linelength = 0
+                    charno = 0
+                    lineno += 1
+        self.maxlinelength = maxlinelength
+        self.maxcharno = maxcharno
+        self.maxlineno = lineno
+
+    def _draw_line_numbers(self):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the line numbers.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        for p in range(self.maxlineno):
+            n = p + self.line_number_start
+            if (n % self.line_number_step) == 0:
+                self._draw_linenumber(p, n)
+
+    def _paint_line_number_bg(self, im):
+        """
+        Paint the line number background on the image.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        if self.line_number_fg is None:
+            return
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        recth = im.size[-1]
+        rectw = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad
+        draw.rectangle([(0, 0), (rectw, recth)],
+                       fill=self.line_number_bg)
+        if self.line_number_separator:
+            draw.line([(rectw, 0), (rectw, recth)], fill=self.line_number_fg)
+        del draw
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        This implementation calculates where it should draw each token on the
+        pixmap, then calculates the required pixmap size and draws the items.
+        """
+        self._create_drawables(tokensource)
+        self._draw_line_numbers()
+        im = Image.new(
+            'RGB',
+            self._get_image_size(self.maxlinelength, self.maxlineno),
+            self.background_color
+        )
+        self._paint_line_number_bg(im)
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        # Highlight
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            x = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad + 1
+            recth = self._get_line_height()
+            rectw = im.size[0] - x
+            for linenumber in self.hl_lines:
+                y = self._get_line_y(linenumber - 1)
+                draw.rectangle([(x, y), (x + rectw, y + recth)],
+                               fill=self.hl_color)
+        for pos, value, font, text_fg, text_bg in self.drawables:
+            if text_bg:
+                # see deprecations https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/9.2.0.html#font-size-and-offset-methods
+                if hasattr(draw, 'textsize'):
+                    text_size = draw.textsize(text=value, font=font)
+                else:
+                    text_size = font.getbbox(value)[2:]
+                draw.rectangle([pos[0], pos[1], pos[0] + text_size[0], pos[1] + text_size[1]], fill=text_bg)
+            draw.text(pos, value, font=font, fill=text_fg)
+        im.save(outfile, self.image_format.upper())
+
+
+# Add one formatter per format, so that the "-f gif" option gives the correct result
+# when used in pygmentize.
+
+class GifImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_gif'
+    aliases = ['gif']
+    filenames = ['*.gif']
+    default_image_format = 'gif'
+
+
+class JpgImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_jpg'
+    aliases = ['jpg', 'jpeg']
+    filenames = ['*.jpg']
+    default_image_format = 'jpeg'
+
+
+class BmpImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_bmp'
+    aliases = ['bmp', 'bitmap']
+    filenames = ['*.bmp']
+    default_image_format = 'bmp'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468c287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.irc
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for IRC output
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['IRCFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+IRC_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+IRC_COLOR_MAP = {
+    'white': 0,
+    'black': 1,
+    'blue': 2,
+    'brightgreen': 3,
+    'brightred': 4,
+    'yellow': 5,
+    'magenta': 6,
+    'orange': 7,
+    'green': 7, #compat w/ ansi
+    'brightyellow': 8,
+    'lightgreen': 9,
+    'brightcyan': 9, # compat w/ ansi
+    'cyan': 10,
+    'lightblue': 11,
+    'red': 11, # compat w/ ansi
+    'brightblue': 12,
+    'brightmagenta': 13,
+    'brightblack': 14,
+    'gray': 15,
+}
+
+def ircformat(color, text):
+    if len(color) < 1:
+        return text
+    add = sub = ''
+    if '_' in color: # italic
+        add += '\x1D'
+        sub = '\x1D' + sub
+        color = color.strip('_')
+    if '*' in color: # bold
+        add += '\x02'
+        sub = '\x02' + sub
+        color = color.strip('*')
+    # underline (\x1F) not supported
+    # backgrounds (\x03FF,BB) not supported
+    if len(color) > 0: # actual color - may have issues with ircformat("red", "blah")+"10" type stuff
+        add += '\x03' + str(IRC_COLOR_MAP[color]).zfill(2)
+        sub = '\x03' + sub
+    return add + text + sub
+    return '<'+add+'>'+text+'</'+sub+'>'
+
+
+class IRCFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with IRC color sequences
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers in the output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'IRC'
+    aliases = ['irc', 'IRC']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or IRC_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._lineno += 1
+            outfile.write("%04d: " % self._lineno)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            while color is None:
+                ttype = ttype[:-1]
+                color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            if color:
+                color = color[self.darkbg]
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write(ircformat(color, line))
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                    self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write(ircformat(color, spl[-1]))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec9089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.latex
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for LaTeX fancyvrb output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer, do_insertions
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['LatexFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_tex(text, commandprefix):
+    return text.replace('\\', '\x00'). \
+                replace('{', '\x01'). \
+                replace('}', '\x02'). \
+                replace('\x00', rf'\{commandprefix}Zbs{{}}'). \
+                replace('\x01', rf'\{commandprefix}Zob{{}}'). \
+                replace('\x02', rf'\{commandprefix}Zcb{{}}'). \
+                replace('^', rf'\{commandprefix}Zca{{}}'). \
+                replace('_', rf'\{commandprefix}Zus{{}}'). \
+                replace('&', rf'\{commandprefix}Zam{{}}'). \
+                replace('<', rf'\{commandprefix}Zlt{{}}'). \
+                replace('>', rf'\{commandprefix}Zgt{{}}'). \
+                replace('#', rf'\{commandprefix}Zsh{{}}'). \
+                replace('%', rf'\{commandprefix}Zpc{{}}'). \
+                replace('$', rf'\{commandprefix}Zdl{{}}'). \
+                replace('-', rf'\{commandprefix}Zhy{{}}'). \
+                replace("'", rf'\{commandprefix}Zsq{{}}'). \
+                replace('"', rf'\{commandprefix}Zdq{{}}'). \
+                replace('~', rf'\{commandprefix}Zti{{}}')
+
+
+DOC_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\documentclass{%(docclass)s}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage[%(encoding)s]{inputenc}
+%(preamble)s
+
+%(styledefs)s
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\section*{%(title)s}
+
+%(code)s
+\end{document}
+'''
+
+## Small explanation of the mess below :)
+#
+# The previous version of the LaTeX formatter just assigned a command to
+# each token type defined in the current style.  That obviously is
+# problematic if the highlighted code is produced for a different style
+# than the style commands themselves.
+#
+# This version works much like the HTML formatter which assigns multiple
+# CSS classes to each <span> tag, from the most specific to the least
+# specific token type, thus falling back to the parent token type if one
+# is not defined.  Here, the classes are there too and use the same short
+# forms given in token.STANDARD_TYPES.
+#
+# Highlighted code now only uses one custom command, which by default is
+# \PY and selectable by the commandprefix option (and in addition the
+# escapes \PYZat, \PYZlb and \PYZrb which haven't been renamed for
+# backwards compatibility purposes).
+#
+# \PY has two arguments: the classes, separated by +, and the text to
+# render in that style.  The classes are resolved into the respective
+# style commands by magic, which serves to ignore unknown classes.
+#
+# The magic macros are:
+# * \PY@it, \PY@bf, etc. are unconditionally wrapped around the text
+#   to render in \PY@do.  Their definition determines the style.
+# * \PY@reset resets \PY@it etc. to do nothing.
+# * \PY@toks parses the list of classes, using magic inspired by the
+#   keyval package (but modified to use plusses instead of commas
+#   because fancyvrb redefines commas inside its environments).
+# * \PY@tok processes one class, calling the \PY@tok@classname command
+#   if it exists.
+# * \PY@tok@classname sets the \PY@it etc. to reflect the chosen style
+#   for its class.
+# * \PY resets the style, parses the classnames and then calls \PY@do.
+#
+# Tip: to read this code, print it out in substituted form using e.g.
+# >>> print STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': 'PY'}
+
+STYLE_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\makeatletter
+\def\%(cp)s@reset{\let\%(cp)s@it=\relax \let\%(cp)s@bf=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@ul=\relax \let\%(cp)s@tc=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@bc=\relax \let\%(cp)s@ff=\relax}
+\def\%(cp)s@tok#1{\csname %(cp)s@tok@#1\endcsname}
+\def\%(cp)s@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%%
+    \%(cp)s@tok{#1}\expandafter\%(cp)s@toks\fi}
+\def\%(cp)s@do#1{\%(cp)s@bc{\%(cp)s@tc{\%(cp)s@ul{%%
+    \%(cp)s@it{\%(cp)s@bf{\%(cp)s@ff{#1}}}}}}}
+\def\%(cp)s#1#2{\%(cp)s@reset\%(cp)s@toks#1+\relax+\%(cp)s@do{#2}}
+
+%(styles)s
+
+\def\%(cp)sZbs{\char`\\}
+\def\%(cp)sZus{\char`\_}
+\def\%(cp)sZob{\char`\{}
+\def\%(cp)sZcb{\char`\}}
+\def\%(cp)sZca{\char`\^}
+\def\%(cp)sZam{\char`\&}
+\def\%(cp)sZlt{\char`\<}
+\def\%(cp)sZgt{\char`\>}
+\def\%(cp)sZsh{\char`\#}
+\def\%(cp)sZpc{\char`\%%}
+\def\%(cp)sZdl{\char`\$}
+\def\%(cp)sZhy{\char`\-}
+\def\%(cp)sZsq{\char`\'}
+\def\%(cp)sZdq{\char`\"}
+\def\%(cp)sZti{\char`\~}
+%% for compatibility with earlier versions
+\def\%(cp)sZat{@}
+\def\%(cp)sZlb{[}
+\def\%(cp)sZrb{]}
+\makeatother
+'''
+
+
+def _get_ttype_name(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+class LatexFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color`
+    standard packages.
+
+    Without the `full` option, code is formatted as one ``Verbatim``
+    environment, like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: latex
+
+        \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+        \PY{k}{def }\PY{n+nf}{foo}(\PY{n}{bar}):
+            \PY{k}{pass}
+        \end{Verbatim}
+
+    Wrapping can be disabled using the `nowrap` option.
+
+    The special command used here (``\PY``) and all the other macros it needs
+    are output by the `get_style_defs` method.
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete LaTeX document is output, including
+    the command definitions in the preamble.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method of a `LatexFormatter` returns a string
+    containing ``\def`` commands defining the macros needed inside the
+    ``Verbatim`` environments.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't wrap the tokens at all, not even inside a
+        ``\begin{Verbatim}`` environment. This disables most other options
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `docclass`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this is the document class to use
+        (default: ``'article'``).
+
+    `preamble`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this can be further preamble commands,
+        e.g. ``\usepackage`` (default: ``''``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``True``, output line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `verboptions`
+        Additional options given to the Verbatim environment (see the *fancyvrb*
+        docs for possible values) (default: ``''``).
+
+    `commandprefix`
+        The LaTeX commands used to produce colored output are constructed
+        using this prefix and some letters (default: ``'PY'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+           The default is now ``'PY'`` instead of ``'C'``.
+
+    `texcomments`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX comment lines.  That is, LaTex markup
+        in comment tokens is not escaped so that LaTeX can render it (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `mathescape`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX math mode escape in comments. That
+        is, ``'$...$'`` inside a comment will trigger math mode (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `escapeinside`
+        If set to a string of length 2, enables escaping to LaTeX. Text
+        delimited by these 2 characters is read as LaTeX code and
+        typeset accordingly. It has no effect in string literals. It has
+        no effect in comments if `texcomments` or `mathescape` is
+        set. (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    `envname`
+        Allows you to pick an alternative environment name replacing Verbatim.
+        The alternate environment still has to support Verbatim's option syntax.
+        (default: ``'Verbatim'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'LaTeX'
+    aliases = ['latex', 'tex']
+    filenames = ['*.tex']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.docclass = options.get('docclass', 'article')
+        self.preamble = options.get('preamble', '')
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.verboptions = options.get('verboptions', '')
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.commandprefix = options.get('commandprefix', 'PY')
+        self.texcomments = get_bool_opt(options, 'texcomments', False)
+        self.mathescape = get_bool_opt(options, 'mathescape', False)
+        self.escapeinside = options.get('escapeinside', '')
+        if len(self.escapeinside) == 2:
+            self.left = self.escapeinside[0]
+            self.right = self.escapeinside[1]
+        else:
+            self.escapeinside = ''
+        self.envname = options.get('envname', 'Verbatim')
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2n = self.ttype2name = {Token: ''}
+        c2d = self.cmd2def = {}
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        def rgbcolor(col):
+            if col:
+                return ','.join(['%.2f' % (int(col[i] + col[i + 1], 16) / 255.0)
+                                 for i in (0, 2, 4)])
+            else:
+                return '1,1,1'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = _get_ttype_name(ttype)
+            cmndef = ''
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@bf=\textbf'
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@it=\textit'
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ul=\underline'
+            if ndef['roman']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textrm'
+            if ndef['sans']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['mono']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['color']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@tc##1{{\textcolor[rgb]{{{}}}{{##1}}}}'.format(rgbcolor(ndef['color'])))
+            if ndef['border']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{{{\setlength{{\fboxsep}}{{\string -\fboxrule}}'
+                           r'\fcolorbox[rgb]{{{}}}{{{}}}{{\strut ##1}}}}}}'.format(rgbcolor(ndef['border']),
+                            rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor'])))
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{{{\setlength{{\fboxsep}}{{0pt}}'
+                           r'\colorbox[rgb]{{{}}}{{\strut ##1}}}}}}'.format(rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor'])))
+            if cmndef == '':
+                continue
+            cmndef = cmndef.replace('$$', cp)
+            t2n[ttype] = name
+            c2d[name] = cmndef
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        Return the command sequences needed to define the commands
+        used to format text in the verbatim environment. ``arg`` is ignored.
+        """
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+        styles = []
+        for name, definition in self.cmd2def.items():
+            styles.append(rf'\@namedef{{{cp}@tok@{name}}}{{{definition}}}')
+        return STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': self.commandprefix,
+                                 'styles': '\n'.join(styles)}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        # TODO: add support for background colors
+        t2n = self.ttype2name
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        if self.full:
+            realoutfile = outfile
+            outfile = StringIO()
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\begin{' + self.envname + '}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}')
+            if self.linenos:
+                start, step = self.linenostart, self.linenostep
+                outfile.write(',numbers=left' +
+                              (start and ',firstnumber=%d' % start or '') +
+                              (step and ',stepnumber=%d' % step or ''))
+            if self.mathescape or self.texcomments or self.escapeinside:
+                outfile.write(',codes={\\catcode`\\$=3\\catcode`\\^=7'
+                              '\\catcode`\\_=8\\relax}')
+            if self.verboptions:
+                outfile.write(',' + self.verboptions)
+            outfile.write(']\n')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if ttype in Token.Comment:
+                if self.texcomments:
+                    # Try to guess comment starting lexeme and escape it ...
+                    start = value[0:1]
+                    for i in range(1, len(value)):
+                        if start[0] != value[i]:
+                            break
+                        start += value[i]
+
+                    value = value[len(start):]
+                    start = escape_tex(start, cp)
+
+                    # ... but do not escape inside comment.
+                    value = start + value
+                elif self.mathescape:
+                    # Only escape parts not inside a math environment.
+                    parts = value.split('$')
+                    in_math = False
+                    for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                        if not in_math:
+                            parts[i] = escape_tex(part, cp)
+                        in_math = not in_math
+                    value = '$'.join(parts)
+                elif self.escapeinside:
+                    text = value
+                    value = ''
+                    while text:
+                        a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+                        if sep1:
+                            b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                            if sep2:
+                                value += escape_tex(a, cp) + b
+                            else:
+                                value += escape_tex(a + sep1 + b, cp)
+                        else:
+                            value += escape_tex(a, cp)
+                else:
+                    value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            elif ttype not in Token.Escape:
+                value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            styles = []
+            while ttype is not Token:
+                try:
+                    styles.append(t2n[ttype])
+                except KeyError:
+                    # not in current style
+                    styles.append(_get_ttype_name(ttype))
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            styleval = '+'.join(reversed(styles))
+            if styleval:
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write(f"\\{cp}{{{styleval}}}{{{line}}}")
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write(f"\\{cp}{{{styleval}}}{{{spl[-1]}}}")
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\end{' + self.envname + '}\n')
+
+        if self.full:
+            encoding = self.encoding or 'utf8'
+            # map known existings encodings from LaTeX distribution
+            encoding = {
+                'utf_8': 'utf8',
+                'latin_1': 'latin1',
+                'iso_8859_1': 'latin1',
+            }.get(encoding.replace('-', '_'), encoding)
+            realoutfile.write(DOC_TEMPLATE %
+                dict(docclass  = self.docclass,
+                     preamble  = self.preamble,
+                     title     = self.title,
+                     encoding  = encoding,
+                     styledefs = self.get_style_defs(),
+                     code      = outfile.getvalue()))
+
+
+class LatexEmbeddedLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes one lexer as argument, the lexer for the language
+    being formatted, and the left and right delimiters for escaped text.
+
+    First everything is scanned using the language lexer to obtain
+    strings and comments. All other consecutive tokens are merged and
+    the resulting text is scanned for escaped segments, which are given
+    the Token.Escape type. Finally text that is not escaped is scanned
+    again with the language lexer.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, left, right, lang, **options):
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+        self.lang = lang
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        # find and remove all the escape tokens (replace with an empty string)
+        # this is very similar to DelegatingLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed.
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        insertion_buf = []
+        for i, t, v in self._find_safe_escape_tokens(text):
+            if t is None:
+                if insertion_buf:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+                    insertion_buf = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                insertion_buf.append((i, t, v))
+        if insertion_buf:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+    def _find_safe_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ find escape tokens that are not in strings or comments """
+        for i, t, v in self._filter_to(
+            self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(text),
+            lambda t: t in Token.Comment or t in Token.String
+        ):
+            if t is None:
+                for i2, t2, v2 in self._find_escape_tokens(v):
+                    yield i + i2, t2, v2
+            else:
+                yield i, None, v
+
+    def _filter_to(self, it, pred):
+        """ Keep only the tokens that match `pred`, merge the others together """
+        buf = ''
+        idx = 0
+        for i, t, v in it:
+            if pred(t):
+                if buf:
+                    yield idx, None, buf
+                    buf = ''
+                yield i, t, v
+            else:
+                if not buf:
+                    idx = i
+                buf += v
+        if buf:
+            yield idx, None, buf
+
+    def _find_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ Find escape tokens within text, give token=None otherwise """
+        index = 0
+        while text:
+            a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+            if a:
+                yield index, None, a
+                index += len(a)
+            if sep1:
+                b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                if sep2:
+                    yield index + len(sep1), Token.Escape, b
+                    index += len(sep1) + len(b) + len(sep2)
+                else:
+                    yield index, Token.Error, sep1
+                    index += len(sep1)
+                    text = b
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de8d9dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.other
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Other formatters: NullFormatter, RawTokenFormatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import colorize
+
+__all__ = ['NullFormatter', 'RawTokenFormatter', 'TestcaseFormatter']
+
+
+class NullFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Output the text unchanged without any formatting.
+    """
+    name = 'Text only'
+    aliases = ['text', 'null']
+    filenames = ['*.txt']
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        enc = self.encoding
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if enc:
+                outfile.write(value.encode(enc))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+
+class RawTokenFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.
+
+    The format is ``tokentype<TAB>repr(tokenstring)\n``. The output can later
+    be converted to a token stream with the `RawTokenLexer`, described in the
+    :doc:`lexer list <lexers>`.
+
+    Only two options are accepted:
+
+    `compress`
+        If set to ``'gz'`` or ``'bz2'``, compress the output with the given
+        compression algorithm after encoding (default: ``''``).
+    `error_color`
+        If set to a color name, highlight error tokens using that color.  If
+        set but with no value, defaults to ``'red'``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    """
+    name = 'Raw tokens'
+    aliases = ['raw', 'tokens']
+    filenames = ['*.raw']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        # We ignore self.encoding if it is set, since it gets set for lexer
+        # and formatter if given with -Oencoding on the command line.
+        # The RawTokenFormatter outputs only ASCII. Override here.
+        self.encoding = 'ascii'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        self.compress = get_choice_opt(options, 'compress',
+                                       ['', 'none', 'gz', 'bz2'], '')
+        self.error_color = options.get('error_color', None)
+        if self.error_color is True:
+            self.error_color = 'red'
+        if self.error_color is not None:
+            try:
+                colorize(self.error_color, '')
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid color {self.error_color!r} specified")
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        try:
+            outfile.write(b'')
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError('The raw tokens formatter needs a binary '
+                            'output file')
+        if self.compress == 'gz':
+            import gzip
+            outfile = gzip.GzipFile('', 'wb', 9, outfile)
+
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.close
+        elif self.compress == 'bz2':
+            import bz2
+            compressor = bz2.BZ2Compressor(9)
+
+            def write(text):
+                outfile.write(compressor.compress(text))
+
+            def flush():
+                outfile.write(compressor.flush())
+                outfile.flush()
+        else:
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.flush
+
+        if self.error_color:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                line = b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value)
+                if ttype is Token.Error:
+                    write(colorize(self.error_color, line))
+                else:
+                    write(line)
+        else:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                write(b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value))
+        flush()
+
+
+TESTCASE_BEFORE = '''\
+    def testNeedsName(lexer):
+        fragment = %r
+        tokens = [
+'''
+TESTCASE_AFTER = '''\
+        ]
+        assert list(lexer.get_tokens(fragment)) == tokens
+'''
+
+
+class TestcaseFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'Testcase'
+    aliases = ['testcase']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        if self.encoding is not None and self.encoding != 'utf-8':
+            raise ValueError("Only None and utf-8 are allowed encodings.")
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        indentation = ' ' * 12
+        rawbuf = []
+        outbuf = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            rawbuf.append(value)
+            outbuf.append(f'{indentation}({ttype}, {value!r}),\n')
+
+        before = TESTCASE_BEFORE % (''.join(rawbuf),)
+        during = ''.join(outbuf)
+        after = TESTCASE_AFTER
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            outfile.write(before + during + after)
+        else:
+            outfile.write(before.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(during.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(after.encode('utf-8'))
+        outfile.flush()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfed53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.pangomarkup
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pango markup output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+
+
+__all__ = ['PangoMarkupFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_special_chars(text, table=_escape_table):
+    """Escape & and < for Pango Markup."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+class PangoMarkupFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+
+    name = 'Pango Markup'
+    aliases = ['pango', 'pangomarkup']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+
+        for token, style in self.style:
+            start = ''
+            end = ''
+            if style['color']:
+                start += '<span fgcolor="#{}">'.format(style['color'])
+                end = '</span>' + end
+            if style['bold']:
+                start += '<b>'
+                end = '</b>' + end
+            if style['italic']:
+                start += '<i>'
+                end = '</i>' + end
+            if style['underline']:
+                start += '<u>'
+                end = '</u>' + end
+            self.styles[token] = (start, end)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        outfile.write('<tt>')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += escape_special_chars(value)
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+                lastval = escape_special_chars(value)
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+
+        outfile.write('</tt>')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eca2a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.rtf
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A formatter that generates RTF files.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import _ansimap
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, surrogatepair
+
+
+__all__ = ['RtfFormatter']
+
+
+class RtfFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF
+    documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and
+    Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.
+
+    Please note that ``encoding`` and ``outencoding`` options are ignored.
+    The RTF format is ASCII natively, but handles unicode characters correctly
+    thanks to escape sequences.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `fontface`
+        The used font family, for example ``Bitstream Vera Sans``. Defaults to
+        some generic font which is supposed to have fixed width.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        Size of the font used. Size is specified in half points. The
+        default is 24 half-points, giving a size 12 font.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    `linenos`
+        Turn on line numbering (default: ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `lineno_fontsize`
+        Font size for line numbers. Size is specified in half points
+        (default: `fontsize`). 
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `lineno_padding`
+        Number of spaces between the (inline) line numbers and the
+        source code (default: ``2``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `lineno_color`
+        Color for line numbers specified as a hex triplet, e.g. ``'5e5e5e'``. 
+        Defaults to the style's line number color if it is a hex triplet, 
+        otherwise ansi bright black.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted, as line numbers separated by
+        spaces, e.g. ``'3 7 8'``. The line numbers are relative to the input 
+        (i.e. the first line is line 1) unless `hl_linenostart` is set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `hl_color`
+        Color for highlighting the lines specified in `hl_lines`, specified as 
+        a hex triplet (default: style's `highlight_color`).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+
+    `hl_linenostart`
+        If set to ``True`` line numbers in `hl_lines` are specified
+        relative to `linenostart` (default ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+    """
+    name = 'RTF'
+    aliases = ['rtf']
+    filenames = ['*.rtf']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        r"""
+        Additional options accepted:
+
+        ``fontface``
+            Name of the font used. Could for example be ``'Courier New'``
+            to further specify the default which is ``'\fmodern'``. The RTF
+            specification claims that ``\fmodern`` are "Fixed-pitch serif
+            and sans serif fonts". Hope every RTF implementation thinks
+            the same about modern...
+
+        """
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.fontface = options.get('fontface') or ''
+        self.fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'fontsize', 0)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self.lineno_fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'lineno_fontsize',
+                                           self.fontsize)
+        self.lineno_padding = get_int_opt(options, 'lineno_padding', 2)
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.hl_linenostart = get_bool_opt(options, 'hl_linenostart', False)
+
+        self.hl_color = options.get('hl_color', '')
+        if not self.hl_color:
+            self.hl_color = self.style.highlight_color
+
+        self.hl_lines = []
+        for lineno in get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', []):
+            try:
+                lineno = int(lineno)
+                if self.hl_linenostart:
+                    lineno = lineno - self.linenostart + 1
+                self.hl_lines.append(lineno)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        self.lineno_color = options.get('lineno_color', '')
+        if not self.lineno_color:
+            if  self.style.line_number_color == 'inherit':
+                # style color is the css value 'inherit'
+                # default to ansi bright-black
+                self.lineno_color = _ansimap['ansibrightblack']
+            else:
+                # style color is assumed to be a hex triplet as other
+                # colors in pygments/style.py
+                self.lineno_color = self.style.line_number_color
+
+        self.color_mapping = self._create_color_mapping()
+
+    def _escape(self, text):
+        return text.replace('\\', '\\\\') \
+                   .replace('{', '\\{') \
+                   .replace('}', '\\}')
+
+    def _escape_text(self, text):
+        # empty strings, should give a small performance improvement
+        if not text:
+            return ''
+
+        # escape text
+        text = self._escape(text)
+
+        buf = []
+        for c in text:
+            cn = ord(c)
+            if cn < (2**7):
+                # ASCII character
+                buf.append(str(c))
+            elif (2**7) <= cn < (2**16):
+                # single unicode escape sequence
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}' % cn)
+            elif (2**16) <= cn:
+                # RTF limits unicode to 16 bits.
+                # Force surrogate pairs
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}{\\u%d}' % surrogatepair(cn))
+
+        return ''.join(buf).replace('\n', '\\par')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def hex_to_rtf_color(hex_color):
+        if hex_color[0] == "#":
+            hex_color = hex_color[1:]
+
+        return '\\red%d\\green%d\\blue%d;' % (
+                        int(hex_color[0:2], 16),
+                        int(hex_color[2:4], 16),
+                        int(hex_color[4:6], 16)
+                    )
+
+    def _split_tokens_on_newlines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Split tokens containing newline characters into multiple token
+        each representing a line of the input file. Needed for numbering
+        lines of e.g. multiline comments.
+        """
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if value == '\n':
+                yield (ttype, value)
+            elif "\n" in value:
+                lines = value.split("\n")
+                for line in lines[:-1]:
+                    yield (ttype, line+"\n")
+                if lines[-1]:
+                    yield (ttype, lines[-1])
+            else:
+                yield (ttype, value)
+
+    def _create_color_mapping(self):
+        """
+        Create a mapping of style hex colors to index/offset in
+        the RTF color table.
+        """
+        color_mapping = OrderedDict()
+        offset = 1
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            color_mapping[self.lineno_color] = offset
+            offset += 1
+
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            color_mapping[self.hl_color] = offset
+            offset += 1
+
+        for _, style in self.style:
+            for color in style['color'], style['bgcolor'], style['border']:
+                if color and color not in color_mapping:
+                    color_mapping[color] = offset
+                    offset += 1
+
+        return color_mapping
+
+    @property
+    def _lineno_template(self):
+        if self.lineno_fontsize != self.fontsize:
+            return '{{\\fs{} \\cf{} %s{}}}'.format(self.lineno_fontsize,
+                          self.color_mapping[self.lineno_color],
+                          " " * self.lineno_padding)
+
+        return '{{\\cf{} %s{}}}'.format(self.color_mapping[self.lineno_color],
+                      " " * self.lineno_padding)
+
+    @property
+    def _hl_open_str(self):
+        return rf'{{\highlight{self.color_mapping[self.hl_color]} '
+
+    @property
+    def _rtf_header(self):
+        lines = []
+        # rtf 1.8 header
+        lines.append('{\\rtf1\\ansi\\uc0\\deff0'
+                     '{\\fonttbl{\\f0\\fmodern\\fprq1\\fcharset0%s;}}'
+                     % (self.fontface and ' '
+                        + self._escape(self.fontface) or ''))
+
+        # color table
+        lines.append('{\\colortbl;')
+        for color, _ in self.color_mapping.items():
+            lines.append(self.hex_to_rtf_color(color))
+        lines.append('}')
+
+        # font and fontsize
+        lines.append('\\f0\\sa0')
+        if self.fontsize:
+            lines.append('\\fs%d' % self.fontsize)
+
+        # ensure Libre Office Writer imports and renders consecutive
+        # space characters the same width, needed for line numbering.
+        # https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=144050
+        lines.append('\\dntblnsbdb')
+
+        return lines
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        for line in self._rtf_header:
+            outfile.write(line + "\n")
+
+        tokensource = self._split_tokens_on_newlines(tokensource)
+
+        # first pass of tokens to count lines, needed for line numbering
+        if self.linenos:
+            line_count = 0
+            tokens = [] # for copying the token source generator
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                tokens.append((ttype, value))
+                if value.endswith("\n"):
+                    line_count += 1
+
+            # width of line number strings (for padding with spaces)
+            linenos_width = len(str(line_count+self.linenostart-1))
+
+            tokensource = tokens
+
+        # highlight stream
+        lineno = 1
+        start_new_line = True
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if start_new_line and lineno in self.hl_lines:
+                outfile.write(self._hl_open_str)
+
+            if start_new_line and self.linenos:
+                if (lineno-self.linenostart+1)%self.linenostep == 0:
+                    current_lineno = lineno + self.linenostart - 1
+                    lineno_str = str(current_lineno).rjust(linenos_width)
+                else:
+                    lineno_str = "".rjust(linenos_width)
+                outfile.write(self._lineno_template % lineno_str)
+
+            while not self.style.styles_token(ttype) and ttype.parent:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.style.style_for_token(ttype)
+            buf = []
+            if style['bgcolor']:
+                buf.append('\\cb%d' % self.color_mapping[style['bgcolor']])
+            if style['color']:
+                buf.append('\\cf%d' % self.color_mapping[style['color']])
+            if style['bold']:
+                buf.append('\\b')
+            if style['italic']:
+                buf.append('\\i')
+            if style['underline']:
+                buf.append('\\ul')
+            if style['border']:
+                buf.append('\\chbrdr\\chcfpat%d' %
+                           self.color_mapping[style['border']])
+            start = ''.join(buf)
+            if start:
+                outfile.write(f'{{{start} ')
+            outfile.write(self._escape_text(value))
+            if start:
+                outfile.write('}')
+            start_new_line = False
+
+            # complete line of input
+            if value.endswith("\n"):
+                # close line highlighting
+                if lineno in self.hl_lines:
+                    outfile.write('}')
+                # newline in RTF file after closing }
+                outfile.write("\n")
+
+                start_new_line = True
+                lineno += 1
+
+        outfile.write('}\n')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3e018f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.svg
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for SVG output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['SvgFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_html(text):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.replace('&', '&amp;').  \
+                replace('<', '&lt;').   \
+                replace('>', '&gt;').   \
+                replace('"', '&quot;'). \
+                replace("'", '&#39;')
+
+
+class2style = {}
+
+class SvgFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental.
+    Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y``
+    coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.
+
+    By default, this formatter outputs a full SVG document including doctype
+    declaration and the ``<svg>`` root element.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        Don't wrap the SVG ``<text>`` elements in ``<svg><g>`` elements and
+        don't add a XML declaration and a doctype.  If true, the `fontfamily`
+        and `fontsize` options are ignored.  Defaults to ``False``.
+
+    `fontfamily`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-family``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"monospace"``.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-size``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"14px"``.
+
+    `linenos`
+        If ``True``, add line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `linenowidth`
+        Maximum width devoted to line numbers (default: ``3*ystep``, sufficient
+        for up to 4-digit line numbers. Increase width for longer code blocks).
+
+    `xoffset`
+        Starting offset in X direction, defaults to ``0``.
+
+    `yoffset`
+        Starting offset in Y direction, defaults to the font size if it is given
+        in pixels, or ``20`` else.  (This is necessary since text coordinates
+        refer to the text baseline, not the top edge.)
+
+    `ystep`
+        Offset to add to the Y coordinate for each subsequent line.  This should
+        roughly be the text size plus 5.  It defaults to that value if the text
+        size is given in pixels, or ``25`` else.
+
+    `spacehack`
+        Convert spaces in the source to ``&#160;``, which are non-breaking
+        spaces.  SVG provides the ``xml:space`` attribute to control how
+        whitespace inside tags is handled, in theory, the ``preserve`` value
+        could be used to keep all whitespace as-is.  However, many current SVG
+        viewers don't obey that rule, so this option is provided as a workaround
+        and defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+    name = 'SVG'
+    aliases = ['svg']
+    filenames = ['*.svg']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.fontfamily = options.get('fontfamily', 'monospace')
+        self.fontsize = options.get('fontsize', '14px')
+        self.xoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'xoffset', 0)
+        fs = self.fontsize.strip()
+        if fs.endswith('px'):
+            fs = fs[:-2].strip()
+        try:
+            int_fs = int(fs)
+        except ValueError:
+            int_fs = 20
+        self.yoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'yoffset', int_fs)
+        self.ystep = get_int_opt(options, 'ystep', int_fs + 5)
+        self.spacehack = get_bool_opt(options, 'spacehack', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options,'linenos',False)
+        self.linenostart = get_int_opt(options,'linenostart',1)
+        self.linenostep = get_int_opt(options,'linenostep',1)
+        self.linenowidth = get_int_opt(options,'linenowidth', 3*self.ystep)
+        self._stylecache = {}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        For our implementation we put all lines in their own 'line group'.
+        """
+        x = self.xoffset
+        y = self.yoffset
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.encoding:
+                outfile.write(f'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="{self.encoding}"?>\n')
+            else:
+                outfile.write('<?xml version="1.0"?>\n')
+            outfile.write('<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" '
+                          '"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/'
+                          'svg10.dtd">\n')
+            outfile.write('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n')
+            outfile.write(f'<g font-family="{self.fontfamily}" font-size="{self.fontsize}">\n')
+
+        counter = self.linenostart
+        counter_step = self.linenostep
+        counter_style = self._get_style(Comment)
+        line_x = x
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            if counter % counter_step == 0:
+                outfile.write(f'<text x="{x+self.linenowidth}" y="{y}" {counter_style} text-anchor="end">{counter}</text>')
+            line_x += self.linenowidth + self.ystep
+            counter += 1
+
+        outfile.write(f'<text x="{line_x}" y="{y}" xml:space="preserve">')
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            style = self._get_style(ttype)
+            tspan = style and '<tspan' + style + '>' or ''
+            tspanend = tspan and '</tspan>' or ''
+            value = escape_html(value)
+            if self.spacehack:
+                value = value.expandtabs().replace(' ', '&#160;')
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                outfile.write(tspan + part + tspanend)
+                y += self.ystep
+                outfile.write('</text>\n')
+                if self.linenos and counter % counter_step == 0:
+                    outfile.write(f'<text x="{x+self.linenowidth}" y="{y}" text-anchor="end" {counter_style}>{counter}</text>')
+
+                counter += 1
+                outfile.write(f'<text x="{line_x}" y="{y}" ' 'xml:space="preserve">')
+            outfile.write(tspan + parts[-1] + tspanend)
+        outfile.write('</text>')
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('</g></svg>\n')
+
+    def _get_style(self, tokentype):
+        if tokentype in self._stylecache:
+            return self._stylecache[tokentype]
+        otokentype = tokentype
+        while not self.style.styles_token(tokentype):
+            tokentype = tokentype.parent
+        value = self.style.style_for_token(tokentype)
+        result = ''
+        if value['color']:
+            result = ' fill="#' + value['color'] + '"'
+        if value['bold']:
+            result += ' font-weight="bold"'
+        if value['italic']:
+            result += ' font-style="italic"'
+        self._stylecache[otokentype] = result
+        return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b902d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import ansiformat
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['TerminalFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+TERMINAL_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightmagenta'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Prompt:     ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+class TerminalFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console.
+    Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output
+    works correctly.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal'
+    aliases = ['terminal', 'console']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or TERMINAL_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def _get_color(self, ttype):
+        # self.colorscheme is a dict containing usually generic types, so we
+        # have to walk the tree of dots.  The base Token type must be a key,
+        # even if it's empty string, as in the default above.
+        colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        while colors is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        return colors[self.darkbg]
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self._get_color(ttype)
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if color:
+                    outfile.write(ansiformat(color, line.rstrip('\n')))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f25405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal256
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for 256-color terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    RGB-to-XTERM color conversion routines adapted from xterm256-conv
+    tool (http://frexx.de/xterm-256-notes/data/xterm256-conv2.tar.bz2)
+    by Wolfgang Frisch.
+
+    Formatter version 1.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+# TODO:
+#  - Options to map style's bold/underline/italic/border attributes
+#    to some ANSI attrbutes (something like 'italic=underline')
+#  - An option to output "style RGB to xterm RGB/index" conversion table
+#  - An option to indicate that we are running in "reverse background"
+#    xterm. This means that default colors are white-on-black, not
+#    black-on-while, so colors like "white background" need to be converted
+#    to "white background, black foreground", etc...
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import codes
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import ansicolors
+
+
+__all__ = ['Terminal256Formatter', 'TerminalTrueColorFormatter']
+
+
+class EscapeSequence:
+    def __init__(self, fg=None, bg=None, bold=False, underline=False, italic=False):
+        self.fg = fg
+        self.bg = bg
+        self.bold = bold
+        self.underline = underline
+        self.italic = italic
+
+    def escape(self, attrs):
+        if len(attrs):
+            return "\x1b[" + ";".join(attrs) + "m"
+        return ""
+
+    def color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            if self.fg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.fg.replace('ansi','')]
+                if ';01m' in esc:
+                    self.bold = True
+                # extract fg color code.
+                attrs.append(esc[2:4])
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("38", "5", "%i" % self.fg))
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            if self.bg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.bg.replace('ansi','')]
+                # extract fg color code, add 10 for bg.
+                attrs.append(str(int(esc[2:4])+10))
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("48", "5", "%i" % self.bg))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def true_color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg:
+            attrs.extend(("38", "2", str(self.fg[0]), str(self.fg[1]), str(self.fg[2])))
+        if self.bg:
+            attrs.extend(("48", "2", str(self.bg[0]), str(self.bg[1]), str(self.bg[2])))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def reset_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            attrs.append("39")
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            attrs.append("49")
+        if self.bold or self.underline or self.italic:
+            attrs.append("00")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+
+class Terminal256Formatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    The formatter takes colors from a style defined by the `style` option
+    and converts them to nearest ANSI 256-color escape sequences. Bold and
+    underline attributes from the style are preserved (and displayed).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+       If the used style defines foreground colors in the form ``#ansi*``, then
+       `Terminal256Formatter` will map these to non extended foreground color.
+       See :ref:`AnsiTerminalStyle` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+       The ANSI color names have been updated with names that are easier to
+       understand and align with colornames of other projects and terminals.
+       See :ref:`this table <new-ansi-color-names>` for more information.
+
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal256'
+    aliases = ['terminal256', 'console256', '256']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.xterm_colors = []
+        self.best_match = {}
+        self.style_string = {}
+
+        self.usebold = 'nobold' not in options
+        self.useunderline = 'nounderline' not in options
+        self.useitalic = 'noitalic' not in options
+
+        self._build_color_table()  # build an RGB-to-256 color conversion table
+        self._setup_styles()  # convert selected style's colors to term. colors
+
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        # colors 0..15: 16 basic colors
+
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0x00))  # 0
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0x00))  # 1
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 2
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 3
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0xee))  # 4
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0xcd))  # 5
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0xcd))  # 6
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xe5, 0xe5, 0xe5))  # 7
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f))  # 8
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0x00))  # 9
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0x00))  # 10
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0x00))  # 11
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x5c, 0x5c, 0xff))  # 12
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0xff))  # 13
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0xff))  # 14
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0xff))  # 15
+
+        # colors 16..232: the 6x6x6 color cube
+
+        valuerange = (0x00, 0x5f, 0x87, 0xaf, 0xd7, 0xff)
+
+        for i in range(217):
+            r = valuerange[(i // 36) % 6]
+            g = valuerange[(i // 6) % 6]
+            b = valuerange[i % 6]
+            self.xterm_colors.append((r, g, b))
+
+        # colors 233..253: grayscale
+
+        for i in range(1, 22):
+            v = 8 + i * 10
+            self.xterm_colors.append((v, v, v))
+
+    def _closest_color(self, r, g, b):
+        distance = 257*257*3  # "infinity" (>distance from #000000 to #ffffff)
+        match = 0
+
+        for i in range(0, 254):
+            values = self.xterm_colors[i]
+
+            rd = r - values[0]
+            gd = g - values[1]
+            bd = b - values[2]
+            d = rd*rd + gd*gd + bd*bd
+
+            if d < distance:
+                match = i
+                distance = d
+        return match
+
+    def _color_index(self, color):
+        index = self.best_match.get(color, None)
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            # strip the `ansi/#ansi` part and look up code
+            index = color
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        if index is None:
+            try:
+                rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+            except ValueError:
+                rgb = 0
+
+            r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+            g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+            b = rgb & 0xff
+            index = self._closest_color(r, g, b)
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        return index
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            # get foreground from ansicolor if set
+            if ndef['ansicolor']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['ansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgansicolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            not_found = True
+            while ttype and not_found:
+                try:
+                    # outfile.write( "<" + str(ttype) + ">" )
+                    on, off = self.style_string[str(ttype)]
+
+                    # Like TerminalFormatter, add "reset colors" escape sequence
+                    # on newline.
+                    spl = value.split('\n')
+                    for line in spl[:-1]:
+                        if line:
+                            outfile.write(on + line + off)
+                        if self.linenos:
+                            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        else:
+                            outfile.write('\n')
+
+                    if spl[-1]:
+                        outfile.write(on + spl[-1] + off)
+
+                    not_found = False
+                    # outfile.write( '#' + str(ttype) + '#' )
+
+                except KeyError:
+                    # ottype = ttype
+                    ttype = ttype.parent
+                    # outfile.write( '!' + str(ottype) + '->' + str(ttype) + '!' )
+
+            if not_found:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
+
+
+
+class TerminalTrueColorFormatter(Terminal256Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+    """
+    name = 'TerminalTrueColor'
+    aliases = ['terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _color_tuple(self, color):
+        try:
+            rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+        g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+        b = rgb & 0xff
+        return (r, g, b)
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            if ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_tuple(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_tuple(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.true_color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1348be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexer
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base lexer classes.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import apply_filters, Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_filter_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Error, Text, Other, Whitespace, _TokenType
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    make_analysator, Future, guess_decode
+from pip._vendor.pygments.regexopt import regex_opt
+
+__all__ = ['Lexer', 'RegexLexer', 'ExtendedRegexLexer', 'DelegatingLexer',
+           'LexerContext', 'include', 'inherit', 'bygroups', 'using', 'this',
+           'default', 'words', 'line_re']
+
+line_re = re.compile('.*?\n')
+
+_encoding_map = [(b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe\0\0', 'utf-32'),
+                 (b'\0\0\xfe\xff', 'utf-32be'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16'),
+                 (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16be')]
+
+_default_analyse = staticmethod(lambda x: 0.0)
+
+
+class LexerMeta(type):
+    """
+    This metaclass automagically converts ``analyse_text`` methods into
+    static methods which always return float values.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, d):
+        if 'analyse_text' in d:
+            d['analyse_text'] = make_analysator(d['analyse_text'])
+        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, d)
+
+
+class Lexer(metaclass=LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Lexer for a specific language.
+
+    See also :doc:`lexerdevelopment`, a high-level guide to writing
+    lexers.
+
+    Lexer classes have attributes used for choosing the most appropriate
+    lexer based on various criteria.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: alias_filenames
+    .. autoattribute:: mimetypes
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: priority
+
+    Lexers included in Pygments should have two additional attributes:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: url
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: version_added
+       :no-value:
+
+    Lexers included in Pygments may have additional attributes:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: _example
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options to the constructor. The basic options recognized
+    by all lexers and processed by the base `Lexer` class are:
+
+    ``stripnl``
+        Strip leading and trailing newlines from the input (default: True).
+    ``stripall``
+        Strip all leading and trailing whitespace from the input
+        (default: False).
+    ``ensurenl``
+        Make sure that the input ends with a newline (default: True).  This
+        is required for some lexers that consume input linewise.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.3
+
+    ``tabsize``
+        If given and greater than 0, expand tabs in the input (default: 0).
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This encoding will be used to
+        convert the input string to Unicode, if it is not already a Unicode
+        string (default: ``'guess'``, which uses a simple UTF-8 / Locale /
+        Latin1 detection.  Can also be ``'chardet'`` to use the chardet
+        library, if it is installed.
+    ``inencoding``
+        Overrides the ``encoding`` if given.
+    """
+
+    #: Full name of the lexer, in human-readable form
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to look
+    #: up the lexer from a list, e.g., using `get_lexer_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which contain
+    #: content for this lexer. The patterns in this list should be unique among
+    #: all lexers.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which may or may not
+    #: contain content for this lexer. This list is used by the
+    #: :func:`.guess_lexer_for_filename()` function, to determine which lexers
+    #: are then included in guessing the correct one. That means that
+    #: e.g. every lexer for HTML and a template language should include
+    #: ``\*.html`` in this list.
+    alias_filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of MIME types for content that can be lexed with this lexer.
+    mimetypes = []
+
+    #: Priority, should multiple lexers match and no content is provided
+    priority = 0
+
+    #: URL of the language specification/definition. Used in the Pygments
+    #: documentation. Set to an empty string to disable.
+    url = None
+
+    #: Version of Pygments in which the lexer was added.
+    version_added = None
+
+    #: Example file name. Relative to the ``tests/examplefiles`` directory.
+    #: This is used by the documentation generator to show an example.
+    _example = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        This constructor takes arbitrary options as keyword arguments.
+        Every subclass must first process its own options and then call
+        the `Lexer` constructor, since it processes the basic
+        options like `stripnl`.
+
+        An example looks like this:
+
+        .. sourcecode:: python
+
+           def __init__(self, **options):
+               self.compress = options.get('compress', '')
+               Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        As these options must all be specifiable as strings (due to the
+        command line usage), there are various utility functions
+        available to help with that, see `Utilities`_.
+        """
+        self.options = options
+        self.stripnl = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripnl', True)
+        self.stripall = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripall', False)
+        self.ensurenl = get_bool_opt(options, 'ensurenl', True)
+        self.tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 0)
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'guess')
+        self.encoding = options.get('inencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.filters = []
+        for filter_ in get_list_opt(options, 'filters', ()):
+            self.add_filter(filter_)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.options:
+            return f'<pygments.lexers.{self.__class__.__name__} with {self.options!r}>'
+        else:
+            return f'<pygments.lexers.{self.__class__.__name__}>'
+
+    def add_filter(self, filter_, **options):
+        """
+        Add a new stream filter to this lexer.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(filter_, Filter):
+            filter_ = get_filter_by_name(filter_, **options)
+        self.filters.append(filter_)
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        """
+        A static method which is called for lexer guessing.
+
+        It should analyse the text and return a float in the range
+        from ``0.0`` to ``1.0``.  If it returns ``0.0``, the lexer
+        will not be selected as the most probable one, if it returns
+        ``1.0``, it will be selected immediately.  This is used by
+        `guess_lexer`.
+
+        The `LexerMeta` metaclass automatically wraps this function so
+        that it works like a static method (no ``self`` or ``cls``
+        parameter) and the return value is automatically converted to
+        `float`. If the return value is an object that is boolean `False`
+        it's the same as if the return values was ``0.0``.
+        """
+
+    def _preprocess_lexer_input(self, text):
+        """Apply preprocessing such as decoding the input, removing BOM and normalizing newlines."""
+
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            if self.encoding == 'guess':
+                text, _ = guess_decode(text)
+            elif self.encoding == 'chardet':
+                try:
+                    # pip vendoring note: this code is not reachable by pip,
+                    # removed import of chardet to make it clear.
+                    raise ImportError('chardet is not vendored by pip')
+                except ImportError as e:
+                    raise ImportError('To enable chardet encoding guessing, '
+                                      'please install the chardet library '
+                                      'from http://chardet.feedparser.org/') from e
+                # check for BOM first
+                decoded = None
+                for bom, encoding in _encoding_map:
+                    if text.startswith(bom):
+                        decoded = text[len(bom):].decode(encoding, 'replace')
+                        break
+                # no BOM found, so use chardet
+                if decoded is None:
+                    enc = chardet.detect(text[:1024])  # Guess using first 1KB
+                    decoded = text.decode(enc.get('encoding') or 'utf-8',
+                                          'replace')
+                text = decoded
+            else:
+                text = text.decode(self.encoding)
+                if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                    text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+        else:
+            if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+
+        # text now *is* a unicode string
+        text = text.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        text = text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        if self.stripall:
+            text = text.strip()
+        elif self.stripnl:
+            text = text.strip('\n')
+        if self.tabsize > 0:
+            text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize)
+        if self.ensurenl and not text.endswith('\n'):
+            text += '\n'
+
+        return text
+
+    def get_tokens(self, text, unfiltered=False):
+        """
+        This method is the basic interface of a lexer. It is called by
+        the `highlight()` function. It must process the text and return an
+        iterable of ``(tokentype, value)`` pairs from `text`.
+
+        Normally, you don't need to override this method. The default
+        implementation processes the options recognized by all lexers
+        (`stripnl`, `stripall` and so on), and then yields all tokens
+        from `get_tokens_unprocessed()`, with the ``index`` dropped.
+
+        If `unfiltered` is set to `True`, the filtering mechanism is
+        bypassed even if filters are defined.
+        """
+        text = self._preprocess_lexer_input(text)
+
+        def streamer():
+            for _, t, v in self.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+                yield t, v
+        stream = streamer()
+        if not unfiltered:
+            stream = apply_filters(stream, self.filters, self)
+        return stream
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        """
+        This method should process the text and return an iterable of
+        ``(index, tokentype, value)`` tuples where ``index`` is the starting
+        position of the token within the input text.
+
+        It must be overridden by subclasses. It is recommended to
+        implement it as a generator to maximize effectiveness.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class DelegatingLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes two lexer as arguments. A root lexer and
+    a language lexer. First everything is scanned using the language
+    lexer, afterwards all ``Other`` tokens are lexed using the root
+    lexer.
+
+    The lexers from the ``template`` lexer package use this base lexer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, _root_lexer, _language_lexer, _needle=Other, **options):
+        self.root_lexer = _root_lexer(**options)
+        self.language_lexer = _language_lexer(**options)
+        self.needle = _needle
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        lng_buffer = []
+        for i, t, v in self.language_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+            if t is self.needle:
+                if lng_buffer:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+                    lng_buffer = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                lng_buffer.append((i, t, v))
+        if lng_buffer:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.root_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# RegexLexer and ExtendedRegexLexer
+#
+
+
+class include(str):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates that a state should include rules from another state.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _inherit:
+    """
+    Indicates the a state should inherit from its superclass.
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'inherit'
+
+inherit = _inherit()  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
+
+class combined(tuple):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates a state combined from multiple states.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        return tuple.__new__(cls, args)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # tuple.__init__ doesn't do anything
+        pass
+
+
+class _PseudoMatch:
+    """
+    A pseudo match object constructed from a string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, start, text):
+        self._text = text
+        self._start = start
+
+    def start(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start
+
+    def end(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start + len(self._text)
+
+    def group(self, arg=None):
+        if arg:
+            raise IndexError('No such group')
+        return self._text
+
+    def groups(self):
+        return (self._text,)
+
+    def groupdict(self):
+        return {}
+
+
+def bygroups(*args):
+    """
+    Callback that yields multiple actions for each group in the match.
+    """
+    def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+        for i, action in enumerate(args):
+            if action is None:
+                continue
+            elif type(action) is _TokenType:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data:
+                    yield match.start(i + 1), action, data
+            else:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data is not None:
+                    if ctx:
+                        ctx.pos = match.start(i + 1)
+                    for item in action(lexer,
+                                       _PseudoMatch(match.start(i + 1), data), ctx):
+                        if item:
+                            yield item
+        if ctx:
+            ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class _This:
+    """
+    Special singleton used for indicating the caller class.
+    Used by ``using``.
+    """
+
+this = _This()
+
+
+def using(_other, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Callback that processes the match with a different lexer.
+
+    The keyword arguments are forwarded to the lexer, except `state` which
+    is handled separately.
+
+    `state` specifies the state that the new lexer will start in, and can
+    be an enumerable such as ('root', 'inline', 'string') or a simple
+    string which is assumed to be on top of the root state.
+
+    Note: For that to work, `_other` must not be an `ExtendedRegexLexer`.
+    """
+    gt_kwargs = {}
+    if 'state' in kwargs:
+        s = kwargs.pop('state')
+        if isinstance(s, (list, tuple)):
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = s
+        else:
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = ('root', s)
+
+    if _other is this:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # if keyword arguments are given the callback
+            # function has to create a new lexer instance
+            if kwargs:
+                # XXX: cache that somehow
+                kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+                lx = lexer.__class__(**kwargs)
+            else:
+                lx = lexer
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    else:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # XXX: cache that somehow
+            kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+            lx = _other(**kwargs)
+
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class default:
+    """
+    Indicates a state or state action (e.g. #pop) to apply.
+    For example default('#pop') is equivalent to ('', Token, '#pop')
+    Note that state tuples may be used as well.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, state):
+        self.state = state
+
+
+class words(Future):
+    """
+    Indicates a list of literal words that is transformed into an optimized
+    regex that matches any of the words.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, words, prefix='', suffix=''):
+        self.words = words
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+
+    def get(self):
+        return regex_opt(self.words, prefix=self.prefix, suffix=self.suffix)
+
+
+class RegexLexerMeta(LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Metaclass for RegexLexer, creates the self._tokens attribute from
+    self.tokens on the first instantiation.
+    """
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        """Preprocess the regular expression component of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(regex, Future):
+            regex = regex.get()
+        return re.compile(regex, rflags).match
+
+    def _process_token(cls, token):
+        """Preprocess the token component of a token definition."""
+        assert type(token) is _TokenType or callable(token), \
+            f'token type must be simple type or callable, not {token!r}'
+        return token
+
+    def _process_new_state(cls, new_state, unprocessed, processed):
+        """Preprocess the state transition action of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(new_state, str):
+            # an existing state
+            if new_state == '#pop':
+                return -1
+            elif new_state in unprocessed:
+                return (new_state,)
+            elif new_state == '#push':
+                return new_state
+            elif new_state[:5] == '#pop:':
+                return -int(new_state[5:])
+            else:
+                assert False, f'unknown new state {new_state!r}'
+        elif isinstance(new_state, combined):
+            # combine a new state from existing ones
+            tmp_state = '_tmp_%d' % cls._tmpname
+            cls._tmpname += 1
+            itokens = []
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert istate != new_state, f'circular state ref {istate!r}'
+                itokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed,
+                                                  processed, istate))
+            processed[tmp_state] = itokens
+            return (tmp_state,)
+        elif isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+            # push more than one state
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert (istate in unprocessed or
+                        istate in ('#pop', '#push')), \
+                    'unknown new state ' + istate
+            return new_state
+        else:
+            assert False, f'unknown new state def {new_state!r}'
+
+    def _process_state(cls, unprocessed, processed, state):
+        """Preprocess a single state definition."""
+        assert isinstance(state, str), f"wrong state name {state!r}"
+        assert state[0] != '#', f"invalid state name {state!r}"
+        if state in processed:
+            return processed[state]
+        tokens = processed[state] = []
+        rflags = cls.flags
+        for tdef in unprocessed[state]:
+            if isinstance(tdef, include):
+                # it's a state reference
+                assert tdef != state, f"circular state reference {state!r}"
+                tokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed, processed,
+                                                 str(tdef)))
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, _inherit):
+                # should be processed already, but may not in the case of:
+                # 1. the state has no counterpart in any parent
+                # 2. the state includes more than one 'inherit'
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, default):
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef.state, unprocessed, processed)
+                tokens.append((re.compile('').match, None, new_state))
+                continue
+
+            assert type(tdef) is tuple, f"wrong rule def {tdef!r}"
+
+            try:
+                rex = cls._process_regex(tdef[0], rflags, state)
+            except Exception as err:
+                raise ValueError(f"uncompilable regex {tdef[0]!r} in state {state!r} of {cls!r}: {err}") from err
+
+            token = cls._process_token(tdef[1])
+
+            if len(tdef) == 2:
+                new_state = None
+            else:
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef[2],
+                                                   unprocessed, processed)
+
+            tokens.append((rex, token, new_state))
+        return tokens
+
+    def process_tokendef(cls, name, tokendefs=None):
+        """Preprocess a dictionary of token definitions."""
+        processed = cls._all_tokens[name] = {}
+        tokendefs = tokendefs or cls.tokens[name]
+        for state in list(tokendefs):
+            cls._process_state(tokendefs, processed, state)
+        return processed
+
+    def get_tokendefs(cls):
+        """
+        Merge tokens from superclasses in MRO order, returning a single tokendef
+        dictionary.
+
+        Any state that is not defined by a subclass will be inherited
+        automatically.  States that *are* defined by subclasses will, by
+        default, override that state in the superclass.  If a subclass wishes to
+        inherit definitions from a superclass, it can use the special value
+        "inherit", which will cause the superclass' state definition to be
+        included at that point in the state.
+        """
+        tokens = {}
+        inheritable = {}
+        for c in cls.__mro__:
+            toks = c.__dict__.get('tokens', {})
+
+            for state, items in toks.items():
+                curitems = tokens.get(state)
+                if curitems is None:
+                    # N.b. because this is assigned by reference, sufficiently
+                    # deep hierarchies are processed incrementally (e.g. for
+                    # A(B), B(C), C(RegexLexer), B will be premodified so X(B)
+                    # will not see any inherits in B).
+                    tokens[state] = items
+                    try:
+                        inherit_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        continue
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx
+                    continue
+
+                inherit_ndx = inheritable.pop(state, None)
+                if inherit_ndx is None:
+                    continue
+
+                # Replace the "inherit" value with the items
+                curitems[inherit_ndx:inherit_ndx+1] = items
+                try:
+                    # N.b. this is the index in items (that is, the superclass
+                    # copy), so offset required when storing below.
+                    new_inh_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx + new_inh_ndx
+
+        return tokens
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+        """Instantiate cls after preprocessing its token definitions."""
+        if '_tokens' not in cls.__dict__:
+            cls._all_tokens = {}
+            cls._tmpname = 0
+            if hasattr(cls, 'token_variants') and cls.token_variants:
+                # don't process yet
+                pass
+            else:
+                cls._tokens = cls.process_tokendef('', cls.get_tokendefs())
+
+        return type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+
+
+class RegexLexer(Lexer, metaclass=RegexLexerMeta):
+    """
+    Base for simple stateful regular expression-based lexers.
+    Simplifies the lexing process so that you need only
+    provide a list of states and regular expressions.
+    """
+
+    #: Flags for compiling the regular expressions.
+    #: Defaults to MULTILINE.
+    flags = re.MULTILINE
+
+    #: At all time there is a stack of states. Initially, the stack contains
+    #: a single state 'root'. The top of the stack is called "the current state".
+    #:
+    #: Dict of ``{'state': [(regex, tokentype, new_state), ...], ...}``
+    #:
+    #: ``new_state`` can be omitted to signify no state transition.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a string, it is pushed on the stack. This ensure
+    #: the new current state is ``new_state``.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a tuple of strings, all of those strings are pushed
+    #: on the stack and the current state will be the last element of the list.
+    #: ``new_state`` can also be ``combined('state1', 'state2', ...)``
+    #: to signify a new, anonymous state combined from the rules of two
+    #: or more existing ones.
+    #: Furthermore, it can be '#pop' to signify going back one step in
+    #: the state stack, or '#push' to push the current state on the stack
+    #: again. Note that if you push while in a combined state, the combined
+    #: state itself is pushed, and not only the state in which the rule is
+    #: defined.
+    #:
+    #: The tuple can also be replaced with ``include('state')``, in which
+    #: case the rules from the state named by the string are included in the
+    #: current one.
+    tokens = {}
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+
+        ``stack`` is the initial stack (default: ``['root']``)
+        """
+        pos = 0
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        statestack = list(stack)
+        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, pos)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield pos, action, m.group()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m)
+                    pos = m.end()
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(statestack) > 1:
+                                        statestack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    statestack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # pop, but keep at least one state on the stack
+                            # (random code leading to unexpected pops should
+                            # not allow exceptions)
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(statestack):
+                                del statestack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del statestack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, f"wrong state def: {new_state!r}"
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                # We are here only if all state tokens have been considered
+                # and there was not a match on any of them.
+                try:
+                    if text[pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        statestack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield pos, Whitespace, '\n'
+                        pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield pos, Error, text[pos]
+                    pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+class LexerContext:
+    """
+    A helper object that holds lexer position data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, pos, stack=None, end=None):
+        self.text = text
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.end = end or len(text)  # end=0 not supported ;-)
+        self.stack = stack or ['root']
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'LexerContext({self.text!r}, {self.pos!r}, {self.stack!r})'
+
+
+class ExtendedRegexLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    A RegexLexer that uses a context object to store its state.
+    """
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text=None, context=None):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+        If ``context`` is given, use this lexer context instead.
+        """
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        if not context:
+            ctx = LexerContext(text, 0)
+            statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+        else:
+            ctx = context
+            statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+            text = ctx.text
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, ctx.pos, ctx.end)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield ctx.pos, action, m.group()
+                            ctx.pos = m.end()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m, ctx)
+                            if not new_state:
+                                # altered the state stack?
+                                statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    # CAUTION: callback must set ctx.pos!
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(ctx.stack) > 1:
+                                        ctx.stack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    ctx.stack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # see RegexLexer for why this check is made
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(ctx.stack):
+                                del ctx.stack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del ctx.stack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, f"wrong state def: {new_state!r}"
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                try:
+                    if ctx.pos >= ctx.end:
+                        break
+                    if text[ctx.pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        ctx.stack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield ctx.pos, Text, '\n'
+                        ctx.pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield ctx.pos, Error, text[ctx.pos]
+                    ctx.pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+def do_insertions(insertions, tokens):
+    """
+    Helper for lexers which must combine the results of several
+    sublexers.
+
+    ``insertions`` is a list of ``(index, itokens)`` pairs.
+    Each ``itokens`` iterable should be inserted at position
+    ``index`` into the token stream given by the ``tokens``
+    argument.
+
+    The result is a combined token stream.
+
+    TODO: clean up the code here.
+    """
+    insertions = iter(insertions)
+    try:
+        index, itokens = next(insertions)
+    except StopIteration:
+        # no insertions
+        yield from tokens
+        return
+
+    realpos = None
+    insleft = True
+
+    # iterate over the token stream where we want to insert
+    # the tokens from the insertion list.
+    for i, t, v in tokens:
+        # first iteration. store the position of first item
+        if realpos is None:
+            realpos = i
+        oldi = 0
+        while insleft and i + len(v) >= index:
+            tmpval = v[oldi:index - i]
+            if tmpval:
+                yield realpos, t, tmpval
+                realpos += len(tmpval)
+            for it_index, it_token, it_value in itokens:
+                yield realpos, it_token, it_value
+                realpos += len(it_value)
+            oldi = index - i
+            try:
+                index, itokens = next(insertions)
+            except StopIteration:
+                insleft = False
+                break  # not strictly necessary
+        if oldi < len(v):
+            yield realpos, t, v[oldi:]
+            realpos += len(v) - oldi
+
+    # leftover tokens
+    while insleft:
+        # no normal tokens, set realpos to zero
+        realpos = realpos or 0
+        for p, t, v in itokens:
+            yield realpos, t, v
+            realpos += len(v)
+        try:
+            index, itokens = next(insertions)
+        except StopIteration:
+            insleft = False
+            break  # not strictly necessary
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexerMeta(RegexLexerMeta):
+    """Metaclass for ProfilingRegexLexer, collects regex timing info."""
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        if isinstance(regex, words):
+            rex = regex_opt(regex.words, prefix=regex.prefix,
+                            suffix=regex.suffix)
+        else:
+            rex = regex
+        compiled = re.compile(rex, rflags)
+
+        def match_func(text, pos, endpos=sys.maxsize):
+            info = cls._prof_data[-1].setdefault((state, rex), [0, 0.0])
+            t0 = time.time()
+            res = compiled.match(text, pos, endpos)
+            t1 = time.time()
+            info[0] += 1
+            info[1] += t1 - t0
+            return res
+        return match_func
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexer(RegexLexer, metaclass=ProfilingRegexLexerMeta):
+    """Drop-in replacement for RegexLexer that does profiling of its regexes."""
+
+    _prof_data = []
+    _prof_sort_index = 4  # defaults to time per call
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        # this needs to be a stack, since using(this) will produce nested calls
+        self.__class__._prof_data.append({})
+        yield from RegexLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack)
+        rawdata = self.__class__._prof_data.pop()
+        data = sorted(((s, repr(r).strip('u\'').replace('\\\\', '\\')[:65],
+                        n, 1000 * t, 1000 * t / n)
+                       for ((s, r), (n, t)) in rawdata.items()),
+                      key=lambda x: x[self._prof_sort_index],
+                      reverse=True)
+        sum_total = sum(x[3] for x in data)
+
+        print()
+        print('Profiling result for %s lexing %d chars in %.3f ms' %
+              (self.__class__.__name__, len(text), sum_total))
+        print('=' * 110)
+        print('%-20s %-64s ncalls  tottime  percall' % ('state', 'regex'))
+        print('-' * 110)
+        for d in data:
+            print('%-20s %-65s %5d %8.4f %8.4f' % d)
+        print('=' * 110)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac88645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments lexers.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.modeline import get_filetype_from_buffer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_lexers
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, guess_decode
+
+COMPAT = {
+    'Python3Lexer': 'PythonLexer',
+    'Python3TracebackLexer': 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+    'LeanLexer': 'Lean3Lexer',
+}
+
+__all__ = ['get_lexer_by_name', 'get_lexer_for_filename', 'find_lexer_class',
+           'guess_lexer', 'load_lexer_from_file'] + list(LEXERS) + list(COMPAT)
+
+_lexer_cache = {}
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_lexers(module_name):
+    """Load a lexer (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for lexer_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, lexer_name)
+        _lexer_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_lexers(plugins=True):
+    """Return a generator of tuples in the form ``(name, aliases,
+    filenames, mimetypes)`` of all know lexers.
+
+    If *plugins* is true (the default), plugin lexers supplied by entrypoints
+    are also returned.  Otherwise, only builtin ones are considered.
+    """
+    for item in LEXERS.values():
+        yield item[1:]
+    if plugins:
+        for lexer in find_plugin_lexers():
+            yield lexer.name, lexer.aliases, lexer.filenames, lexer.mimetypes
+
+
+def find_lexer_class(name):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that with the *name* attribute as given by
+    the *name* argument.
+    """
+    if name in _lexer_cache:
+        return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, lname, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if name == lname:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if cls.name == name:
+            return cls
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_by_name(_alias):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its aliases list, without
+    instantiating it.
+
+    Like `get_lexer_by_name`, but does not instantiate the class.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for alias {_alias!r} found')
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+    raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for alias {_alias!r} found')
+
+
+def get_lexer_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for alias {_alias!r} found')
+
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for alias {_alias!r} found')
+
+
+def load_lexer_from_file(filename, lexername="CustomLexer", **options):
+    """Load a lexer from a file.
+
+    This method expects a file located relative to the current working
+    directory, which contains a Lexer class. By default, it expects the
+    Lexer to be name CustomLexer; you can specify your own class name
+    as the second argument to this function.
+
+    Users should be very careful with the input, because this method
+    is equivalent to running eval on the input file.
+
+    Raises ClassNotFound if there are any problems importing the Lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `lexername` from that namespace
+        if lexername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound(f'no valid {lexername} class found in {filename}')
+        lexer_class = custom_namespace[lexername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return lexer_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'cannot read {filename}: {err}')
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'error when loading custom lexer: {err}')
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code=None):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use ``analyse_text()`` to
+    figure out which one is more appropriate.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    matches = []
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                    _load_lexers(modname)
+                matches.append((_lexer_cache[name], filename))
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matches.append((cls, filename))
+
+    if isinstance(code, bytes):
+        # decode it, since all analyse_text functions expect unicode
+        code = guess_decode(code)
+
+    def get_rating(info):
+        cls, filename = info
+        # explicit patterns get a bonus
+        bonus = '*' not in filename and 0.5 or 0
+        # The class _always_ defines analyse_text because it's included in
+        # the Lexer class.  The default implementation returns None which
+        # gets turned into 0.0.  Run scripts/detect_missing_analyse_text.py
+        # to find lexers which need it overridden.
+        if code:
+            return cls.analyse_text(code) + bonus, cls.__name__
+        return cls.priority + bonus, cls.__name__
+
+    if matches:
+        matches.sort(key=get_rating)
+        # print "Possible lexers, after sort:", matches
+        return matches[-1][0]
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_filename(_fn, code=None, **options):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer for that filename
+    is found.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use their ``analyse_text()``
+    methods to figure out which one is more appropriate.
+    """
+    res = find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code)
+    if not res:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for filename {_fn!r} found')
+    return res(**options)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_mimetype(_mime, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has `mime` in its mimetype
+    list. The lexer is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if not lexer for that mimetype
+    is found.
+    """
+    for modname, name, _, _, mimetypes in LEXERS.values():
+        if _mime in mimetypes:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(modname)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _mime in cls.mimetypes:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for mimetype {_mime!r} found')
+
+
+def _iter_lexerclasses(plugins=True):
+    """Return an iterator over all lexer classes."""
+    for key in sorted(LEXERS):
+        module_name, name = LEXERS[key][:2]
+        if name not in _lexer_cache:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+        yield _lexer_cache[name]
+    if plugins:
+        yield from find_plugin_lexers()
+
+
+def guess_lexer_for_filename(_fn, _text, **options):
+    """
+    As :func:`guess_lexer()`, but only lexers which have a pattern in `filenames`
+    or `alias_filenames` that matches `filename` are taken into consideration.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    primary = {}
+    matching_lexers = set()
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        for filename in lexer.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = True
+        for filename in lexer.alias_filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = False
+    if not matching_lexers:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f'no lexer for filename {fn!r} found')
+    if len(matching_lexers) == 1:
+        return matching_lexers.pop()(**options)
+    result = []
+    for lexer in matching_lexers:
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        result.append((rv, lexer))
+
+    def type_sort(t):
+        # sort by:
+        # - analyse score
+        # - is primary filename pattern?
+        # - priority
+        # - last resort: class name
+        return (t[0], primary[t[1]], t[1].priority, t[1].__name__)
+    result.sort(key=type_sort)
+
+    return result[-1][1](**options)
+
+
+def guess_lexer(_text, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that's guessed from the text in
+    `text`. For that, the :meth:`.analyse_text()` method of every known lexer
+    class is called with the text as argument, and the lexer which returned the
+    highest value will be instantiated and returned.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(_text, str):
+        inencoding = options.get('inencoding', options.get('encoding'))
+        if inencoding:
+            _text = _text.decode(inencoding or 'utf8')
+        else:
+            _text, _ = guess_decode(_text)
+
+    # try to get a vim modeline first
+    ft = get_filetype_from_buffer(_text)
+
+    if ft is not None:
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(ft, **options)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            pass
+
+    best_lexer = [0.0, None]
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        if rv > best_lexer[0]:
+            best_lexer[:] = (rv, lexer)
+    if not best_lexer[0] or best_lexer[1] is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer matching the text found')
+    return best_lexer[1](**options)
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import lexers."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = LEXERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_lexers(info[0])
+            cls = _lexer_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        if name in COMPAT:
+            return getattr(self, COMPAT[name])
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+LEXERS = {
+    'ABAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'ABAP', ('abap',), ('*.abap', '*.ABAP'), ('text/x-abap',)),
+    'AMDGPULexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.amdgpu', 'AMDGPU', ('amdgpu',), ('*.isa',), ()),
+    'APLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apl', 'APL', ('apl',), ('*.apl', '*.aplf', '*.aplo', '*.apln', '*.aplc', '*.apli', '*.dyalog'), ()),
+    'AbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'ABNF', ('abnf',), ('*.abnf',), ('text/x-abnf',)),
+    'ActionScript3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript 3', ('actionscript3', 'as3'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript3', 'text/x-actionscript3', 'text/actionscript3')),
+    'ActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript', ('actionscript', 'as'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript', 'text/x-actionscript', 'text/actionscript')),
+    'AdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ada', 'Ada', ('ada', 'ada95', 'ada2005'), ('*.adb', '*.ads', '*.ada'), ('text/x-ada',)),
+    'AdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ADL', ('adl',), ('*.adl', '*.adls', '*.adlf', '*.adlx'), ()),
+    'AgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Agda', ('agda',), ('*.agda',), ('text/x-agda',)),
+    'AheuiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Aheui', ('aheui',), ('*.aheui',), ()),
+    'AlloyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Alloy', ('alloy',), ('*.als',), ('text/x-alloy',)),
+    'AmbientTalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ambient', 'AmbientTalk', ('ambienttalk', 'ambienttalk/2', 'at'), ('*.at',), ('text/x-ambienttalk',)),
+    'AmplLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ampl', 'Ampl', ('ampl',), ('*.run',), ()),
+    'Angular2HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML + Angular2', ('html+ng2',), ('*.ng2',), ()),
+    'Angular2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Angular2', ('ng2',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target', ('antlr-actionscript', 'antlr-as'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With C# Target', ('antlr-csharp', 'antlr-c#'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With CPP Target', ('antlr-cpp',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Java Target', ('antlr-java',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR', ('antlr',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target', ('antlr-objc',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Perl Target', ('antlr-perl',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Python Target', ('antlr-python',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target', ('antlr-ruby', 'antlr-rb'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'ApacheConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'ApacheConf', ('apacheconf', 'aconf', 'apache'), ('.htaccess', 'apache.conf', 'apache2.conf'), ('text/x-apacheconf',)),
+    'AppleScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'AppleScript', ('applescript',), ('*.applescript',), ()),
+    'ArduinoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Arduino', ('arduino',), ('*.ino',), ('text/x-arduino',)),
+    'ArrowLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arrow', 'Arrow', ('arrow',), ('*.arw',), ()),
+    'ArturoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arturo', 'Arturo', ('arturo', 'art'), ('*.art',), ()),
+    'AscLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asc', 'ASCII armored', ('asc', 'pem'), ('*.asc', '*.pem', 'id_dsa', 'id_ecdsa', 'id_ecdsa_sk', 'id_ed25519', 'id_ed25519_sk', 'id_rsa'), ('application/pgp-keys', 'application/pgp-encrypted', 'application/pgp-signature', 'application/pem-certificate-chain')),
+    'Asn1Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asn1', 'ASN.1', ('asn1',), ('*.asn1',), ()),
+    'AspectJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'AspectJ', ('aspectj',), ('*.aj',), ('text/x-aspectj',)),
+    'AsymptoteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Asymptote', ('asymptote', 'asy'), ('*.asy',), ('text/x-asymptote',)),
+    'AugeasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Augeas', ('augeas',), ('*.aug',), ()),
+    'AutoItLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'AutoIt', ('autoit',), ('*.au3',), ('text/x-autoit',)),
+    'AutohotkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'autohotkey', ('autohotkey', 'ahk'), ('*.ahk', '*.ahkl'), ('text/x-autohotkey',)),
+    'AwkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Awk', ('awk', 'gawk', 'mawk', 'nawk'), ('*.awk',), ('application/x-awk',)),
+    'BBCBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BBC Basic', ('bbcbasic',), ('*.bbc',), ()),
+    'BBCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'BBCode', ('bbcode',), (), ('text/x-bbcode',)),
+    'BCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'BC', ('bc',), ('*.bc',), ()),
+    'BQNLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bqn', 'BQN', ('bqn',), ('*.bqn',), ()),
+    'BSTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BST', ('bst', 'bst-pybtex'), ('*.bst',), ()),
+    'BareLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bare', 'BARE', ('bare',), ('*.bare',), ()),
+    'BaseMakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Base Makefile', ('basemake',), (), ()),
+    'BashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash', ('bash', 'sh', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'shell', 'openrc'), ('*.sh', '*.ksh', '*.bash', '*.ebuild', '*.eclass', '*.exheres-0', '*.exlib', '*.zsh', '.bashrc', 'bashrc', '.bash_*', 'bash_*', 'zshrc', '.zshrc', '.kshrc', 'kshrc', 'PKGBUILD'), ('application/x-sh', 'application/x-shellscript', 'text/x-shellscript')),
+    'BashSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash Session', ('console', 'shell-session'), ('*.sh-session', '*.shell-session'), ('application/x-shell-session', 'application/x-sh-session')),
+    'BatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Batchfile', ('batch', 'bat', 'dosbatch', 'winbatch'), ('*.bat', '*.cmd'), ('application/x-dos-batch',)),
+    'BddLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bdd', 'Bdd', ('bdd',), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-bdd',)),
+    'BefungeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Befunge', ('befunge',), ('*.befunge',), ('application/x-befunge',)),
+    'BerryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.berry', 'Berry', ('berry', 'be'), ('*.be',), ('text/x-berry', 'application/x-berry')),
+    'BibTeXLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BibTeX', ('bibtex', 'bib'), ('*.bib',), ('text/x-bibtex',)),
+    'BlitzBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzBasic', ('blitzbasic', 'b3d', 'bplus'), ('*.bb', '*.decls'), ('text/x-bb',)),
+    'BlitzMaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzMax', ('blitzmax', 'bmax'), ('*.bmx',), ('text/x-bmx',)),
+    'BlueprintLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.blueprint', 'Blueprint', ('blueprint',), ('*.blp',), ('text/x-blueprint',)),
+    'BnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'BNF', ('bnf',), ('*.bnf',), ('text/x-bnf',)),
+    'BoaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.boa', 'Boa', ('boa',), ('*.boa',), ()),
+    'BooLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Boo', ('boo',), ('*.boo',), ('text/x-boo',)),
+    'BoogieLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Boogie', ('boogie',), ('*.bpl',), ()),
+    'BrainfuckLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Brainfuck', ('brainfuck', 'bf'), ('*.bf', '*.b'), ('application/x-brainfuck',)),
+    'BugsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'BUGS', ('bugs', 'winbugs', 'openbugs'), ('*.bug',), ()),
+    'CAmkESLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CAmkES', ('camkes', 'idl4'), ('*.camkes', '*.idl4'), ()),
+    'CLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C', ('c',), ('*.c', '*.h', '*.idc', '*.x[bp]m'), ('text/x-chdr', 'text/x-csrc', 'image/x-xbitmap', 'image/x-xpixmap')),
+    'CMakeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'CMake', ('cmake',), ('*.cmake', 'CMakeLists.txt'), ('text/x-cmake',)),
+    'CObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'c-objdump', ('c-objdump',), ('*.c-objdump',), ('text/x-c-objdump',)),
+    'CPSALexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'CPSA', ('cpsa',), ('*.cpsa',), ()),
+    'CSSUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'CSS+UL4', ('css+ul4',), ('*.cssul4',), ()),
+    'CSharpAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-cs', ('aspx-cs',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'CSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'C#', ('csharp', 'c#', 'cs'), ('*.cs',), ('text/x-csharp',)),
+    'Ca65Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'ca65 assembler', ('ca65',), ('*.s',), ()),
+    'CadlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'cADL', ('cadl',), ('*.cadl',), ()),
+    'CapDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CapDL', ('capdl',), ('*.cdl',), ()),
+    'CapnProtoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.capnproto', "Cap'n Proto", ('capnp',), ('*.capnp',), ()),
+    'CarbonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.carbon', 'Carbon', ('carbon',), ('*.carbon',), ('text/x-carbon',)),
+    'CbmBasicV2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'CBM BASIC V2', ('cbmbas',), ('*.bas',), ()),
+    'CddlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cddl', 'CDDL', ('cddl',), ('*.cddl',), ('text/x-cddl',)),
+    'CeylonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ceylon', ('ceylon',), ('*.ceylon',), ('text/x-ceylon',)),
+    'Cfengine3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'CFEngine3', ('cfengine3', 'cf3'), ('*.cf',), ()),
+    'ChaiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'ChaiScript', ('chaiscript', 'chai'), ('*.chai',), ('text/x-chaiscript', 'application/x-chaiscript')),
+    'ChapelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.chapel', 'Chapel', ('chapel', 'chpl'), ('*.chpl',), ()),
+    'CharmciLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Charmci', ('charmci',), ('*.ci',), ()),
+    'CheetahHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Cheetah', ('html+cheetah', 'html+spitfire', 'htmlcheetah'), (), ('text/html+cheetah', 'text/html+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Cheetah', ('javascript+cheetah', 'js+cheetah', 'javascript+spitfire', 'js+spitfire'), (), ('application/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/javascript+cheetah', 'application/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/javascript+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Cheetah', ('cheetah', 'spitfire'), ('*.tmpl', '*.spt'), ('application/x-cheetah', 'application/x-spitfire')),
+    'CheetahXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Cheetah', ('xml+cheetah', 'xml+spitfire'), (), ('application/xml+cheetah', 'application/xml+spitfire')),
+    'CirruLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Cirru', ('cirru',), ('*.cirru',), ('text/x-cirru',)),
+    'ClayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Clay', ('clay',), ('*.clay',), ('text/x-clay',)),
+    'CleanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.clean', 'Clean', ('clean',), ('*.icl', '*.dcl'), ()),
+    'ClojureLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Clojure', ('clojure', 'clj'), ('*.clj', '*.cljc'), ('text/x-clojure', 'application/x-clojure')),
+    'ClojureScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'ClojureScript', ('clojurescript', 'cljs'), ('*.cljs',), ('text/x-clojurescript', 'application/x-clojurescript')),
+    'CobolFreeformatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOLFree', ('cobolfree',), ('*.cbl', '*.CBL'), ()),
+    'CobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOL', ('cobol',), ('*.cob', '*.COB', '*.cpy', '*.CPY'), ('text/x-cobol',)),
+    'CoffeeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'CoffeeScript', ('coffeescript', 'coffee-script', 'coffee'), ('*.coffee',), ('text/coffeescript',)),
+    'ColdfusionCFCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion CFC', ('cfc',), ('*.cfc',), ()),
+    'ColdfusionHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion HTML', ('cfm',), ('*.cfm', '*.cfml'), ('application/x-coldfusion',)),
+    'ColdfusionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'cfstatement', ('cfs',), (), ()),
+    'Comal80Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.comal', 'COMAL-80', ('comal', 'comal80'), ('*.cml', '*.comal'), ()),
+    'CommonLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Common Lisp', ('common-lisp', 'cl', 'lisp'), ('*.cl', '*.lisp'), ('text/x-common-lisp',)),
+    'ComponentPascalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.oberon', 'Component Pascal', ('componentpascal', 'cp'), ('*.cp', '*.cps'), ('text/x-component-pascal',)),
+    'CoqLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Coq', ('coq',), ('*.v',), ('text/x-coq',)),
+    'CplintLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cplint', 'cplint', ('cplint',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl', '*.P', '*.lpad', '*.cpl'), ('text/x-cplint',)),
+    'CppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C++', ('cpp', 'c++'), ('*.cpp', '*.hpp', '*.c++', '*.h++', '*.cc', '*.hh', '*.cxx', '*.hxx', '*.C', '*.H', '*.cp', '*.CPP', '*.tpp'), ('text/x-c++hdr', 'text/x-c++src')),
+    'CppObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'cpp-objdump', ('cpp-objdump', 'c++-objdumb', 'cxx-objdump'), ('*.cpp-objdump', '*.c++-objdump', '*.cxx-objdump'), ('text/x-cpp-objdump',)),
+    'CrmshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Crmsh', ('crmsh', 'pcmk'), ('*.crmsh', '*.pcmk'), ()),
+    'CrocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'Croc', ('croc',), ('*.croc',), ('text/x-crocsrc',)),
+    'CryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Cryptol', ('cryptol', 'cry'), ('*.cry',), ('text/x-cryptol',)),
+    'CrystalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.crystal', 'Crystal', ('cr', 'crystal'), ('*.cr',), ('text/x-crystal',)),
+    'CsoundDocumentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Document', ('csound-document', 'csound-csd'), ('*.csd',), ()),
+    'CsoundOrchestraLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Orchestra', ('csound', 'csound-orc'), ('*.orc', '*.udo'), ()),
+    'CsoundScoreLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Score', ('csound-score', 'csound-sco'), ('*.sco',), ()),
+    'CssDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Django/Jinja', ('css+django', 'css+jinja'), ('*.css.j2', '*.css.jinja2'), ('text/css+django', 'text/css+jinja')),
+    'CssErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Ruby', ('css+ruby', 'css+erb'), (), ('text/css+ruby',)),
+    'CssGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Genshi Text', ('css+genshitext', 'css+genshi'), (), ('text/css+genshi',)),
+    'CssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'CSS', ('css',), ('*.css',), ('text/css',)),
+    'CssPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+PHP', ('css+php',), (), ('text/css+php',)),
+    'CssSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Smarty', ('css+smarty',), (), ('text/css+smarty',)),
+    'CudaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'CUDA', ('cuda', 'cu'), ('*.cu', '*.cuh'), ('text/x-cuda',)),
+    'CypherLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graph', 'Cypher', ('cypher',), ('*.cyp', '*.cypher'), ()),
+    'CythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Cython', ('cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex'), ('*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi'), ('text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython')),
+    'DLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'D', ('d',), ('*.d', '*.di'), ('text/x-dsrc',)),
+    'DObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'd-objdump', ('d-objdump',), ('*.d-objdump',), ('text/x-d-objdump',)),
+    'DarcsPatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Darcs Patch', ('dpatch',), ('*.dpatch', '*.darcspatch'), ()),
+    'DartLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Dart', ('dart',), ('*.dart',), ('text/x-dart',)),
+    'Dasm16Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'DASM16', ('dasm16',), ('*.dasm16', '*.dasm'), ('text/x-dasm16',)),
+    'DaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dax', 'Dax', ('dax',), ('*.dax',), ()),
+    'DebianControlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Control file', ('debcontrol', 'control'), ('control',), ()),
+    'DelphiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Delphi', ('delphi', 'pas', 'pascal', 'objectpascal'), ('*.pas', '*.dpr'), ('text/x-pascal',)),
+    'DesktopLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Desktop file', ('desktop',), ('*.desktop',), ('application/x-desktop',)),
+    'DevicetreeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.devicetree', 'Devicetree', ('devicetree', 'dts'), ('*.dts', '*.dtsi'), ('text/x-c',)),
+    'DgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'dg', ('dg',), ('*.dg',), ('text/x-dg',)),
+    'DiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Diff', ('diff', 'udiff'), ('*.diff', '*.patch'), ('text/x-diff', 'text/x-patch')),
+    'DjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Django/Jinja', ('django', 'jinja'), (), ('application/x-django-templating', 'application/x-jinja')),
+    'DnsZoneLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dns', 'Zone', ('zone',), ('*.zone',), ('text/dns',)),
+    'DockerLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Docker', ('docker', 'dockerfile'), ('Dockerfile', '*.docker'), ('text/x-dockerfile-config',)),
+    'DtdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'DTD', ('dtd',), ('*.dtd',), ('application/xml-dtd',)),
+    'DuelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Duel', ('duel', 'jbst', 'jsonml+bst'), ('*.duel', '*.jbst'), ('text/x-duel', 'text/x-jbst')),
+    'DylanConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan session', ('dylan-console', 'dylan-repl'), ('*.dylan-console',), ('text/x-dylan-console',)),
+    'DylanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan', ('dylan',), ('*.dylan', '*.dyl', '*.intr'), ('text/x-dylan',)),
+    'DylanLidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'DylanLID', ('dylan-lid', 'lid'), ('*.lid', '*.hdp'), ('text/x-dylan-lid',)),
+    'ECLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ecl', 'ECL', ('ecl',), ('*.ecl',), ('application/x-ecl',)),
+    'ECLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'eC', ('ec',), ('*.ec', '*.eh'), ('text/x-echdr', 'text/x-ecsrc')),
+    'EarlGreyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Earl Grey', ('earl-grey', 'earlgrey', 'eg'), ('*.eg',), ('text/x-earl-grey',)),
+    'EasytrieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Easytrieve', ('easytrieve',), ('*.ezt', '*.mac'), ('text/x-easytrieve',)),
+    'EbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'EBNF', ('ebnf',), ('*.ebnf',), ('text/x-ebnf',)),
+    'EiffelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.eiffel', 'Eiffel', ('eiffel',), ('*.e',), ('text/x-eiffel',)),
+    'ElixirConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir iex session', ('iex',), (), ('text/x-elixir-shellsession',)),
+    'ElixirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir', ('elixir', 'ex', 'exs'), ('*.ex', '*.eex', '*.exs', '*.leex'), ('text/x-elixir',)),
+    'ElmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elm', 'Elm', ('elm',), ('*.elm',), ('text/x-elm',)),
+    'ElpiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elpi', 'Elpi', ('elpi',), ('*.elpi',), ('text/x-elpi',)),
+    'EmacsLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'EmacsLisp', ('emacs-lisp', 'elisp', 'emacs'), ('*.el',), ('text/x-elisp', 'application/x-elisp')),
+    'EmailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.email', 'E-mail', ('email', 'eml'), ('*.eml',), ('message/rfc822',)),
+    'ErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'ERB', ('erb',), (), ('application/x-ruby-templating',)),
+    'ErlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang', ('erlang',), ('*.erl', '*.hrl', '*.es', '*.escript'), ('text/x-erlang',)),
+    'ErlangShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang erl session', ('erl',), ('*.erl-sh',), ('text/x-erl-shellsession',)),
+    'EvoqueHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Evoque', ('html+evoque',), ('*.html',), ('text/html+evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Evoque', ('evoque',), ('*.evoque',), ('application/x-evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Evoque', ('xml+evoque',), ('*.xml',), ('application/xml+evoque',)),
+    'ExeclineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'execline', ('execline',), ('*.exec',), ()),
+    'EzhilLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ezhil', 'Ezhil', ('ezhil',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-ezhil',)),
+    'FSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'F#', ('fsharp', 'f#'), ('*.fs', '*.fsi', '*.fsx'), ('text/x-fsharp',)),
+    'FStarLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'FStar', ('fstar',), ('*.fst', '*.fsti'), ('text/x-fstar',)),
+    'FactorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.factor', 'Factor', ('factor',), ('*.factor',), ('text/x-factor',)),
+    'FancyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Fancy', ('fancy', 'fy'), ('*.fy', '*.fancypack'), ('text/x-fancysrc',)),
+    'FantomLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fantom', 'Fantom', ('fan',), ('*.fan',), ('application/x-fantom',)),
+    'FelixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.felix', 'Felix', ('felix', 'flx'), ('*.flx', '*.flxh'), ('text/x-felix',)),
+    'FennelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Fennel', ('fennel', 'fnl'), ('*.fnl',), ()),
+    'FiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fift', 'Fift', ('fift', 'fif'), ('*.fif',), ()),
+    'FishShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Fish', ('fish', 'fishshell'), ('*.fish', '*.load'), ('application/x-fish',)),
+    'FlatlineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Flatline', ('flatline',), (), ('text/x-flatline',)),
+    'FloScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.floscript', 'FloScript', ('floscript', 'flo'), ('*.flo',), ()),
+    'ForthLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.forth', 'Forth', ('forth',), ('*.frt', '*.fs'), ('application/x-forth',)),
+    'FortranFixedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'FortranFixed', ('fortranfixed',), ('*.f', '*.F'), ()),
+    'FortranLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'Fortran', ('fortran', 'f90'), ('*.f03', '*.f90', '*.F03', '*.F90'), ('text/x-fortran',)),
+    'FoxProLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.foxpro', 'FoxPro', ('foxpro', 'vfp', 'clipper', 'xbase'), ('*.PRG', '*.prg'), ()),
+    'FreeFemLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.freefem', 'Freefem', ('freefem',), ('*.edp',), ('text/x-freefem',)),
+    'FuncLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.func', 'FunC', ('func', 'fc'), ('*.fc', '*.func'), ()),
+    'FutharkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.futhark', 'Futhark', ('futhark',), ('*.fut',), ('text/x-futhark',)),
+    'GAPConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP session', ('gap-console', 'gap-repl'), ('*.tst',), ()),
+    'GAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP', ('gap',), ('*.g', '*.gd', '*.gi', '*.gap'), ()),
+    'GDScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gdscript', 'GDScript', ('gdscript', 'gd'), ('*.gd',), ('text/x-gdscript', 'application/x-gdscript')),
+    'GLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'GLSL', ('glsl',), ('*.vert', '*.frag', '*.geo'), ('text/x-glslsrc',)),
+    'GSQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gsql', 'GSQL', ('gsql',), ('*.gsql',), ()),
+    'GasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'GAS', ('gas', 'asm'), ('*.s', '*.S'), ('text/x-gas',)),
+    'GcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gcodelexer', 'g-code', ('gcode',), ('*.gcode',), ()),
+    'GenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi', ('genshi', 'kid', 'xml+genshi', 'xml+kid'), ('*.kid',), ('application/x-genshi', 'application/x-kid')),
+    'GenshiTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi Text', ('genshitext',), (), ('application/x-genshi-text', 'text/x-genshi')),
+    'GettextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Gettext Catalog', ('pot', 'po'), ('*.pot', '*.po'), ('application/x-gettext', 'text/x-gettext', 'text/gettext')),
+    'GherkinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'Gherkin', ('gherkin', 'cucumber'), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-gherkin',)),
+    'GnuplotLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Gnuplot', ('gnuplot',), ('*.plot', '*.plt'), ('text/x-gnuplot',)),
+    'GoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.go', 'Go', ('go', 'golang'), ('*.go',), ('text/x-gosrc',)),
+    'GoloLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Golo', ('golo',), ('*.golo',), ()),
+    'GoodDataCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'GoodData-CL', ('gooddata-cl',), ('*.gdc',), ('text/x-gooddata-cl',)),
+    'GosuLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu', ('gosu',), ('*.gs', '*.gsx', '*.gsp', '*.vark'), ('text/x-gosu',)),
+    'GosuTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu Template', ('gst',), ('*.gst',), ('text/x-gosu-template',)),
+    'GraphQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphql', 'GraphQL', ('graphql',), ('*.graphql',), ()),
+    'GraphvizLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphviz', 'Graphviz', ('graphviz', 'dot'), ('*.gv', '*.dot'), ('text/x-graphviz', 'text/vnd.graphviz')),
+    'GroffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Groff', ('groff', 'nroff', 'man'), ('*.[1-9]', '*.man', '*.1p', '*.3pm'), ('application/x-troff', 'text/troff')),
+    'GroovyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Groovy', ('groovy',), ('*.groovy', '*.gradle'), ('text/x-groovy',)),
+    'HLSLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'HLSL', ('hlsl',), ('*.hlsl', '*.hlsli'), ('text/x-hlsl',)),
+    'HTMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'HTML+UL4', ('html+ul4',), ('*.htmlul4',), ()),
+    'HamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Haml', ('haml',), ('*.haml',), ('text/x-haml',)),
+    'HandlebarsHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Handlebars', ('html+handlebars',), ('*.handlebars', '*.hbs'), ('text/html+handlebars', 'text/x-handlebars-template')),
+    'HandlebarsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Handlebars', ('handlebars',), (), ()),
+    'HaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Haskell', ('haskell', 'hs'), ('*.hs',), ('text/x-haskell',)),
+    'HaxeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Haxe', ('haxe', 'hxsl', 'hx'), ('*.hx', '*.hxsl'), ('text/haxe', 'text/x-haxe', 'text/x-hx')),
+    'HexdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hexdump', 'Hexdump', ('hexdump',), (), ()),
+    'HsailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'HSAIL', ('hsail', 'hsa'), ('*.hsail',), ('text/x-hsail',)),
+    'HspecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Hspec', ('hspec',), ('*Spec.hs',), ()),
+    'HtmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Django/Jinja', ('html+django', 'html+jinja', 'htmldjango'), ('*.html.j2', '*.htm.j2', '*.xhtml.j2', '*.html.jinja2', '*.htm.jinja2', '*.xhtml.jinja2'), ('text/html+django', 'text/html+jinja')),
+    'HtmlGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Genshi', ('html+genshi', 'html+kid'), (), ('text/html+genshi',)),
+    'HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm', '*.xhtml', '*.xslt'), ('text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml')),
+    'HtmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+PHP', ('html+php',), ('*.phtml',), ('application/x-php', 'application/x-httpd-php', 'application/x-httpd-php3', 'application/x-httpd-php4', 'application/x-httpd-php5')),
+    'HtmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Smarty', ('html+smarty',), (), ('text/html+smarty',)),
+    'HttpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'HTTP', ('http',), (), ()),
+    'HxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Hxml', ('haxeml', 'hxml'), ('*.hxml',), ()),
+    'HyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Hy', ('hylang', 'hy'), ('*.hy',), ('text/x-hy', 'application/x-hy')),
+    'HybrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Hybris', ('hybris',), ('*.hyb',), ('text/x-hybris', 'application/x-hybris')),
+    'IDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.idl', 'IDL', ('idl',), ('*.pro',), ('text/idl',)),
+    'IconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Icon', ('icon',), ('*.icon', '*.ICON'), ()),
+    'IdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Idris', ('idris', 'idr'), ('*.idr',), ('text/x-idris',)),
+    'IgorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.igor', 'Igor', ('igor', 'igorpro'), ('*.ipf',), ('text/ipf',)),
+    'Inform6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6', ('inform6', 'i6'), ('*.inf',), ()),
+    'Inform6TemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6 template', ('i6t',), ('*.i6t',), ()),
+    'Inform7Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 7', ('inform7', 'i7'), ('*.ni', '*.i7x'), ()),
+    'IniLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'INI', ('ini', 'cfg', 'dosini'), ('*.ini', '*.cfg', '*.inf', '.editorconfig'), ('text/x-ini', 'text/inf')),
+    'IoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.iolang', 'Io', ('io',), ('*.io',), ('text/x-iosrc',)),
+    'IokeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ioke', ('ioke', 'ik'), ('*.ik',), ('text/x-iokesrc',)),
+    'IrcLogsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'IRC logs', ('irc',), ('*.weechatlog',), ('text/x-irclog',)),
+    'IsabelleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Isabelle', ('isabelle',), ('*.thy',), ('text/x-isabelle',)),
+    'JLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.j', 'J', ('j',), ('*.ijs',), ('text/x-j',)),
+    'JMESPathLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jmespath', 'JMESPath', ('jmespath', 'jp'), ('*.jp',), ()),
+    'JSLTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jslt', 'JSLT', ('jslt',), ('*.jslt',), ('text/x-jslt',)),
+    'JagsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'JAGS', ('jags',), ('*.jag', '*.bug'), ()),
+    'JanetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Janet', ('janet',), ('*.janet', '*.jdn'), ('text/x-janet', 'application/x-janet')),
+    'JasminLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Jasmin', ('jasmin', 'jasminxt'), ('*.j',), ()),
+    'JavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Java', ('java',), ('*.java',), ('text/x-java',)),
+    'JavascriptDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja', ('javascript+django', 'js+django', 'javascript+jinja', 'js+jinja'), ('*.js.j2', '*.js.jinja2'), ('application/x-javascript+django', 'application/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/x-javascript+django', 'text/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/javascript+django', 'text/javascript+jinja')),
+    'JavascriptErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Ruby', ('javascript+ruby', 'js+ruby', 'javascript+erb', 'js+erb'), (), ('application/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/javascript+ruby')),
+    'JavascriptGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text', ('js+genshitext', 'js+genshi', 'javascript+genshitext', 'javascript+genshi'), (), ('application/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/javascript+genshi')),
+    'JavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'JavaScript', ('javascript', 'js'), ('*.js', '*.jsm', '*.mjs', '*.cjs'), ('application/javascript', 'application/x-javascript', 'text/x-javascript', 'text/javascript')),
+    'JavascriptPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+PHP', ('javascript+php', 'js+php'), (), ('application/x-javascript+php', 'text/x-javascript+php', 'text/javascript+php')),
+    'JavascriptSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Smarty', ('javascript+smarty', 'js+smarty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/javascript+smarty')),
+    'JavascriptUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Javascript+UL4', ('js+ul4',), ('*.jsul4',), ()),
+    'JclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'JCL', ('jcl',), ('*.jcl',), ('text/x-jcl',)),
+    'JsgfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'JSGF', ('jsgf',), ('*.jsgf',), ('application/jsgf', 'application/x-jsgf', 'text/jsgf')),
+    'JsonBareObjectLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSONBareObject', (), (), ()),
+    'JsonLdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON-LD', ('jsonld', 'json-ld'), ('*.jsonld',), ('application/ld+json',)),
+    'JsonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON', ('json', 'json-object'), ('*.json', '*.jsonl', '*.ndjson', 'Pipfile.lock'), ('application/json', 'application/json-object', 'application/x-ndjson', 'application/jsonl', 'application/json-seq')),
+    'JsonnetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jsonnet', 'Jsonnet', ('jsonnet',), ('*.jsonnet', '*.libsonnet'), ()),
+    'JspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Java Server Page', ('jsp',), ('*.jsp',), ('application/x-jsp',)),
+    'JsxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jsx', 'JSX', ('jsx', 'react'), ('*.jsx', '*.react'), ('text/jsx', 'text/typescript-jsx')),
+    'JuliaConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia console', ('jlcon', 'julia-repl'), (), ()),
+    'JuliaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia', ('julia', 'jl'), ('*.jl',), ('text/x-julia', 'application/x-julia')),
+    'JuttleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Juttle', ('juttle',), ('*.juttle',), ('application/juttle', 'application/x-juttle', 'text/x-juttle', 'text/juttle')),
+    'KLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'K', ('k',), ('*.k',), ()),
+    'KalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Kal', ('kal',), ('*.kal',), ('text/kal', 'application/kal')),
+    'KconfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Kconfig', ('kconfig', 'menuconfig', 'linux-config', 'kernel-config'), ('Kconfig*', '*Config.in*', 'external.in*', 'standard-modules.in'), ('text/x-kconfig',)),
+    'KernelLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Kernel log', ('kmsg', 'dmesg'), ('*.kmsg', '*.dmesg'), ()),
+    'KokaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Koka', ('koka',), ('*.kk', '*.kki'), ('text/x-koka',)),
+    'KotlinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Kotlin', ('kotlin',), ('*.kt', '*.kts'), ('text/x-kotlin',)),
+    'KuinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.kuin', 'Kuin', ('kuin',), ('*.kn',), ()),
+    'KustoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.kusto', 'Kusto', ('kql', 'kusto'), ('*.kql', '*.kusto', '.csl'), ()),
+    'LSLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'LSL', ('lsl',), ('*.lsl',), ('text/x-lsl',)),
+    'LassoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Lasso', ('css+lasso',), (), ('text/css+lasso',)),
+    'LassoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Lasso', ('html+lasso',), (), ('text/html+lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso[89]')),
+    'LassoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Lasso', ('javascript+lasso', 'js+lasso'), (), ('application/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/javascript+lasso')),
+    'LassoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Lasso', ('lasso', 'lassoscript'), ('*.lasso', '*.lasso[89]'), ('text/x-lasso',)),
+    'LassoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Lasso', ('xml+lasso',), (), ('application/xml+lasso',)),
+    'LdaprcLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ldap', 'LDAP configuration file', ('ldapconf', 'ldaprc'), ('.ldaprc', 'ldaprc', 'ldap.conf'), ('text/x-ldapconf',)),
+    'LdifLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ldap', 'LDIF', ('ldif',), ('*.ldif',), ('text/x-ldif',)),
+    'Lean3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lean', 'Lean', ('lean', 'lean3'), ('*.lean',), ('text/x-lean', 'text/x-lean3')),
+    'Lean4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lean', 'Lean4', ('lean4',), ('*.lean',), ('text/x-lean4',)),
+    'LessCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'LessCss', ('less',), ('*.less',), ('text/x-less-css',)),
+    'LighttpdConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Lighttpd configuration file', ('lighttpd', 'lighty'), ('lighttpd.conf',), ('text/x-lighttpd-conf',)),
+    'LilyPondLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lilypond', 'LilyPond', ('lilypond',), ('*.ly',), ()),
+    'LimboLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.inferno', 'Limbo', ('limbo',), ('*.b',), ('text/limbo',)),
+    'LiquidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'liquid', ('liquid',), ('*.liquid',), ()),
+    'LiterateAgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Agda', ('literate-agda', 'lagda'), ('*.lagda',), ('text/x-literate-agda',)),
+    'LiterateCryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Cryptol', ('literate-cryptol', 'lcryptol', 'lcry'), ('*.lcry',), ('text/x-literate-cryptol',)),
+    'LiterateHaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Haskell', ('literate-haskell', 'lhaskell', 'lhs'), ('*.lhs',), ('text/x-literate-haskell',)),
+    'LiterateIdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Idris', ('literate-idris', 'lidris', 'lidr'), ('*.lidr',), ('text/x-literate-idris',)),
+    'LiveScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'LiveScript', ('livescript', 'live-script'), ('*.ls',), ('text/livescript',)),
+    'LlvmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM', ('llvm',), ('*.ll',), ('text/x-llvm',)),
+    'LlvmMirBodyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR Body', ('llvm-mir-body',), (), ()),
+    'LlvmMirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR', ('llvm-mir',), ('*.mir',), ()),
+    'LogosLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Logos', ('logos',), ('*.x', '*.xi', '*.xm', '*.xmi'), ('text/x-logos',)),
+    'LogtalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Logtalk', ('logtalk',), ('*.lgt', '*.logtalk'), ('text/x-logtalk',)),
+    'LuaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Lua', ('lua',), ('*.lua', '*.wlua'), ('text/x-lua', 'application/x-lua')),
+    'LuauLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Luau', ('luau',), ('*.luau',), ()),
+    'MCFunctionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCFunction', ('mcfunction', 'mcf'), ('*.mcfunction',), ('text/mcfunction',)),
+    'MCSchemaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCSchema', ('mcschema',), ('*.mcschema',), ('text/mcschema',)),
+    'MIMELexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mime', 'MIME', ('mime',), (), ('multipart/mixed', 'multipart/related', 'multipart/alternative')),
+    'MIPSLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mips', 'MIPS', ('mips',), ('*.mips', '*.MIPS'), ()),
+    'MOOCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MOOCode', ('moocode', 'moo'), ('*.moo',), ('text/x-moocode',)),
+    'MSDOSSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'MSDOS Session', ('doscon',), (), ()),
+    'Macaulay2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.macaulay2', 'Macaulay2', ('macaulay2',), ('*.m2',), ()),
+    'MakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Makefile', ('make', 'makefile', 'mf', 'bsdmake'), ('*.mak', '*.mk', 'Makefile', 'makefile', 'Makefile.*', 'GNUmakefile'), ('text/x-makefile',)),
+    'MakoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Mako', ('css+mako',), (), ('text/css+mako',)),
+    'MakoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Mako', ('html+mako',), (), ('text/html+mako',)),
+    'MakoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Mako', ('javascript+mako', 'js+mako'), (), ('application/x-javascript+mako', 'text/x-javascript+mako', 'text/javascript+mako')),
+    'MakoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mako', ('mako',), ('*.mao',), ('application/x-mako',)),
+    'MakoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Mako', ('xml+mako',), (), ('application/xml+mako',)),
+    'MaqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'MAQL', ('maql',), ('*.maql',), ('text/x-gooddata-maql', 'application/x-gooddata-maql')),
+    'MarkdownLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Markdown', ('markdown', 'md'), ('*.md', '*.markdown'), ('text/x-markdown',)),
+    'MaskLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Mask', ('mask',), ('*.mask',), ('text/x-mask',)),
+    'MasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mason', ('mason',), ('*.m', '*.mhtml', '*.mc', '*.mi', 'autohandler', 'dhandler'), ('application/x-mason',)),
+    'MathematicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'Mathematica', ('mathematica', 'mma', 'nb'), ('*.nb', '*.cdf', '*.nbp', '*.ma'), ('application/mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica.package', 'application/vnd.wolfram.cdf')),
+    'MatlabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab', ('matlab',), ('*.m',), ('text/matlab',)),
+    'MatlabSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab session', ('matlabsession',), (), ()),
+    'MaximaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.maxima', 'Maxima', ('maxima', 'macsyma'), ('*.mac', '*.max'), ()),
+    'MesonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.meson', 'Meson', ('meson', 'meson.build'), ('meson.build', 'meson_options.txt'), ('text/x-meson',)),
+    'MiniDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'MiniD', ('minid',), (), ('text/x-minidsrc',)),
+    'MiniScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MiniScript', ('miniscript', 'ms'), ('*.ms',), ('text/x-minicript', 'application/x-miniscript')),
+    'ModelicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Modelica', ('modelica',), ('*.mo',), ('text/x-modelica',)),
+    'Modula2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modula2', 'Modula-2', ('modula2', 'm2'), ('*.def', '*.mod'), ('text/x-modula2',)),
+    'MoinWikiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup', ('trac-wiki', 'moin'), (), ('text/x-trac-wiki',)),
+    'MojoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mojo', 'Mojo', ('mojo', '🔥'), ('*.mojo', '*.🔥'), ('text/x-mojo', 'application/x-mojo')),
+    'MonkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'Monkey', ('monkey',), ('*.monkey',), ('text/x-monkey',)),
+    'MonteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.monte', 'Monte', ('monte',), ('*.mt',), ()),
+    'MoonScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MoonScript', ('moonscript', 'moon'), ('*.moon',), ('text/x-moonscript', 'application/x-moonscript')),
+    'MoselLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mosel', 'Mosel', ('mosel',), ('*.mos',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'CSS+mozpreproc', ('css+mozpreproc',), ('*.css.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocHashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozhashpreproc', ('mozhashpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Javascript+mozpreproc', ('javascript+mozpreproc',), ('*.js.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocPercentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozpercentpreproc', ('mozpercentpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocXulLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'XUL+mozpreproc', ('xul+mozpreproc',), ('*.xul.in',), ()),
+    'MqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'MQL', ('mql', 'mq4', 'mq5', 'mql4', 'mql5'), ('*.mq4', '*.mq5', '*.mqh'), ('text/x-mql',)),
+    'MscgenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Mscgen', ('mscgen', 'msc'), ('*.msc',), ()),
+    'MuPADLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'MuPAD', ('mupad',), ('*.mu',), ()),
+    'MxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'MXML', ('mxml',), ('*.mxml',), ()),
+    'MySqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'MySQL', ('mysql',), (), ('text/x-mysql',)),
+    'MyghtyCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Myghty', ('css+myghty',), (), ('text/css+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Myghty', ('html+myghty',), (), ('text/html+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Myghty', ('javascript+myghty', 'js+myghty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/javascript+mygthy')),
+    'MyghtyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Myghty', ('myghty',), ('*.myt', 'autodelegate'), ('application/x-myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Myghty', ('xml+myghty',), (), ('application/xml+myghty',)),
+    'NCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ncl', 'NCL', ('ncl',), ('*.ncl',), ('text/ncl',)),
+    'NSISLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'NSIS', ('nsis', 'nsi', 'nsh'), ('*.nsi', '*.nsh'), ('text/x-nsis',)),
+    'NasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'NASM', ('nasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.nasm'), ('text/x-nasm',)),
+    'NasmObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump-nasm', ('objdump-nasm',), ('*.objdump-intel',), ('text/x-nasm-objdump',)),
+    'NemerleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Nemerle', ('nemerle',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-nemerle',)),
+    'NesCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'nesC', ('nesc',), ('*.nc',), ('text/x-nescsrc',)),
+    'NestedTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'NestedText', ('nestedtext', 'nt'), ('*.nt',), ()),
+    'NewLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'NewLisp', ('newlisp',), ('*.lsp', '*.nl', '*.kif'), ('text/x-newlisp', 'application/x-newlisp')),
+    'NewspeakLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Newspeak', ('newspeak',), ('*.ns2',), ('text/x-newspeak',)),
+    'NginxConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Nginx configuration file', ('nginx',), ('nginx.conf',), ('text/x-nginx-conf',)),
+    'NimrodLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nimrod', 'Nimrod', ('nimrod', 'nim'), ('*.nim', '*.nimrod'), ('text/x-nim',)),
+    'NitLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nit', 'Nit', ('nit',), ('*.nit',), ()),
+    'NixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nix', 'Nix', ('nixos', 'nix'), ('*.nix',), ('text/x-nix',)),
+    'NodeConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Node.js REPL console session', ('nodejsrepl',), (), ('text/x-nodejsrepl',)),
+    'NotmuchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Notmuch', ('notmuch',), (), ()),
+    'NuSMVLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smv', 'NuSMV', ('nusmv',), ('*.smv',), ()),
+    'NumPyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'NumPy', ('numpy',), (), ()),
+    'ObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump', ('objdump',), ('*.objdump',), ('text/x-objdump',)),
+    'ObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C', ('objective-c', 'objectivec', 'obj-c', 'objc'), ('*.m', '*.h'), ('text/x-objective-c',)),
+    'ObjectiveCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C++', ('objective-c++', 'objectivec++', 'obj-c++', 'objc++'), ('*.mm', '*.hh'), ('text/x-objective-c++',)),
+    'ObjectiveJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Objective-J', ('objective-j', 'objectivej', 'obj-j', 'objj'), ('*.j',), ('text/x-objective-j',)),
+    'OcamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'OCaml', ('ocaml',), ('*.ml', '*.mli', '*.mll', '*.mly'), ('text/x-ocaml',)),
+    'OctaveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Octave', ('octave',), ('*.m',), ('text/octave',)),
+    'OdinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ODIN', ('odin',), ('*.odin',), ('text/odin',)),
+    'OmgIdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'OMG Interface Definition Language', ('omg-idl',), ('*.idl', '*.pidl'), ()),
+    'OocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ooc', 'Ooc', ('ooc',), ('*.ooc',), ('text/x-ooc',)),
+    'OpaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Opa', ('opa',), ('*.opa',), ('text/x-opa',)),
+    'OpenEdgeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'OpenEdge ABL', ('openedge', 'abl', 'progress'), ('*.p', '*.cls'), ('text/x-openedge', 'application/x-openedge')),
+    'OpenScadLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.openscad', 'OpenSCAD', ('openscad',), ('*.scad',), ('application/x-openscad',)),
+    'OrgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Org Mode', ('org', 'orgmode', 'org-mode'), ('*.org',), ('text/org',)),
+    'OutputLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text output', ('output',), (), ()),
+    'PacmanConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PacmanConf', ('pacmanconf',), ('pacman.conf',), ()),
+    'PanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Pan', ('pan',), ('*.pan',), ()),
+    'ParaSailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parasail', 'ParaSail', ('parasail',), ('*.psi', '*.psl'), ('text/x-parasail',)),
+    'PawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'Pawn', ('pawn',), ('*.p', '*.pwn', '*.inc'), ('text/x-pawn',)),
+    'PegLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'PEG', ('peg',), ('*.peg',), ('text/x-peg',)),
+    'Perl6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl6', ('perl6', 'pl6', 'raku'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6', '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod', '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc'), ('text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6')),
+    'PerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl', ('perl', 'pl'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t', '*.perl'), ('text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl')),
+    'PhixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.phix', 'Phix', ('phix',), ('*.exw',), ('text/x-phix',)),
+    'PhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PHP', ('php', 'php3', 'php4', 'php5'), ('*.php', '*.php[345]', '*.inc'), ('text/x-php',)),
+    'PigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Pig', ('pig',), ('*.pig',), ('text/x-pig',)),
+    'PikeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Pike', ('pike',), ('*.pike', '*.pmod'), ('text/x-pike',)),
+    'PkgConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PkgConfig', ('pkgconfig',), ('*.pc',), ()),
+    'PlPgsqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PL/pgSQL', ('plpgsql',), (), ('text/x-plpgsql',)),
+    'PointlessLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pointless', 'Pointless', ('pointless',), ('*.ptls',), ()),
+    'PonyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pony', 'Pony', ('pony',), ('*.pony',), ()),
+    'PortugolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Portugol', ('portugol',), ('*.alg', '*.portugol'), ()),
+    'PostScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'PostScript', ('postscript', 'postscr'), ('*.ps', '*.eps'), ('application/postscript',)),
+    'PostgresConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)', ('psql', 'postgresql-console', 'postgres-console'), (), ('text/x-postgresql-psql',)),
+    'PostgresExplainLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL EXPLAIN dialect', ('postgres-explain',), ('*.explain',), ('text/x-postgresql-explain',)),
+    'PostgresLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect', ('postgresql', 'postgres'), (), ('text/x-postgresql',)),
+    'PovrayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'POVRay', ('pov',), ('*.pov', '*.inc'), ('text/x-povray',)),
+    'PowerShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell', ('powershell', 'pwsh', 'posh', 'ps1', 'psm1'), ('*.ps1', '*.psm1'), ('text/x-powershell',)),
+    'PowerShellSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell Session', ('pwsh-session', 'ps1con'), (), ()),
+    'PraatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.praat', 'Praat', ('praat',), ('*.praat', '*.proc', '*.psc'), ()),
+    'ProcfileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.procfile', 'Procfile', ('procfile',), ('Procfile',), ()),
+    'PrologLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Prolog', ('prolog',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl'), ('text/x-prolog',)),
+    'PromQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.promql', 'PromQL', ('promql',), ('*.promql',), ()),
+    'PromelaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Promela', ('promela',), ('*.pml', '*.prom', '*.prm', '*.promela', '*.pr', '*.pm'), ('text/x-promela',)),
+    'PropertiesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Properties', ('properties', 'jproperties'), ('*.properties',), ('text/x-java-properties',)),
+    'ProtoBufLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Protocol Buffer', ('protobuf', 'proto'), ('*.proto',), ()),
+    'PrqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prql', 'PRQL', ('prql',), ('*.prql',), ('application/prql', 'application/x-prql')),
+    'PsyshConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PsySH console session for PHP', ('psysh',), (), ()),
+    'PtxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ptx', 'PTX', ('ptx',), ('*.ptx',), ('text/x-ptx',)),
+    'PugLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Pug', ('pug', 'jade'), ('*.pug', '*.jade'), ('text/x-pug', 'text/x-jade')),
+    'PuppetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Puppet', ('puppet',), ('*.pp',), ()),
+    'PyPyLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'PyPy Log', ('pypylog', 'pypy'), ('*.pypylog',), ('application/x-pypylog',)),
+    'Python2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x', ('python2', 'py2'), (), ('text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2')),
+    'Python2TracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x Traceback', ('py2tb',), ('*.py2tb',), ('text/x-python2-traceback',)),
+    'PythonConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python console session', ('pycon', 'python-console'), (), ('text/x-python-doctest',)),
+    'PythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python', ('python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3', 'bazel', 'starlark'), ('*.py', '*.pyw', '*.pyi', '*.jy', '*.sage', '*.sc', 'SConstruct', 'SConscript', '*.bzl', 'BUCK', 'BUILD', 'BUILD.bazel', 'WORKSPACE', '*.tac'), ('text/x-python', 'application/x-python', 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3')),
+    'PythonTracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python Traceback', ('pytb', 'py3tb'), ('*.pytb', '*.py3tb'), ('text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback')),
+    'PythonUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Python+UL4', ('py+ul4',), ('*.pyul4',), ()),
+    'QBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'QBasic', ('qbasic', 'basic'), ('*.BAS', '*.bas'), ('text/basic',)),
+    'QLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'Q', ('q',), ('*.q',), ()),
+    'QVToLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qvt', 'QVTO', ('qvto', 'qvt'), ('*.qvto',), ()),
+    'QlikLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qlik', 'Qlik', ('qlik', 'qlikview', 'qliksense', 'qlikscript'), ('*.qvs', '*.qvw'), ()),
+    'QmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'QML', ('qml', 'qbs'), ('*.qml', '*.qbs'), ('application/x-qml', 'application/x-qt.qbs+qml')),
+    'RConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'RConsole', ('rconsole', 'rout'), ('*.Rout',), ()),
+    'RNCCompactLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rnc', 'Relax-NG Compact', ('rng-compact', 'rnc'), ('*.rnc',), ()),
+    'RPMSpecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'RPMSpec', ('spec',), ('*.spec',), ('text/x-rpm-spec',)),
+    'RacketLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Racket', ('racket', 'rkt'), ('*.rkt', '*.rktd', '*.rktl'), ('text/x-racket', 'application/x-racket')),
+    'RagelCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in C Host', ('ragel-c',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in CPP Host', ('ragel-cpp',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in D Host', ('ragel-d',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelEmbeddedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Embedded Ragel', ('ragel-em',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Java Host', ('ragel-java',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel', ('ragel',), (), ()),
+    'RagelObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Objective C Host', ('ragel-objc',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Ruby Host', ('ragel-ruby', 'ragel-rb'), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RawTokenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Raw token data', (), (), ('application/x-pygments-tokens',)),
+    'RdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'Rd', ('rd',), ('*.Rd',), ('text/x-r-doc',)),
+    'ReasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'ReasonML', ('reasonml', 'reason'), ('*.re', '*.rei'), ('text/x-reasonml',)),
+    'RebolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'REBOL', ('rebol',), ('*.r', '*.r3', '*.reb'), ('text/x-rebol',)),
+    'RedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'Red', ('red', 'red/system'), ('*.red', '*.reds'), ('text/x-red', 'text/x-red-system')),
+    'RedcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Redcode', ('redcode',), ('*.cw',), ()),
+    'RegeditLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'reg', ('registry',), ('*.reg',), ('text/x-windows-registry',)),
+    'ResourceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.resource', 'ResourceBundle', ('resourcebundle', 'resource'), (), ()),
+    'RexxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Rexx', ('rexx', 'arexx'), ('*.rexx', '*.rex', '*.rx', '*.arexx'), ('text/x-rexx',)),
+    'RhtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'RHTML', ('rhtml', 'html+erb', 'html+ruby'), ('*.rhtml',), ('text/html+ruby',)),
+    'RideLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ride', 'Ride', ('ride',), ('*.ride',), ('text/x-ride',)),
+    'RitaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rita', 'Rita', ('rita',), ('*.rita',), ('text/rita',)),
+    'RoboconfGraphLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Graph', ('roboconf-graph',), ('*.graph',), ()),
+    'RoboconfInstancesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Instances', ('roboconf-instances',), ('*.instances',), ()),
+    'RobotFrameworkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.robotframework', 'RobotFramework', ('robotframework',), ('*.robot', '*.resource'), ('text/x-robotframework',)),
+    'RqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'RQL', ('rql',), ('*.rql',), ('text/x-rql',)),
+    'RslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'RSL', ('rsl',), ('*.rsl',), ('text/rsl',)),
+    'RstLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'reStructuredText', ('restructuredtext', 'rst', 'rest'), ('*.rst', '*.rest'), ('text/x-rst', 'text/prs.fallenstein.rst')),
+    'RtsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.trafficscript', 'TrafficScript', ('trafficscript', 'rts'), ('*.rts',), ()),
+    'RubyConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby irb session', ('rbcon', 'irb'), (), ('text/x-ruby-shellsession',)),
+    'RubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby', ('ruby', 'rb', 'duby'), ('*.rb', '*.rbw', 'Rakefile', '*.rake', '*.gemspec', '*.rbx', '*.duby', 'Gemfile', 'Vagrantfile'), ('text/x-ruby', 'application/x-ruby')),
+    'RustLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rust', 'Rust', ('rust', 'rs'), ('*.rs', '*.rs.in'), ('text/rust', 'text/x-rust')),
+    'SASLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sas', 'SAS', ('sas',), ('*.SAS', '*.sas'), ('text/x-sas', 'text/sas', 'application/x-sas')),
+    'SLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'S', ('splus', 's', 'r'), ('*.S', '*.R', '.Rhistory', '.Rprofile', '.Renviron'), ('text/S-plus', 'text/S', 'text/x-r-source', 'text/x-r', 'text/x-R', 'text/x-r-history', 'text/x-r-profile')),
+    'SMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Standard ML', ('sml',), ('*.sml', '*.sig', '*.fun'), ('text/x-standardml', 'application/x-standardml')),
+    'SNBTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'SNBT', ('snbt',), ('*.snbt',), ('text/snbt',)),
+    'SarlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'SARL', ('sarl',), ('*.sarl',), ('text/x-sarl',)),
+    'SassLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'Sass', ('sass',), ('*.sass',), ('text/x-sass',)),
+    'SaviLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.savi', 'Savi', ('savi',), ('*.savi',), ()),
+    'ScalaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Scala', ('scala',), ('*.scala',), ('text/x-scala',)),
+    'ScamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Scaml', ('scaml',), ('*.scaml',), ('text/x-scaml',)),
+    'ScdocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scdoc', 'scdoc', ('scdoc', 'scd'), ('*.scd', '*.scdoc'), ()),
+    'SchemeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Scheme', ('scheme', 'scm'), ('*.scm', '*.ss'), ('text/x-scheme', 'application/x-scheme')),
+    'ScilabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Scilab', ('scilab',), ('*.sci', '*.sce', '*.tst'), ('text/scilab',)),
+    'ScssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'SCSS', ('scss',), ('*.scss',), ('text/x-scss',)),
+    'SedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Sed', ('sed', 'gsed', 'ssed'), ('*.sed', '*.[gs]sed'), ('text/x-sed',)),
+    'ShExCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'ShExC', ('shexc', 'shex'), ('*.shex',), ('text/shex',)),
+    'ShenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Shen', ('shen',), ('*.shen',), ('text/x-shen', 'application/x-shen')),
+    'SieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sieve', 'Sieve', ('sieve',), ('*.siv', '*.sieve'), ()),
+    'SilverLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Silver', ('silver',), ('*.sil', '*.vpr'), ()),
+    'SingularityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Singularity', ('singularity',), ('*.def', 'Singularity'), ()),
+    'SlashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.slash', 'Slash', ('slash',), ('*.sla',), ()),
+    'SlimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Slim', ('slim',), ('*.slim',), ('text/x-slim',)),
+    'SlurmBashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Slurm', ('slurm', 'sbatch'), ('*.sl',), ()),
+    'SmaliLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dalvik', 'Smali', ('smali',), ('*.smali',), ('text/smali',)),
+    'SmalltalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Smalltalk', ('smalltalk', 'squeak', 'st'), ('*.st',), ('text/x-smalltalk',)),
+    'SmartGameFormatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sgf', 'SmartGameFormat', ('sgf',), ('*.sgf',), ()),
+    'SmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Smarty', ('smarty',), ('*.tpl',), ('application/x-smarty',)),
+    'SmithyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smithy', 'Smithy', ('smithy',), ('*.smithy',), ()),
+    'SnobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.snobol', 'Snobol', ('snobol',), ('*.snobol',), ('text/x-snobol',)),
+    'SnowballLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Snowball', ('snowball',), ('*.sbl',), ()),
+    'SolidityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.solidity', 'Solidity', ('solidity',), ('*.sol',), ()),
+    'SoongLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.soong', 'Soong', ('androidbp', 'bp', 'soong'), ('Android.bp',), ()),
+    'SophiaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sophia', 'Sophia', ('sophia',), ('*.aes',), ()),
+    'SourcePawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'SourcePawn', ('sp',), ('*.sp',), ('text/x-sourcepawn',)),
+    'SourcesListLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Sourcelist', ('debsources', 'sourceslist', 'sources.list'), ('sources.list',), ()),
+    'SparqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'SPARQL', ('sparql',), ('*.rq', '*.sparql'), ('application/sparql-query',)),
+    'SpiceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.spice', 'Spice', ('spice', 'spicelang'), ('*.spice',), ('text/x-spice',)),
+    'SqlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'SQL+Jinja', ('sql+jinja',), ('*.sql', '*.sql.j2', '*.sql.jinja2'), ()),
+    'SqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'SQL', ('sql',), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-sql',)),
+    'SqliteConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'sqlite3con', ('sqlite3',), ('*.sqlite3-console',), ('text/x-sqlite3-console',)),
+    'SquidConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'SquidConf', ('squidconf', 'squid.conf', 'squid'), ('squid.conf',), ('text/x-squidconf',)),
+    'SrcinfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.srcinfo', 'Srcinfo', ('srcinfo',), ('.SRCINFO',), ()),
+    'SspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Scalate Server Page', ('ssp',), ('*.ssp',), ('application/x-ssp',)),
+    'StanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Stan', ('stan',), ('*.stan',), ()),
+    'StataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.stata', 'Stata', ('stata', 'do'), ('*.do', '*.ado'), ('text/x-stata', 'text/stata', 'application/x-stata')),
+    'SuperColliderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.supercollider', 'SuperCollider', ('supercollider', 'sc'), ('*.sc', '*.scd'), ('application/supercollider', 'text/supercollider')),
+    'SwiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Swift', ('swift',), ('*.swift',), ('text/x-swift',)),
+    'SwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'SWIG', ('swig',), ('*.swg', '*.i'), ('text/swig',)),
+    'SystemVerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'systemverilog', ('systemverilog', 'sv'), ('*.sv', '*.svh'), ('text/x-systemverilog',)),
+    'SystemdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Systemd', ('systemd',), ('*.service', '*.socket', '*.device', '*.mount', '*.automount', '*.swap', '*.target', '*.path', '*.timer', '*.slice', '*.scope'), ()),
+    'TAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'TAP', ('tap',), ('*.tap',), ()),
+    'TNTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tnt', 'Typographic Number Theory', ('tnt',), ('*.tnt',), ()),
+    'TOMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'TOML', ('toml',), ('*.toml', 'Pipfile', 'poetry.lock'), ('application/toml',)),
+    'TactLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tact', 'Tact', ('tact',), ('*.tact',), ()),
+    'Tads3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'TADS 3', ('tads3',), ('*.t',), ()),
+    'TalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tal', 'Tal', ('tal', 'uxntal'), ('*.tal',), ('text/x-uxntal',)),
+    'TasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'TASM', ('tasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.tasm'), ('text/x-tasm',)),
+    'TclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tcl', 'Tcl', ('tcl',), ('*.tcl', '*.rvt'), ('text/x-tcl', 'text/x-script.tcl', 'application/x-tcl')),
+    'TcshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh', ('tcsh', 'csh'), ('*.tcsh', '*.csh'), ('application/x-csh',)),
+    'TcshSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh Session', ('tcshcon',), (), ()),
+    'TeaTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Tea', ('tea',), ('*.tea',), ('text/x-tea',)),
+    'TealLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teal', 'teal', ('teal',), ('*.teal',), ()),
+    'TeraTermLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teraterm', 'Tera Term macro', ('teratermmacro', 'teraterm', 'ttl'), ('*.ttl',), ('text/x-teratermmacro',)),
+    'TermcapLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Termcap', ('termcap',), ('termcap', 'termcap.src'), ()),
+    'TerminfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terminfo', ('terminfo',), ('terminfo', 'terminfo.src'), ()),
+    'TerraformLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terraform', ('terraform', 'tf', 'hcl'), ('*.tf', '*.hcl'), ('application/x-tf', 'application/x-terraform')),
+    'TexLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'TeX', ('tex', 'latex'), ('*.tex', '*.aux', '*.toc'), ('text/x-tex', 'text/x-latex')),
+    'TextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text only', ('text',), ('*.txt',), ('text/plain',)),
+    'ThingsDBLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.thingsdb', 'ThingsDB', ('ti', 'thingsdb'), ('*.ti',), ()),
+    'ThriftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Thrift', ('thrift',), ('*.thrift',), ('application/x-thrift',)),
+    'TiddlyWiki5Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'tiddler', ('tid',), ('*.tid',), ('text/vnd.tiddlywiki',)),
+    'TlbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tlb', 'Tl-b', ('tlb',), ('*.tlb',), ()),
+    'TlsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tls', 'TLS Presentation Language', ('tls',), (), ()),
+    'TodotxtLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Todotxt', ('todotxt',), ('todo.txt', '*.todotxt'), ('text/x-todo',)),
+    'TransactSqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'Transact-SQL', ('tsql', 't-sql'), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-tsql',)),
+    'TreetopLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Treetop', ('treetop',), ('*.treetop', '*.tt'), ()),
+    'TurtleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'Turtle', ('turtle',), ('*.ttl',), ('text/turtle', 'application/x-turtle')),
+    'TwigHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Twig', ('html+twig',), ('*.twig',), ('text/html+twig',)),
+    'TwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Twig', ('twig',), (), ('application/x-twig',)),
+    'TypeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'TypeScript', ('typescript', 'ts'), ('*.ts',), ('application/x-typescript', 'text/x-typescript')),
+    'TypoScriptCssDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptCssData', ('typoscriptcssdata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptHtmlDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptHtmlData', ('typoscripthtmldata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScript', ('typoscript',), ('*.typoscript',), ('text/x-typoscript',)),
+    'TypstLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typst', 'Typst', ('typst',), ('*.typ',), ('text/x-typst',)),
+    'UL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'UL4', ('ul4',), ('*.ul4',), ()),
+    'UcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'ucode', ('ucode',), ('*.u', '*.u1', '*.u2'), ()),
+    'UniconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Unicon', ('unicon',), ('*.icn',), ('text/unicon',)),
+    'UnixConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Unix/Linux config files', ('unixconfig', 'linuxconfig'), (), ()),
+    'UrbiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.urbi', 'UrbiScript', ('urbiscript',), ('*.u',), ('application/x-urbiscript',)),
+    'UrlEncodedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'urlencoded', ('urlencoded',), (), ('application/x-www-form-urlencoded',)),
+    'UsdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.usd', 'USD', ('usd', 'usda'), ('*.usd', '*.usda'), ()),
+    'VBScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'VBScript', ('vbscript',), ('*.vbs', '*.VBS'), ()),
+    'VCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCL', ('vcl',), ('*.vcl',), ('text/x-vclsrc',)),
+    'VCLSnippetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCLSnippets', ('vclsnippets', 'vclsnippet'), (), ('text/x-vclsnippet',)),
+    'VCTreeStatusLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'VCTreeStatus', ('vctreestatus',), (), ()),
+    'VGLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'VGL', ('vgl',), ('*.rpf',), ()),
+    'ValaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Vala', ('vala', 'vapi'), ('*.vala', '*.vapi'), ('text/x-vala',)),
+    'VbNetAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-vb', ('aspx-vb',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'VbNetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'VB.net', ('vb.net', 'vbnet', 'lobas', 'oobas', 'sobas', 'visual-basic', 'visualbasic'), ('*.vb', '*.bas'), ('text/x-vbnet', 'text/x-vba')),
+    'VelocityHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Velocity', ('html+velocity',), (), ('text/html+velocity',)),
+    'VelocityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Velocity', ('velocity',), ('*.vm', '*.fhtml'), ()),
+    'VelocityXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Velocity', ('xml+velocity',), (), ('application/xml+velocity',)),
+    'VerifpalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verifpal', 'Verifpal', ('verifpal',), ('*.vp',), ('text/x-verifpal',)),
+    'VerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'verilog', ('verilog', 'v'), ('*.v',), ('text/x-verilog',)),
+    'VhdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'vhdl', ('vhdl',), ('*.vhdl', '*.vhd'), ('text/x-vhdl',)),
+    'VimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'VimL', ('vim',), ('*.vim', '.vimrc', '.exrc', '.gvimrc', '_vimrc', '_exrc', '_gvimrc', 'vimrc', 'gvimrc'), ('text/x-vim',)),
+    'VisualPrologGrammarLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.vip', 'Visual Prolog Grammar', ('visualprologgrammar',), ('*.vipgrm',), ()),
+    'VisualPrologLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.vip', 'Visual Prolog', ('visualprolog',), ('*.pro', '*.cl', '*.i', '*.pack', '*.ph'), ()),
+    'VyperLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.vyper', 'Vyper', ('vyper',), ('*.vy',), ()),
+    'WDiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'WDiff', ('wdiff',), ('*.wdiff',), ()),
+    'WatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webassembly', 'WebAssembly', ('wast', 'wat'), ('*.wat', '*.wast'), ()),
+    'WebIDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webidl', 'Web IDL', ('webidl',), ('*.webidl',), ()),
+    'WgslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wgsl', 'WebGPU Shading Language', ('wgsl',), ('*.wgsl',), ('text/wgsl',)),
+    'WhileyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.whiley', 'Whiley', ('whiley',), ('*.whiley',), ('text/x-whiley',)),
+    'WikitextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Wikitext', ('wikitext', 'mediawiki'), (), ('text/x-wiki',)),
+    'WoWTocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wowtoc', 'World of Warcraft TOC', ('wowtoc',), ('*.toc',), ()),
+    'WrenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wren', 'Wren', ('wren',), ('*.wren',), ()),
+    'X10Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.x10', 'X10', ('x10', 'xten'), ('*.x10',), ('text/x-x10',)),
+    'XMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'XML+UL4', ('xml+ul4',), ('*.xmlul4',), ()),
+    'XQueryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'XQuery', ('xquery', 'xqy', 'xq', 'xql', 'xqm'), ('*.xqy', '*.xquery', '*.xq', '*.xql', '*.xqm'), ('text/xquery', 'application/xquery')),
+    'XmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Django/Jinja', ('xml+django', 'xml+jinja'), ('*.xml.j2', '*.xml.jinja2'), ('application/xml+django', 'application/xml+jinja')),
+    'XmlErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Ruby', ('xml+ruby', 'xml+erb'), (), ('application/xml+ruby',)),
+    'XmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XML', ('xml',), ('*.xml', '*.xsl', '*.rss', '*.xslt', '*.xsd', '*.wsdl', '*.wsf'), ('text/xml', 'application/xml', 'image/svg+xml', 'application/rss+xml', 'application/atom+xml')),
+    'XmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+PHP', ('xml+php',), (), ('application/xml+php',)),
+    'XmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Smarty', ('xml+smarty',), (), ('application/xml+smarty',)),
+    'XorgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.xorg', 'Xorg', ('xorg.conf',), ('xorg.conf',), ()),
+    'XppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'X++', ('xpp', 'x++'), ('*.xpp',), ()),
+    'XsltLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XSLT', ('xslt',), ('*.xsl', '*.xslt', '*.xpl'), ('application/xsl+xml', 'application/xslt+xml')),
+    'XtendLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Xtend', ('xtend',), ('*.xtend',), ('text/x-xtend',)),
+    'XtlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'xtlang', ('extempore',), ('*.xtm',), ()),
+    'YamlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'YAML+Jinja', ('yaml+jinja', 'salt', 'sls'), ('*.sls', '*.yaml.j2', '*.yml.j2', '*.yaml.jinja2', '*.yml.jinja2'), ('text/x-yaml+jinja', 'text/x-sls')),
+    'YamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'YAML', ('yaml',), ('*.yaml', '*.yml'), ('text/x-yaml',)),
+    'YangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.yang', 'YANG', ('yang',), ('*.yang',), ('application/yang',)),
+    'YaraLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.yara', 'YARA', ('yara', 'yar'), ('*.yar',), ('text/x-yara',)),
+    'ZeekLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Zeek', ('zeek', 'bro'), ('*.zeek', '*.bro'), ()),
+    'ZephirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'Zephir', ('zephir',), ('*.zep',), ()),
+    'ZigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.zig', 'Zig', ('zig',), ('*.zig',), ('text/zig',)),
+    'apdlexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apdlexer', 'ANSYS parametric design language', ('ansys', 'apdl'), ('*.ans',), ()),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2d07f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers.python
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Lexers for Python and related languages.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import keyword
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import DelegatingLexer, RegexLexer, include, \
+    bygroups, using, default, words, combined, this
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, shebang_matches
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
+    Number, Punctuation, Generic, Other, Error, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments import unistring as uni
+
+__all__ = ['PythonLexer', 'PythonConsoleLexer', 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+           'Python2Lexer', 'Python2TracebackLexer',
+           'CythonLexer', 'DgLexer', 'NumPyLexer']
+
+
+class PythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python source code (version 3.x).
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonLexer``.  It is still available as the
+       alias ``Python3Lexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python'
+    url = 'https://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3', 'bazel', 'starlark']
+    filenames = [
+        '*.py',
+        '*.pyw',
+        # Type stubs
+        '*.pyi',
+        # Jython
+        '*.jy',
+        # Sage
+        '*.sage',
+        # SCons
+        '*.sc',
+        'SConstruct',
+        'SConscript',
+        # Skylark/Starlark (used by Bazel, Buck, and Pants)
+        '*.bzl',
+        'BUCK',
+        'BUILD',
+        'BUILD.bazel',
+        'WORKSPACE',
+        # Twisted Application infrastructure
+        '*.tac',
+    ]
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python', 'application/x-python',
+                 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3']
+    version_added = '0.10'
+
+    uni_name = f"[{uni.xid_start}][{uni.xid_continue}]*"
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting (still valid in Py3)
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsaux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # the new style '{}'.format(...) string formatting
+            (r'\{'
+             r'((\w+)((\.\w+)|(\[[^\]]+\]))*)?'  # field name
+             r'(\![sra])?'                       # conversion
+             r'(\:(.?[<>=\^])?[-+ ]?#?0?(\d+)?,?(\.\d+)?[E-GXb-gnosx%]?)?'
+             r'\}', String.Interpol),
+
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%{\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%|(\{{1,2})', ttype)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    def fstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # Assuming that a '}' is the closing brace after format specifier.
+            # Sadly, this means that we won't detect syntax error. But it's
+            # more important to parse correct syntax correctly, than to
+            # highlight invalid syntax.
+            (r'\}', String.Interpol),
+            (r'\{', String.Interpol, 'expr-inside-fstring'),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"{}\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            include('keywords'),
+            include('soft-keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr': [
+            # raw f-strings
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # non-raw f-strings
+            ('([fF])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("([fF])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('([fF])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("([fF])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # raw bytes and strings
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            # non-raw strings
+            ('([uU]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uU]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            # non-raw bytes
+            ('([bB])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([bB])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([bB])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([bB])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'sqs')),
+
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            include('numbers'),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|:=|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            include('expr-keywords'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('name'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            # without format specifier
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r'\}', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            # with format specifier
+            # we'll catch the remaining '}' in the outer scope
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r':', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring-inner': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            (r'[])}]', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-keywords': [
+            # Based on https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
+            (words((
+                'async for', 'await', 'else', 'for', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'yield', 'yield from'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'pass', 'raise', 'nonlocal', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords': [
+            # `match`, `case` and `_` soft keywords
+            (r'(^[ \t]*)'              # at beginning of line + possible indentation
+             r'(match|case)\b'         # a possible keyword
+             r'(?![ \t]*(?:'           # not followed by...
+             r'[:,;=^&|@~)\]}]|(?:' +  # characters and keywords that mean this isn't
+                                       # pattern matching (but None/True/False is ok)
+             r'|'.join(k for k in keyword.kwlist if k[0].islower()) + r')\b))',
+             bygroups(Text, Keyword), 'soft-keywords-inner'),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords-inner': [
+            # optional `_` keyword
+            (r'(\s+)([^\n_]*)(_\b)', bygroups(Whitespace, using(this), Keyword)),
+            default('#pop')
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'aiter', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray',
+                'breakpoint', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval',
+                'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max',
+                'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'property', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set',
+                'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super',
+                'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|cls)\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'DeprecationWarning',
+                'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'FloatingPointError',
+                'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError',
+                'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'KeyError',
+                'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError',
+                'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError',
+                # new builtin exceptions from PEP 3151
+                'BlockingIOError', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionError',
+                'BrokenPipeError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionRefusedError',
+                'ConnectionResetError', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError',
+                'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'NotADirectoryError',
+                'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'TimeoutError',
+                # others new in Python 3
+                'StopAsyncIteration', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'RecursionError',
+                'EncodingWarning'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__aenter__', '__aexit__', '__aiter__',
+                '__and__', '__anext__', '__await__', '__bool__', '__bytes__',
+                '__call__', '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__',
+                '__delete__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__',
+                '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattr__', '__getattribute__',
+                '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__iand__',
+                '__ifloordiv__', '__ilshift__', '__imatmul__', '__imod__',
+                '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__', '__instancecheck__',
+                '__int__', '__invert__', '__ior__', '__ipow__', '__irshift__',
+                '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__', '__ixor__', '__le__',
+                '__len__', '__length_hint__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__matmul__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__',
+                '__new__', '__next__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__prepare__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmatmul__',
+                '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__',
+                '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__',
+                '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__str__',
+                '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__annotations__', '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__',
+                '__code__', '__defaults__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__',
+                '__func__', '__globals__', '__kwdefaults__', '__module__',
+                '__mro__', '__name__', '__objclass__', '__qualname__',
+                '__self__', '__slots__', '__weakref__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d(?:_?\d)*\.(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?|(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?\.\d(?:_?\d)*)'
+             r'([eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*[eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[oO](?:_?[0-7])+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB](?:_?[01])+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX](?:_?[a-fA-F0-9])+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*', Number.Integer),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@' + uni_name, Name.Decorator),
+            (r'@', Operator),  # new matrix multiplication operator
+            (uni_name, Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (uni_name, Name.Class, '#pop'),
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword.Namespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Keyword.Constant, '#pop'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'rfstringescape': [
+            (r'\{\{', String.Escape),
+            (r'\}\}', String.Escape),
+        ],
+        'fstringescape': [
+            include('rfstringescape'),
+            include('stringescape'),
+        ],
+        'bytesescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\(N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|U[a-fA-F0-9]{8})', String.Escape),
+            include('bytesescape')
+        ],
+        'fstrings-single': fstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'fstrings-double': fstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqf': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqf': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-single')
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqf': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqf': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or \
+            'import ' in text[:1000]
+
+
+Python3Lexer = PythonLexer
+
+
+class Python2Lexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 2.x source code.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonLexer``.  ``PythonLexer`` now
+       refers to the Python 3 variant.  File name patterns like ``*.py`` have
+       been moved to Python 3 as well.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x'
+    url = 'https://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python2', 'py2']
+    filenames = []  # now taken over by PythonLexer (3.x)
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2']
+    version_added = ''
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except',
+                'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda', 'pass',
+                'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod',
+                'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod',
+                'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit', 'file', 'filter', 'float',
+                'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id',
+                'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len',
+                'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'object',
+                'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce',
+                'reload', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice',
+                'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type',
+                'unichr', 'unicode', 'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|cls'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError', 'Warning',
+                'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__call__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',
+                '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__', '__delete__',
+                '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__ge__', '__get__',
+                '__getattr__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__',
+                '__hash__', '__hex__', '__iadd__', '__iand__', '__idiv__', '__ifloordiv__',
+                '__ilshift__', '__imod__', '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__',
+                '__instancecheck__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__iop__', '__ior__',
+                '__ipow__', '__irshift__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__',
+                '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__lt__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__',
+                '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__op__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rcmp__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__',
+                '__rop__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__',
+                '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',
+                '__setslice__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__unicode__', '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__',
+                '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__func__', '__globals__',
+                '__metaclass__', '__module__', '__mro__', '__name__', '__self__',
+                '__slots__', '__weakref__'),
+                suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d+[eE][+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[0-7]+j?', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB][01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+j?', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@[\w.]+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword.Namespace),
+            (r',', Operator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'import\b', Keyword.Namespace, '#pop'),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo, '#pop'),
+            # sadly, in "raise x from y" y will be highlighted as namespace too
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # anything else here also means "raise x from y" and is therefore
+            # not an error
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?2(\.\d)?')
+
+class _PythonConsoleLexerBase(RegexLexer):
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon', 'python-console']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+
+    """Auxiliary lexer for `PythonConsoleLexer`.
+
+    Code tokens are output as ``Token.Other.Code``, traceback tokens as
+    ``Token.Other.Traceback``.
+    """
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'(>>> )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code), 'continuations'),
+            # This happens, e.g., when tracebacks are embedded in documentation;
+            # trailing whitespaces are often stripped in such contexts.
+            (r'(>>>)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            (r'(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this
+            (r'  File "[^"]+", line \d+', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            (r'.*\n', Generic.Output),
+        ],
+        'continuations': [
+            (r'(\.\.\. )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code)),
+            # See above.
+            (r'(\.\.\.)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'traceback': [
+            # As soon as we see a traceback, consume everything until the next
+            # >>> prompt.
+            (r'(?=>>>( |$))', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'(KeyboardInterrupt)(\n)', bygroups(Name.Class, Whitespace)),
+            (r'.*\n', Other.Traceback),
+        ],
+    }
+
+class PythonConsoleLexer(DelegatingLexer):
+    """
+    For Python console output or doctests, such as:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: pycon
+
+        >>> a = 'foo'
+        >>> print(a)
+        foo
+        >>> 1 / 0
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+        ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+    Additional options:
+
+    `python3`
+        Use Python 3 lexer for code.  Default is ``True``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+           Now defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon', 'python-console']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+    url = 'https://python.org'
+    version_added = ''
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        python3 = get_bool_opt(options, 'python3', True)
+        if python3:
+            pylexer = PythonLexer
+            tblexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+        else:
+            pylexer = Python2Lexer
+            tblexer = Python2TracebackLexer
+        # We have two auxiliary lexers. Use DelegatingLexer twice with
+        # different tokens.  TODO: DelegatingLexer should support this
+        # directly, by accepting a tuplet of auxiliary lexers and a tuple of
+        # distinguishing tokens. Then we wouldn't need this intermediary
+        # class.
+        class _ReplaceInnerCode(DelegatingLexer):
+            def __init__(self, **options):
+                super().__init__(pylexer, _PythonConsoleLexerBase, Other.Code, **options)
+        super().__init__(tblexer, _ReplaceInnerCode, Other.Traceback, **options)
+
+class PythonTracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 3.x tracebacks, with support for chained exceptions.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonTracebackLexer``.  It is still available
+       as the alias ``Python3TracebackLexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python Traceback'
+    aliases = ['pytb', 'py3tb']
+    filenames = ['*.pytb', '*.py3tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback']
+    url = 'https://python.org'
+    version_added = '1.0'
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^During handling of the above exception, another '
+             r'exception occurred:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^The above exception was the direct cause of the '
+             r'following exception:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, using(PythonLexer), Whitespace), 'markers'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_][\w.]*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'markers': [
+            # Either `PEP 657 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0657/>`
+            # error locations in Python 3.11+, or single-caret markers
+            # for syntax errors before that.
+            (r'^( {4,})([~^]+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Punctuation.Marker, Whitespace),
+             '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+Python3TracebackLexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+
+
+class Python2TracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python tracebacks.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonTracebackLexer``.
+       ``PythonTracebackLexer`` now refers to the Python 3 variant.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x Traceback'
+    aliases = ['py2tb']
+    filenames = ['*.py2tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2-traceback']
+    url = 'https://python.org'
+    version_added = '0.7'
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            # Cover both (most recent call last) and (innermost last)
+            # The optional ^C allows us to catch keyboard interrupt signals.
+            (r'^(\^C)?(Traceback.*\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Generic.Traceback), 'intb'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this.
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, using(Python2Lexer), Whitespace), 'marker'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop')
+        ],
+        'marker': [
+            # For syntax errors.
+            (r'( {4,})(\^)', bygroups(Text, Punctuation.Marker), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class CythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Pyrex and Cython source code.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Cython'
+    url = 'https://cython.org'
+    aliases = ['cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex']
+    filenames = ['*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython']
+    version_added = '1.1'
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)("""(?:.|\n)*?""")', bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)('''(?:.|\n)*?''')", bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'(<)([a-zA-Z0-9.?]+)(>)',
+             bygroups(Punctuation, Keyword.Type, Punctuation)),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.?]', Operator),
+            (r'(from)(\d+)(<=)(\s+)(<)(\d+)(:)',
+             bygroups(Keyword, Number.Integer, Operator, Name, Operator,
+                      Name, Punctuation)),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def|property)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(cp?def)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'cdef'),
+            # (should actually start a block with only cdefs)
+            (r'(cdef)(:)', bygroups(Keyword, Punctuation)),
+            (r'(class|struct)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'fromimport'),
+            (r'(c?import)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"""', String, 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'''", String, 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"', String, 'dqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'", String, 'sqs'),
+            ('[uU]?"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('[uU]?"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'by', 'continue', 'ctypedef', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'except?', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'fused', 'gil',
+                'global', 'if', 'include', 'lambda', 'nogil', 'pass', 'print',
+                'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (r'(DEF|IF|ELIF|ELSE)\b', Comment.Preproc),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin', 'bint',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr',
+                'classmethod', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr',
+                'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit',
+                'file', 'filter', 'float', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max',
+                'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'Py_ssize_t',
+                'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce', 'reload', 'repr', 'reversed',
+                'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod',
+                'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'unichr', 'unicode', 'unsigned',
+                'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|NULL'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError',
+                'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'RuntimeError',
+                'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError',
+                'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError',
+                'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning',
+                'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.?\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0\d+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@\w+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'cdef': [
+            (r'(public|readonly|extern|api|inline)\b', Keyword.Reserved),
+            (r'(struct|enum|union|class)\b', Keyword),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(?=[(:#=]|$)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text), '#pop'),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(,)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text, Punctuation)),
+            (r'from\b', Keyword, '#pop'),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword),
+            (r':', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'(?=["\'])', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Keyword.Type),
+            (r'.', Text),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(c?import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword), '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # ``cdef foo from "header"``, or ``for foo from 0 < i < 10``
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings': [
+            (r'%(\([a-zA-Z0-9]+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ],
+        'nl': [
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class DgLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    Lexer for dg,
+    a functional and object-oriented programming language
+    running on the CPython 3 VM.
+    """
+    name = 'dg'
+    aliases = ['dg']
+    filenames = ['*.dg']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-dg']
+    url = 'http://pyos.github.io/dg'
+    version_added = '1.6'
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\s+', Text),
+            (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
+
+            (r'(?i)0b[01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'(?i)0o[0-7]+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(e[+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+e[+-]?\d+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Integer),
+
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs', 'string')),
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs', 'string')),
+
+            (r"`\w+'*`", Operator),
+            (r'\b(and|in|is|or|where)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'[!$%&*+\-./:<-@\\^|~;,]+', Operator),
+
+            (words((
+                'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'classmethod', 'complex', 'dict', 'dict\'',
+                'float', 'frozenset', 'int', 'list', 'list\'', 'memoryview', 'object',
+                'property', 'range', 'set', 'set\'', 'slice', 'staticmethod', 'str',
+                'super', 'tuple', 'tuple\'', 'type'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bind', 'chr', 'cmp', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dir', 'divmod', 'drop', 'dropwhile', 'enumerate',
+                'eval', 'exhaust', 'filter', 'flip', 'foldl1?', 'format', 'fst',
+                'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'head', 'hex', 'id', 'init',
+                'input', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'iterate', 'last', 'len',
+                'locals', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'setattr', 'scanl1?', 'snd',
+                'sorted', 'sum', 'tail', 'take', 'takewhile', 'vars', 'zip'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|None|True|False)(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+
+            (r"(?<!\.)[A-Z]\w*(Error|Exception|Warning)'*(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Exception),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(Exception|GeneratorExit|KeyboardInterrupt|StopIteration|"
+             r"SystemExit)(?!['\w])", Name.Exception),
+
+            (r"(?<![\w.])(except|finally|for|if|import|not|otherwise|raise|"
+             r"subclass|while|with|yield)(?!['\w])", Keyword.Reserved),
+
+            (r"[A-Z_]+'*(?!['\w])", Name),
+            (r"[A-Z]\w+'*(?!['\w])", Keyword.Type),
+            (r"\w+'*", Name),
+
+            (r'[()]', Punctuation),
+            (r'.', Error),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'string': [
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String),
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class NumPyLexer(PythonLexer):
+    """
+    A Python lexer recognizing Numerical Python builtins.
+    """
+
+    name = 'NumPy'
+    url = 'https://numpy.org/'
+    aliases = ['numpy']
+    version_added = '0.10'
+
+    # override the mimetypes to not inherit them from python
+    mimetypes = []
+    filenames = []
+
+    EXTRA_KEYWORDS = {
+        'abs', 'absolute', 'accumulate', 'add', 'alen', 'all', 'allclose',
+        'alltrue', 'alterdot', 'amax', 'amin', 'angle', 'any', 'append',
+        'apply_along_axis', 'apply_over_axes', 'arange', 'arccos', 'arccosh',
+        'arcsin', 'arcsinh', 'arctan', 'arctan2', 'arctanh', 'argmax', 'argmin',
+        'argsort', 'argwhere', 'around', 'array', 'array2string', 'array_equal',
+        'array_equiv', 'array_repr', 'array_split', 'array_str', 'arrayrange',
+        'asanyarray', 'asarray', 'asarray_chkfinite', 'ascontiguousarray',
+        'asfarray', 'asfortranarray', 'asmatrix', 'asscalar', 'astype',
+        'atleast_1d', 'atleast_2d', 'atleast_3d', 'average', 'bartlett',
+        'base_repr', 'beta', 'binary_repr', 'bincount', 'binomial',
+        'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_not', 'bitwise_or', 'bitwise_xor', 'blackman',
+        'bmat', 'broadcast', 'byte_bounds', 'bytes', 'byteswap', 'c_',
+        'can_cast', 'ceil', 'choose', 'clip', 'column_stack', 'common_type',
+        'compare_chararrays', 'compress', 'concatenate', 'conj', 'conjugate',
+        'convolve', 'copy', 'corrcoef', 'correlate', 'cos', 'cosh', 'cov',
+        'cross', 'cumprod', 'cumproduct', 'cumsum', 'delete', 'deprecate',
+        'diag', 'diagflat', 'diagonal', 'diff', 'digitize', 'disp', 'divide',
+        'dot', 'dsplit', 'dstack', 'dtype', 'dump', 'dumps', 'ediff1d', 'empty',
+        'empty_like', 'equal', 'exp', 'expand_dims', 'expm1', 'extract', 'eye',
+        'fabs', 'fastCopyAndTranspose', 'fft', 'fftfreq', 'fftshift', 'fill',
+        'finfo', 'fix', 'flat', 'flatnonzero', 'flatten', 'fliplr', 'flipud',
+        'floor', 'floor_divide', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fromarrays', 'frombuffer',
+        'fromfile', 'fromfunction', 'fromiter', 'frompyfunc', 'fromstring',
+        'generic', 'get_array_wrap', 'get_include', 'get_numarray_include',
+        'get_numpy_include', 'get_printoptions', 'getbuffer', 'getbufsize',
+        'geterr', 'geterrcall', 'geterrobj', 'getfield', 'gradient', 'greater',
+        'greater_equal', 'gumbel', 'hamming', 'hanning', 'histogram',
+        'histogram2d', 'histogramdd', 'hsplit', 'hstack', 'hypot', 'i0',
+        'identity', 'ifft', 'imag', 'index_exp', 'indices', 'inf', 'info',
+        'inner', 'insert', 'int_asbuffer', 'interp', 'intersect1d',
+        'intersect1d_nu', 'inv', 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'iscomplexobj',
+        'isfinite', 'isfortran', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isneginf', 'isposinf',
+        'isreal', 'isrealobj', 'isscalar', 'issctype', 'issubclass_',
+        'issubdtype', 'issubsctype', 'item', 'itemset', 'iterable', 'ix_',
+        'kaiser', 'kron', 'ldexp', 'left_shift', 'less', 'less_equal', 'lexsort',
+        'linspace', 'load', 'loads', 'loadtxt', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2',
+        'logical_and', 'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor', 'logspace',
+        'lstsq', 'mat', 'matrix', 'max', 'maximum', 'maximum_sctype',
+        'may_share_memory', 'mean', 'median', 'meshgrid', 'mgrid', 'min',
+        'minimum', 'mintypecode', 'mod', 'modf', 'msort', 'multiply', 'nan',
+        'nan_to_num', 'nanargmax', 'nanargmin', 'nanmax', 'nanmin', 'nansum',
+        'ndenumerate', 'ndim', 'ndindex', 'negative', 'newaxis', 'newbuffer',
+        'newbyteorder', 'nonzero', 'not_equal', 'obj2sctype', 'ogrid', 'ones',
+        'ones_like', 'outer', 'permutation', 'piecewise', 'pinv', 'pkgload',
+        'place', 'poisson', 'poly', 'poly1d', 'polyadd', 'polyder', 'polydiv',
+        'polyfit', 'polyint', 'polymul', 'polysub', 'polyval', 'power', 'prod',
+        'product', 'ptp', 'put', 'putmask', 'r_', 'randint', 'random_integers',
+        'random_sample', 'ranf', 'rank', 'ravel', 'real', 'real_if_close',
+        'recarray', 'reciprocal', 'reduce', 'remainder', 'repeat', 'require',
+        'reshape', 'resize', 'restoredot', 'right_shift', 'rint', 'roll',
+        'rollaxis', 'roots', 'rot90', 'round', 'round_', 'row_stack', 's_',
+        'sample', 'savetxt', 'sctype2char', 'searchsorted', 'seed', 'select',
+        'set_numeric_ops', 'set_printoptions', 'set_string_function',
+        'setbufsize', 'setdiff1d', 'seterr', 'seterrcall', 'seterrobj',
+        'setfield', 'setflags', 'setmember1d', 'setxor1d', 'shape',
+        'show_config', 'shuffle', 'sign', 'signbit', 'sin', 'sinc', 'sinh',
+        'size', 'slice', 'solve', 'sometrue', 'sort', 'sort_complex', 'source',
+        'split', 'sqrt', 'square', 'squeeze', 'standard_normal', 'std',
+        'subtract', 'sum', 'svd', 'swapaxes', 'take', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tensordot',
+        'test', 'tile', 'tofile', 'tolist', 'tostring', 'trace', 'transpose',
+        'trapz', 'tri', 'tril', 'trim_zeros', 'triu', 'true_divide', 'typeDict',
+        'typename', 'uniform', 'union1d', 'unique', 'unique1d', 'unravel_index',
+        'unwrap', 'vander', 'var', 'vdot', 'vectorize', 'view', 'vonmises',
+        'vsplit', 'vstack', 'weibull', 'where', 'who', 'zeros', 'zeros_like'
+    }
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        for index, token, value in \
+                PythonLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+            if token is Name and value in self.EXTRA_KEYWORDS:
+                yield index, Keyword.Pseudo, value
+            else:
+                yield index, token, value
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        ltext = text[:1000]
+        return (shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or
+                'import ' in ltext) \
+            and ('import numpy' in ltext or 'from numpy import' in ltext)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4d9fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""
+    pygments.modeline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A simple modeline parser (based on pymodeline).
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+__all__ = ['get_filetype_from_buffer']
+
+
+modeline_re = re.compile(r'''
+    (?: vi | vim | ex ) (?: [<=>]? \d* )? :
+    .* (?: ft | filetype | syn | syntax ) = ( [^:\s]+ )
+''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_line(l): # noqa: E741
+    m = modeline_re.search(l)
+    if m:
+        return m.group(1)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_buffer(buf, max_lines=5):
+    """
+    Scan the buffer for modelines and return filetype if one is found.
+    """
+    lines = buf.splitlines()
+    for line in lines[-1:-max_lines-1:-1]:
+        ret = get_filetype_from_line(line)
+        if ret:
+            return ret
+    for i in range(max_lines, -1, -1):
+        if i < len(lines):
+            ret = get_filetype_from_line(lines[i])
+            if ret:
+                return ret
+
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e462f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""
+    pygments.plugin
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments plugin interface.
+
+    lexer plugins::
+
+        [pygments.lexers]
+        yourlexer = yourmodule:YourLexer
+
+    formatter plugins::
+
+        [pygments.formatters]
+        yourformatter = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+        /.ext = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+
+    As you can see, you can define extensions for the formatter
+    with a leading slash.
+
+    syntax plugins::
+
+        [pygments.styles]
+        yourstyle = yourstyle:YourStyle
+
+    filter plugin::
+
+        [pygments.filter]
+        yourfilter = yourfilter:YourFilter
+
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+from importlib.metadata import entry_points
+
+LEXER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.lexers'
+FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.formatters'
+STYLE_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.styles'
+FILTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.filters'
+
+
+def iter_entry_points(group_name):
+    groups = entry_points()
+    if hasattr(groups, 'select'):
+        # New interface in Python 3.10 and newer versions of the
+        # importlib_metadata backport.
+        return groups.select(group=group_name)
+    else:
+        # Older interface, deprecated in Python 3.10 and recent
+        # importlib_metadata, but we need it in Python 3.8 and 3.9.
+        return groups.get(group_name, [])
+
+
+def find_plugin_lexers():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(LEXER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_formatters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_styles():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(STYLE_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_filters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FILTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c44eedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""
+    pygments.regexopt
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    An algorithm that generates optimized regexes for matching long lists of
+    literal strings.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from re import escape
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from itertools import groupby
+from operator import itemgetter
+
+CS_ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\[\^\\\-\]]')
+FIRST_ELEMENT = itemgetter(0)
+
+
+def make_charset(letters):
+    return '[' + CS_ESCAPE.sub(lambda m: '\\' + m.group(), ''.join(letters)) + ']'
+
+
+def regex_opt_inner(strings, open_paren):
+    """Return a regex that matches any string in the sorted list of strings."""
+    close_paren = open_paren and ')' or ''
+    # print strings, repr(open_paren)
+    if not strings:
+        # print '-> nothing left'
+        return ''
+    first = strings[0]
+    if len(strings) == 1:
+        # print '-> only 1 string'
+        return open_paren + escape(first) + close_paren
+    if not first:
+        # print '-> first string empty'
+        return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(strings[1:], '(?:') \
+            + '?' + close_paren
+    if len(first) == 1:
+        # multiple one-char strings? make a charset
+        oneletter = []
+        rest = []
+        for s in strings:
+            if len(s) == 1:
+                oneletter.append(s)
+            else:
+                rest.append(s)
+        if len(oneletter) > 1:  # do we have more than one oneletter string?
+            if rest:
+                # print '-> 1-character + rest'
+                return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(rest, '') + '|' \
+                    + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+            # print '-> only 1-character'
+            return open_paren + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+    prefix = commonprefix(strings)
+    if prefix:
+        plen = len(prefix)
+        # we have a prefix for all strings
+        # print '-> prefix:', prefix
+        return open_paren + escape(prefix) \
+            + regex_opt_inner([s[plen:] for s in strings], '(?:') \
+            + close_paren
+    # is there a suffix?
+    strings_rev = [s[::-1] for s in strings]
+    suffix = commonprefix(strings_rev)
+    if suffix:
+        slen = len(suffix)
+        # print '-> suffix:', suffix[::-1]
+        return open_paren \
+            + regex_opt_inner(sorted(s[:-slen] for s in strings), '(?:') \
+            + escape(suffix[::-1]) + close_paren
+    # recurse on common 1-string prefixes
+    # print '-> last resort'
+    return open_paren + \
+        '|'.join(regex_opt_inner(list(group[1]), '')
+                 for group in groupby(strings, lambda s: s[0] == first[0])) \
+        + close_paren
+
+
+def regex_opt(strings, prefix='', suffix=''):
+    """Return a compiled regex that matches any string in the given list.
+
+    The strings to match must be literal strings, not regexes.  They will be
+    regex-escaped.
+
+    *prefix* and *suffix* are pre- and appended to the final regex.
+    """
+    strings = sorted(strings)
+    return prefix + regex_opt_inner(strings, '(') + suffix
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..112da34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+    pygments.scanner
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    This library implements a regex based scanner. Some languages
+    like Pascal are easy to parse but have some keywords that
+    depend on the context. Because of this it's impossible to lex
+    that just by using a regular expression lexer like the
+    `RegexLexer`.
+
+    Have a look at the `DelphiLexer` to get an idea of how to use
+    this scanner.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+import re
+
+
+class EndOfText(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raise if end of text is reached and the user
+    tried to call a match function.
+    """
+
+
+class Scanner:
+    """
+    Simple scanner
+
+    All method patterns are regular expression strings (not
+    compiled expressions!)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, flags=0):
+        """
+        :param text:    The text which should be scanned
+        :param flags:   default regular expression flags
+        """
+        self.data = text
+        self.data_length = len(text)
+        self.start_pos = 0
+        self.pos = 0
+        self.flags = flags
+        self.last = None
+        self.match = None
+        self._re_cache = {}
+
+    def eos(self):
+        """`True` if the scanner reached the end of text."""
+        return self.pos >= self.data_length
+    eos = property(eos, eos.__doc__)
+
+    def check(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Apply `pattern` on the current position and return
+        the match object. (Doesn't touch pos). Use this for
+        lookahead.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        return self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+
+    def test(self, pattern):
+        """Apply a pattern on the current position and check
+        if it patches. Doesn't touch pos.
+        """
+        return self.check(pattern) is not None
+
+    def scan(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Scan the text for the given pattern and update pos/match
+        and related fields. The return value is a boolean that
+        indicates if the pattern matched. The matched value is
+        stored on the instance as ``match``, the last value is
+        stored as ``last``. ``start_pos`` is the position of the
+        pointer before the pattern was matched, ``pos`` is the
+        end position.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        self.last = self.match
+        m = self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+        if m is None:
+            return False
+        self.start_pos = m.start()
+        self.pos = m.end()
+        self.match = m.group()
+        return True
+
+    def get_char(self):
+        """Scan exactly one char."""
+        self.scan('.')
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %d/%d>' % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.pos,
+            self.data_length
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34077a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""
+    pygments.sphinxext
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Sphinx extension to generate automatic documentation of lexers,
+    formatters and filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+from sphinx.util.nodes import nested_parse_with_titles
+
+
+MODULEDOC = '''
+.. module:: %s
+
+%s
+%s
+'''
+
+LEXERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames:   %s
+    :MIME types:  %s
+
+    %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FMTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FILTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Name: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+
+class PygmentsDoc(Directive):
+    """
+    A directive to collect all lexers/formatters/filters and generate
+    autoclass directives for them.
+    """
+    has_content = False
+    required_arguments = 1
+    optional_arguments = 0
+    final_argument_whitespace = False
+    option_spec = {}
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.filenames = set()
+        if self.arguments[0] == 'lexers':
+            out = self.document_lexers()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'formatters':
+            out = self.document_formatters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'filters':
+            out = self.document_filters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'lexers_overview':
+            out = self.document_lexers_overview()
+        else:
+            raise Exception('invalid argument for "pygmentsdoc" directive')
+        node = nodes.compound()
+        vl = ViewList(out.split('\n'), source='')
+        nested_parse_with_titles(self.state, vl, node)
+        for fn in self.filenames:
+            self.state.document.settings.record_dependencies.add(fn)
+        return node.children
+
+    def document_lexers_overview(self):
+        """Generate a tabular overview of all lexers.
+
+        The columns are the lexer name, the extensions handled by this lexer
+        (or "None"), the aliases and a link to the lexer class."""
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import find_lexer_class
+        out = []
+
+        table = []
+
+        def format_link(name, url):
+            if url:
+                return f'`{name} <{url}>`_'
+            return name
+
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[1][1].lower()):
+            lexer_cls = find_lexer_class(data[1])
+            extensions = lexer_cls.filenames + lexer_cls.alias_filenames
+
+            table.append({
+                'name': format_link(data[1], lexer_cls.url),
+                'extensions': ', '.join(extensions).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                'aliases': ', '.join(data[2]),
+                'class': f'{data[0]}.{classname}'
+            })
+
+        column_names = ['name', 'extensions', 'aliases', 'class']
+        column_lengths = [max([len(row[column]) for row in table if row[column]])
+                          for column in column_names]
+
+        def write_row(*columns):
+            """Format a table row"""
+            out = []
+            for length, col in zip(column_lengths, columns):
+                if col:
+                    out.append(col.ljust(length))
+                else:
+                    out.append(' '*length)
+
+            return ' '.join(out)
+
+        def write_seperator():
+            """Write a table separator row"""
+            sep = ['='*c for c in column_lengths]
+            return write_row(*sep)
+
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        out.append(write_row('Name', 'Extension(s)', 'Short name(s)', 'Lexer class'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        for row in table:
+            out.append(write_row(
+                row['name'],
+                row['extensions'],
+                row['aliases'],
+                f':class:`~{row["class"]}`'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+
+        return '\n'.join(out)
+
+    def document_lexers(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        from pip._vendor import pygments
+        import inspect
+        import pathlib
+
+        out = []
+        modules = {}
+        moduledocstrings = {}
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            if not cls.__doc__:
+                print(f"Warning: {classname} does not have a docstring.")
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+
+            example_file = getattr(cls, '_example', None)
+            if example_file:
+                p = pathlib.Path(inspect.getabsfile(pygments)).parent.parent /\
+                    'tests' / 'examplefiles' / example_file
+                content = p.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+                if not content:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        f"Empty example file '{example_file}' for lexer "
+                        f"{classname}")
+
+                if data[2]:
+                    lexer_name = data[2][0]
+                    docstring += '\n\n    .. admonition:: Example\n'
+                    docstring += f'\n      .. code-block:: {lexer_name}\n\n'
+                    for line in content.splitlines():
+                        docstring += f'          {line}\n'
+
+            if cls.version_added:
+                version_line = f'.. versionadded:: {cls.version_added}'
+            else:
+                version_line = ''
+
+            modules.setdefault(module, []).append((
+                classname,
+                ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[4]) or 'None',
+                docstring,
+                version_line))
+            if module not in moduledocstrings:
+                moddoc = mod.__doc__
+                if isinstance(moddoc, bytes):
+                    moddoc = moddoc.decode('utf8')
+                moduledocstrings[module] = moddoc
+
+        for module, lexers in sorted(modules.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            if moduledocstrings[module] is None:
+                raise Exception(f"Missing docstring for {module}")
+            heading = moduledocstrings[module].splitlines()[4].strip().rstrip('.')
+            out.append(MODULEDOC % (module, heading, '-'*len(heading)))
+            for data in lexers:
+                out.append(LEXERDOC % data)
+
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_formatters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import FORMATTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for classname, data in sorted(FORMATTERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            heading = cls.__name__
+            out.append(FMTERDOC % (heading, ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                                   ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*') or 'None',
+                                   docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_filters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import FILTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for name, cls in FILTERS.items():
+            self.filenames.add(sys.modules[cls.__module__].__file__)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            out.append(FILTERDOC % (cls.__name__, name, docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_directive('pygmentsdoc', PygmentsDoc)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..076e63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"""
+    pygments.style
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic style object.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+
+# Default mapping of ansixxx to RGB colors.
+_ansimap = {
+    # dark
+    'ansiblack': '000000',
+    'ansired': '7f0000',
+    'ansigreen': '007f00',
+    'ansiyellow': '7f7fe0',
+    'ansiblue': '00007f',
+    'ansimagenta': '7f007f',
+    'ansicyan': '007f7f',
+    'ansigray': 'e5e5e5',
+    # normal
+    'ansibrightblack': '555555',
+    'ansibrightred': 'ff0000',
+    'ansibrightgreen': '00ff00',
+    'ansibrightyellow': 'ffff00',
+    'ansibrightblue': '0000ff',
+    'ansibrightmagenta': 'ff00ff',
+    'ansibrightcyan': '00ffff',
+    'ansiwhite': 'ffffff',
+}
+# mapping of deprecated #ansixxx colors to new color names
+_deprecated_ansicolors = {
+    # dark
+    '#ansiblack': 'ansiblack',
+    '#ansidarkred': 'ansired',
+    '#ansidarkgreen': 'ansigreen',
+    '#ansibrown': 'ansiyellow',
+    '#ansidarkblue': 'ansiblue',
+    '#ansipurple': 'ansimagenta',
+    '#ansiteal': 'ansicyan',
+    '#ansilightgray': 'ansigray',
+    # normal
+    '#ansidarkgray': 'ansibrightblack',
+    '#ansired': 'ansibrightred',
+    '#ansigreen': 'ansibrightgreen',
+    '#ansiyellow': 'ansibrightyellow',
+    '#ansiblue': 'ansibrightblue',
+    '#ansifuchsia': 'ansibrightmagenta',
+    '#ansiturquoise': 'ansibrightcyan',
+    '#ansiwhite': 'ansiwhite',
+}
+ansicolors = set(_ansimap)
+
+
+class StyleMeta(type):
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dct):
+        obj = type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)
+        for token in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            if token not in obj.styles:
+                obj.styles[token] = ''
+
+        def colorformat(text):
+            if text in ansicolors:
+                return text
+            if text[0:1] == '#':
+                col = text[1:]
+                if len(col) == 6:
+                    return col
+                elif len(col) == 3:
+                    return col[0] * 2 + col[1] * 2 + col[2] * 2
+            elif text == '':
+                return ''
+            elif text.startswith('var') or text.startswith('calc'):
+                return text
+            assert False, f"wrong color format {text!r}"
+
+        _styles = obj._styles = {}
+
+        for ttype in obj.styles:
+            for token in ttype.split():
+                if token in _styles:
+                    continue
+                ndef = _styles.get(token.parent, None)
+                styledefs = obj.styles.get(token, '').split()
+                if not ndef or token is None:
+                    ndef = ['', 0, 0, 0, '', '', 0, 0, 0]
+                elif 'noinherit' in styledefs and token is not Token:
+                    ndef = _styles[Token][:]
+                else:
+                    ndef = ndef[:]
+                _styles[token] = ndef
+                for styledef in obj.styles.get(token, '').split():
+                    if styledef == 'noinherit':
+                        pass
+                    elif styledef == 'bold':
+                        ndef[1] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nobold':
+                        ndef[1] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'italic':
+                        ndef[2] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'noitalic':
+                        ndef[2] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'underline':
+                        ndef[3] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nounderline':
+                        ndef[3] = 0
+                    elif styledef[:3] == 'bg:':
+                        ndef[4] = colorformat(styledef[3:])
+                    elif styledef[:7] == 'border:':
+                        ndef[5] = colorformat(styledef[7:])
+                    elif styledef == 'roman':
+                        ndef[6] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'sans':
+                        ndef[7] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'mono':
+                        ndef[8] = 1
+                    else:
+                        ndef[0] = colorformat(styledef)
+
+        return obj
+
+    def style_for_token(cls, token):
+        t = cls._styles[token]
+        ansicolor = bgansicolor = None
+        color = t[0]
+        if color in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            color = _deprecated_ansicolors[color]
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            ansicolor = color
+            color = _ansimap[color]
+        bgcolor = t[4]
+        if bgcolor in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            bgcolor = _deprecated_ansicolors[bgcolor]
+        if bgcolor in ansicolors:
+            bgansicolor = bgcolor
+            bgcolor = _ansimap[bgcolor]
+
+        return {
+            'color':        color or None,
+            'bold':         bool(t[1]),
+            'italic':       bool(t[2]),
+            'underline':    bool(t[3]),
+            'bgcolor':      bgcolor or None,
+            'border':       t[5] or None,
+            'roman':        bool(t[6]) or None,
+            'sans':         bool(t[7]) or None,
+            'mono':         bool(t[8]) or None,
+            'ansicolor':    ansicolor,
+            'bgansicolor':  bgansicolor,
+        }
+
+    def list_styles(cls):
+        return list(cls)
+
+    def styles_token(cls, ttype):
+        return ttype in cls._styles
+
+    def __iter__(cls):
+        for token in cls._styles:
+            yield token, cls.style_for_token(token)
+
+    def __len__(cls):
+        return len(cls._styles)
+
+
+class Style(metaclass=StyleMeta):
+
+    #: overall background color (``None`` means transparent)
+    background_color = '#ffffff'
+
+    #: highlight background color
+    highlight_color = '#ffffcc'
+
+    #: line number font color
+    line_number_color = 'inherit'
+
+    #: line number background color
+    line_number_background_color = 'transparent'
+
+    #: special line number font color
+    line_number_special_color = '#000000'
+
+    #: special line number background color
+    line_number_special_background_color = '#ffffc0'
+
+    #: Style definitions for individual token types.
+    styles = {}
+
+    #: user-friendly style name (used when selecting the style, so this
+    # should be all-lowercase, no spaces, hyphens)
+    name = 'unnamed'
+
+    aliases = []
+
+    # Attribute for lexers defined within Pygments. If set
+    # to True, the style is not shown in the style gallery
+    # on the website. This is intended for language-specific
+    # styles.
+    web_style_gallery_exclude = False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712f6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""
+    pygments.styles
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Contains built-in styles.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_styles
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles._mapping import STYLES
+
+#: A dictionary of built-in styles, mapping style names to
+#: ``'submodule::classname'`` strings.
+#: This list is deprecated. Use `pygments.styles.STYLES` instead
+STYLE_MAP = {v[1]: v[0].split('.')[-1] + '::' + k for k, v in STYLES.items()}
+
+#: Internal reverse mapping to make `get_style_by_name` more efficient
+_STYLE_NAME_TO_MODULE_MAP = {v[1]: (v[0], k) for k, v in STYLES.items()}
+
+
+def get_style_by_name(name):
+    """
+    Return a style class by its short name. The names of the builtin styles
+    are listed in :data:`pygments.styles.STYLE_MAP`.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no style of that name is
+    found.
+    """
+    if name in _STYLE_NAME_TO_MODULE_MAP:
+        mod, cls = _STYLE_NAME_TO_MODULE_MAP[name]
+        builtin = "yes"
+    else:
+        for found_name, style in find_plugin_styles():
+            if name == found_name:
+                return style
+        # perhaps it got dropped into our styles package
+        builtin = ""
+        mod = 'pygments.styles.' + name
+        cls = name.title() + "Style"
+
+    try:
+        mod = __import__(mod, None, None, [cls])
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f"Could not find style module {mod!r}" +
+                            (builtin and ", though it should be builtin")
+                            + ".")
+    try:
+        return getattr(mod, cls)
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise ClassNotFound(f"Could not find style class {cls!r} in style module.")
+
+
+def get_all_styles():
+    """Return a generator for all styles by name, both builtin and plugin."""
+    for v in STYLES.values():
+        yield v[1]
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_styles():
+        yield name
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/_mapping.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/_mapping.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/_mapping.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/_mapping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a7fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+STYLES = {
+    'AbapStyle': ('pygments.styles.abap', 'abap', ()),
+    'AlgolStyle': ('pygments.styles.algol', 'algol', ()),
+    'Algol_NuStyle': ('pygments.styles.algol_nu', 'algol_nu', ()),
+    'ArduinoStyle': ('pygments.styles.arduino', 'arduino', ()),
+    'AutumnStyle': ('pygments.styles.autumn', 'autumn', ()),
+    'BlackWhiteStyle': ('pygments.styles.bw', 'bw', ()),
+    'BorlandStyle': ('pygments.styles.borland', 'borland', ()),
+    'CoffeeStyle': ('pygments.styles.coffee', 'coffee', ()),
+    'ColorfulStyle': ('pygments.styles.colorful', 'colorful', ()),
+    'DefaultStyle': ('pygments.styles.default', 'default', ()),
+    'DraculaStyle': ('pygments.styles.dracula', 'dracula', ()),
+    'EmacsStyle': ('pygments.styles.emacs', 'emacs', ()),
+    'FriendlyGrayscaleStyle': ('pygments.styles.friendly_grayscale', 'friendly_grayscale', ()),
+    'FriendlyStyle': ('pygments.styles.friendly', 'friendly', ()),
+    'FruityStyle': ('pygments.styles.fruity', 'fruity', ()),
+    'GhDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.gh_dark', 'github-dark', ()),
+    'GruvboxDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.gruvbox', 'gruvbox-dark', ()),
+    'GruvboxLightStyle': ('pygments.styles.gruvbox', 'gruvbox-light', ()),
+    'IgorStyle': ('pygments.styles.igor', 'igor', ()),
+    'InkPotStyle': ('pygments.styles.inkpot', 'inkpot', ()),
+    'LightbulbStyle': ('pygments.styles.lightbulb', 'lightbulb', ()),
+    'LilyPondStyle': ('pygments.styles.lilypond', 'lilypond', ()),
+    'LovelaceStyle': ('pygments.styles.lovelace', 'lovelace', ()),
+    'ManniStyle': ('pygments.styles.manni', 'manni', ()),
+    'MaterialStyle': ('pygments.styles.material', 'material', ()),
+    'MonokaiStyle': ('pygments.styles.monokai', 'monokai', ()),
+    'MurphyStyle': ('pygments.styles.murphy', 'murphy', ()),
+    'NativeStyle': ('pygments.styles.native', 'native', ()),
+    'NordDarkerStyle': ('pygments.styles.nord', 'nord-darker', ()),
+    'NordStyle': ('pygments.styles.nord', 'nord', ()),
+    'OneDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.onedark', 'one-dark', ()),
+    'ParaisoDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.paraiso_dark', 'paraiso-dark', ()),
+    'ParaisoLightStyle': ('pygments.styles.paraiso_light', 'paraiso-light', ()),
+    'PastieStyle': ('pygments.styles.pastie', 'pastie', ()),
+    'PerldocStyle': ('pygments.styles.perldoc', 'perldoc', ()),
+    'RainbowDashStyle': ('pygments.styles.rainbow_dash', 'rainbow_dash', ()),
+    'RrtStyle': ('pygments.styles.rrt', 'rrt', ()),
+    'SasStyle': ('pygments.styles.sas', 'sas', ()),
+    'SolarizedDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.solarized', 'solarized-dark', ()),
+    'SolarizedLightStyle': ('pygments.styles.solarized', 'solarized-light', ()),
+    'StarofficeStyle': ('pygments.styles.staroffice', 'staroffice', ()),
+    'StataDarkStyle': ('pygments.styles.stata_dark', 'stata-dark', ()),
+    'StataLightStyle': ('pygments.styles.stata_light', 'stata-light', ()),
+    'TangoStyle': ('pygments.styles.tango', 'tango', ()),
+    'TracStyle': ('pygments.styles.trac', 'trac', ()),
+    'VimStyle': ('pygments.styles.vim', 'vim', ()),
+    'VisualStudioStyle': ('pygments.styles.vs', 'vs', ()),
+    'XcodeStyle': ('pygments.styles.xcode', 'xcode', ()),
+    'ZenburnStyle': ('pygments.styles.zenburn', 'zenburn', ()),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f78018a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"""
+    pygments.token
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic token types and the standard tokens.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+class _TokenType(tuple):
+    parent = None
+
+    def split(self):
+        buf = []
+        node = self
+        while node is not None:
+            buf.append(node)
+            node = node.parent
+        buf.reverse()
+        return buf
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # no need to call super.__init__
+        self.subtypes = set()
+
+    def __contains__(self, val):
+        return self is val or (
+            type(val) is self.__class__ and
+            val[:len(self)] == self
+        )
+
+    def __getattr__(self, val):
+        if not val or not val[0].isupper():
+            return tuple.__getattribute__(self, val)
+        new = _TokenType(self + (val,))
+        setattr(self, val, new)
+        self.subtypes.add(new)
+        new.parent = self
+        return new
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Token' + (self and '.' or '') + '.'.join(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+
+Token = _TokenType()
+
+# Special token types
+Text = Token.Text
+Whitespace = Text.Whitespace
+Escape = Token.Escape
+Error = Token.Error
+# Text that doesn't belong to this lexer (e.g. HTML in PHP)
+Other = Token.Other
+
+# Common token types for source code
+Keyword = Token.Keyword
+Name = Token.Name
+Literal = Token.Literal
+String = Literal.String
+Number = Literal.Number
+Punctuation = Token.Punctuation
+Operator = Token.Operator
+Comment = Token.Comment
+
+# Generic types for non-source code
+Generic = Token.Generic
+
+# String and some others are not direct children of Token.
+# alias them:
+Token.Token = Token
+Token.String = String
+Token.Number = Number
+
+
+def is_token_subtype(ttype, other):
+    """
+    Return True if ``ttype`` is a subtype of ``other``.
+
+    exists for backwards compatibility. use ``ttype in other`` now.
+    """
+    return ttype in other
+
+
+def string_to_tokentype(s):
+    """
+    Convert a string into a token type::
+
+        >>> string_to_token('String.Double')
+        Token.Literal.String.Double
+        >>> string_to_token('Token.Literal.Number')
+        Token.Literal.Number
+        >>> string_to_token('')
+        Token
+
+    Tokens that are already tokens are returned unchanged:
+
+        >>> string_to_token(String)
+        Token.Literal.String
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, _TokenType):
+        return s
+    if not s:
+        return Token
+    node = Token
+    for item in s.split('.'):
+        node = getattr(node, item)
+    return node
+
+
+# Map standard token types to short names, used in CSS class naming.
+# If you add a new item, please be sure to run this file to perform
+# a consistency check for duplicate values.
+STANDARD_TYPES = {
+    Token:                         '',
+
+    Text:                          '',
+    Whitespace:                    'w',
+    Escape:                        'esc',
+    Error:                         'err',
+    Other:                         'x',
+
+    Keyword:                       'k',
+    Keyword.Constant:              'kc',
+    Keyword.Declaration:           'kd',
+    Keyword.Namespace:             'kn',
+    Keyword.Pseudo:                'kp',
+    Keyword.Reserved:              'kr',
+    Keyword.Type:                  'kt',
+
+    Name:                          'n',
+    Name.Attribute:                'na',
+    Name.Builtin:                  'nb',
+    Name.Builtin.Pseudo:           'bp',
+    Name.Class:                    'nc',
+    Name.Constant:                 'no',
+    Name.Decorator:                'nd',
+    Name.Entity:                   'ni',
+    Name.Exception:                'ne',
+    Name.Function:                 'nf',
+    Name.Function.Magic:           'fm',
+    Name.Property:                 'py',
+    Name.Label:                    'nl',
+    Name.Namespace:                'nn',
+    Name.Other:                    'nx',
+    Name.Tag:                      'nt',
+    Name.Variable:                 'nv',
+    Name.Variable.Class:           'vc',
+    Name.Variable.Global:          'vg',
+    Name.Variable.Instance:        'vi',
+    Name.Variable.Magic:           'vm',
+
+    Literal:                       'l',
+    Literal.Date:                  'ld',
+
+    String:                        's',
+    String.Affix:                  'sa',
+    String.Backtick:               'sb',
+    String.Char:                   'sc',
+    String.Delimiter:              'dl',
+    String.Doc:                    'sd',
+    String.Double:                 's2',
+    String.Escape:                 'se',
+    String.Heredoc:                'sh',
+    String.Interpol:               'si',
+    String.Other:                  'sx',
+    String.Regex:                  'sr',
+    String.Single:                 's1',
+    String.Symbol:                 'ss',
+
+    Number:                        'm',
+    Number.Bin:                    'mb',
+    Number.Float:                  'mf',
+    Number.Hex:                    'mh',
+    Number.Integer:                'mi',
+    Number.Integer.Long:           'il',
+    Number.Oct:                    'mo',
+
+    Operator:                      'o',
+    Operator.Word:                 'ow',
+
+    Punctuation:                   'p',
+    Punctuation.Marker:            'pm',
+
+    Comment:                       'c',
+    Comment.Hashbang:              'ch',
+    Comment.Multiline:             'cm',
+    Comment.Preproc:               'cp',
+    Comment.PreprocFile:           'cpf',
+    Comment.Single:                'c1',
+    Comment.Special:               'cs',
+
+    Generic:                       'g',
+    Generic.Deleted:               'gd',
+    Generic.Emph:                  'ge',
+    Generic.Error:                 'gr',
+    Generic.Heading:               'gh',
+    Generic.Inserted:              'gi',
+    Generic.Output:                'go',
+    Generic.Prompt:                'gp',
+    Generic.Strong:                'gs',
+    Generic.Subheading:            'gu',
+    Generic.EmphStrong:            'ges',
+    Generic.Traceback:             'gt',
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2c3523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""
+    pygments.unistring
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Strings of all Unicode characters of a certain category.
+    Used for matching in Unicode-aware languages. Run to regenerate.
+
+    Inspired by chartypes_create.py from the MoinMoin project.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+Cc = '\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f'
+
+Cf = '\xad\u0600-\u0605\u061c\u06dd\u070f\u08e2\u180e\u200b-\u200f\u202a-\u202e\u2060-\u2064\u2066-\u206f\ufeff\ufff9-\ufffb\U000110bd\U000110cd\U0001bca0-\U0001bca3\U0001d173-\U0001d17a\U000e0001\U000e0020-\U000e007f'
+
+Cn = '\u0378-\u0379\u0380-\u0383\u038b\u038d\u03a2\u0530\u0557-\u0558\u058b-\u058c\u0590\u05c8-\u05cf\u05eb-\u05ee\u05f5-\u05ff\u061d\u070e\u074b-\u074c\u07b2-\u07bf\u07fb-\u07fc\u082e-\u082f\u083f\u085c-\u085d\u085f\u086b-\u089f\u08b5\u08be-\u08d2\u0984\u098d-\u098e\u0991-\u0992\u09a9\u09b1\u09b3-\u09b5\u09ba-\u09bb\u09c5-\u09c6\u09c9-\u09ca\u09cf-\u09d6\u09d8-\u09db\u09de\u09e4-\u09e5\u09ff-\u0a00\u0a04\u0a0b-\u0a0e\u0a11-\u0a12\u0a29\u0a31\u0a34\u0a37\u0a3a-\u0a3b\u0a3d\u0a43-\u0a46\u0a49-\u0a4a\u0a4e-\u0a50\u0a52-\u0a58\u0a5d\u0a5f-\u0a65\u0a77-\u0a80\u0a84\u0a8e\u0a92\u0aa9\u0ab1\u0ab4\u0aba-\u0abb\u0ac6\u0aca\u0ace-\u0acf\u0ad1-\u0adf\u0ae4-\u0ae5\u0af2-\u0af8\u0b00\u0b04\u0b0d-\u0b0e\u0b11-\u0b12\u0b29\u0b31\u0b34\u0b3a-\u0b3b\u0b45-\u0b46\u0b49-\u0b4a\u0b4e-\u0b55\u0b58-\u0b5b\u0b5e\u0b64-\u0b65\u0b78-\u0b81\u0b84\u0b8b-\u0b8d\u0b91\u0b96-\u0b98\u0b9b\u0b9d\u0ba0-\u0ba2\u0ba5-\u0ba7\u0bab-\u0bad\u0bba-\u0bbd\u0bc3-\u0bc5\u0bc9\u0bce-\u0bcf\u0bd1-\u0bd6\u0bd8-\u0be5\u0bfb-\u0bff\u0c0d\u0c11\u0c29\u0c3a-\u0c3c\u0c45\u0c49\u0c4e-\u0c54\u0c57\u0c5b-\u0c5f\u0c64-\u0c65\u0c70-\u0c77\u0c8d\u0c91\u0ca9\u0cb4\u0cba-\u0cbb\u0cc5\u0cc9\u0cce-\u0cd4\u0cd7-\u0cdd\u0cdf\u0ce4-\u0ce5\u0cf0\u0cf3-\u0cff\u0d04\u0d0d\u0d11\u0d45\u0d49\u0d50-\u0d53\u0d64-\u0d65\u0d80-\u0d81\u0d84\u0d97-\u0d99\u0db2\u0dbc\u0dbe-\u0dbf\u0dc7-\u0dc9\u0dcb-\u0dce\u0dd5\u0dd7\u0de0-\u0de5\u0df0-\u0df1\u0df5-\u0e00\u0e3b-\u0e3e\u0e5c-\u0e80\u0e83\u0e85-\u0e86\u0e89\u0e8b-\u0e8c\u0e8e-\u0e93\u0e98\u0ea0\u0ea4\u0ea6\u0ea8-\u0ea9\u0eac\u0eba\u0ebe-\u0ebf\u0ec5\u0ec7\u0ece-\u0ecf\u0eda-\u0edb\u0ee0-\u0eff\u0f48\u0f6d-\u0f70\u0f98\u0fbd\u0fcd\u0fdb-\u0fff\u10c6\u10c8-\u10cc\u10ce-\u10cf\u1249\u124e-\u124f\u1257\u1259\u125e-\u125f\u1289\u128e-\u128f\u12b1\u12b6-\u12b7\u12bf\u12c1\u12c6-\u12c7\u12d7\u1311\u1316-\u1317\u135b-\u135c\u137d-\u137f\u139a-\u139f\u13f6-\u13f7\u13fe-\u13ff\u169d-\u169f\u16f9-\u16ff\u170d\u1715-\u171f\u1737-\u173f\u1754-\u175f\u176d\u1771\u1774-\u177f\u17de-\u17df\u17ea-\u17ef\u17fa-\u17ff\u180f\u181a-\u181f\u1879-\u187f\u18ab-\u18af\u18f6-\u18ff\u191f\u192c-\u192f\u193c-\u193f\u1941-\u1943\u196e-\u196f\u1975-\u197f\u19ac-\u19af\u19ca-\u19cf\u19db-\u19dd\u1a1c-\u1a1d\u1a5f\u1a7d-\u1a7e\u1a8a-\u1a8f\u1a9a-\u1a9f\u1aae-\u1aaf\u1abf-\u1aff\u1b4c-\u1b4f\u1b7d-\u1b7f\u1bf4-\u1bfb\u1c38-\u1c3a\u1c4a-\u1c4c\u1c89-\u1c8f\u1cbb-\u1cbc\u1cc8-\u1ccf\u1cfa-\u1cff\u1dfa\u1f16-\u1f17\u1f1e-\u1f1f\u1f46-\u1f47\u1f4e-\u1f4f\u1f58\u1f5a\u1f5c\u1f5e\u1f7e-\u1f7f\u1fb5\u1fc5\u1fd4-\u1fd5\u1fdc\u1ff0-\u1ff1\u1ff5\u1fff\u2065\u2072-\u2073\u208f\u209d-\u209f\u20c0-\u20cf\u20f1-\u20ff\u218c-\u218f\u2427-\u243f\u244b-\u245f\u2b74-\u2b75\u2b96-\u2b97\u2bc9\u2bff\u2c2f\u2c5f\u2cf4-\u2cf8\u2d26\u2d28-\u2d2c\u2d2e-\u2d2f\u2d68-\u2d6e\u2d71-\u2d7e\u2d97-\u2d9f\u2da7\u2daf\u2db7\u2dbf\u2dc7\u2dcf\u2dd7\u2ddf\u2e4f-\u2e7f\u2e9a\u2ef4-\u2eff\u2fd6-\u2fef\u2ffc-\u2fff\u3040\u3097-\u3098\u3100-\u3104\u3130\u318f\u31bb-\u31bf\u31e4-\u31ef\u321f\u32ff\u4db6-\u4dbf\u9ff0-\u9fff\ua48d-\ua48f\ua4c7-\ua4cf\ua62c-\ua63f\ua6f8-\ua6ff\ua7ba-\ua7f6\ua82c-\ua82f\ua83a-\ua83f\ua878-\ua87f\ua8c6-\ua8cd\ua8da-\ua8df\ua954-\ua95e\ua97d-\ua97f\ua9ce\ua9da-\ua9dd\ua9ff\uaa37-\uaa3f\uaa4e-\uaa4f\uaa5a-\uaa5b\uaac3-\uaada\uaaf7-\uab00\uab07-\uab08\uab0f-\uab10\uab17-\uab1f\uab27\uab2f\uab66-\uab6f\uabee-\uabef\uabfa-\uabff\ud7a4-\ud7af\ud7c7-\ud7ca\ud7fc-\ud7ff\ufa6e-\ufa6f\ufada-\ufaff\ufb07-\ufb12\ufb18-\ufb1c\ufb37\ufb3d\ufb3f\ufb42\ufb45\ufbc2-\ufbd2\ufd40-\ufd4f\ufd90-\ufd91\ufdc8-\ufdef\ufdfe-\ufdff\ufe1a-\ufe1f\ufe53\ufe67\ufe6c-\ufe6f\ufe75\ufefd-\ufefe\uff00\uffbf-\uffc1\uffc8-\uffc9\uffd0-\uffd1\uffd8-\uffd9\uffdd-\uffdf\uffe7\uffef-\ufff8\ufffe-\uffff\U0001000c\U00010027\U0001003b\U0001003e\U0001004e-\U0001004f\U0001005e-\U0001007f\U000100fb-\U000100ff\U00010103-\U00010106\U00010134-\U00010136\U0001018f\U0001019c-\U0001019f\U000101a1-\U000101cf\U000101fe-\U0001027f\U0001029d-\U0001029f\U000102d1-\U000102df\U000102fc-\U000102ff\U00010324-\U0001032c\U0001034b-\U0001034f\U0001037b-\U0001037f\U0001039e\U000103c4-\U000103c7\U000103d6-\U000103ff\U0001049e-\U0001049f\U000104aa-\U000104af\U000104d4-\U000104d7\U000104fc-\U000104ff\U00010528-\U0001052f\U00010564-\U0001056e\U00010570-\U000105ff\U00010737-\U0001073f\U00010756-\U0001075f\U00010768-\U000107ff\U00010806-\U00010807\U00010809\U00010836\U00010839-\U0001083b\U0001083d-\U0001083e\U00010856\U0001089f-\U000108a6\U000108b0-\U000108df\U000108f3\U000108f6-\U000108fa\U0001091c-\U0001091e\U0001093a-\U0001093e\U00010940-\U0001097f\U000109b8-\U000109bb\U000109d0-\U000109d1\U00010a04\U00010a07-\U00010a0b\U00010a14\U00010a18\U00010a36-\U00010a37\U00010a3b-\U00010a3e\U00010a49-\U00010a4f\U00010a59-\U00010a5f\U00010aa0-\U00010abf\U00010ae7-\U00010aea\U00010af7-\U00010aff\U00010b36-\U00010b38\U00010b56-\U00010b57\U00010b73-\U00010b77\U00010b92-\U00010b98\U00010b9d-\U00010ba8\U00010bb0-\U00010bff\U00010c49-\U00010c7f\U00010cb3-\U00010cbf\U00010cf3-\U00010cf9\U00010d28-\U00010d2f\U00010d3a-\U00010e5f\U00010e7f-\U00010eff\U00010f28-\U00010f2f\U00010f5a-\U00010fff\U0001104e-\U00011051\U00011070-\U0001107e\U000110c2-\U000110cc\U000110ce-\U000110cf\U000110e9-\U000110ef\U000110fa-\U000110ff\U00011135\U00011147-\U0001114f\U00011177-\U0001117f\U000111ce-\U000111cf\U000111e0\U000111f5-\U000111ff\U00011212\U0001123f-\U0001127f\U00011287\U00011289\U0001128e\U0001129e\U000112aa-\U000112af\U000112eb-\U000112ef\U000112fa-\U000112ff\U00011304\U0001130d-\U0001130e\U00011311-\U00011312\U00011329\U00011331\U00011334\U0001133a\U00011345-\U00011346\U00011349-\U0001134a\U0001134e-\U0001134f\U00011351-\U00011356\U00011358-\U0001135c\U00011364-\U00011365\U0001136d-\U0001136f\U00011375-\U000113ff\U0001145a\U0001145c\U0001145f-\U0001147f\U000114c8-\U000114cf\U000114da-\U0001157f\U000115b6-\U000115b7\U000115de-\U000115ff\U00011645-\U0001164f\U0001165a-\U0001165f\U0001166d-\U0001167f\U000116b8-\U000116bf\U000116ca-\U000116ff\U0001171b-\U0001171c\U0001172c-\U0001172f\U00011740-\U000117ff\U0001183c-\U0001189f\U000118f3-\U000118fe\U00011900-\U000119ff\U00011a48-\U00011a4f\U00011a84-\U00011a85\U00011aa3-\U00011abf\U00011af9-\U00011bff\U00011c09\U00011c37\U00011c46-\U00011c4f\U00011c6d-\U00011c6f\U00011c90-\U00011c91\U00011ca8\U00011cb7-\U00011cff\U00011d07\U00011d0a\U00011d37-\U00011d39\U00011d3b\U00011d3e\U00011d48-\U00011d4f\U00011d5a-\U00011d5f\U00011d66\U00011d69\U00011d8f\U00011d92\U00011d99-\U00011d9f\U00011daa-\U00011edf\U00011ef9-\U00011fff\U0001239a-\U000123ff\U0001246f\U00012475-\U0001247f\U00012544-\U00012fff\U0001342f-\U000143ff\U00014647-\U000167ff\U00016a39-\U00016a3f\U00016a5f\U00016a6a-\U00016a6d\U00016a70-\U00016acf\U00016aee-\U00016aef\U00016af6-\U00016aff\U00016b46-\U00016b4f\U00016b5a\U00016b62\U00016b78-\U00016b7c\U00016b90-\U00016e3f\U00016e9b-\U00016eff\U00016f45-\U00016f4f\U00016f7f-\U00016f8e\U00016fa0-\U00016fdf\U00016fe2-\U00016fff\U000187f2-\U000187ff\U00018af3-\U0001afff\U0001b11f-\U0001b16f\U0001b2fc-\U0001bbff\U0001bc6b-\U0001bc6f\U0001bc7d-\U0001bc7f\U0001bc89-\U0001bc8f\U0001bc9a-\U0001bc9b\U0001bca4-\U0001cfff\U0001d0f6-\U0001d0ff\U0001d127-\U0001d128\U0001d1e9-\U0001d1ff\U0001d246-\U0001d2df\U0001d2f4-\U0001d2ff\U0001d357-\U0001d35f\U0001d379-\U0001d3ff\U0001d455\U0001d49d\U0001d4a0-\U0001d4a1\U0001d4a3-\U0001d4a4\U0001d4a7-\U0001d4a8\U0001d4ad\U0001d4ba\U0001d4bc\U0001d4c4\U0001d506\U0001d50b-\U0001d50c\U0001d515\U0001d51d\U0001d53a\U0001d53f\U0001d545\U0001d547-\U0001d549\U0001d551\U0001d6a6-\U0001d6a7\U0001d7cc-\U0001d7cd\U0001da8c-\U0001da9a\U0001daa0\U0001dab0-\U0001dfff\U0001e007\U0001e019-\U0001e01a\U0001e022\U0001e025\U0001e02b-\U0001e7ff\U0001e8c5-\U0001e8c6\U0001e8d7-\U0001e8ff\U0001e94b-\U0001e94f\U0001e95a-\U0001e95d\U0001e960-\U0001ec70\U0001ecb5-\U0001edff\U0001ee04\U0001ee20\U0001ee23\U0001ee25-\U0001ee26\U0001ee28\U0001ee33\U0001ee38\U0001ee3a\U0001ee3c-\U0001ee41\U0001ee43-\U0001ee46\U0001ee48\U0001ee4a\U0001ee4c\U0001ee50\U0001ee53\U0001ee55-\U0001ee56\U0001ee58\U0001ee5a\U0001ee5c\U0001ee5e\U0001ee60\U0001ee63\U0001ee65-\U0001ee66\U0001ee6b\U0001ee73\U0001ee78\U0001ee7d\U0001ee7f\U0001ee8a\U0001ee9c-\U0001eea0\U0001eea4\U0001eeaa\U0001eebc-\U0001eeef\U0001eef2-\U0001efff\U0001f02c-\U0001f02f\U0001f094-\U0001f09f\U0001f0af-\U0001f0b0\U0001f0c0\U0001f0d0\U0001f0f6-\U0001f0ff\U0001f10d-\U0001f10f\U0001f16c-\U0001f16f\U0001f1ad-\U0001f1e5\U0001f203-\U0001f20f\U0001f23c-\U0001f23f\U0001f249-\U0001f24f\U0001f252-\U0001f25f\U0001f266-\U0001f2ff\U0001f6d5-\U0001f6df\U0001f6ed-\U0001f6ef\U0001f6fa-\U0001f6ff\U0001f774-\U0001f77f\U0001f7d9-\U0001f7ff\U0001f80c-\U0001f80f\U0001f848-\U0001f84f\U0001f85a-\U0001f85f\U0001f888-\U0001f88f\U0001f8ae-\U0001f8ff\U0001f90c-\U0001f90f\U0001f93f\U0001f971-\U0001f972\U0001f977-\U0001f979\U0001f97b\U0001f9a3-\U0001f9af\U0001f9ba-\U0001f9bf\U0001f9c3-\U0001f9cf\U0001fa00-\U0001fa5f\U0001fa6e-\U0001ffff\U0002a6d7-\U0002a6ff\U0002b735-\U0002b73f\U0002b81e-\U0002b81f\U0002cea2-\U0002ceaf\U0002ebe1-\U0002f7ff\U0002fa1e-\U000e0000\U000e0002-\U000e001f\U000e0080-\U000e00ff\U000e01f0-\U000effff\U000ffffe-\U000fffff\U0010fffe-\U0010ffff'
+
+Co = '\ue000-\uf8ff\U000f0000-\U000ffffd\U00100000-\U0010fffd'
+
+Cs = '\ud800-\udbff\\\udc00\udc01-\udfff'
+
+Ll = 'a-z\xb5\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff\u0101\u0103\u0105\u0107\u0109\u010b\u010d\u010f\u0111\u0113\u0115\u0117\u0119\u011b\u011d\u011f\u0121\u0123\u0125\u0127\u0129\u012b\u012d\u012f\u0131\u0133\u0135\u0137-\u0138\u013a\u013c\u013e\u0140\u0142\u0144\u0146\u0148-\u0149\u014b\u014d\u014f\u0151\u0153\u0155\u0157\u0159\u015b\u015d\u015f\u0161\u0163\u0165\u0167\u0169\u016b\u016d\u016f\u0171\u0173\u0175\u0177\u017a\u017c\u017e-\u0180\u0183\u0185\u0188\u018c-\u018d\u0192\u0195\u0199-\u019b\u019e\u01a1\u01a3\u01a5\u01a8\u01aa-\u01ab\u01ad\u01b0\u01b4\u01b6\u01b9-\u01ba\u01bd-\u01bf\u01c6\u01c9\u01cc\u01ce\u01d0\u01d2\u01d4\u01d6\u01d8\u01da\u01dc-\u01dd\u01df\u01e1\u01e3\u01e5\u01e7\u01e9\u01eb\u01ed\u01ef-\u01f0\u01f3\u01f5\u01f9\u01fb\u01fd\u01ff\u0201\u0203\u0205\u0207\u0209\u020b\u020d\u020f\u0211\u0213\u0215\u0217\u0219\u021b\u021d\u021f\u0221\u0223\u0225\u0227\u0229\u022b\u022d\u022f\u0231\u0233-\u0239\u023c\u023f-\u0240\u0242\u0247\u0249\u024b\u024d\u024f-\u0293\u0295-\u02af\u0371\u0373\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u0390\u03ac-\u03ce\u03d0-\u03d1\u03d5-\u03d7\u03d9\u03db\u03dd\u03df\u03e1\u03e3\u03e5\u03e7\u03e9\u03eb\u03ed\u03ef-\u03f3\u03f5\u03f8\u03fb-\u03fc\u0430-\u045f\u0461\u0463\u0465\u0467\u0469\u046b\u046d\u046f\u0471\u0473\u0475\u0477\u0479\u047b\u047d\u047f\u0481\u048b\u048d\u048f\u0491\u0493\u0495\u0497\u0499\u049b\u049d\u049f\u04a1\u04a3\u04a5\u04a7\u04a9\u04ab\u04ad\u04af\u04b1\u04b3\u04b5\u04b7\u04b9\u04bb\u04bd\u04bf\u04c2\u04c4\u04c6\u04c8\u04ca\u04cc\u04ce-\u04cf\u04d1\u04d3\u04d5\u04d7\u04d9\u04db\u04dd\u04df\u04e1\u04e3\u04e5\u04e7\u04e9\u04eb\u04ed\u04ef\u04f1\u04f3\u04f5\u04f7\u04f9\u04fb\u04fd\u04ff\u0501\u0503\u0505\u0507\u0509\u050b\u050d\u050f\u0511\u0513\u0515\u0517\u0519\u051b\u051d\u051f\u0521\u0523\u0525\u0527\u0529\u052b\u052d\u052f\u0560-\u0588\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fd-\u10ff\u13f8-\u13fd\u1c80-\u1c88\u1d00-\u1d2b\u1d6b-\u1d77\u1d79-\u1d9a\u1e01\u1e03\u1e05\u1e07\u1e09\u1e0b\u1e0d\u1e0f\u1e11\u1e13\u1e15\u1e17\u1e19\u1e1b\u1e1d\u1e1f\u1e21\u1e23\u1e25\u1e27\u1e29\u1e2b\u1e2d\u1e2f\u1e31\u1e33\u1e35\u1e37\u1e39\u1e3b\u1e3d\u1e3f\u1e41\u1e43\u1e45\u1e47\u1e49\u1e4b\u1e4d\u1e4f\u1e51\u1e53\u1e55\u1e57\u1e59\u1e5b\u1e5d\u1e5f\u1e61\u1e63\u1e65\u1e67\u1e69\u1e6b\u1e6d\u1e6f\u1e71\u1e73\u1e75\u1e77\u1e79\u1e7b\u1e7d\u1e7f\u1e81\u1e83\u1e85\u1e87\u1e89\u1e8b\u1e8d\u1e8f\u1e91\u1e93\u1e95-\u1e9d\u1e9f\u1ea1\u1ea3\u1ea5\u1ea7\u1ea9\u1eab\u1ead\u1eaf\u1eb1\u1eb3\u1eb5\u1eb7\u1eb9\u1ebb\u1ebd\u1ebf\u1ec1\u1ec3\u1ec5\u1ec7\u1ec9\u1ecb\u1ecd\u1ecf\u1ed1\u1ed3\u1ed5\u1ed7\u1ed9\u1edb\u1edd\u1edf\u1ee1\u1ee3\u1ee5\u1ee7\u1ee9\u1eeb\u1eed\u1eef\u1ef1\u1ef3\u1ef5\u1ef7\u1ef9\u1efb\u1efd\u1eff-\u1f07\u1f10-\u1f15\u1f20-\u1f27\u1f30-\u1f37\u1f40-\u1f45\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f60-\u1f67\u1f70-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1f87\u1f90-\u1f97\u1fa0-\u1fa7\u1fb0-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fb7\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fc7\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fd7\u1fe0-\u1fe7\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ff7\u210a\u210e-\u210f\u2113\u212f\u2134\u2139\u213c-\u213d\u2146-\u2149\u214e\u2184\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c61\u2c65-\u2c66\u2c68\u2c6a\u2c6c\u2c71\u2c73-\u2c74\u2c76-\u2c7b\u2c81\u2c83\u2c85\u2c87\u2c89\u2c8b\u2c8d\u2c8f\u2c91\u2c93\u2c95\u2c97\u2c99\u2c9b\u2c9d\u2c9f\u2ca1\u2ca3\u2ca5\u2ca7\u2ca9\u2cab\u2cad\u2caf\u2cb1\u2cb3\u2cb5\u2cb7\u2cb9\u2cbb\u2cbd\u2cbf\u2cc1\u2cc3\u2cc5\u2cc7\u2cc9\u2ccb\u2ccd\u2ccf\u2cd1\u2cd3\u2cd5\u2cd7\u2cd9\u2cdb\u2cdd\u2cdf\u2ce1\u2ce3-\u2ce4\u2cec\u2cee\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\ua641\ua643\ua645\ua647\ua649\ua64b\ua64d\ua64f\ua651\ua653\ua655\ua657\ua659\ua65b\ua65d\ua65f\ua661\ua663\ua665\ua667\ua669\ua66b\ua66d\ua681\ua683\ua685\ua687\ua689\ua68b\ua68d\ua68f\ua691\ua693\ua695\ua697\ua699\ua69b\ua723\ua725\ua727\ua729\ua72b\ua72d\ua72f-\ua731\ua733\ua735\ua737\ua739\ua73b\ua73d\ua73f\ua741\ua743\ua745\ua747\ua749\ua74b\ua74d\ua74f\ua751\ua753\ua755\ua757\ua759\ua75b\ua75d\ua75f\ua761\ua763\ua765\ua767\ua769\ua76b\ua76d\ua76f\ua771-\ua778\ua77a\ua77c\ua77f\ua781\ua783\ua785\ua787\ua78c\ua78e\ua791\ua793-\ua795\ua797\ua799\ua79b\ua79d\ua79f\ua7a1\ua7a3\ua7a5\ua7a7\ua7a9\ua7af\ua7b5\ua7b7\ua7b9\ua7fa\uab30-\uab5a\uab60-\uab65\uab70-\uabbf\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\uff41-\uff5a\U00010428-\U0001044f\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U000118c0-\U000118df\U00016e60-\U00016e7f\U0001d41a-\U0001d433\U0001d44e-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d467\U0001d482-\U0001d49b\U0001d4b6-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d4cf\U0001d4ea-\U0001d503\U0001d51e-\U0001d537\U0001d552-\U0001d56b\U0001d586-\U0001d59f\U0001d5ba-\U0001d5d3\U0001d5ee-\U0001d607\U0001d622-\U0001d63b\U0001d656-\U0001d66f\U0001d68a-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6e1\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d71b\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d755\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d78f\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7c9\U0001d7cb\U0001e922-\U0001e943'
+
+Lm = '\u02b0-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0374\u037a\u0559\u0640\u06e5-\u06e6\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0971\u0e46\u0ec6\u10fc\u17d7\u1843\u1aa7\u1c78-\u1c7d\u1d2c-\u1d6a\u1d78\u1d9b-\u1dbf\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2c7c-\u2c7d\u2d6f\u2e2f\u3005\u3031-\u3035\u303b\u309d-\u309e\u30fc-\u30fe\ua015\ua4f8-\ua4fd\ua60c\ua67f\ua69c-\ua69d\ua717-\ua71f\ua770\ua788\ua7f8-\ua7f9\ua9cf\ua9e6\uaa70\uaadd\uaaf3-\uaaf4\uab5c-\uab5f\uff70\uff9e-\uff9f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1'
+
+Lo = '\xaa\xba\u01bb\u01c0-\u01c3\u0294\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u063f\u0641-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u0800-\u0815\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0972-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32-\u0e33\u0e40-\u0e45\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2-\u0eb3\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u1100-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16f1-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17dc\u1820-\u1842\u1844-\u1878\u1880-\u1884\u1887-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c77\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u2135-\u2138\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3006\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua014\ua016-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4f7\ua500-\ua60b\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua66e\ua6a0-\ua6e5\ua78f\ua7f7\ua7fb-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e7-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa6f\uaa71-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadc\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uabc0-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdfb\ufe70-\ufe74\ufe76-\ufefc\uff66-\uff6f\uff71-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U00010340\U00010342-\U00010349\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U00010450-\U0001049d\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+Lt = '\u01c5\u01c8\u01cb\u01f2\u1f88-\u1f8f\u1f98-\u1f9f\u1fa8-\u1faf\u1fbc\u1fcc\u1ffc'
+
+Lu = 'A-Z\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\u0100\u0102\u0104\u0106\u0108\u010a\u010c\u010e\u0110\u0112\u0114\u0116\u0118\u011a\u011c\u011e\u0120\u0122\u0124\u0126\u0128\u012a\u012c\u012e\u0130\u0132\u0134\u0136\u0139\u013b\u013d\u013f\u0141\u0143\u0145\u0147\u014a\u014c\u014e\u0150\u0152\u0154\u0156\u0158\u015a\u015c\u015e\u0160\u0162\u0164\u0166\u0168\u016a\u016c\u016e\u0170\u0172\u0174\u0176\u0178-\u0179\u017b\u017d\u0181-\u0182\u0184\u0186-\u0187\u0189-\u018b\u018e-\u0191\u0193-\u0194\u0196-\u0198\u019c-\u019d\u019f-\u01a0\u01a2\u01a4\u01a6-\u01a7\u01a9\u01ac\u01ae-\u01af\u01b1-\u01b3\u01b5\u01b7-\u01b8\u01bc\u01c4\u01c7\u01ca\u01cd\u01cf\u01d1\u01d3\u01d5\u01d7\u01d9\u01db\u01de\u01e0\u01e2\u01e4\u01e6\u01e8\u01ea\u01ec\u01ee\u01f1\u01f4\u01f6-\u01f8\u01fa\u01fc\u01fe\u0200\u0202\u0204\u0206\u0208\u020a\u020c\u020e\u0210\u0212\u0214\u0216\u0218\u021a\u021c\u021e\u0220\u0222\u0224\u0226\u0228\u022a\u022c\u022e\u0230\u0232\u023a-\u023b\u023d-\u023e\u0241\u0243-\u0246\u0248\u024a\u024c\u024e\u0370\u0372\u0376\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u038f\u0391-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03ab\u03cf\u03d2-\u03d4\u03d8\u03da\u03dc\u03de\u03e0\u03e2\u03e4\u03e6\u03e8\u03ea\u03ec\u03ee\u03f4\u03f7\u03f9-\u03fa\u03fd-\u042f\u0460\u0462\u0464\u0466\u0468\u046a\u046c\u046e\u0470\u0472\u0474\u0476\u0478\u047a\u047c\u047e\u0480\u048a\u048c\u048e\u0490\u0492\u0494\u0496\u0498\u049a\u049c\u049e\u04a0\u04a2\u04a4\u04a6\u04a8\u04aa\u04ac\u04ae\u04b0\u04b2\u04b4\u04b6\u04b8\u04ba\u04bc\u04be\u04c0-\u04c1\u04c3\u04c5\u04c7\u04c9\u04cb\u04cd\u04d0\u04d2\u04d4\u04d6\u04d8\u04da\u04dc\u04de\u04e0\u04e2\u04e4\u04e6\u04e8\u04ea\u04ec\u04ee\u04f0\u04f2\u04f4\u04f6\u04f8\u04fa\u04fc\u04fe\u0500\u0502\u0504\u0506\u0508\u050a\u050c\u050e\u0510\u0512\u0514\u0516\u0518\u051a\u051c\u051e\u0520\u0522\u0524\u0526\u0528\u052a\u052c\u052e\u0531-\u0556\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u13a0-\u13f5\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1e00\u1e02\u1e04\u1e06\u1e08\u1e0a\u1e0c\u1e0e\u1e10\u1e12\u1e14\u1e16\u1e18\u1e1a\u1e1c\u1e1e\u1e20\u1e22\u1e24\u1e26\u1e28\u1e2a\u1e2c\u1e2e\u1e30\u1e32\u1e34\u1e36\u1e38\u1e3a\u1e3c\u1e3e\u1e40\u1e42\u1e44\u1e46\u1e48\u1e4a\u1e4c\u1e4e\u1e50\u1e52\u1e54\u1e56\u1e58\u1e5a\u1e5c\u1e5e\u1e60\u1e62\u1e64\u1e66\u1e68\u1e6a\u1e6c\u1e6e\u1e70\u1e72\u1e74\u1e76\u1e78\u1e7a\u1e7c\u1e7e\u1e80\u1e82\u1e84\u1e86\u1e88\u1e8a\u1e8c\u1e8e\u1e90\u1e92\u1e94\u1e9e\u1ea0\u1ea2\u1ea4\u1ea6\u1ea8\u1eaa\u1eac\u1eae\u1eb0\u1eb2\u1eb4\u1eb6\u1eb8\u1eba\u1ebc\u1ebe\u1ec0\u1ec2\u1ec4\u1ec6\u1ec8\u1eca\u1ecc\u1ece\u1ed0\u1ed2\u1ed4\u1ed6\u1ed8\u1eda\u1edc\u1ede\u1ee0\u1ee2\u1ee4\u1ee6\u1ee8\u1eea\u1eec\u1eee\u1ef0\u1ef2\u1ef4\u1ef6\u1ef8\u1efa\u1efc\u1efe\u1f08-\u1f0f\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f28-\u1f2f\u1f38-\u1f3f\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f\u1f68-\u1f6f\u1fb8-\u1fbb\u1fc8-\u1fcb\u1fd8-\u1fdb\u1fe8-\u1fec\u1ff8-\u1ffb\u2102\u2107\u210b-\u210d\u2110-\u2112\u2115\u2119-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u212d\u2130-\u2133\u213e-\u213f\u2145\u2183\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c60\u2c62-\u2c64\u2c67\u2c69\u2c6b\u2c6d-\u2c70\u2c72\u2c75\u2c7e-\u2c80\u2c82\u2c84\u2c86\u2c88\u2c8a\u2c8c\u2c8e\u2c90\u2c92\u2c94\u2c96\u2c98\u2c9a\u2c9c\u2c9e\u2ca0\u2ca2\u2ca4\u2ca6\u2ca8\u2caa\u2cac\u2cae\u2cb0\u2cb2\u2cb4\u2cb6\u2cb8\u2cba\u2cbc\u2cbe\u2cc0\u2cc2\u2cc4\u2cc6\u2cc8\u2cca\u2ccc\u2cce\u2cd0\u2cd2\u2cd4\u2cd6\u2cd8\u2cda\u2cdc\u2cde\u2ce0\u2ce2\u2ceb\u2ced\u2cf2\ua640\ua642\ua644\ua646\ua648\ua64a\ua64c\ua64e\ua650\ua652\ua654\ua656\ua658\ua65a\ua65c\ua65e\ua660\ua662\ua664\ua666\ua668\ua66a\ua66c\ua680\ua682\ua684\ua686\ua688\ua68a\ua68c\ua68e\ua690\ua692\ua694\ua696\ua698\ua69a\ua722\ua724\ua726\ua728\ua72a\ua72c\ua72e\ua732\ua734\ua736\ua738\ua73a\ua73c\ua73e\ua740\ua742\ua744\ua746\ua748\ua74a\ua74c\ua74e\ua750\ua752\ua754\ua756\ua758\ua75a\ua75c\ua75e\ua760\ua762\ua764\ua766\ua768\ua76a\ua76c\ua76e\ua779\ua77b\ua77d-\ua77e\ua780\ua782\ua784\ua786\ua78b\ua78d\ua790\ua792\ua796\ua798\ua79a\ua79c\ua79e\ua7a0\ua7a2\ua7a4\ua7a6\ua7a8\ua7aa-\ua7ae\ua7b0-\ua7b4\ua7b6\ua7b8\uff21-\uff3a\U00010400-\U00010427\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U000118a0-\U000118bf\U00016e40-\U00016e5f\U0001d400-\U0001d419\U0001d434-\U0001d44d\U0001d468-\U0001d481\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b5\U0001d4d0-\U0001d4e9\U0001d504-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d538-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d56c-\U0001d585\U0001d5a0-\U0001d5b9\U0001d5d4-\U0001d5ed\U0001d608-\U0001d621\U0001d63c-\U0001d655\U0001d670-\U0001d689\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6e2-\U0001d6fa\U0001d71c-\U0001d734\U0001d756-\U0001d76e\U0001d790-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7ca\U0001e900-\U0001e921'
+
+Mc = '\u0903\u093b\u093e-\u0940\u0949-\u094c\u094e-\u094f\u0982-\u0983\u09be-\u09c0\u09c7-\u09c8\u09cb-\u09cc\u09d7\u0a03\u0a3e-\u0a40\u0a83\u0abe-\u0ac0\u0ac9\u0acb-\u0acc\u0b02-\u0b03\u0b3e\u0b40\u0b47-\u0b48\u0b4b-\u0b4c\u0b57\u0bbe-\u0bbf\u0bc1-\u0bc2\u0bc6-\u0bc8\u0bca-\u0bcc\u0bd7\u0c01-\u0c03\u0c41-\u0c44\u0c82-\u0c83\u0cbe\u0cc0-\u0cc4\u0cc7-\u0cc8\u0cca-\u0ccb\u0cd5-\u0cd6\u0d02-\u0d03\u0d3e-\u0d40\u0d46-\u0d48\u0d4a-\u0d4c\u0d57\u0d82-\u0d83\u0dcf-\u0dd1\u0dd8-\u0ddf\u0df2-\u0df3\u0f3e-\u0f3f\u0f7f\u102b-\u102c\u1031\u1038\u103b-\u103c\u1056-\u1057\u1062-\u1064\u1067-\u106d\u1083-\u1084\u1087-\u108c\u108f\u109a-\u109c\u17b6\u17be-\u17c5\u17c7-\u17c8\u1923-\u1926\u1929-\u192b\u1930-\u1931\u1933-\u1938\u1a19-\u1a1a\u1a55\u1a57\u1a61\u1a63-\u1a64\u1a6d-\u1a72\u1b04\u1b35\u1b3b\u1b3d-\u1b41\u1b43-\u1b44\u1b82\u1ba1\u1ba6-\u1ba7\u1baa\u1be7\u1bea-\u1bec\u1bee\u1bf2-\u1bf3\u1c24-\u1c2b\u1c34-\u1c35\u1ce1\u1cf2-\u1cf3\u1cf7\u302e-\u302f\ua823-\ua824\ua827\ua880-\ua881\ua8b4-\ua8c3\ua952-\ua953\ua983\ua9b4-\ua9b5\ua9ba-\ua9bb\ua9bd-\ua9c0\uaa2f-\uaa30\uaa33-\uaa34\uaa4d\uaa7b\uaa7d\uaaeb\uaaee-\uaaef\uaaf5\uabe3-\uabe4\uabe6-\uabe7\uabe9-\uabea\uabec\U00011000\U00011002\U00011082\U000110b0-\U000110b2\U000110b7-\U000110b8\U0001112c\U00011145-\U00011146\U00011182\U000111b3-\U000111b5\U000111bf-\U000111c0\U0001122c-\U0001122e\U00011232-\U00011233\U00011235\U000112e0-\U000112e2\U00011302-\U00011303\U0001133e-\U0001133f\U00011341-\U00011344\U00011347-\U00011348\U0001134b-\U0001134d\U00011357\U00011362-\U00011363\U00011435-\U00011437\U00011440-\U00011441\U00011445\U000114b0-\U000114b2\U000114b9\U000114bb-\U000114be\U000114c1\U000115af-\U000115b1\U000115b8-\U000115bb\U000115be\U00011630-\U00011632\U0001163b-\U0001163c\U0001163e\U000116ac\U000116ae-\U000116af\U000116b6\U00011720-\U00011721\U00011726\U0001182c-\U0001182e\U00011838\U00011a39\U00011a57-\U00011a58\U00011a97\U00011c2f\U00011c3e\U00011ca9\U00011cb1\U00011cb4\U00011d8a-\U00011d8e\U00011d93-\U00011d94\U00011d96\U00011ef5-\U00011ef6\U00016f51-\U00016f7e\U0001d165-\U0001d166\U0001d16d-\U0001d172'
+
+Me = '\u0488-\u0489\u1abe\u20dd-\u20e0\u20e2-\u20e4\ua670-\ua672'
+
+Mn = '\u0300-\u036f\u0483-\u0487\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1-\u05c2\u05c4-\u05c5\u05c7\u0610-\u061a\u064b-\u065f\u0670\u06d6-\u06dc\u06df-\u06e4\u06e7-\u06e8\u06ea-\u06ed\u0711\u0730-\u074a\u07a6-\u07b0\u07eb-\u07f3\u07fd\u0816-\u0819\u081b-\u0823\u0825-\u0827\u0829-\u082d\u0859-\u085b\u08d3-\u08e1\u08e3-\u0902\u093a\u093c\u0941-\u0948\u094d\u0951-\u0957\u0962-\u0963\u0981\u09bc\u09c1-\u09c4\u09cd\u09e2-\u09e3\u09fe\u0a01-\u0a02\u0a3c\u0a41-\u0a42\u0a47-\u0a48\u0a4b-\u0a4d\u0a51\u0a70-\u0a71\u0a75\u0a81-\u0a82\u0abc\u0ac1-\u0ac5\u0ac7-\u0ac8\u0acd\u0ae2-\u0ae3\u0afa-\u0aff\u0b01\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b41-\u0b44\u0b4d\u0b56\u0b62-\u0b63\u0b82\u0bc0\u0bcd\u0c00\u0c04\u0c3e-\u0c40\u0c46-\u0c48\u0c4a-\u0c4d\u0c55-\u0c56\u0c62-\u0c63\u0c81\u0cbc\u0cbf\u0cc6\u0ccc-\u0ccd\u0ce2-\u0ce3\u0d00-\u0d01\u0d3b-\u0d3c\u0d41-\u0d44\u0d4d\u0d62-\u0d63\u0dca\u0dd2-\u0dd4\u0dd6\u0e31\u0e34-\u0e3a\u0e47-\u0e4e\u0eb1\u0eb4-\u0eb9\u0ebb-\u0ebc\u0ec8-\u0ecd\u0f18-\u0f19\u0f35\u0f37\u0f39\u0f71-\u0f7e\u0f80-\u0f84\u0f86-\u0f87\u0f8d-\u0f97\u0f99-\u0fbc\u0fc6\u102d-\u1030\u1032-\u1037\u1039-\u103a\u103d-\u103e\u1058-\u1059\u105e-\u1060\u1071-\u1074\u1082\u1085-\u1086\u108d\u109d\u135d-\u135f\u1712-\u1714\u1732-\u1734\u1752-\u1753\u1772-\u1773\u17b4-\u17b5\u17b7-\u17bd\u17c6\u17c9-\u17d3\u17dd\u180b-\u180d\u1885-\u1886\u18a9\u1920-\u1922\u1927-\u1928\u1932\u1939-\u193b\u1a17-\u1a18\u1a1b\u1a56\u1a58-\u1a5e\u1a60\u1a62\u1a65-\u1a6c\u1a73-\u1a7c\u1a7f\u1ab0-\u1abd\u1b00-\u1b03\u1b34\u1b36-\u1b3a\u1b3c\u1b42\u1b6b-\u1b73\u1b80-\u1b81\u1ba2-\u1ba5\u1ba8-\u1ba9\u1bab-\u1bad\u1be6\u1be8-\u1be9\u1bed\u1bef-\u1bf1\u1c2c-\u1c33\u1c36-\u1c37\u1cd0-\u1cd2\u1cd4-\u1ce0\u1ce2-\u1ce8\u1ced\u1cf4\u1cf8-\u1cf9\u1dc0-\u1df9\u1dfb-\u1dff\u20d0-\u20dc\u20e1\u20e5-\u20f0\u2cef-\u2cf1\u2d7f\u2de0-\u2dff\u302a-\u302d\u3099-\u309a\ua66f\ua674-\ua67d\ua69e-\ua69f\ua6f0-\ua6f1\ua802\ua806\ua80b\ua825-\ua826\ua8c4-\ua8c5\ua8e0-\ua8f1\ua8ff\ua926-\ua92d\ua947-\ua951\ua980-\ua982\ua9b3\ua9b6-\ua9b9\ua9bc\ua9e5\uaa29-\uaa2e\uaa31-\uaa32\uaa35-\uaa36\uaa43\uaa4c\uaa7c\uaab0\uaab2-\uaab4\uaab7-\uaab8\uaabe-\uaabf\uaac1\uaaec-\uaaed\uaaf6\uabe5\uabe8\uabed\ufb1e\ufe00-\ufe0f\ufe20-\ufe2f\U000101fd\U000102e0\U00010376-\U0001037a\U00010a01-\U00010a03\U00010a05-\U00010a06\U00010a0c-\U00010a0f\U00010a38-\U00010a3a\U00010a3f\U00010ae5-\U00010ae6\U00010d24-\U00010d27\U00010f46-\U00010f50\U00011001\U00011038-\U00011046\U0001107f-\U00011081\U000110b3-\U000110b6\U000110b9-\U000110ba\U00011100-\U00011102\U00011127-\U0001112b\U0001112d-\U00011134\U00011173\U00011180-\U00011181\U000111b6-\U000111be\U000111c9-\U000111cc\U0001122f-\U00011231\U00011234\U00011236-\U00011237\U0001123e\U000112df\U000112e3-\U000112ea\U00011300-\U00011301\U0001133b-\U0001133c\U00011340\U00011366-\U0001136c\U00011370-\U00011374\U00011438-\U0001143f\U00011442-\U00011444\U00011446\U0001145e\U000114b3-\U000114b8\U000114ba\U000114bf-\U000114c0\U000114c2-\U000114c3\U000115b2-\U000115b5\U000115bc-\U000115bd\U000115bf-\U000115c0\U000115dc-\U000115dd\U00011633-\U0001163a\U0001163d\U0001163f-\U00011640\U000116ab\U000116ad\U000116b0-\U000116b5\U000116b7\U0001171d-\U0001171f\U00011722-\U00011725\U00011727-\U0001172b\U0001182f-\U00011837\U00011839-\U0001183a\U00011a01-\U00011a0a\U00011a33-\U00011a38\U00011a3b-\U00011a3e\U00011a47\U00011a51-\U00011a56\U00011a59-\U00011a5b\U00011a8a-\U00011a96\U00011a98-\U00011a99\U00011c30-\U00011c36\U00011c38-\U00011c3d\U00011c3f\U00011c92-\U00011ca7\U00011caa-\U00011cb0\U00011cb2-\U00011cb3\U00011cb5-\U00011cb6\U00011d31-\U00011d36\U00011d3a\U00011d3c-\U00011d3d\U00011d3f-\U00011d45\U00011d47\U00011d90-\U00011d91\U00011d95\U00011d97\U00011ef3-\U00011ef4\U00016af0-\U00016af4\U00016b30-\U00016b36\U00016f8f-\U00016f92\U0001bc9d-\U0001bc9e\U0001d167-\U0001d169\U0001d17b-\U0001d182\U0001d185-\U0001d18b\U0001d1aa-\U0001d1ad\U0001d242-\U0001d244\U0001da00-\U0001da36\U0001da3b-\U0001da6c\U0001da75\U0001da84\U0001da9b-\U0001da9f\U0001daa1-\U0001daaf\U0001e000-\U0001e006\U0001e008-\U0001e018\U0001e01b-\U0001e021\U0001e023-\U0001e024\U0001e026-\U0001e02a\U0001e8d0-\U0001e8d6\U0001e944-\U0001e94a\U000e0100-\U000e01ef'
+
+Nd = '0-9\u0660-\u0669\u06f0-\u06f9\u07c0-\u07c9\u0966-\u096f\u09e6-\u09ef\u0a66-\u0a6f\u0ae6-\u0aef\u0b66-\u0b6f\u0be6-\u0bef\u0c66-\u0c6f\u0ce6-\u0cef\u0d66-\u0d6f\u0de6-\u0def\u0e50-\u0e59\u0ed0-\u0ed9\u0f20-\u0f29\u1040-\u1049\u1090-\u1099\u17e0-\u17e9\u1810-\u1819\u1946-\u194f\u19d0-\u19d9\u1a80-\u1a89\u1a90-\u1a99\u1b50-\u1b59\u1bb0-\u1bb9\u1c40-\u1c49\u1c50-\u1c59\ua620-\ua629\ua8d0-\ua8d9\ua900-\ua909\ua9d0-\ua9d9\ua9f0-\ua9f9\uaa50-\uaa59\uabf0-\uabf9\uff10-\uff19\U000104a0-\U000104a9\U00010d30-\U00010d39\U00011066-\U0001106f\U000110f0-\U000110f9\U00011136-\U0001113f\U000111d0-\U000111d9\U000112f0-\U000112f9\U00011450-\U00011459\U000114d0-\U000114d9\U00011650-\U00011659\U000116c0-\U000116c9\U00011730-\U00011739\U000118e0-\U000118e9\U00011c50-\U00011c59\U00011d50-\U00011d59\U00011da0-\U00011da9\U00016a60-\U00016a69\U00016b50-\U00016b59\U0001d7ce-\U0001d7ff\U0001e950-\U0001e959'
+
+Nl = '\u16ee-\u16f0\u2160-\u2182\u2185-\u2188\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3038-\u303a\ua6e6-\ua6ef\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010341\U0001034a\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00012400-\U0001246e'
+
+No = '\xb2-\xb3\xb9\xbc-\xbe\u09f4-\u09f9\u0b72-\u0b77\u0bf0-\u0bf2\u0c78-\u0c7e\u0d58-\u0d5e\u0d70-\u0d78\u0f2a-\u0f33\u1369-\u137c\u17f0-\u17f9\u19da\u2070\u2074-\u2079\u2080-\u2089\u2150-\u215f\u2189\u2460-\u249b\u24ea-\u24ff\u2776-\u2793\u2cfd\u3192-\u3195\u3220-\u3229\u3248-\u324f\u3251-\u325f\u3280-\u3289\u32b1-\u32bf\ua830-\ua835\U00010107-\U00010133\U00010175-\U00010178\U0001018a-\U0001018b\U000102e1-\U000102fb\U00010320-\U00010323\U00010858-\U0001085f\U00010879-\U0001087f\U000108a7-\U000108af\U000108fb-\U000108ff\U00010916-\U0001091b\U000109bc-\U000109bd\U000109c0-\U000109cf\U000109d2-\U000109ff\U00010a40-\U00010a48\U00010a7d-\U00010a7e\U00010a9d-\U00010a9f\U00010aeb-\U00010aef\U00010b58-\U00010b5f\U00010b78-\U00010b7f\U00010ba9-\U00010baf\U00010cfa-\U00010cff\U00010e60-\U00010e7e\U00010f1d-\U00010f26\U00010f51-\U00010f54\U00011052-\U00011065\U000111e1-\U000111f4\U0001173a-\U0001173b\U000118ea-\U000118f2\U00011c5a-\U00011c6c\U00016b5b-\U00016b61\U00016e80-\U00016e96\U0001d2e0-\U0001d2f3\U0001d360-\U0001d378\U0001e8c7-\U0001e8cf\U0001ec71-\U0001ecab\U0001ecad-\U0001ecaf\U0001ecb1-\U0001ecb4\U0001f100-\U0001f10c'
+
+Pc = '_\u203f-\u2040\u2054\ufe33-\ufe34\ufe4d-\ufe4f\uff3f'
+
+Pd = '\\-\u058a\u05be\u1400\u1806\u2010-\u2015\u2e17\u2e1a\u2e3a-\u2e3b\u2e40\u301c\u3030\u30a0\ufe31-\ufe32\ufe58\ufe63\uff0d'
+
+Pe = ')\\]}\u0f3b\u0f3d\u169c\u2046\u207e\u208e\u2309\u230b\u232a\u2769\u276b\u276d\u276f\u2771\u2773\u2775\u27c6\u27e7\u27e9\u27eb\u27ed\u27ef\u2984\u2986\u2988\u298a\u298c\u298e\u2990\u2992\u2994\u2996\u2998\u29d9\u29db\u29fd\u2e23\u2e25\u2e27\u2e29\u3009\u300b\u300d\u300f\u3011\u3015\u3017\u3019\u301b\u301e-\u301f\ufd3e\ufe18\ufe36\ufe38\ufe3a\ufe3c\ufe3e\ufe40\ufe42\ufe44\ufe48\ufe5a\ufe5c\ufe5e\uff09\uff3d\uff5d\uff60\uff63'
+
+Pf = '\xbb\u2019\u201d\u203a\u2e03\u2e05\u2e0a\u2e0d\u2e1d\u2e21'
+
+Pi = '\xab\u2018\u201b-\u201c\u201f\u2039\u2e02\u2e04\u2e09\u2e0c\u2e1c\u2e20'
+
+Po = "!-#%-'*,.-/:-;?-@\\\\\xa1\xa7\xb6-\xb7\xbf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3-\u05f4\u0609-\u060a\u060c-\u060d\u061b\u061e-\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964-\u0965\u0970\u09fd\u0a76\u0af0\u0c84\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a-\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9-\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d-\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735-\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944-\u1945\u1a1e-\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e-\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u2016-\u2017\u2020-\u2027\u2030-\u2038\u203b-\u203e\u2041-\u2043\u2047-\u2051\u2053\u2055-\u205e\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe-\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00-\u2e01\u2e06-\u2e08\u2e0b\u2e0e-\u2e16\u2e18-\u2e19\u2e1b\u2e1e-\u2e1f\u2e2a-\u2e2e\u2e30-\u2e39\u2e3c-\u2e3f\u2e41\u2e43-\u2e4e\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe-\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce-\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua8fc\ua92e-\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de-\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade-\uaadf\uaaf0-\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45-\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a-\ufe6b\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e-\uff0f\uff1a-\uff1b\uff1f-\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64-\uff65\U00010100-\U00010102\U0001039f\U000103d0\U0001056f\U00010857\U0001091f\U0001093f\U00010a50-\U00010a58\U00010a7f\U00010af0-\U00010af6\U00010b39-\U00010b3f\U00010b99-\U00010b9c\U00010f55-\U00010f59\U00011047-\U0001104d\U000110bb-\U000110bc\U000110be-\U000110c1\U00011140-\U00011143\U00011174-\U00011175\U000111c5-\U000111c8\U000111cd\U000111db\U000111dd-\U000111df\U00011238-\U0001123d\U000112a9\U0001144b-\U0001144f\U0001145b\U0001145d\U000114c6\U000115c1-\U000115d7\U00011641-\U00011643\U00011660-\U0001166c\U0001173c-\U0001173e\U0001183b\U00011a3f-\U00011a46\U00011a9a-\U00011a9c\U00011a9e-\U00011aa2\U00011c41-\U00011c45\U00011c70-\U00011c71\U00011ef7-\U00011ef8\U00012470-\U00012474\U00016a6e-\U00016a6f\U00016af5\U00016b37-\U00016b3b\U00016b44\U00016e97-\U00016e9a\U0001bc9f\U0001da87-\U0001da8b\U0001e95e-\U0001e95f"
+
+Ps = '(\\[{\u0f3a\u0f3c\u169b\u201a\u201e\u2045\u207d\u208d\u2308\u230a\u2329\u2768\u276a\u276c\u276e\u2770\u2772\u2774\u27c5\u27e6\u27e8\u27ea\u27ec\u27ee\u2983\u2985\u2987\u2989\u298b\u298d\u298f\u2991\u2993\u2995\u2997\u29d8\u29da\u29fc\u2e22\u2e24\u2e26\u2e28\u2e42\u3008\u300a\u300c\u300e\u3010\u3014\u3016\u3018\u301a\u301d\ufd3f\ufe17\ufe35\ufe37\ufe39\ufe3b\ufe3d\ufe3f\ufe41\ufe43\ufe47\ufe59\ufe5b\ufe5d\uff08\uff3b\uff5b\uff5f\uff62'
+
+Sc = '$\xa2-\xa5\u058f\u060b\u07fe-\u07ff\u09f2-\u09f3\u09fb\u0af1\u0bf9\u0e3f\u17db\u20a0-\u20bf\ua838\ufdfc\ufe69\uff04\uffe0-\uffe1\uffe5-\uffe6\U0001ecb0'
+
+Sk = '\\^`\xa8\xaf\xb4\xb8\u02c2-\u02c5\u02d2-\u02df\u02e5-\u02eb\u02ed\u02ef-\u02ff\u0375\u0384-\u0385\u1fbd\u1fbf-\u1fc1\u1fcd-\u1fcf\u1fdd-\u1fdf\u1fed-\u1fef\u1ffd-\u1ffe\u309b-\u309c\ua700-\ua716\ua720-\ua721\ua789-\ua78a\uab5b\ufbb2-\ufbc1\uff3e\uff40\uffe3\U0001f3fb-\U0001f3ff'
+
+Sm = '+<->|~\xac\xb1\xd7\xf7\u03f6\u0606-\u0608\u2044\u2052\u207a-\u207c\u208a-\u208c\u2118\u2140-\u2144\u214b\u2190-\u2194\u219a-\u219b\u21a0\u21a3\u21a6\u21ae\u21ce-\u21cf\u21d2\u21d4\u21f4-\u22ff\u2320-\u2321\u237c\u239b-\u23b3\u23dc-\u23e1\u25b7\u25c1\u25f8-\u25ff\u266f\u27c0-\u27c4\u27c7-\u27e5\u27f0-\u27ff\u2900-\u2982\u2999-\u29d7\u29dc-\u29fb\u29fe-\u2aff\u2b30-\u2b44\u2b47-\u2b4c\ufb29\ufe62\ufe64-\ufe66\uff0b\uff1c-\uff1e\uff5c\uff5e\uffe2\uffe9-\uffec\U0001d6c1\U0001d6db\U0001d6fb\U0001d715\U0001d735\U0001d74f\U0001d76f\U0001d789\U0001d7a9\U0001d7c3\U0001eef0-\U0001eef1'
+
+So = '\xa6\xa9\xae\xb0\u0482\u058d-\u058e\u060e-\u060f\u06de\u06e9\u06fd-\u06fe\u07f6\u09fa\u0b70\u0bf3-\u0bf8\u0bfa\u0c7f\u0d4f\u0d79\u0f01-\u0f03\u0f13\u0f15-\u0f17\u0f1a-\u0f1f\u0f34\u0f36\u0f38\u0fbe-\u0fc5\u0fc7-\u0fcc\u0fce-\u0fcf\u0fd5-\u0fd8\u109e-\u109f\u1390-\u1399\u1940\u19de-\u19ff\u1b61-\u1b6a\u1b74-\u1b7c\u2100-\u2101\u2103-\u2106\u2108-\u2109\u2114\u2116-\u2117\u211e-\u2123\u2125\u2127\u2129\u212e\u213a-\u213b\u214a\u214c-\u214d\u214f\u218a-\u218b\u2195-\u2199\u219c-\u219f\u21a1-\u21a2\u21a4-\u21a5\u21a7-\u21ad\u21af-\u21cd\u21d0-\u21d1\u21d3\u21d5-\u21f3\u2300-\u2307\u230c-\u231f\u2322-\u2328\u232b-\u237b\u237d-\u239a\u23b4-\u23db\u23e2-\u2426\u2440-\u244a\u249c-\u24e9\u2500-\u25b6\u25b8-\u25c0\u25c2-\u25f7\u2600-\u266e\u2670-\u2767\u2794-\u27bf\u2800-\u28ff\u2b00-\u2b2f\u2b45-\u2b46\u2b4d-\u2b73\u2b76-\u2b95\u2b98-\u2bc8\u2bca-\u2bfe\u2ce5-\u2cea\u2e80-\u2e99\u2e9b-\u2ef3\u2f00-\u2fd5\u2ff0-\u2ffb\u3004\u3012-\u3013\u3020\u3036-\u3037\u303e-\u303f\u3190-\u3191\u3196-\u319f\u31c0-\u31e3\u3200-\u321e\u322a-\u3247\u3250\u3260-\u327f\u328a-\u32b0\u32c0-\u32fe\u3300-\u33ff\u4dc0-\u4dff\ua490-\ua4c6\ua828-\ua82b\ua836-\ua837\ua839\uaa77-\uaa79\ufdfd\uffe4\uffe8\uffed-\uffee\ufffc-\ufffd\U00010137-\U0001013f\U00010179-\U00010189\U0001018c-\U0001018e\U00010190-\U0001019b\U000101a0\U000101d0-\U000101fc\U00010877-\U00010878\U00010ac8\U0001173f\U00016b3c-\U00016b3f\U00016b45\U0001bc9c\U0001d000-\U0001d0f5\U0001d100-\U0001d126\U0001d129-\U0001d164\U0001d16a-\U0001d16c\U0001d183-\U0001d184\U0001d18c-\U0001d1a9\U0001d1ae-\U0001d1e8\U0001d200-\U0001d241\U0001d245\U0001d300-\U0001d356\U0001d800-\U0001d9ff\U0001da37-\U0001da3a\U0001da6d-\U0001da74\U0001da76-\U0001da83\U0001da85-\U0001da86\U0001ecac\U0001f000-\U0001f02b\U0001f030-\U0001f093\U0001f0a0-\U0001f0ae\U0001f0b1-\U0001f0bf\U0001f0c1-\U0001f0cf\U0001f0d1-\U0001f0f5\U0001f110-\U0001f16b\U0001f170-\U0001f1ac\U0001f1e6-\U0001f202\U0001f210-\U0001f23b\U0001f240-\U0001f248\U0001f250-\U0001f251\U0001f260-\U0001f265\U0001f300-\U0001f3fa\U0001f400-\U0001f6d4\U0001f6e0-\U0001f6ec\U0001f6f0-\U0001f6f9\U0001f700-\U0001f773\U0001f780-\U0001f7d8\U0001f800-\U0001f80b\U0001f810-\U0001f847\U0001f850-\U0001f859\U0001f860-\U0001f887\U0001f890-\U0001f8ad\U0001f900-\U0001f90b\U0001f910-\U0001f93e\U0001f940-\U0001f970\U0001f973-\U0001f976\U0001f97a\U0001f97c-\U0001f9a2\U0001f9b0-\U0001f9b9\U0001f9c0-\U0001f9c2\U0001f9d0-\U0001f9ff\U0001fa60-\U0001fa6d'
+
+Zl = '\u2028'
+
+Zp = '\u2029'
+
+Zs = ' \xa0\u1680\u2000-\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
+
+xid_continue = 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+
+xid_start = 'A-Z_a-z\xaa\xb5\xba\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xf6\xf8-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0370-\u0374\u0376-\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03f5\u03f7-\u0481\u048a-\u052f\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0560-\u0588\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06e5-\u06e6\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u0800-\u0815\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0971-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32\u0e40-\u0e46\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0ec6\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fc-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u13a0-\u13f5\u13f8-\u13fd\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16ee-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17d7\u17dc\u1820-\u1878\u1880-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1aa7\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c7d\u1c80-\u1c88\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u1d00-\u1dbf\u1e00-\u1f15\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f20-\u1f45\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fbc\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fcc\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fdb\u1fe0-\u1fec\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ffc\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2102\u2107\u210a-\u2113\u2115\u2118-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u2139\u213c-\u213f\u2145-\u2149\u214e\u2160-\u2188\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c60-\u2ce4\u2ceb-\u2cee\u2cf2-\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d6f\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3005-\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3031-\u3035\u3038-\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309d-\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30fc-\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4fd\ua500-\ua60c\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua640-\ua66e\ua67f-\ua69d\ua6a0-\ua6ef\ua717-\ua71f\ua722-\ua788\ua78b-\ua7b9\ua7f7-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9cf\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e6-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadd\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2-\uaaf4\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uab30-\uab5a\uab5c-\uab65\uab70-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufc5d\ufc64-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdf9\ufe71\ufe73\ufe77\ufe79\ufe7b\ufe7d\ufe7f-\ufefc\uff21-\uff3a\uff41-\uff5a\uff66-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U0001034a\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00010400-\U0001049d\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118a0-\U000118df\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012400-\U0001246e\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016e40-\U00016e7f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001d400-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d51e-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d552-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6fa\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d734\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d76e\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7cb\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001e900-\U0001e943\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+cats = ['Cc', 'Cf', 'Cn', 'Co', 'Cs', 'Ll', 'Lm', 'Lo', 'Lt', 'Lu', 'Mc', 'Me', 'Mn', 'Nd', 'Nl', 'No', 'Pc', 'Pd', 'Pe', 'Pf', 'Pi', 'Po', 'Ps', 'Sc', 'Sk', 'Sm', 'So', 'Zl', 'Zp', 'Zs']
+
+# Generated from unidata 11.0.0
+
+def combine(*args):
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in args)
+
+
+def allexcept(*args):
+    newcats = cats[:]
+    for arg in args:
+        newcats.remove(arg)
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in newcats)
+
+
+def _handle_runs(char_list):  # pragma: no cover
+    buf = []
+    for c in char_list:
+        if len(c) == 1:
+            if buf and buf[-1][1] == chr(ord(c)-1):
+                buf[-1] = (buf[-1][0], c)
+            else:
+                buf.append((c, c))
+        else:
+            buf.append((c, c))
+    for a, b in buf:
+        if a == b:
+            yield a
+        else:
+            yield f'{a}-{b}'
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':  # pragma: no cover
+    import unicodedata
+
+    categories = {'xid_start': [], 'xid_continue': []}
+
+    with open(__file__, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = fp.read()
+
+    header = content[:content.find('Cc =')]
+    footer = content[content.find("def combine("):]
+
+    for code in range(0x110000):
+        c = chr(code)
+        cat = unicodedata.category(c)
+        if ord(c) == 0xdc00:
+            # Hack to avoid combining this combining with the preceding high
+            # surrogate, 0xdbff, when doing a repr.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        elif ord(c) in (0x2d, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e):
+            # Escape regex metachars.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        categories.setdefault(cat, []).append(c)
+        # XID_START and XID_CONTINUE are special categories used for matching
+        # identifiers in Python 3.
+        if c.isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_start'].append(c)
+        if ('a' + c).isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_continue'].append(c)
+
+    with open(__file__, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        fp.write(header)
+
+        for cat in sorted(categories):
+            val = ''.join(_handle_runs(categories[cat]))
+            fp.write(f'{cat} = {val!a}\n\n')
+
+        cats = sorted(categories)
+        cats.remove('xid_start')
+        cats.remove('xid_continue')
+        fp.write(f'cats = {cats!r}\n\n')
+
+        fp.write(f'# Generated from unidata {unicodedata.unidata_version}\n\n')
+
+        fp.write(footer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83cf104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+"""
+    pygments.util
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Utility functions.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+
+
+split_path_re = re.compile(r'[/\\ ]')
+doctype_lookup_re = re.compile(r'''
+    <!DOCTYPE\s+(
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*
+     (?: \s+      # optional in HTML5
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*\s+
+     "[^"]*")?
+     )
+     [^>]*>
+''', re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE)
+tag_re = re.compile(r'<(.+?)(\s.*?)?>.*?</.+?>',
+                    re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+xml_decl_re = re.compile(r'\s*<\?xml[^>]*\?>', re.I)
+
+
+class ClassNotFound(ValueError):
+    """Raised if one of the lookup functions didn't find a matching class."""
+
+
+class OptionError(Exception):
+    """
+    This exception will be raised by all option processing functions if
+    the type or value of the argument is not correct.
+    """
+
+def get_choice_opt(options, optname, allowed, default=None, normcase=False):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary is not in the sequence
+    `allowed`, raise an error, otherwise return it.
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if normcase:
+        string = string.lower()
+    if string not in allowed:
+        raise OptionError('Value for option {} must be one of {}'.format(optname, ', '.join(map(str, allowed))))
+    return string
+
+
+def get_bool_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    Intuitively, this is `options.get(optname, default)`, but restricted to
+    Boolean value. The Booleans can be represented as string, in order to accept
+    Boolean value from the command line arguments. If the key `optname` is
+    present in the dictionary `options` and is not associated with a Boolean,
+    raise an `OptionError`. If it is absent, `default` is returned instead.
+
+    The valid string values for ``True`` are ``1``, ``yes``, ``true`` and
+    ``on``, the ones for ``False`` are ``0``, ``no``, ``false`` and ``off``
+    (matched case-insensitively).
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(string, bool):
+        return string
+    elif isinstance(string, int):
+        return bool(string)
+    elif not isinstance(string, str):
+        raise OptionError(f'Invalid type {string!r} for option {optname}; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off')
+    elif string.lower() in ('1', 'yes', 'true', 'on'):
+        return True
+    elif string.lower() in ('0', 'no', 'false', 'off'):
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise OptionError(f'Invalid value {string!r} for option {optname}; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off')
+
+
+def get_int_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """As :func:`get_bool_opt`, but interpret the value as an integer."""
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    try:
+        return int(string)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise OptionError(f'Invalid type {string!r} for option {optname}; you '
+                          'must give an integer value')
+    except ValueError:
+        raise OptionError(f'Invalid value {string!r} for option {optname}; you '
+                          'must give an integer value')
+
+def get_list_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary `options` is a string,
+    split it at whitespace and return it. If it is already a list
+    or a tuple, it is returned as a list.
+    """
+    val = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(val, str):
+        return val.split()
+    elif isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
+        return list(val)
+    else:
+        raise OptionError(f'Invalid type {val!r} for option {optname}; you '
+                          'must give a list value')
+
+
+def docstring_headline(obj):
+    if not obj.__doc__:
+        return ''
+    res = []
+    for line in obj.__doc__.strip().splitlines():
+        if line.strip():
+            res.append(" " + line.strip())
+        else:
+            break
+    return ''.join(res).lstrip()
+
+
+def make_analysator(f):
+    """Return a static text analyser function that returns float values."""
+    def text_analyse(text):
+        try:
+            rv = f(text)
+        except Exception:
+            return 0.0
+        if not rv:
+            return 0.0
+        try:
+            return min(1.0, max(0.0, float(rv)))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return 0.0
+    text_analyse.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+    return staticmethod(text_analyse)
+
+
+def shebang_matches(text, regex):
+    r"""Check if the given regular expression matches the last part of the
+    shebang if one exists.
+
+        >>> from pygments.util import shebang_matches
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/env python', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python2.4', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python-ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python/ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/startsomethingwith python',
+        ...                 r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    It also checks for common windows executable file extensions::
+
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!C:\\Python2.4\\Python.exe', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    Parameters (``'-f'`` or ``'--foo'`` are ignored so ``'perl'`` does
+    the same as ``'perl -e'``)
+
+    Note that this method automatically searches the whole string (eg:
+    the regular expression is wrapped in ``'^$'``)
+    """
+    index = text.find('\n')
+    if index >= 0:
+        first_line = text[:index].lower()
+    else:
+        first_line = text.lower()
+    if first_line.startswith('#!'):
+        try:
+            found = [x for x in split_path_re.split(first_line[2:].strip())
+                     if x and not x.startswith('-')][-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
+        regex = re.compile(rf'^{regex}(\.(exe|cmd|bat|bin))?$', re.IGNORECASE)
+        if regex.search(found) is not None:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def doctype_matches(text, regex):
+    """Check if the doctype matches a regular expression (if present).
+
+    Note that this method only checks the first part of a DOCTYPE.
+    eg: 'html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"'
+    """
+    m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+    if m is None:
+        return False
+    doctype = m.group(1)
+    return re.compile(regex, re.I).match(doctype.strip()) is not None
+
+
+def html_doctype_matches(text):
+    """Check if the file looks like it has a html doctype."""
+    return doctype_matches(text, r'html')
+
+
+_looks_like_xml_cache = {}
+
+
+def looks_like_xml(text):
+    """Check if a doctype exists or if we have some tags."""
+    if xml_decl_re.match(text):
+        return True
+    key = hash(text)
+    try:
+        return _looks_like_xml_cache[key]
+    except KeyError:
+        m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+        if m is not None:
+            return True
+        rv = tag_re.search(text[:1000]) is not None
+        _looks_like_xml_cache[key] = rv
+        return rv
+
+
+def surrogatepair(c):
+    """Given a unicode character code with length greater than 16 bits,
+    return the two 16 bit surrogate pair.
+    """
+    # From example D28 of:
+    # http://www.unicode.org/book/ch03.pdf
+    return (0xd7c0 + (c >> 10), (0xdc00 + (c & 0x3ff)))
+
+
+def format_lines(var_name, seq, raw=False, indent_level=0):
+    """Formats a sequence of strings for output."""
+    lines = []
+    base_indent = ' ' * indent_level * 4
+    inner_indent = ' ' * (indent_level + 1) * 4
+    lines.append(base_indent + var_name + ' = (')
+    if raw:
+        # These should be preformatted reprs of, say, tuples.
+        for i in seq:
+            lines.append(inner_indent + i + ',')
+    else:
+        for i in seq:
+            # Force use of single quotes
+            r = repr(i + '"')
+            lines.append(inner_indent + r[:-2] + r[-1] + ',')
+    lines.append(base_indent + ')')
+    return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+def duplicates_removed(it, already_seen=()):
+    """
+    Returns a list with duplicates removed from the iterable `it`.
+
+    Order is preserved.
+    """
+    lst = []
+    seen = set()
+    for i in it:
+        if i in seen or i in already_seen:
+            continue
+        lst.append(i)
+        seen.add(i)
+    return lst
+
+
+class Future:
+    """Generic class to defer some work.
+
+    Handled specially in RegexLexerMeta, to support regex string construction at
+    first use.
+    """
+    def get(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def guess_decode(text):
+    """Decode *text* with guessed encoding.
+
+    First try UTF-8; this should fail for non-UTF-8 encodings.
+    Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    try:
+        text = text.decode('utf-8')
+        return text, 'utf-8'
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        try:
+            import locale
+            prefencoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
+            text = text.decode()
+            return text, prefencoding
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
+            text = text.decode('latin1')
+            return text, 'latin1'
+
+
+def guess_decode_from_terminal(text, term):
+    """Decode *text* coming from terminal *term*.
+
+    First try the terminal encoding, if given.
+    Then try UTF-8.  Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        try:
+            text = text.decode(term.encoding)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return text, term.encoding
+    return guess_decode(text)
+
+
+def terminal_encoding(term):
+    """Return our best guess of encoding for the given *term*."""
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        return term.encoding
+    import locale
+    return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+
+class UnclosingTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper):
+    # Don't close underlying buffer on destruction.
+    def close(self):
+        self.flush()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddfcf7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Wrappers to call pyproject.toml-based build backend hooks.
+"""
+
+from ._impl import (
+    BackendInvalid,
+    BackendUnavailable,
+    BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    HookMissing,
+    UnsupportedOperation,
+    default_subprocess_runner,
+    quiet_subprocess_runner,
+)
+
+__version__ = '1.0.0'
+__all__ = [
+    'BackendUnavailable',
+    'BackendInvalid',
+    'HookMissing',
+    'UnsupportedOperation',
+    'default_subprocess_runner',
+    'quiet_subprocess_runner',
+    'BuildBackendHookCaller',
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95e509c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+__all__ = ("tomllib",)
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    from pip._vendor import tomli as tomllib
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b0e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from os.path import abspath
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+from subprocess import STDOUT, check_call, check_output
+
+from ._in_process import _in_proc_script_path
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend cannot be imported in the hook process."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend is invalid."""
+    def __init__(self, backend_name, backend_path, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.backend_name = backend_name
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Will be raised on missing hooks (if a fallback can't be used)."""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+class UnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """May be raised by build_sdist if the backend indicates that it can't."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def default_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """The default method of calling the wrapper subprocess.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_call` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_call(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env)
+
+
+def quiet_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """Call the subprocess while suppressing output.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_output` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_output(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env, stderr=STDOUT)
+
+
+def norm_and_check(source_tree, requested):
+    """Normalise and check a backend path.
+
+    Ensure that the requested backend path is specified as a relative path,
+    and resolves to a location under the given source tree.
+
+    Return an absolute version of the requested path.
+    """
+    if os.path.isabs(requested):
+        raise ValueError("paths must be relative")
+
+    abs_source = os.path.abspath(source_tree)
+    abs_requested = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(abs_source, requested))
+    # We have to use commonprefix for Python 2.7 compatibility. So we
+    # normalise case to avoid problems because commonprefix is a character
+    # based comparison :-(
+    norm_source = os.path.normcase(abs_source)
+    norm_requested = os.path.normcase(abs_requested)
+    if os.path.commonprefix([norm_source, norm_requested]) != norm_source:
+        raise ValueError("paths must be inside source tree")
+
+    return abs_requested
+
+
+class BuildBackendHookCaller:
+    """A wrapper to call the build backend hooks for a source directory.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            source_dir,
+            build_backend,
+            backend_path=None,
+            runner=None,
+            python_executable=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        :param source_dir: The source directory to invoke the build backend for
+        :param build_backend: The build backend spec
+        :param backend_path: Additional path entries for the build backend spec
+        :param runner: The :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>` to use
+        :param python_executable:
+            The Python executable used to invoke the build backend
+        """
+        if runner is None:
+            runner = default_subprocess_runner
+
+        self.source_dir = abspath(source_dir)
+        self.build_backend = build_backend
+        if backend_path:
+            backend_path = [
+                norm_and_check(self.source_dir, p) for p in backend_path
+            ]
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        if not python_executable:
+            python_executable = sys.executable
+        self.python_executable = python_executable
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def subprocess_runner(self, runner):
+        """A context manager for temporarily overriding the default
+        :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>`.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            hook_caller = BuildBackendHookCaller(...)
+            with hook_caller.subprocess_runner(quiet_subprocess_runner):
+                ...
+        """
+        prev = self._subprocess_runner
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._subprocess_runner = prev
+
+    def _supported_features(self):
+        """Return the list of optional features supported by the backend."""
+        return self._call_hook('_supported_features', {})
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building a wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_wheel', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_wheel`` hook and the dist-info extracted from
+            that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_wheel(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build a wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_wheel`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel`, the build backend would
+            not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be copied
+            to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_wheel', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an editable wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_editable', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_editable`` hook and the dist-info
+            extracted from that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_editable', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_editable(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build an editable wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_editable`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_editable`, the build backend
+            would not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be
+            copied to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be
+            returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_editable', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an sdist.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_sdist', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def build_sdist(self, sdist_directory, config_settings=None):
+        """Build an sdist from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created sdist within ``wheel_directory``.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('build_sdist', {
+            'sdist_directory': abspath(sdist_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+        })
+
+    def _call_hook(self, hook_name, kwargs):
+        extra_environ = {'PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND': self.build_backend}
+
+        if self.backend_path:
+            backend_path = os.pathsep.join(self.backend_path)
+            extra_environ['PEP517_BACKEND_PATH'] = backend_path
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            hook_input = {'kwargs': kwargs}
+            write_json(hook_input, pjoin(td, 'input.json'), indent=2)
+
+            # Run the hook in a subprocess
+            with _in_proc_script_path() as script:
+                python = self.python_executable
+                self._subprocess_runner(
+                    [python, abspath(str(script)), hook_name, td],
+                    cwd=self.source_dir,
+                    extra_environ=extra_environ
+                )
+
+            data = read_json(pjoin(td, 'output.json'))
+            if data.get('unsupported'):
+                raise UnsupportedOperation(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('no_backend'):
+                raise BackendUnavailable(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('backend_invalid'):
+                raise BackendInvalid(
+                    backend_name=self.build_backend,
+                    backend_path=self.backend_path,
+                    message=data.get('backend_error', '')
+                )
+            if data.get('hook_missing'):
+                raise HookMissing(data.get('missing_hook_name') or hook_name)
+            return data['return_val']
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917fa06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""This is a subpackage because the directory is on sys.path for _in_process.py
+
+The subpackage should stay as empty as possible to avoid shadowing modules that
+the backend might import.
+"""
+
+import importlib.resources as resources
+
+try:
+    resources.files
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 3.8 compatibility
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.path(__package__, '_in_process.py')
+else:
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.as_file(
+            resources.files(__package__).joinpath('_in_process.py'))
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee511ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+"""This is invoked in a subprocess to call the build backend hooks.
+
+It expects:
+- Command line args: hook_name, control_dir
+- Environment variables:
+      PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND=entry.point:spec
+      PEP517_BACKEND_PATH=paths (separated with os.pathsep)
+- control_dir/input.json:
+  - {"kwargs": {...}}
+
+Results:
+- control_dir/output.json
+  - {"return_val": ...}
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import traceback
+from glob import glob
+from importlib import import_module
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+
+# This file is run as a script, and `import wrappers` is not zip-safe, so we
+# include write_json() and read_json() from wrappers.py.
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Raised if we cannot import the backend"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Raised if the backend is invalid"""
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Raised if a hook is missing and we are not executing the fallback"""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name=None):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+def contained_in(filename, directory):
+    """Test if a file is located within the given directory."""
+    filename = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(filename))
+    directory = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(directory))
+    return os.path.commonprefix([filename, directory]) == directory
+
+
+def _build_backend():
+    """Find and load the build backend"""
+    # Add in-tree backend directories to the front of sys.path.
+    backend_path = os.environ.get('PEP517_BACKEND_PATH')
+    if backend_path:
+        extra_pathitems = backend_path.split(os.pathsep)
+        sys.path[:0] = extra_pathitems
+
+    ep = os.environ['PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND']
+    mod_path, _, obj_path = ep.partition(':')
+    try:
+        obj = import_module(mod_path)
+    except ImportError:
+        raise BackendUnavailable(traceback.format_exc())
+
+    if backend_path:
+        if not any(
+            contained_in(obj.__file__, path)
+            for path in extra_pathitems
+        ):
+            raise BackendInvalid("Backend was not loaded from backend-path")
+
+    if obj_path:
+        for path_part in obj_path.split('.'):
+            obj = getattr(obj, path_part)
+    return obj
+
+
+def _supported_features():
+    """Return the list of options features supported by the backend.
+
+    Returns a list of strings.
+    The only possible value is 'build_editable'.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    features = []
+    if hasattr(backend, "build_editable"):
+        features.append("build_editable")
+    return features
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_editable hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+
+    Implements a fallback by building a wheel if the hook isn't defined,
+    unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    # fallback to build_wheel outside the try block to avoid exception chaining
+    # which can be confusing to users and is not relevant
+    whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename, metadata_directory,
+                                          config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+
+    Implements a fallback by building an editable wheel if the hook isn't
+    defined, unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is
+    raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+        try:
+            build_hook = backend.build_editable
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise HookMissing(hook_name='build_editable')
+        else:
+            whl_basename = build_hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+            return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename,
+                                                  metadata_directory,
+                                                  config_settings)
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+
+
+WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER = 'PEP517_ALREADY_BUILT_WHEEL'
+
+
+def _dist_info_files(whl_zip):
+    """Identify the .dist-info folder inside a wheel ZipFile."""
+    res = []
+    for path in whl_zip.namelist():
+        m = re.match(r'[^/\\]+-[^/\\]+\.dist-info/', path)
+        if m:
+            res.append(path)
+    if res:
+        return res
+    raise Exception("No .dist-info folder found in wheel")
+
+
+def _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(
+        whl_basename, metadata_directory, config_settings):
+    """Extract the metadata from a wheel.
+
+    Fallback for when the build backend does not
+    define the 'get_wheel_metadata' hook.
+    """
+    from zipfile import ZipFile
+    with open(os.path.join(metadata_directory, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER), 'wb'):
+        pass  # Touch marker file
+
+    whl_file = os.path.join(metadata_directory, whl_basename)
+    with ZipFile(whl_file) as zipf:
+        dist_info = _dist_info_files(zipf)
+        zipf.extractall(path=metadata_directory, members=dist_info)
+    return dist_info[0].split('/')[0]
+
+
+def _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory):
+    """Check for a wheel already built during the get_wheel_metadata hook.
+    """
+    if not metadata_directory:
+        return None
+    metadata_parent = os.path.dirname(metadata_directory)
+    if not os.path.isfile(pjoin(metadata_parent, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER)):
+        return None
+
+    whl_files = glob(os.path.join(metadata_parent, '*.whl'))
+    if not whl_files:
+        print('Found wheel built marker, but no .whl files')
+        return None
+    if len(whl_files) > 1:
+        print('Found multiple .whl files; unspecified behaviour. '
+              'Will call build_wheel.')
+        return None
+
+    # Exactly one .whl file
+    return whl_files[0]
+
+
+def build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_wheel hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+    if prebuilt_whl:
+        shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+        return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+    return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
+                                        metadata_directory)
+
+
+def build_editable(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the optional build_editable hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_editable fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+        if prebuilt_whl:
+            shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+            return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+        return hook(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_sdist
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+class _DummyException(Exception):
+    """Nothing should ever raise this exception"""
+
+
+class GotUnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """For internal use when backend raises UnsupportedOperation"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_sdist hook."""
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        return backend.build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings)
+    except getattr(backend, 'UnsupportedOperation', _DummyException):
+        raise GotUnsupportedOperation(traceback.format_exc())
+
+
+HOOK_NAMES = {
+    'get_requires_for_build_wheel',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel',
+    'build_wheel',
+    'get_requires_for_build_editable',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_editable',
+    'build_editable',
+    'get_requires_for_build_sdist',
+    'build_sdist',
+    '_supported_features',
+}
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+        sys.exit("Needs args: hook_name, control_dir")
+    hook_name = sys.argv[1]
+    control_dir = sys.argv[2]
+    if hook_name not in HOOK_NAMES:
+        sys.exit("Unknown hook: %s" % hook_name)
+    hook = globals()[hook_name]
+
+    hook_input = read_json(pjoin(control_dir, 'input.json'))
+
+    json_out = {'unsupported': False, 'return_val': None}
+    try:
+        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
+    except BackendUnavailable as e:
+        json_out['no_backend'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except BackendInvalid as e:
+        json_out['backend_invalid'] = True
+        json_out['backend_error'] = e.message
+    except GotUnsupportedOperation as e:
+        json_out['unsupported'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except HookMissing as e:
+        json_out['hook_missing'] = True
+        json_out['missing_hook_name'] = e.hook_name or hook_name
+
+    write_json(json_out, pjoin(control_dir, 'output.json'), indent=2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04230fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#   __
+#  /__)  _  _     _   _ _/   _
+# / (   (- (/ (/ (- _)  /  _)
+#          /
+
+"""
+Requests HTTP Library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
+Basic GET usage:
+
+   >>> import requests
+   >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
+   >>> r.status_code
+   200
+   >>> b'Python is a programming language' in r.content
+   True
+
+... or POST:
+
+   >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+   >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
+   >>> print(r.text)
+   {
+     ...
+     "form": {
+       "key1": "value1",
+       "key2": "value2"
+     },
+     ...
+   }
+
+The other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation
+is at <https://requests.readthedocs.io>.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2017 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+import warnings
+
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
+
+charset_normalizer_version = None
+chardet_version = None
+
+
+def check_compatibility(urllib3_version, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version):
+    urllib3_version = urllib3_version.split(".")
+    assert urllib3_version != ["dev"]  # Verify urllib3 isn't installed from git.
+
+    # Sometimes, urllib3 only reports its version as 16.1.
+    if len(urllib3_version) == 2:
+        urllib3_version.append("0")
+
+    # Check urllib3 for compatibility.
+    major, minor, patch = urllib3_version  # noqa: F811
+    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+    # urllib3 >= 1.21.1
+    assert major >= 1
+    if major == 1:
+        assert minor >= 21
+
+    # Check charset_normalizer for compatibility.
+    if chardet_version:
+        major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 6.0.0
+        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (6, 0, 0)
+    elif charset_normalizer_version:
+        major, minor, patch = charset_normalizer_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # charset_normalizer >= 2.0.0 < 4.0.0
+        assert (2, 0, 0) <= (major, minor, patch) < (4, 0, 0)
+    else:
+        # pip does not need or use character detection
+        pass
+
+
+def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version):
+    # cryptography < 1.3.4
+    try:
+        cryptography_version = list(map(int, cryptography_version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        return
+
+    if cryptography_version < [1, 3, 4]:
+        warning = "Old version of cryptography ({}) may cause slowdown.".format(
+            cryptography_version
+        )
+        warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
+
+
+# Check imported dependencies for compatibility.
+try:
+    check_compatibility(
+        urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+    )
+except (AssertionError, ValueError):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({})/charset_normalizer ({}) doesn't match a supported "
+        "version!".format(
+            urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+        ),
+        RequestsDependencyWarning,
+    )
+
+# Attempt to enable urllib3's fallback for SNI support
+# if the standard library doesn't support SNI or the
+# 'ssl' library isn't available.
+try:
+    # Note: This logic prevents upgrading cryptography on Windows, if imported
+    #       as part of pip.
+    from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        raise ImportError("pip internals: don't import cryptography on Windows")
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        ssl = None
+
+    if not getattr(ssl, "HAS_SNI", False):
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+        # Check cryptography version
+        from cryptography import __version__ as cryptography_version
+
+        _check_cryptography(cryptography_version)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+# urllib3's DependencyWarnings should be silenced.
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DependencyWarning)
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import packages, utils
+from .__version__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __author_email__,
+    __build__,
+    __cake__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __description__,
+    __license__,
+    __title__,
+    __url__,
+    __version__,
+)
+from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    FileModeWarning,
+    HTTPError,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RequestException,
+    Timeout,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    URLRequired,
+)
+from .models import PreparedRequest, Request, Response
+from .sessions import Session, session
+from .status_codes import codes
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+# FileModeWarnings go off per the default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", FileModeWarning, append=True)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c105ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .-.
+# |(  |-  |.| | | |-  `-.  |  `-.
+# ' ' `-' `-`.`-' `-' `-'  '  `-'
+
+__title__ = "requests"
+__description__ = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+__url__ = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+__version__ = "2.32.3"
+__build__ = 0x023203
+__author__ = "Kenneth Reitz"
+__author_email__ = "me@kennethreitz.org"
+__license__ = "Apache-2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright Kenneth Reitz"
+__cake__ = "\u2728 \U0001f370 \u2728"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2cf635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""
+requests._internal_utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Provides utility functions that are consumed internally by Requests
+which depend on extremely few external helpers (such as compat)
+"""
+import re
+
+from .compat import builtin_str
+
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR)
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE)
+HEADER_VALIDATORS = {
+    bytes: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    str: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+}
+
+
+def to_native_string(string, encoding="ascii"):
+    """Given a string object, regardless of type, returns a representation of
+    that string in the native string type, encoding and decoding where
+    necessary. This assumes ASCII unless told otherwise.
+    """
+    if isinstance(string, builtin_str):
+        out = string
+    else:
+        out = string.decode(encoding)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def unicode_is_ascii(u_string):
+    """Determine if unicode string only contains ASCII characters.
+
+    :param str u_string: unicode string to check. Must be unicode
+        and not Python 2 `str`.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    assert isinstance(u_string, str)
+    try:
+        u_string.encode("ascii")
+        return True
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7030777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+"""
+requests.adapters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the transport adapters that Requests uses to define
+and maintain connections.
+"""
+
+import os.path
+import socket  # noqa: F401
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError, ConnectTimeoutError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError, ResponseError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util.retry import Retry
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ import create_urllib3_context
+
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import basestring, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidProxyURL,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    InvalidURL,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RetryError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .models import Response
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH,
+    extract_zipped_paths,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_encoding_from_headers,
+    prepend_scheme_if_needed,
+    select_proxy,
+    urldefragauth,
+)
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager
+except ImportError:
+
+    def SOCKSProxyManager(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise InvalidSchema("Missing dependencies for SOCKS support.")
+
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .models import PreparedRequest
+
+
+DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK = False
+DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10
+DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0
+DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None
+
+
+try:
+    import ssl  # noqa: F401
+
+    _preloaded_ssl_context = create_urllib3_context()
+    _preloaded_ssl_context.load_verify_locations(
+        extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    # Bypass default SSLContext creation when Python
+    # interpreter isn't built with the ssl module.
+    _preloaded_ssl_context = None
+
+
+def _urllib3_request_context(
+    request: "PreparedRequest",
+    verify: "bool | str | None",
+    client_cert: "typing.Tuple[str, str] | str | None",
+    poolmanager: "PoolManager",
+) -> "(typing.Dict[str, typing.Any], typing.Dict[str, typing.Any])":
+    host_params = {}
+    pool_kwargs = {}
+    parsed_request_url = urlparse(request.url)
+    scheme = parsed_request_url.scheme.lower()
+    port = parsed_request_url.port
+
+    # Determine if we have and should use our default SSLContext
+    # to optimize performance on standard requests.
+    poolmanager_kwargs = getattr(poolmanager, "connection_pool_kw", {})
+    has_poolmanager_ssl_context = poolmanager_kwargs.get("ssl_context")
+    should_use_default_ssl_context = (
+        _preloaded_ssl_context is not None and not has_poolmanager_ssl_context
+    )
+
+    cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+    if verify is False:
+        cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
+    elif verify is True and should_use_default_ssl_context:
+        pool_kwargs["ssl_context"] = _preloaded_ssl_context
+    elif isinstance(verify, str):
+        if not os.path.isdir(verify):
+            pool_kwargs["ca_certs"] = verify
+        else:
+            pool_kwargs["ca_cert_dir"] = verify
+    pool_kwargs["cert_reqs"] = cert_reqs
+    if client_cert is not None:
+        if isinstance(client_cert, tuple) and len(client_cert) == 2:
+            pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert[0]
+            pool_kwargs["key_file"] = client_cert[1]
+        else:
+            # According to our docs, we allow users to specify just the client
+            # cert path
+            pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert
+    host_params = {
+        "scheme": scheme,
+        "host": parsed_request_url.hostname,
+        "port": port,
+    }
+    return host_params, pool_kwargs
+
+
+class BaseAdapter:
+    """The Base Transport Adapter"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Cleans up adapter specific items."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    """The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3.
+
+    Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and
+    HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will
+    usually be created by the :class:`Session <Session>` class under the
+    covers.
+
+    :param pool_connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+    :param pool_maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+    :param max_retries: The maximum number of retries each connection
+        should attempt. Note, this applies only to failed DNS lookups, socket
+        connections and connection timeouts, never to requests where data has
+        made it to the server. By default, Requests does not retry failed
+        connections. If you need granular control over the conditions under
+        which we retry a request, import urllib3's ``Retry`` class and pass
+        that instead.
+    :param pool_block: Whether the connection pool should block for connections.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3)
+      >>> s.mount('http://', a)
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "max_retries",
+        "config",
+        "_pool_connections",
+        "_pool_maxsize",
+        "_pool_block",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pool_connections=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        pool_maxsize=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        max_retries=DEFAULT_RETRIES,
+        pool_block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+    ):
+        if max_retries == DEFAULT_RETRIES:
+            self.max_retries = Retry(0, read=False)
+        else:
+            self.max_retries = Retry.from_int(max_retries)
+        self.config = {}
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self._pool_connections = pool_connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = pool_maxsize
+        self._pool_block = pool_block
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(pool_connections, pool_maxsize, block=pool_block)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        # Can't handle by adding 'proxy_manager' to self.__attrs__ because
+        # self.poolmanager uses a lambda function, which isn't pickleable.
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+        self.config = {}
+
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(
+            self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block
+        )
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self, connections, maxsize, block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, **pool_kwargs
+    ):
+        """Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+        :param maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+        :param block: Block when no free connections are available.
+        :param pool_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to initialize the Pool Manager.
+        """
+        # save these values for pickling
+        self._pool_connections = connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = maxsize
+        self._pool_block = block
+
+        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(
+            num_pools=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs):
+        """Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The proxy to return a urllib3 ProxyManager for.
+        :param proxy_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to configure the Proxy Manager.
+        :returns: ProxyManager
+        :rtype: urllib3.ProxyManager
+        """
+        if proxy in self.proxy_manager:
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy]
+        elif proxy.lower().startswith("socks"):
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = SOCKSProxyManager(
+                proxy,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            proxy_headers = self.proxy_headers(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = proxy_from_url(
+                proxy,
+                proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return manager
+
+    def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
+        """Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
+        code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
+        :param url: The requested URL.
+        :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
+        """
+        if url.lower().startswith("https") and verify:
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+
+            # Only load the CA certificates if 'verify' is a string indicating the CA bundle to use.
+            # Otherwise, if verify is a boolean, we don't load anything since
+            # the connection will be using a context with the default certificates already loaded,
+            # and this avoids a call to the slow load_verify_locations()
+            if verify is not True:
+                # `verify` must be a str with a path then
+                cert_loc = verify
+
+                if not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
+                    raise OSError(
+                        f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                        f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
+                    )
+
+                if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
+                    conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
+                else:
+                    conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
+        else:
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
+            conn.ca_certs = None
+            conn.ca_cert_dir = None
+
+        if cert:
+            if not isinstance(cert, basestring):
+                conn.cert_file = cert[0]
+                conn.key_file = cert[1]
+            else:
+                conn.cert_file = cert
+                conn.key_file = None
+            if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
+                    f"invalid path: {conn.cert_file}"
+                )
+            if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS key file, invalid path: {conn.key_file}"
+                )
+
+    def build_response(self, req, resp):
+        """Builds a :class:`Response <requests.Response>` object from a urllib3
+        response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed
+        for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`
+
+        :param req: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` used to generate the response.
+        :param resp: The urllib3 response object.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        response = Response()
+
+        # Fallback to None if there's no status_code, for whatever reason.
+        response.status_code = getattr(resp, "status", None)
+
+        # Make headers case-insensitive.
+        response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, "headers", {}))
+
+        # Set encoding.
+        response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+        response.raw = resp
+        response.reason = response.raw.reason
+
+        if isinstance(req.url, bytes):
+            response.url = req.url.decode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            response.url = req.url
+
+        # Add new cookies from the server.
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(response.cookies, req, resp)
+
+        # Give the Response some context.
+        response.request = req
+        response.connection = self
+
+        return response
+
+    def build_connection_pool_key_attributes(self, request, verify, cert=None):
+        """Build the PoolKey attributes used by urllib3 to return a connection.
+
+        This looks at the PreparedRequest, the user-specified verify value,
+        and the value of the cert parameter to determine what PoolKey values
+        to use to select a connection from a given urllib3 Connection Pool.
+
+        The SSL related pool key arguments are not consistently set. As of
+        this writing, use the following to determine what keys may be in that
+        dictionary:
+
+        * If ``verify`` is ``True``, ``"ssl_context"`` will be set and will be the
+          default Requests SSL Context
+        * If ``verify`` is ``False``, ``"ssl_context"`` will not be set but
+          ``"cert_reqs"`` will be set
+        * If ``verify`` is a string, (i.e., it is a user-specified trust bundle)
+          ``"ca_certs"`` will be set if the string is not a directory recognized
+          by :py:func:`os.path.isdir`, otherwise ``"ca_certs_dir"`` will be
+          set.
+        * If ``"cert"`` is specified, ``"cert_file"`` will always be set. If
+          ``"cert"`` is a tuple with a second item, ``"key_file"`` will also
+          be present
+
+        To override these settings, one may subclass this class, call this
+        method and use the above logic to change parameters as desired. For
+        example, if one wishes to use a custom :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext` one
+        must both set ``"ssl_context"`` and based on what else they require,
+        alter the other keys to ensure the desired behaviour.
+
+        :param request:
+            The PreparedReqest being sent over the connection.
+        :type request:
+            :class:`~requests.models.PreparedRequest`
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). This may be a string (i.e., just
+            the path to a file which holds both certificate and key) or a
+            tuple of length 2 with the certificate file path and key file
+            path.
+        :returns:
+            A tuple of two dictionaries. The first is the "host parameters"
+            portion of the Pool Key including scheme, hostname, and port. The
+            second is a dictionary of SSLContext related parameters.
+        """
+        return _urllib3_request_context(request, verify, cert, self.poolmanager)
+
+    def get_connection_with_tls_context(self, request, verify, proxies=None, cert=None):
+        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given request and TLS settings.
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request:
+            The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to be sent
+            over the connection.
+        :param verify:
+            Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the
+            server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a
+            path to a CA bundle to use.
+        :param proxies:
+            (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :param cert:
+            (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be used for client
+            authentication (a.k.a., mTLS).
+        :rtype:
+            urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
+        try:
+            host_params, pool_kwargs = self.build_connection_pool_key_attributes(
+                request,
+                verify,
+                cert,
+            )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
+        if proxy:
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
+            proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
+            if not proxy_url.host:
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
+            proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
+            conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_host(
+                **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            # Only scheme should be lower case
+            conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_host(
+                **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+    def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None):
+        """DEPRECATED: Users should move to `get_connection_with_tls_context`
+        for all subclasses of HTTPAdapter using Requests>=2.32.2.
+
+        Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
+        called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param url: The URL to connect to.
+        :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
+        :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            (
+                "`get_connection` has been deprecated in favor of "
+                "`get_connection_with_tls_context`. Custom HTTPAdapter subclasses "
+                "will need to migrate for Requests>=2.32.2. Please see "
+                "https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/6710 for more details."
+            ),
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies)
+
+        if proxy:
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
+            proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
+            if not proxy_url.host:
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
+            proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
+            conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_url(url)
+        else:
+            # Only scheme should be lower case
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+            conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_url(url)
+
+        return conn
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Disposes of any internal state.
+
+        Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager,
+        which closes any pooled connections.
+        """
+        self.poolmanager.clear()
+        for proxy in self.proxy_manager.values():
+            proxy.clear()
+
+    def request_url(self, request, proxies):
+        """Obtain the url to use when making the final request.
+
+        If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to
+        be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
+        scheme = urlparse(request.url).scheme
+
+        is_proxied_http_request = proxy and scheme != "https"
+        using_socks_proxy = False
+        if proxy:
+            proxy_scheme = urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower()
+            using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith("socks")
+
+        url = request.path_url
+        if url.startswith("//"):  # Don't confuse urllib3
+            url = f"/{url.lstrip('/')}"
+
+        if is_proxied_http_request and not using_socks_proxy:
+            url = urldefragauth(request.url)
+
+        return url
+
+    def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does
+        nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass
+        the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` to add headers to.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments from the call to send().
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def proxy_headers(self, proxy):
+        """Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent
+        through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are
+        correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if
+        CONNECT is being used.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The url of the proxy being used for this request.
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = {}
+        username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+
+        if username:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        try:
+            conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context(
+                request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert
+            )
+        except LocationValueError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
+
+        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
+        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
+        self.add_headers(
+            request,
+            stream=stream,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            proxies=proxies,
+        )
+
+        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            try:
+                connect, read = timeout
+                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
+                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
+                )
+        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
+            pass
+        else:
+            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
+
+        try:
+            resp = conn.urlopen(
+                method=request.method,
+                url=url,
+                body=request.body,
+                headers=request.headers,
+                redirect=False,
+                assert_same_host=False,
+                preload_content=False,
+                decode_content=False,
+                retries=self.max_retries,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
+            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
+
+        except MaxRetryError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
+                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
+                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
+                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
+                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
+                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except ClosedPoolError as e:
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except _ProxyError as e:
+            raise ProxyError(e)
+
+        except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e:
+            if isinstance(e, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 versions earlier than v1.22
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
+                raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, _InvalidHeader):
+                raise InvalidHeader(e, request=request)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return self.build_response(request, resp)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5960744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""
+requests.api
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module implements the Requests API.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2012 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+from . import sessions
+
+
+def request(method, url, **kwargs):
+    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
+
+    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
+        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
+        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content_type'`` is a string
+        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
+        to add for the file.
+    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
+        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
+        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+    :type timeout: float or tuple
+    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type allow_redirects: bool
+    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
+    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
+    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
+    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
+    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
+    with sessions.Session() as session:
+        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a GET request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
+
+
+def options(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("options", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def head(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a HEAD request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. If
+        `allow_redirects` is not provided, it will be set to `False` (as
+        opposed to the default :meth:`request` behavior).
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+    return request("head", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a POST request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+
+def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PUT request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PATCH request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("patch", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def delete(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a DELETE request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("delete", url, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7ce6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"""
+requests.auth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the authentication handlers for Requests.
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+import time
+import warnings
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import basestring, str, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .utils import parse_dict_header
+
+CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+CONTENT_TYPE_MULTI_PART = "multipart/form-data"
+
+
+def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
+    """Returns a Basic Auth string."""
+
+    # "I want us to put a big-ol' comment on top of it that
+    # says that this behaviour is dumb but we need to preserve
+    # it because people are relying on it."
+    #    - Lukasa
+    #
+    # These are here solely to maintain backwards compatibility
+    # for things like ints. This will be removed in 3.0.0.
+    if not isinstance(username, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(username),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        username = str(username)
+
+    if not isinstance(password, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(type(password)),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        password = str(password)
+    # -- End Removal --
+
+    if isinstance(username, str):
+        username = username.encode("latin1")
+
+    if isinstance(password, str):
+        password = password.encode("latin1")
+
+    authstr = "Basic " + to_native_string(
+        b64encode(b":".join((username, password))).strip()
+    )
+
+    return authstr
+
+
+class AuthBase:
+    """Base class that all auth implementations derive from"""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Auth hooks must be callable.")
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Basic Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuth(HTTPBasicAuth):
+    """Attaches HTTP Proxy Authentication to a given Request object."""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPDigestAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Digest Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        # Keep state in per-thread local storage
+        self._thread_local = threading.local()
+
+    def init_per_thread_state(self):
+        # Ensure state is initialized just once per-thread
+        if not hasattr(self._thread_local, "init"):
+            self._thread_local.init = True
+            self._thread_local.last_nonce = ""
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 0
+            self._thread_local.chal = {}
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = None
+
+    def build_digest_header(self, method, url):
+        """
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+
+        realm = self._thread_local.chal["realm"]
+        nonce = self._thread_local.chal["nonce"]
+        qop = self._thread_local.chal.get("qop")
+        algorithm = self._thread_local.chal.get("algorithm")
+        opaque = self._thread_local.chal.get("opaque")
+        hash_utf8 = None
+
+        if algorithm is None:
+            _algorithm = "MD5"
+        else:
+            _algorithm = algorithm.upper()
+        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
+        if _algorithm == "MD5" or _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+
+            def md5_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.md5(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = md5_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA":
+
+            def sha_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha1(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-256":
+
+            def sha256_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha256(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha256_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-512":
+
+            def sha512_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha512(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha512_utf8
+
+        KD = lambda s, d: hash_utf8(f"{s}:{d}")  # noqa:E731
+
+        if hash_utf8 is None:
+            return None
+
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        entdig = None
+        p_parsed = urlparse(url)
+        #: path is request-uri defined in RFC 2616 which should not be empty
+        path = p_parsed.path or "/"
+        if p_parsed.query:
+            path += f"?{p_parsed.query}"
+
+        A1 = f"{self.username}:{realm}:{self.password}"
+        A2 = f"{method}:{path}"
+
+        HA1 = hash_utf8(A1)
+        HA2 = hash_utf8(A2)
+
+        if nonce == self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count += 1
+        else:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 1
+        ncvalue = f"{self._thread_local.nonce_count:08x}"
+        s = str(self._thread_local.nonce_count).encode("utf-8")
+        s += nonce.encode("utf-8")
+        s += time.ctime().encode("utf-8")
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        cnonce = hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16]
+        if _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+            HA1 = hash_utf8(f"{HA1}:{nonce}:{cnonce}")
+
+        if not qop:
+            respdig = KD(HA1, f"{nonce}:{HA2}")
+        elif qop == "auth" or "auth" in qop.split(","):
+            noncebit = f"{nonce}:{ncvalue}:{cnonce}:auth:{HA2}"
+            respdig = KD(HA1, noncebit)
+        else:
+            # XXX handle auth-int.
+            return None
+
+        self._thread_local.last_nonce = nonce
+
+        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
+        base = (
+            f'username="{self.username}", realm="{realm}", nonce="{nonce}", '
+            f'uri="{path}", response="{respdig}"'
+        )
+        if opaque:
+            base += f', opaque="{opaque}"'
+        if algorithm:
+            base += f', algorithm="{algorithm}"'
+        if entdig:
+            base += f', digest="{entdig}"'
+        if qop:
+            base += f', qop="auth", nc={ncvalue}, cnonce="{cnonce}"'
+
+        return f"Digest {base}"
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """Reset num_401_calls counter on redirects."""
+        if r.is_redirect:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+    def handle_401(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Takes the given response and tries digest-auth, if needed.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        # If response is not 4xx, do not auth
+        # See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3772
+        if not 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+            return r
+
+        if self._thread_local.pos is not None:
+            # Rewind the file position indicator of the body to where
+            # it was to resend the request.
+            r.request.body.seek(self._thread_local.pos)
+        s_auth = r.headers.get("www-authenticate", "")
+
+        if "digest" in s_auth.lower() and self._thread_local.num_401_calls < 2:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls += 1
+            pat = re.compile(r"digest ", flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+            self._thread_local.chal = parse_dict_header(pat.sub("", s_auth, count=1))
+
+            # Consume content and release the original connection
+            # to allow our new request to reuse the same one.
+            r.content
+            r.close()
+            prep = r.request.copy()
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prep._cookies, r.request, r.raw)
+            prep.prepare_cookies(prep._cookies)
+
+            prep.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(
+                prep.method, prep.url
+            )
+            _r = r.connection.send(prep, **kwargs)
+            _r.history.append(r)
+            _r.request = prep
+
+            return _r
+
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+        return r
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        # Initialize per-thread state, if needed
+        self.init_per_thread_state()
+        # If we have a saved nonce, skip the 401
+        if self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            r.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(r.method, r.url)
+        try:
+            self._thread_local.pos = r.body.tell()
+        except AttributeError:
+            # In the case of HTTPDigestAuth being reused and the body of
+            # the previous request was a file-like object, pos has the
+            # file position of the previous body. Ensure it's set to
+            # None.
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_redirect)
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+        return r
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38696a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+requests.certs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the preferred default CA certificate bundle. There is
+only one — the one from the certifi package.
+
+If you are packaging Requests, e.g., for a Linux distribution or a managed
+environment, you can change the definition of where() to return a separately
+packaged CA bundle.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+if "_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT" not in os.environ:
+    from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+else:
+    def where():
+        return os.environ["_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT"]
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(where())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7081da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""
+requests.compat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module previously handled import compatibility issues
+between Python 2 and Python 3. It remains for backwards
+compatibility until the next major version.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+# -------------------
+# Character Detection
+# -------------------
+
+
+def _resolve_char_detection():
+    """Find supported character detection libraries."""
+    chardet = None
+    return chardet
+
+
+chardet = _resolve_char_detection()
+
+# -------
+# Pythons
+# -------
+
+# Syntax sugar.
+_ver = sys.version_info
+
+#: Python 2.x?
+is_py2 = _ver[0] == 2
+
+#: Python 3.x?
+is_py3 = _ver[0] == 3
+
+# Note: We've patched out simplejson support in pip because it prevents
+#       upgrading simplejson on Windows.
+import json
+from json import JSONDecodeError
+
+# Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from http import cookiejar as cookielib
+from http.cookies import Morsel
+from io import StringIO
+
+# --------------
+# Legacy Imports
+# --------------
+from urllib.parse import (
+    quote,
+    quote_plus,
+    unquote,
+    unquote_plus,
+    urldefrag,
+    urlencode,
+    urljoin,
+    urlparse,
+    urlsplit,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from urllib.request import (
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    parse_http_list,
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+)
+
+builtin_str = str
+str = str
+bytes = bytes
+basestring = (str, bytes)
+numeric_types = (int, float)
+integer_types = (int,)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f69d0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""
+requests.cookies
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Compatibility code to be able to use `http.cookiejar.CookieJar` with requests.
+
+requests.utils imports from here, so be careful with imports.
+"""
+
+import calendar
+import copy
+import time
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import Morsel, MutableMapping, cookielib, urlparse, urlunparse
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+
+
+class MockRequest:
+    """Wraps a `requests.Request` to mimic a `urllib2.Request`.
+
+    The code in `http.cookiejar.CookieJar` expects this interface in order to correctly
+    manage cookie policies, i.e., determine whether a cookie can be set, given the
+    domains of the request and the cookie.
+
+    The original request object is read-only. The client is responsible for collecting
+    the new headers via `get_new_headers()` and interpreting them appropriately. You
+    probably want `get_cookie_header`, defined below.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request):
+        self._r = request
+        self._new_headers = {}
+        self.type = urlparse(self._r.url).scheme
+
+    def get_type(self):
+        return self.type
+
+    def get_host(self):
+        return urlparse(self._r.url).netloc
+
+    def get_origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+    def get_full_url(self):
+        # Only return the response's URL if the user hadn't set the Host
+        # header
+        if not self._r.headers.get("Host"):
+            return self._r.url
+        # If they did set it, retrieve it and reconstruct the expected domain
+        host = to_native_string(self._r.headers["Host"], encoding="utf-8")
+        parsed = urlparse(self._r.url)
+        # Reconstruct the URL as we expect it
+        return urlunparse(
+            [
+                parsed.scheme,
+                host,
+                parsed.path,
+                parsed.params,
+                parsed.query,
+                parsed.fragment,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def is_unverifiable(self):
+        return True
+
+    def has_header(self, name):
+        return name in self._r.headers or name in self._new_headers
+
+    def get_header(self, name, default=None):
+        return self._r.headers.get(name, self._new_headers.get(name, default))
+
+    def add_header(self, key, val):
+        """cookiejar has no legitimate use for this method; add it back if you find one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Cookie headers should be added with add_unredirected_header()"
+        )
+
+    def add_unredirected_header(self, name, value):
+        self._new_headers[name] = value
+
+    def get_new_headers(self):
+        return self._new_headers
+
+    @property
+    def unverifiable(self):
+        return self.is_unverifiable()
+
+    @property
+    def origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_origin_req_host()
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+
+class MockResponse:
+    """Wraps a `httplib.HTTPMessage` to mimic a `urllib.addinfourl`.
+
+    ...what? Basically, expose the parsed HTTP headers from the server response
+    the way `http.cookiejar` expects to see them.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers):
+        """Make a MockResponse for `cookiejar` to read.
+
+        :param headers: a httplib.HTTPMessage or analogous carrying the headers
+        """
+        self._headers = headers
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self._headers
+
+    def getheaders(self, name):
+        self._headers.getheaders(name)
+
+
+def extract_cookies_to_jar(jar, request, response):
+    """Extract the cookies from the response into a CookieJar.
+
+    :param jar: http.cookiejar.CookieJar (not necessarily a RequestsCookieJar)
+    :param request: our own requests.Request object
+    :param response: urllib3.HTTPResponse object
+    """
+    if not (hasattr(response, "_original_response") and response._original_response):
+        return
+    # the _original_response field is the wrapped httplib.HTTPResponse object,
+    req = MockRequest(request)
+    # pull out the HTTPMessage with the headers and put it in the mock:
+    res = MockResponse(response._original_response.msg)
+    jar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+
+def get_cookie_header(jar, request):
+    """
+    Produce an appropriate Cookie header string to be sent with `request`, or None.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    r = MockRequest(request)
+    jar.add_cookie_header(r)
+    return r.get_new_headers().get("Cookie")
+
+
+def remove_cookie_by_name(cookiejar, name, domain=None, path=None):
+    """Unsets a cookie by name, by default over all domains and paths.
+
+    Wraps CookieJar.clear(), is O(n).
+    """
+    clearables = []
+    for cookie in cookiejar:
+        if cookie.name != name:
+            continue
+        if domain is not None and domain != cookie.domain:
+            continue
+        if path is not None and path != cookie.path:
+            continue
+        clearables.append((cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name))
+
+    for domain, path, name in clearables:
+        cookiejar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+
+class CookieConflictError(RuntimeError):
+    """There are two cookies that meet the criteria specified in the cookie jar.
+    Use .get and .set and include domain and path args in order to be more specific.
+    """
+
+
+class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
+    """Compatibility class; is a http.cookiejar.CookieJar, but exposes a dict
+    interface.
+
+    This is the CookieJar we create by default for requests and sessions that
+    don't specify one, since some clients may expect response.cookies and
+    session.cookies to support dict operations.
+
+    Requests does not use the dict interface internally; it's just for
+    compatibility with external client code. All requests code should work
+    out of the box with externally provided instances of ``CookieJar``, e.g.
+    ``LWPCookieJar`` and ``FileCookieJar``.
+
+    Unlike a regular CookieJar, this class is pickleable.
+
+    .. warning:: dictionary operations that are normally O(1) may be O(n).
+    """
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Dict-like get() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._find_no_duplicates(name, domain, path)
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def set(self, name, value, **kwargs):
+        """Dict-like set() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+        """
+        # support client code that unsets cookies by assignment of a None value:
+        if value is None:
+            remove_cookie_by_name(
+                self, name, domain=kwargs.get("domain"), path=kwargs.get("path")
+            )
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(value, Morsel):
+            c = morsel_to_cookie(value)
+        else:
+            c = create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs)
+        self.set_cookie(c)
+        return c
+
+    def iterkeys(self):
+        """Dict-like iterkeys() that returns an iterator of names of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: itervalues() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """Dict-like keys() that returns a list of names of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: values() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.iterkeys())
+
+    def itervalues(self):
+        """Dict-like itervalues() that returns an iterator of values of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.value
+
+    def values(self):
+        """Dict-like values() that returns a list of values of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.itervalues())
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Dict-like iteritems() that returns an iterator of name-value tuples
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and itervalues().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name, cookie.value
+
+    def items(self):
+        """Dict-like items() that returns a list of name-value tuples from the
+        jar. Allows client-code to call ``dict(RequestsCookieJar)`` and get a
+        vanilla python dict of key value pairs.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and values().
+        """
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    def list_domains(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the domains in the jar."""
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain not in domains:
+                domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return domains
+
+    def list_paths(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the paths in the jar."""
+        paths = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.path not in paths:
+                paths.append(cookie.path)
+        return paths
+
+    def multiple_domains(self):
+        """Returns True if there are multiple domains in the jar.
+        Returns False otherwise.
+
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain is not None and cookie.domain in domains:
+                return True
+            domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return False  # there is only one domain in jar
+
+    def get_dict(self, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Takes as an argument an optional domain and path and returns a plain
+        old Python dict of name-value pairs of cookies that meet the
+        requirements.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        dictionary = {}
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain) and (
+                path is None or cookie.path == path
+            ):
+                dictionary[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+        return dictionary
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return super().__contains__(name)
+        except CookieConflictError:
+            return True
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        """Dict-like __getitem__() for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there are more than one cookie with name. In that case,
+        use the more explicit get() method instead.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        return self._find_no_duplicates(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        """Dict-like __setitem__ for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there is already a cookie of that name in the jar. In that
+        case, use the more explicit set() method instead.
+        """
+        self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        """Deletes a cookie given a name. Wraps ``http.cookiejar.CookieJar``'s
+        ``remove_cookie_by_name()``.
+        """
+        remove_cookie_by_name(self, name)
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie, *args, **kwargs):
+        if (
+            hasattr(cookie.value, "startswith")
+            and cookie.value.startswith('"')
+            and cookie.value.endswith('"')
+        ):
+            cookie.value = cookie.value.replace('\\"', "")
+        return super().set_cookie(cookie, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def update(self, other):
+        """Updates this jar with cookies from another CookieJar or dict-like"""
+        if isinstance(other, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            for cookie in other:
+                self.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+        else:
+            super().update(other)
+
+    def _find(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Requests uses this method internally to get cookie values.
+
+        If there are conflicting cookies, _find arbitrarily chooses one.
+        See _find_no_duplicates if you want an exception thrown if there are
+        conflicting cookies.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        return cookie.value
+
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def _find_no_duplicates(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Both ``__get_item__`` and ``get`` call this function: it's never
+        used elsewhere in Requests.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :raises KeyError: if cookie is not found
+        :raises CookieConflictError: if there are multiple cookies
+            that match name and optionally domain and path
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        toReturn = None
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if toReturn is not None:
+                            # if there are multiple cookies that meet passed in criteria
+                            raise CookieConflictError(
+                                f"There are multiple cookies with name, {name!r}"
+                            )
+                        # we will eventually return this as long as no cookie conflict
+                        toReturn = cookie.value
+
+        if toReturn:
+            return toReturn
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        # remove the unpickleable RLock object
+        state.pop("_cookies_lock")
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "_cookies_lock" not in self.__dict__:
+            self._cookies_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a copy of this RequestsCookieJar."""
+        new_cj = RequestsCookieJar()
+        new_cj.set_policy(self.get_policy())
+        new_cj.update(self)
+        return new_cj
+
+    def get_policy(self):
+        """Return the CookiePolicy instance used."""
+        return self._policy
+
+
+def _copy_cookie_jar(jar):
+    if jar is None:
+        return None
+
+    if hasattr(jar, "copy"):
+        # We're dealing with an instance of RequestsCookieJar
+        return jar.copy()
+    # We're dealing with a generic CookieJar instance
+    new_jar = copy.copy(jar)
+    new_jar.clear()
+    for cookie in jar:
+        new_jar.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+    return new_jar
+
+
+def create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs):
+    """Make a cookie from underspecified parameters.
+
+    By default, the pair of `name` and `value` will be set for the domain ''
+    and sent on every request (this is sometimes called a "supercookie").
+    """
+    result = {
+        "version": 0,
+        "name": name,
+        "value": value,
+        "port": None,
+        "domain": "",
+        "path": "/",
+        "secure": False,
+        "expires": None,
+        "discard": True,
+        "comment": None,
+        "comment_url": None,
+        "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+        "rfc2109": False,
+    }
+
+    badargs = set(kwargs) - set(result)
+    if badargs:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"create_cookie() got unexpected keyword arguments: {list(badargs)}"
+        )
+
+    result.update(kwargs)
+    result["port_specified"] = bool(result["port"])
+    result["domain_specified"] = bool(result["domain"])
+    result["domain_initial_dot"] = result["domain"].startswith(".")
+    result["path_specified"] = bool(result["path"])
+
+    return cookielib.Cookie(**result)
+
+
+def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
+    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""
+
+    expires = None
+    if morsel["max-age"]:
+        try:
+            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel["max-age"]))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise TypeError(f"max-age: {morsel['max-age']} must be integer")
+    elif morsel["expires"]:
+        time_template = "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+        expires = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(morsel["expires"], time_template))
+    return create_cookie(
+        comment=morsel["comment"],
+        comment_url=bool(morsel["comment"]),
+        discard=False,
+        domain=morsel["domain"],
+        expires=expires,
+        name=morsel.key,
+        path=morsel["path"],
+        port=None,
+        rest={"HttpOnly": morsel["httponly"]},
+        rfc2109=False,
+        secure=bool(morsel["secure"]),
+        value=morsel.value,
+        version=morsel["version"] or 0,
+    )
+
+
+def cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :param cookiejar: (optional) A cookiejar to add the cookies to.
+    :param overwrite: (optional) If False, will not replace cookies
+        already in the jar with new ones.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if cookiejar is None:
+        cookiejar = RequestsCookieJar()
+
+    if cookie_dict is not None:
+        names_from_jar = [cookie.name for cookie in cookiejar]
+        for name in cookie_dict:
+            if overwrite or (name not in names_from_jar):
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(create_cookie(name, cookie_dict[name]))
+
+    return cookiejar
+
+
+def merge_cookies(cookiejar, cookies):
+    """Add cookies to cookiejar and returns a merged CookieJar.
+
+    :param cookiejar: CookieJar object to add the cookies to.
+    :param cookies: Dictionary or CookieJar object to be added.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cookiejar, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        raise ValueError("You can only merge into CookieJar")
+
+    if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+        cookiejar = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies, cookiejar=cookiejar, overwrite=False)
+    elif isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        try:
+            cookiejar.update(cookies)
+        except AttributeError:
+            for cookie_in_jar in cookies:
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie_in_jar)
+
+    return cookiejar
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f3660f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""
+requests.exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
+"""
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
+
+from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError
+
+
+class RequestException(IOError):
+    """There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
+    request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
+        response = kwargs.pop("response", None)
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = kwargs.pop("request", None)
+        if response is not None and not self.request and hasattr(response, "request"):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class InvalidJSONError(RequestException):
+    """A JSON error occurred."""
+
+
+class JSONDecodeError(InvalidJSONError, CompatJSONDecodeError):
+    """Couldn't decode the text into json"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Construct the JSONDecodeError instance first with all
+        args. Then use it's args to construct the IOError so that
+        the json specific args aren't used as IOError specific args
+        and the error message from JSONDecodeError is preserved.
+        """
+        CompatJSONDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
+        InvalidJSONError.__init__(self, *self.args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """
+        The __reduce__ method called when pickling the object must
+        be the one from the JSONDecodeError (be it json/simplejson)
+        as it expects all the arguments for instantiation, not just
+        one like the IOError, and the MRO would by default call the
+        __reduce__ method from the IOError due to the inheritance order.
+        """
+        return CompatJSONDecodeError.__reduce__(self)
+
+
+class HTTPError(RequestException):
+    """An HTTP error occurred."""
+
+
+class ConnectionError(RequestException):
+    """A Connection error occurred."""
+
+
+class ProxyError(ConnectionError):
+    """A proxy error occurred."""
+
+
+class SSLError(ConnectionError):
+    """An SSL error occurred."""
+
+
+class Timeout(RequestException):
+    """The request timed out.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout` and
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout` errors.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(ConnectionError, Timeout):
+    """The request timed out while trying to connect to the remote server.
+
+    Requests that produced this error are safe to retry.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(Timeout):
+    """The server did not send any data in the allotted amount of time."""
+
+
+class URLRequired(RequestException):
+    """A valid URL is required to make a request."""
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
+    """Too many redirects."""
+
+
+class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
+
+
+class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme provided is either invalid or unsupported."""
+
+
+class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The header value provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidProxyURL(InvalidURL):
+    """The proxy URL provided is invalid."""
+
+
+class ChunkedEncodingError(RequestException):
+    """The server declared chunked encoding but sent an invalid chunk."""
+
+
+class ContentDecodingError(RequestException, BaseHTTPError):
+    """Failed to decode response content."""
+
+
+class StreamConsumedError(RequestException, TypeError):
+    """The content for this response was already consumed."""
+
+
+class RetryError(RequestException):
+    """Custom retries logic failed"""
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
+    """Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body."""
+
+
+# Warnings
+
+
+class RequestsWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning for Requests."""
+
+
+class FileModeWarning(RequestsWarning, DeprecationWarning):
+    """A file was opened in text mode, but Requests determined its binary length."""
+
+
+class RequestsDependencyWarning(RequestsWarning):
+    """An imported dependency doesn't match the expected version range."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddbb615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""Module containing bug report helper(s)."""
+
+import json
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor import idna
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from . import __version__ as requests_version
+
+charset_normalizer = None
+chardet = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+except ImportError:
+    pyopenssl = None
+    OpenSSL = None
+    cryptography = None
+else:
+    import cryptography
+    import OpenSSL
+
+
+def _implementation():
+    """Return a dict with the Python implementation and version.
+
+    Provide both the name and the version of the Python implementation
+    currently running. For example, on CPython 3.10.3 it will return
+    {'name': 'CPython', 'version': '3.10.3'}.
+
+    This function works best on CPython and PyPy: in particular, it probably
+    doesn't work for Jython or IronPython. Future investigation should be done
+    to work out the correct shape of the code for those platforms.
+    """
+    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
+
+    if implementation == "CPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
+    elif implementation == "PyPy":
+        implementation_version = "{}.{}.{}".format(
+            sys.pypy_version_info.major,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.minor,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.micro,
+        )
+        if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":
+            implementation_version = "".join(
+                [implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel]
+            )
+    elif implementation == "Jython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    elif implementation == "IronPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    else:
+        implementation_version = "Unknown"
+
+    return {"name": implementation, "version": implementation_version}
+
+
+def info():
+    """Generate information for a bug report."""
+    try:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": platform.system(),
+            "release": platform.release(),
+        }
+    except OSError:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": "Unknown",
+            "release": "Unknown",
+        }
+
+    implementation_info = _implementation()
+    urllib3_info = {"version": urllib3.__version__}
+    charset_normalizer_info = {"version": None}
+    chardet_info = {"version": None}
+    if charset_normalizer:
+        charset_normalizer_info = {"version": charset_normalizer.__version__}
+    if chardet:
+        chardet_info = {"version": chardet.__version__}
+
+    pyopenssl_info = {
+        "version": None,
+        "openssl_version": "",
+    }
+    if OpenSSL:
+        pyopenssl_info = {
+            "version": OpenSSL.__version__,
+            "openssl_version": f"{OpenSSL.SSL.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER:x}",
+        }
+    cryptography_info = {
+        "version": getattr(cryptography, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+    idna_info = {
+        "version": getattr(idna, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+
+    system_ssl = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
+    system_ssl_info = {"version": f"{system_ssl:x}" if system_ssl is not None else ""}
+
+    return {
+        "platform": platform_info,
+        "implementation": implementation_info,
+        "system_ssl": system_ssl_info,
+        "using_pyopenssl": pyopenssl is not None,
+        "using_charset_normalizer": chardet is None,
+        "pyOpenSSL": pyopenssl_info,
+        "urllib3": urllib3_info,
+        "chardet": chardet_info,
+        "charset_normalizer": charset_normalizer_info,
+        "cryptography": cryptography_info,
+        "idna": idna_info,
+        "requests": {
+            "version": requests_version,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def main():
+    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
+    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d181ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+requests.hooks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides the capabilities for the Requests hooks system.
+
+Available hooks:
+
+``response``:
+    The response generated from a Request.
+"""
+HOOKS = ["response"]
+
+
+def default_hooks():
+    return {event: [] for event in HOOKS}
+
+
+# TODO: response is the only one
+
+
+def dispatch_hook(key, hooks, hook_data, **kwargs):
+    """Dispatches a hook dictionary on a given piece of data."""
+    hooks = hooks or {}
+    hooks = hooks.get(key)
+    if hooks:
+        if hasattr(hooks, "__call__"):
+            hooks = [hooks]
+        for hook in hooks:
+            _hook_data = hook(hook_data, **kwargs)
+            if _hook_data is not None:
+                hook_data = _hook_data
+    return hook_data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85a008c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1037 @@
+"""
+requests.models
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the primary objects that power Requests.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+# Import encoding now, to avoid implicit import later.
+# Implicit import within threads may cause LookupError when standard library is in a ZIP,
+# such as in Embedded Python. See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3578.
+import encodings.idna  # noqa: F401
+from io import UnsupportedOperation
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    DecodeError,
+    LocationParseError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.fields import RequestField
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string, unicode_is_ascii
+from .auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+from .compat import (
+    Callable,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    builtin_str,
+    chardet,
+    cookielib,
+)
+from .compat import json as complexjson
+from .compat import urlencode, urlsplit, urlunparse
+from .cookies import _copy_cookie_jar, cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ConnectionError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    HTTPError,
+    InvalidJSONError,
+    InvalidURL,
+)
+from .exceptions import JSONDecodeError as RequestsJSONDecodeError
+from .exceptions import MissingSchema
+from .exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError
+from .exceptions import StreamConsumedError
+from .hooks import default_hooks
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    check_header_validity,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    guess_filename,
+    guess_json_utf,
+    iter_slices,
+    parse_header_links,
+    requote_uri,
+    stream_decode_response_unicode,
+    super_len,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+#: The set of HTTP status codes that indicate an automatically
+#: processable redirect.
+REDIRECT_STATI = (
+    codes.moved,  # 301
+    codes.found,  # 302
+    codes.other,  # 303
+    codes.temporary_redirect,  # 307
+    codes.permanent_redirect,  # 308
+)
+
+DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT = 30
+CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE = 10 * 1024
+ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512
+
+
+class RequestEncodingMixin:
+    @property
+    def path_url(self):
+        """Build the path URL to use."""
+
+        url = []
+
+        p = urlsplit(self.url)
+
+        path = p.path
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        url.append(path)
+
+        query = p.query
+        if query:
+            url.append("?")
+            url.append(query)
+
+        return "".join(url)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_params(data):
+        """Encode parameters in a piece of data.
+
+        Will successfully encode parameters when passed as a dict or a list of
+        2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes)):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "read"):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
+            result = []
+            for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data):
+                if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, "__iter__"):
+                    vs = [vs]
+                for v in vs:
+                    if v is not None:
+                        result.append(
+                            (
+                                k.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(k, str) else k,
+                                v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                            )
+                        )
+            return urlencode(result, doseq=True)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_files(files, data):
+        """Build the body for a multipart/form-data request.
+
+        Will successfully encode files when passed as a dict or a list of
+        tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        The tuples may be 2-tuples (filename, fileobj), 3-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype)
+        or 4-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype, custom_headers).
+        """
+        if not files:
+            raise ValueError("Files must be provided.")
+        elif isinstance(data, basestring):
+            raise ValueError("Data must not be a string.")
+
+        new_fields = []
+        fields = to_key_val_list(data or {})
+        files = to_key_val_list(files or {})
+
+        for field, val in fields:
+            if isinstance(val, basestring) or not hasattr(val, "__iter__"):
+                val = [val]
+            for v in val:
+                if v is not None:
+                    # Don't call str() on bytestrings: in Py3 it all goes wrong.
+                    if not isinstance(v, bytes):
+                        v = str(v)
+
+                    new_fields.append(
+                        (
+                            field.decode("utf-8")
+                            if isinstance(field, bytes)
+                            else field,
+                            v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+        for k, v in files:
+            # support for explicit filename
+            ft = None
+            fh = None
+            if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
+                if len(v) == 2:
+                    fn, fp = v
+                elif len(v) == 3:
+                    fn, fp, ft = v
+                else:
+                    fn, fp, ft, fh = v
+            else:
+                fn = guess_filename(v) or k
+                fp = v
+
+            if isinstance(fp, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+                fdata = fp
+            elif hasattr(fp, "read"):
+                fdata = fp.read()
+            elif fp is None:
+                continue
+            else:
+                fdata = fp
+
+            rf = RequestField(name=k, data=fdata, filename=fn, headers=fh)
+            rf.make_multipart(content_type=ft)
+            new_fields.append(rf)
+
+        body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(new_fields)
+
+        return body, content_type
+
+
+class RequestHooksMixin:
+    def register_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Properly register a hook."""
+
+        if event not in self.hooks:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported event specified, with event name "{event}"')
+
+        if isinstance(hook, Callable):
+            self.hooks[event].append(hook)
+        elif hasattr(hook, "__iter__"):
+            self.hooks[event].extend(h for h in hook if isinstance(h, Callable))
+
+    def deregister_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Deregister a previously registered hook.
+        Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            self.hooks[event].remove(hook)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+
+class Request(RequestHooksMixin):
+    """A user-created :class:`Request <Request>` object.
+
+    Used to prepare a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>`, which is sent to the server.
+
+    :param method: HTTP method to use.
+    :param url: URL to send.
+    :param headers: dictionary of headers to send.
+    :param files: dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
+    :param data: the body to attach to the request. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param json: json for the body to attach to the request (if files or data is not specified).
+    :param params: URL parameters to append to the URL. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param auth: Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
+    :param cookies: dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
+    :param hooks: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req.prepare()
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        # Default empty dicts for dict params.
+        data = [] if data is None else data
+        files = [] if files is None else files
+        headers = {} if headers is None else headers
+        params = {} if params is None else params
+        hooks = {} if hooks is None else hooks
+
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        for k, v in list(hooks.items()):
+            self.register_hook(event=k, hook=v)
+
+        self.method = method
+        self.url = url
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.files = files
+        self.data = data
+        self.json = json
+        self.params = params
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.cookies = cookies
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Request [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def prepare(self):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for transmission and returns it."""
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=self.method,
+            url=self.url,
+            headers=self.headers,
+            files=self.files,
+            data=self.data,
+            json=self.json,
+            params=self.params,
+            auth=self.auth,
+            cookies=self.cookies,
+            hooks=self.hooks,
+        )
+        return p
+
+
+class PreparedRequest(RequestEncodingMixin, RequestHooksMixin):
+    """The fully mutable :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object,
+    containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server.
+
+    Instances are generated from a :class:`Request <Request>` object, and
+    should not be instantiated manually; doing so may produce undesirable
+    effects.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> r = req.prepare()
+      >>> r
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.send(r)
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: HTTP verb to send to the server.
+        self.method = None
+        #: HTTP URL to send the request to.
+        self.url = None
+        #: dictionary of HTTP headers.
+        self.headers = None
+        # The `CookieJar` used to create the Cookie header will be stored here
+        # after prepare_cookies is called
+        self._cookies = None
+        #: request body to send to the server.
+        self.body = None
+        #: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        #: integer denoting starting position of a readable file-like body.
+        self._body_position = None
+
+    def prepare(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Prepares the entire request with the given parameters."""
+
+        self.prepare_method(method)
+        self.prepare_url(url, params)
+        self.prepare_headers(headers)
+        self.prepare_cookies(cookies)
+        self.prepare_body(data, files, json)
+        self.prepare_auth(auth, url)
+
+        # Note that prepare_auth must be last to enable authentication schemes
+        # such as OAuth to work on a fully prepared request.
+
+        # This MUST go after prepare_auth. Authenticators could add a hook
+        self.prepare_hooks(hooks)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<PreparedRequest [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def copy(self):
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.method = self.method
+        p.url = self.url
+        p.headers = self.headers.copy() if self.headers is not None else None
+        p._cookies = _copy_cookie_jar(self._cookies)
+        p.body = self.body
+        p.hooks = self.hooks
+        p._body_position = self._body_position
+        return p
+
+    def prepare_method(self, method):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP method."""
+        self.method = method
+        if self.method is not None:
+            self.method = to_native_string(self.method.upper())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_idna_encoded_host(host):
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True).decode("utf-8")
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            raise UnicodeError
+        return host
+
+    def prepare_url(self, url, params):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP URL."""
+        #: Accept objects that have string representations.
+        #: We're unable to blindly call unicode/str functions
+        #: as this will include the bytestring indicator (b'')
+        #: on python 3.x.
+        #: https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/2238
+        if isinstance(url, bytes):
+            url = url.decode("utf8")
+        else:
+            url = str(url)
+
+        # Remove leading whitespaces from url
+        url = url.lstrip()
+
+        # Don't do any URL preparation for non-HTTP schemes like `mailto`,
+        # `data` etc to work around exceptions from `url_parse`, which
+        # handles RFC 3986 only.
+        if ":" in url and not url.lower().startswith("http"):
+            self.url = url
+            return
+
+        # Support for unicode domain names and paths.
+        try:
+            scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url)
+        except LocationParseError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(*e.args)
+
+        if not scheme:
+            raise MissingSchema(
+                f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No scheme supplied. "
+                f"Perhaps you meant https://{url}?"
+            )
+
+        if not host:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No host supplied")
+
+        # In general, we want to try IDNA encoding the hostname if the string contains
+        # non-ASCII characters. This allows users to automatically get the correct IDNA
+        # behaviour. For strings containing only ASCII characters, we need to also verify
+        # it doesn't start with a wildcard (*), before allowing the unencoded hostname.
+        if not unicode_is_ascii(host):
+            try:
+                host = self._get_idna_encoded_host(host)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+        elif host.startswith(("*", ".")):
+            raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+
+        # Carefully reconstruct the network location
+        netloc = auth or ""
+        if netloc:
+            netloc += "@"
+        netloc += host
+        if port:
+            netloc += f":{port}"
+
+        # Bare domains aren't valid URLs.
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        if isinstance(params, (str, bytes)):
+            params = to_native_string(params)
+
+        enc_params = self._encode_params(params)
+        if enc_params:
+            if query:
+                query = f"{query}&{enc_params}"
+            else:
+                query = enc_params
+
+        url = requote_uri(urlunparse([scheme, netloc, path, None, query, fragment]))
+        self.url = url
+
+    def prepare_headers(self, headers):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP headers."""
+
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        if headers:
+            for header in headers.items():
+                # Raise exception on invalid header value.
+                check_header_validity(header)
+                name, value = header
+                self.headers[to_native_string(name)] = value
+
+    def prepare_body(self, data, files, json=None):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP body data."""
+
+        # Check if file, fo, generator, iterator.
+        # If not, run through normal process.
+
+        # Nottin' on you.
+        body = None
+        content_type = None
+
+        if not data and json is not None:
+            # urllib3 requires a bytes-like body. Python 2's json.dumps
+            # provides this natively, but Python 3 gives a Unicode string.
+            content_type = "application/json"
+
+            try:
+                body = complexjson.dumps(json, allow_nan=False)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise InvalidJSONError(ve, request=self)
+
+            if not isinstance(body, bytes):
+                body = body.encode("utf-8")
+
+        is_stream = all(
+            [
+                hasattr(data, "__iter__"),
+                not isinstance(data, (basestring, list, tuple, Mapping)),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        if is_stream:
+            try:
+                length = super_len(data)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError, UnsupportedOperation):
+                length = None
+
+            body = data
+
+            if getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+                # Record the current file position before reading.
+                # This will allow us to rewind a file in the event
+                # of a redirect.
+                try:
+                    self._body_position = body.tell()
+                except OSError:
+                    # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+                    # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body
+                    self._body_position = object()
+
+            if files:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "Streamed bodies and files are mutually exclusive."
+                )
+
+            if length:
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+            else:
+                self.headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = "chunked"
+        else:
+            # Multi-part file uploads.
+            if files:
+                (body, content_type) = self._encode_files(files, data)
+            else:
+                if data:
+                    body = self._encode_params(data)
+                    if isinstance(data, basestring) or hasattr(data, "read"):
+                        content_type = None
+                    else:
+                        content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+            self.prepare_content_length(body)
+
+            # Add content-type if it wasn't explicitly provided.
+            if content_type and ("content-type" not in self.headers):
+                self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        self.body = body
+
+    def prepare_content_length(self, body):
+        """Prepare Content-Length header based on request method and body"""
+        if body is not None:
+            length = super_len(body)
+            if length:
+                # If length exists, set it. Otherwise, we fallback
+                # to Transfer-Encoding: chunked.
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+        elif (
+            self.method not in ("GET", "HEAD")
+            and self.headers.get("Content-Length") is None
+        ):
+            # Set Content-Length to 0 for methods that can have a body
+            # but don't provide one. (i.e. not GET or HEAD)
+            self.headers["Content-Length"] = "0"
+
+    def prepare_auth(self, auth, url=""):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP auth data."""
+
+        # If no Auth is explicitly provided, extract it from the URL first.
+        if auth is None:
+            url_auth = get_auth_from_url(self.url)
+            auth = url_auth if any(url_auth) else None
+
+        if auth:
+            if isinstance(auth, tuple) and len(auth) == 2:
+                # special-case basic HTTP auth
+                auth = HTTPBasicAuth(*auth)
+
+            # Allow auth to make its changes.
+            r = auth(self)
+
+            # Update self to reflect the auth changes.
+            self.__dict__.update(r.__dict__)
+
+            # Recompute Content-Length
+            self.prepare_content_length(self.body)
+
+    def prepare_cookies(self, cookies):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP cookie data.
+
+        This function eventually generates a ``Cookie`` header from the
+        given cookies using cookielib. Due to cookielib's design, the header
+        will not be regenerated if it already exists, meaning this function
+        can only be called once for the life of the
+        :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object. Any subsequent calls
+        to ``prepare_cookies`` will have no actual effect, unless the "Cookie"
+        header is removed beforehand.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            self._cookies = cookies
+        else:
+            self._cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        cookie_header = get_cookie_header(self._cookies, self)
+        if cookie_header is not None:
+            self.headers["Cookie"] = cookie_header
+
+    def prepare_hooks(self, hooks):
+        """Prepares the given hooks."""
+        # hooks can be passed as None to the prepare method and to this
+        # method. To prevent iterating over None, simply use an empty list
+        # if hooks is False-y
+        hooks = hooks or []
+        for event in hooks:
+            self.register_hook(event, hooks[event])
+
+
+class Response:
+    """The :class:`Response <Response>` object, which contains a
+    server's response to an HTTP request.
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "_content",
+        "status_code",
+        "headers",
+        "url",
+        "history",
+        "encoding",
+        "reason",
+        "cookies",
+        "elapsed",
+        "request",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._content = False
+        self._content_consumed = False
+        self._next = None
+
+        #: Integer Code of responded HTTP Status, e.g. 404 or 200.
+        self.status_code = None
+
+        #: Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers.
+        #: For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+        #: value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header.
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+
+        #: File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage).
+        #: Use of ``raw`` requires that ``stream=True`` be set on the request.
+        #: This requirement does not apply for use internally to Requests.
+        self.raw = None
+
+        #: Final URL location of Response.
+        self.url = None
+
+        #: Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.
+        self.encoding = None
+
+        #: A list of :class:`Response <Response>` objects from
+        #: the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end
+        #: up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.
+        self.history = []
+
+        #: Textual reason of responded HTTP Status, e.g. "Not Found" or "OK".
+        self.reason = None
+
+        #: A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        #: The amount of time elapsed between sending the request
+        #: and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta).
+        #: This property specifically measures the time taken between sending
+        #: the first byte of the request and finishing parsing the headers. It
+        #: is therefore unaffected by consuming the response content or the
+        #: value of the ``stream`` keyword argument.
+        self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+        #: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to which this
+        #: is a response.
+        self.request = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        # Consume everything; accessing the content attribute makes
+        # sure the content has been fully read.
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.content
+
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        # pickled objects do not have .raw
+        setattr(self, "_content_consumed", True)
+        setattr(self, "raw", None)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code}]>"
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Allows you to use a response as an iterator."""
+        return self.iter_content(128)
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400, False if not.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.raise_for_status()
+        except HTTPError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response is a well-formed HTTP redirect that could have
+        been processed automatically (by :meth:`Session.resolve_redirects`).
+        """
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in REDIRECT_STATI
+
+    @property
+    def is_permanent_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response one of the permanent versions of redirect."""
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in (
+            codes.moved_permanently,
+            codes.permanent_redirect,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def next(self):
+        """Returns a PreparedRequest for the next request in a redirect chain, if there is one."""
+        return self._next
+
+    @property
+    def apparent_encoding(self):
+        """The apparent encoding, provided by the charset_normalizer or chardet libraries."""
+        if chardet is not None:
+            return chardet.detect(self.content)["encoding"]
+        else:
+            # If no character detection library is available, we'll fall back
+            # to a standard Python utf-8 str.
+            return "utf-8"
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False):
+        """Iterates over the response data.  When stream=True is set on the
+        request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for
+        large responses.  The chunk size is the number of bytes it should
+        read into memory.  This is not necessarily the length of each item
+        returned as decoding can take place.
+
+        chunk_size must be of type int or None. A value of None will
+        function differently depending on the value of `stream`.
+        stream=True will read data as it arrives in whatever size the
+        chunks are received. If stream=False, data is returned as
+        a single chunk.
+
+        If decode_unicode is True, content will be decoded using the best
+        available encoding based on the response.
+        """
+
+        def generate():
+            # Special case for urllib3.
+            if hasattr(self.raw, "stream"):
+                try:
+                    yield from self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True)
+                except ProtocolError as e:
+                    raise ChunkedEncodingError(e)
+                except DecodeError as e:
+                    raise ContentDecodingError(e)
+                except ReadTimeoutError as e:
+                    raise ConnectionError(e)
+                except SSLError as e:
+                    raise RequestsSSLError(e)
+            else:
+                # Standard file-like object.
+                while True:
+                    chunk = self.raw.read(chunk_size)
+                    if not chunk:
+                        break
+                    yield chunk
+
+            self._content_consumed = True
+
+        if self._content_consumed and isinstance(self._content, bool):
+            raise StreamConsumedError()
+        elif chunk_size is not None and not isinstance(chunk_size, int):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"chunk_size must be an int, it is instead a {type(chunk_size)}."
+            )
+        # simulate reading small chunks of the content
+        reused_chunks = iter_slices(self._content, chunk_size)
+
+        stream_chunks = generate()
+
+        chunks = reused_chunks if self._content_consumed else stream_chunks
+
+        if decode_unicode:
+            chunks = stream_decode_response_unicode(chunks, self)
+
+        return chunks
+
+    def iter_lines(
+        self, chunk_size=ITER_CHUNK_SIZE, decode_unicode=False, delimiter=None
+    ):
+        """Iterates over the response data, one line at a time.  When
+        stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the
+        content at once into memory for large responses.
+
+        .. note:: This method is not reentrant safe.
+        """
+
+        pending = None
+
+        for chunk in self.iter_content(
+            chunk_size=chunk_size, decode_unicode=decode_unicode
+        ):
+            if pending is not None:
+                chunk = pending + chunk
+
+            if delimiter:
+                lines = chunk.split(delimiter)
+            else:
+                lines = chunk.splitlines()
+
+            if lines and lines[-1] and chunk and lines[-1][-1] == chunk[-1]:
+                pending = lines.pop()
+            else:
+                pending = None
+
+            yield from lines
+
+        if pending is not None:
+            yield pending
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        """Content of the response, in bytes."""
+
+        if self._content is False:
+            # Read the contents.
+            if self._content_consumed:
+                raise RuntimeError("The content for this response was already consumed")
+
+            if self.status_code == 0 or self.raw is None:
+                self._content = None
+            else:
+                self._content = b"".join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or b""
+
+        self._content_consumed = True
+        # don't need to release the connection; that's been handled by urllib3
+        # since we exhausted the data.
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        """Content of the response, in unicode.
+
+        If Response.encoding is None, encoding will be guessed using
+        ``charset_normalizer`` or ``chardet``.
+
+        The encoding of the response content is determined based solely on HTTP
+        headers, following RFC 2616 to the letter. If you can take advantage of
+        non-HTTP knowledge to make a better guess at the encoding, you should
+        set ``r.encoding`` appropriately before accessing this property.
+        """
+
+        # Try charset from content-type
+        content = None
+        encoding = self.encoding
+
+        if not self.content:
+            return ""
+
+        # Fallback to auto-detected encoding.
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            encoding = self.apparent_encoding
+
+        # Decode unicode from given encoding.
+        try:
+            content = str(self.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+        except (LookupError, TypeError):
+            # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could
+            # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.
+            #
+            # A TypeError can be raised if encoding is None
+            #
+            # So we try blindly encoding.
+            content = str(self.content, errors="replace")
+
+        return content
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs):
+        r"""Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.
+
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes.
+        :raises requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: If the response body does not
+            contain valid json.
+        """
+
+        if not self.encoding and self.content and len(self.content) > 3:
+            # No encoding set. JSON RFC 4627 section 3 states we should expect
+            # UTF-8, -16 or -32. Detect which one to use; If the detection or
+            # decoding fails, fall back to `self.text` (using charset_normalizer to make
+            # a best guess).
+            encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content)
+            if encoding is not None:
+                try:
+                    return complexjson.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # Wrong UTF codec detected; usually because it's not UTF-8
+                    # but some other 8-bit codec.  This is an RFC violation,
+                    # and the server didn't bother to tell us what codec *was*
+                    # used.
+                    pass
+                except JSONDecodeError as e:
+                    raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+        try:
+            return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
+        except JSONDecodeError as e:
+            # Catch JSON-related errors and raise as requests.JSONDecodeError
+            # This aliases json.JSONDecodeError and simplejson.JSONDecodeError
+            raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+    @property
+    def links(self):
+        """Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any."""
+
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+
+        resolved_links = {}
+
+        if header:
+            links = parse_header_links(header)
+
+            for link in links:
+                key = link.get("rel") or link.get("url")
+                resolved_links[key] = link
+
+        return resolved_links
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        """Raises :class:`HTTPError`, if one occurred."""
+
+        http_error_msg = ""
+        if isinstance(self.reason, bytes):
+            # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+            # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+            # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+            # encodings. (See PR #3538)
+            try:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("utf-8")
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+        else:
+            reason = self.reason
+
+        if 400 <= self.status_code < 500:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        elif 500 <= self.status_code < 600:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        if http_error_msg:
+            raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Releases the connection back to the pool. Once this method has been
+        called the underlying ``raw`` object must not be accessed again.
+
+        *Note: Should not normally need to be called explicitly.*
+        """
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.raw.close()
+
+        release_conn = getattr(self.raw, "release_conn", None)
+        if release_conn is not None:
+            release_conn()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..200c382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import sys
+
+from .compat import chardet
+
+# This code exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
+# I don't like it either. Just look the other way. :)
+
+for package in ("urllib3", "idna"):
+    vendored_package = "pip._vendor." + package
+    locals()[package] = __import__(vendored_package)
+    # This traversal is apparently necessary such that the identities are
+    # preserved (requests.packages.urllib3.* is urllib3.*)
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == vendored_package or mod.startswith(vendored_package + '.'):
+            unprefixed_mod = mod[len("pip._vendor."):]
+            sys.modules['pip._vendor.requests.packages.' + unprefixed_mod] = sys.modules[mod]
+
+if chardet is not None:
+    target = chardet.__name__
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == target or mod.startswith(f"{target}."):
+            imported_mod = sys.modules[mod]
+            sys.modules[f"requests.packages.{mod}"] = imported_mod
+            mod = mod.replace(target, "chardet")
+            sys.modules[f"requests.packages.{mod}"] = imported_mod
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b387bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+"""
+requests.sessions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
+requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import Mapping, cookielib, urljoin, urlparse
+from .cookies import (
+    RequestsCookieJar,
+    cookiejar_from_dict,
+    extract_cookies_to_jar,
+    merge_cookies,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+)
+from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
+
+# formerly defined here, reexposed here for backward compatibility
+from .models import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT,
+    REDIRECT_STATI,
+    PreparedRequest,
+    Request,
+)
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_PORTS,
+    default_headers,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_environ_proxies,
+    get_netrc_auth,
+    requote_uri,
+    resolve_proxies,
+    rewind_body,
+    should_bypass_proxies,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+# Preferred clock, based on which one is more accurate on a given system.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
+else:
+    preferred_clock = time.time
+
+
+def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Determines appropriate setting for a given request, taking into account
+    the explicit setting on that request, and the setting in the session. If a
+    setting is a dictionary, they will be merged together using `dict_class`
+    """
+
+    if session_setting is None:
+        return request_setting
+
+    if request_setting is None:
+        return session_setting
+
+    # Bypass if not a dictionary (e.g. verify)
+    if not (
+        isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
+    ):
+        return request_setting
+
+    merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))
+    merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))
+
+    # Remove keys that are set to None. Extract keys first to avoid altering
+    # the dictionary during iteration.
+    none_keys = [k for (k, v) in merged_setting.items() if v is None]
+    for key in none_keys:
+        del merged_setting[key]
+
+    return merged_setting
+
+
+def merge_hooks(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Properly merges both requests and session hooks.
+
+    This is necessary because when request_hooks == {'response': []}, the
+    merge breaks Session hooks entirely.
+    """
+    if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return request_hooks
+
+    if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return session_hooks
+
+    return merge_setting(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class)
+
+
+class SessionRedirectMixin:
+    def get_redirect_target(self, resp):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or ``None``"""
+        # Due to the nature of how requests processes redirects this method will
+        # be called at least once upon the original response and at least twice
+        # on each subsequent redirect response (if any).
+        # If a custom mixin is used to handle this logic, it may be advantageous
+        # to cache the redirect location onto the response object as a private
+        # attribute.
+        if resp.is_redirect:
+            location = resp.headers["location"]
+            # Currently the underlying http module on py3 decode headers
+            # in latin1, but empirical evidence suggests that latin1 is very
+            # rarely used with non-ASCII characters in HTTP headers.
+            # It is more likely to get UTF8 header rather than latin1.
+            # This causes incorrect handling of UTF8 encoded location headers.
+            # To solve this, we re-encode the location in latin1.
+            location = location.encode("latin1")
+            return to_native_string(location, "utf8")
+        return None
+
+    def should_strip_auth(self, old_url, new_url):
+        """Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting"""
+        old_parsed = urlparse(old_url)
+        new_parsed = urlparse(new_url)
+        if old_parsed.hostname != new_parsed.hostname:
+            return True
+        # Special case: allow http -> https redirect when using the standard
+        # ports. This isn't specified by RFC 7235, but is kept to avoid
+        # breaking backwards compatibility with older versions of requests
+        # that allowed any redirects on the same host.
+        if (
+            old_parsed.scheme == "http"
+            and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
+            and new_parsed.scheme == "https"
+            and new_parsed.port in (443, None)
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Handle default port usage corresponding to scheme.
+        changed_port = old_parsed.port != new_parsed.port
+        changed_scheme = old_parsed.scheme != new_parsed.scheme
+        default_port = (DEFAULT_PORTS.get(old_parsed.scheme, None), None)
+        if (
+            not changed_scheme
+            and old_parsed.port in default_port
+            and new_parsed.port in default_port
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Standard case: root URI must match
+        return changed_port or changed_scheme
+
+    def resolve_redirects(
+        self,
+        resp,
+        req,
+        stream=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        verify=True,
+        cert=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        yield_requests=False,
+        **adapter_kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests."""
+
+        hist = []  # keep track of history
+
+        url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+        previous_fragment = urlparse(req.url).fragment
+        while url:
+            prepared_request = req.copy()
+
+            # Update history and keep track of redirects.
+            # resp.history must ignore the original request in this loop
+            hist.append(resp)
+            resp.history = hist[1:]
+
+            try:
+                resp.content  # Consume socket so it can be released
+            except (ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError, RuntimeError):
+                resp.raw.read(decode_content=False)
+
+            if len(resp.history) >= self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    f"Exceeded {self.max_redirects} redirects.", response=resp
+                )
+
+            # Release the connection back into the pool.
+            resp.close()
+
+            # Handle redirection without scheme (see: RFC 1808 Section 4)
+            if url.startswith("//"):
+                parsed_rurl = urlparse(resp.url)
+                url = ":".join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
+
+            # Normalize url case and attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            if parsed.fragment == "" and previous_fragment:
+                parsed = parsed._replace(fragment=previous_fragment)
+            elif parsed.fragment:
+                previous_fragment = parsed.fragment
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+
+            # Facilitate relative 'location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+            # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+            # Compliant with RFC3986, we percent encode the url.
+            if not parsed.netloc:
+                url = urljoin(resp.url, requote_uri(url))
+            else:
+                url = requote_uri(url)
+
+            prepared_request.url = to_native_string(url)
+
+            self.rebuild_method(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1084
+            if resp.status_code not in (
+                codes.temporary_redirect,
+                codes.permanent_redirect,
+            ):
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3490
+                purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type", "Transfer-Encoding")
+                for header in purged_headers:
+                    prepared_request.headers.pop(header, None)
+                prepared_request.body = None
+
+            headers = prepared_request.headers
+            headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+            # Extract any cookies sent on the response to the cookiejar
+            # in the new request. Because we've mutated our copied prepared
+            # request, use the old one that we haven't yet touched.
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prepared_request._cookies, req, resp.raw)
+            merge_cookies(prepared_request._cookies, self.cookies)
+            prepared_request.prepare_cookies(prepared_request._cookies)
+
+            # Rebuild auth and proxy information.
+            proxies = self.rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)
+            self.rebuild_auth(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # A failed tell() sets `_body_position` to `object()`. This non-None
+            # value ensures `rewindable` will be True, allowing us to raise an
+            # UnrewindableBodyError, instead of hanging the connection.
+            rewindable = prepared_request._body_position is not None and (
+                "Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers
+            )
+
+            # Attempt to rewind consumed file-like object.
+            if rewindable:
+                rewind_body(prepared_request)
+
+            # Override the original request.
+            req = prepared_request
+
+            if yield_requests:
+                yield req
+            else:
+                resp = self.send(
+                    req,
+                    stream=stream,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    verify=verify,
+                    cert=cert,
+                    proxies=proxies,
+                    allow_redirects=False,
+                    **adapter_kwargs,
+                )
+
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, prepared_request, resp.raw)
+
+                # extract redirect url, if any, for the next loop
+                url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+                yield resp
+
+    def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the
+        request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes
+        and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        url = prepared_request.url
+
+        if "Authorization" in headers and self.should_strip_auth(
+            response.request.url, url
+        ):
+            # If we get redirected to a new host, we should strip out any
+            # authentication headers.
+            del headers["Authorization"]
+
+        # .netrc might have more auth for us on our new host.
+        new_auth = get_netrc_auth(url) if self.trust_env else None
+        if new_auth is not None:
+            prepared_request.prepare_auth(new_auth)
+
+    def rebuild_proxies(self, prepared_request, proxies):
+        """This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the
+        environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by
+        NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing
+        proxy keys for this URL (in case they were stripped by a previous
+        redirect).
+
+        This method also replaces the Proxy-Authorization header where
+        necessary.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        scheme = urlparse(prepared_request.url).scheme
+        new_proxies = resolve_proxies(prepared_request, proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        if "Proxy-Authorization" in headers:
+            del headers["Proxy-Authorization"]
+
+        try:
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(new_proxies[scheme])
+        except KeyError:
+            username, password = None, None
+
+        # urllib3 handles proxy authorization for us in the standard adapter.
+        # Avoid appending this to TLS tunneled requests where it may be leaked.
+        if not scheme.startswith("https") and username and password:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return new_proxies
+
+    def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = prepared_request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # First, turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.found and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Second, if a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in Issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        prepared_request.method = method
+
+
+class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
+    """A Requests session.
+
+    Provides cookie persistence, connection-pooling, and configuration.
+
+    Basic Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+
+    Or as a context manager::
+
+      >>> with requests.Session() as s:
+      ...     s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "headers",
+        "cookies",
+        "auth",
+        "proxies",
+        "hooks",
+        "params",
+        "verify",
+        "cert",
+        "adapters",
+        "stream",
+        "trust_env",
+        "max_redirects",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>` sent from this
+        #: :class:`Session <Session>`.
+        self.headers = default_headers()
+
+        #: Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.auth = None
+
+        #: Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy
+        #: (e.g. {'http': 'foo.bar:3128', 'http://host.name': 'foo.bar:4012'}) to
+        #: be used on each :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.proxies = {}
+
+        #: Event-handling hooks.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+
+        #: Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`. The dictionary values may be lists for
+        #: representing multivalued query parameters.
+        self.params = {}
+
+        #: Stream response content default.
+        self.stream = False
+
+        #: SSL Verification default.
+        #: Defaults to `True`, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the
+        #: remote end.
+        #: If verify is set to `False`, requests will accept any TLS certificate
+        #: presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or
+        #: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+        #: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
+        #: Only set this to `False` for testing.
+        self.verify = True
+
+        #: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
+        #: cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        self.cert = None
+
+        #: Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this
+        #: limit, a :class:`TooManyRedirects` exception is raised.
+        #: This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is
+        #: 30.
+        self.max_redirects = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
+
+        #: Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default
+        #: authentication and similar.
+        self.trust_env = True
+
+        #: A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this
+        #: session. By default it is a
+        #: :class:`RequestsCookieJar <requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar>`, but
+        #: may be any other ``cookielib.CookieJar`` compatible object.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        # Default connection adapters.
+        self.adapters = OrderedDict()
+        self.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())
+        self.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter())
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def prepare_request(self, request):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for
+        transmission and returns it. The :class:`PreparedRequest` has settings
+        merged from the :class:`Request <Request>` instance and those of the
+        :class:`Session`.
+
+        :param request: :class:`Request` instance to prepare with this
+            session's settings.
+        :rtype: requests.PreparedRequest
+        """
+        cookies = request.cookies or {}
+
+        # Bootstrap CookieJar.
+        if not isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        # Merge with session cookies
+        merged_cookies = merge_cookies(
+            merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies
+        )
+
+        # Set environment's basic authentication if not explicitly set.
+        auth = request.auth
+        if self.trust_env and not auth and not self.auth:
+            auth = get_netrc_auth(request.url)
+
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=request.method.upper(),
+            url=request.url,
+            files=request.files,
+            data=request.data,
+            json=request.json,
+            headers=merge_setting(
+                request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict
+            ),
+            params=merge_setting(request.params, self.params),
+            auth=merge_setting(auth, self.auth),
+            cookies=merged_cookies,
+            hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
+        )
+        return p
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=True,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
+        Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
+
+        :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query
+            string for the :class:`Request`.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects``
+            for multipart encoding upload.
+        :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
+            Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default.
+        :type allow_redirects: bool
+        :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
+            hostname to the URL of the proxy.
+        :param hooks: (optional) Dictionary mapping hook name to one event or
+            list of events, event must be callable.
+        :param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
+            content. Defaults to ``False``.
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. When set to
+            ``False``, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by
+            the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired
+            certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+            man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False``
+            may be useful during local development or testing.
+        :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
+            If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Create the Request.
+        req = Request(
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            files=files,
+            data=data or {},
+            json=json,
+            params=params or {},
+            auth=auth,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            hooks=hooks,
+        )
+        prep = self.prepare_request(req)
+
+        proxies = proxies or {}
+
+        settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
+            prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert
+        )
+
+        # Send the request.
+        send_kwargs = {
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "allow_redirects": allow_redirects,
+        }
+        send_kwargs.update(settings)
+        resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def options(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("OPTIONS", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a HEAD request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("POST", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PUT request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PUT", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PATCH request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def send(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Send a given PreparedRequest.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Set defaults that the hooks can utilize to ensure they always have
+        # the correct parameters to reproduce the previous request.
+        kwargs.setdefault("stream", self.stream)
+        kwargs.setdefault("verify", self.verify)
+        kwargs.setdefault("cert", self.cert)
+        if "proxies" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["proxies"] = resolve_proxies(request, self.proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        # It's possible that users might accidentally send a Request object.
+        # Guard against that specific failure case.
+        if isinstance(request, Request):
+            raise ValueError("You can only send PreparedRequests.")
+
+        # Set up variables needed for resolve_redirects and dispatching of hooks
+        allow_redirects = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+        stream = kwargs.get("stream")
+        hooks = request.hooks
+
+        # Get the appropriate adapter to use
+        adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
+
+        # Start time (approximately) of the request
+        start = preferred_clock()
+
+        # Send the request
+        r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
+
+        # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
+        elapsed = preferred_clock() - start
+        r.elapsed = timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+
+        # Response manipulation hooks
+        r = dispatch_hook("response", hooks, r, **kwargs)
+
+        # Persist cookies
+        if r.history:
+            # If the hooks create history then we want those cookies too
+            for resp in r.history:
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, request, r.raw)
+
+        # Resolve redirects if allowed.
+        if allow_redirects:
+            # Redirect resolving generator.
+            gen = self.resolve_redirects(r, request, **kwargs)
+            history = [resp for resp in gen]
+        else:
+            history = []
+
+        # Shuffle things around if there's history.
+        if history:
+            # Insert the first (original) request at the start
+            history.insert(0, r)
+            # Get the last request made
+            r = history.pop()
+            r.history = history
+
+        # If redirects aren't being followed, store the response on the Request for Response.next().
+        if not allow_redirects:
+            try:
+                r._next = next(
+                    self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs)
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+
+        if not stream:
+            r.content
+
+        return r
+
+    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
+        """
+        Check the environment and merge it with some settings.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        # Gather clues from the surrounding environment.
+        if self.trust_env:
+            # Set environment's proxies.
+            no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy") if proxies is not None else None
+            env_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+            for k, v in env_proxies.items():
+                proxies.setdefault(k, v)
+
+            # Look for requests environment configuration
+            # and be compatible with cURL.
+            if verify is True or verify is None:
+                verify = (
+                    os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or verify
+                )
+
+        # Merge all the kwargs.
+        proxies = merge_setting(proxies, self.proxies)
+        stream = merge_setting(stream, self.stream)
+        verify = merge_setting(verify, self.verify)
+        cert = merge_setting(cert, self.cert)
+
+        return {"proxies": proxies, "stream": stream, "verify": verify, "cert": cert}
+
+    def get_adapter(self, url):
+        """
+        Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.
+
+        :rtype: requests.adapters.BaseAdapter
+        """
+        for prefix, adapter in self.adapters.items():
+            if url.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
+                return adapter
+
+        # Nothing matches :-/
+        raise InvalidSchema(f"No connection adapters were found for {url!r}")
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Closes all adapters and as such the session"""
+        for v in self.adapters.values():
+            v.close()
+
+    def mount(self, prefix, adapter):
+        """Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.
+
+        Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.
+        """
+        self.adapters[prefix] = adapter
+        keys_to_move = [k for k in self.adapters if len(k) < len(prefix)]
+
+        for key in keys_to_move:
+            self.adapters[key] = self.adapters.pop(key)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        state = {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+
+def session():
+    """
+    Returns a :class:`Session` for context-management.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.0.0
+
+        This method has been deprecated since version 1.0.0 and is only kept for
+        backwards compatibility. New code should use :class:`~requests.sessions.Session`
+        to create a session. This may be removed at a future date.
+
+    :rtype: Session
+    """
+    return Session()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7945a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+r"""
+The ``codes`` object defines a mapping from common names for HTTP statuses
+to their numerical codes, accessible either as attributes or as dictionary
+items.
+
+Example::
+
+    >>> import requests
+    >>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
+    307
+    >>> requests.codes.teapot
+    418
+    >>> requests.codes['\o/']
+    200
+
+Some codes have multiple names, and both upper- and lower-case versions of
+the names are allowed. For example, ``codes.ok``, ``codes.OK``, and
+``codes.okay`` all correspond to the HTTP status code 200.
+"""
+
+from .structures import LookupDict
+
+_codes = {
+    # Informational.
+    100: ("continue",),
+    101: ("switching_protocols",),
+    102: ("processing", "early-hints"),
+    103: ("checkpoint",),
+    122: ("uri_too_long", "request_uri_too_long"),
+    200: ("ok", "okay", "all_ok", "all_okay", "all_good", "\\o/", "✓"),
+    201: ("created",),
+    202: ("accepted",),
+    203: ("non_authoritative_info", "non_authoritative_information"),
+    204: ("no_content",),
+    205: ("reset_content", "reset"),
+    206: ("partial_content", "partial"),
+    207: ("multi_status", "multiple_status", "multi_stati", "multiple_stati"),
+    208: ("already_reported",),
+    226: ("im_used",),
+    # Redirection.
+    300: ("multiple_choices",),
+    301: ("moved_permanently", "moved", "\\o-"),
+    302: ("found",),
+    303: ("see_other", "other"),
+    304: ("not_modified",),
+    305: ("use_proxy",),
+    306: ("switch_proxy",),
+    307: ("temporary_redirect", "temporary_moved", "temporary"),
+    308: (
+        "permanent_redirect",
+        "resume_incomplete",
+        "resume",
+    ),  # "resume" and "resume_incomplete" to be removed in 3.0
+    # Client Error.
+    400: ("bad_request", "bad"),
+    401: ("unauthorized",),
+    402: ("payment_required", "payment"),
+    403: ("forbidden",),
+    404: ("not_found", "-o-"),
+    405: ("method_not_allowed", "not_allowed"),
+    406: ("not_acceptable",),
+    407: ("proxy_authentication_required", "proxy_auth", "proxy_authentication"),
+    408: ("request_timeout", "timeout"),
+    409: ("conflict",),
+    410: ("gone",),
+    411: ("length_required",),
+    412: ("precondition_failed", "precondition"),
+    413: ("request_entity_too_large", "content_too_large"),
+    414: ("request_uri_too_large", "uri_too_long"),
+    415: ("unsupported_media_type", "unsupported_media", "media_type"),
+    416: (
+        "requested_range_not_satisfiable",
+        "requested_range",
+        "range_not_satisfiable",
+    ),
+    417: ("expectation_failed",),
+    418: ("im_a_teapot", "teapot", "i_am_a_teapot"),
+    421: ("misdirected_request",),
+    422: ("unprocessable_entity", "unprocessable", "unprocessable_content"),
+    423: ("locked",),
+    424: ("failed_dependency", "dependency"),
+    425: ("unordered_collection", "unordered", "too_early"),
+    426: ("upgrade_required", "upgrade"),
+    428: ("precondition_required", "precondition"),
+    429: ("too_many_requests", "too_many"),
+    431: ("header_fields_too_large", "fields_too_large"),
+    444: ("no_response", "none"),
+    449: ("retry_with", "retry"),
+    450: ("blocked_by_windows_parental_controls", "parental_controls"),
+    451: ("unavailable_for_legal_reasons", "legal_reasons"),
+    499: ("client_closed_request",),
+    # Server Error.
+    500: ("internal_server_error", "server_error", "/o\\", "✗"),
+    501: ("not_implemented",),
+    502: ("bad_gateway",),
+    503: ("service_unavailable", "unavailable"),
+    504: ("gateway_timeout",),
+    505: ("http_version_not_supported", "http_version"),
+    506: ("variant_also_negotiates",),
+    507: ("insufficient_storage",),
+    509: ("bandwidth_limit_exceeded", "bandwidth"),
+    510: ("not_extended",),
+    511: ("network_authentication_required", "network_auth", "network_authentication"),
+}
+
+codes = LookupDict(name="status_codes")
+
+
+def _init():
+    for code, titles in _codes.items():
+        for title in titles:
+            setattr(codes, title, code)
+            if not title.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+                setattr(codes, title.upper(), code)
+
+    def doc(code):
+        names = ", ".join(f"``{n}``" for n in _codes[code])
+        return "* %d: %s" % (code, names)
+
+    global __doc__
+    __doc__ = (
+        __doc__ + "\n" + "\n".join(doc(code) for code in sorted(_codes))
+        if __doc__ is not None
+        else None
+    )
+
+
+_init()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188e13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""
+requests.structures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Data structures that power Requests.
+"""
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .compat import Mapping, MutableMapping
+
+
+class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
+    """A case-insensitive ``dict``-like object.
+
+    Implements all methods and operations of
+    ``MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
+    provides ``lower_items``.
+
+    All keys are expected to be strings. The structure remembers the
+    case of the last key to be set, and ``iter(instance)``,
+    ``keys()``, ``items()``, ``iterkeys()``, and ``iteritems()``
+    will contain case-sensitive keys. However, querying and contains
+    testing is case insensitive::
+
+        cid = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        cid['Accept'] = 'application/json'
+        cid['aCCEPT'] == 'application/json'  # True
+        list(cid) == ['Accept']  # True
+
+    For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+    value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header, regardless
+    of how the header name was originally stored.
+
+    If the constructor, ``.update``, or equality comparison
+    operations are given keys that have equal ``.lower()``s, the
+    behavior is undefined.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None, **kwargs):
+        self._store = OrderedDict()
+        if data is None:
+            data = {}
+        self.update(data, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        # Use the lowercased key for lookups, but store the actual
+        # key alongside the value.
+        self._store[key.lower()] = (key, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._store[key.lower()][1]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._store[key.lower()]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (casedkey for casedkey, mappedvalue in self._store.values())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._store)
+
+    def lower_items(self):
+        """Like iteritems(), but with all lowercase keys."""
+        return ((lowerkey, keyval[1]) for (lowerkey, keyval) in self._store.items())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            other = CaseInsensitiveDict(other)
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+        # Compare insensitively
+        return dict(self.lower_items()) == dict(other.lower_items())
+
+    # Copy is required
+    def copy(self):
+        return CaseInsensitiveDict(self._store.values())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(dict(self.items()))
+
+
+class LookupDict(dict):
+    """Dictionary lookup object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name=None):
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<lookup '{self.name}'>"
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # We allow fall-through here, so values default to None
+
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, None)
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, default)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a35ce47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1096 @@
+"""
+requests.utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides utility functions that are used within Requests
+that are also useful for external consumption.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import struct
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import make_headers, parse_url
+
+from . import certs
+from .__version__ import __version__
+
+# to_native_string is unused here, but imported here for backwards compatibility
+from ._internal_utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+    HEADER_VALIDATORS,
+    to_native_string,
+)
+from .compat import (
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    bytes,
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    integer_types,
+)
+from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
+from .compat import (
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+    quote,
+    str,
+    unquote,
+    urlparse,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict
+from .exceptions import (
+    FileModeWarning,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidURL,
+    UnrewindableBodyError,
+)
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+NETRC_FILES = (".netrc", "_netrc")
+
+DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = certs.where()
+
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# Ensure that ', ' is used to preserve previous delimiter behavior.
+DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    re.split(r",\s*", make_headers(accept_encoding=True)["accept-encoding"])
+)
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    # provide a proxy_bypass version on Windows without DNS lookups
+
+    def proxy_bypass_registry(host):
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(
+                winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings",
+            )
+            # ProxyEnable could be REG_SZ or REG_DWORD, normalizing it
+            proxyEnable = int(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyEnable")[0])
+            # ProxyOverride is almost always a string
+            proxyOverride = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyOverride")[0]
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            return False
+        if not proxyEnable or not proxyOverride:
+            return False
+
+        # make a check value list from the registry entry: replace the
+        # '<local>' string by the localhost entry and the corresponding
+        # canonical entry.
+        proxyOverride = proxyOverride.split(";")
+        # filter out empty strings to avoid re.match return true in the following code.
+        proxyOverride = filter(None, proxyOverride)
+        # now check if we match one of the registry values.
+        for test in proxyOverride:
+            if test == "<local>":
+                if "." not in host:
+                    return True
+            test = test.replace(".", r"\.")  # mask dots
+            test = test.replace("*", r".*")  # change glob sequence
+            test = test.replace("?", r".")  # change glob char
+            if re.match(test, host, re.I):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def proxy_bypass(host):  # noqa
+        """Return True, if the host should be bypassed.
+
+        Checks proxy settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
+        or the registry.
+        """
+        if getproxies_environment():
+            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
+        else:
+            return proxy_bypass_registry(host)
+
+
+def dict_to_sequence(d):
+    """Returns an internal sequence dictionary update."""
+
+    if hasattr(d, "items"):
+        d = d.items()
+
+    return d
+
+
+def super_len(o):
+    total_length = None
+    current_position = 0
+
+    if isinstance(o, str):
+        o = o.encode("utf-8")
+
+    if hasattr(o, "__len__"):
+        total_length = len(o)
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "len"):
+        total_length = o.len
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "fileno"):
+        try:
+            fileno = o.fileno()
+        except (io.UnsupportedOperation, AttributeError):
+            # AttributeError is a surprising exception, seeing as how we've just checked
+            # that `hasattr(o, 'fileno')`.  It happens for objects obtained via
+            # `Tarfile.extractfile()`, per issue 5229.
+            pass
+        else:
+            total_length = os.fstat(fileno).st_size
+
+            # Having used fstat to determine the file length, we need to
+            # confirm that this file was opened up in binary mode.
+            if "b" not in o.mode:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Requests has determined the content-length for this "
+                        "request using the binary size of the file: however, the "
+                        "file has been opened in text mode (i.e. without the 'b' "
+                        "flag in the mode). This may lead to an incorrect "
+                        "content-length. In Requests 3.0, support will be removed "
+                        "for files in text mode."
+                    ),
+                    FileModeWarning,
+                )
+
+    if hasattr(o, "tell"):
+        try:
+            current_position = o.tell()
+        except OSError:
+            # This can happen in some weird situations, such as when the file
+            # is actually a special file descriptor like stdin. In this
+            # instance, we don't know what the length is, so set it to zero and
+            # let requests chunk it instead.
+            if total_length is not None:
+                current_position = total_length
+        else:
+            if hasattr(o, "seek") and total_length is None:
+                # StringIO and BytesIO have seek but no usable fileno
+                try:
+                    # seek to end of file
+                    o.seek(0, 2)
+                    total_length = o.tell()
+
+                    # seek back to current position to support
+                    # partially read file-like objects
+                    o.seek(current_position or 0)
+                except OSError:
+                    total_length = 0
+
+    if total_length is None:
+        total_length = 0
+
+    return max(0, total_length - current_position)
+
+
+def get_netrc_auth(url, raise_errors=False):
+    """Returns the Requests tuple auth for a given url from netrc."""
+
+    netrc_file = os.environ.get("NETRC")
+    if netrc_file is not None:
+        netrc_locations = (netrc_file,)
+    else:
+        netrc_locations = (f"~/{f}" for f in NETRC_FILES)
+
+    try:
+        from netrc import NetrcParseError, netrc
+
+        netrc_path = None
+
+        for f in netrc_locations:
+            try:
+                loc = os.path.expanduser(f)
+            except KeyError:
+                # os.path.expanduser can fail when $HOME is undefined and
+                # getpwuid fails. See https://bugs.python.org/issue20164 &
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1846
+                return
+
+            if os.path.exists(loc):
+                netrc_path = loc
+                break
+
+        # Abort early if there isn't one.
+        if netrc_path is None:
+            return
+
+        ri = urlparse(url)
+
+        # Strip port numbers from netloc. This weird `if...encode`` dance is
+        # used for Python 3.2, which doesn't support unicode literals.
+        splitstr = b":"
+        if isinstance(url, str):
+            splitstr = splitstr.decode("ascii")
+        host = ri.netloc.split(splitstr)[0]
+
+        try:
+            _netrc = netrc(netrc_path).authenticators(host)
+            if _netrc:
+                # Return with login / password
+                login_i = 0 if _netrc[0] else 1
+                return (_netrc[login_i], _netrc[2])
+        except (NetrcParseError, OSError):
+            # If there was a parsing error or a permissions issue reading the file,
+            # we'll just skip netrc auth unless explicitly asked to raise errors.
+            if raise_errors:
+                raise
+
+    # App Engine hackiness.
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+
+
+def guess_filename(obj):
+    """Tries to guess the filename of the given object."""
+    name = getattr(obj, "name", None)
+    if name and isinstance(name, basestring) and name[0] != "<" and name[-1] != ">":
+        return os.path.basename(name)
+
+
+def extract_zipped_paths(path):
+    """Replace nonexistent paths that look like they refer to a member of a zip
+    archive with the location of an extracted copy of the target, or else
+    just return the provided path unchanged.
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        # this is already a valid path, no need to do anything further
+        return path
+
+    # find the first valid part of the provided path and treat that as a zip archive
+    # assume the rest of the path is the name of a member in the archive
+    archive, member = os.path.split(path)
+    while archive and not os.path.exists(archive):
+        archive, prefix = os.path.split(archive)
+        if not prefix:
+            # If we don't check for an empty prefix after the split (in other words, archive remains unchanged after the split),
+            # we _can_ end up in an infinite loop on a rare corner case affecting a small number of users
+            break
+        member = "/".join([prefix, member])
+
+    if not zipfile.is_zipfile(archive):
+        return path
+
+    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(archive)
+    if member not in zip_file.namelist():
+        return path
+
+    # we have a valid zip archive and a valid member of that archive
+    tmp = tempfile.gettempdir()
+    extracted_path = os.path.join(tmp, member.split("/")[-1])
+    if not os.path.exists(extracted_path):
+        # use read + write to avoid the creating nested folders, we only want the file, avoids mkdir racing condition
+        with atomic_open(extracted_path) as file_handler:
+            file_handler.write(zip_file.read(member))
+    return extracted_path
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def atomic_open(filename):
+    """Write a file to the disk in an atomic fashion"""
+    tmp_descriptor, tmp_name = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename))
+    try:
+        with os.fdopen(tmp_descriptor, "wb") as tmp_handler:
+            yield tmp_handler
+        os.replace(tmp_name, filename)
+    except BaseException:
+        os.remove(tmp_name)
+        raise
+
+
+def from_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. Unless it can not be represented as such, return an
+    OrderedDict, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> from_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+        >>> from_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+        >>> from_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+
+    :rtype: OrderedDict
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    return OrderedDict(value)
+
+
+def to_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. If it can be, return a list of tuples, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> to_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+        value = value.items()
+
+    return list(value)
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_list_header(value):
+    """Parse lists as described by RFC 2068 Section 2.
+
+    In particular, parse comma-separated lists where the elements of
+    the list may include quoted-strings.  A quoted-string could
+    contain a comma.  A non-quoted string could have quotes in the
+    middle.  Quotes are removed automatically after parsing.
+
+    It basically works like :func:`parse_set_header` just that items
+    may appear multiple times and case sensitivity is preserved.
+
+    The return value is a standard :class:`list`:
+
+    >>> parse_list_header('token, "quoted value"')
+    ['token', 'quoted value']
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`list` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a list header.
+    :return: :class:`list`
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    result = []
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if item[:1] == item[-1:] == '"':
+            item = unquote_header_value(item[1:-1])
+        result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_dict_header(value):
+    """Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and
+    convert them into a python dict:
+
+    >>> d = parse_dict_header('foo="is a fish", bar="as well"')
+    >>> type(d) is dict
+    True
+    >>> sorted(d.items())
+    [('bar', 'as well'), ('foo', 'is a fish')]
+
+    If there is no value for a key it will be `None`:
+
+    >>> parse_dict_header('key_without_value')
+    {'key_without_value': None}
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`dict` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a dict header.
+    :return: :class:`dict`
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if "=" not in item:
+            result[item] = None
+            continue
+        name, value = item.split("=", 1)
+        if value[:1] == value[-1:] == '"':
+            value = unquote_header_value(value[1:-1])
+        result[name] = value
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def unquote_header_value(value, is_filename=False):
+    r"""Unquotes a header value.  (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`).
+    This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually
+    using for quoting.
+
+    :param value: the header value to unquote.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    if value and value[0] == value[-1] == '"':
+        # this is not the real unquoting, but fixing this so that the
+        # RFC is met will result in bugs with internet explorer and
+        # probably some other browsers as well.  IE for example is
+        # uploading files with "C:\foo\bar.txt" as filename
+        value = value[1:-1]
+
+        # if this is a filename and the starting characters look like
+        # a UNC path, then just return the value without quotes.  Using the
+        # replace sequence below on a UNC path has the effect of turning
+        # the leading double slash into a single slash and then
+        # _fix_ie_filename() doesn't work correctly.  See #458.
+        if not is_filename or value[:2] != "\\\\":
+            return value.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+    return value
+
+
+def dict_from_cookiejar(cj):
+    """Returns a key/value dictionary from a CookieJar.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar object to extract cookies from.
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+
+    cookie_dict = {cookie.name: cookie.value for cookie in cj}
+    return cookie_dict
+
+
+def add_dict_to_cookiejar(cj, cookie_dict):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar to insert cookies into.
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+
+    return cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cj)
+
+
+def get_encodings_from_content(content):
+    """Returns encodings from given content string.
+
+    :param content: bytestring to extract encodings from.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_encodings_from_content will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    charset_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?charset=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    pragma_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?content=["\']*;?charset=(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    xml_re = re.compile(r'^<\?xml.*?encoding=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]')
+
+    return (
+        charset_re.findall(content)
+        + pragma_re.findall(content)
+        + xml_re.findall(content)
+    )
+
+
+def _parse_content_type_header(header):
+    """Returns content type and parameters from given header
+
+    :param header: string
+    :return: tuple containing content type and dictionary of
+         parameters
+    """
+
+    tokens = header.split(";")
+    content_type, params = tokens[0].strip(), tokens[1:]
+    params_dict = {}
+    items_to_strip = "\"' "
+
+    for param in params:
+        param = param.strip()
+        if param:
+            key, value = param, True
+            index_of_equals = param.find("=")
+            if index_of_equals != -1:
+                key = param[:index_of_equals].strip(items_to_strip)
+                value = param[index_of_equals + 1 :].strip(items_to_strip)
+            params_dict[key.lower()] = value
+    return content_type, params_dict
+
+
+def get_encoding_from_headers(headers):
+    """Returns encodings from given HTTP Header Dict.
+
+    :param headers: dictionary to extract encoding from.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+
+    content_type = headers.get("content-type")
+
+    if not content_type:
+        return None
+
+    content_type, params = _parse_content_type_header(content_type)
+
+    if "charset" in params:
+        return params["charset"].strip("'\"")
+
+    if "text" in content_type:
+        return "ISO-8859-1"
+
+    if "application/json" in content_type:
+        # Assume UTF-8 based on RFC 4627: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt since the charset was unset
+        return "utf-8"
+
+
+def stream_decode_response_unicode(iterator, r):
+    """Stream decodes an iterator."""
+
+    if r.encoding is None:
+        yield from iterator
+        return
+
+    decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(r.encoding)(errors="replace")
+    for chunk in iterator:
+        rv = decoder.decode(chunk)
+        if rv:
+            yield rv
+    rv = decoder.decode(b"", final=True)
+    if rv:
+        yield rv
+
+
+def iter_slices(string, slice_length):
+    """Iterate over slices of a string."""
+    pos = 0
+    if slice_length is None or slice_length <= 0:
+        slice_length = len(string)
+    while pos < len(string):
+        yield string[pos : pos + slice_length]
+        pos += slice_length
+
+
+def get_unicode_from_response(r):
+    """Returns the requested content back in unicode.
+
+    :param r: Response object to get unicode content from.
+
+    Tried:
+
+    1. charset from content-type
+    2. fall back and replace all unicode characters
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_unicode_from_response will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    tried_encodings = []
+
+    # Try charset from content-type
+    encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(r.headers)
+
+    if encoding:
+        try:
+            return str(r.content, encoding)
+        except UnicodeError:
+            tried_encodings.append(encoding)
+
+    # Fall back:
+    try:
+        return str(r.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+    except TypeError:
+        return r.content
+
+
+# The unreserved URI characters (RFC 3986)
+UNRESERVED_SET = frozenset(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + "0123456789-._~"
+)
+
+
+def unquote_unreserved(uri):
+    """Un-escape any percent-escape sequences in a URI that are unreserved
+    characters. This leaves all reserved, illegal and non-ASCII bytes encoded.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parts = uri.split("%")
+    for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+        h = parts[i][0:2]
+        if len(h) == 2 and h.isalnum():
+            try:
+                c = chr(int(h, 16))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid percent-escape sequence: '{h}'")
+
+            if c in UNRESERVED_SET:
+                parts[i] = c + parts[i][2:]
+            else:
+                parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+        else:
+            parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def requote_uri(uri):
+    """Re-quote the given URI.
+
+    This function passes the given URI through an unquote/quote cycle to
+    ensure that it is fully and consistently quoted.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    safe_with_percent = "!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    safe_without_percent = "!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    try:
+        # Unquote only the unreserved characters
+        # Then quote only illegal characters (do not quote reserved,
+        # unreserved, or '%')
+        return quote(unquote_unreserved(uri), safe=safe_with_percent)
+    except InvalidURL:
+        # We couldn't unquote the given URI, so let's try quoting it, but
+        # there may be unquoted '%'s in the URI. We need to make sure they're
+        # properly quoted so they do not cause issues elsewhere.
+        return quote(uri, safe=safe_without_percent)
+
+
+def address_in_network(ip, net):
+    """This function allows you to check if an IP belongs to a network subnet
+
+    Example: returns True if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.1.0/24
+             returns False if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.100.0/24
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    ipaddr = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
+    netaddr, bits = net.split("/")
+    netmask = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(dotted_netmask(int(bits))))[0]
+    network = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & netmask
+    return (ipaddr & netmask) == (network & netmask)
+
+
+def dotted_netmask(mask):
+    """Converts mask from /xx format to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
+
+    Example: if mask is 24 function returns 255.255.255.0
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    bits = 0xFFFFFFFF ^ (1 << 32 - mask) - 1
+    return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack(">I", bits))
+
+
+def is_ipv4_address(string_ip):
+    """
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    try:
+        socket.inet_aton(string_ip)
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_valid_cidr(string_network):
+    """
+    Very simple check of the cidr format in no_proxy variable.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    if string_network.count("/") == 1:
+        try:
+            mask = int(string_network.split("/")[1])
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        if mask < 1 or mask > 32:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            socket.inet_aton(string_network.split("/")[0])
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+    else:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_environ(env_name, value):
+    """Set the environment variable 'env_name' to 'value'
+
+    Save previous value, yield, and then restore the previous value stored in
+    the environment variable 'env_name'.
+
+    If 'value' is None, do nothing"""
+    value_changed = value is not None
+    if value_changed:
+        old_value = os.environ.get(env_name)
+        os.environ[env_name] = value
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if value_changed:
+            if old_value is None:
+                del os.environ[env_name]
+            else:
+                os.environ[env_name] = old_value
+
+
+def should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy):
+    """
+    Returns whether we should bypass proxies or not.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+
+    # Prioritize lowercase environment variables over uppercase
+    # to keep a consistent behaviour with other http projects (curl, wget).
+    def get_proxy(key):
+        return os.environ.get(key) or os.environ.get(key.upper())
+
+    # First check whether no_proxy is defined. If it is, check that the URL
+    # we're getting isn't in the no_proxy list.
+    no_proxy_arg = no_proxy
+    if no_proxy is None:
+        no_proxy = get_proxy("no_proxy")
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        # URLs don't always have hostnames, e.g. file:/// urls.
+        return True
+
+    if no_proxy:
+        # We need to check whether we match here. We need to see if we match
+        # the end of the hostname, both with and without the port.
+        no_proxy = (host for host in no_proxy.replace(" ", "").split(",") if host)
+
+        if is_ipv4_address(parsed.hostname):
+            for proxy_ip in no_proxy:
+                if is_valid_cidr(proxy_ip):
+                    if address_in_network(parsed.hostname, proxy_ip):
+                        return True
+                elif parsed.hostname == proxy_ip:
+                    # If no_proxy ip was defined in plain IP notation instead of cidr notation &
+                    # matches the IP of the index
+                    return True
+        else:
+            host_with_port = parsed.hostname
+            if parsed.port:
+                host_with_port += f":{parsed.port}"
+
+            for host in no_proxy:
+                if parsed.hostname.endswith(host) or host_with_port.endswith(host):
+                    # The URL does match something in no_proxy, so we don't want
+                    # to apply the proxies on this URL.
+                    return True
+
+    with set_environ("no_proxy", no_proxy_arg):
+        # parsed.hostname can be `None` in cases such as a file URI.
+        try:
+            bypass = proxy_bypass(parsed.hostname)
+        except (TypeError, socket.gaierror):
+            bypass = False
+
+    if bypass:
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=None):
+    """
+    Return a dict of environment proxies.
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    if should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return getproxies()
+
+
+def select_proxy(url, proxies):
+    """Select a proxy for the url, if applicable.
+
+    :param url: The url being for the request
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    """
+    proxies = proxies or {}
+    urlparts = urlparse(url)
+    if urlparts.hostname is None:
+        return proxies.get(urlparts.scheme, proxies.get("all"))
+
+    proxy_keys = [
+        urlparts.scheme + "://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        urlparts.scheme,
+        "all://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        "all",
+    ]
+    proxy = None
+    for proxy_key in proxy_keys:
+        if proxy_key in proxies:
+            proxy = proxies[proxy_key]
+            break
+
+    return proxy
+
+
+def resolve_proxies(request, proxies, trust_env=True):
+    """This method takes proxy information from a request and configuration
+    input to resolve a mapping of target proxies. This will consider settings
+    such as NO_PROXY to strip proxy configurations.
+
+    :param request: Request or PreparedRequest
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    :param trust_env: Boolean declaring whether to trust environment configs
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    proxies = proxies if proxies is not None else {}
+    url = request.url
+    scheme = urlparse(url).scheme
+    no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy")
+    new_proxies = proxies.copy()
+
+    if trust_env and not should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        environ_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+
+        proxy = environ_proxies.get(scheme, environ_proxies.get("all"))
+
+        if proxy:
+            new_proxies.setdefault(scheme, proxy)
+    return new_proxies
+
+
+def default_user_agent(name="python-requests"):
+    """
+    Return a string representing the default user agent.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    return f"{name}/{__version__}"
+
+
+def default_headers():
+    """
+    :rtype: requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict
+    """
+    return CaseInsensitiveDict(
+        {
+            "User-Agent": default_user_agent(),
+            "Accept-Encoding": DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+            "Accept": "*/*",
+            "Connection": "keep-alive",
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def parse_header_links(value):
+    """Return a list of parsed link headers proxies.
+
+    i.e. Link: <http:/.../front.jpeg>; rel=front; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>; rel=back;type="image/jpeg"
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+
+    links = []
+
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+
+        links.append(link)
+
+    return links
+
+
+# Null bytes; no need to recreate these on each call to guess_json_utf
+_null = "\x00".encode("ascii")  # encoding to ASCII for Python 3
+_null2 = _null * 2
+_null3 = _null * 3
+
+
+def guess_json_utf(data):
+    """
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    # JSON always starts with two ASCII characters, so detection is as
+    # easy as counting the nulls and from their location and count
+    # determine the encoding. Also detect a BOM, if present.
+    sample = data[:4]
+    if sample in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE):
+        return "utf-32"  # BOM included
+    if sample[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
+        return "utf-8-sig"  # BOM included, MS style (discouraged)
+    if sample[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+        return "utf-16"  # BOM included
+    nullcount = sample.count(_null)
+    if nullcount == 0:
+        return "utf-8"
+    if nullcount == 2:
+        if sample[::2] == _null2:  # 1st and 3rd are null
+            return "utf-16-be"
+        if sample[1::2] == _null2:  # 2nd and 4th are null
+            return "utf-16-le"
+        # Did not detect 2 valid UTF-16 ascii-range characters
+    if nullcount == 3:
+        if sample[:3] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-be"
+        if sample[1:] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-le"
+        # Did not detect a valid UTF-32 ascii-range character
+    return None
+
+
+def prepend_scheme_if_needed(url, new_scheme):
+    """Given a URL that may or may not have a scheme, prepend the given scheme.
+    Does not replace a present scheme with the one provided as an argument.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parsed = parse_url(url)
+    scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parsed
+
+    # A defect in urlparse determines that there isn't a netloc present in some
+    # urls. We previously assumed parsing was overly cautious, and swapped the
+    # netloc and path. Due to a lack of tests on the original defect, this is
+    # maintained with parse_url for backwards compatibility.
+    netloc = parsed.netloc
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    if auth:
+        # parse_url doesn't provide the netloc with auth
+        # so we'll add it ourselves.
+        netloc = "@".join([auth, netloc])
+    if scheme is None:
+        scheme = new_scheme
+    if path is None:
+        path = ""
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, "", query, fragment))
+
+
+def get_auth_from_url(url):
+    """Given a url with authentication components, extract them into a tuple of
+    username,password.
+
+    :rtype: (str,str)
+    """
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    try:
+        auth = (unquote(parsed.username), unquote(parsed.password))
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        auth = ("", "")
+
+    return auth
+
+
+def check_header_validity(header):
+    """Verifies that header parts don't contain leading whitespace
+    reserved characters, or return characters.
+
+    :param header: tuple, in the format (name, value).
+    """
+    name, value = header
+    _validate_header_part(header, name, 0)
+    _validate_header_part(header, value, 1)
+
+
+def _validate_header_part(header, header_part, header_validator_index):
+    if isinstance(header_part, str):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR[header_validator_index]
+    elif isinstance(header_part, bytes):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE[header_validator_index]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Header part ({header_part!r}) from {header} "
+            f"must be of type str or bytes, not {type(header_part)}"
+        )
+
+    if not validator.match(header_part):
+        header_kind = "name" if header_validator_index == 0 else "value"
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Invalid leading whitespace, reserved character(s), or return "
+            f"character(s) in header {header_kind}: {header_part!r}"
+        )
+
+
+def urldefragauth(url):
+    """
+    Given a url remove the fragment and the authentication part.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse(url)
+
+    # see func:`prepend_scheme_if_needed`
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, ""))
+
+
+def rewind_body(prepared_request):
+    """Move file pointer back to its recorded starting position
+    so it can be read again on redirect.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(prepared_request.body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(
+        prepared_request._body_position, integer_types
+    ):
+        try:
+            body_seek(prepared_request._body_position)
+        except OSError:
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect."
+            )
+    else:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError("Unable to rewind request body for redirect.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d92acc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "AbstractProvider",
+    "AbstractResolver",
+    "BaseReporter",
+    "InconsistentCandidate",
+    "Resolver",
+    "RequirementsConflicted",
+    "ResolutionError",
+    "ResolutionImpossible",
+    "ResolutionTooDeep",
+]
+
+__version__ = "1.0.1"
+
+
+from .providers import AbstractProvider, AbstractResolver
+from .reporters import BaseReporter
+from .resolvers import (
+    InconsistentCandidate,
+    RequirementsConflicted,
+    ResolutionError,
+    ResolutionImpossible,
+    ResolutionTooDeep,
+    Resolver,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/__pycache__/collections_abc.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/__pycache__/collections_abc.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/collections_abc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/collections_abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1becc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/collections_abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+__all__ = ["Mapping", "Sequence"]
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, Sequence
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e99d87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+class AbstractProvider(object):
+    """Delegate class to provide the required interface for the resolver."""
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate):
+        """Given a requirement, return an identifier for it.
+
+        This is used to identify a requirement, e.g. whether two requirements
+        should have their specifier parts merged.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier,
+        resolutions,
+        candidates,
+        information,
+        backtrack_causes,
+    ):
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The preference is defined as "I think this requirement should be
+        resolved first". The lower the return value is, the more preferred
+        this group of arguments is.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches which should be returned.
+        :param resolutions: Mapping of candidates currently pinned by the
+            resolver. Each key is an identifier, and the value is a candidate.
+            The candidate may conflict with requirements from ``information``.
+        :param candidates: Mapping of each dependency's possible candidates.
+            Each value is an iterator of candidates.
+        :param information: Mapping of requirement information of each package.
+            Each value is an iterator of *requirement information*.
+        :param backtrack_causes: Sequence of requirement information that were
+            the requirements that caused the resolver to most recently backtrack.
+
+        A *requirement information* instance is a named tuple with two members:
+
+        * ``requirement`` specifies a requirement contributing to the current
+          list of candidates.
+        * ``parent`` specifies the candidate that provides (depended on) the
+          requirement, or ``None`` to indicate a root requirement.
+
+        The preference could depend on various issues, including (not
+        necessarily in this order):
+
+        * Is this package pinned in the current resolution result?
+        * How relaxed is the requirement? Stricter ones should probably be
+          worked on first? (I don't know, actually.)
+        * How many possibilities are there to satisfy this requirement? Those
+          with few left should likely be worked on first, I guess?
+        * Are there any known conflicts for this requirement? We should
+          probably work on those with the most known conflicts.
+
+        A sortable value should be returned (this will be used as the ``key``
+        parameter of the built-in sorting function). The smaller the value is,
+        the more preferred this requirement is (i.e. the sorting function
+        is called with ``reverse=False``).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def find_matches(self, identifier, requirements, incompatibilities):
+        """Find all possible candidates that satisfy the given constraints.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches of which should be returned.
+        :param requirements: A mapping of requirements that all returned
+            candidates must satisfy. Each key is an identifier, and the value
+            an iterator of requirements for that dependency.
+        :param incompatibilities: A mapping of known incompatibilities of
+            each dependency. Each key is an identifier, and the value an
+            iterator of incompatibilities known to the resolver. All
+            incompatibilities *must* be excluded from the return value.
+
+        This should try to get candidates based on the requirements' types.
+        For VCS, local, and archive requirements, the one-and-only match is
+        returned, and for a "named" requirement, the index(es) should be
+        consulted to find concrete candidates for this requirement.
+
+        The return value should produce candidates ordered by preference; the
+        most preferred candidate should come first. The return type may be one
+        of the following:
+
+        * A callable that returns an iterator that yields candidates.
+        * An collection of candidates.
+        * An iterable of candidates. This will be consumed immediately into a
+          list of candidates.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement, candidate):
+        """Whether the given requirement can be satisfied by a candidate.
+
+        The candidate is guaranteed to have been generated from the
+        requirement.
+
+        A boolean should be returned to indicate whether ``candidate`` is a
+        viable solution to the requirement.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate):
+        """Get dependencies of a candidate.
+
+        This should return a collection of requirements that `candidate`
+        specifies as its dependencies.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class AbstractResolver(object):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = Exception
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.reporter = reporter
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, **kwargs):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        This returns a representation of the final resolution state, with one
+        guarenteed attribute ``mapping`` that contains resolved candidates as
+        values. The keys are their respective identifiers.
+
+        :param requirements: A collection of constraints.
+        :param kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that subclasses may accept.
+
+        :raises: ``self.base_exception`` or its subclass.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688b5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+class BaseReporter(object):
+    """Delegate class to provider progress reporting for the resolver."""
+
+    def starting(self):
+        """Called before the resolution actually starts."""
+
+    def starting_round(self, index):
+        """Called before each round of resolution starts.
+
+        The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending_round(self, index, state):
+        """Called before each round of resolution ends.
+
+        This is NOT called if the resolution ends at this round. Use `ending`
+        if you want to report finalization. The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending(self, state):
+        """Called before the resolution ends successfully."""
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement, parent):
+        """Called when adding a new requirement into the resolve criteria.
+
+        :param requirement: The additional requirement to be applied to filter
+            the available candidaites.
+        :param parent: The candidate that requires ``requirement`` as a
+            dependency, or None if ``requirement`` is one of the root
+            requirements passed in from ``Resolver.resolve()``.
+        """
+
+    def resolving_conflicts(self, causes):
+        """Called when starting to attempt requirement conflict resolution.
+
+        :param causes: The information on the collision that caused the backtracking.
+        """
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion, candidate):
+        """Called when rejecting a candidate during backtracking."""
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate):
+        """Called when adding a candidate to the potential solution."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3d0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+import collections
+import itertools
+import operator
+
+from .providers import AbstractResolver
+from .structs import DirectedGraph, IteratorMapping, build_iter_view
+
+RequirementInformation = collections.namedtuple(
+    "RequirementInformation", ["requirement", "parent"]
+)
+
+
+class ResolverException(Exception):
+    """A base class for all exceptions raised by this module.
+
+    Exceptions derived by this class should all be handled in this module. Any
+    bubbling pass the resolver should be treated as a bug.
+    """
+
+
+class RequirementsConflicted(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, criterion):
+        super(RequirementsConflicted, self).__init__(criterion)
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Requirements conflict: {}".format(
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class InconsistentCandidate(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, candidate, criterion):
+        super(InconsistentCandidate, self).__init__(candidate, criterion)
+        self.candidate = candidate
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Provided candidate {!r} does not satisfy {}".format(
+            self.candidate,
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class Criterion(object):
+    """Representation of possible resolution results of a package.
+
+    This holds three attributes:
+
+    * `information` is a collection of `RequirementInformation` pairs.
+      Each pair is a requirement contributing to this criterion, and the
+      candidate that provides the requirement.
+    * `incompatibilities` is a collection of all known not-to-work candidates
+      to exclude from consideration.
+    * `candidates` is a collection containing all possible candidates deducted
+      from the union of contributing requirements and known incompatibilities.
+      It should never be empty, except when the criterion is an attribute of a
+      raised `RequirementsConflicted` (in which case it is always empty).
+
+    .. note::
+        This class is intended to be externally immutable. **Do not** mutate
+        any of its attribute containers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, candidates, information, incompatibilities):
+        self.candidates = candidates
+        self.information = information
+        self.incompatibilities = incompatibilities
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        requirements = ", ".join(
+            "({!r}, via={!r})".format(req, parent)
+            for req, parent in self.information
+        )
+        return "Criterion({})".format(requirements)
+
+    def iter_requirement(self):
+        return (i.requirement for i in self.information)
+
+    def iter_parent(self):
+        return (i.parent for i in self.information)
+
+
+class ResolutionError(ResolverException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ResolutionImpossible(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, causes):
+        super(ResolutionImpossible, self).__init__(causes)
+        # causes is a list of RequirementInformation objects
+        self.causes = causes
+
+
+class ResolutionTooDeep(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, round_count):
+        super(ResolutionTooDeep, self).__init__(round_count)
+        self.round_count = round_count
+
+
+# Resolution state in a round.
+State = collections.namedtuple("State", "mapping criteria backtrack_causes")
+
+
+class Resolution(object):
+    """Stateful resolution object.
+
+    This is designed as a one-off object that holds information to kick start
+    the resolution process, and holds the results afterwards.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self._p = provider
+        self._r = reporter
+        self._states = []
+
+    @property
+    def state(self):
+        try:
+            return self._states[-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise AttributeError("state")
+
+    def _push_new_state(self):
+        """Push a new state into history.
+
+        This new state will be used to hold resolution results of the next
+        coming round.
+        """
+        base = self._states[-1]
+        state = State(
+            mapping=base.mapping.copy(),
+            criteria=base.criteria.copy(),
+            backtrack_causes=base.backtrack_causes[:],
+        )
+        self._states.append(state)
+
+    def _add_to_criteria(self, criteria, requirement, parent):
+        self._r.adding_requirement(requirement=requirement, parent=parent)
+
+        identifier = self._p.identify(requirement_or_candidate=requirement)
+        criterion = criteria.get(identifier)
+        if criterion:
+            incompatibilities = list(criterion.incompatibilities)
+        else:
+            incompatibilities = []
+
+        matches = self._p.find_matches(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                {identifier: [requirement]},
+            ),
+            incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                {identifier: incompatibilities},
+            ),
+        )
+
+        if criterion:
+            information = list(criterion.information)
+            information.append(RequirementInformation(requirement, parent))
+        else:
+            information = [RequirementInformation(requirement, parent)]
+
+        criterion = Criterion(
+            candidates=build_iter_view(matches),
+            information=information,
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+        )
+        if not criterion.candidates:
+            raise RequirementsConflicted(criterion)
+        criteria[identifier] = criterion
+
+    def _remove_information_from_criteria(self, criteria, parents):
+        """Remove information from parents of criteria.
+
+        Concretely, removes all values from each criterion's ``information``
+        field that have one of ``parents`` as provider of the requirement.
+
+        :param criteria: The criteria to update.
+        :param parents: Identifiers for which to remove information from all criteria.
+        """
+        if not parents:
+            return
+        for key, criterion in criteria.items():
+            criteria[key] = Criterion(
+                criterion.candidates,
+                [
+                    information
+                    for information in criterion.information
+                    if (
+                        information.parent is None
+                        or self._p.identify(information.parent) not in parents
+                    )
+                ],
+                criterion.incompatibilities,
+            )
+
+    def _get_preference(self, name):
+        return self._p.get_preference(
+            identifier=name,
+            resolutions=self.state.mapping,
+            candidates=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("candidates"),
+            ),
+            information=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("information"),
+            ),
+            backtrack_causes=self.state.backtrack_causes,
+        )
+
+    def _is_current_pin_satisfying(self, name, criterion):
+        try:
+            current_pin = self.state.mapping[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        return all(
+            self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=current_pin)
+            for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+        )
+
+    def _get_updated_criteria(self, candidate):
+        criteria = self.state.criteria.copy()
+        for requirement in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate=candidate):
+            self._add_to_criteria(criteria, requirement, parent=candidate)
+        return criteria
+
+    def _attempt_to_pin_criterion(self, name):
+        criterion = self.state.criteria[name]
+
+        causes = []
+        for candidate in criterion.candidates:
+            try:
+                criteria = self._get_updated_criteria(candidate)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                self._r.rejecting_candidate(e.criterion, candidate)
+                causes.append(e.criterion)
+                continue
+
+            # Check the newly-pinned candidate actually works. This should
+            # always pass under normal circumstances, but in the case of a
+            # faulty provider, we will raise an error to notify the implementer
+            # to fix find_matches() and/or is_satisfied_by().
+            satisfied = all(
+                self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=candidate)
+                for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+            )
+            if not satisfied:
+                raise InconsistentCandidate(candidate, criterion)
+
+            self._r.pinning(candidate=candidate)
+            self.state.criteria.update(criteria)
+
+            # Put newly-pinned candidate at the end. This is essential because
+            # backtracking looks at this mapping to get the last pin.
+            self.state.mapping.pop(name, None)
+            self.state.mapping[name] = candidate
+
+            return []
+
+        # All candidates tried, nothing works. This criterion is a dead
+        # end, signal for backtracking.
+        return causes
+
+    def _backjump(self, causes):
+        """Perform backjumping.
+
+        When we enter here, the stack is like this::
+
+            [ state Z ]
+            [ state Y ]
+            [ state X ]
+            .... earlier states are irrelevant.
+
+        1. No pins worked for Z, so it does not have a pin.
+        2. We want to reset state Y to unpinned, and pin another candidate.
+        3. State X holds what state Y was before the pin, but does not
+           have the incompatibility information gathered in state Y.
+
+        Each iteration of the loop will:
+
+        1.  Identify Z. The incompatibility is not always caused by the latest
+            state. For example, given three requirements A, B and C, with
+            dependencies A1, B1 and C1, where A1 and B1 are incompatible: the
+            last state might be related to C, so we want to discard the
+            previous state.
+        2.  Discard Z.
+        3.  Discard Y but remember its incompatibility information gathered
+            previously, and the failure we're dealing with right now.
+        4.  Push a new state Y' based on X, and apply the incompatibility
+            information from Y to Y'.
+        5a. If this causes Y' to conflict, we need to backtrack again. Make Y'
+            the new Z and go back to step 2.
+        5b. If the incompatibilities apply cleanly, end backtracking.
+        """
+        incompatible_reqs = itertools.chain(
+            (c.parent for c in causes if c.parent is not None),
+            (c.requirement for c in causes),
+        )
+        incompatible_deps = {self._p.identify(r) for r in incompatible_reqs}
+        while len(self._states) >= 3:
+            # Remove the state that triggered backtracking.
+            del self._states[-1]
+
+            # Ensure to backtrack to a state that caused the incompatibility
+            incompatible_state = False
+            while not incompatible_state:
+                # Retrieve the last candidate pin and known incompatibilities.
+                try:
+                    broken_state = self._states.pop()
+                    name, candidate = broken_state.mapping.popitem()
+                except (IndexError, KeyError):
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(causes)
+                current_dependencies = {
+                    self._p.identify(d)
+                    for d in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate)
+                }
+                incompatible_state = not current_dependencies.isdisjoint(
+                    incompatible_deps
+                )
+
+            incompatibilities_from_broken = [
+                (k, list(v.incompatibilities))
+                for k, v in broken_state.criteria.items()
+            ]
+
+            # Also mark the newly known incompatibility.
+            incompatibilities_from_broken.append((name, [candidate]))
+
+            # Create a new state from the last known-to-work one, and apply
+            # the previously gathered incompatibility information.
+            def _patch_criteria():
+                for k, incompatibilities in incompatibilities_from_broken:
+                    if not incompatibilities:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        criterion = self.state.criteria[k]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        continue
+                    matches = self._p.find_matches(
+                        identifier=k,
+                        requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                        ),
+                        incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                            {k: incompatibilities},
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    candidates = build_iter_view(matches)
+                    if not candidates:
+                        return False
+                    incompatibilities.extend(criterion.incompatibilities)
+                    self.state.criteria[k] = Criterion(
+                        candidates=candidates,
+                        information=list(criterion.information),
+                        incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+                    )
+                return True
+
+            self._push_new_state()
+            success = _patch_criteria()
+
+            # It works! Let's work on this new state.
+            if success:
+                return True
+
+            # State does not work after applying known incompatibilities.
+            # Try the still previous state.
+
+        # No way to backtrack anymore.
+        return False
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds):
+        if self._states:
+            raise RuntimeError("already resolved")
+
+        self._r.starting()
+
+        # Initialize the root state.
+        self._states = [
+            State(
+                mapping=collections.OrderedDict(),
+                criteria={},
+                backtrack_causes=[],
+            )
+        ]
+        for r in requirements:
+            try:
+                self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                raise ResolutionImpossible(e.criterion.information)
+
+        # The root state is saved as a sentinel so the first ever pin can have
+        # something to backtrack to if it fails. The root state is basically
+        # pinning the virtual "root" package in the graph.
+        self._push_new_state()
+
+        for round_index in range(max_rounds):
+            self._r.starting_round(index=round_index)
+
+            unsatisfied_names = [
+                key
+                for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                if not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+            ]
+
+            # All criteria are accounted for. Nothing more to pin, we are done!
+            if not unsatisfied_names:
+                self._r.ending(state=self.state)
+                return self.state
+
+            # keep track of satisfied names to calculate diff after pinning
+            satisfied_names = set(self.state.criteria.keys()) - set(
+                unsatisfied_names
+            )
+
+            # Choose the most preferred unpinned criterion to try.
+            name = min(unsatisfied_names, key=self._get_preference)
+            failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
+
+            if failure_causes:
+                causes = [i for c in failure_causes for i in c.information]
+                # Backjump if pinning fails. The backjump process puts us in
+                # an unpinned state, so we can work on it in the next round.
+                self._r.resolving_conflicts(causes=causes)
+                success = self._backjump(causes)
+                self.state.backtrack_causes[:] = causes
+
+                # Dead ends everywhere. Give up.
+                if not success:
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(self.state.backtrack_causes)
+            else:
+                # discard as information sources any invalidated names
+                # (unsatisfied names that were previously satisfied)
+                newly_unsatisfied_names = {
+                    key
+                    for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                    if key in satisfied_names
+                    and not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+                }
+                self._remove_information_from_criteria(
+                    self.state.criteria, newly_unsatisfied_names
+                )
+                # Pinning was successful. Push a new state to do another pin.
+                self._push_new_state()
+
+            self._r.ending_round(index=round_index, state=self.state)
+
+        raise ResolutionTooDeep(max_rounds)
+
+
+def _has_route_to_root(criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+    if key in connected:
+        return True
+    if key not in criteria:
+        return False
+    for p in criteria[key].iter_parent():
+        try:
+            pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        if pkey in connected:
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+        if _has_route_to_root(criteria, pkey, all_keys, connected):
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+Result = collections.namedtuple("Result", "mapping graph criteria")
+
+
+def _build_result(state):
+    mapping = state.mapping
+    all_keys = {id(v): k for k, v in mapping.items()}
+    all_keys[id(None)] = None
+
+    graph = DirectedGraph()
+    graph.add(None)  # Sentinel as root dependencies' parent.
+
+    connected = {None}
+    for key, criterion in state.criteria.items():
+        if not _has_route_to_root(state.criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+            continue
+        if key not in graph:
+            graph.add(key)
+        for p in criterion.iter_parent():
+            try:
+                pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            if pkey not in graph:
+                graph.add(pkey)
+            graph.connect(pkey, key)
+
+    return Result(
+        mapping={k: v for k, v in mapping.items() if k in connected},
+        graph=graph,
+        criteria=state.criteria,
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(AbstractResolver):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = ResolverException
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds=100):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        The return value is a representation to the final resolution result. It
+        is a tuple subclass with three public members:
+
+        * `mapping`: A dict of resolved candidates. Each key is an identifier
+            of a requirement (as returned by the provider's `identify` method),
+            and the value is the resolved candidate.
+        * `graph`: A `DirectedGraph` instance representing the dependency tree.
+            The vertices are keys of `mapping`, and each edge represents *why*
+            a particular package is included. A special vertex `None` is
+            included to represent parents of user-supplied requirements.
+        * `criteria`: A dict of "criteria" that hold detailed information on
+            how edges in the graph are derived. Each key is an identifier of a
+            requirement, and the value is a `Criterion` instance.
+
+        The following exceptions may be raised if a resolution cannot be found:
+
+        * `ResolutionImpossible`: A resolution cannot be found for the given
+            combination of requirements. The `causes` attribute of the
+            exception is a list of (requirement, parent), giving the
+            requirements that could not be satisfied.
+        * `ResolutionTooDeep`: The dependency tree is too deeply nested and
+            the resolver gave up. This is usually caused by a circular
+            dependency, but you can try to resolve this by increasing the
+            `max_rounds` argument.
+        """
+        resolution = Resolution(self.provider, self.reporter)
+        state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
+        return _build_result(state)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..359a34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import itertools
+
+from .compat import collections_abc
+
+
+class DirectedGraph(object):
+    """A graph structure with directed edges."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._vertices = set()
+        self._forwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+        self._backwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._vertices)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._vertices)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._vertices
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a shallow copy of this graph."""
+        other = DirectedGraph()
+        other._vertices = set(self._vertices)
+        other._forwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._forwards.items()}
+        other._backwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._backwards.items()}
+        return other
+
+    def add(self, key):
+        """Add a new vertex to the graph."""
+        if key in self._vertices:
+            raise ValueError("vertex exists")
+        self._vertices.add(key)
+        self._forwards[key] = set()
+        self._backwards[key] = set()
+
+    def remove(self, key):
+        """Remove a vertex from the graph, disconnecting all edges from/to it."""
+        self._vertices.remove(key)
+        for f in self._forwards.pop(key):
+            self._backwards[f].remove(key)
+        for t in self._backwards.pop(key):
+            self._forwards[t].remove(key)
+
+    def connected(self, f, t):
+        return f in self._backwards[t] and t in self._forwards[f]
+
+    def connect(self, f, t):
+        """Connect two existing vertices.
+
+        Nothing happens if the vertices are already connected.
+        """
+        if t not in self._vertices:
+            raise KeyError(t)
+        self._forwards[f].add(t)
+        self._backwards[t].add(f)
+
+    def iter_edges(self):
+        for f, children in self._forwards.items():
+            for t in children:
+                yield f, t
+
+    def iter_children(self, key):
+        return iter(self._forwards[key])
+
+    def iter_parents(self, key):
+        return iter(self._backwards[key])
+
+
+class IteratorMapping(collections_abc.Mapping):
+    def __init__(self, mapping, accessor, appends=None):
+        self._mapping = mapping
+        self._accessor = accessor
+        self._appends = appends or {}
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IteratorMapping({!r}, {!r}, {!r})".format(
+            self._mapping,
+            self._accessor,
+            self._appends,
+        )
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._mapping or self._appends)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._mapping or key in self._appends
+
+    def __getitem__(self, k):
+        try:
+            v = self._mapping[k]
+        except KeyError:
+            return iter(self._appends[k])
+        return itertools.chain(self._accessor(v), self._appends.get(k, ()))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        more = (k for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return itertools.chain(self._mapping, more)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        more = sum(1 for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return len(self._mapping) + more
+
+
+class _FactoryIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterator factory returned by `find_matches()`.
+
+    Calling `iter()` on this class would invoke the underlying iterator
+    factory, making it a "collection with ordering" that can be iterated
+    through multiple times, but lacks random access methods presented in
+    built-in Python sequence types.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, factory):
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._iterable = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, list(self))
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        try:
+            next(iter(self))
+        except StopIteration:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        iterable = (
+            self._factory() if self._iterable is None else self._iterable
+        )
+        self._iterable, current = itertools.tee(iterable)
+        return current
+
+
+class _SequenceIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterable returned by find_matches().
+
+    This is essentially just a proxy to the underlying sequence that provides
+    the same interface as `_FactoryIterableView`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sequence):
+        self._sequence = sequence
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, self._sequence)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._sequence)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._sequence)
+
+
+def build_iter_view(matches):
+    """Build an iterable view from the value returned by `find_matches()`."""
+    if callable(matches):
+        return _FactoryIterableView(matches)
+    if not isinstance(matches, collections_abc.Sequence):
+        matches = list(matches)
+    return _SequenceIterableView(matches)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal."""
+
+import os
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from ._extension import load_ipython_extension  # noqa: F401
+
+__all__ = ["get_console", "reconfigure", "print", "inspect", "print_json"]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+# Global console used by alternative print
+_console: Optional["Console"] = None
+
+try:
+    _IMPORT_CWD = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
+except FileNotFoundError:
+    # Can happen if the cwd has been deleted
+    _IMPORT_CWD = ""
+
+
+def get_console() -> "Console":
+    """Get a global :class:`~rich.console.Console` instance. This function is used when Rich requires a Console,
+    and hasn't been explicitly given one.
+
+    Returns:
+        Console: A console instance.
+    """
+    global _console
+    if _console is None:
+        from .console import Console
+
+        _console = Console()
+
+    return _console
+
+
+def reconfigure(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Reconfigures the global console by replacing it with another.
+
+    Args:
+        *args (Any): Positional arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+        **kwargs (Any): Keyword arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    new_console = Console(*args, **kwargs)
+    _console = get_console()
+    _console.__dict__ = new_console.__dict__
+
+
+def print(
+    *objects: Any,
+    sep: str = " ",
+    end: str = "\n",
+    file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    flush: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    r"""Print object(s) supplied via positional arguments.
+    This function has an identical signature to the built-in print.
+    For more advanced features, see the :class:`~rich.console.Console` class.
+
+    Args:
+        sep (str, optional): Separator between printed objects. Defaults to " ".
+        end (str, optional): Character to write at end of output. Defaults to "\\n".
+        file (IO[str], optional): File to write to, or None for stdout. Defaults to None.
+        flush (bool, optional): Has no effect as Rich always flushes output. Defaults to False.
+
+    """
+    from .console import Console
+
+    write_console = get_console() if file is None else Console(file=file)
+    return write_console.print(*objects, sep=sep, end=end)
+
+
+def print_json(
+    json: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    data: Any = None,
+    indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+    highlight: bool = True,
+    skip_keys: bool = False,
+    ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+    check_circular: bool = True,
+    allow_nan: bool = True,
+    default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): A string containing JSON.
+        data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+        indent (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    get_console().print_json(
+        json,
+        data=data,
+        indent=indent,
+        highlight=highlight,
+        skip_keys=skip_keys,
+        ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+        check_circular=check_circular,
+        allow_nan=allow_nan,
+        default=default,
+        sort_keys=sort_keys,
+    )
+
+
+def inspect(
+    obj: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    help: bool = False,
+    methods: bool = False,
+    docs: bool = True,
+    private: bool = False,
+    dunder: bool = False,
+    sort: bool = True,
+    all: bool = False,
+    value: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    """Inspect any Python object.
+
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>) to see summarized info.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, methods=True) to see methods.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, help=True) to see full (non-abbreviated) help.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, private=True) to see private attributes (single underscore).
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, dunder=True) to see attributes beginning with double underscore.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, all=True) to see all attributes.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value. Defaults to True.
+    """
+    _console = console or get_console()
+    from pip._vendor.rich._inspect import Inspect
+
+    # Special case for inspect(inspect)
+    is_inspect = obj is inspect
+
+    _inspect = Inspect(
+        obj,
+        title=title,
+        help=is_inspect or help,
+        methods=is_inspect or methods,
+        docs=is_inspect or docs,
+        private=private,
+        dunder=dunder,
+        sort=sort,
+        all=all,
+        value=value,
+    )
+    _console.print(_inspect)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    print("Hello, **World**")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efb7fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+import colorsys
+import io
+from time import process_time
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import box
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, Group, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+from pip._vendor.rich.measure import Measurement
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+
+class ColorBox:
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        for y in range(0, 5):
+            for x in range(options.max_width):
+                h = x / options.max_width
+                l = 0.1 + ((y / 5) * 0.7)
+                r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + 0.7 / 10, 1.0)
+                bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+            yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, options.max_width)
+
+
+def make_test_card() -> Table:
+    """Get a renderable that demonstrates a number of features."""
+    table = Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.title = "Rich features"
+    table.add_column("Feature", no_wrap=True, justify="center", style="bold red")
+    table.add_column("Demonstration")
+
+    color_table = Table(
+        box=None,
+        expand=False,
+        show_header=False,
+        show_edge=False,
+        pad_edge=False,
+    )
+    color_table.add_row(
+        (
+            "✓ [bold green]4-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold blue]8-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold magenta]Truecolor (16.7 million)[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold yellow]Dumb terminals[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold cyan]Automatic color conversion"
+        ),
+        ColorBox(),
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Colors", color_table)
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Styles",
+        "All ansi styles: [bold]bold[/], [dim]dim[/], [italic]italic[/italic], [underline]underline[/], [strike]strikethrough[/], [reverse]reverse[/], and even [blink]blink[/].",
+    )
+
+    lorem = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque in metus sed sapien ultricies pretium a at justo. Maecenas luctus velit et auctor maximus."
+    lorem_table = Table.grid(padding=1, collapse_padding=True)
+    lorem_table.pad_edge = False
+    lorem_table.add_row(
+        Text(lorem, justify="left", style="green"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="center", style="yellow"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="right", style="blue"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="full", style="red"),
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "Text",
+        Group(
+            Text.from_markup(
+                """Word wrap text. Justify [green]left[/], [yellow]center[/], [blue]right[/] or [red]full[/].\n"""
+            ),
+            lorem_table,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def comparison(renderable1: RenderableType, renderable2: RenderableType) -> Table:
+        table = Table(show_header=False, pad_edge=False, box=None, expand=True)
+        table.add_column("1", ratio=1)
+        table.add_column("2", ratio=1)
+        table.add_row(renderable1, renderable2)
+        return table
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Asian\nlanguage\nsupport",
+        ":flag_for_china:  该库支持中文，日文和韩文文本！\n:flag_for_japan:  ライブラリは中国語、日本語、韓国語のテキストをサポートしています\n:flag_for_south_korea:  이 라이브러리는 중국어, 일본어 및 한국어 텍스트를 지원합니다",
+    )
+
+    markup_example = (
+        "[bold magenta]Rich[/] supports a simple [i]bbcode[/i]-like [b]markup[/b] for [yellow]color[/], [underline]style[/], and emoji! "
+        ":+1: :apple: :ant: :bear: :baguette_bread: :bus: "
+    )
+    table.add_row("Markup", markup_example)
+
+    example_table = Table(
+        show_edge=False,
+        show_header=True,
+        expand=False,
+        row_styles=["none", "dim"],
+        box=box.SIMPLE,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column("[green]Date", style="green", no_wrap=True)
+    example_table.add_column("[blue]Title", style="blue")
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[cyan]Production Budget",
+        style="cyan",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[magenta]Box Office",
+        style="magenta",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 20, 2019",
+        "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$375,126,118",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 25, 2018",
+        "[b]Solo[/]: A Star Wars Story",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$393,151,347",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 15, 2017",
+        "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",
+        "$262,000,000",
+        "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 19, 1999",
+        "Star Wars Ep. [b]I[/b]: [i]The phantom Menace",
+        "$115,000,000",
+        "$1,027,044,677",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Tables", example_table)
+
+    code = '''\
+def iter_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value'''
+
+    pretty_data = {
+        "foo": [
+            3.1427,
+            (
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+            ),
+        ],
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+    }
+    table.add_row(
+        "Syntax\nhighlighting\n&\npretty\nprinting",
+        comparison(
+            Syntax(code, "python3", line_numbers=True, indent_guides=True),
+            Pretty(pretty_data, indent_guides=True),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    markdown_example = """\
+# Markdown
+
+Supports much of the *markdown* __syntax__!
+
+- Headers
+- Basic formatting: **bold**, *italic*, `code`
+- Block quotes
+- Lists, and more...
+    """
+    table.add_row(
+        "Markdown", comparison("[cyan]" + markdown_example, Markdown(markdown_example))
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "+more!",
+        """Progress bars, columns, styled logging handler, tracebacks, etc...""",
+    )
+    return table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console(
+        file=io.StringIO(),
+        force_terminal=True,
+    )
+    test_card = make_test_card()
+
+    # Print once to warm cache
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    pre_cache_taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    console.file = io.StringIO()
+
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    c = Console(record=True)
+    c.print(test_card)
+
+    print(f"rendered in {pre_cache_taken}ms (cold cache)")
+    print(f"rendered in {taken}ms (warm cache)")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    sponsor_message = Table.grid(padding=1)
+    sponsor_message.add_column(style="green", justify="right")
+    sponsor_message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Textualize",
+        "[u blue link=https://github.com/textualize]https://github.com/textualize",
+    )
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Twitter",
+        "[u blue link=https://twitter.com/willmcgugan]https://twitter.com/willmcgugan",
+    )
+
+    intro_message = Text.from_markup(
+        """\
+We hope you enjoy using Rich!
+
+Rich is maintained with [red]:heart:[/] by [link=https://www.textualize.io]Textualize.io[/]
+
+- Will McGugan"""
+    )
+
+    message = Table.grid(padding=2)
+    message.add_column()
+    message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+    message.add_row(intro_message, sponsor_message)
+
+    console.print(
+        Panel.fit(
+            message,
+            box=box.ROUNDED,
+            padding=(1, 2),
+            title="[b red]Thanks for trying out Rich!",
+            border_style="bright_blue",
+        ),
+        justify="center",
+    )
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+    (128255, 128317, 2),
+    (128331, 128334, 2),
+    (128336, 128359, 2),
+    (128378, 128378, 2),
+    (128405, 128406, 2),
+    (128420, 128420, 2),
+    (128507, 128591, 2),
+    (128640, 128709, 2),
+    (128716, 128716, 2),
+    (128720, 128722, 2),
+    (128725, 128727, 2),
+    (128732, 128735, 2),
+    (128747, 128748, 2),
+    (128756, 128764, 2),
+    (128992, 129003, 2),
+    (129008, 129008, 2),
+    (129292, 129338, 2),
+    (129340, 129349, 2),
+    (129351, 129535, 2),
+    (129648, 129660, 2),
+    (129664, 129672, 2),
+    (129680, 129725, 2),
+    (129727, 129733, 2),
+    (129742, 129755, 2),
+    (129760, 129768, 2),
+    (129776, 129784, 2),
+    (131072, 196605, 2),
+    (196608, 262141, 2),
+    (917505, 917505, 0),
+    (917536, 917631, 0),
+    (917760, 917999, 0),
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f2877b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3610 @@
+EMOJI = {
+    "1st_place_medal": "🥇",
+    "2nd_place_medal": "🥈",
+    "3rd_place_medal": "🥉",
+    "ab_button_(blood_type)": "🆎",
+    "atm_sign": "🏧",
+    "a_button_(blood_type)": "🅰",
+    "afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "aquarius": "♒",
+    "argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "aries": "♈",
+    "armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "back_arrow": "🔙",
+    "b_button_(blood_type)": "🅱",
+    "bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "cl_button": "🆑",
+    "cool_button": "🆒",
+    "cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "cancer": "♋",
+    "cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "capricorn": "♑",
+    "caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "china": "🇨🇳",
+    "christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "christmas_tree": "🎄",
+    "clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "cocos_(keeling)_islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "congo_-_brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "congo_-_kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "czechia": "🇨🇿",
+    "côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "end_arrow": "🔚",
+    "ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "england": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0065\U000e006e\U000e0067\U000e007f",
+    "equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "free_button": "🆓",
+    "falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "france": "🇫🇷",
+    "french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "gemini": "♊",
+    "georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "guinea-bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "hong_kong_sar_china": "🇭🇰",
+    "hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "id_button": "🆔",
+    "iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "india": "🇮🇳",
+    "indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "japan": "🗾",
+    "japanese_acceptable_button": "🉑",
+    "japanese_application_button": "🈸",
+    "japanese_bargain_button": "🉐",
+    "japanese_castle": "🏯",
+    "japanese_congratulations_button": "㊗",
+    "japanese_discount_button": "🈹",
+    "japanese_dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_free_of_charge_button": "🈚",
+    "japanese_here_button": "🈁",
+    "japanese_monthly_amount_button": "🈷",
+    "japanese_no_vacancy_button": "🈵",
+    "japanese_not_free_of_charge_button": "🈶",
+    "japanese_open_for_business_button": "🈺",
+    "japanese_passing_grade_button": "🈴",
+    "japanese_post_office": "🏣",
+    "japanese_prohibited_button": "🈲",
+    "japanese_reserved_button": "🈯",
+    "japanese_secret_button": "㊙",
+    "japanese_service_charge_button": "🈂",
+    "japanese_symbol_for_beginner": "🔰",
+    "japanese_vacancy_button": "🈳",
+    "jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "leo": "♌",
+    "lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "libra": "♎",
+    "libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "macau_sar_china": "🇲🇴",
+    "macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "mrs._claus": "🤶",
+    "mrs._claus_dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏿",
+    "mrs._claus_light_skin_tone": "🤶🏻",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏾",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤶🏼",
+    "mrs._claus_medium_skin_tone": "🤶🏽",
+    "myanmar_(burma)": "🇲🇲",
+    "new_button": "🆕",
+    "ng_button": "🆖",
+    "namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "ok_button": "🆗",
+    "ok_hand": "👌",
+    "ok_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👌🏿",
+    "ok_hand_light_skin_tone": "👌🏻",
+    "ok_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👌🏾",
+    "ok_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👌🏼",
+    "ok_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👌🏽",
+    "on!_arrow": "🔛",
+    "o_button_(blood_type)": "🅾",
+    "oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "ophiuchus": "⛎",
+    "p_button": "🅿",
+    "pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "pisces": "♓",
+    "pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "soon_arrow": "🔜",
+    "sos_button": "🆘",
+    "sagittarius": "♐",
+    "samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "santa_claus": "🎅",
+    "santa_claus_dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏿",
+    "santa_claus_light_skin_tone": "🎅🏻",
+    "santa_claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏾",
+    "santa_claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🎅🏼",
+    "santa_claus_medium_skin_tone": "🎅🏽",
+    "saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "scorpio": "♏",
+    "scotland": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0073\U000e0063\U000e0074\U000e007f",
+    "senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "statue_of_liberty": "🗽",
+    "sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "t-rex": "🦖",
+    "top_arrow": "🔝",
+    "taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "taurus": "♉",
+    "thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "timor-leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "tokyo_tower": "🗼",
+    "tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "turkey": "🦃",
+    "turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "up!_button": "🆙",
+    "uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "united_nations": "🇺🇳",
+    "united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "vs_button": "🆚",
+    "vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "virgo": "♍",
+    "wales": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0077\U000e006c\U000e0073\U000e007f",
+    "wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "abacus": "🧮",
+    "adhesive_bandage": "🩹",
+    "admission_tickets": "🎟",
+    "adult": "🧑",
+    "adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏿",
+    "adult_light_skin_tone": "🧑🏻",
+    "adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏾",
+    "adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧑🏼",
+    "adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧑🏽",
+    "aerial_tramway": "🚡",
+    "airplane": "✈",
+    "airplane_arrival": "🛬",
+    "airplane_departure": "🛫",
+    "alarm_clock": "⏰",
+    "alembic": "⚗",
+    "alien": "👽",
+    "alien_monster": "👾",
+    "ambulance": "🚑",
+    "american_football": "🏈",
+    "amphora": "🏺",
+    "anchor": "⚓",
+    "anger_symbol": "💢",
+    "angry_face": "😠",
+    "angry_face_with_horns": "👿",
+    "anguished_face": "😧",
+    "ant": "🐜",
+    "antenna_bars": "📶",
+    "anxious_face_with_sweat": "😰",
+    "articulated_lorry": "🚛",
+    "artist_palette": "🎨",
+    "astonished_face": "😲",
+    "atom_symbol": "⚛",
+    "auto_rickshaw": "🛺",
+    "automobile": "🚗",
+    "avocado": "🥑",
+    "axe": "🪓",
+    "baby": "👶",
+    "baby_angel": "👼",
+    "baby_angel_dark_skin_tone": "👼🏿",
+    "baby_angel_light_skin_tone": "👼🏻",
+    "baby_angel_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👼🏾",
+    "baby_angel_medium-light_skin_tone": "👼🏼",
+    "baby_angel_medium_skin_tone": "👼🏽",
+    "baby_bottle": "🍼",
+    "baby_chick": "🐤",
+    "baby_dark_skin_tone": "👶🏿",
+    "baby_light_skin_tone": "👶🏻",
+    "baby_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👶🏾",
+    "baby_medium-light_skin_tone": "👶🏼",
+    "baby_medium_skin_tone": "👶🏽",
+    "baby_symbol": "🚼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down": "👇",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_dark_skin_tone": "👇🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_light_skin_tone": "👇🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👇🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👇🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium_skin_tone": "👇🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left": "👈",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_dark_skin_tone": "👈🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_light_skin_tone": "👈🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👈🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-light_skin_tone": "👈🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium_skin_tone": "👈🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right": "👉",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_dark_skin_tone": "👉🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_light_skin_tone": "👉🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👉🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-light_skin_tone": "👉🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium_skin_tone": "👉🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up": "👆",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "👆🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "👆🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👆🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👆🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "👆🏽",
+    "bacon": "🥓",
+    "badger": "🦡",
+    "badminton": "🏸",
+    "bagel": "🥯",
+    "baggage_claim": "🛄",
+    "baguette_bread": "🥖",
+    "balance_scale": "⚖",
+    "bald": "🦲",
+    "bald_man": "👨\u200d🦲",
+    "bald_woman": "👩\u200d🦲",
+    "ballet_shoes": "🩰",
+    "balloon": "🎈",
+    "ballot_box_with_ballot": "🗳",
+    "ballot_box_with_check": "☑",
+    "banana": "🍌",
+    "banjo": "🪕",
+    "bank": "🏦",
+    "bar_chart": "📊",
+    "barber_pole": "💈",
+    "baseball": "⚾",
+    "basket": "🧺",
+    "basketball": "🏀",
+    "bat": "🦇",
+    "bathtub": "🛁",
+    "battery": "🔋",
+    "beach_with_umbrella": "🏖",
+    "beaming_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😁",
+    "bear_face": "🐻",
+    "bearded_person": "🧔",
+    "bearded_person_dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏿",
+    "bearded_person_light_skin_tone": "🧔🏻",
+    "bearded_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏾",
+    "bearded_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧔🏼",
+    "bearded_person_medium_skin_tone": "🧔🏽",
+    "beating_heart": "💓",
+    "bed": "🛏",
+    "beer_mug": "🍺",
+    "bell": "🔔",
+    "bell_with_slash": "🔕",
+    "bellhop_bell": "🛎",
+    "bento_box": "🍱",
+    "beverage_box": "🧃",
+    "bicycle": "🚲",
+    "bikini": "👙",
+    "billed_cap": "🧢",
+    "biohazard": "☣",
+    "bird": "🐦",
+    "birthday_cake": "🎂",
+    "black_circle": "⚫",
+    "black_flag": "🏴",
+    "black_heart": "🖤",
+    "black_large_square": "⬛",
+    "black_medium-small_square": "◾",
+    "black_medium_square": "◼",
+    "black_nib": "✒",
+    "black_small_square": "▪",
+    "black_square_button": "🔲",
+    "blond-haired_man": "👱\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_person": "👱",
+    "blond-haired_person_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿",
+    "blond-haired_person_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽",
+    "blond-haired_woman": "👱\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "blossom": "🌼",
+    "blowfish": "🐡",
+    "blue_book": "📘",
+    "blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "blue_heart": "💙",
+    "blue_square": "🟦",
+    "boar": "🐗",
+    "bomb": "💣",
+    "bone": "🦴",
+    "bookmark": "🔖",
+    "bookmark_tabs": "📑",
+    "books": "📚",
+    "bottle_with_popping_cork": "🍾",
+    "bouquet": "💐",
+    "bow_and_arrow": "🏹",
+    "bowl_with_spoon": "🥣",
+    "bowling": "🎳",
+    "boxing_glove": "🥊",
+    "boy": "👦",
+    "boy_dark_skin_tone": "👦🏿",
+    "boy_light_skin_tone": "👦🏻",
+    "boy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👦🏾",
+    "boy_medium-light_skin_tone": "👦🏼",
+    "boy_medium_skin_tone": "👦🏽",
+    "brain": "🧠",
+    "bread": "🍞",
+    "breast-feeding": "🤱",
+    "breast-feeding_dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏿",
+    "breast-feeding_light_skin_tone": "🤱🏻",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏾",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤱🏼",
+    "breast-feeding_medium_skin_tone": "🤱🏽",
+    "brick": "🧱",
+    "bride_with_veil": "👰",
+    "bride_with_veil_dark_skin_tone": "👰🏿",
+    "bride_with_veil_light_skin_tone": "👰🏻",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👰🏾",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-light_skin_tone": "👰🏼",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium_skin_tone": "👰🏽",
+    "bridge_at_night": "🌉",
+    "briefcase": "💼",
+    "briefs": "🩲",
+    "bright_button": "🔆",
+    "broccoli": "🥦",
+    "broken_heart": "💔",
+    "broom": "🧹",
+    "brown_circle": "🟤",
+    "brown_heart": "🤎",
+    "brown_square": "🟫",
+    "bug": "🐛",
+    "building_construction": "🏗",
+    "bullet_train": "🚅",
+    "burrito": "🌯",
+    "bus": "🚌",
+    "bus_stop": "🚏",
+    "bust_in_silhouette": "👤",
+    "busts_in_silhouette": "👥",
+    "butter": "🧈",
+    "butterfly": "🦋",
+    "cactus": "🌵",
+    "calendar": "📆",
+    "call_me_hand": "🤙",
+    "call_me_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏿",
+    "call_me_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤙🏻",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏾",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤙🏼",
+    "call_me_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤙🏽",
+    "camel": "🐫",
+    "camera": "📷",
+    "camera_with_flash": "📸",
+    "camping": "🏕",
+    "candle": "🕯",
+    "candy": "🍬",
+    "canned_food": "🥫",
+    "canoe": "🛶",
+    "card_file_box": "🗃",
+    "card_index": "📇",
+    "card_index_dividers": "🗂",
+    "carousel_horse": "🎠",
+    "carp_streamer": "🎏",
+    "carrot": "🥕",
+    "castle": "🏰",
+    "cat": "🐱",
+    "cat_face": "🐱",
+    "cat_face_with_tears_of_joy": "😹",
+    "cat_face_with_wry_smile": "😼",
+    "chains": "⛓",
+    "chair": "🪑",
+    "chart_decreasing": "📉",
+    "chart_increasing": "📈",
+    "chart_increasing_with_yen": "💹",
+    "cheese_wedge": "🧀",
+    "chequered_flag": "🏁",
+    "cherries": "🍒",
+    "cherry_blossom": "🌸",
+    "chess_pawn": "♟",
+    "chestnut": "🌰",
+    "chicken": "🐔",
+    "child": "🧒",
+    "child_dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏿",
+    "child_light_skin_tone": "🧒🏻",
+    "child_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏾",
+    "child_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧒🏼",
+    "child_medium_skin_tone": "🧒🏽",
+    "children_crossing": "🚸",
+    "chipmunk": "🐿",
+    "chocolate_bar": "🍫",
+    "chopsticks": "🥢",
+    "church": "⛪",
+    "cigarette": "🚬",
+    "cinema": "🎦",
+    "circled_m": "Ⓜ",
+    "circus_tent": "🎪",
+    "cityscape": "🏙",
+    "cityscape_at_dusk": "🌆",
+    "clamp": "🗜",
+    "clapper_board": "🎬",
+    "clapping_hands": "👏",
+    "clapping_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👏🏿",
+    "clapping_hands_light_skin_tone": "👏🏻",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👏🏾",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👏🏼",
+    "clapping_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👏🏽",
+    "classical_building": "🏛",
+    "clinking_beer_mugs": "🍻",
+    "clinking_glasses": "🥂",
+    "clipboard": "📋",
+    "clockwise_vertical_arrows": "🔃",
+    "closed_book": "📕",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📪",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📫",
+    "closed_umbrella": "🌂",
+    "cloud": "☁",
+    "cloud_with_lightning": "🌩",
+    "cloud_with_lightning_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "cloud_with_rain": "🌧",
+    "cloud_with_snow": "🌨",
+    "clown_face": "🤡",
+    "club_suit": "♣",
+    "clutch_bag": "👝",
+    "coat": "🧥",
+    "cocktail_glass": "🍸",
+    "coconut": "🥥",
+    "coffin": "⚰",
+    "cold_face": "🥶",
+    "collision": "💥",
+    "comet": "☄",
+    "compass": "🧭",
+    "computer_disk": "💽",
+    "computer_mouse": "🖱",
+    "confetti_ball": "🎊",
+    "confounded_face": "😖",
+    "confused_face": "😕",
+    "construction": "🚧",
+    "construction_worker": "👷",
+    "construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿",
+    "construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻",
+    "construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾",
+    "construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼",
+    "construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽",
+    "control_knobs": "🎛",
+    "convenience_store": "🏪",
+    "cooked_rice": "🍚",
+    "cookie": "🍪",
+    "cooking": "🍳",
+    "copyright": "©",
+    "couch_and_lamp": "🛋",
+    "counterclockwise_arrows_button": "🔄",
+    "couple_with_heart": "💑",
+    "couple_with_heart_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👩",
+    "cow": "🐮",
+    "cow_face": "🐮",
+    "cowboy_hat_face": "🤠",
+    "crab": "🦀",
+    "crayon": "🖍",
+    "credit_card": "💳",
+    "crescent_moon": "🌙",
+    "cricket": "🦗",
+    "cricket_game": "🏏",
+    "crocodile": "🐊",
+    "croissant": "🥐",
+    "cross_mark": "❌",
+    "cross_mark_button": "❎",
+    "crossed_fingers": "🤞",
+    "crossed_fingers_dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏿",
+    "crossed_fingers_light_skin_tone": "🤞🏻",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏾",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤞🏼",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium_skin_tone": "🤞🏽",
+    "crossed_flags": "🎌",
+    "crossed_swords": "⚔",
+    "crown": "👑",
+    "crying_cat_face": "😿",
+    "crying_face": "😢",
+    "crystal_ball": "🔮",
+    "cucumber": "🥒",
+    "cupcake": "🧁",
+    "cup_with_straw": "🥤",
+    "curling_stone": "🥌",
+    "curly_hair": "🦱",
+    "curly-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦱",
+    "curly-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦱",
+    "curly_loop": "➰",
+    "currency_exchange": "💱",
+    "curry_rice": "🍛",
+    "custard": "🍮",
+    "customs": "🛃",
+    "cut_of_meat": "🥩",
+    "cyclone": "🌀",
+    "dagger": "🗡",
+    "dango": "🍡",
+    "dashing_away": "💨",
+    "deaf_person": "🧏",
+    "deciduous_tree": "🌳",
+    "deer": "🦌",
+    "delivery_truck": "🚚",
+    "department_store": "🏬",
+    "derelict_house": "🏚",
+    "desert": "🏜",
+    "desert_island": "🏝",
+    "desktop_computer": "🖥",
+    "detective": "🕵",
+    "detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿",
+    "detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻",
+    "detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾",
+    "detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼",
+    "detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽",
+    "diamond_suit": "♦",
+    "diamond_with_a_dot": "💠",
+    "dim_button": "🔅",
+    "direct_hit": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_face": "😞",
+    "diving_mask": "🤿",
+    "diya_lamp": "🪔",
+    "dizzy": "💫",
+    "dizzy_face": "😵",
+    "dna": "🧬",
+    "dog": "🐶",
+    "dog_face": "🐶",
+    "dollar_banknote": "💵",
+    "dolphin": "🐬",
+    "door": "🚪",
+    "dotted_six-pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "double_curly_loop": "➿",
+    "double_exclamation_mark": "‼",
+    "doughnut": "🍩",
+    "dove": "🕊",
+    "down-left_arrow": "↙",
+    "down-right_arrow": "↘",
+    "down_arrow": "⬇",
+    "downcast_face_with_sweat": "😓",
+    "downwards_button": "🔽",
+    "dragon": "🐉",
+    "dragon_face": "🐲",
+    "dress": "👗",
+    "drooling_face": "🤤",
+    "drop_of_blood": "🩸",
+    "droplet": "💧",
+    "drum": "🥁",
+    "duck": "🦆",
+    "dumpling": "🥟",
+    "dvd": "📀",
+    "e-mail": "📧",
+    "eagle": "🦅",
+    "ear": "👂",
+    "ear_dark_skin_tone": "👂🏿",
+    "ear_light_skin_tone": "👂🏻",
+    "ear_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👂🏾",
+    "ear_medium-light_skin_tone": "👂🏼",
+    "ear_medium_skin_tone": "👂🏽",
+    "ear_of_corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_with_hearing_aid": "🦻",
+    "egg": "🍳",
+    "eggplant": "🍆",
+    "eight-pointed_star": "✴",
+    "eight-spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eight-thirty": "🕣",
+    "eight_o’clock": "🕗",
+    "eject_button": "⏏",
+    "electric_plug": "🔌",
+    "elephant": "🐘",
+    "eleven-thirty": "🕦",
+    "eleven_o’clock": "🕚",
+    "elf": "🧝",
+    "elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿",
+    "elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻",
+    "elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾",
+    "elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼",
+    "elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽",
+    "envelope": "✉",
+    "envelope_with_arrow": "📩",
+    "euro_banknote": "💶",
+    "evergreen_tree": "🌲",
+    "ewe": "🐑",
+    "exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "exclamation_question_mark": "⁉",
+    "exploding_head": "🤯",
+    "expressionless_face": "😑",
+    "eye": "👁",
+    "eye_in_speech_bubble": "👁️\u200d🗨️",
+    "eyes": "👀",
+    "face_blowing_a_kiss": "😘",
+    "face_savoring_food": "😋",
+    "face_screaming_in_fear": "😱",
+    "face_vomiting": "🤮",
+    "face_with_hand_over_mouth": "🤭",
+    "face_with_head-bandage": "🤕",
+    "face_with_medical_mask": "😷",
+    "face_with_monocle": "🧐",
+    "face_with_open_mouth": "😮",
+    "face_with_raised_eyebrow": "🤨",
+    "face_with_rolling_eyes": "🙄",
+    "face_with_steam_from_nose": "😤",
+    "face_with_symbols_on_mouth": "🤬",
+    "face_with_tears_of_joy": "😂",
+    "face_with_thermometer": "🤒",
+    "face_with_tongue": "😛",
+    "face_without_mouth": "😶",
+    "factory": "🏭",
+    "fairy": "🧚",
+    "fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿",
+    "fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻",
+    "fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾",
+    "fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼",
+    "fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽",
+    "falafel": "🧆",
+    "fallen_leaf": "🍂",
+    "family": "👪",
+    "family_man_boy": "👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl": "👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "fast-forward_button": "⏩",
+    "fast_down_button": "⏬",
+    "fast_reverse_button": "⏪",
+    "fast_up_button": "⏫",
+    "fax_machine": "📠",
+    "fearful_face": "😨",
+    "female_sign": "♀",
+    "ferris_wheel": "🎡",
+    "ferry": "⛴",
+    "field_hockey": "🏑",
+    "file_cabinet": "🗄",
+    "file_folder": "📁",
+    "film_frames": "🎞",
+    "film_projector": "📽",
+    "fire": "🔥",
+    "fire_extinguisher": "🧯",
+    "firecracker": "🧨",
+    "fire_engine": "🚒",
+    "fireworks": "🎆",
+    "first_quarter_moon": "🌓",
+    "first_quarter_moon_face": "🌛",
+    "fish": "🐟",
+    "fish_cake_with_swirl": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole": "🎣",
+    "five-thirty": "🕠",
+    "five_o’clock": "🕔",
+    "flag_in_hole": "⛳",
+    "flamingo": "🦩",
+    "flashlight": "🔦",
+    "flat_shoe": "🥿",
+    "fleur-de-lis": "⚜",
+    "flexed_biceps": "💪",
+    "flexed_biceps_dark_skin_tone": "💪🏿",
+    "flexed_biceps_light_skin_tone": "💪🏻",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💪🏾",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-light_skin_tone": "💪🏼",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium_skin_tone": "💪🏽",
+    "floppy_disk": "💾",
+    "flower_playing_cards": "🎴",
+    "flushed_face": "😳",
+    "flying_disc": "🥏",
+    "flying_saucer": "🛸",
+    "fog": "🌫",
+    "foggy": "🌁",
+    "folded_hands": "🙏",
+    "folded_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏿",
+    "folded_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙏🏻",
+    "folded_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏾",
+    "folded_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙏🏼",
+    "folded_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙏🏽",
+    "foot": "🦶",
+    "footprints": "👣",
+    "fork_and_knife": "🍴",
+    "fork_and_knife_with_plate": "🍽",
+    "fortune_cookie": "🥠",
+    "fountain": "⛲",
+    "fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "four-thirty": "🕟",
+    "four_leaf_clover": "🍀",
+    "four_o’clock": "🕓",
+    "fox_face": "🦊",
+    "framed_picture": "🖼",
+    "french_fries": "🍟",
+    "fried_shrimp": "🍤",
+    "frog_face": "🐸",
+    "front-facing_baby_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning_face": "☹",
+    "frowning_face_with_open_mouth": "😦",
+    "fuel_pump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon": "🌕",
+    "full_moon_face": "🌝",
+    "funeral_urn": "⚱",
+    "game_die": "🎲",
+    "garlic": "🧄",
+    "gear": "⚙",
+    "gem_stone": "💎",
+    "genie": "🧞",
+    "ghost": "👻",
+    "giraffe": "🦒",
+    "girl": "👧",
+    "girl_dark_skin_tone": "👧🏿",
+    "girl_light_skin_tone": "👧🏻",
+    "girl_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👧🏾",
+    "girl_medium-light_skin_tone": "👧🏼",
+    "girl_medium_skin_tone": "👧🏽",
+    "glass_of_milk": "🥛",
+    "glasses": "👓",
+    "globe_showing_americas": "🌎",
+    "globe_showing_asia-australia": "🌏",
+    "globe_showing_europe-africa": "🌍",
+    "globe_with_meridians": "🌐",
+    "gloves": "🧤",
+    "glowing_star": "🌟",
+    "goal_net": "🥅",
+    "goat": "🐐",
+    "goblin": "👺",
+    "goggles": "🥽",
+    "gorilla": "🦍",
+    "graduation_cap": "🎓",
+    "grapes": "🍇",
+    "green_apple": "🍏",
+    "green_book": "📗",
+    "green_circle": "🟢",
+    "green_heart": "💚",
+    "green_salad": "🥗",
+    "green_square": "🟩",
+    "grimacing_face": "😬",
+    "grinning_cat_face": "😺",
+    "grinning_cat_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😸",
+    "grinning_face": "😀",
+    "grinning_face_with_big_eyes": "😃",
+    "grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😄",
+    "grinning_face_with_sweat": "😅",
+    "grinning_squinting_face": "😆",
+    "growing_heart": "💗",
+    "guard": "💂",
+    "guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿",
+    "guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻",
+    "guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾",
+    "guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼",
+    "guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽",
+    "guide_dog": "🦮",
+    "guitar": "🎸",
+    "hamburger": "🍔",
+    "hammer": "🔨",
+    "hammer_and_pick": "⚒",
+    "hammer_and_wrench": "🛠",
+    "hamster_face": "🐹",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏿",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_light_skin_tone": "🖐🏻",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏾",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖐🏼",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium_skin_tone": "🖐🏽",
+    "handbag": "👜",
+    "handshake": "🤝",
+    "hatching_chick": "🐣",
+    "headphone": "🎧",
+    "hear-no-evil_monkey": "🙉",
+    "heart_decoration": "💟",
+    "heart_suit": "♥",
+    "heart_with_arrow": "💘",
+    "heart_with_ribbon": "💝",
+    "heavy_check_mark": "✔",
+    "heavy_division_sign": "➗",
+    "heavy_dollar_sign": "💲",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation": "❣",
+    "heavy_large_circle": "⭕",
+    "heavy_minus_sign": "➖",
+    "heavy_multiplication_x": "✖",
+    "heavy_plus_sign": "➕",
+    "hedgehog": "🦔",
+    "helicopter": "🚁",
+    "herb": "🌿",
+    "hibiscus": "🌺",
+    "high-heeled_shoe": "👠",
+    "high-speed_train": "🚄",
+    "high_voltage": "⚡",
+    "hiking_boot": "🥾",
+    "hindu_temple": "🛕",
+    "hippopotamus": "🦛",
+    "hole": "🕳",
+    "honey_pot": "🍯",
+    "honeybee": "🐝",
+    "horizontal_traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "horse": "🐴",
+    "horse_face": "🐴",
+    "horse_racing": "🏇",
+    "horse_racing_dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏿",
+    "horse_racing_light_skin_tone": "🏇🏻",
+    "horse_racing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏾",
+    "horse_racing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏇🏼",
+    "horse_racing_medium_skin_tone": "🏇🏽",
+    "hospital": "🏥",
+    "hot_beverage": "☕",
+    "hot_dog": "🌭",
+    "hot_face": "🥵",
+    "hot_pepper": "🌶",
+    "hot_springs": "♨",
+    "hotel": "🏨",
+    "hourglass_done": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_not_done": "⏳",
+    "house": "🏠",
+    "house_with_garden": "🏡",
+    "houses": "🏘",
+    "hugging_face": "🤗",
+    "hundred_points": "💯",
+    "hushed_face": "😯",
+    "ice": "🧊",
+    "ice_cream": "🍨",
+    "ice_hockey": "🏒",
+    "ice_skate": "⛸",
+    "inbox_tray": "📥",
+    "incoming_envelope": "📨",
+    "index_pointing_up": "☝",
+    "index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "☝🏿",
+    "index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "☝🏻",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "☝🏾",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "☝🏼",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "☝🏽",
+    "infinity": "♾",
+    "information": "ℹ",
+    "input_latin_letters": "🔤",
+    "input_latin_lowercase": "🔡",
+    "input_latin_uppercase": "🔠",
+    "input_numbers": "🔢",
+    "input_symbols": "🔣",
+    "jack-o-lantern": "🎃",
+    "jeans": "👖",
+    "jigsaw": "🧩",
+    "joker": "🃏",
+    "joystick": "🕹",
+    "kaaba": "🕋",
+    "kangaroo": "🦘",
+    "key": "🔑",
+    "keyboard": "⌨",
+    "keycap_#": "#️⃣",
+    "keycap_*": "*️⃣",
+    "keycap_0": "0️⃣",
+    "keycap_1": "1️⃣",
+    "keycap_10": "🔟",
+    "keycap_2": "2️⃣",
+    "keycap_3": "3️⃣",
+    "keycap_4": "4️⃣",
+    "keycap_5": "5️⃣",
+    "keycap_6": "6️⃣",
+    "keycap_7": "7️⃣",
+    "keycap_8": "8️⃣",
+    "keycap_9": "9️⃣",
+    "kick_scooter": "🛴",
+    "kimono": "👘",
+    "kiss": "💋",
+    "kiss_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_mark": "💋",
+    "kiss_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👩",
+    "kissing_cat_face": "😽",
+    "kissing_face": "😗",
+    "kissing_face_with_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "kitchen_knife": "🔪",
+    "kite": "🪁",
+    "kiwi_fruit": "🥝",
+    "koala": "🐨",
+    "lab_coat": "🥼",
+    "label": "🏷",
+    "lacrosse": "🥍",
+    "lady_beetle": "🐞",
+    "laptop_computer": "💻",
+    "large_blue_diamond": "🔷",
+    "large_orange_diamond": "🔶",
+    "last_quarter_moon": "🌗",
+    "last_quarter_moon_face": "🌜",
+    "last_track_button": "⏮",
+    "latin_cross": "✝",
+    "leaf_fluttering_in_wind": "🍃",
+    "leafy_green": "🥬",
+    "ledger": "📒",
+    "left-facing_fist": "🤛",
+    "left-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏿",
+    "left-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤛🏻",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏾",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤛🏼",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤛🏽",
+    "left-right_arrow": "↔",
+    "left_arrow": "⬅",
+    "left_arrow_curving_right": "↪",
+    "left_luggage": "🛅",
+    "left_speech_bubble": "🗨",
+    "leg": "🦵",
+    "lemon": "🍋",
+    "leopard": "🐆",
+    "level_slider": "🎚",
+    "light_bulb": "💡",
+    "light_rail": "🚈",
+    "link": "🔗",
+    "linked_paperclips": "🖇",
+    "lion_face": "🦁",
+    "lipstick": "💄",
+    "litter_in_bin_sign": "🚮",
+    "lizard": "🦎",
+    "llama": "🦙",
+    "lobster": "🦞",
+    "locked": "🔒",
+    "locked_with_key": "🔐",
+    "locked_with_pen": "🔏",
+    "locomotive": "🚂",
+    "lollipop": "🍭",
+    "lotion_bottle": "🧴",
+    "loudly_crying_face": "😭",
+    "loudspeaker": "📢",
+    "love-you_gesture": "🤟",
+    "love-you_gesture_dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏿",
+    "love-you_gesture_light_skin_tone": "🤟🏻",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏾",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤟🏼",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium_skin_tone": "🤟🏽",
+    "love_hotel": "🏩",
+    "love_letter": "💌",
+    "luggage": "🧳",
+    "lying_face": "🤥",
+    "mage": "🧙",
+    "mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿",
+    "mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻",
+    "mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾",
+    "mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼",
+    "mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽",
+    "magnet": "🧲",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_left": "🔍",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_right": "🔎",
+    "mahjong_red_dragon": "🀄",
+    "male_sign": "♂",
+    "man": "👨",
+    "man_and_woman_holding_hands": "👫",
+    "man_artist": "👨\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "man_astronaut": "👨\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "man_biking": "🚴\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing": "🙇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing": "🧗\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cook": "👨\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "man_dancing": "🕺",
+    "man_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏿",
+    "man_dancing_light_skin_tone": "🕺🏻",
+    "man_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏾",
+    "man_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕺🏼",
+    "man_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "🕺🏽",
+    "man_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿",
+    "man_detective": "🕵️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf": "🧝\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_factory_worker": "👨\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "man_fairy": "🧚\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_farmer": "👨\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "man_firefighter": "👨\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "man_frowning": "🙍\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_genie": "🧞\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard": "💂\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_health_worker": "👨\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_manual_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦽",
+    "man_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦼",
+    "man_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏿",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_light_skin_tone": "🕴🏻",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏾",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕴🏼",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium_skin_tone": "🕴🏽",
+    "man_in_tuxedo": "🤵",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏿",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_light_skin_tone": "🤵🏻",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏾",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤵🏼",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium_skin_tone": "🤵🏽",
+    "man_judge": "👨\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_juggling": "🤹\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻",
+    "man_mage": "🧙\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mechanic": "👨\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾",
+    "man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼",
+    "man_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽",
+    "man_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_office_worker": "👨\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💼",
+    "man_pilot": "👨\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "man_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer": "👮\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting": "🙎\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running": "🏃\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_scientist": "👨\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "man_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_singer": "👨\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "man_student": "👨\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "man_surfing": "🏄\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming": "🏊\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_teacher": "👨\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "man_technologist": "👨\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💻",
+    "man_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire": "🧛\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking": "🚶\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_with_probing_cane": "👨\u200d🦯",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap": "👲",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_dark_skin_tone": "👲🏿",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_light_skin_tone": "👲🏻",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👲🏾",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-light_skin_tone": "👲🏼",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium_skin_tone": "👲🏽",
+    "man_zombie": "🧟\u200d♂️",
+    "mango": "🥭",
+    "mantelpiece_clock": "🕰",
+    "manual_wheelchair": "🦽",
+    "man’s_shoe": "👞",
+    "map_of_japan": "🗾",
+    "maple_leaf": "🍁",
+    "martial_arts_uniform": "🥋",
+    "mate": "🧉",
+    "meat_on_bone": "🍖",
+    "mechanical_arm": "🦾",
+    "mechanical_leg": "🦿",
+    "medical_symbol": "⚕",
+    "megaphone": "📣",
+    "melon": "🍈",
+    "memo": "📝",
+    "men_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♂️",
+    "men_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♂️",
+    "menorah": "🕎",
+    "men’s_room": "🚹",
+    "mermaid": "🧜\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "merman": "🧜\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "merperson": "🧜",
+    "merperson_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿",
+    "merperson_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻",
+    "merperson_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾",
+    "merperson_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼",
+    "merperson_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽",
+    "metro": "🚇",
+    "microbe": "🦠",
+    "microphone": "🎤",
+    "microscope": "🔬",
+    "middle_finger": "🖕",
+    "middle_finger_dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏿",
+    "middle_finger_light_skin_tone": "🖕🏻",
+    "middle_finger_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏾",
+    "middle_finger_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖕🏼",
+    "middle_finger_medium_skin_tone": "🖕🏽",
+    "military_medal": "🎖",
+    "milky_way": "🌌",
+    "minibus": "🚐",
+    "moai": "🗿",
+    "mobile_phone": "📱",
+    "mobile_phone_off": "📴",
+    "mobile_phone_with_arrow": "📲",
+    "money-mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "money_bag": "💰",
+    "money_with_wings": "💸",
+    "monkey": "🐒",
+    "monkey_face": "🐵",
+    "monorail": "🚝",
+    "moon_cake": "🥮",
+    "moon_viewing_ceremony": "🎑",
+    "mosque": "🕌",
+    "mosquito": "🦟",
+    "motor_boat": "🛥",
+    "motor_scooter": "🛵",
+    "motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "motorized_wheelchair": "🦼",
+    "motorway": "🛣",
+    "mount_fuji": "🗻",
+    "mountain": "⛰",
+    "mountain_cableway": "🚠",
+    "mountain_railway": "🚞",
+    "mouse": "🐭",
+    "mouse_face": "🐭",
+    "mouth": "👄",
+    "movie_camera": "🎥",
+    "mushroom": "🍄",
+    "musical_keyboard": "🎹",
+    "musical_note": "🎵",
+    "musical_notes": "🎶",
+    "musical_score": "🎼",
+    "muted_speaker": "🔇",
+    "nail_polish": "💅",
+    "nail_polish_dark_skin_tone": "💅🏿",
+    "nail_polish_light_skin_tone": "💅🏻",
+    "nail_polish_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💅🏾",
+    "nail_polish_medium-light_skin_tone": "💅🏼",
+    "nail_polish_medium_skin_tone": "💅🏽",
+    "name_badge": "📛",
+    "national_park": "🏞",
+    "nauseated_face": "🤢",
+    "nazar_amulet": "🧿",
+    "necktie": "👔",
+    "nerd_face": "🤓",
+    "neutral_face": "😐",
+    "new_moon": "🌑",
+    "new_moon_face": "🌚",
+    "newspaper": "📰",
+    "next_track_button": "⏭",
+    "night_with_stars": "🌃",
+    "nine-thirty": "🕤",
+    "nine_o’clock": "🕘",
+    "no_bicycles": "🚳",
+    "no_entry": "⛔",
+    "no_littering": "🚯",
+    "no_mobile_phones": "📵",
+    "no_one_under_eighteen": "🔞",
+    "no_pedestrians": "🚷",
+    "no_smoking": "🚭",
+    "non-potable_water": "🚱",
+    "nose": "👃",
+    "nose_dark_skin_tone": "👃🏿",
+    "nose_light_skin_tone": "👃🏻",
+    "nose_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👃🏾",
+    "nose_medium-light_skin_tone": "👃🏼",
+    "nose_medium_skin_tone": "👃🏽",
+    "notebook": "📓",
+    "notebook_with_decorative_cover": "📔",
+    "nut_and_bolt": "🔩",
+    "octopus": "🐙",
+    "oden": "🍢",
+    "office_building": "🏢",
+    "ogre": "👹",
+    "oil_drum": "🛢",
+    "old_key": "🗝",
+    "old_man": "👴",
+    "old_man_dark_skin_tone": "👴🏿",
+    "old_man_light_skin_tone": "👴🏻",
+    "old_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👴🏾",
+    "old_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👴🏼",
+    "old_man_medium_skin_tone": "👴🏽",
+    "old_woman": "👵",
+    "old_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👵🏿",
+    "old_woman_light_skin_tone": "👵🏻",
+    "old_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👵🏾",
+    "old_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👵🏼",
+    "old_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👵🏽",
+    "older_adult": "🧓",
+    "older_adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏿",
+    "older_adult_light_skin_tone": "🧓🏻",
+    "older_adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏾",
+    "older_adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧓🏼",
+    "older_adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧓🏽",
+    "om": "🕉",
+    "oncoming_automobile": "🚘",
+    "oncoming_bus": "🚍",
+    "oncoming_fist": "👊",
+    "oncoming_fist_dark_skin_tone": "👊🏿",
+    "oncoming_fist_light_skin_tone": "👊🏻",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👊🏾",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👊🏼",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium_skin_tone": "👊🏽",
+    "oncoming_police_car": "🚔",
+    "oncoming_taxi": "🚖",
+    "one-piece_swimsuit": "🩱",
+    "one-thirty": "🕜",
+    "one_o’clock": "🕐",
+    "onion": "🧅",
+    "open_book": "📖",
+    "open_file_folder": "📂",
+    "open_hands": "👐",
+    "open_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👐🏿",
+    "open_hands_light_skin_tone": "👐🏻",
+    "open_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👐🏾",
+    "open_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👐🏼",
+    "open_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👐🏽",
+    "open_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📭",
+    "open_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📬",
+    "optical_disk": "💿",
+    "orange_book": "📙",
+    "orange_circle": "🟠",
+    "orange_heart": "🧡",
+    "orange_square": "🟧",
+    "orangutan": "🦧",
+    "orthodox_cross": "☦",
+    "otter": "🦦",
+    "outbox_tray": "📤",
+    "owl": "🦉",
+    "ox": "🐂",
+    "oyster": "🦪",
+    "package": "📦",
+    "page_facing_up": "📄",
+    "page_with_curl": "📃",
+    "pager": "📟",
+    "paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "palm_tree": "🌴",
+    "palms_up_together": "🤲",
+    "palms_up_together_dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏿",
+    "palms_up_together_light_skin_tone": "🤲🏻",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏾",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤲🏼",
+    "palms_up_together_medium_skin_tone": "🤲🏽",
+    "pancakes": "🥞",
+    "panda_face": "🐼",
+    "paperclip": "📎",
+    "parrot": "🦜",
+    "part_alternation_mark": "〽",
+    "party_popper": "🎉",
+    "partying_face": "🥳",
+    "passenger_ship": "🛳",
+    "passport_control": "🛂",
+    "pause_button": "⏸",
+    "paw_prints": "🐾",
+    "peace_symbol": "☮",
+    "peach": "🍑",
+    "peacock": "🦚",
+    "peanuts": "🥜",
+    "pear": "🍐",
+    "pen": "🖊",
+    "pencil": "📝",
+    "penguin": "🐧",
+    "pensive_face": "😔",
+    "people_holding_hands": "🧑\u200d🤝\u200d🧑",
+    "people_with_bunny_ears": "👯",
+    "people_wrestling": "🤼",
+    "performing_arts": "🎭",
+    "persevering_face": "😣",
+    "person_biking": "🚴",
+    "person_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿",
+    "person_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻",
+    "person_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾",
+    "person_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼",
+    "person_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽",
+    "person_bouncing_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽",
+    "person_bowing": "🙇",
+    "person_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿",
+    "person_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻",
+    "person_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾",
+    "person_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼",
+    "person_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽",
+    "person_cartwheeling": "🤸",
+    "person_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿",
+    "person_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽",
+    "person_climbing": "🧗",
+    "person_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿",
+    "person_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻",
+    "person_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾",
+    "person_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼",
+    "person_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽",
+    "person_facepalming": "🤦",
+    "person_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿",
+    "person_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼",
+    "person_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽",
+    "person_fencing": "🤺",
+    "person_frowning": "🙍",
+    "person_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿",
+    "person_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻",
+    "person_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾",
+    "person_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼",
+    "person_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_no": "🙅",
+    "person_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_ok": "🙆",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽",
+    "person_getting_haircut": "💇",
+    "person_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿",
+    "person_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽",
+    "person_getting_massage": "💆",
+    "person_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿",
+    "person_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽",
+    "person_golfing": "🏌",
+    "person_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿",
+    "person_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻",
+    "person_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾",
+    "person_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼",
+    "person_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽",
+    "person_in_bed": "🛌",
+    "person_in_bed_dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏿",
+    "person_in_bed_light_skin_tone": "🛌🏻",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏾",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛌🏼",
+    "person_in_bed_medium_skin_tone": "🛌🏽",
+    "person_in_lotus_position": "🧘",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽",
+    "person_in_steamy_room": "🧖",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽",
+    "person_juggling": "🤹",
+    "person_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿",
+    "person_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻",
+    "person_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾",
+    "person_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼",
+    "person_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽",
+    "person_kneeling": "🧎",
+    "person_lifting_weights": "🏋",
+    "person_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿",
+    "person_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽",
+    "person_mountain_biking": "🚵",
+    "person_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿",
+    "person_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽",
+    "person_playing_handball": "🤾",
+    "person_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿",
+    "person_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo": "🤽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽",
+    "person_pouting": "🙎",
+    "person_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿",
+    "person_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻",
+    "person_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾",
+    "person_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼",
+    "person_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽",
+    "person_raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "person_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿",
+    "person_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽",
+    "person_rowing_boat": "🚣",
+    "person_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿",
+    "person_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽",
+    "person_running": "🏃",
+    "person_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿",
+    "person_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻",
+    "person_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾",
+    "person_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼",
+    "person_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽",
+    "person_shrugging": "🤷",
+    "person_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿",
+    "person_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼",
+    "person_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽",
+    "person_standing": "🧍",
+    "person_surfing": "🏄",
+    "person_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿",
+    "person_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻",
+    "person_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾",
+    "person_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼",
+    "person_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽",
+    "person_swimming": "🏊",
+    "person_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿",
+    "person_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻",
+    "person_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾",
+    "person_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼",
+    "person_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽",
+    "person_taking_bath": "🛀",
+    "person_taking_bath_dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏿",
+    "person_taking_bath_light_skin_tone": "🛀🏻",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏾",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛀🏼",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium_skin_tone": "🛀🏽",
+    "person_tipping_hand": "💁",
+    "person_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿",
+    "person_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽",
+    "person_walking": "🚶",
+    "person_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿",
+    "person_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻",
+    "person_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾",
+    "person_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼",
+    "person_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽",
+    "person_wearing_turban": "👳",
+    "person_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿",
+    "person_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽",
+    "petri_dish": "🧫",
+    "pick": "⛏",
+    "pie": "🥧",
+    "pig": "🐷",
+    "pig_face": "🐷",
+    "pig_nose": "🐽",
+    "pile_of_poo": "💩",
+    "pill": "💊",
+    "pinching_hand": "🤏",
+    "pine_decoration": "🎍",
+    "pineapple": "🍍",
+    "ping_pong": "🏓",
+    "pirate_flag": "🏴\u200d☠️",
+    "pistol": "🔫",
+    "pizza": "🍕",
+    "place_of_worship": "🛐",
+    "play_button": "▶",
+    "play_or_pause_button": "⏯",
+    "pleading_face": "🥺",
+    "police_car": "🚓",
+    "police_car_light": "🚨",
+    "police_officer": "👮",
+    "police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿",
+    "police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻",
+    "police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾",
+    "police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼",
+    "police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽",
+    "poodle": "🐩",
+    "pool_8_ball": "🎱",
+    "popcorn": "🍿",
+    "post_office": "🏣",
+    "postal_horn": "📯",
+    "postbox": "📮",
+    "pot_of_food": "🍲",
+    "potable_water": "🚰",
+    "potato": "🥔",
+    "poultry_leg": "🍗",
+    "pound_banknote": "💷",
+    "pouting_cat_face": "😾",
+    "pouting_face": "😡",
+    "prayer_beads": "📿",
+    "pregnant_woman": "🤰",
+    "pregnant_woman_dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏿",
+    "pregnant_woman_light_skin_tone": "🤰🏻",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏾",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤰🏼",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium_skin_tone": "🤰🏽",
+    "pretzel": "🥨",
+    "probing_cane": "🦯",
+    "prince": "🤴",
+    "prince_dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏿",
+    "prince_light_skin_tone": "🤴🏻",
+    "prince_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏾",
+    "prince_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤴🏼",
+    "prince_medium_skin_tone": "🤴🏽",
+    "princess": "👸",
+    "princess_dark_skin_tone": "👸🏿",
+    "princess_light_skin_tone": "👸🏻",
+    "princess_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👸🏾",
+    "princess_medium-light_skin_tone": "👸🏼",
+    "princess_medium_skin_tone": "👸🏽",
+    "printer": "🖨",
+    "prohibited": "🚫",
+    "purple_circle": "🟣",
+    "purple_heart": "💜",
+    "purple_square": "🟪",
+    "purse": "👛",
+    "pushpin": "📌",
+    "question_mark": "❓",
+    "rabbit": "🐰",
+    "rabbit_face": "🐰",
+    "raccoon": "🦝",
+    "racing_car": "🏎",
+    "radio": "📻",
+    "radio_button": "🔘",
+    "radioactive": "☢",
+    "railway_car": "🚃",
+    "railway_track": "🛤",
+    "rainbow": "🌈",
+    "rainbow_flag": "🏳️\u200d🌈",
+    "raised_back_of_hand": "🤚",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏿",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤚🏻",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏾",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤚🏼",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤚🏽",
+    "raised_fist": "✊",
+    "raised_fist_dark_skin_tone": "✊🏿",
+    "raised_fist_light_skin_tone": "✊🏻",
+    "raised_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✊🏾",
+    "raised_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "✊🏼",
+    "raised_fist_medium_skin_tone": "✊🏽",
+    "raised_hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✋🏿",
+    "raised_hand_light_skin_tone": "✋🏻",
+    "raised_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✋🏾",
+    "raised_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✋🏼",
+    "raised_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✋🏽",
+    "raising_hands": "🙌",
+    "raising_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏿",
+    "raising_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙌🏻",
+    "raising_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏾",
+    "raising_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙌🏼",
+    "raising_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙌🏽",
+    "ram": "🐏",
+    "rat": "🐀",
+    "razor": "🪒",
+    "ringed_planet": "🪐",
+    "receipt": "🧾",
+    "record_button": "⏺",
+    "recycling_symbol": "♻",
+    "red_apple": "🍎",
+    "red_circle": "🔴",
+    "red_envelope": "🧧",
+    "red_hair": "🦰",
+    "red-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦰",
+    "red-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦰",
+    "red_heart": "❤",
+    "red_paper_lantern": "🏮",
+    "red_square": "🟥",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_down": "🔻",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_up": "🔺",
+    "registered": "®",
+    "relieved_face": "😌",
+    "reminder_ribbon": "🎗",
+    "repeat_button": "🔁",
+    "repeat_single_button": "🔂",
+    "rescue_worker’s_helmet": "⛑",
+    "restroom": "🚻",
+    "reverse_button": "◀",
+    "revolving_hearts": "💞",
+    "rhinoceros": "🦏",
+    "ribbon": "🎀",
+    "rice_ball": "🍙",
+    "rice_cracker": "🍘",
+    "right-facing_fist": "🤜",
+    "right-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏿",
+    "right-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤜🏻",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏾",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤜🏼",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤜🏽",
+    "right_anger_bubble": "🗯",
+    "right_arrow": "➡",
+    "right_arrow_curving_down": "⤵",
+    "right_arrow_curving_left": "↩",
+    "right_arrow_curving_up": "⤴",
+    "ring": "💍",
+    "roasted_sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot_face": "🤖",
+    "rocket": "🚀",
+    "roll_of_paper": "🧻",
+    "rolled-up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "roller_coaster": "🎢",
+    "rolling_on_the_floor_laughing": "🤣",
+    "rooster": "🐓",
+    "rose": "🌹",
+    "rosette": "🏵",
+    "round_pushpin": "📍",
+    "rugby_football": "🏉",
+    "running_shirt": "🎽",
+    "running_shoe": "👟",
+    "sad_but_relieved_face": "😥",
+    "safety_pin": "🧷",
+    "safety_vest": "🦺",
+    "salt": "🧂",
+    "sailboat": "⛵",
+    "sake": "🍶",
+    "sandwich": "🥪",
+    "sari": "🥻",
+    "satellite": "📡",
+    "satellite_antenna": "📡",
+    "sauropod": "🦕",
+    "saxophone": "🎷",
+    "scarf": "🧣",
+    "school": "🏫",
+    "school_backpack": "🎒",
+    "scissors": "✂",
+    "scorpion": "🦂",
+    "scroll": "📜",
+    "seat": "💺",
+    "see-no-evil_monkey": "🙈",
+    "seedling": "🌱",
+    "selfie": "🤳",
+    "selfie_dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏿",
+    "selfie_light_skin_tone": "🤳🏻",
+    "selfie_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏾",
+    "selfie_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤳🏼",
+    "selfie_medium_skin_tone": "🤳🏽",
+    "service_dog": "🐕\u200d🦺",
+    "seven-thirty": "🕢",
+    "seven_o’clock": "🕖",
+    "shallow_pan_of_food": "🥘",
+    "shamrock": "☘",
+    "shark": "🦈",
+    "shaved_ice": "🍧",
+    "sheaf_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "shield": "🛡",
+    "shinto_shrine": "⛩",
+    "ship": "🚢",
+    "shooting_star": "🌠",
+    "shopping_bags": "🛍",
+    "shopping_cart": "🛒",
+    "shortcake": "🍰",
+    "shorts": "🩳",
+    "shower": "🚿",
+    "shrimp": "🦐",
+    "shuffle_tracks_button": "🔀",
+    "shushing_face": "🤫",
+    "sign_of_the_horns": "🤘",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏿",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_light_skin_tone": "🤘🏻",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏾",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤘🏼",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium_skin_tone": "🤘🏽",
+    "six-thirty": "🕡",
+    "six_o’clock": "🕕",
+    "skateboard": "🛹",
+    "skier": "⛷",
+    "skis": "🎿",
+    "skull": "💀",
+    "skull_and_crossbones": "☠",
+    "skunk": "🦨",
+    "sled": "🛷",
+    "sleeping_face": "😴",
+    "sleepy_face": "😪",
+    "slightly_frowning_face": "🙁",
+    "slightly_smiling_face": "🙂",
+    "slot_machine": "🎰",
+    "sloth": "🦥",
+    "small_airplane": "🛩",
+    "small_blue_diamond": "🔹",
+    "small_orange_diamond": "🔸",
+    "smiling_cat_face_with_heart-eyes": "😻",
+    "smiling_face": "☺",
+    "smiling_face_with_halo": "😇",
+    "smiling_face_with_3_hearts": "🥰",
+    "smiling_face_with_heart-eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_face_with_horns": "😈",
+    "smiling_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😊",
+    "smiling_face_with_sunglasses": "😎",
+    "smirking_face": "😏",
+    "snail": "🐌",
+    "snake": "🐍",
+    "sneezing_face": "🤧",
+    "snow-capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "snowboarder": "🏂",
+    "snowboarder_dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏿",
+    "snowboarder_light_skin_tone": "🏂🏻",
+    "snowboarder_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏾",
+    "snowboarder_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏂🏼",
+    "snowboarder_medium_skin_tone": "🏂🏽",
+    "snowflake": "❄",
+    "snowman": "☃",
+    "snowman_without_snow": "⛄",
+    "soap": "🧼",
+    "soccer_ball": "⚽",
+    "socks": "🧦",
+    "softball": "🥎",
+    "soft_ice_cream": "🍦",
+    "spade_suit": "♠",
+    "spaghetti": "🍝",
+    "sparkle": "❇",
+    "sparkler": "🎇",
+    "sparkles": "✨",
+    "sparkling_heart": "💖",
+    "speak-no-evil_monkey": "🙊",
+    "speaker_high_volume": "🔊",
+    "speaker_low_volume": "🔈",
+    "speaker_medium_volume": "🔉",
+    "speaking_head": "🗣",
+    "speech_balloon": "💬",
+    "speedboat": "🚤",
+    "spider": "🕷",
+    "spider_web": "🕸",
+    "spiral_calendar": "🗓",
+    "spiral_notepad": "🗒",
+    "spiral_shell": "🐚",
+    "spoon": "🥄",
+    "sponge": "🧽",
+    "sport_utility_vehicle": "🚙",
+    "sports_medal": "🏅",
+    "spouting_whale": "🐳",
+    "squid": "🦑",
+    "squinting_face_with_tongue": "😝",
+    "stadium": "🏟",
+    "star-struck": "🤩",
+    "star_and_crescent": "☪",
+    "star_of_david": "✡",
+    "station": "🚉",
+    "steaming_bowl": "🍜",
+    "stethoscope": "🩺",
+    "stop_button": "⏹",
+    "stop_sign": "🛑",
+    "stopwatch": "⏱",
+    "straight_ruler": "📏",
+    "strawberry": "🍓",
+    "studio_microphone": "🎙",
+    "stuffed_flatbread": "🥙",
+    "sun": "☀",
+    "sun_behind_cloud": "⛅",
+    "sun_behind_large_cloud": "🌥",
+    "sun_behind_rain_cloud": "🌦",
+    "sun_behind_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "sun_with_face": "🌞",
+    "sunflower": "🌻",
+    "sunglasses": "😎",
+    "sunrise": "🌅",
+    "sunrise_over_mountains": "🌄",
+    "sunset": "🌇",
+    "superhero": "🦸",
+    "supervillain": "🦹",
+    "sushi": "🍣",
+    "suspension_railway": "🚟",
+    "swan": "🦢",
+    "sweat_droplets": "💦",
+    "synagogue": "🕍",
+    "syringe": "💉",
+    "t-shirt": "👕",
+    "taco": "🌮",
+    "takeout_box": "🥡",
+    "tanabata_tree": "🎋",
+    "tangerine": "🍊",
+    "taxi": "🚕",
+    "teacup_without_handle": "🍵",
+    "tear-off_calendar": "📆",
+    "teddy_bear": "🧸",
+    "telephone": "☎",
+    "telephone_receiver": "📞",
+    "telescope": "🔭",
+    "television": "📺",
+    "ten-thirty": "🕥",
+    "ten_o’clock": "🕙",
+    "tennis": "🎾",
+    "tent": "⛺",
+    "test_tube": "🧪",
+    "thermometer": "🌡",
+    "thinking_face": "🤔",
+    "thought_balloon": "💭",
+    "thread": "🧵",
+    "three-thirty": "🕞",
+    "three_o’clock": "🕒",
+    "thumbs_down": "👎",
+    "thumbs_down_dark_skin_tone": "👎🏿",
+    "thumbs_down_light_skin_tone": "👎🏻",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👎🏾",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👎🏼",
+    "thumbs_down_medium_skin_tone": "👎🏽",
+    "thumbs_up": "👍",
+    "thumbs_up_dark_skin_tone": "👍🏿",
+    "thumbs_up_light_skin_tone": "👍🏻",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👍🏾",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👍🏼",
+    "thumbs_up_medium_skin_tone": "👍🏽",
+    "ticket": "🎫",
+    "tiger": "🐯",
+    "tiger_face": "🐯",
+    "timer_clock": "⏲",
+    "tired_face": "😫",
+    "toolbox": "🧰",
+    "toilet": "🚽",
+    "tomato": "🍅",
+    "tongue": "👅",
+    "tooth": "🦷",
+    "top_hat": "🎩",
+    "tornado": "🌪",
+    "trackball": "🖲",
+    "tractor": "🚜",
+    "trade_mark": "™",
+    "train": "🚋",
+    "tram": "🚊",
+    "tram_car": "🚋",
+    "triangular_flag": "🚩",
+    "triangular_ruler": "📐",
+    "trident_emblem": "🔱",
+    "trolleybus": "🚎",
+    "trophy": "🏆",
+    "tropical_drink": "🍹",
+    "tropical_fish": "🐠",
+    "trumpet": "🎺",
+    "tulip": "🌷",
+    "tumbler_glass": "🥃",
+    "turtle": "🐢",
+    "twelve-thirty": "🕧",
+    "twelve_o’clock": "🕛",
+    "two-hump_camel": "🐫",
+    "two-thirty": "🕝",
+    "two_hearts": "💕",
+    "two_men_holding_hands": "👬",
+    "two_o’clock": "🕑",
+    "two_women_holding_hands": "👭",
+    "umbrella": "☂",
+    "umbrella_on_ground": "⛱",
+    "umbrella_with_rain_drops": "☔",
+    "unamused_face": "😒",
+    "unicorn_face": "🦄",
+    "unlocked": "🔓",
+    "up-down_arrow": "↕",
+    "up-left_arrow": "↖",
+    "up-right_arrow": "↗",
+    "up_arrow": "⬆",
+    "upside-down_face": "🙃",
+    "upwards_button": "🔼",
+    "vampire": "🧛",
+    "vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿",
+    "vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻",
+    "vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾",
+    "vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼",
+    "vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽",
+    "vertical_traffic_light": "🚦",
+    "vibration_mode": "📳",
+    "victory_hand": "✌",
+    "victory_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✌🏿",
+    "victory_hand_light_skin_tone": "✌🏻",
+    "victory_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✌🏾",
+    "victory_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✌🏼",
+    "victory_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✌🏽",
+    "video_camera": "📹",
+    "video_game": "🎮",
+    "videocassette": "📼",
+    "violin": "🎻",
+    "volcano": "🌋",
+    "volleyball": "🏐",
+    "vulcan_salute": "🖖",
+    "vulcan_salute_dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏿",
+    "vulcan_salute_light_skin_tone": "🖖🏻",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏾",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖖🏼",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium_skin_tone": "🖖🏽",
+    "waffle": "🧇",
+    "waning_crescent_moon": "🌘",
+    "waning_gibbous_moon": "🌖",
+    "warning": "⚠",
+    "wastebasket": "🗑",
+    "watch": "⌚",
+    "water_buffalo": "🐃",
+    "water_closet": "🚾",
+    "water_wave": "🌊",
+    "watermelon": "🍉",
+    "waving_hand": "👋",
+    "waving_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👋🏿",
+    "waving_hand_light_skin_tone": "👋🏻",
+    "waving_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👋🏾",
+    "waving_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👋🏼",
+    "waving_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👋🏽",
+    "wavy_dash": "〰",
+    "waxing_crescent_moon": "🌒",
+    "waxing_gibbous_moon": "🌔",
+    "weary_cat_face": "🙀",
+    "weary_face": "😩",
+    "wedding": "💒",
+    "whale": "🐳",
+    "wheel_of_dharma": "☸",
+    "wheelchair_symbol": "♿",
+    "white_circle": "⚪",
+    "white_exclamation_mark": "❕",
+    "white_flag": "🏳",
+    "white_flower": "💮",
+    "white_hair": "🦳",
+    "white-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦳",
+    "white-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦳",
+    "white_heart": "🤍",
+    "white_heavy_check_mark": "✅",
+    "white_large_square": "⬜",
+    "white_medium-small_square": "◽",
+    "white_medium_square": "◻",
+    "white_medium_star": "⭐",
+    "white_question_mark": "❔",
+    "white_small_square": "▫",
+    "white_square_button": "🔳",
+    "wilted_flower": "🥀",
+    "wind_chime": "🎐",
+    "wind_face": "🌬",
+    "wine_glass": "🍷",
+    "winking_face": "😉",
+    "winking_face_with_tongue": "😜",
+    "wolf_face": "🐺",
+    "woman": "👩",
+    "woman_artist": "👩\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_astronaut": "👩\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_biking": "🚴\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing": "🙇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing": "🧗\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cook": "👩\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_dancing": "💃",
+    "woman_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "💃🏿",
+    "woman_dancing_light_skin_tone": "💃🏻",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💃🏾",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "💃🏼",
+    "woman_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "💃🏽",
+    "woman_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿",
+    "woman_detective": "🕵️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf": "🧝\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_factory_worker": "👩\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_fairy": "🧚\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_farmer": "👩\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_firefighter": "👩\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_frowning": "🙍\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_genie": "🧞\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard": "💂\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_health_worker": "👩\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_manual_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦽",
+    "woman_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦼",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_judge": "👩\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_juggling": "🤹\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻",
+    "woman_mage": "🧙\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mechanic": "👩\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾",
+    "woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼",
+    "woman_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽",
+    "woman_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_office_worker": "👩\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💼",
+    "woman_pilot": "👩\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer": "👮\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting": "🙎\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running": "🏃\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_scientist": "👩\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_singer": "👩\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_student": "👩\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_surfing": "🏄\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming": "🏊\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_teacher": "👩\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_technologist": "👩\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💻",
+    "woman_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire": "🧛\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking": "🚶\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_with_headscarf": "🧕",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏿",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_light_skin_tone": "🧕🏻",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏾",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧕🏼",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium_skin_tone": "🧕🏽",
+    "woman_with_probing_cane": "👩\u200d🦯",
+    "woman_zombie": "🧟\u200d♀️",
+    "woman’s_boot": "👢",
+    "woman’s_clothes": "👚",
+    "woman’s_hat": "👒",
+    "woman’s_sandal": "👡",
+    "women_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♀️",
+    "women_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♀️",
+    "women’s_room": "🚺",
+    "woozy_face": "🥴",
+    "world_map": "🗺",
+    "worried_face": "😟",
+    "wrapped_gift": "🎁",
+    "wrench": "🔧",
+    "writing_hand": "✍",
+    "writing_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✍🏿",
+    "writing_hand_light_skin_tone": "✍🏻",
+    "writing_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✍🏾",
+    "writing_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✍🏼",
+    "writing_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✍🏽",
+    "yarn": "🧶",
+    "yawning_face": "🥱",
+    "yellow_circle": "🟡",
+    "yellow_heart": "💛",
+    "yellow_square": "🟨",
+    "yen_banknote": "💴",
+    "yo-yo": "🪀",
+    "yin_yang": "☯",
+    "zany_face": "🤪",
+    "zebra": "🦓",
+    "zipper-mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "zombie": "🧟",
+    "zzz": "💤",
+    "åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "keycap_asterisk": "*⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_eight": "8⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_five": "5⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_four": "4⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_nine": "9⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_one": "1⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_seven": "7⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_six": "6⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_three": "3⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_two": "2⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_zero": "0⃣",
+    "keycap_number_sign": "#⃣",
+    "light_skin_tone": "🏻",
+    "medium_light_skin_tone": "🏼",
+    "medium_skin_tone": "🏽",
+    "medium_dark_skin_tone": "🏾",
+    "dark_skin_tone": "🏿",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_z": "🇿",
+    "airplane_arriving": "🛬",
+    "space_invader": "👾",
+    "football": "🏈",
+    "anger": "💢",
+    "angry": "😠",
+    "anguished": "😧",
+    "signal_strength": "📶",
+    "arrows_counterclockwise": "🔄",
+    "arrow_heading_down": "⤵",
+    "arrow_heading_up": "⤴",
+    "art": "🎨",
+    "astonished": "😲",
+    "athletic_shoe": "👟",
+    "atm": "🏧",
+    "car": "🚗",
+    "red_car": "🚗",
+    "angel": "👼",
+    "back": "🔙",
+    "badminton_racquet_and_shuttlecock": "🏸",
+    "dollar": "💵",
+    "euro": "💶",
+    "pound": "💷",
+    "yen": "💴",
+    "barber": "💈",
+    "bath": "🛀",
+    "bear": "🐻",
+    "heartbeat": "💓",
+    "beer": "🍺",
+    "no_bell": "🔕",
+    "bento": "🍱",
+    "bike": "🚲",
+    "bicyclist": "🚴",
+    "8ball": "🎱",
+    "biohazard_sign": "☣",
+    "birthday": "🎂",
+    "black_circle_for_record": "⏺",
+    "clubs": "♣",
+    "diamonds": "♦",
+    "arrow_double_down": "⏬",
+    "hearts": "♥",
+    "rewind": "⏪",
+    "black_left__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏮",
+    "arrow_backward": "◀",
+    "black_medium_small_square": "◾",
+    "question": "❓",
+    "fast_forward": "⏩",
+    "black_right__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏭",
+    "arrow_forward": "▶",
+    "black_right__pointing_triangle_with_double_vertical_bar": "⏯",
+    "arrow_right": "➡",
+    "spades": "♠",
+    "black_square_for_stop": "⏹",
+    "sunny": "☀",
+    "phone": "☎",
+    "recycle": "♻",
+    "arrow_double_up": "⏫",
+    "busstop": "🚏",
+    "date": "📅",
+    "flags": "🎏",
+    "cat2": "🐈",
+    "joy_cat": "😹",
+    "smirk_cat": "😼",
+    "chart_with_downwards_trend": "📉",
+    "chart_with_upwards_trend": "📈",
+    "chart": "💹",
+    "mega": "📣",
+    "checkered_flag": "🏁",
+    "accept": "🉑",
+    "ideograph_advantage": "🉐",
+    "congratulations": "㊗",
+    "secret": "㊙",
+    "m": "Ⓜ",
+    "city_sunset": "🌆",
+    "clapper": "🎬",
+    "clap": "👏",
+    "beers": "🍻",
+    "clock830": "🕣",
+    "clock8": "🕗",
+    "clock1130": "🕦",
+    "clock11": "🕚",
+    "clock530": "🕠",
+    "clock5": "🕔",
+    "clock430": "🕟",
+    "clock4": "🕓",
+    "clock930": "🕤",
+    "clock9": "🕘",
+    "clock130": "🕜",
+    "clock1": "🕐",
+    "clock730": "🕢",
+    "clock7": "🕖",
+    "clock630": "🕡",
+    "clock6": "🕕",
+    "clock1030": "🕥",
+    "clock10": "🕙",
+    "clock330": "🕞",
+    "clock3": "🕒",
+    "clock1230": "🕧",
+    "clock12": "🕛",
+    "clock230": "🕝",
+    "clock2": "🕑",
+    "arrows_clockwise": "🔃",
+    "repeat": "🔁",
+    "repeat_one": "🔂",
+    "closed_lock_with_key": "🔐",
+    "mailbox_closed": "📪",
+    "mailbox": "📫",
+    "cloud_with_tornado": "🌪",
+    "cocktail": "🍸",
+    "boom": "💥",
+    "compression": "🗜",
+    "confounded": "😖",
+    "confused": "😕",
+    "rice": "🍚",
+    "cow2": "🐄",
+    "cricket_bat_and_ball": "🏏",
+    "x": "❌",
+    "cry": "😢",
+    "curry": "🍛",
+    "dagger_knife": "🗡",
+    "dancer": "💃",
+    "dark_sunglasses": "🕶",
+    "dash": "💨",
+    "truck": "🚚",
+    "derelict_house_building": "🏚",
+    "diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside": "💠",
+    "dart": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_relieved": "😥",
+    "disappointed": "😞",
+    "do_not_litter": "🚯",
+    "dog2": "🐕",
+    "flipper": "🐬",
+    "loop": "➿",
+    "bangbang": "‼",
+    "double_vertical_bar": "⏸",
+    "dove_of_peace": "🕊",
+    "small_red_triangle_down": "🔻",
+    "arrow_down_small": "🔽",
+    "arrow_down": "⬇",
+    "dromedary_camel": "🐪",
+    "e__mail": "📧",
+    "corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "earth_americas": "🌎",
+    "earth_asia": "🌏",
+    "earth_africa": "🌍",
+    "eight_pointed_black_star": "✴",
+    "eight_spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eject_symbol": "⏏",
+    "bulb": "💡",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__1__2": "🏻",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__3": "🏼",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__4": "🏽",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__5": "🏾",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__6": "🏿",
+    "end": "🔚",
+    "email": "✉",
+    "european_castle": "🏰",
+    "european_post_office": "🏤",
+    "interrobang": "⁉",
+    "expressionless": "😑",
+    "eyeglasses": "👓",
+    "massage": "💆",
+    "yum": "😋",
+    "scream": "😱",
+    "kissing_heart": "😘",
+    "sweat": "😓",
+    "face_with_head__bandage": "🤕",
+    "triumph": "😤",
+    "mask": "😷",
+    "no_good": "🙅",
+    "ok_woman": "🙆",
+    "open_mouth": "😮",
+    "cold_sweat": "😰",
+    "stuck_out_tongue": "😛",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_closed_eyes": "😝",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_winking_eye": "😜",
+    "joy": "😂",
+    "no_mouth": "😶",
+    "santa": "🎅",
+    "fax": "📠",
+    "fearful": "😨",
+    "field_hockey_stick_and_ball": "🏑",
+    "first_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌛",
+    "fish_cake": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole_and_fish": "🎣",
+    "facepunch": "👊",
+    "punch": "👊",
+    "flag_for_afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "flag_for_albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "flag_for_algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "flag_for_american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "flag_for_andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "flag_for_angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "flag_for_anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "flag_for_antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "flag_for_antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "flag_for_argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "flag_for_armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "flag_for_aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "flag_for_ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "flag_for_australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "flag_for_austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "flag_for_azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "flag_for_bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "flag_for_bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "flag_for_bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "flag_for_barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "flag_for_belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "flag_for_belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "flag_for_belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "flag_for_benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "flag_for_bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "flag_for_bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "flag_for_bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "flag_for_bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "flag_for_botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "flag_for_bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "flag_for_brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "flag_for_british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "flag_for_british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "flag_for_brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "flag_for_bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "flag_for_burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "flag_for_burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "flag_for_cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "flag_for_cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "flag_for_canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "flag_for_canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "flag_for_cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "flag_for_caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "flag_for_cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "flag_for_central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "flag_for_ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "flag_for_chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "flag_for_chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "flag_for_china": "🇨🇳",
+    "flag_for_christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "flag_for_clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "flag_for_cocos__islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "flag_for_colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "flag_for_comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "flag_for_congo____brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "flag_for_congo____kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "flag_for_cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "flag_for_costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "flag_for_croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "flag_for_cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "flag_for_curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "flag_for_cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "flag_for_czech_republic": "🇨🇿",
+    "flag_for_côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "flag_for_denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "flag_for_diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "flag_for_djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "flag_for_dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "flag_for_dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "flag_for_ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "flag_for_egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "flag_for_el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "flag_for_equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "flag_for_eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "flag_for_estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "flag_for_ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "flag_for_european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "flag_for_falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "flag_for_faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "flag_for_fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "flag_for_finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "flag_for_france": "🇫🇷",
+    "flag_for_french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "flag_for_gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "flag_for_gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "flag_for_georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "flag_for_germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "flag_for_ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "flag_for_gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "flag_for_greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "flag_for_greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "flag_for_grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "flag_for_guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "flag_for_guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "flag_for_guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "flag_for_guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "flag_for_guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "flag_for_guinea__bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "flag_for_guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "flag_for_haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "flag_for_heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "flag_for_honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "flag_for_hong_kong": "🇭🇰",
+    "flag_for_hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "flag_for_iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "flag_for_india": "🇮🇳",
+    "flag_for_indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "flag_for_iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "flag_for_iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "flag_for_ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "flag_for_isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "flag_for_israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "flag_for_italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "flag_for_jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "flag_for_japan": "🇯🇵",
+    "flag_for_jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "flag_for_jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "flag_for_kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "flag_for_kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "flag_for_kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "flag_for_kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "flag_for_kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "flag_for_kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "flag_for_laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "flag_for_latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "flag_for_lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "flag_for_lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "flag_for_liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "flag_for_libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "flag_for_liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "flag_for_lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "flag_for_luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "flag_for_macau": "🇲🇴",
+    "flag_for_macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "flag_for_madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "flag_for_malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "flag_for_malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "flag_for_maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "flag_for_mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "flag_for_malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "flag_for_marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "flag_for_martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "flag_for_mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "flag_for_mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "flag_for_mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "flag_for_mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "flag_for_micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "flag_for_moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "flag_for_monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "flag_for_mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "flag_for_montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "flag_for_montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "flag_for_morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "flag_for_mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "flag_for_myanmar": "🇲🇲",
+    "flag_for_namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "flag_for_nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "flag_for_nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "flag_for_netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "flag_for_new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "flag_for_new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "flag_for_nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "flag_for_niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "flag_for_nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "flag_for_niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "flag_for_norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "flag_for_north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "flag_for_northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "flag_for_norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "flag_for_oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "flag_for_pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "flag_for_palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "flag_for_palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "flag_for_panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "flag_for_papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "flag_for_paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "flag_for_peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "flag_for_philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "flag_for_pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "flag_for_poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "flag_for_portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "flag_for_puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "flag_for_qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "flag_for_romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "flag_for_russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "flag_for_rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "flag_for_réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "flag_for_samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "flag_for_san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "flag_for_saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "flag_for_senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "flag_for_serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "flag_for_seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "flag_for_sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "flag_for_singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "flag_for_sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "flag_for_slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "flag_for_slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "flag_for_solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "flag_for_somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "flag_for_south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "flag_for_south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "flag_for_south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "flag_for_south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "flag_for_spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "flag_for_sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "flag_for_st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "flag_for_st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "flag_for_st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "flag_for_st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "flag_for_st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "flag_for_st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "flag_for_st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "flag_for_sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "flag_for_suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "flag_for_svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "flag_for_swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "flag_for_sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "flag_for_switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "flag_for_syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "flag_for_são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "flag_for_taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "flag_for_tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "flag_for_tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "flag_for_thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "flag_for_timor__leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "flag_for_togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "flag_for_tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "flag_for_tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "flag_for_trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "flag_for_tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "flag_for_tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "flag_for_turkey": "🇹🇷",
+    "flag_for_turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "flag_for_turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "flag_for_tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "flag_for_u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "flag_for_u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "flag_for_uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "flag_for_ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "flag_for_united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "flag_for_united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "flag_for_united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "flag_for_uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "flag_for_uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "flag_for_vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "flag_for_vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "flag_for_venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "flag_for_vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "flag_for_wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "flag_for_western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "flag_for_yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "flag_for_zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "flag_for_zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "flag_for_åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "golf": "⛳",
+    "fleur__de__lis": "⚜",
+    "muscle": "💪",
+    "flushed": "😳",
+    "frame_with_picture": "🖼",
+    "fries": "🍟",
+    "frog": "🐸",
+    "hatched_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning": "😦",
+    "fuelpump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon_with_face": "🌝",
+    "gem": "💎",
+    "star2": "🌟",
+    "golfer": "🏌",
+    "mortar_board": "🎓",
+    "grimacing": "😬",
+    "smile_cat": "😸",
+    "grinning": "😀",
+    "grin": "😁",
+    "heartpulse": "💗",
+    "guardsman": "💂",
+    "haircut": "💇",
+    "hamster": "🐹",
+    "raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "headphones": "🎧",
+    "hear_no_evil": "🙉",
+    "cupid": "💘",
+    "gift_heart": "💝",
+    "heart": "❤",
+    "exclamation": "❗",
+    "heavy_exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation_mark_ornament": "❣",
+    "o": "⭕",
+    "helm_symbol": "⎈",
+    "helmet_with_white_cross": "⛑",
+    "high_heel": "👠",
+    "bullettrain_side": "🚄",
+    "bullettrain_front": "🚅",
+    "high_brightness": "🔆",
+    "zap": "⚡",
+    "hocho": "🔪",
+    "knife": "🔪",
+    "bee": "🐝",
+    "traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "racehorse": "🐎",
+    "coffee": "☕",
+    "hotsprings": "♨",
+    "hourglass": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_flowing_sand": "⏳",
+    "house_buildings": "🏘",
+    "100": "💯",
+    "hushed": "😯",
+    "ice_hockey_stick_and_puck": "🏒",
+    "imp": "👿",
+    "information_desk_person": "💁",
+    "information_source": "ℹ",
+    "capital_abcd": "🔠",
+    "abc": "🔤",
+    "abcd": "🔡",
+    "1234": "🔢",
+    "symbols": "🔣",
+    "izakaya_lantern": "🏮",
+    "lantern": "🏮",
+    "jack_o_lantern": "🎃",
+    "dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_goblin": "👺",
+    "japanese_ogre": "👹",
+    "beginner": "🔰",
+    "zero": "0️⃣",
+    "one": "1️⃣",
+    "ten": "🔟",
+    "two": "2️⃣",
+    "three": "3️⃣",
+    "four": "4️⃣",
+    "five": "5️⃣",
+    "six": "6️⃣",
+    "seven": "7️⃣",
+    "eight": "8️⃣",
+    "nine": "9️⃣",
+    "couplekiss": "💏",
+    "kissing_cat": "😽",
+    "kissing": "😗",
+    "kissing_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "beetle": "🐞",
+    "large_blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "last_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌜",
+    "leaves": "🍃",
+    "mag": "🔍",
+    "left_right_arrow": "↔",
+    "leftwards_arrow_with_hook": "↩",
+    "arrow_left": "⬅",
+    "lock": "🔒",
+    "lock_with_ink_pen": "🔏",
+    "sob": "😭",
+    "low_brightness": "🔅",
+    "lower_left_ballpoint_pen": "🖊",
+    "lower_left_crayon": "🖍",
+    "lower_left_fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "lower_left_paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "mahjong": "🀄",
+    "couple": "👫",
+    "man_in_business_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_with_gua_pi_mao": "👲",
+    "man_with_turban": "👳",
+    "mans_shoe": "👞",
+    "shoe": "👞",
+    "menorah_with_nine_branches": "🕎",
+    "mens": "🚹",
+    "minidisc": "💽",
+    "iphone": "📱",
+    "calling": "📲",
+    "money__mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "moneybag": "💰",
+    "rice_scene": "🎑",
+    "mountain_bicyclist": "🚵",
+    "mouse2": "🐁",
+    "lips": "👄",
+    "moyai": "🗿",
+    "notes": "🎶",
+    "nail_care": "💅",
+    "ab": "🆎",
+    "negative_squared_cross_mark": "❎",
+    "a": "🅰",
+    "b": "🅱",
+    "o2": "🅾",
+    "parking": "🅿",
+    "new_moon_with_face": "🌚",
+    "no_entry_sign": "🚫",
+    "underage": "🔞",
+    "non__potable_water": "🚱",
+    "arrow_upper_right": "↗",
+    "arrow_upper_left": "↖",
+    "office": "🏢",
+    "older_man": "👴",
+    "older_woman": "👵",
+    "om_symbol": "🕉",
+    "on": "🔛",
+    "book": "📖",
+    "unlock": "🔓",
+    "mailbox_with_no_mail": "📭",
+    "mailbox_with_mail": "📬",
+    "cd": "💿",
+    "tada": "🎉",
+    "feet": "🐾",
+    "walking": "🚶",
+    "pencil2": "✏",
+    "pensive": "😔",
+    "persevere": "😣",
+    "bow": "🙇",
+    "raised_hands": "🙌",
+    "person_with_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_with_blond_hair": "👱",
+    "pray": "🙏",
+    "person_with_pouting_face": "🙎",
+    "computer": "💻",
+    "pig2": "🐖",
+    "hankey": "💩",
+    "poop": "💩",
+    "shit": "💩",
+    "bamboo": "🎍",
+    "gun": "🔫",
+    "black_joker": "🃏",
+    "rotating_light": "🚨",
+    "cop": "👮",
+    "stew": "🍲",
+    "pouch": "👝",
+    "pouting_cat": "😾",
+    "rage": "😡",
+    "put_litter_in_its_place": "🚮",
+    "rabbit2": "🐇",
+    "racing_motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "radioactive_sign": "☢",
+    "fist": "✊",
+    "hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "raised_hand_with_part_between_middle_and_ring_fingers": "🖖",
+    "blue_car": "🚙",
+    "apple": "🍎",
+    "relieved": "😌",
+    "reversed_hand_with_middle_finger_extended": "🖕",
+    "mag_right": "🔎",
+    "arrow_right_hook": "↪",
+    "sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot": "🤖",
+    "rolled__up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "rowboat": "🚣",
+    "runner": "🏃",
+    "running": "🏃",
+    "running_shirt_with_sash": "🎽",
+    "boat": "⛵",
+    "scales": "⚖",
+    "school_satchel": "🎒",
+    "scorpius": "♏",
+    "see_no_evil": "🙈",
+    "sheep": "🐑",
+    "stars": "🌠",
+    "cake": "🍰",
+    "six_pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "ski": "🎿",
+    "sleeping_accommodation": "🛌",
+    "sleeping": "😴",
+    "sleepy": "😪",
+    "sleuth_or_spy": "🕵",
+    "heart_eyes_cat": "😻",
+    "smiley_cat": "😺",
+    "innocent": "😇",
+    "heart_eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_imp": "😈",
+    "smiley": "😃",
+    "sweat_smile": "😅",
+    "smile": "😄",
+    "laughing": "😆",
+    "satisfied": "😆",
+    "blush": "😊",
+    "smirk": "😏",
+    "smoking": "🚬",
+    "snow_capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "soccer": "⚽",
+    "icecream": "🍦",
+    "soon": "🔜",
+    "arrow_lower_right": "↘",
+    "arrow_lower_left": "↙",
+    "speak_no_evil": "🙊",
+    "speaker": "🔈",
+    "mute": "🔇",
+    "sound": "🔉",
+    "loud_sound": "🔊",
+    "speaking_head_in_silhouette": "🗣",
+    "spiral_calendar_pad": "🗓",
+    "spiral_note_pad": "🗒",
+    "shell": "🐚",
+    "sweat_drops": "💦",
+    "u5272": "🈹",
+    "u5408": "🈴",
+    "u55b6": "🈺",
+    "u6307": "🈯",
+    "u6708": "🈷",
+    "u6709": "🈶",
+    "u6e80": "🈵",
+    "u7121": "🈚",
+    "u7533": "🈸",
+    "u7981": "🈲",
+    "u7a7a": "🈳",
+    "cl": "🆑",
+    "cool": "🆒",
+    "free": "🆓",
+    "id": "🆔",
+    "koko": "🈁",
+    "sa": "🈂",
+    "new": "🆕",
+    "ng": "🆖",
+    "ok": "🆗",
+    "sos": "🆘",
+    "up": "🆙",
+    "vs": "🆚",
+    "steam_locomotive": "🚂",
+    "ramen": "🍜",
+    "partly_sunny": "⛅",
+    "city_sunrise": "🌇",
+    "surfer": "🏄",
+    "swimmer": "🏊",
+    "shirt": "👕",
+    "tshirt": "👕",
+    "table_tennis_paddle_and_ball": "🏓",
+    "tea": "🍵",
+    "tv": "📺",
+    "three_button_mouse": "🖱",
+    "+1": "👍",
+    "thumbsup": "👍",
+    "__1": "👎",
+    "-1": "👎",
+    "thumbsdown": "👎",
+    "thunder_cloud_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "tiger2": "🐅",
+    "tophat": "🎩",
+    "top": "🔝",
+    "tm": "™",
+    "train2": "🚆",
+    "triangular_flag_on_post": "🚩",
+    "trident": "🔱",
+    "twisted_rightwards_arrows": "🔀",
+    "unamused": "😒",
+    "small_red_triangle": "🔺",
+    "arrow_up_small": "🔼",
+    "arrow_up_down": "↕",
+    "upside__down_face": "🙃",
+    "arrow_up": "⬆",
+    "v": "✌",
+    "vhs": "📼",
+    "wc": "🚾",
+    "ocean": "🌊",
+    "waving_black_flag": "🏴",
+    "wave": "👋",
+    "waving_white_flag": "🏳",
+    "moon": "🌔",
+    "scream_cat": "🙀",
+    "weary": "😩",
+    "weight_lifter": "🏋",
+    "whale2": "🐋",
+    "wheelchair": "♿",
+    "point_down": "👇",
+    "grey_exclamation": "❕",
+    "white_frowning_face": "☹",
+    "white_check_mark": "✅",
+    "point_left": "👈",
+    "white_medium_small_square": "◽",
+    "star": "⭐",
+    "grey_question": "❔",
+    "point_right": "👉",
+    "relaxed": "☺",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud": "🌥",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud_with_rain": "🌦",
+    "white_sun_with_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "point_up_2": "👆",
+    "point_up": "☝",
+    "wind_blowing_face": "🌬",
+    "wink": "😉",
+    "wolf": "🐺",
+    "dancers": "👯",
+    "boot": "👢",
+    "womans_clothes": "👚",
+    "womans_hat": "👒",
+    "sandal": "👡",
+    "womens": "🚺",
+    "worried": "😟",
+    "gift": "🎁",
+    "zipper__mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "regional_indicator_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_z": "🇿",
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2cafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from typing import Callable, Match, Optional
+import re
+
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EmojiSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def _emoji_replace(
+    text: str,
+    default_variant: Optional[str] = None,
+    _emoji_sub: _EmojiSubMethod = re.compile(r"(:(\S*?)(?:(?:\-)(emoji|text))?:)").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace emoji code in text."""
+    get_emoji = EMOJI.__getitem__
+    variants = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+    get_variant = variants.get
+    default_variant_code = variants.get(default_variant, "") if default_variant else ""
+
+    def do_replace(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        emoji_code, emoji_name, variant = match.groups()
+        try:
+            return get_emoji(emoji_name.lower()) + get_variant(
+                variant, default_variant_code
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            return emoji_code
+
+    return _emoji_sub(do_replace, text)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7527e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<style>
+{stylesheet}
+body {{
+    color: {foreground};
+    background-color: {background};
+}}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <pre style="font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace"><code style="font-family:inherit">{code}</code></pre>
+</body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT = """\
+<svg class="rich-terminal" viewBox="0 0 {width} {height}" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+    <!-- Generated with Rich https://www.textualize.io -->
+    <style>
+
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Regular"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Regular.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Regular.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: normal;
+        font-weight: 400;
+    }}
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Bold"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Bold.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Bold.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: bold;
+        font-weight: 700;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-matrix {{
+        font-family: Fira Code, monospace;
+        font-size: {char_height}px;
+        line-height: {line_height}px;
+        font-variant-east-asian: full-width;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-title {{
+        font-size: 18px;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        font-family: arial;
+    }}
+
+    {styles}
+    </style>
+
+    <defs>
+    <clipPath id="{unique_id}-clip-terminal">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="{terminal_width}" height="{terminal_height}" />
+    </clipPath>
+    {lines}
+    </defs>
+
+    {chrome}
+    <g transform="translate({terminal_x}, {terminal_y})" clip-path="url(#{unique_id}-clip-terminal)">
+    {backgrounds}
+    <g class="{unique_id}-matrix">
+    {matrix}
+    </g>
+    </g>
+</svg>
+"""
+
+_SVG_FONT_FAMILY = "Rich Fira Code"
+_SVG_CLASSES_PREFIX = "rich-svg"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbd6da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    # prevent circular import
+    from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import install
+    from pip._vendor.rich.traceback import install as tr_install
+
+    install()
+    tr_install()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b17ee65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import IO, Callable
+
+
+def get_fileno(file_like: IO[str]) -> int | None:
+    """Get fileno() from a file, accounting for poorly implemented file-like objects.
+
+    Args:
+        file_like (IO): A file-like object.
+
+    Returns:
+        int | None: The result of fileno if available, or None if operation failed.
+    """
+    fileno: Callable[[], int] | None = getattr(file_like, "fileno", None)
+    if fileno is not None:
+        try:
+            return fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            # `fileno` is documented as potentially raising a OSError
+            # Alas, from the issues, there are so many poorly implemented file-like objects,
+            # that `fileno()` can raise just about anything.
+            return None
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30446ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import inspect
+from inspect import cleandoc, getdoc, getfile, isclass, ismodule, signature
+from typing import Any, Collection, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from .console import Group, RenderableType
+from .control import escape_control_codes
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+
+def _first_paragraph(doc: str) -> str:
+    """Get the first paragraph from a docstring."""
+    paragraph, _, _ = doc.partition("\n\n")
+    return paragraph
+
+
+class Inspect(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable to inspect any Python Object.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value of object. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        help: bool = False,
+        methods: bool = False,
+        docs: bool = True,
+        private: bool = False,
+        dunder: bool = False,
+        sort: bool = True,
+        all: bool = True,
+        value: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        self.obj = obj
+        self.title = title or self._make_title(obj)
+        if all:
+            methods = private = dunder = True
+        self.help = help
+        self.methods = methods
+        self.docs = docs or help
+        self.private = private or dunder
+        self.dunder = dunder
+        self.sort = sort
+        self.value = value
+
+    def _make_title(self, obj: Any) -> Text:
+        """Make a default title."""
+        title_str = (
+            str(obj)
+            if (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj))
+            else str(type(obj))
+        )
+        title_text = self.highlighter(title_str)
+        return title_text
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Panel:
+        return Panel.fit(
+            Group(*self._render()),
+            title=self.title,
+            border_style="scope.border",
+            padding=(0, 1),
+        )
+
+    def _get_signature(self, name: str, obj: Any) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Get a signature for a callable."""
+        try:
+            _signature = str(signature(obj)) + ":"
+        except ValueError:
+            _signature = "(...)"
+        except TypeError:
+            return None
+
+        source_filename: Optional[str] = None
+        try:
+            source_filename = getfile(obj)
+        except (OSError, TypeError):
+            # OSError is raised if obj has no source file, e.g. when defined in REPL.
+            pass
+
+        callable_name = Text(name, style="inspect.callable")
+        if source_filename:
+            callable_name.stylize(f"link file://{source_filename}")
+        signature_text = self.highlighter(_signature)
+
+        qualname = name or getattr(obj, "__qualname__", name)
+
+        # If obj is a module, there may be classes (which are callable) to display
+        if inspect.isclass(obj):
+            prefix = "class"
+        elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(obj):
+            prefix = "async def"
+        else:
+            prefix = "def"
+
+        qual_signature = Text.assemble(
+            (f"{prefix} ", f"inspect.{prefix.replace(' ', '_')}"),
+            (qualname, "inspect.callable"),
+            signature_text,
+        )
+
+        return qual_signature
+
+    def _render(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Render object."""
+
+        def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+            key, (_error, value) = item
+            return (callable(value), key.strip("_").lower())
+
+        def safe_getattr(attr_name: str) -> Tuple[Any, Any]:
+            """Get attribute or any exception."""
+            try:
+                return (None, getattr(obj, attr_name))
+            except Exception as error:
+                return (error, None)
+
+        obj = self.obj
+        keys = dir(obj)
+        total_items = len(keys)
+        if not self.dunder:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("__")]
+        if not self.private:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("_")]
+        not_shown_count = total_items - len(keys)
+        items = [(key, safe_getattr(key)) for key in keys]
+        if self.sort:
+            items.sort(key=sort_items)
+
+        items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+        items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+        add_row = items_table.add_row
+        highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        if callable(obj):
+            signature = self._get_signature("", obj)
+            if signature is not None:
+                yield signature
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.docs:
+            _doc = self._get_formatted_doc(obj)
+            if _doc is not None:
+                doc_text = Text(_doc, style="inspect.help")
+                doc_text = highlighter(doc_text)
+                yield doc_text
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.value and not (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj)):
+            yield Panel(
+                Pretty(obj, indent_guides=True, max_length=10, max_string=60),
+                border_style="inspect.value.border",
+            )
+            yield ""
+
+        for key, (error, value) in items:
+            key_text = Text.assemble(
+                (
+                    key,
+                    "inspect.attr.dunder" if key.startswith("__") else "inspect.attr",
+                ),
+                (" =", "inspect.equals"),
+            )
+            if error is not None:
+                warning = key_text.copy()
+                warning.stylize("inspect.error")
+                add_row(warning, highlighter(repr(error)))
+                continue
+
+            if callable(value):
+                if not self.methods:
+                    continue
+
+                _signature_text = self._get_signature(key, value)
+                if _signature_text is None:
+                    add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+                else:
+                    if self.docs:
+                        docs = self._get_formatted_doc(value)
+                        if docs is not None:
+                            _signature_text.append("\n" if "\n" in docs else " ")
+                            doc = highlighter(docs)
+                            doc.stylize("inspect.doc")
+                            _signature_text.append(doc)
+
+                    add_row(key_text, _signature_text)
+            else:
+                add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+        if items_table.row_count:
+            yield items_table
+        elif not_shown_count:
+            yield Text.from_markup(
+                f"[b cyan]{not_shown_count}[/][i] attribute(s) not shown.[/i] "
+                f"Run [b][magenta]inspect[/]([not b]inspect[/])[/b] for options."
+            )
+
+    def _get_formatted_doc(self, object_: Any) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Extract the docstring of an object, process it and returns it.
+        The processing consists in cleaning up the doctring's indentation,
+        taking only its 1st paragraph if `self.help` is not True,
+        and escape its control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            object_ (Any): the object to get the docstring from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: the processed docstring, or None if no docstring was found.
+        """
+        docs = getdoc(object_)
+        if docs is None:
+            return None
+        docs = cleandoc(docs).strip()
+        if not self.help:
+            docs = _first_paragraph(docs)
+        return escape_control_codes(docs)
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro(obj: Union[object, Type[Any]]) -> Tuple[type, ...]:
+    """Returns the MRO of an object's class, or of the object itself if it's a class."""
+    if not hasattr(obj, "__mro__"):
+        # N.B. we cannot use `if type(obj) is type` here because it doesn't work with
+        # some types of classes, such as the ones that use abc.ABCMeta.
+        obj = type(obj)
+    return getattr(obj, "__mro__", ())
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj: object) -> Collection[str]:
+    """
+    Returns the MRO of an object's class as full qualified names, or of the object itself if it's a class.
+
+    Examples:
+        `object_types_mro_as_strings(JSONDecoder)` will return `['json.decoder.JSONDecoder', 'builtins.object']`
+    """
+    return [
+        f'{getattr(type_, "__module__", "")}.{getattr(type_, "__qualname__", "")}'
+        for type_ in get_object_types_mro(obj)
+    ]
+
+
+def is_object_one_of_types(
+    obj: object, fully_qualified_types_names: Collection[str]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns `True` if the given object's class (or the object itself, if it's a class) has one of the
+    fully qualified names in its MRO.
+    """
+    for type_name in get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj):
+        if type_name in fully_qualified_types_names:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc16c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Callable
+
+
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType
+    from .table import Table
+
+FormatTimeCallable = Callable[[datetime], Text]
+
+
+class LogRender:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = False,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        level_width: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.show_time = show_time
+        self.show_level = show_level
+        self.show_path = show_path
+        self.time_format = time_format
+        self.omit_repeated_times = omit_repeated_times
+        self.level_width = level_width
+        self._last_time: Optional[Text] = None
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        renderables: Iterable["ConsoleRenderable"],
+        log_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        time_format: Optional[Union[str, FormatTimeCallable]] = None,
+        level: TextType = "",
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        line_no: Optional[int] = None,
+        link_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        from .containers import Renderables
+        from .table import Table
+
+        output = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1))
+        output.expand = True
+        if self.show_time:
+            output.add_column(style="log.time")
+        if self.show_level:
+            output.add_column(style="log.level", width=self.level_width)
+        output.add_column(ratio=1, style="log.message", overflow="fold")
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            output.add_column(style="log.path")
+        row: List["RenderableType"] = []
+        if self.show_time:
+            log_time = log_time or console.get_datetime()
+            time_format = time_format or self.time_format
+            if callable(time_format):
+                log_time_display = time_format(log_time)
+            else:
+                log_time_display = Text(log_time.strftime(time_format))
+            if log_time_display == self._last_time and self.omit_repeated_times:
+                row.append(Text(" " * len(log_time_display)))
+            else:
+                row.append(log_time_display)
+                self._last_time = log_time_display
+        if self.show_level:
+            row.append(level)
+
+        row.append(Renderables(renderables))
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            path_text = Text()
+            path_text.append(
+                path, style=f"link file://{link_path}" if link_path else ""
+            )
+            if line_no:
+                path_text.append(":")
+                path_text.append(
+                    f"{line_no}",
+                    style=f"link file://{link_path}#{line_no}" if link_path else "",
+                )
+            row.append(path_text)
+
+        output.add_row(*row)
+        return output
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+    c.print("[on blue]Hello", justify="right")
+    c.log("[on blue]hello", justify="right")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def loop_first(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    yield True, value
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, value
+
+
+def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value
+
+
+def loop_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    first = True
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield first, False, previous_value
+        first = False
+        previous_value = value
+    yield first, True, previous_value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b659673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Type
+
+
+class NullFile(IO[str]):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, __n: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def readline(self, __limit: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readlines(self, __hint: int = 1) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def seek(self, __offset: int, __whence: int = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def truncate(self, __size: Optional[int] = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def writelines(self, __lines: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __next__(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter([""])
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> IO[str]:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __t: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        __value: Optional[BaseException],
+        __traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return -1
+
+
+NULL_FILE = NullFile()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c748d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+from .palette import Palette
+
+
+# Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code (Windows 10 column)
+WINDOWS_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (12, 12, 12),
+        (197, 15, 31),
+        (19, 161, 14),
+        (193, 156, 0),
+        (0, 55, 218),
+        (136, 23, 152),
+        (58, 150, 221),
+        (204, 204, 204),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (231, 72, 86),
+        (22, 198, 12),
+        (249, 241, 165),
+        (59, 120, 255),
+        (180, 0, 158),
+        (97, 214, 214),
+        (242, 242, 242),
+    ]
+)
+
+# # The standard ansi colors (including bright variants)
+STANDARD_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (170, 0, 0),
+        (0, 170, 0),
+        (170, 85, 0),
+        (0, 0, 170),
+        (170, 0, 170),
+        (0, 170, 170),
+        (170, 170, 170),
+        (85, 85, 85),
+        (255, 85, 85),
+        (85, 255, 85),
+        (255, 255, 85),
+        (85, 85, 255),
+        (255, 85, 255),
+        (85, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# The 256 color palette
+EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (0, 0, 95),
+        (0, 0, 135),
+        (0, 0, 175),
+        (0, 0, 215),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (0, 95, 0),
+        (0, 95, 95),
+        (0, 95, 135),
+        (0, 95, 175),
+        (0, 95, 215),
+        (0, 95, 255),
+        (0, 135, 0),
+        (0, 135, 95),
+        (0, 135, 135),
+        (0, 135, 175),
+        (0, 135, 215),
+        (0, 135, 255),
+        (0, 175, 0),
+        (0, 175, 95),
+        (0, 175, 135),
+        (0, 175, 175),
+        (0, 175, 215),
+        (0, 175, 255),
+        (0, 215, 0),
+        (0, 215, 95),
+        (0, 215, 135),
+        (0, 215, 175),
+        (0, 215, 215),
+        (0, 215, 255),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (0, 255, 95),
+        (0, 255, 135),
+        (0, 255, 175),
+        (0, 255, 215),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (95, 0, 0),
+        (95, 0, 95),
+        (95, 0, 135),
+        (95, 0, 175),
+        (95, 0, 215),
+        (95, 0, 255),
+        (95, 95, 0),
+        (95, 95, 95),
+        (95, 95, 135),
+        (95, 95, 175),
+        (95, 95, 215),
+        (95, 95, 255),
+        (95, 135, 0),
+        (95, 135, 95),
+        (95, 135, 135),
+        (95, 135, 175),
+        (95, 135, 215),
+        (95, 135, 255),
+        (95, 175, 0),
+        (95, 175, 95),
+        (95, 175, 135),
+        (95, 175, 175),
+        (95, 175, 215),
+        (95, 175, 255),
+        (95, 215, 0),
+        (95, 215, 95),
+        (95, 215, 135),
+        (95, 215, 175),
+        (95, 215, 215),
+        (95, 215, 255),
+        (95, 255, 0),
+        (95, 255, 95),
+        (95, 255, 135),
+        (95, 255, 175),
+        (95, 255, 215),
+        (95, 255, 255),
+        (135, 0, 0),
+        (135, 0, 95),
+        (135, 0, 135),
+        (135, 0, 175),
+        (135, 0, 215),
+        (135, 0, 255),
+        (135, 95, 0),
+        (135, 95, 95),
+        (135, 95, 135),
+        (135, 95, 175),
+        (135, 95, 215),
+        (135, 95, 255),
+        (135, 135, 0),
+        (135, 135, 95),
+        (135, 135, 135),
+        (135, 135, 175),
+        (135, 135, 215),
+        (135, 135, 255),
+        (135, 175, 0),
+        (135, 175, 95),
+        (135, 175, 135),
+        (135, 175, 175),
+        (135, 175, 215),
+        (135, 175, 255),
+        (135, 215, 0),
+        (135, 215, 95),
+        (135, 215, 135),
+        (135, 215, 175),
+        (135, 215, 215),
+        (135, 215, 255),
+        (135, 255, 0),
+        (135, 255, 95),
+        (135, 255, 135),
+        (135, 255, 175),
+        (135, 255, 215),
+        (135, 255, 255),
+        (175, 0, 0),
+        (175, 0, 95),
+        (175, 0, 135),
+        (175, 0, 175),
+        (175, 0, 215),
+        (175, 0, 255),
+        (175, 95, 0),
+        (175, 95, 95),
+        (175, 95, 135),
+        (175, 95, 175),
+        (175, 95, 215),
+        (175, 95, 255),
+        (175, 135, 0),
+        (175, 135, 95),
+        (175, 135, 135),
+        (175, 135, 175),
+        (175, 135, 215),
+        (175, 135, 255),
+        (175, 175, 0),
+        (175, 175, 95),
+        (175, 175, 135),
+        (175, 175, 175),
+        (175, 175, 215),
+        (175, 175, 255),
+        (175, 215, 0),
+        (175, 215, 95),
+        (175, 215, 135),
+        (175, 215, 175),
+        (175, 215, 215),
+        (175, 215, 255),
+        (175, 255, 0),
+        (175, 255, 95),
+        (175, 255, 135),
+        (175, 255, 175),
+        (175, 255, 215),
+        (175, 255, 255),
+        (215, 0, 0),
+        (215, 0, 95),
+        (215, 0, 135),
+        (215, 0, 175),
+        (215, 0, 215),
+        (215, 0, 255),
+        (215, 95, 0),
+        (215, 95, 95),
+        (215, 95, 135),
+        (215, 95, 175),
+        (215, 95, 215),
+        (215, 95, 255),
+        (215, 135, 0),
+        (215, 135, 95),
+        (215, 135, 135),
+        (215, 135, 175),
+        (215, 135, 215),
+        (215, 135, 255),
+        (215, 175, 0),
+        (215, 175, 95),
+        (215, 175, 135),
+        (215, 175, 175),
+        (215, 175, 215),
+        (215, 175, 255),
+        (215, 215, 0),
+        (215, 215, 95),
+        (215, 215, 135),
+        (215, 215, 175),
+        (215, 215, 215),
+        (215, 215, 255),
+        (215, 255, 0),
+        (215, 255, 95),
+        (215, 255, 135),
+        (215, 255, 175),
+        (215, 255, 215),
+        (215, 255, 255),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (255, 0, 95),
+        (255, 0, 135),
+        (255, 0, 175),
+        (255, 0, 215),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (255, 95, 0),
+        (255, 95, 95),
+        (255, 95, 135),
+        (255, 95, 175),
+        (255, 95, 215),
+        (255, 95, 255),
+        (255, 135, 0),
+        (255, 135, 95),
+        (255, 135, 135),
+        (255, 135, 175),
+        (255, 135, 215),
+        (255, 135, 255),
+        (255, 175, 0),
+        (255, 175, 95),
+        (255, 175, 135),
+        (255, 175, 175),
+        (255, 175, 215),
+        (255, 175, 255),
+        (255, 215, 0),
+        (255, 215, 95),
+        (255, 215, 135),
+        (255, 215, 175),
+        (255, 215, 215),
+        (255, 215, 255),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 95),
+        (255, 255, 135),
+        (255, 255, 175),
+        (255, 255, 215),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (8, 8, 8),
+        (18, 18, 18),
+        (28, 28, 28),
+        (38, 38, 38),
+        (48, 48, 48),
+        (58, 58, 58),
+        (68, 68, 68),
+        (78, 78, 78),
+        (88, 88, 88),
+        (98, 98, 98),
+        (108, 108, 108),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (138, 138, 138),
+        (148, 148, 148),
+        (158, 158, 158),
+        (168, 168, 168),
+        (178, 178, 178),
+        (188, 188, 188),
+        (198, 198, 198),
+        (208, 208, 208),
+        (218, 218, 218),
+        (228, 228, 228),
+        (238, 238, 238),
+    ]
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f6d8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def pick_bool(*values: Optional[bool]) -> bool:
+    """Pick the first non-none bool or return the last value.
+
+    Args:
+        *values (bool): Any number of boolean or None values.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: First non-none boolean.
+    """
+    assert values, "1 or more values required"
+    for value in values:
+        if value is not None:
+            return value
+    return bool(value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95267b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import sys
+from fractions import Fraction
+from math import ceil
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Sequence
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Protocol  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Edge(Protocol):
+    """Any object that defines an edge (such as Layout)."""
+
+    size: Optional[int] = None
+    ratio: int = 1
+    minimum_size: int = 1
+
+
+def ratio_resolve(total: int, edges: Sequence[Edge]) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide total space to satisfy size, ratio, and minimum_size, constraints.
+
+    The returned list of integers should add up to total in most cases, unless it is
+    impossible to satisfy all the constraints. For instance, if there are two edges
+    with a minimum size of 20 each and `total` is 30 then the returned list will be
+    greater than total. In practice, this would mean that a Layout object would
+    clip the rows that would overflow the screen height.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): Total number of characters.
+        edges (List[Edge]): Edges within total space.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: Number of characters for each edge.
+    """
+    # Size of edge or None for yet to be determined
+    sizes = [(edge.size or None) for edge in edges]
+
+    _Fraction = Fraction
+
+    # While any edges haven't been calculated
+    while None in sizes:
+        # Get flexible edges and index to map these back on to sizes list
+        flexible_edges = [
+            (index, edge)
+            for index, (size, edge) in enumerate(zip(sizes, edges))
+            if size is None
+        ]
+        # Remaining space in total
+        remaining = total - sum(size or 0 for size in sizes)
+        if remaining <= 0:
+            # No room for flexible edges
+            return [
+                ((edge.minimum_size or 1) if size is None else size)
+                for size, edge in zip(sizes, edges)
+            ]
+        # Calculate number of characters in a ratio portion
+        portion = _Fraction(
+            remaining, sum((edge.ratio or 1) for _, edge in flexible_edges)
+        )
+
+        # If any edges will be less than their minimum, replace size with the minimum
+        for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+            if portion * edge.ratio <= edge.minimum_size:
+                sizes[index] = edge.minimum_size
+                # New fixed size will invalidate calculations, so we need to repeat the process
+                break
+        else:
+            # Distribute flexible space and compensate for rounding error
+            # Since edge sizes can only be integers we need to add the remainder
+            # to the following line
+            remainder = _Fraction(0)
+            for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+                size, remainder = divmod(portion * edge.ratio + remainder, 1)
+                sizes[index] = size
+            break
+    # Sizes now contains integers only
+    return cast(List[int], sizes)
+
+
+def ratio_reduce(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], maximums: List[int], values: List[int]
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        maximums (List[int]): List of maximums values for each slot.
+        values (List[int]): List of values
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    ratios = [ratio if _max else 0 for ratio, _max in zip(ratios, maximums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    if not total_ratio:
+        return values[:]
+    total_remaining = total
+    result: List[int] = []
+    append = result.append
+    for ratio, maximum, value in zip(ratios, maximums, values):
+        if ratio and total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = min(maximum, round(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+            append(value - distributed)
+            total_remaining -= distributed
+            total_ratio -= ratio
+        else:
+            append(value)
+    return result
+
+
+def ratio_distribute(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], minimums: Optional[List[int]] = None
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Distribute an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        minimums (List[int]): List of minimum values for each slot.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    if minimums:
+        ratios = [ratio if _min else 0 for ratio, _min in zip(ratios, minimums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    assert total_ratio > 0, "Sum of ratios must be > 0"
+
+    total_remaining = total
+    distributed_total: List[int] = []
+    append = distributed_total.append
+    if minimums is None:
+        _minimums = [0] * len(ratios)
+    else:
+        _minimums = minimums
+    for ratio, minimum in zip(ratios, _minimums):
+        if total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = max(minimum, ceil(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+        else:
+            distributed = total_remaining
+        append(distributed)
+        total_ratio -= ratio
+        total_remaining -= distributed
+    return distributed_total
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+    @dataclass
+    class E:
+        size: Optional[int] = None
+        ratio: int = 1
+        minimum_size: int = 1
+
+    resolved = ratio_resolve(110, [E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1)])
+    print(sum(resolved))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0bb1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+"""
+Spinners are from:
+* cli-spinners:
+    MIT License
+    Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+    the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+    subject to the following conditions:
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+    PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+    ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+    IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+SPINNERS = {
+    "dots": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏",
+    },
+    "dots2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⣾⣽⣻⢿⡿⣟⣯⣷"},
+    "dots3": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠞⠖⠦⠴⠲⠳⠓",
+    },
+    "dots4": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠄⠆⠇⠋⠙⠸⠰⠠⠰⠸⠙⠋⠇⠆",
+    },
+    "dots5": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋",
+    },
+    "dots6": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠴⠲⠒⠂⠂⠒⠚⠙⠉⠁",
+    },
+    "dots7": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠈⠉⠋⠓⠒⠐⠐⠒⠖⠦⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈",
+    },
+    "dots8": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈⠈",
+    },
+    "dots9": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢹⢺⢼⣸⣇⡧⡗⡏"},
+    "dots10": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢄⢂⢁⡁⡈⡐⡠"},
+    "dots11": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⡀⢀⠠⠐⠈"},
+    "dots12": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "⢀⠀",
+            "⡀⠀",
+            "⠄⠀",
+            "⢂⠀",
+            "⡂⠀",
+            "⠅⠀",
+            "⢃⠀",
+            "⡃⠀",
+            "⠍⠀",
+            "⢋⠀",
+            "⡋⠀",
+            "⠍⠁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⢈⠩",
+            "⡀⢙",
+            "⠄⡙",
+            "⢂⠩",
+            "⡂⢘",
+            "⠅⡘",
+            "⢃⠨",
+            "⡃⢐",
+            "⠍⡐",
+            "⢋⠠",
+            "⡋⢀",
+            "⠍⡁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⠈⠩",
+            "⠀⢙",
+            "⠀⡙",
+            "⠀⠩",
+            "⠀⢘",
+            "⠀⡘",
+            "⠀⠨",
+            "⠀⢐",
+            "⠀⡐",
+            "⠀⠠",
+            "⠀⢀",
+            "⠀⡀",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dots8Bit": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠀⠁⠂⠃⠄⠅⠆⠇⡀⡁⡂⡃⡄⡅⡆⡇⠈⠉⠊⠋⠌⠍⠎⠏⡈⡉⡊⡋⡌⡍⡎⡏⠐⠑⠒⠓⠔⠕⠖⠗⡐⡑⡒⡓⡔⡕⡖⡗⠘⠙⠚⠛⠜⠝⠞⠟⡘⡙"
+        "⡚⡛⡜⡝⡞⡟⠠⠡⠢⠣⠤⠥⠦⠧⡠⡡⡢⡣⡤⡥⡦⡧⠨⠩⠪⠫⠬⠭⠮⠯⡨⡩⡪⡫⡬⡭⡮⡯⠰⠱⠲⠳⠴⠵⠶⠷⡰⡱⡲⡳⡴⡵⡶⡷⠸⠹⠺⠻"
+        "⠼⠽⠾⠿⡸⡹⡺⡻⡼⡽⡾⡿⢀⢁⢂⢃⢄⢅⢆⢇⣀⣁⣂⣃⣄⣅⣆⣇⢈⢉⢊⢋⢌⢍⢎⢏⣈⣉⣊⣋⣌⣍⣎⣏⢐⢑⢒⢓⢔⢕⢖⢗⣐⣑⣒⣓⣔⣕"
+        "⣖⣗⢘⢙⢚⢛⢜⢝⢞⢟⣘⣙⣚⣛⣜⣝⣞⣟⢠⢡⢢⢣⢤⢥⢦⢧⣠⣡⣢⣣⣤⣥⣦⣧⢨⢩⢪⢫⢬⢭⢮⢯⣨⣩⣪⣫⣬⣭⣮⣯⢰⢱⢲⢳⢴⢵⢶⢷"
+        "⣰⣱⣲⣳⣴⣵⣶⣷⢸⢹⢺⢻⢼⢽⢾⢿⣸⣹⣺⣻⣼⣽⣾⣿",
+    },
+    "line": {"interval": 130, "frames": ["-", "\\", "|", "/"]},
+    "line2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠂-–—–-"},
+    "pipe": {"interval": 100, "frames": "┤┘┴└├┌┬┐"},
+    "simpleDots": {"interval": 400, "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", "   "]},
+    "simpleDotsScrolling": {
+        "interval": 200,
+        "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", " ..", "  .", "   "],
+    },
+    "star": {"interval": 70, "frames": "✶✸✹✺✹✷"},
+    "star2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "+x*"},
+    "flip": {
+        "interval": 70,
+        "frames": "___-``'´-___",
+    },
+    "hamburger": {"interval": 100, "frames": "☱☲☴"},
+    "growVertical": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▁▃▄▅▆▇▆▅▄▃",
+    },
+    "growHorizontal": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▏▎▍▌▋▊▉▊▋▌▍▎",
+    },
+    "balloon": {"interval": 140, "frames": " .oO@* "},
+    "balloon2": {"interval": 120, "frames": ".oO°Oo."},
+    "noise": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▓▒░"},
+    "bounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⠂"},
+    "boxBounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "▖▘▝▗"},
+    "boxBounce2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▌▀▐▄"},
+    "triangle": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◢◣◤◥"},
+    "arc": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◜◠◝◞◡◟"},
+    "circle": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◡⊙◠"},
+    "squareCorners": {"interval": 180, "frames": "◰◳◲◱"},
+    "circleQuarters": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◴◷◶◵"},
+    "circleHalves": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◐◓◑◒"},
+    "squish": {"interval": 100, "frames": "╫╪"},
+    "toggle": {"interval": 250, "frames": "⊶⊷"},
+    "toggle2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "▫▪"},
+    "toggle3": {"interval": 120, "frames": "□■"},
+    "toggle4": {"interval": 100, "frames": "■□▪▫"},
+    "toggle5": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▮▯"},
+    "toggle6": {"interval": 300, "frames": "ဝ၀"},
+    "toggle7": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⦾⦿"},
+    "toggle8": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◍◌"},
+    "toggle9": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◉◎"},
+    "toggle10": {"interval": 100, "frames": "㊂㊀㊁"},
+    "toggle11": {"interval": 50, "frames": "⧇⧆"},
+    "toggle12": {"interval": 120, "frames": "☗☖"},
+    "toggle13": {"interval": 80, "frames": "=*-"},
+    "arrow": {"interval": 100, "frames": "←↖↑↗→↘↓↙"},
+    "arrow2": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["⬆️ ", "↗️ ", "➡️ ", "↘️ ", "⬇️ ", "↙️ ", "⬅️ ", "↖️ "],
+    },
+    "arrow3": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": ["▹▹▹▹▹", "▸▹▹▹▹", "▹▸▹▹▹", "▹▹▸▹▹", "▹▹▹▸▹", "▹▹▹▹▸"],
+    },
+    "bouncingBar": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "[    ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[    ]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[====]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+        ],
+    },
+    "bouncingBall": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(     ●)",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(●     )",
+        ],
+    },
+    "smiley": {"interval": 200, "frames": ["😄 ", "😝 "]},
+    "monkey": {"interval": 300, "frames": ["🙈 ", "🙈 ", "🙉 ", "🙊 "]},
+    "hearts": {"interval": 100, "frames": ["💛 ", "💙 ", "💜 ", "💚 ", "❤️ "]},
+    "clock": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "🕛 ",
+            "🕐 ",
+            "🕑 ",
+            "🕒 ",
+            "🕓 ",
+            "🕔 ",
+            "🕕 ",
+            "🕖 ",
+            "🕗 ",
+            "🕘 ",
+            "🕙 ",
+            "🕚 ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "earth": {"interval": 180, "frames": ["🌍 ", "🌎 ", "🌏 "]},
+    "material": {
+        "interval": 17,
+        "frames": [
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁██████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁██████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+        ],
+    },
+    "moon": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["🌑 ", "🌒 ", "🌓 ", "🌔 ", "🌕 ", "🌖 ", "🌗 ", "🌘 "],
+    },
+    "runner": {"interval": 140, "frames": ["🚶 ", "🏃 "]},
+    "pong": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐⠂       ▌",
+            "▐⠈       ▌",
+            "▐ ⠂      ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐  ⡀     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠠     ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠈    ▌",
+            "▐    ⠂   ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐     ⡀  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠠  ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠈ ▌",
+            "▐       ⠂▌",
+            "▐       ⠠▌",
+            "▐       ⡀▌",
+            "▐      ⠠ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐     ⠈  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠂  ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐    ⡀   ▌",
+            "▐   ⠠    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐  ⠈     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠂     ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐ ⡀      ▌",
+            "▐⠠       ▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "shark": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐|\\____________▌",
+            "▐_|\\___________▌",
+            "▐__|\\__________▌",
+            "▐___|\\_________▌",
+            "▐____|\\________▌",
+            "▐_____|\\_______▌",
+            "▐______|\\______▌",
+            "▐_______|\\_____▌",
+            "▐________|\\____▌",
+            "▐_________|\\___▌",
+            "▐__________|\\__▌",
+            "▐___________|\\_▌",
+            "▐____________|\\▌",
+            "▐____________/|▌",
+            "▐___________/|_▌",
+            "▐__________/|__▌",
+            "▐_________/|___▌",
+            "▐________/|____▌",
+            "▐_______/|_____▌",
+            "▐______/|______▌",
+            "▐_____/|_______▌",
+            "▐____/|________▌",
+            "▐___/|_________▌",
+            "▐__/|__________▌",
+            "▐_/|___________▌",
+            "▐/|____________▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dqpb": {"interval": 100, "frames": "dqpb"},
+    "weather": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "⛈ ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "christmas": {"interval": 400, "frames": "🌲🎄"},
+    "grenade": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "،   ",
+            "′   ",
+            " ´ ",
+            " ‾ ",
+            "  ⸌",
+            "  ⸊",
+            "  |",
+            "  ⁎",
+            "  ⁕",
+            " ෴ ",
+            "  ⁓",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "point": {"interval": 125, "frames": ["∙∙∙", "●∙∙", "∙●∙", "∙∙●", "∙∙∙"]},
+    "layer": {"interval": 150, "frames": "-=≡"},
+    "betaWave": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "ρββββββ",
+            "βρβββββ",
+            "ββρββββ",
+            "βββρβββ",
+            "ββββρββ",
+            "βββββρβ",
+            "ββββββρ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "aesthetic": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▰",
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+        ],
+    },
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..194564e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import List, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Stack(List[T]):
+    """A small shim over builtin list."""
+
+    @property
+    def top(self) -> T:
+        """Get top of stack."""
+        return self[-1]
+
+    def push(self, item: T) -> None:
+        """Push an item on to the stack (append in stack nomenclature)."""
+        self.append(item)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ca6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Timer context manager, only used in debug.
+
+"""
+
+from time import time
+
+import contextlib
+from typing import Generator
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def timer(subject: str = "time") -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """print the elapsed time. (only used in debugging)"""
+    start = time()
+    yield
+    elapsed = time() - start
+    elapsed_ms = elapsed * 1000
+    print(f"{subject} elapsed {elapsed_ms:.1f}ms")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81b1082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+"""Light wrapper around the Win32 Console API - this module should only be imported on Windows
+
+The API that this module wraps is documented at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-functions
+"""
+import ctypes
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+windll: Any = None
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    windll = ctypes.LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+else:
+    raise ImportError(f"{__name__} can only be imported on Windows")
+
+import time
+from ctypes import Structure, byref, wintypes
+from typing import IO, NamedTuple, Type, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import ColorSystem
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+STDOUT = -11
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 4
+
+COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class WindowsCoordinates(NamedTuple):
+    """Coordinates in the Windows Console API are (y, x), not (x, y).
+    This class is intended to prevent that confusion.
+    Rows and columns are indexed from 0.
+    This class can be used in place of wintypes._COORD in arguments and argtypes.
+    """
+
+    row: int
+    col: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_param(cls, value: "WindowsCoordinates") -> COORD:
+        """Converts a WindowsCoordinates into a wintypes _COORD structure.
+        This classmethod is internally called by ctypes to perform the conversion.
+
+        Args:
+            value (WindowsCoordinates): The input coordinates to convert.
+
+        Returns:
+            wintypes._COORD: The converted coordinates struct.
+        """
+        return COORD(value.col, value.row)
+
+
+class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("dwSize", COORD),
+        ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+        ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+        ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+        ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+    ]
+
+
+class CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [("dwSize", wintypes.DWORD), ("bVisible", wintypes.BOOL)]
+
+
+_GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+_GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+]
+_GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+
+def GetStdHandle(handle: int = STDOUT) -> wintypes.HANDLE:
+    """Retrieves a handle to the specified standard device (standard input, standard output, or standard error).
+
+    Args:
+        handle (int): Integer identifier for the handle. Defaults to -11 (stdout).
+
+    Returns:
+        wintypes.HANDLE: The handle
+    """
+    return cast(wintypes.HANDLE, _GetStdHandle(handle))
+
+
+_GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+_GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [wintypes.HANDLE, wintypes.LPDWORD]
+_GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleMode(std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE) -> int:
+    """Retrieves the current input mode of a console's input buffer
+    or the current output mode of a console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Raises:
+        LegacyWindowsError: If any error occurs while calling the Windows console API.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Value representing the current console mode as documented at
+            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/getconsolemode#parameters
+    """
+
+    console_mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+    success = bool(_GetConsoleMode(std_handle, console_mode))
+    if not success:
+        raise LegacyWindowsError("Unable to get legacy Windows Console Mode")
+    return console_mode.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.c_char,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    char: str,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Writes a character to the console screen buffer a specified number of times, beginning at the specified coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        char (str): The character to write. Must be a string of length 1.
+        length (int): The number of times to write the character.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to start writing at.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of characters written.
+    """
+    character = ctypes.c_char(char.encode())
+    num_characters = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterW(
+        std_handle,
+        character,
+        num_characters,
+        start,
+        byref(num_written),
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    attributes: int,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Sets the character attributes for a specified number of character cells,
+    beginning at the specified coordinates in a screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours of the cells.
+        length (int): The number of cells to set the output attribute of.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates of the first cell whose attributes are to be set.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of cells whose attributes were actually set.
+    """
+    num_cells = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    style_attrs = wintypes.WORD(attributes)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+        std_handle, style_attrs, num_cells, start, byref(num_written)
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+]
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, attributes: wintypes.WORD
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the colour attributes for all text written after this function is called.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours.
+
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the attribute was set successfully, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTextAttribute(std_handle, attributes))
+
+
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+) -> CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO:
+    """Retrieves information about the specified console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Returns:
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO: A CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO ctype struct contain information about
+            screen size, cursor position, colour attributes, and more."""
+    console_screen_buffer_info = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(std_handle, byref(console_screen_buffer_info))
+    return console_screen_buffer_info
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, coords: WindowsCoordinates
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the position of the cursor in the console screen
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        coords (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to move the cursor to.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorPosition(std_handle, coords))
+
+
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCursorInfo
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Get the cursor info - used to get cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct that receives information
+            about the console's cursor.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_GetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorInfo
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the cursor info - used for adjusting cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct containing the new cursor info.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleTitle = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+_SetConsoleTitle.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR]
+_SetConsoleTitle.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTitle(title: str) -> bool:
+    """Sets the title of the current console window
+
+    Args:
+        title (str): The new title of the console window.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTitle(title))
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsTerm:
+    """This class allows interaction with the legacy Windows Console API. It should only be used in the context
+    of environments where virtual terminal processing is not available. However, if it is used in a Windows environment,
+    the entire API should work.
+
+    Args:
+        file (IO[str]): The file which the Windows Console API HANDLE is retrieved from, defaults to sys.stdout.
+    """
+
+    BRIGHT_BIT = 8
+
+    # Indices are ANSI color numbers, values are the corresponding Windows Console API color numbers
+    ANSI_TO_WINDOWS = [
+        0,  # black                      The Windows colours are defined in wincon.h as follows:
+        4,  # red                         define FOREGROUND_BLUE            0x0001 -- 0000 0001
+        2,  # green                       define FOREGROUND_GREEN           0x0002 -- 0000 0010
+        6,  # yellow                      define FOREGROUND_RED             0x0004 -- 0000 0100
+        1,  # blue                        define FOREGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0008 -- 0000 1000
+        5,  # magenta                     define BACKGROUND_BLUE            0x0010 -- 0001 0000
+        3,  # cyan                        define BACKGROUND_GREEN           0x0020 -- 0010 0000
+        7,  # white                       define BACKGROUND_RED             0x0040 -- 0100 0000
+        8,  # bright black (grey)         define BACKGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0080 -- 1000 0000
+        12,  # bright red
+        10,  # bright green
+        14,  # bright yellow
+        9,  # bright blue
+        13,  # bright magenta
+        11,  # bright cyan
+        15,  # bright white
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: "IO[str]") -> None:
+        handle = GetStdHandle(STDOUT)
+        self._handle = handle
+        default_text = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).wAttributes
+        self._default_text = default_text
+
+        self._default_fore = default_text & 7
+        self._default_back = (default_text >> 4) & 7
+        self._default_attrs = self._default_fore | (self._default_back << 4)
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.write = file.write
+        self.flush = file.flush
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_position(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current position of the cursor (0-based)
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The current cursor position.
+        """
+        coord: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwCursorPosition
+        return WindowsCoordinates(row=cast(int, coord.Y), col=cast(int, coord.X))
+
+    @property
+    def screen_size(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current size of the console screen buffer, in character columns and rows
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The width and height of the screen as WindowsCoordinates.
+        """
+        screen_size: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwSize
+        return WindowsCoordinates(
+            row=cast(int, screen_size.Y), col=cast(int, screen_size.X)
+        )
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Write text directly to the terminal without any modification of styles
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write to the console
+        """
+        self.write(text)
+        self.flush()
+
+    def write_styled(self, text: str, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Write styled text to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write
+            style (Style): The style of the text
+        """
+        color = style.color
+        bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+        if style.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+
+        if color:
+            fore = color.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            fore = fore if fore is not None else 7  # Default to ANSI 7: White
+            if style.bold:
+                fore = fore | self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            if style.dim:
+                fore = fore & ~self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            fore = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[fore]
+        else:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+
+        if bgcolor:
+            back = bgcolor.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            back = back if back is not None else 0  # Default to ANSI 0: Black
+            back = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[back]
+        else:
+            back = self._default_back
+
+        assert fore is not None
+        assert back is not None
+
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+            self._handle, attributes=ctypes.c_ushort(fore | (back << 4))
+        )
+        self.write_text(text)
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(self._handle, attributes=self._default_text)
+
+    def move_cursor_to(self, new_position: WindowsCoordinates) -> None:
+        """Set the position of the cursor
+
+        Args:
+            new_position (WindowsCoordinates): The WindowsCoordinates representing the new position of the cursor.
+        """
+        if new_position.col < 0 or new_position.row < 0:
+            return
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=new_position)
+
+    def erase_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content on the line the cursor is currently located at"""
+        screen_size = self.screen_size
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = screen_size.col
+        start_coordinates = WindowsCoordinates(row=cursor_position.row, col=0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=start_coordinates
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=start_coordinates,
+        )
+
+    def erase_end_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the end of that line"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = self.screen_size.col - cursor_position.col
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=cursor_position
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=cursor_position,
+        )
+
+    def erase_start_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the start of that line"""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        start = WindowsCoordinates(row, 0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(self._handle, " ", length=col, start=start)
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle, self._default_attrs, length=col, start=start
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor up a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row - 1, col=cursor_position.col
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor down a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row + 1,
+                col=cursor_position.col,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_forward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor forward a single cell. Wrap to the next line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == self.screen_size.col - 1:
+            row += 1
+            col = 0
+        else:
+            col += 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_to_column(self, column: int) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the column specified by the zero-based column index, staying on the same row
+
+        Args:
+            column (int): The zero-based column index to move the cursor to.
+        """
+        row, _ = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row, column))
+
+    def move_cursor_backward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor backward a single cell. Wrap to the previous line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == 0:
+            row -= 1
+            col = self.screen_size.col - 1
+        else:
+            col -= 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def hide_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Hide the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        invisible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=0)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=invisible_cursor)
+
+    def show_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Show the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        visible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=1)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=visible_cursor)
+
+    def set_title(self, title: str) -> None:
+        """Set the title of the terminal window
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the console window
+        """
+        assert len(title) < 255, "Console title must be less than 255 characters"
+        SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+    def _get_cursor_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the percentage of the character cell that is filled by the cursor"""
+        cursor_info = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO()
+        GetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=cursor_info)
+        return int(cursor_info.dwSize)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    handle = GetStdHandle()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    term = LegacyWindowsTerm(sys.stdout)
+    term.set_title("Win32 Console Examples")
+
+    style = Style(color="black", bgcolor="red")
+
+    heading = Style.parse("black on green")
+
+    # Check colour output
+    console.rule("Checking colour output")
+    console.print("[on red]on red!")
+    console.print("[blue]blue!")
+    console.print("[yellow]yellow!")
+    console.print("[bold yellow]bold yellow!")
+    console.print("[bright_yellow]bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[dim bright_yellow]dim bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[italic cyan]italic cyan!")
+    console.print("[bold white on blue]bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[reverse bold white on blue]reverse bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[bold black on cyan]bold black on cyan!")
+    console.print("[black on green]black on green!")
+    console.print("[blue on green]blue on green!")
+    console.print("[white on black]white on black!")
+    console.print("[black on white]black on white!")
+    console.print("[#1BB152 on #DA812D]#1BB152 on #DA812D!")
+
+    # Check cursor movement
+    console.rule("Checking cursor movement")
+    console.print()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("went back and wrapped to prev line")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.write_text("we go up")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.write_text("and down")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went up and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went down and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    # Check erasing of lines
+    term.hide_cursor()
+    console.print()
+    console.rule("Checking line erasing")
+    console.print("\n...Deleting to the start of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled("<", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_start_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...And to the end of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled(">", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_end_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...Now the whole line will be erased...")
+    term.write_styled("I'm going to disappear!", style=Style.parse("black on cyan"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_line()
+
+    term.show_cursor()
+    print("\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7520a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+    """Windows features available."""
+
+    vt: bool = False
+    """The console supports VT codes."""
+    truecolor: bool = False
+    """The console supports truecolor."""
+
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    else:
+        windll = None
+        raise ImportError("Not windows")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import (
+        ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        GetConsoleMode,
+        GetStdHandle,
+        LegacyWindowsError,
+    )
+
+except (AttributeError, ImportError, ValueError):
+    # Fallback if we can't load the Windows DLL
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures()
+        return features
+
+else:
+
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        """Get windows console features.
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsConsoleFeatures: An instance of WindowsConsoleFeatures.
+        """
+        handle = GetStdHandle()
+        try:
+            console_mode = GetConsoleMode(handle)
+            success = True
+        except LegacyWindowsError:
+            console_mode = 0
+            success = False
+        vt = bool(success and console_mode & ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+        truecolor = False
+        if vt:
+            win_version = sys.getwindowsversion()
+            truecolor = win_version.major > 10 or (
+                win_version.major == 10 and win_version.build >= 15063
+            )
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures(vt=vt, truecolor=truecolor)
+        return features
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import platform
+
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+    print(repr(features))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ece056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm, WindowsCoordinates
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+
+def legacy_windows_render(buffer: Iterable[Segment], term: LegacyWindowsTerm) -> None:
+    """Makes appropriate Windows Console API calls based on the segments in the buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        buffer (Iterable[Segment]): Iterable of Segments to convert to Win32 API calls.
+        term (LegacyWindowsTerm): Used to call the Windows Console API.
+    """
+    for text, style, control in buffer:
+        if not control:
+            if style:
+                term.write_styled(text, style)
+            else:
+                term.write_text(text)
+        else:
+            control_codes: Sequence[ControlCode] = control
+            for control_code in control_codes:
+                control_type = control_code[0]
+                if control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO:
+                    _, x, y = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(row=y - 1, col=x - 1))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN:
+                    term.write_text("\r")
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HOME:
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(0, 0))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_UP:
+                    term.move_cursor_up()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN:
+                    term.move_cursor_down()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_forward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_backward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN:
+                    _, column = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to_column(column - 1)
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR:
+                    term.hide_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR:
+                    term.show_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE:
+                    _, mode = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    if mode == 0:
+                        term.erase_end_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 1:
+                        term.erase_start_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 2:
+                        term.erase_line()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE:
+                    _, title = cast(Tuple[ControlType, str], control_code)
+                    term.set_title(title)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e94ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Iterable
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .cells import cell_len, chop_cells
+
+re_word = re.compile(r"\s*\S+\s*")
+
+
+def words(text: str) -> Iterable[tuple[int, int, str]]:
+    """Yields each word from the text as a tuple
+    containing (start_index, end_index, word). A "word" in this context may
+    include the actual word and any whitespace to the right.
+    """
+    position = 0
+    word_match = re_word.match(text, position)
+    while word_match is not None:
+        start, end = word_match.span()
+        word = word_match.group(0)
+        yield start, end, word
+        word_match = re_word.match(text, end)
+
+
+def divide_line(text: str, width: int, fold: bool = True) -> list[int]:
+    """Given a string of text, and a width (measured in cells), return a list
+    of cell offsets which the string should be split at in order for it to fit
+    within the given width.
+
+    Args:
+        text: The text to examine.
+        width: The available cell width.
+        fold: If True, words longer than `width` will be folded onto a new line.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of indices to break the line at.
+    """
+    break_positions: list[int] = []  # offsets to insert the breaks at
+    append = break_positions.append
+    cell_offset = 0
+    _cell_len = cell_len
+
+    for start, _end, word in words(text):
+        word_length = _cell_len(word.rstrip())
+        remaining_space = width - cell_offset
+        word_fits_remaining_space = remaining_space >= word_length
+
+        if word_fits_remaining_space:
+            # Simplest case - the word fits within the remaining width for this line.
+            cell_offset += _cell_len(word)
+        else:
+            # Not enough space remaining for this word on the current line.
+            if word_length > width:
+                # The word doesn't fit on any line, so we can't simply
+                # place it on the next line...
+                if fold:
+                    # Fold the word across multiple lines.
+                    folded_word = chop_cells(word, width=width)
+                    for last, line in loop_last(folded_word):
+                        if start:
+                            append(start)
+                        if last:
+                            cell_offset = _cell_len(line)
+                        else:
+                            start += len(line)
+                else:
+                    # Folding isn't allowed, so crop the word.
+                    if start:
+                        append(start)
+                    cell_offset = _cell_len(word)
+            elif cell_offset and start:
+                # The word doesn't fit within the remaining space on the current
+                # line, but it *can* fit on to the next (empty) line.
+                append(start)
+                cell_offset = _cell_len(word)
+
+    return break_positions
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(width=10)
+    console.print("12345 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 12345")
+    print(chop_cells("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 10))
+
+    console = Console(width=20)
+    console.rule()
+    console.print("TextualはPythonの高速アプリケーション開発フレームワークです")
+
+    console.rule()
+    console.print("アプリケーションは1670万色を使用でき")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e498e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from abc import ABC
+
+
+class RichRenderable(ABC):
+    """An abstract base class for Rich renderables.
+
+    Note that there is no need to extend this class, the intended use is to check if an
+    object supports the Rich renderable protocol. For example::
+
+        if isinstance(my_object, RichRenderable):
+            console.print(my_object)
+
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, other: type) -> bool:
+        """Check if this class supports the rich render protocol."""
+        return hasattr(other, "__rich_console__") or hasattr(other, "__rich__")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    t = Text()
+    print(isinstance(Text, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance(t, RichRenderable))
+
+    class Foo:
+        pass
+
+    f = Foo()
+    print(isinstance(f, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance("", RichRenderable))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7b734f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+AlignMethod = Literal["left", "center", "right"]
+VerticalAlignMethod = Literal["top", "middle", "bottom"]
+
+
+class Align(JupyterMixin):
+    """Align a renderable by adding spaces if necessary.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable.
+        align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right""
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the background.
+        vertical (Optional[VerticalAlignMethod], optional): Optional vertical align, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to None.
+        pad (bool, optional): Pad the right with spaces. Defaults to True.
+        width (int, optional): Restrict contents to given width, or None to use default width. Defaults to None.
+        height (int, optional): Set height of align renderable, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: if ``align`` is not one of the expected values.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        align: AlignMethod = "left",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", or "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        if vertical is not None and vertical not in ("top", "middle", "bottom"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for vertical, expected "top", "middle", or "bottom" (not {vertical!r})'
+            )
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.align = align
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical = vertical
+        self.pad = pad
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Align({self.renderable!r}, {self.align!r})"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def left(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the left."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "left",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def center(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the center."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "center",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def right(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the right."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "right",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        align = self.align
+        width = console.measure(self.renderable, options=options).maximum
+        rendered = console.render(
+            Constrain(
+                self.renderable, width if self.width is None else min(width, self.width)
+            ),
+            options.update(height=None),
+        )
+        lines = list(Segment.split_lines(rendered))
+        width, height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        excess_space = options.max_width - width
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+
+        def generate_segments() -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if excess_space <= 0:
+                # Exact fit
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "left":
+                # Pad on the right
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style) if self.pad else None
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "center":
+                # Pad left and right
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                pad = Segment(" " * left, style)
+                pad_right = (
+                    Segment(" " * (excess_space - left), style) if self.pad else None
+                )
+                for line in lines:
+                    if left:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad_right:
+                        yield pad_right
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "right":
+                # Padding on left
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style)
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+        blank_line = (
+            Segment(f"{' ' * (self.width or options.max_width)}\n", style)
+            if self.pad
+            else Segment("\n")
+        )
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if count > 0:
+                for _ in range(count):
+                    yield blank_line
+
+        vertical_height = self.height or options.height
+        iter_segments: Iterable[Segment]
+        if self.vertical and vertical_height is not None:
+            if self.vertical == "top":
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(generate_segments(), blank_lines(bottom_space))
+            elif self.vertical == "middle":
+                top_space = (vertical_height - height) // 2
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - top_space - height
+                iter_segments = chain(
+                    blank_lines(top_space),
+                    generate_segments(),
+                    blank_lines(bottom_space),
+                )
+            else:  #  self.vertical == "bottom":
+                top_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(blank_lines(top_space), generate_segments())
+        else:
+            iter_segments = generate_segments()
+        if self.style:
+            style = console.get_style(self.style)
+            iter_segments = Segment.apply_style(iter_segments, style)
+        yield from iter_segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+class VerticalCenter(JupyterMixin):
+    """Vertically aligns a renderable.
+
+    Warn:
+        This class is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. Use Align class with
+        `vertical="middle"`.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"VerticalCenter({self.renderable!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, options.update(height=None), pad=False
+        )
+        width, _height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        top_space = (height - len(lines)) // 2
+        bottom_space = height - top_space - len(lines)
+        blank_line = Segment(f"{' ' * width}", style)
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            for _ in range(count):
+                yield blank_line
+                yield new_line
+
+        if top_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(top_space)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield from line
+            yield new_line
+        if bottom_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(bottom_space)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    console = Console()
+
+    panel = Panel(
+        Group(
+            Align.left(highlighter("align='left'")),
+            Align.center(highlighter("align='center'")),
+            Align.right(highlighter("align='right'")),
+        ),
+        width=60,
+        style="on dark_blue",
+        title="Align",
+    )
+
+    console.print(
+        Align.center(panel, vertical="middle", style="on red", height=console.height)
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66365e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Iterable, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from .color import Color
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+re_ansi = re.compile(
+    r"""
+(?:\x1b\](.*?)\x1b\\)|
+(?:\x1b([(@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]))
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class _AnsiToken(NamedTuple):
+    """Result of ansi tokenized string."""
+
+    plain: str = ""
+    sgr: Optional[str] = ""
+    osc: Optional[str] = ""
+
+
+def _ansi_tokenize(ansi_text: str) -> Iterable[_AnsiToken]:
+    """Tokenize a string in to plain text and ANSI codes.
+
+    Args:
+        ansi_text (str): A String containing ANSI codes.
+
+    Yields:
+        AnsiToken: A named tuple of (plain, sgr, osc)
+    """
+
+    position = 0
+    sgr: Optional[str]
+    osc: Optional[str]
+    for match in re_ansi.finditer(ansi_text):
+        start, end = match.span(0)
+        osc, sgr = match.groups()
+        if start > position:
+            yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:start])
+        if sgr:
+            if sgr == "(":
+                position = end + 1
+                continue
+            if sgr.endswith("m"):
+                yield _AnsiToken("", sgr[1:-1], osc)
+        else:
+            yield _AnsiToken("", sgr, osc)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(ansi_text):
+        yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:])
+
+
+SGR_STYLE_MAP = {
+    1: "bold",
+    2: "dim",
+    3: "italic",
+    4: "underline",
+    5: "blink",
+    6: "blink2",
+    7: "reverse",
+    8: "conceal",
+    9: "strike",
+    21: "underline2",
+    22: "not dim not bold",
+    23: "not italic",
+    24: "not underline",
+    25: "not blink",
+    26: "not blink2",
+    27: "not reverse",
+    28: "not conceal",
+    29: "not strike",
+    30: "color(0)",
+    31: "color(1)",
+    32: "color(2)",
+    33: "color(3)",
+    34: "color(4)",
+    35: "color(5)",
+    36: "color(6)",
+    37: "color(7)",
+    39: "default",
+    40: "on color(0)",
+    41: "on color(1)",
+    42: "on color(2)",
+    43: "on color(3)",
+    44: "on color(4)",
+    45: "on color(5)",
+    46: "on color(6)",
+    47: "on color(7)",
+    49: "on default",
+    51: "frame",
+    52: "encircle",
+    53: "overline",
+    54: "not frame not encircle",
+    55: "not overline",
+    90: "color(8)",
+    91: "color(9)",
+    92: "color(10)",
+    93: "color(11)",
+    94: "color(12)",
+    95: "color(13)",
+    96: "color(14)",
+    97: "color(15)",
+    100: "on color(8)",
+    101: "on color(9)",
+    102: "on color(10)",
+    103: "on color(11)",
+    104: "on color(12)",
+    105: "on color(13)",
+    106: "on color(14)",
+    107: "on color(15)",
+}
+
+
+class AnsiDecoder:
+    """Translate ANSI code in to styled Text."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.style = Style.null()
+
+    def decode(self, terminal_text: str) -> Iterable[Text]:
+        """Decode ANSI codes in an iterable of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[str]): An iterable of lines of terminal output.
+
+        Yields:
+            Text: Marked up Text.
+        """
+        for line in terminal_text.splitlines():
+            yield self.decode_line(line)
+
+    def decode_line(self, line: str) -> Text:
+        """Decode a line containing ansi codes.
+
+        Args:
+            line (str): A line of terminal output.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance marked up according to ansi codes.
+        """
+        from_ansi = Color.from_ansi
+        from_rgb = Color.from_rgb
+        _Style = Style
+        text = Text()
+        append = text.append
+        line = line.rsplit("\r", 1)[-1]
+        for plain_text, sgr, osc in _ansi_tokenize(line):
+            if plain_text:
+                append(plain_text, self.style or None)
+            elif osc is not None:
+                if osc.startswith("8;"):
+                    _params, semicolon, link = osc[2:].partition(";")
+                    if semicolon:
+                        self.style = self.style.update_link(link or None)
+            elif sgr is not None:
+                # Translate in to semi-colon separated codes
+                # Ignore invalid codes, because we want to be lenient
+                codes = [
+                    min(255, int(_code) if _code else 0)
+                    for _code in sgr.split(";")
+                    if _code.isdigit() or _code == ""
+                ]
+                iter_codes = iter(codes)
+                for code in iter_codes:
+                    if code == 0:
+                        # reset
+                        self.style = _Style.null()
+                    elif code in SGR_STYLE_MAP:
+                        # styles
+                        self.style += _Style.parse(SGR_STYLE_MAP[code])
+                    elif code == 38:
+                        #  Foreground
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    )
+                                )
+                    elif code == 48:
+                        # Background
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None, from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None,
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    ),
+                                )
+
+        return text
+
+
+if sys.platform != "win32" and __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import io
+    import os
+    import pty
+    import sys
+
+    decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    stdout = io.BytesIO()
+
+    def read(fd: int) -> bytes:
+        data = os.read(fd, 1024)
+        stdout.write(data)
+        return data
+
+    pty.spawn(sys.argv[1:], read)
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    stdout_result = stdout.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+    print(stdout_result)
+
+    for line in decoder.decode(stdout_result):
+        console.print(line)
+
+    console.save_html("stdout.html")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022284b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .color import Color
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+
+# There are left-aligned characters for 1/8 to 7/8, but
+# the right-aligned characters exist only for 1/8 and 4/8.
+BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = ["█", "█", "█", "▐", "▐", "▐", "▕", "▕"]
+END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = [" ", "▏", "▎", "▍", "▌", "▋", "▊", "▉"]
+FULL_BLOCK = "█"
+
+
+class Bar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a solid block bar.
+
+    Args:
+        size (float): Value for the end of the bar.
+        begin (float): Begin point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        end (float): End point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of the bar. Defaults to "default".
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of bar background. Defaults to "default".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: float,
+        begin: float,
+        end: float,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        color: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+        bgcolor: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.begin = max(begin, 0)
+        self.end = min(end, size)
+        self.width = width
+        self.style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bar({self.size}, {self.begin}, {self.end})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = min(
+            self.width if self.width is not None else options.max_width,
+            options.max_width,
+        )
+
+        if self.begin >= self.end:
+            yield Segment(" " * width, self.style)
+            yield Segment.line()
+            return
+
+        prefix_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.begin / self.size)
+        prefix_bar_count = prefix_complete_eights // 8
+        prefix_eights_count = prefix_complete_eights % 8
+
+        body_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.end / self.size)
+        body_bar_count = body_complete_eights // 8
+        body_eights_count = body_complete_eights % 8
+
+        # When start and end fall into the same cell, we ideally should render
+        # a symbol that's "center-aligned", but there is no good symbol in Unicode.
+        # In this case, we fall back to right-aligned block symbol for simplicity.
+
+        prefix = " " * prefix_bar_count
+        if prefix_eights_count:
+            prefix += BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[prefix_eights_count]
+
+        body = FULL_BLOCK * body_bar_count
+        if body_eights_count:
+            body += END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[body_eights_count]
+
+        suffix = " " * (width - len(body))
+
+        yield Segment(prefix + body[len(prefix) :] + suffix, self.style)
+        yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0511a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleOptions
+
+
+class Box:
+    """Defines characters to render boxes.
+
+    ┌─┬┐ top
+    │ ││ head
+    ├─┼┤ head_row
+    │ ││ mid
+    ├─┼┤ row
+    ├─┼┤ foot_row
+    │ ││ foot
+    └─┴┘ bottom
+
+    Args:
+        box (str): Characters making up box.
+        ascii (bool, optional): True if this box uses ascii characters only. Default is False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, box: str, *, ascii: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._box = box
+        self.ascii = ascii
+        line1, line2, line3, line4, line5, line6, line7, line8 = box.splitlines()
+        # top
+        self.top_left, self.top, self.top_divider, self.top_right = iter(line1)
+        # head
+        self.head_left, _, self.head_vertical, self.head_right = iter(line2)
+        # head_row
+        (
+            self.head_row_left,
+            self.head_row_horizontal,
+            self.head_row_cross,
+            self.head_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line3)
+
+        # mid
+        self.mid_left, _, self.mid_vertical, self.mid_right = iter(line4)
+        # row
+        self.row_left, self.row_horizontal, self.row_cross, self.row_right = iter(line5)
+        # foot_row
+        (
+            self.foot_row_left,
+            self.foot_row_horizontal,
+            self.foot_row_cross,
+            self.foot_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line6)
+        # foot
+        self.foot_left, _, self.foot_vertical, self.foot_right = iter(line7)
+        # bottom
+        self.bottom_left, self.bottom, self.bottom_divider, self.bottom_right = iter(
+            line8
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Box(...)"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._box
+
+    def substitute(self, options: "ConsoleOptions", safe: bool = True) -> "Box":
+        """Substitute this box for another if it won't render due to platform issues.
+
+        Args:
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options used in rendering.
+            safe (bool, optional): Substitute this for another Box if there are known problems
+                displaying on the platform (currently only relevant on Windows). Default is True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: A different Box or the same Box.
+        """
+        box = self
+        if options.legacy_windows and safe:
+            box = LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(box, box)
+        if options.ascii_only and not box.ascii:
+            box = ASCII
+        return box
+
+    def get_plain_headed_box(self) -> "Box":
+        """If this box uses special characters for the borders of the header, then
+        return the equivalent box that does not.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: The most similar Box that doesn't use header-specific box characters.
+                If the current Box already satisfies this criterion, then it's returned.
+        """
+        return PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(self, self)
+
+    def get_top(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.top_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.top * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.top_divider)
+        append(self.top_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_row(
+        self,
+        widths: Iterable[int],
+        level: Literal["head", "row", "foot", "mid"] = "row",
+        edge: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            width (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+        if level == "head":
+            left = self.head_row_left
+            horizontal = self.head_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.head_row_cross
+            right = self.head_row_right
+        elif level == "row":
+            left = self.row_left
+            horizontal = self.row_horizontal
+            cross = self.row_cross
+            right = self.row_right
+        elif level == "mid":
+            left = self.mid_left
+            horizontal = " "
+            cross = self.mid_vertical
+            right = self.mid_right
+        elif level == "foot":
+            left = self.foot_row_left
+            horizontal = self.foot_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.foot_row_cross
+            right = self.foot_row_right
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("level must be 'head', 'row' or 'foot'")
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        if edge:
+            append(left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(horizontal * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(cross)
+        if edge:
+            append(right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_bottom(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the bottom of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.bottom_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.bottom * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.bottom_divider)
+        append(self.bottom_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+
+# fmt: off
+ASCII: Box = Box(
+    "+--+\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "|-+|\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "|-+|\n"
+    "|-+|\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+--+\n",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII2: Box = Box(
+    "+-++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+-++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+-++\n"
+    "+-++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+-++\n",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "+-++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+=++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+-++\n"
+    "+-++\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "+-++\n",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+SQUARE: Box = Box(
+    "┌─┬┐\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "└─┴┘\n"
+)
+
+SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "┌─┬┐\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "╞═╪╡\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "└─┴┘\n"
+)
+
+MINIMAL: Box = Box(
+    "  ╷ \n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "╶─┼╴\n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "╶─┼╴\n"
+    "╶─┼╴\n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "  ╵ \n"
+)
+
+
+MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "  ╷ \n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "╺━┿╸\n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "╶─┼╴\n"
+    "╶─┼╴\n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "  ╵ \n"
+)
+
+MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "  ╷ \n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    " ═╪ \n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    " ─┼ \n"
+    " ─┼ \n"
+    "  │ \n"
+    "  ╵ \n"
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE: Box = Box(
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+)
+
+SIMPLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE_HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ━━ \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ━━ \n"
+    "    \n"
+    "    \n"
+)
+
+
+HORIZONTALS: Box = Box(
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    " ── \n"
+    "    \n"
+    " ── \n"
+)
+
+ROUNDED: Box = Box(
+    "╭─┬╮\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "╰─┴╯\n"
+)
+
+HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    "┏━┳┓\n"
+    "┃ ┃┃\n"
+    "┣━╋┫\n"
+    "┃ ┃┃\n"
+    "┣━╋┫\n"
+    "┣━╋┫\n"
+    "┃ ┃┃\n"
+    "┗━┻┛\n"
+)
+
+HEAVY_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    "┏━┯┓\n"
+    "┃ │┃\n"
+    "┠─┼┨\n"
+    "┃ │┃\n"
+    "┠─┼┨\n"
+    "┠─┼┨\n"
+    "┃ │┃\n"
+    "┗━┷┛\n"
+)
+
+HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    "┏━┳┓\n"
+    "┃ ┃┃\n"
+    "┡━╇┩\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "├─┼┤\n"
+    "│ ││\n"
+    "└─┴┘\n"
+)
+
+DOUBLE: Box = Box(
+    "╔═╦╗\n"
+    "║ ║║\n"
+    "╠═╬╣\n"
+    "║ ║║\n"
+    "╠═╬╣\n"
+    "╠═╬╣\n"
+    "║ ║║\n"
+    "╚═╩╝\n"
+)
+
+DOUBLE_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    "╔═╤╗\n"
+    "║ │║\n"
+    "╟─┼╢\n"
+    "║ │║\n"
+    "╟─┼╢\n"
+    "╟─┼╢\n"
+    "║ │║\n"
+    "╚═╧╝\n"
+)
+
+MARKDOWN: Box = Box(
+    "    \n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "|-||\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "|-||\n"
+    "|-||\n"
+    "| ||\n"
+    "    \n",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+# Map Boxes that don't render with raster fonts on to equivalent that do
+LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    ROUNDED: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    SIMPLE_HEAVY: SIMPLE,
+    HEAVY: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_EDGE: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+}
+
+# Map headed boxes to their headerless equivalents
+PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: ASCII2,
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    from . import box as box
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    BOXES = [
+        "ASCII",
+        "ASCII2",
+        "ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SQUARE",
+        "SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL",
+        "MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAVY",
+        "HORIZONTALS",
+        "ROUNDED",
+        "HEAVY",
+        "HEAVY_EDGE",
+        "HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "DOUBLE",
+        "DOUBLE_EDGE",
+        "MARKDOWN",
+    ]
+
+    console.print(Panel("[bold green]Box Constants", style="green"), justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    columns = Columns(expand=True, padding=2)
+    for box_name in sorted(BOXES):
+        table = Table(
+            show_footer=True, style="dim", border_style="not dim", expand=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Header 1", "Footer 1")
+        table.add_column("Header 2", "Footer 2")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.box = getattr(box, box_name)
+        table.title = Text(f"box.{box_name}", style="magenta")
+        columns.add_renderable(table)
+    console.print(columns)
+
+    # console.save_svg("box.svg")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f85f928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Callable
+
+from ._cell_widths import CELL_WIDTHS
+
+# Regex to match sequence of the most common character ranges
+_is_single_cell_widths = re.compile("^[\u0020-\u006f\u00a0\u02ff\u0370-\u0482]*$").match
+
+
+@lru_cache(4096)
+def cached_cell_len(text: str) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    This method always caches, which may use up a lot of memory. It is recommended to use
+    `cell_len` over this method.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+def cell_len(text: str, _cell_len: Callable[[str], int] = cached_cell_len) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    if len(text) < 512:
+        return _cell_len(text)
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def get_character_cell_size(character: str) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        character (str): A single character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+    return _get_codepoint_cell_size(ord(character))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def _get_codepoint_cell_size(codepoint: int) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        codepoint (int): Codepoint of a character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+
+    _table = CELL_WIDTHS
+    lower_bound = 0
+    upper_bound = len(_table) - 1
+    index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    while True:
+        start, end, width = _table[index]
+        if codepoint < start:
+            upper_bound = index - 1
+        elif codepoint > end:
+            lower_bound = index + 1
+        else:
+            return 0 if width == -1 else width
+        if upper_bound < lower_bound:
+            break
+        index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    return 1
+
+
+def set_cell_size(text: str, total: int) -> str:
+    """Set the length of a string to fit within given number of cells."""
+
+    if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+        size = len(text)
+        if size < total:
+            return text + " " * (total - size)
+        return text[:total]
+
+    if total <= 0:
+        return ""
+    cell_size = cell_len(text)
+    if cell_size == total:
+        return text
+    if cell_size < total:
+        return text + " " * (total - cell_size)
+
+    start = 0
+    end = len(text)
+
+    # Binary search until we find the right size
+    while True:
+        pos = (start + end) // 2
+        before = text[: pos + 1]
+        before_len = cell_len(before)
+        if before_len == total + 1 and cell_len(before[-1]) == 2:
+            return before[:-1] + " "
+        if before_len == total:
+            return before
+        if before_len > total:
+            end = pos
+        else:
+            start = pos
+
+
+def chop_cells(
+    text: str,
+    width: int,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Split text into lines such that each line fits within the available (cell) width.
+
+    Args:
+        text: The text to fold such that it fits in the given width.
+        width: The width available (number of cells).
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of strings such that each string in the list has cell width
+        less than or equal to the available width.
+    """
+    _get_character_cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+    lines: list[list[str]] = [[]]
+
+    append_new_line = lines.append
+    append_to_last_line = lines[-1].append
+
+    total_width = 0
+
+    for character in text:
+        cell_width = _get_character_cell_size(character)
+        char_doesnt_fit = total_width + cell_width > width
+
+        if char_doesnt_fit:
+            append_new_line([character])
+            append_to_last_line = lines[-1].append
+            total_width = cell_width
+        else:
+            append_to_last_line(character)
+            total_width += cell_width
+
+    return ["".join(line) for line in lines]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    print(get_character_cell_size("😽"))
+    for line in chop_cells("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", 8):
+        print(line)
+    for n in range(80, 1, -1):
+        print(set_cell_size("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", n) + "|")
+        print("x" * n)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4270a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+import platform
+import re
+from colorsys import rgb_to_hls
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._palettes import EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE, STANDARD_PALETTE, WINDOWS_PALETTE
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .terminal_theme import TerminalTheme
+    from .text import Text
+
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+
+class ColorSystem(IntEnum):
+    """One of the 3 color system supported by terminals."""
+
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorSystem.{self.name}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self)
+
+
+class ColorType(IntEnum):
+    """Type of color stored in Color class."""
+
+    DEFAULT = 0
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorType.{self.name}"
+
+
+ANSI_COLOR_NAMES = {
+    "black": 0,
+    "red": 1,
+    "green": 2,
+    "yellow": 3,
+    "blue": 4,
+    "magenta": 5,
+    "cyan": 6,
+    "white": 7,
+    "bright_black": 8,
+    "bright_red": 9,
+    "bright_green": 10,
+    "bright_yellow": 11,
+    "bright_blue": 12,
+    "bright_magenta": 13,
+    "bright_cyan": 14,
+    "bright_white": 15,
+    "grey0": 16,
+    "gray0": 16,
+    "navy_blue": 17,
+    "dark_blue": 18,
+    "blue3": 20,
+    "blue1": 21,
+    "dark_green": 22,
+    "deep_sky_blue4": 25,
+    "dodger_blue3": 26,
+    "dodger_blue2": 27,
+    "green4": 28,
+    "spring_green4": 29,
+    "turquoise4": 30,
+    "deep_sky_blue3": 32,
+    "dodger_blue1": 33,
+    "green3": 40,
+    "spring_green3": 41,
+    "dark_cyan": 36,
+    "light_sea_green": 37,
+    "deep_sky_blue2": 38,
+    "deep_sky_blue1": 39,
+    "spring_green2": 47,
+    "cyan3": 43,
+    "dark_turquoise": 44,
+    "turquoise2": 45,
+    "green1": 46,
+    "spring_green1": 48,
+    "medium_spring_green": 49,
+    "cyan2": 50,
+    "cyan1": 51,
+    "dark_red": 88,
+    "deep_pink4": 125,
+    "purple4": 55,
+    "purple3": 56,
+    "blue_violet": 57,
+    "orange4": 94,
+    "grey37": 59,
+    "gray37": 59,
+    "medium_purple4": 60,
+    "slate_blue3": 62,
+    "royal_blue1": 63,
+    "chartreuse4": 64,
+    "dark_sea_green4": 71,
+    "pale_turquoise4": 66,
+    "steel_blue": 67,
+    "steel_blue3": 68,
+    "cornflower_blue": 69,
+    "chartreuse3": 76,
+    "cadet_blue": 73,
+    "sky_blue3": 74,
+    "steel_blue1": 81,
+    "pale_green3": 114,
+    "sea_green3": 78,
+    "aquamarine3": 79,
+    "medium_turquoise": 80,
+    "chartreuse2": 112,
+    "sea_green2": 83,
+    "sea_green1": 85,
+    "aquamarine1": 122,
+    "dark_slate_gray2": 87,
+    "dark_magenta": 91,
+    "dark_violet": 128,
+    "purple": 129,
+    "light_pink4": 95,
+    "plum4": 96,
+    "medium_purple3": 98,
+    "slate_blue1": 99,
+    "yellow4": 106,
+    "wheat4": 101,
+    "grey53": 102,
+    "gray53": 102,
+    "light_slate_grey": 103,
+    "light_slate_gray": 103,
+    "medium_purple": 104,
+    "light_slate_blue": 105,
+    "dark_olive_green3": 149,
+    "dark_sea_green": 108,
+    "light_sky_blue3": 110,
+    "sky_blue2": 111,
+    "dark_sea_green3": 150,
+    "dark_slate_gray3": 116,
+    "sky_blue1": 117,
+    "chartreuse1": 118,
+    "light_green": 120,
+    "pale_green1": 156,
+    "dark_slate_gray1": 123,
+    "red3": 160,
+    "medium_violet_red": 126,
+    "magenta3": 164,
+    "dark_orange3": 166,
+    "indian_red": 167,
+    "hot_pink3": 168,
+    "medium_orchid3": 133,
+    "medium_orchid": 134,
+    "medium_purple2": 140,
+    "dark_goldenrod": 136,
+    "light_salmon3": 173,
+    "rosy_brown": 138,
+    "grey63": 139,
+    "gray63": 139,
+    "medium_purple1": 141,
+    "gold3": 178,
+    "dark_khaki": 143,
+    "navajo_white3": 144,
+    "grey69": 145,
+    "gray69": 145,
+    "light_steel_blue3": 146,
+    "light_steel_blue": 147,
+    "yellow3": 184,
+    "dark_sea_green2": 157,
+    "light_cyan3": 152,
+    "light_sky_blue1": 153,
+    "green_yellow": 154,
+    "dark_olive_green2": 155,
+    "dark_sea_green1": 193,
+    "pale_turquoise1": 159,
+    "deep_pink3": 162,
+    "magenta2": 200,
+    "hot_pink2": 169,
+    "orchid": 170,
+    "medium_orchid1": 207,
+    "orange3": 172,
+    "light_pink3": 174,
+    "pink3": 175,
+    "plum3": 176,
+    "violet": 177,
+    "light_goldenrod3": 179,
+    "tan": 180,
+    "misty_rose3": 181,
+    "thistle3": 182,
+    "plum2": 183,
+    "khaki3": 185,
+    "light_goldenrod2": 222,
+    "light_yellow3": 187,
+    "grey84": 188,
+    "gray84": 188,
+    "light_steel_blue1": 189,
+    "yellow2": 190,
+    "dark_olive_green1": 192,
+    "honeydew2": 194,
+    "light_cyan1": 195,
+    "red1": 196,
+    "deep_pink2": 197,
+    "deep_pink1": 199,
+    "magenta1": 201,
+    "orange_red1": 202,
+    "indian_red1": 204,
+    "hot_pink": 206,
+    "dark_orange": 208,
+    "salmon1": 209,
+    "light_coral": 210,
+    "pale_violet_red1": 211,
+    "orchid2": 212,
+    "orchid1": 213,
+    "orange1": 214,
+    "sandy_brown": 215,
+    "light_salmon1": 216,
+    "light_pink1": 217,
+    "pink1": 218,
+    "plum1": 219,
+    "gold1": 220,
+    "navajo_white1": 223,
+    "misty_rose1": 224,
+    "thistle1": 225,
+    "yellow1": 226,
+    "light_goldenrod1": 227,
+    "khaki1": 228,
+    "wheat1": 229,
+    "cornsilk1": 230,
+    "grey100": 231,
+    "gray100": 231,
+    "grey3": 232,
+    "gray3": 232,
+    "grey7": 233,
+    "gray7": 233,
+    "grey11": 234,
+    "gray11": 234,
+    "grey15": 235,
+    "gray15": 235,
+    "grey19": 236,
+    "gray19": 236,
+    "grey23": 237,
+    "gray23": 237,
+    "grey27": 238,
+    "gray27": 238,
+    "grey30": 239,
+    "gray30": 239,
+    "grey35": 240,
+    "gray35": 240,
+    "grey39": 241,
+    "gray39": 241,
+    "grey42": 242,
+    "gray42": 242,
+    "grey46": 243,
+    "gray46": 243,
+    "grey50": 244,
+    "gray50": 244,
+    "grey54": 245,
+    "gray54": 245,
+    "grey58": 246,
+    "gray58": 246,
+    "grey62": 247,
+    "gray62": 247,
+    "grey66": 248,
+    "gray66": 248,
+    "grey70": 249,
+    "gray70": 249,
+    "grey74": 250,
+    "gray74": 250,
+    "grey78": 251,
+    "gray78": 251,
+    "grey82": 252,
+    "gray82": 252,
+    "grey85": 253,
+    "gray85": 253,
+    "grey89": 254,
+    "gray89": 254,
+    "grey93": 255,
+    "gray93": 255,
+}
+
+
+class ColorParseError(Exception):
+    """The color could not be parsed."""
+
+
+RE_COLOR = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+\#([0-9a-f]{6})$|
+color\(([0-9]{1,3})\)$|
+rgb\(([\d\s,]+)\)$
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Color(NamedTuple):
+    """Terminal color definition."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The name of the color (typically the input to Color.parse)."""
+    type: ColorType
+    """The type of the color."""
+    number: Optional[int] = None
+    """The color number, if a standard color, or None."""
+    triplet: Optional[ColorTriplet] = None
+    """A triplet of color components, if an RGB color."""
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Text":
+        """Displays the actual color if Rich printed."""
+        from .style import Style
+        from .text import Text
+
+        return Text.assemble(
+            f"<color {self.name!r} ({self.type.name.lower()})",
+            ("⬤", Style(color=self)),
+            " >",
+        )
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.name
+        yield self.type
+        yield "number", self.number, None
+        yield "triplet", self.triplet, None
+
+    @property
+    def system(self) -> ColorSystem:
+        """Get the native color system for this color."""
+        if self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ColorSystem.STANDARD
+        return ColorSystem(int(self.type))
+
+    @property
+    def is_system_defined(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is ultimately defined by the system."""
+        return self.system not in (ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT, ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR)
+
+    @property
+    def is_default(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is a default color."""
+        return self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT
+
+    def get_truecolor(
+        self, theme: Optional["TerminalTheme"] = None, foreground: bool = True
+    ) -> ColorTriplet:
+        """Get an equivalent color triplet for this color.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): Optional terminal theme, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+            foreground (bool, optional): True for a foreground color, or False for background. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ColorTriplet: A color triplet containing RGB components.
+        """
+
+        if theme is None:
+            theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        if self.type == ColorType.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            return self.triplet
+        elif self.type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return theme.ansi_colors[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return WINDOWS_PALETTE[self.number]
+        else:  # self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            assert self.number is None
+            return theme.foreground_color if foreground else theme.background_color
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(cls, number: int) -> "Color":
+        """Create a Color number from it's 8-bit ansi number.
+
+        Args:
+            number (int): A number between 0-255 inclusive.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new Color instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            name=f"color({number})",
+            type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+            number=number,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_triplet(cls, triplet: "ColorTriplet") -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor RGB color from a triplet of values.
+
+        Args:
+            triplet (ColorTriplet): A color triplet containing red, green and blue components.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls(name=triplet.hex, type=ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_rgb(cls, red: float, green: float, blue: float) -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor from three color components in the range(0->255).
+
+        Args:
+            red (float): Red component in range 0-255.
+            green (float): Green component in range 0-255.
+            blue (float): Blue component in range 0-255.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls.from_triplet(ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "Color":
+        """Get a Color instance representing the default color.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: Default color.
+        """
+        return cls(name="default", type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def parse(cls, color: str) -> "Color":
+        """Parse a color definition."""
+        original_color = color
+        color = color.lower().strip()
+
+        if color == "default":
+            return cls(color, type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+        color_number = ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.get(color)
+        if color_number is not None:
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if color_number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=color_number,
+            )
+
+        color_match = RE_COLOR.match(color)
+        if color_match is None:
+            raise ColorParseError(f"{original_color!r} is not a valid color")
+
+        color_24, color_8, color_rgb = color_match.groups()
+        if color_24:
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(
+                int(color_24[0:2], 16), int(color_24[2:4], 16), int(color_24[4:6], 16)
+            )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+        elif color_8:
+            number = int(color_8)
+            if number > 255:
+                raise ColorParseError(f"color number must be <= 255 in {color!r}")
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=number,
+            )
+
+        else:  #  color_rgb:
+            components = color_rgb.split(",")
+            if len(components) != 3:
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"expected three components in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            red, green, blue = components
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue))
+            if not all(component <= 255 for component in triplet):
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"color components must be <= 255 in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_ansi_codes(self, foreground: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+        """Get the ANSI escape codes for this color."""
+        _type = self.type
+        if _type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ("39" if foreground else "49",)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "5", str(self.number))
+
+        else:  # self.standard == ColorStandard.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "2", str(red), str(green), str(blue))
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def downgrade(self, system: ColorSystem) -> "Color":
+        """Downgrade a color system to a system with fewer colors."""
+
+        if self.type in (ColorType.DEFAULT, system):
+            return self
+        # Convert to 8-bit color from truecolor color
+        if system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT and self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            _h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(*self.triplet.normalized)
+            # If saturation is under 15% assume it is grayscale
+            if s < 0.15:
+                gray = round(l * 25.0)
+                if gray == 0:
+                    color_number = 16
+                elif gray == 25:
+                    color_number = 231
+                else:
+                    color_number = 231 + gray
+                return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            six_red = red / 95 if red < 95 else 1 + (red - 95) / 40
+            six_green = green / 95 if green < 95 else 1 + (green - 95) / 40
+            six_blue = blue / 95 if blue < 95 else 1 + (blue - 95) / 40
+
+            color_number = (
+                16 + 36 * round(six_red) + 6 * round(six_green) + round(six_blue)
+            )
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+        # Convert to standard from truecolor or 8-bit
+        elif system == ColorSystem.STANDARD:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = STANDARD_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.STANDARD, number=color_number)
+
+        elif system == ColorSystem.WINDOWS:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                if self.number < 16:
+                    return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=self.number)
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = WINDOWS_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=color_number)
+
+        return self
+
+
+def parse_rgb_hex(hex_color: str) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Parse six hex characters in to RGB triplet."""
+    assert len(hex_color) == 6, "must be 6 characters"
+    color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(hex_color[0:2], 16), int(hex_color[2:4], 16), int(hex_color[4:6], 16)
+    )
+    return color
+
+
+def blend_rgb(
+    color1: ColorTriplet, color2: ColorTriplet, cross_fade: float = 0.5
+) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Blend one RGB color in to another."""
+    r1, g1, b1 = color1
+    r2, g2, b2 = color2
+    new_color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(r1 + (r2 - r1) * cross_fade),
+        int(g1 + (g2 - g1) * cross_fade),
+        int(b1 + (b2 - b1) * cross_fade),
+    )
+    return new_color
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    table = Table(show_footer=False, show_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Color", width=10, overflow="ellipsis")
+    table.add_column("Number", justify="right", style="yellow")
+    table.add_column("Name", style="green")
+    table.add_column("Hex", style="blue")
+    table.add_column("RGB", style="magenta")
+
+    colors = sorted((v, k) for k, v in ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.items())
+    for color_number, name in colors:
+        if "grey" in name:
+            continue
+        color_cell = Text(" " * 10, style=f"on {name}")
+        if color_number < 16:
+            table.add_row(color_cell, f"{color_number}", Text(f'"{name}"'))
+        else:
+            color = EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[color_number]  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            table.add_row(
+                color_cell, str(color_number), Text(f'"{name}"'), color.hex, color.rgb
+            )
+
+    console.print(table)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02cab32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple, Tuple
+
+
+class ColorTriplet(NamedTuple):
+    """The red, green, and blue components of a color."""
+
+    red: int
+    """Red component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    green: int
+    """Green component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    blue: int
+    """Blue component in 0 to 255 range."""
+
+    @property
+    def hex(self) -> str:
+        """get the color triplet in CSS style."""
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"#{red:02x}{green:02x}{blue:02x}"
+
+    @property
+    def rgb(self) -> str:
+        """The color in RGB format.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: An rgb color, e.g. ``"rgb(100,23,255)"``.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"rgb({red},{green},{blue})"
+
+    @property
+    def normalized(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
+        """Convert components into floats between 0 and 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[float, float, float]: A tuple of three normalized colour components.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return red / 255.0, green / 255.0, blue / 255.0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..669a3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .table import Table
+from .text import TextType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+
+
+class Columns(JupyterMixin):
+    """Display renderables in neat columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): Any number of Rich renderables (including str).
+        width (int, optional): The desired width of the columns, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Optional padding around cells. Defaults to (0, 1).
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand columns to full width. Defaults to False.
+        equal (bool, optional): Arrange in to equal sized columns. Defaults to False.
+        column_first (bool, optional): Align items from top to bottom (rather than left to right). Defaults to False.
+        right_to_left (bool, optional): Start column from right hand side. Defaults to False.
+        align (str, optional): Align value ("left", "right", or "center") or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        title (TextType, optional): Optional title for Columns.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderables: Optional[Iterable[RenderableType]] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        equal: bool = False,
+        column_first: bool = False,
+        right_to_left: bool = False,
+        align: Optional[AlignMethod] = None,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderables = list(renderables or [])
+        self.width = width
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.equal = equal
+        self.column_first = column_first
+        self.right_to_left = right_to_left
+        self.align: Optional[AlignMethod] = align
+        self.title = title
+
+    def add_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Add a renderable to the columns.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        """
+        self.renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        render_str = console.render_str
+        renderables = [
+            render_str(renderable) if isinstance(renderable, str) else renderable
+            for renderable in self.renderables
+        ]
+        if not renderables:
+            return
+        _top, right, _bottom, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        width_padding = max(left, right)
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        widths: Dict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        column_count = len(renderables)
+
+        get_measurement = Measurement.get
+        renderable_widths = [
+            get_measurement(console, options, renderable).maximum
+            for renderable in renderables
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            renderable_widths = [max(renderable_widths)] * len(renderable_widths)
+
+        def iter_renderables(
+            column_count: int,
+        ) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[RenderableType]]]:
+            item_count = len(renderables)
+            if self.column_first:
+                width_renderables = list(zip(renderable_widths, renderables))
+
+                column_lengths: List[int] = [item_count // column_count] * column_count
+                for col_no in range(item_count % column_count):
+                    column_lengths[col_no] += 1
+
+                row_count = (item_count + column_count - 1) // column_count
+                cells = [[-1] * column_count for _ in range(row_count)]
+                row = col = 0
+                for index in range(item_count):
+                    cells[row][col] = index
+                    column_lengths[col] -= 1
+                    if column_lengths[col]:
+                        row += 1
+                    else:
+                        col += 1
+                        row = 0
+                for index in chain.from_iterable(cells):
+                    if index == -1:
+                        break
+                    yield width_renderables[index]
+            else:
+                yield from zip(renderable_widths, renderables)
+            # Pad odd elements with spaces
+            if item_count % column_count:
+                for _ in range(column_count - (item_count % column_count)):
+                    yield 0, None
+
+        table = Table.grid(padding=self.padding, collapse_padding=True, pad_edge=False)
+        table.expand = self.expand
+        table.title = self.title
+
+        if self.width is not None:
+            column_count = (max_width) // (self.width + width_padding)
+            for _ in range(column_count):
+                table.add_column(width=self.width)
+        else:
+            while column_count > 1:
+                widths.clear()
+                column_no = 0
+                for renderable_width, _ in iter_renderables(column_count):
+                    widths[column_no] = max(widths[column_no], renderable_width)
+                    total_width = sum(widths.values()) + width_padding * (
+                        len(widths) - 1
+                    )
+                    if total_width > max_width:
+                        column_count = len(widths) - 1
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        column_no = (column_no + 1) % column_count
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        get_renderable = itemgetter(1)
+        _renderables = [
+            get_renderable(_renderable)
+            for _renderable in iter_renderables(column_count)
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            _renderables = [
+                None
+                if renderable is None
+                else Constrain(renderable, renderable_widths[0])
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+        if self.align:
+            align = self.align
+            _Align = Align
+            _renderables = [
+                None if renderable is None else _Align(renderable, align)
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+
+        right_to_left = self.right_to_left
+        add_row = table.add_row
+        for start in range(0, len(_renderables), column_count):
+            row = _renderables[start : start + column_count]
+            if right_to_left:
+                row = row[::-1]
+            add_row(*row)
+        yield table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import os
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    files = [f"{i} {s}" for i, s in enumerate(sorted(os.listdir()))]
+    columns = Columns(files, padding=(0, 1), expand=False, equal=False)
+    console.print(columns)
+    console.rule()
+    columns.column_first = True
+    console.print(columns)
+    columns.right_to_left = True
+    console.rule()
+    console.print(columns)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a11c7c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2633 @@
+import inspect
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+import threading
+import zlib
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import wraps
+from getpass import getpass
+from html import escape
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from math import ceil
+from time import monotonic
+from types import FrameType, ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NULL_FILE
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import (
+        Literal,
+        Protocol,
+        runtime_checkable,
+    )  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import errors, themes
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from ._export_format import CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT, CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT
+from ._fileno import get_fileno
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .color import ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .control import Control
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .highlighter import NullHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .markup import render as render_markup
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .pager import Pager, SystemPager
+from .pretty import Pretty, is_expandable
+from .protocol import rich_cast
+from .region import Region
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .screen import Screen
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, SVG_EXPORT_THEME, TerminalTheme
+from .text import Text, TextType
+from .theme import Theme, ThemeStack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._windows import WindowsConsoleFeatures
+    from .live import Live
+    from .status import Status
+
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 115
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES = 100
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+HighlighterType = Callable[[Union[str, "Text"]], "Text"]
+JustifyMethod = Literal["default", "left", "center", "right", "full"]
+OverflowMethod = Literal["fold", "crop", "ellipsis", "ignore"]
+
+
+class NoChange:
+    pass
+
+
+NO_CHANGE = NoChange()
+
+try:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = sys.__stdin__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = 0
+try:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = sys.__stdout__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+try:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = sys.__stderr__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+_STD_STREAMS = (_STDIN_FILENO, _STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+_STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT = (_STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+
+
+_TERM_COLORS = {
+    "kitty": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "256color": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "16color": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+}
+
+
+class ConsoleDimensions(NamedTuple):
+    """Size of the terminal."""
+
+    width: int
+    """The width of the console in 'cells'."""
+    height: int
+    """The height of the console in lines."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleOptions:
+    """Options for __rich_console__ method."""
+
+    size: ConsoleDimensions
+    """Size of console."""
+    legacy_windows: bool
+    """legacy_windows: flag for legacy windows."""
+    min_width: int
+    """Minimum width of renderable."""
+    max_width: int
+    """Maximum width of renderable."""
+    is_terminal: bool
+    """True if the target is a terminal, otherwise False."""
+    encoding: str
+    """Encoding of terminal."""
+    max_height: int
+    """Height of container (starts as terminal)"""
+    justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None
+    """Justify value override for renderable."""
+    overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None
+    """Overflow value override for renderable."""
+    no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False
+    """Disable wrapping for text."""
+    highlight: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Highlight override for render_str."""
+    markup: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Enable markup when rendering strings."""
+    height: Optional[int] = None
+
+    @property
+    def ascii_only(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if renderables should use ascii only."""
+        return not self.encoding.startswith("utf")
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleOptions: a copy of self.
+        """
+        options: ConsoleOptions = ConsoleOptions.__new__(ConsoleOptions)
+        options.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
+        return options
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        min_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        max_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        justify: Union[Optional[JustifyMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        overflow: Union[Optional[OverflowMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        no_wrap: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        highlight: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        markup: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        height: Union[Optional[int], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+    ) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update values, return a copy."""
+        options = self.copy()
+        if not isinstance(width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        if not isinstance(min_width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = min_width
+        if not isinstance(max_width, NoChange):
+            options.max_width = max_width
+        if not isinstance(justify, NoChange):
+            options.justify = justify
+        if not isinstance(overflow, NoChange):
+            options.overflow = overflow
+        if not isinstance(no_wrap, NoChange):
+            options.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        if not isinstance(highlight, NoChange):
+            options.highlight = highlight
+        if not isinstance(markup, NoChange):
+            options.markup = markup
+        if not isinstance(height, NoChange):
+            if height is not None:
+                options.max_height = height
+            options.height = None if height is None else max(0, height)
+        return options
+
+    def update_width(self, width: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update just the width, return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        return options
+
+    def update_height(self, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): New height
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New Console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.max_height = options.height = height
+        return options
+
+    def reset_height(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options with height set to ``None``.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.height = None
+        return options
+
+    def update_dimensions(self, width: int, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the width and height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width).
+            height (int): New height.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        options.height = options.max_height = height
+        return options
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class RichCast(Protocol):
+    """An object that may be 'cast' to a console renderable."""
+
+    def __rich__(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union["ConsoleRenderable", "RichCast", str]:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class ConsoleRenderable(Protocol):
+    """An object that supports the console protocol."""
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+# A type that may be rendered by Console.
+RenderableType = Union[ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str]
+"""A string or any object that may be rendered by Rich."""
+
+# The result of calling a __rich_console__ method.
+RenderResult = Iterable[Union[RenderableType, Segment]]
+
+_null_highlighter = NullHighlighter()
+
+
+class CaptureError(Exception):
+    """An error in the Capture context manager."""
+
+
+class NewLine:
+    """A renderable to generate new line(s)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        self.count = count
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        yield Segment("\n" * self.count)
+
+
+class ScreenUpdate:
+    """Render a list of lines at a given offset."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        self._lines = lines
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        x = self.x
+        move_to = Control.move_to
+        for offset, line in enumerate(self._lines, self.y):
+            yield move_to(x, offset)
+            yield from line
+
+
+class Capture:
+    """Context manager to capture the result of printing to the console.
+    See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.capture` for how to use.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console): A console instance to capture output.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console") -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self._result: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Capture":
+        self._console.begin_capture()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._result = self._console.end_capture()
+
+    def get(self) -> str:
+        """Get the result of the capture."""
+        if self._result is None:
+            raise CaptureError(
+                "Capture result is not available until context manager exits."
+            )
+        return self._result
+
+
+class ThemeContext:
+    """A context manager to use a temporary theme. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.theme = theme
+        self.inherit = inherit
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ThemeContext":
+        self.console.push_theme(self.theme)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console.pop_theme()
+
+
+class PagerContext:
+    """A context manager that 'pages' content. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.pager` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        pager: Optional[Pager] = None,
+        styles: bool = False,
+        links: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self.pager = SystemPager() if pager is None else pager
+        self.styles = styles
+        self.links = links
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "PagerContext":
+        self._console._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            with self._console._lock:
+                buffer: List[Segment] = self._console._buffer[:]
+                del self._console._buffer[:]
+                segments: Iterable[Segment] = buffer
+                if not self.styles:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_styles(segments)
+                elif not self.links:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_links(segments)
+                content = self._console._render_buffer(segments)
+            self.pager.show(content)
+        self._console._exit_buffer()
+
+
+class ScreenContext:
+    """A context manager that enables an alternative screen. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.screen` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, console: "Console", hide_cursor: bool, style: StyleType = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.hide_cursor = hide_cursor
+        self.screen = Screen(style=style)
+        self._changed = False
+
+    def update(
+        self, *renderables: RenderableType, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType, optional): Optional renderable to replace current renderable,
+                or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            style: (Style, optional): Replacement style, or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if renderables:
+            self.screen.renderable = (
+                Group(*renderables) if len(renderables) > 1 else renderables[0]
+            )
+        if style is not None:
+            self.screen.style = style
+        self.console.print(self.screen, end="")
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ScreenContext":
+        self._changed = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+        if self._changed and self.hide_cursor:
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._changed:
+            self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+            if self.hide_cursor:
+                self.console.show_cursor(True)
+
+
+class Group:
+    """Takes a group of renderables and returns a renderable object that renders the group.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): An iterable of renderable objects.
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *renderables: "RenderableType", fit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self._renderables = renderables
+        self.fit = fit
+        self._render: Optional[List[RenderableType]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderables(self) -> List["RenderableType"]:
+        if self._render is None:
+            self._render = list(self._renderables)
+        return self._render
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.fit:
+            return measure_renderables(console, options, self.renderables)
+        else:
+            return Measurement(options.max_width, options.max_width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        yield from self.renderables
+
+
+def group(fit: bool = True) -> Callable[..., Callable[..., Group]]:
+    """A decorator that turns an iterable of renderables in to a group.
+
+    Args:
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(
+        method: Callable[..., Iterable[RenderableType]]
+    ) -> Callable[..., Group]:
+        """Convert a method that returns an iterable of renderables in to a Group."""
+
+        @wraps(method)
+        def _replace(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Group:
+            renderables = method(*args, **kwargs)
+            return Group(*renderables, fit=fit)
+
+        return _replace
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def _is_jupyter() -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Check if we're running in a Jupyter notebook."""
+    try:
+        get_ipython  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    except NameError:
+        return False
+    ipython = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    shell = ipython.__class__.__name__
+    if (
+        "google.colab" in str(ipython.__class__)
+        or os.getenv("DATABRICKS_RUNTIME_VERSION")
+        or shell == "ZMQInteractiveShell"
+    ):
+        return True  # Jupyter notebook or qtconsole
+    elif shell == "TerminalInteractiveShell":
+        return False  # Terminal running IPython
+    else:
+        return False  # Other type (?)
+
+
+COLOR_SYSTEMS = {
+    "standard": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+    "256": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "truecolor": ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+    "windows": ColorSystem.WINDOWS,
+}
+
+_COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES = {system: name for name, system in COLOR_SYSTEMS.items()}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleThreadLocals(threading.local):
+    """Thread local values for Console context."""
+
+    theme_stack: ThemeStack
+    buffer: List[Segment] = field(default_factory=list)
+    buffer_index: int = 0
+
+
+class RenderHook(ABC):
+    """Provides hooks in to the render process."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Called with a list of objects to render.
+
+        This method can return a new list of renderables, or modify and return the same list.
+
+        Args:
+            renderables (List[ConsoleRenderable]): A number of renderable objects.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A replacement list of renderables.
+        """
+
+
+_windows_console_features: Optional["WindowsConsoleFeatures"] = None
+
+
+def get_windows_console_features() -> "WindowsConsoleFeatures":  # pragma: no cover
+    global _windows_console_features
+    if _windows_console_features is not None:
+        return _windows_console_features
+    from ._windows import get_windows_console_features
+
+    _windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+    return _windows_console_features
+
+
+def detect_legacy_windows() -> bool:
+    """Detect legacy Windows."""
+    return WINDOWS and not get_windows_console_features().vt
+
+
+class Console:
+    """A high level console interface.
+
+    Args:
+        color_system (str, optional): The color system supported by your terminal,
+            either ``"standard"``, ``"256"`` or ``"truecolor"``. Leave as ``"auto"`` to autodetect.
+        force_terminal (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable terminal control codes, or None to auto-detect terminal. Defaults to None.
+        force_jupyter (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable Jupyter rendering, or None to auto-detect Jupyter. Defaults to None.
+        force_interactive (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable interactive mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        soft_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Set soft wrap default on print method. Defaults to False.
+        theme (Theme, optional): An optional style theme object, or ``None`` for default theme.
+        stderr (bool, optional): Use stderr rather than stdout if ``file`` is not specified. Defaults to False.
+        file (IO, optional): A file object where the console should write to. Defaults to stdout.
+        quiet (bool, Optional): Boolean to suppress all output. Defaults to False.
+        width (int, optional): The width of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect width.
+        height (int, optional): The height of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect height.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style to apply to all output, or None for no style. Defaults to None.
+        no_color (Optional[bool], optional): Enabled no color mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Number of spaces used to replace a tab character. Defaults to 8.
+        record (bool, optional): Boolean to enable recording of terminal output,
+            required to call :meth:`export_html`, :meth:`export_svg`, and :meth:`export_text`. Defaults to False.
+        markup (bool, optional): Boolean to enable :ref:`console_markup`. Defaults to True.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji code. Defaults to True.
+        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        log_time (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of time by :meth:`log` methods. Defaults to True.
+        log_path (bool, optional): Boolean to enable the logging of the caller by :meth:`log`. Defaults to True.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%X] ".
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Default highlighter.
+        legacy_windows (bool, optional): Enable legacy Windows mode, or ``None`` to auto detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Restrict box options that don't render on legacy Windows.
+        get_datetime (Callable[[], datetime], optional): Callable that gets the current time as a datetime.datetime object (used by Console.log),
+            or None for datetime.now.
+        get_time (Callable[[], time], optional): Callable that gets the current time in seconds, default uses time.monotonic.
+    """
+
+    _environ: Mapping[str, str] = os.environ
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[
+            Literal["auto", "standard", "256", "truecolor", "windows"]
+        ] = "auto",
+        force_terminal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_jupyter: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_interactive: Optional[bool] = None,
+        soft_wrap: bool = False,
+        theme: Optional[Theme] = None,
+        stderr: bool = False,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        quiet: bool = False,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        no_color: Optional[bool] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        record: bool = False,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        log_time: bool = True,
+        log_path: bool = True,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%X]",
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = ReprHighlighter(),
+        legacy_windows: Optional[bool] = None,
+        safe_box: bool = True,
+        get_datetime: Optional[Callable[[], datetime]] = None,
+        get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+        _environ: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        # Copy of os.environ allows us to replace it for testing
+        if _environ is not None:
+            self._environ = _environ
+
+        self.is_jupyter = _is_jupyter() if force_jupyter is None else force_jupyter
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            if width is None:
+                jupyter_columns = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_COLUMNS")
+                if jupyter_columns is not None and jupyter_columns.isdigit():
+                    width = int(jupyter_columns)
+                else:
+                    width = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS
+            if height is None:
+                jupyter_lines = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_LINES")
+                if jupyter_lines is not None and jupyter_lines.isdigit():
+                    height = int(jupyter_lines)
+                else:
+                    height = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES
+
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.record = record
+        self._markup = markup
+        self._emoji = emoji
+        self._emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = emoji_variant
+        self._highlight = highlight
+        self.legacy_windows: bool = (
+            (detect_legacy_windows() and not self.is_jupyter)
+            if legacy_windows is None
+            else legacy_windows
+        )
+
+        if width is None:
+            columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+            if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+                width = int(columns) - self.legacy_windows
+        if height is None:
+            lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+            if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+                height = int(lines)
+
+        self.soft_wrap = soft_wrap
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+        self._color_system: Optional[ColorSystem]
+
+        self._force_terminal = None
+        if force_terminal is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = force_terminal
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self.stderr = stderr
+
+        if color_system is None:
+            self._color_system = None
+        elif color_system == "auto":
+            self._color_system = self._detect_color_system()
+        else:
+            self._color_system = COLOR_SYSTEMS[color_system]
+
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=log_time,
+            show_path=log_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+        )
+        self.highlighter: HighlighterType = highlighter or _null_highlighter
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.get_datetime = get_datetime or datetime.now
+        self.get_time = get_time or monotonic
+        self.style = style
+        self.no_color = (
+            no_color if no_color is not None else "NO_COLOR" in self._environ
+        )
+        self.is_interactive = (
+            (self.is_terminal and not self.is_dumb_terminal)
+            if force_interactive is None
+            else force_interactive
+        )
+
+        self._record_buffer_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._thread_locals = ConsoleThreadLocals(
+            theme_stack=ThemeStack(themes.DEFAULT if theme is None else theme)
+        )
+        self._record_buffer: List[Segment] = []
+        self._render_hooks: List[RenderHook] = []
+        self._live: Optional["Live"] = None
+        self._is_alt_screen = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<console width={self.width} {self._color_system!s}>"
+
+    @property
+    def file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get the file object to write to."""
+        file = self._file or (sys.stderr if self.stderr else sys.stdout)
+        file = getattr(file, "rich_proxied_file", file)
+        if file is None:
+            file = NULL_FILE
+        return file
+
+    @file.setter
+    def file(self, new_file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        """Set a new file object."""
+        self._file = new_file
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer(self) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer_index(self) -> int:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer_index
+
+    @_buffer_index.setter
+    def _buffer_index(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._thread_locals.buffer_index = value
+
+    @property
+    def _theme_stack(self) -> ThemeStack:
+        """Get the thread local theme stack."""
+        return self._thread_locals.theme_stack
+
+    def _detect_color_system(self) -> Optional[ColorSystem]:
+        """Detect color system from env vars."""
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+        if not self.is_terminal or self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return None
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            if self.legacy_windows:  # pragma: no cover
+                return ColorSystem.WINDOWS
+            windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+            return (
+                ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+                if windows_console_features.truecolor
+                else ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+            )
+        else:
+            color_term = self._environ.get("COLORTERM", "").strip().lower()
+            if color_term in ("truecolor", "24bit"):
+                return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+            term = self._environ.get("TERM", "").strip().lower()
+            _term_name, _hyphen, colors = term.rpartition("-")
+            color_system = _TERM_COLORS.get(colors, ColorSystem.STANDARD)
+            return color_system
+
+    def _enter_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Enter in to a buffer context, and buffer all output."""
+        self._buffer_index += 1
+
+    def _exit_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Leave buffer context, and render content if required."""
+        self._buffer_index -= 1
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def set_live(self, live: "Live") -> None:
+        """Set Live instance. Used by Live context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            live (Live): Live instance using this Console.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.LiveError: If this Console has a Live context currently active.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._live is not None:
+                raise errors.LiveError("Only one live display may be active at once")
+            self._live = live
+
+    def clear_live(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the Live instance."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live = None
+
+    def push_render_hook(self, hook: RenderHook) -> None:
+        """Add a new render hook to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            hook (RenderHook): Render hook instance.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.append(hook)
+
+    def pop_render_hook(self) -> None:
+        """Pop the last renderhook from the stack."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.pop()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Console":
+        """Own context manager to enter buffer context."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_value: Any, traceback: Any) -> None:
+        """Exit buffer context."""
+        self._exit_buffer()
+
+    def begin_capture(self) -> None:
+        """Begin capturing console output. Call :meth:`end_capture` to exit capture mode and return output."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+
+    def end_capture(self) -> str:
+        """End capture mode and return captured string.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Console output.
+        """
+        render_result = self._render_buffer(self._buffer)
+        del self._buffer[:]
+        self._exit_buffer()
+        return render_result
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a new theme on to the top of the stack, replacing the styles from the previous theme.
+        Generally speaking, you should call :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` to get a context manager, rather
+        than calling this method directly.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A theme instance.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing styles. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        self._theme_stack.push_theme(theme, inherit=inherit)
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Remove theme from top of stack, restoring previous theme."""
+        self._theme_stack.pop_theme()
+
+    def use_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> ThemeContext:
+        """Use a different theme for the duration of the context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): Theme instance to user.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing console styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ThemeContext: [description]
+        """
+        return ThemeContext(self, theme, inherit)
+
+    @property
+    def color_system(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get color system string.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: "standard", "256" or "truecolor".
+        """
+
+        if self._color_system is not None:
+            return _COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES[self._color_system]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """Get the encoding of the console file, e.g. ``"utf-8"``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A standard encoding string.
+        """
+        return (getattr(self.file, "encoding", "utf-8") or "utf-8").lower()
+
+    @property
+    def is_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the console is writing to a terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the console writing to a device capable of
+            understanding terminal codes, otherwise False.
+        """
+        if self._force_terminal is not None:
+            return self._force_terminal
+
+        if hasattr(sys.stdin, "__module__") and sys.stdin.__module__.startswith(
+            "idlelib"
+        ):
+            # Return False for Idle which claims to be a tty but can't handle ansi codes
+            return False
+
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            # return False for Jupyter, which may have FORCE_COLOR set
+            return False
+
+        # If FORCE_COLOR env var has any value at all, we assume a terminal.
+        force_color = self._environ.get("FORCE_COLOR")
+        if force_color is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = True
+            return True
+
+        isatty: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = getattr(self.file, "isatty", None)
+        try:
+            return False if isatty is None else isatty()
+        except ValueError:
+            # in some situation (at the end of a pytest run for example) isatty() can raise
+            # ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
+            # return False because we aren't in a terminal anymore
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_dumb_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Detect dumb terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if writing to a dumb terminal, otherwise False.
+
+        """
+        _term = self._environ.get("TERM", "")
+        is_dumb = _term.lower() in ("dumb", "unknown")
+        return self.is_terminal and is_dumb
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ConsoleOptions:
+        """Get default console options."""
+        return ConsoleOptions(
+            max_height=self.size.height,
+            size=self.size,
+            legacy_windows=self.legacy_windows,
+            min_width=1,
+            max_width=self.width,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+            is_terminal=self.is_terminal,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> ConsoleDimensions:
+        """Get the size of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleDimensions: A named tuple containing the dimensions.
+        """
+
+        if self._width is not None and self._height is not None:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(self._width - self.legacy_windows, self._height)
+
+        if self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(80, 25)
+
+        width: Optional[int] = None
+        height: Optional[int] = None
+
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                width, height = os.get_terminal_size()
+            except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):  # Probably not a terminal
+                pass
+        else:
+            for file_descriptor in _STD_STREAMS:
+                try:
+                    width, height = os.get_terminal_size(file_descriptor)
+                except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+        if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+            width = int(columns)
+        lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+        if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+            height = int(lines)
+
+        # get_terminal_size can report 0, 0 if run from pseudo-terminal
+        width = width or 80
+        height = height or 25
+        return ConsoleDimensions(
+            width - self.legacy_windows if self._width is None else self._width,
+            height if self._height is None else self._height,
+        )
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, new_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> None:
+        """Set a new size for the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            new_size (Tuple[int, int]): New width and height.
+        """
+        width, height = new_size
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the width of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The width (in characters) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.width
+
+    @width.setter
+    def width(self, width: int) -> None:
+        """Set width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width.
+        """
+        self._width = width
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        """Get the height of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The height (in lines) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.height
+
+    @height.setter
+    def height(self, height: int) -> None:
+        """Set height.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): new height.
+        """
+        self._height = height
+
+    def bell(self) -> None:
+        """Play a 'bell' sound (if supported by the terminal)."""
+        self.control(Control.bell())
+
+    def capture(self) -> Capture:
+        """A context manager to *capture* the result of print() or log() in a string,
+        rather than writing it to the console.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.capture() as capture:
+            ...     console.print("[bold magenta]Hello World[/]")
+            >>> print(capture.get())
+
+        Returns:
+            Capture: Context manager with disables writing to the terminal.
+        """
+        capture = Capture(self)
+        return capture
+
+    def pager(
+        self, pager: Optional[Pager] = None, styles: bool = False, links: bool = False
+    ) -> PagerContext:
+        """A context manager to display anything printed within a "pager". The pager application
+        is defined by the system and will typically support at least pressing a key to scroll.
+
+        Args:
+            pager (Pager, optional): A pager object, or None to use :class:`~rich.pager.SystemPager`. Defaults to None.
+            styles (bool, optional): Show styles in pager. Defaults to False.
+            links (bool, optional): Show links in pager. Defaults to False.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> from rich.__main__ import make_test_card
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.pager():
+                    console.print(make_test_card())
+
+        Returns:
+            PagerContext: A context manager.
+        """
+        return PagerContext(self, pager=pager, styles=styles, links=links)
+
+    def line(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Write new line(s).
+
+        Args:
+            count (int, optional): Number of new lines. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+
+        assert count >= 0, "count must be >= 0"
+        self.print(NewLine(count))
+
+    def clear(self, home: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Clear the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            home (bool, optional): Also move the cursor to 'home' position. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        if home:
+            self.control(Control.clear(), Control.home())
+        else:
+            self.control(Control.clear())
+
+    def status(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ) -> "Status":
+        """Display a status and spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+            spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+            spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+            refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+
+        Returns:
+            Status: A Status object that may be used as a context manager.
+        """
+        from .status import Status
+
+        status_renderable = Status(
+            status,
+            console=self,
+            spinner=spinner,
+            spinner_style=spinner_style,
+            speed=speed,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+        )
+        return status_renderable
+
+    def show_cursor(self, show: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Show or hide the cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            show (bool, optional): Set visibility of the cursor.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.show_cursor(show))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def set_alt_screen(self, enable: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Enables alternative screen mode.
+
+        Note, if you enable this mode, you should ensure that is disabled before
+        the application exits. See :meth:`~rich.Console.screen` for a context manager
+        that handles this for you.
+
+        Args:
+            enable (bool, optional): Enable (True) or disable (False) alternate screen. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control codes were written.
+
+        """
+        changed = False
+        if self.is_terminal and not self.legacy_windows:
+            self.control(Control.alt_screen(enable))
+            changed = True
+            self._is_alt_screen = enable
+        return changed
+
+    @property
+    def is_alt_screen(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the alt screen was enabled.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the alt screen was enabled, otherwise False.
+        """
+        return self._is_alt_screen
+
+    def set_window_title(self, title: str) -> bool:
+        """Set the title of the console terminal window.
+
+        Warning: There is no means within Rich of "resetting" the window title to its
+        previous value, meaning the title you set will persist even after your application
+        exits.
+
+        ``fish`` shell resets the window title before and after each command by default,
+        negating this issue. Windows Terminal and command prompt will also reset the title for you.
+        Most other shells and terminals, however, do not do this.
+
+        Some terminals may require configuration changes before you can set the title.
+        Some terminals may not support setting the title at all.
+
+        Other software (including the terminal itself, the shell, custom prompts, plugins, etc.)
+        may also set the terminal window title. This could result in whatever value you write
+        using this method being overwritten.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the terminal window.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control code to change the terminal title was
+                written, otherwise False. Note that a return value of True
+                does not guarantee that the window title has actually changed,
+                since the feature may be unsupported/disabled in some terminals.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.title(title))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def screen(
+        self, hide_cursor: bool = True, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> "ScreenContext":
+        """Context manager to enable and disable 'alternative screen' mode.
+
+        Args:
+            hide_cursor (bool, optional): Also hide the cursor. Defaults to False.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style for screen. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ScreenContext: Context which enables alternate screen on enter, and disables it on exit.
+        """
+        return ScreenContext(self, hide_cursor=hide_cursor, style=style or "")
+
+    def measure(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, *, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Measure a renderable. Returns a :class:`~rich.measure.Measurement` object which contains
+        information regarding the number of characters required to print the renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable or string.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Options to use when measuring, or None
+                to use default options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A measurement of the renderable.
+        """
+        measurement = Measurement.get(self, options or self.options, renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+    def render(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Render an object in to an iterable of `Segment` instances.
+
+        This method contains the logic for rendering objects with the console protocol.
+        You are unlikely to need to use it directly, unless you are extending the library.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object supporting the console protocol, or
+                an object that may be converted to a string.
+            options (ConsoleOptions, optional): An options object, or None to use self.options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: An iterable of segments that may be rendered.
+        """
+
+        _options = options or self.options
+        if _options.max_width < 1:
+            # No space to render anything. This prevents potential recursion errors.
+            return
+        render_iterable: RenderResult
+
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if hasattr(renderable, "__rich_console__") and not isclass(renderable):
+            render_iterable = renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        elif isinstance(renderable, str):
+            text_renderable = self.render_str(
+                renderable, highlight=_options.highlight, markup=_options.markup
+            )
+            render_iterable = text_renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to render {renderable!r}; "
+                "A str, Segment or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            iter_render = iter(render_iterable)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"object {render_iterable!r} is not renderable"
+            )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _options = _options.reset_height()
+        for render_output in iter_render:
+            if isinstance(render_output, _Segment):
+                yield render_output
+            else:
+                yield from self.render(render_output, _options)
+
+    def render_lines(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+        """Render objects in to a list of lines.
+
+        The output of render_lines is useful when further formatting of rendered console text
+        is required, such as the Panel class which draws a border around any renderable object.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any object renderable in the console.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Console options, or None to use self.options. Default to ``None``.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style to apply to renderables. Defaults to ``None``.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines shorter than render width. Defaults to ``True``.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Include "\n" characters at end of lines.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: A list of lines, where a line is a list of Segment objects.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            render_options = options or self.options
+            _rendered = self.render(renderable, render_options)
+            if style:
+                _rendered = Segment.apply_style(_rendered, style)
+
+            render_height = render_options.height
+            if render_height is not None:
+                render_height = max(0, render_height)
+
+            lines = list(
+                islice(
+                    Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                        _rendered,
+                        render_options.max_width,
+                        include_new_lines=new_lines,
+                        pad=pad,
+                        style=style,
+                    ),
+                    None,
+                    render_height,
+                )
+            )
+            if render_options.height is not None:
+                extra_lines = render_options.height - len(lines)
+                if extra_lines > 0:
+                    pad_line = [
+                        [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style), Segment("\n")]
+                        if new_lines
+                        else [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style)]
+                    ]
+                    lines.extend(pad_line * extra_lines)
+
+            return lines
+
+    def render_str(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlighter: Optional[HighlighterType] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Convert a string to a Text instance. This is called automatically if
+        you print or log a string.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): Text to render.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style to apply to rendered text.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", or "right". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable highlighting, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Optional highlighter to apply.
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable object.
+
+        """
+        emoji_enabled = emoji or (emoji is None and self._emoji)
+        markup_enabled = markup or (markup is None and self._markup)
+        highlight_enabled = highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight)
+
+        if markup_enabled:
+            rich_text = render_markup(
+                text,
+                style=style,
+                emoji=emoji_enabled,
+                emoji_variant=self._emoji_variant,
+            )
+            rich_text.justify = justify
+            rich_text.overflow = overflow
+        else:
+            rich_text = Text(
+                _emoji_replace(text, default_variant=self._emoji_variant)
+                if emoji_enabled
+                else text,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                style=style,
+            )
+
+        _highlighter = (highlighter or self.highlighter) if highlight_enabled else None
+        if _highlighter is not None:
+            highlight_text = _highlighter(str(rich_text))
+            highlight_text.copy_styles(rich_text)
+            return highlight_text
+
+        return rich_text
+
+    def get_style(
+        self, name: Union[str, Style], *, default: Optional[Union[Style, str]] = None
+    ) -> Style:
+        """Get a Style instance by its theme name or parse a definition.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of a style or a style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style object.
+
+        Raises:
+            MissingStyle: If no style could be parsed from name.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(name, Style):
+            return name
+
+        try:
+            style = self._theme_stack.get(name)
+            if style is None:
+                style = Style.parse(name)
+            return style.copy() if style.link else style
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError as error:
+            if default is not None:
+                return self.get_style(default)
+            raise errors.MissingStyle(
+                f"Failed to get style {name!r}; {error}"
+            ) from None
+
+    def _collect_renderables(
+        self,
+        objects: Iterable[Any],
+        sep: str,
+        end: str,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Combine a number of renderables and text into one renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (Iterable[Any]): Anything that Rich can render.
+            sep (str): String to write between print data.
+            end (str): String to write at end of print data.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A list of things to render.
+        """
+        renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable] = []
+        _append = renderables.append
+        text: List[Text] = []
+        append_text = text.append
+
+        append = _append
+        if justify in ("left", "center", "right"):
+
+            def align_append(renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+                _append(Align(renderable, cast(AlignMethod, justify)))
+
+            append = align_append
+
+        _highlighter: HighlighterType = _null_highlighter
+        if highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight):
+            _highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        def check_text() -> None:
+            if text:
+                sep_text = Text(sep, justify=justify, end=end)
+                append(sep_text.join(text))
+                text.clear()
+
+        for renderable in objects:
+            renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+            if isinstance(renderable, str):
+                append_text(
+                    self.render_str(
+                        renderable, emoji=emoji, markup=markup, highlighter=_highlighter
+                    )
+                )
+            elif isinstance(renderable, Text):
+                append_text(renderable)
+            elif isinstance(renderable, ConsoleRenderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(renderable)
+            elif is_expandable(renderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(Pretty(renderable, highlighter=_highlighter))
+            else:
+                append_text(_highlighter(str(renderable)))
+
+        check_text()
+
+        if self.style is not None:
+            style = self.get_style(self.style)
+            renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+        return renderables
+
+    def rule(
+        self,
+        title: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Draw a line with optional centered title.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): Text to render over the rule. Defaults to "".
+            characters (str, optional): Character(s) to form the line. Defaults to "─".
+            style (str, optional): Style of line. Defaults to "rule.line".
+            align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+        """
+        from .rule import Rule
+
+        rule = Rule(title=title, characters=characters, style=style, align=align)
+        self.print(rule)
+
+    def control(self, *control: Control) -> None:
+        """Insert non-printing control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            control_codes (str): Control codes, such as those that may move the cursor.
+        """
+        if not self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            with self:
+                self._buffer.extend(_control.segment for _control in control)
+
+    def out(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Output to the terminal. This is a low-level way of writing to the terminal which unlike
+        :meth:`~rich.console.Console.print` won't pretty print, wrap text, or apply markup, but will
+        optionally apply highlighting and a basic style.
+
+        Args:
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use
+                console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+        """
+        raw_output: str = sep.join(str(_object) for _object in objects)
+        self.print(
+            raw_output,
+            style=style,
+            highlight=highlight,
+            emoji=False,
+            markup=False,
+            no_wrap=True,
+            overflow="ignore",
+            crop=False,
+            end=end,
+        )
+
+    def print(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        crop: bool = True,
+        soft_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        new_line_start: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Print to the console.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "ignore", "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to None.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Width of output, or ``None`` to auto-detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+            crop (Optional[bool], optional): Crop output to width of terminal. Defaults to True.
+            soft_wrap (bool, optional): Enable soft wrap mode which disables word wrapping and cropping of text or ``None`` for
+                Console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            new_line_start (bool, False): Insert a new line at the start if the output contains more than one line. Defaults to ``False``.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        if soft_wrap is None:
+            soft_wrap = self.soft_wrap
+        if soft_wrap:
+            if no_wrap is None:
+                no_wrap = True
+            if overflow is None:
+                overflow = "ignore"
+            crop = False
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            render_options = self.options.update(
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                width=min(width, self.width) if width is not None else NO_CHANGE,
+                height=height,
+                no_wrap=no_wrap,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            if style is None:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            else:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(
+                        Segment.apply_style(
+                            render(renderable, render_options), self.get_style(style)
+                        )
+                    )
+            if new_line_start:
+                if (
+                    len("".join(segment.text for segment in new_segments).splitlines())
+                    > 1
+                ):
+                    new_segments.insert(0, Segment.line())
+            if crop:
+                buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+                for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                    new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+                ):
+                    buffer_extend(line)
+            else:
+                self._buffer.extend(new_segments)
+
+    def print_json(
+        self,
+        json: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        data: Any = None,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            json (Optional[str]): A string containing JSON.
+            data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor.rich.json import JSON
+
+        if json is None:
+            json_renderable = JSON.from_data(
+                data,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(json, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"json must be str. Did you mean print_json(data={json!r}) ?"
+                )
+            json_renderable = JSON(
+                json,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        self.print(json_renderable, soft_wrap=True)
+
+    def update_screen(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        region: Optional[Region] = None,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): A Rich renderable.
+            region (Region, optional): Region of screen to update, or None for entire screen. Defaults to None.
+            x (int, optional): x offset. Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset. Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        render_options = options or self.options
+        if region is None:
+            x = y = 0
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(
+                render_options.max_width, render_options.height or self.height
+            )
+        else:
+            x, y, width, height = region
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+
+        lines = self.render_lines(renderable, options=render_options)
+        self.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def update_screen_lines(
+        self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int = 0, y: int = 0
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update lines of the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): Rendered lines (as produced by :meth:`~rich.Console.render_lines`).
+            x (int, optional): x offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        screen_update = ScreenUpdate(lines, x, y)
+        segments = self.render(screen_update)
+        self._buffer.extend(segments)
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def print_exception(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prints a rich render of the last exception and traceback.
+
+        Args:
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render code. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+        """
+        from .traceback import Traceback
+
+        traceback = Traceback(
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+        self.print(traceback)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _caller_frame_info(
+        offset: int,
+        currentframe: Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]] = inspect.currentframe,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get caller frame information.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): the caller offset within the current frame stack.
+            currentframe (Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]], optional): the callable to use to
+                retrieve the current frame. Defaults to ``inspect.currentframe``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]: A tuple containing the filename, the line number and
+                the dictionary of local variables associated with the caller frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the stack offset is invalid.
+        """
+        # Ignore the frame of this local helper
+        offset += 1
+
+        frame = currentframe()
+        if frame is not None:
+            # Use the faster currentframe where implemented
+            while offset and frame is not None:
+                frame = frame.f_back
+                offset -= 1
+            assert frame is not None
+            return frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno, frame.f_locals
+        else:
+            # Fallback to the slower stack
+            frame_info = inspect.stack()[offset]
+            return frame_info.filename, frame_info.lineno, frame_info.frame.f_locals
+
+    def log(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        log_locals: bool = False,
+        _stack_offset: int = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Log rich content to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            log_locals (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of locals where ``log()``
+                was called. Defaults to False.
+            _stack_offset (int, optional): Offset of caller from end of call stack. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            if style is not None:
+                renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+            filename, line_no, locals = self._caller_frame_info(_stack_offset)
+            link_path = None if filename.startswith("<") else os.path.abspath(filename)
+            path = filename.rpartition(os.sep)[-1]
+            if log_locals:
+                locals_map = {
+                    key: value
+                    for key, value in locals.items()
+                    if not key.startswith("__")
+                }
+                renderables.append(render_scope(locals_map, title="[i]locals"))
+
+            renderables = [
+                self._log_render(
+                    self,
+                    renderables,
+                    log_time=self.get_datetime(),
+                    path=path,
+                    line_no=line_no,
+                    link_path=link_path,
+                )
+            ]
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            render_options = self.options
+            for renderable in renderables:
+                extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+            for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+            ):
+                buffer_extend(line)
+
+    def _check_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Check if the buffer may be rendered. Render it if it can (e.g. Console.quiet is False)
+        Rendering is supported on Windows, Unix and Jupyter environments. For
+        legacy Windows consoles, the win32 API is called directly.
+        This method will also record what it renders if recording is enabled via Console.record.
+        """
+        if self.quiet:
+            del self._buffer[:]
+            return
+        with self._lock:
+            if self.record:
+                with self._record_buffer_lock:
+                    self._record_buffer.extend(self._buffer[:])
+
+            if self._buffer_index == 0:
+                if self.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                    from .jupyter import display
+
+                    display(self._buffer, self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:]))
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+                else:
+                    if WINDOWS:
+                        use_legacy_windows_render = False
+                        if self.legacy_windows:
+                            fileno = get_fileno(self.file)
+                            if fileno is not None:
+                                use_legacy_windows_render = (
+                                    fileno in _STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT
+                                )
+
+                        if use_legacy_windows_render:
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._windows_renderer import legacy_windows_render
+
+                            buffer = self._buffer[:]
+                            if self.no_color and self._color_system:
+                                buffer = list(Segment.remove_color(buffer))
+
+                            legacy_windows_render(buffer, LegacyWindowsTerm(self.file))
+                        else:
+                            # Either a non-std stream on legacy Windows, or modern Windows.
+                            text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                            # https://bugs.python.org/issue37871
+                            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82052
+                            # We need to avoid writing more than 32Kb in a single write, due to the above bug
+                            write = self.file.write
+                            # Worse case scenario, every character is 4 bytes of utf-8
+                            MAX_WRITE = 32 * 1024 // 4
+                            try:
+                                if len(text) <= MAX_WRITE:
+                                    write(text)
+                                else:
+                                    batch: List[str] = []
+                                    batch_append = batch.append
+                                    size = 0
+                                    for line in text.splitlines(True):
+                                        if size + len(line) > MAX_WRITE and batch:
+                                            write("".join(batch))
+                                            batch.clear()
+                                            size = 0
+                                        batch_append(line)
+                                        size += len(line)
+                                    if batch:
+                                        write("".join(batch))
+                                        batch.clear()
+                            except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                                error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                                raise
+                    else:
+                        text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                        try:
+                            self.file.write(text)
+                        except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                            error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                            raise
+
+                    self.file.flush()
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+
+    def _render_buffer(self, buffer: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+        """Render buffered output, and clear buffer."""
+        output: List[str] = []
+        append = output.append
+        color_system = self._color_system
+        legacy_windows = self.legacy_windows
+        not_terminal = not self.is_terminal
+        if self.no_color and color_system:
+            buffer = Segment.remove_color(buffer)
+        for text, style, control in buffer:
+            if style:
+                append(
+                    style.render(
+                        text,
+                        color_system=color_system,
+                        legacy_windows=legacy_windows,
+                    )
+                )
+            elif not (not_terminal and control):
+                append(text)
+
+        rendered = "".join(output)
+        return rendered
+
+    def input(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        password: bool = False,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Displays a prompt and waits for input from the user. The prompt may contain color / style.
+
+        It works in the same way as Python's builtin :func:`input` function and provides elaborate line editing and history features if Python's builtin :mod:`readline` module is previously loaded.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (Union[str, Text]): Text to render in the prompt.
+            markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            password: (bool, optional): Hide typed text. Defaults to False.
+            stream: (TextIO, optional): Optional file to read input from (rather than stdin). Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Text read from stdin.
+        """
+        if prompt:
+            self.print(prompt, markup=markup, emoji=emoji, end="")
+        if password:
+            result = getpass("", stream=stream)
+        else:
+            if stream:
+                result = stream.readline()
+            else:
+                result = input()
+        return result
+
+    def export_text(self, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Generate text from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi escape codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents.
+
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if styles:
+                text = "".join(
+                    (style.render(text) if style else text)
+                    for text, style, _ in self._record_buffer
+                )
+            else:
+                text = "".join(
+                    segment.text
+                    for segment in self._record_buffer
+                    if not segment.control
+                )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return text
+
+    def save_text(self, path: str, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Generate text from console and save to a given location (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write text files.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi style codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        """
+        text = self.export_text(clear=clear, styles=styles)
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(text)
+
+    def export_html(
+        self,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: Optional[str] = None,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents as HTML.
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+        fragments: List[str] = []
+        append = fragments.append
+        _theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        stylesheet = ""
+
+        render_code_format = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT if code_format is None else code_format
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if inline_styles:
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+                    append(text)
+            else:
+                styles: Dict[str, int] = {}
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        style_number = styles.setdefault(rule, len(styles) + 1)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a class="r{style_number}" href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        else:
+                            text = f'<span class="r{style_number}">{text}</span>'
+                    append(text)
+                stylesheet_rules: List[str] = []
+                stylesheet_append = stylesheet_rules.append
+                for style_rule, style_number in styles.items():
+                    if style_rule:
+                        stylesheet_append(f".r{style_number} {{{style_rule}}}")
+                stylesheet = "\n".join(stylesheet_rules)
+
+            rendered_code = render_code_format.format(
+                code="".join(fragments),
+                stylesheet=stylesheet,
+                foreground=_theme.foreground_color.hex,
+                background=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return rendered_code
+
+    def save_html(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents and write to a file (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write html file.
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        """
+        html = self.export_html(
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            inline_styles=inline_styles,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(html)
+
+    def export_svg(
+        self,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate an SVG from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich.cells import cell_len
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Style, str] = {}
+
+        def get_svg_style(style: Style) -> str:
+            """Convert a Style to CSS rules for SVG."""
+            if style in style_cache:
+                return style_cache[style]
+            css_rules = []
+            color = (
+                _theme.foreground_color
+                if (style.color is None or style.color.is_default)
+                else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            bgcolor = (
+                _theme.background_color
+                if (style.bgcolor is None or style.bgcolor.is_default)
+                else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            if style.reverse:
+                color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+            if style.dim:
+                color = blend_rgb(color, bgcolor, 0.4)
+            css_rules.append(f"fill: {color.hex}")
+            if style.bold:
+                css_rules.append("font-weight: bold")
+            if style.italic:
+                css_rules.append("font-style: italic;")
+            if style.underline:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: underline;")
+            if style.strike:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: line-through;")
+
+            css = ";".join(css_rules)
+            style_cache[style] = css
+            return css
+
+        _theme = theme or SVG_EXPORT_THEME
+
+        width = self.width
+        char_height = 20
+        char_width = char_height * font_aspect_ratio
+        line_height = char_height * 1.22
+
+        margin_top = 1
+        margin_right = 1
+        margin_bottom = 1
+        margin_left = 1
+
+        padding_top = 40
+        padding_right = 8
+        padding_bottom = 8
+        padding_left = 8
+
+        padding_width = padding_left + padding_right
+        padding_height = padding_top + padding_bottom
+        margin_width = margin_left + margin_right
+        margin_height = margin_top + margin_bottom
+
+        text_backgrounds: List[str] = []
+        text_group: List[str] = []
+        classes: Dict[str, int] = {}
+        style_no = 1
+
+        def escape_text(text: str) -> str:
+            """HTML escape text and replace spaces with nbsp."""
+            return escape(text).replace(" ", "&#160;")
+
+        def make_tag(
+            name: str, content: Optional[str] = None, **attribs: object
+        ) -> str:
+            """Make a tag from name, content, and attributes."""
+
+            def stringify(value: object) -> str:
+                if isinstance(value, (float)):
+                    return format(value, "g")
+                return str(value)
+
+            tag_attribs = " ".join(
+                f'{k.lstrip("_").replace("_", "-")}="{stringify(v)}"'
+                for k, v in attribs.items()
+            )
+            return (
+                f"<{name} {tag_attribs}>{content}</{name}>"
+                if content
+                else f"<{name} {tag_attribs}/>"
+            )
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            segments = list(Segment.filter_control(self._record_buffer))
+            if clear:
+                self._record_buffer.clear()
+
+        if unique_id is None:
+            unique_id = "terminal-" + str(
+                zlib.adler32(
+                    ("".join(repr(segment) for segment in segments)).encode(
+                        "utf-8",
+                        "ignore",
+                    )
+                    + title.encode("utf-8", "ignore")
+                )
+            )
+        y = 0
+        for y, line in enumerate(Segment.split_and_crop_lines(segments, length=width)):
+            x = 0
+            for text, style, _control in line:
+                style = style or Style()
+                rules = get_svg_style(style)
+                if rules not in classes:
+                    classes[rules] = style_no
+                    style_no += 1
+                class_name = f"r{classes[rules]}"
+
+                if style.reverse:
+                    has_background = True
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.foreground_color.hex
+                        if style.color is None
+                        else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+                else:
+                    bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+                    has_background = bgcolor is not None and not bgcolor.is_default
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.background_color.hex
+                        if style.bgcolor is None
+                        else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+
+                text_length = cell_len(text)
+                if has_background:
+                    text_backgrounds.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "rect",
+                            fill=background,
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + 1.5,
+                            width=char_width * text_length,
+                            height=line_height + 0.25,
+                            shape_rendering="crispEdges",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                if text != " " * len(text):
+                    text_group.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "text",
+                            escape_text(text),
+                            _class=f"{unique_id}-{class_name}",
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + char_height,
+                            textLength=char_width * len(text),
+                            clip_path=f"url(#{unique_id}-line-{y})",
+                        )
+                    )
+                x += cell_len(text)
+
+        line_offsets = [line_no * line_height + 1.5 for line_no in range(y)]
+        lines = "\n".join(
+            f"""<clipPath id="{unique_id}-line-{line_no}">
+    {make_tag("rect", x=0, y=offset, width=char_width * width, height=line_height + 0.25)}
+            </clipPath>"""
+            for line_no, offset in enumerate(line_offsets)
+        )
+
+        styles = "\n".join(
+            f".{unique_id}-r{rule_no} {{ {css} }}" for css, rule_no in classes.items()
+        )
+        backgrounds = "".join(text_backgrounds)
+        matrix = "".join(text_group)
+
+        terminal_width = ceil(width * char_width + padding_width)
+        terminal_height = (y + 1) * line_height + padding_height
+        chrome = make_tag(
+            "rect",
+            fill=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.35)",
+            stroke_width="1",
+            x=margin_left,
+            y=margin_top,
+            width=terminal_width,
+            height=terminal_height,
+            rx=8,
+        )
+
+        title_color = _theme.foreground_color.hex
+        if title:
+            chrome += make_tag(
+                "text",
+                escape_text(title),
+                _class=f"{unique_id}-title",
+                fill=title_color,
+                text_anchor="middle",
+                x=terminal_width // 2,
+                y=margin_top + char_height + 6,
+            )
+        chrome += f"""
+            <g transform="translate(26,22)">
+            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#ff5f57"/>
+            <circle cx="22" cy="0" r="7" fill="#febc2e"/>
+            <circle cx="44" cy="0" r="7" fill="#28c840"/>
+            </g>
+        """
+
+        svg = code_format.format(
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+            char_width=char_width,
+            char_height=char_height,
+            line_height=line_height,
+            terminal_width=char_width * width - 1,
+            terminal_height=(y + 1) * line_height - 1,
+            width=terminal_width + margin_width,
+            height=terminal_height + margin_height,
+            terminal_x=margin_left + padding_left,
+            terminal_y=margin_top + padding_top,
+            styles=styles,
+            chrome=chrome,
+            backgrounds=backgrounds,
+            matrix=matrix,
+            lines=lines,
+        )
+        return svg
+
+    def save_svg(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate an SVG file from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): The path to write the SVG to.
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+        svg = self.export_svg(
+            title=title,
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            font_aspect_ratio=font_aspect_ratio,
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(svg)
+
+
+def _svg_hash(svg_main_code: str) -> str:
+    """Returns a unique hash for the given SVG main code.
+
+    Args:
+        svg_main_code (str): The content we're going to inject in the SVG envelope.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: a hash of the given content
+    """
+    return str(zlib.adler32(svg_main_code.encode()))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    console.log(
+        "JSONRPC [i]request[/i]",
+        5,
+        1.3,
+        True,
+        False,
+        None,
+        {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "subtract",
+            "params": {"minuend": 42, "subtrahend": 23},
+            "id": 3,
+        },
+    )
+
+    console.log("Hello, World!", "{'a': 1}", repr(console))
+
+    console.print(
+        {
+            "name": None,
+            "empty": [],
+            "quiz": {
+                "sport": {
+                    "answered": True,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "Which one is correct team name in NBA?",
+                        "options": [
+                            "New York Bulls",
+                            "Los Angeles Kings",
+                            "Golden State Warriors",
+                            "Huston Rocket",
+                        ],
+                        "answer": "Huston Rocket",
+                    },
+                },
+                "maths": {
+                    "answered": False,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "5 + 7 = ?",
+                        "options": [10, 11, 12, 13],
+                        "answer": 12,
+                    },
+                    "q2": {
+                        "question": "12 - 8 = ?",
+                        "options": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                        "answer": 4,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65fdf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Constrain(JupyterMixin):
+    """Constrain the width of a renderable to a given number of characters.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+        width (int, optional): The maximum width (in characters) to render. Defaults to 80.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", width: Optional[int] = 80) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.width = width
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.width is None:
+            yield self.renderable
+        else:
+            child_options = options.update_width(min(self.width, options.max_width))
+            yield from console.render(self.renderable, child_options)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.width is not None:
+            options = options.update_width(self.width)
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..901ff8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+    )
+    from .text import Text
+
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Renderables:
+    """A list subclass which renders its contents to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderables: Optional[Iterable["RenderableType"]] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderables: List["RenderableType"] = (
+            list(renderables) if renderables is not None else []
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._renderables
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        dimensions = [
+            Measurement.get(console, options, renderable)
+            for renderable in self._renderables
+        ]
+        if not dimensions:
+            return Measurement(1, 1)
+        _min = max(dimension.minimum for dimension in dimensions)
+        _max = max(dimension.maximum for dimension in dimensions)
+        return Measurement(_min, _max)
+
+    def append(self, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+        self._renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        return iter(self._renderables)
+
+
+class Lines:
+    """A list subclass which can render to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable["Text"] = ()) -> None:
+        self._lines: List["Text"] = list(lines)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Lines({self._lines!r})"
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator["Text"]:
+        return iter(self._lines)
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> "Text":
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List["Text"]:
+        ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Union[slice, int]) -> Union["Text", List["Text"]]:
+        return self._lines[index]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index: int, value: "Text") -> "Lines":
+        self._lines[index] = value
+        return self
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._lines.__len__()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._lines
+
+    def append(self, line: "Text") -> None:
+        self._lines.append(line)
+
+    def extend(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> None:
+        self._lines.extend(lines)
+
+    def pop(self, index: int = -1) -> "Text":
+        return self._lines.pop(index)
+
+    def justify(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "fold",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Justify and overflow text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of cells available per line.
+            justify (str, optional): Default justify method for text: "left", "center", "full" or "right". Defaults to "left".
+            overflow (str, optional): Default overflow for text: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to "fold".
+
+        """
+        from .text import Text
+
+        if justify == "left":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow, pad=True)
+        elif justify == "center":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left((width - cell_len(line.plain)) // 2)
+                line.pad_right(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "right":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "full":
+            for line_index, line in enumerate(self._lines):
+                if line_index == len(self._lines) - 1:
+                    break
+                words = line.split(" ")
+                words_size = sum(cell_len(word.plain) for word in words)
+                num_spaces = len(words) - 1
+                spaces = [1 for _ in range(num_spaces)]
+                index = 0
+                if spaces:
+                    while words_size + num_spaces < width:
+                        spaces[len(spaces) - index - 1] += 1
+                        num_spaces += 1
+                        index = (index + 1) % len(spaces)
+                tokens: List[Text] = []
+                for index, (word, next_word) in enumerate(
+                    zip_longest(words, words[1:])
+                ):
+                    tokens.append(word)
+                    if index < len(spaces):
+                        style = word.get_style_at_offset(console, -1)
+                        next_style = next_word.get_style_at_offset(console, 0)
+                        space_style = style if style == next_style else line.style
+                        tokens.append(Text(" " * spaces[index], style=space_style))
+                self[line_index] = Text("").join(tokens)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88fcb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Union
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Final
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Final  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+STRIP_CONTROL_CODES: Final = [
+    7,  # Bell
+    8,  # Backspace
+    11,  # Vertical tab
+    12,  # Form feed
+    13,  # Carriage return
+]
+_CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE: Final = {
+    _codepoint: None for _codepoint in STRIP_CONTROL_CODES
+}
+
+CONTROL_ESCAPE: Final = {
+    7: "\\a",
+    8: "\\b",
+    11: "\\v",
+    12: "\\f",
+    13: "\\r",
+}
+
+CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT: Dict[int, Callable[..., str]] = {
+    ControlType.BELL: lambda: "\x07",
+    ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN: lambda: "\r",
+    ControlType.HOME: lambda: "\x1b[H",
+    ControlType.CLEAR: lambda: "\x1b[2J",
+    ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049h",
+    ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049l",
+    ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25h",
+    ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25l",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_UP: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}A",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}B",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}C",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}D",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param+1}G",
+    ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}K",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO: lambda x, y: f"\x1b[{y+1};{x+1}H",
+    ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE: lambda title: f"\x1b]0;{title}\x07",
+}
+
+
+class Control:
+    """A renderable that inserts a control code (non printable but may move cursor).
+
+    Args:
+        *codes (str): Positional arguments are either a :class:`~rich.segment.ControlType` enum or a
+            tuple of ControlType and an integer parameter
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["segment"]
+
+    def __init__(self, *codes: Union[ControlType, ControlCode]) -> None:
+        control_codes: List[ControlCode] = [
+            (code,) if isinstance(code, ControlType) else code for code in codes
+        ]
+        _format_map = CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT
+        rendered_codes = "".join(
+            _format_map[code](*parameters) for code, *parameters in control_codes
+        )
+        self.segment = Segment(rendered_codes, None, control_codes)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def bell(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Ring the 'bell'."""
+        return cls(ControlType.BELL)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def home(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to 'home' position."""
+        return cls(ControlType.HOME)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move(cls, x: int = 0, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor relative to current position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): X offset.
+            y (int): Y offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+
+        """
+
+        def get_codes() -> Iterable[ControlCode]:
+            control = ControlType
+            if x:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_FORWARD if x > 0 else control.CURSOR_BACKWARD,
+                    abs(x),
+                )
+            if y:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else control.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                )
+
+        control = cls(*get_codes())
+        return control
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to_column(cls, x: int, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move to the given column, optionally add offset to row.
+
+        Returns:
+            x (int): absolute x (column)
+            y (int): optional y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+
+        return (
+            cls(
+                (ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x),
+                (
+                    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else ControlType.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                ),
+            )
+            if y
+            else cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to(cls, x: int, y: int) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to absolute position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): x offset (column)
+            y (int): y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO, x, y))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Clear the screen."""
+        return cls(ControlType.CLEAR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def show_cursor(cls, show: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Show or hide the cursor."""
+        return cls(ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR if show else ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def alt_screen(cls, enable: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Enable or disable alt screen."""
+        if enable:
+            return cls(ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN, ControlType.HOME)
+        else:
+            return cls(ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def title(cls, title: str) -> "Control":
+        """Set the terminal window title
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new terminal window title
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, title))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.segment.text
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.segment.text:
+            yield self.segment
+
+
+def strip_control_codes(
+    text: str, _translate_table: Dict[int, None] = _CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE
+) -> str:
+    """Remove control codes from text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly contain control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes removed.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+def escape_control_codes(
+    text: str,
+    _translate_table: Dict[int, str] = CONTROL_ESCAPE,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace control codes with their "escaped" equivalent in the given text.
+    (e.g. "\b" becomes "\\b")
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly containing control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes replaced with their escaped version.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("Look at the title of your terminal window ^")
+    # console.print(Control((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, "Hello, world!")))
+    for i in range(10):
+        console.set_window_title("🚀 Loading" + "." * i)
+        time.sleep(0.5)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dca3719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from .style import Style
+
+DEFAULT_STYLES: Dict[str, Style] = {
+    "none": Style.null(),
+    "reset": Style(
+        color="default",
+        bgcolor="default",
+        dim=False,
+        bold=False,
+        italic=False,
+        underline=False,
+        blink=False,
+        blink2=False,
+        reverse=False,
+        conceal=False,
+        strike=False,
+    ),
+    "dim": Style(dim=True),
+    "bright": Style(dim=False),
+    "bold": Style(bold=True),
+    "strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "code": Style(reverse=True, bold=True),
+    "italic": Style(italic=True),
+    "emphasize": Style(italic=True),
+    "underline": Style(underline=True),
+    "blink": Style(blink=True),
+    "blink2": Style(blink2=True),
+    "reverse": Style(reverse=True),
+    "strike": Style(strike=True),
+    "black": Style(color="black"),
+    "red": Style(color="red"),
+    "green": Style(color="green"),
+    "yellow": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "magenta": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "cyan": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "white": Style(color="white"),
+    "inspect.attr": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "inspect.attr.dunder": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "inspect.callable": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.async_def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.class": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.error": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.equals": Style(),
+    "inspect.help": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "inspect.doc": Style(dim=True),
+    "inspect.value.border": Style(color="green"),
+    "live.ellipsis": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.row": Style(dim=False, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.column": Style(dim=False, color="blue"),
+    "logging.keyword": Style(bold=True, color="yellow"),
+    "logging.level.notset": Style(dim=True),
+    "logging.level.debug": Style(color="green"),
+    "logging.level.info": Style(color="blue"),
+    "logging.level.warning": Style(color="red"),
+    "logging.level.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "logging.level.critical": Style(color="red", bold=True, reverse=True),
+    "log.level": Style.null(),
+    "log.time": Style(color="cyan", dim=True),
+    "log.message": Style.null(),
+    "log.path": Style(dim=True),
+    "repr.ellipsis": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "repr.indent": Style(color="green", dim=True),
+    "repr.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "repr.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.comma": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.ipv4": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.ipv6": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui48": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui64": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.tag_start": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_name": Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_contents": Style(color="default"),
+    "repr.tag_end": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_name": Style(color="yellow", italic=False),
+    "repr.attrib_equal": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_value": Style(color="magenta", italic=False),
+    "repr.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "repr.number_complex": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),  # same
+    "repr.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "repr.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "repr.none": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "repr.url": Style(underline=True, color="bright_blue", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.uuid": Style(color="bright_yellow", bold=False),
+    "repr.call": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.path": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "repr.filename": Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    "rule.line": Style(color="bright_green"),
+    "rule.text": Style.null(),
+    "json.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "json.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "json.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "json.null": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "json.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "json.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "json.key": Style(color="blue", bold=True),
+    "prompt": Style.null(),
+    "prompt.choices": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "prompt.default": Style(color="cyan", bold=True),
+    "prompt.invalid": Style(color="red"),
+    "prompt.invalid.choice": Style(color="red"),
+    "pretty": Style.null(),
+    "scope.border": Style(color="blue"),
+    "scope.key": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "scope.key.special": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "scope.equals": Style(color="red"),
+    "table.header": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.footer": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.cell": Style.null(),
+    "table.title": Style(italic=True),
+    "table.caption": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "traceback.error": Style(color="red", italic=True),
+    "traceback.border.syntax_error": Style(color="bright_red"),
+    "traceback.border": Style(color="red"),
+    "traceback.text": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.title": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_type": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_value": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.offset": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "bar.back": Style(color="grey23"),
+    "bar.complete": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "bar.finished": Style(color="rgb(114,156,31)"),
+    "bar.pulse": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "progress.description": Style.null(),
+    "progress.filesize": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.filesize.total": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.download": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.elapsed": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "progress.percentage": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "progress.remaining": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "progress.data.speed": Style(color="red"),
+    "progress.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "status.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "tree": Style(),
+    "tree.line": Style(),
+    "markdown.paragraph": Style(),
+    "markdown.text": Style(),
+    "markdown.em": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.emph": Style(italic=True),  # For commonmark backwards compatibility
+    "markdown.strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.code": Style(bold=True, color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.code_block": Style(color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.block_quote": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "markdown.list": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "markdown.item": Style(),
+    "markdown.item.bullet": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.item.number": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.hr": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "markdown.h1.border": Style(),
+    "markdown.h1": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h2": Style(bold=True, underline=True),
+    "markdown.h3": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h4": Style(bold=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.h5": Style(underline=True),
+    "markdown.h6": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.h7": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.link": Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    "markdown.link_url": Style(color="blue", underline=True),
+    "markdown.s": Style(strike=True),
+    "iso8601.date": Style(color="blue"),
+    "iso8601.time": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "iso8601.timezone": Style(color="yellow"),
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import io
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--html", action="store_true", help="Export as HTML table")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    html: bool = args.html
+    console = Console(record=True, width=70, file=io.StringIO()) if html else Console()
+
+    table = Table("Name", "Styling")
+
+    for style_name, style in DEFAULT_STYLES.items():
+        table.add_row(Text(style_name, style=style), str(style))
+
+    console.print(table)
+    if html:
+        print(console.export_html(inline_styles=True))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad36183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import inspect
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, get_windows_console_features
+from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+
+
+def report() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Print a report to the terminal with debugging information"""
+    console = Console()
+    inspect(console)
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    inspect(features)
+
+    env_names = (
+        "TERM",
+        "COLORTERM",
+        "CLICOLOR",
+        "NO_COLOR",
+        "TERM_PROGRAM",
+        "COLUMNS",
+        "LINES",
+        "JUPYTER_COLUMNS",
+        "JUPYTER_LINES",
+        "JPY_PARENT_PID",
+        "VSCODE_VERBOSE_LOGGING",
+    )
+    env = {name: os.getenv(name) for name in env_names}
+    console.print(Panel.fit((Pretty(env)), title="[b]Environment Variables"))
+
+    console.print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    report()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791f046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+
+EmojiVariant = Literal["emoji", "text"]
+
+
+class NoEmoji(Exception):
+    """No emoji by that name."""
+
+
+class Emoji(JupyterMixin):
+    __slots__ = ["name", "style", "_char", "variant"]
+
+    VARIANTS = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A single emoji character.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of emoji.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Optional style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Raises:
+            NoEmoji: If the emoji doesn't exist.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.style = style
+        self.variant = variant
+        try:
+            self._char = EMOJI[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoEmoji(f"No emoji called {name!r}")
+        if variant is not None:
+            self._char += self.VARIANTS.get(variant, "")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def replace(cls, text: str) -> str:
+        """Replace emoji markup with corresponding unicode characters.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string with emojis codes, e.g. "Hello :smiley:!"
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string with emoji codes replaces with actual emoji.
+        """
+        return _emoji_replace(text)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<emoji {self.name!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._char
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield Segment(self._char, console.get_style(self.style))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    columns = Columns(
+        (f":{name}: {name}" for name in sorted(EMOJI.keys()) if "\u200D" not in name),
+        column_first=True,
+    )
+
+    console.print(columns)
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        console.save_html(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bcbe53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class ConsoleError(Exception):
+    """An error in console operation."""
+
+
+class StyleError(Exception):
+    """An error in styles."""
+
+
+class StyleSyntaxError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class MissingStyle(StyleError):
+    """No such style."""
+
+
+class StyleStackError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style stack is invalid."""
+
+
+class NotRenderableError(ConsoleError):
+    """Object is not renderable."""
+
+
+class MarkupError(ConsoleError):
+    """Markup was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class LiveError(ConsoleError):
+    """Error related to Live display."""
+
+
+class NoAltScreen(ConsoleError):
+    """Alt screen mode was required."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0b0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List
+
+from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+
+class FileProxy(io.TextIOBase):
+    """Wraps a file (e.g. sys.stdout) and redirects writes to a console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.__console = console
+        self.__file = file
+        self.__buffer: List[str] = []
+        self.__ansi_decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    @property
+    def rich_proxied_file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get proxied file."""
+        return self.__file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.__file, name)
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"write() argument must be str, not {type(text).__name__}")
+        buffer = self.__buffer
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        while text:
+            line, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+            if new_line:
+                lines.append("".join(buffer) + line)
+                buffer.clear()
+            else:
+                buffer.append(line)
+                break
+        if lines:
+            console = self.__console
+            with console:
+                output = Text("\n").join(
+                    self.__ansi_decoder.decode_line(line) for line in lines
+                )
+                console.print(output)
+        return len(text)
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        output = "".join(self.__buffer)
+        if output:
+            self.__console.print(output)
+        del self.__buffer[:]
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.__file.fileno()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f118e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Functions for reporting filesizes. Borrowed from https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2
+
+The functions declared in this module should cover the different
+use cases needed to generate a string representation of a file size
+using several different units. Since there are many standards regarding
+file size units, three different functions have been implemented.
+
+See Also:
+    * `Wikipedia: Binary prefix <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix>`_
+
+"""
+
+__all__ = ["decimal"]
+
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def _to_str(
+    size: int,
+    suffixes: Iterable[str],
+    base: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    if size == 1:
+        return "1 byte"
+    elif size < base:
+        return "{:,} bytes".format(size)
+
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes, 2):  # noqa: B007
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit:
+            break
+    return "{:,.{precision}f}{separator}{}".format(
+        (base * size / unit),
+        suffix,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
+
+
+def pick_unit_and_suffix(size: int, suffixes: List[str], base: int) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Pick a suffix and base for the given size."""
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes):
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit * base:
+            break
+    return unit, suffix
+
+
+def decimal(
+    size: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a filesize in to a string (powers of 1000, SI prefixes).
+
+    In this convention, ``1000 B = 1 kB``.
+
+    This is typically the format used to advertise the storage
+    capacity of USB flash drives and the like (*256 MB* meaning
+    actually a storage capacity of more than *256 000 000 B*),
+    or used by **Mac OS X** since v10.6 to report file sizes.
+
+    Arguments:
+        int (size): A file size.
+        int (precision): The number of decimal places to include (default = 1).
+        str (separator): The string to separate the value from the units (default = " ").
+
+    Returns:
+        `str`: A string containing a abbreviated file size and units.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000)
+        '30.0 kB'
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000, precision=2, separator="")
+        '30.00kB'
+
+    """
+    return _to_str(
+        size,
+        ("kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"),
+        1000,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27714b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+
+def _combine_regex(*regexes: str) -> str:
+    """Combine a number of regexes in to a single regex.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: New regex with all regexes ORed together.
+    """
+    return "|".join(regexes)
+
+
+class Highlighter(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for highlighters."""
+
+    def __call__(self, text: Union[str, Text]) -> Text:
+        """Highlight a str or Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[str, ~Text]): Text to highlight.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If not called with text or str.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A test instance with highlighting applied.
+        """
+        if isinstance(text, str):
+            highlight_text = Text(text)
+        elif isinstance(text, Text):
+            highlight_text = text.copy()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"str or Text instance required, not {text!r}")
+        self.highlight(highlight_text)
+        return highlight_text
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Apply highlighting in place to text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): A text object highlight.
+        """
+
+
+class NullHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """A highlighter object that doesn't highlight.
+
+    May be used to disable highlighting entirely.
+
+    """
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Nothing to do"""
+
+
+class RegexHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """Applies highlighting from a list of regular expressions."""
+
+    highlights: List[str] = []
+    base_style: str = ""
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Highlight :class:`rich.text.Text` using regular expressions.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): Text to highlighted.
+
+        """
+
+        highlight_regex = text.highlight_regex
+        for re_highlight in self.highlights:
+            highlight_regex(re_highlight, style_prefix=self.base_style)
+
+
+class ReprHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the text typically produced from ``__repr__`` methods."""
+
+    base_style = "repr."
+    highlights = [
+        r"(?P<tag_start><)(?P<tag_name>[-\w.:|]*)(?P<tag_contents>[\w\W]*)(?P<tag_end>>)",
+        r'(?P<attrib_name>[\w_]{1,50})=(?P<attrib_value>"?[\w_]+"?)?',
+        r"(?P<brace>[][{}()])",
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<ipv4>[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})",
+            r"(?P<ipv6>([A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4}::?){1,7}[A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4})",
+            r"(?P<eui64>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<eui48>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<uuid>[a-fA-F0-9]{8}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{12})",
+            r"(?P<call>[\w.]*?)\(",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>True)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>False)\b|\b(?P<none>None)\b",
+            r"(?P<ellipsis>\.\.\.)",
+            r"(?P<number_complex>(?<!\w)(?:\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+?)?)(?:[-+](?:[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+)?))?j)",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[-+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            r"(?P<path>\B(/[-\w._+]+)*\/)(?P<filename>[-\w._+]*)?",
+            r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?'''.*?(?<!\\)'''|b?'.*?(?<!\\)'|b?\"\"\".*?(?<!\\)\"\"\"|b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")",
+            r"(?P<url>(file|https|http|ws|wss)://[-0-9a-zA-Z$_+!`(),.?/;:&=%#~]*)",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+class JSONHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights JSON"""
+
+    # Captures the start and end of JSON strings, handling escaped quotes
+    JSON_STR = r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")"
+    JSON_WHITESPACE = {" ", "\n", "\r", "\t"}
+
+    base_style = "json."
+    highlights = [
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<brace>[\{\[\(\)\]\}])",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>true)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>false)\b|\b(?P<null>null)\b",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[\-\+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            JSON_STR,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        super().highlight(text)
+
+        # Additional work to handle highlighting JSON keys
+        plain = text.plain
+        append = text.spans.append
+        whitespace = self.JSON_WHITESPACE
+        for match in re.finditer(self.JSON_STR, plain):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            cursor = end
+            while cursor < len(plain):
+                char = plain[cursor]
+                cursor += 1
+                if char == ":":
+                    append(Span(start, end, "json.key"))
+                elif char in whitespace:
+                    continue
+                break
+
+
+class ISO8601Highlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the ISO8601 date time strings.
+    Regex reference: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9781449327453/ch04s07.html
+    """
+
+    base_style = "iso8601."
+    highlights = [
+        #
+        # Dates
+        #
+        # Calendar month (e.g. 2008-08). The hyphen is required
+        r"^(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])$",
+        # Calendar date w/o hyphens (e.g. 20080830)
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))$",
+        # Ordinal date (e.g. 2008-243). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?(?P<day>36[0-6]|3[0-5][0-9]|[12][0-9]{2}|0[1-9][0-9]|00[1-9]))$",
+        #
+        # Weeks
+        #
+        # Week of the year (e.g., 2008-W35). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9]))$",
+        # Week date (e.g., 2008-W35-6). The hyphens are optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9])-?(?P<day>[1-7]))$",
+        #
+        # Times
+        #
+        # Hours and minutes (e.g., 17:21). The colon is optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):?(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds w/o colons (e.g., 172159)
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Time zone designator (e.g., Z, +07 or +07:00). The colons and the minutes are optional
+        r"^(?P<timezone>(Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds with time zone designator (e.g., 17:21:59+07:00).
+        # All the colons are optional. The minutes in the time zone designator are also optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?)$",
+        #
+        # Date and Time
+        #
+        # Calendar date with hours, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 2008-08-30 17:21:59 or 20080830 172159).
+        # A space is required between the date and the time. The hyphens and colons are optional.
+        # This regex matches dates and times that specify some hyphens or colons but omit others.
+        # This does not follow ISO 8601
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<hyphen>-)?(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?(hyphen)-)(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9])) (?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        #
+        # XML Schema dates and times
+        #
+        # Date, with optional time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30 or 2008-08-30+07:00).
+        # Hyphens are required. This is the XML Schema 'date' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 01:45:36 or 01:45:36.123+07:00).
+        # There is no limit on the number of digits for the fractional seconds. This is the XML Schema 'time' type
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<frac>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Date and time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30T01:45:36 or 2008-08-30T01:45:36.123Z).
+        # This is the XML Schema 'dateTime' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))T(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+    ]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("[bold green]hello world![/bold green]")
+    console.print("'[bold green]hello world![/bold green]'")
+
+    console.print(" /foo")
+    console.print("/foo/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar")
+    console.print("foo/bar/baz")
+
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz?foo=bar+egg&egg=baz")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print(" /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/ba._++z/egg+.py word")
+    console.print("https://example.org?foo=bar#header")
+
+    console.print(1234567.34)
+    console.print(1 / 2)
+    console.print(-1 / 123123123123)
+
+    console.print(
+        "127.0.1.1 bar 192.168.1.4 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 foo"
+    )
+    import json
+
+    console.print_json(json.dumps(obj={"name": "apple", "count": 1}), indent=None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4087c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from json import loads, dumps
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from .text import Text
+from .highlighter import JSONHighlighter, NullHighlighter
+
+
+class JSON:
+    """A renderable which pretty prints JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): JSON encoded data.
+        indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        json: str,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        data = loads(json)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        self.text = highlighter(json)
+        self.text.no_wrap = True
+        self.text.overflow = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_data(
+        cls,
+        data: Any,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> "JSON":
+        """Encodes a JSON object from arbitrary data.
+
+        Args:
+            data (Any): An object that may be encoded in to JSON
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): Optional callable which will be called for objects that cannot be serialized. Defaults to None.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            JSON: New JSON object from the given data.
+        """
+        json_instance: "JSON" = cls.__new__(cls)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        json_instance.text = highlighter(json)
+        json_instance.text.no_wrap = True
+        json_instance.text.overflow = None
+        return json_instance
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Text:
+        return self.text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pretty print json")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent",
+        metavar="SPACES",
+        type=int,
+        help="Number of spaces in an indent",
+        default=2,
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    error_console = Console(stderr=True)
+
+    try:
+        if args.path == "-":
+            json_data = sys.stdin.read()
+        else:
+            json_data = Path(args.path).read_text()
+    except Exception as error:
+        error_console.print(f"Unable to read {args.path!r}; {error}")
+        sys.exit(-1)
+
+    console.print(JSON(json_data, indent=args.indent), soft_wrap=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f4d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Sequence
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+from . import get_console
+from .segment import Segment
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">{code}</pre>
+"""
+
+
+class JupyterRenderable:
+    """A shim to write html to Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    def __init__(self, html: str, text: str) -> None:
+        self.html = html
+        self.text = text
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self, include: Sequence[str], exclude: Sequence[str], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        data = {"text/plain": self.text, "text/html": self.html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+class JupyterMixin:
+    """Add to an Rich renderable to make it render in Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self: "ConsoleRenderable",
+        include: Sequence[str],
+        exclude: Sequence[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        console = get_console()
+        segments = list(console.render(self, console.options))
+        html = _render_segments(segments)
+        text = console._render_buffer(segments)
+        data = {"text/plain": text, "text/html": html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+def _render_segments(segments: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+    def escape(text: str) -> str:
+        """Escape html."""
+        return text.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")
+
+    fragments: List[str] = []
+    append_fragment = fragments.append
+    theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+    for text, style, control in Segment.simplify(segments):
+        if control:
+            continue
+        text = escape(text)
+        if style:
+            rule = style.get_html_style(theme)
+            text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+            if style.link:
+                text = f'<a href="{style.link}" target="_blank">{text}</a>'
+        append_fragment(text)
+
+    code = "".join(fragments)
+    html = JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT.format(code=code)
+
+    return html
+
+
+def display(segments: Iterable[Segment], text: str) -> None:
+    """Render segments to Jupyter."""
+    html = _render_segments(segments)
+    jupyter_renderable = JupyterRenderable(html, text)
+    try:
+        from IPython.display import display as ipython_display
+
+        ipython_display(jupyter_renderable)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        # Handle the case where the Console has force_jupyter=True,
+        # but IPython is not installed.
+        pass
+
+
+def print(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Proxy for Console print."""
+    console = get_console()
+    return console.print(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6f1a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from itertools import islice
+from operator import itemgetter
+from threading import RLock
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._ratio import ratio_resolve
+from .align import Align
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .region import Region
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+
+class LayoutRender(NamedTuple):
+    """An individual layout render."""
+
+    region: Region
+    render: List[List[Segment]]
+
+
+RegionMap = Dict["Layout", Region]
+RenderMap = Dict["Layout", LayoutRender]
+
+
+class LayoutError(Exception):
+    """Layout related error."""
+
+
+class NoSplitter(LayoutError):
+    """Requested splitter does not exist."""
+
+
+class _Placeholder:
+    """An internal renderable used as a Layout placeholder."""
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+
+    def __init__(self, layout: "Layout", style: StyleType = "") -> None:
+        self.layout = layout
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        layout = self.layout
+        title = (
+            f"{layout.name!r} ({width} x {height})"
+            if layout.name
+            else f"({width} x {height})"
+        )
+        yield Panel(
+            Align.center(Pretty(layout), vertical="middle"),
+            style=self.style,
+            title=self.highlighter(title),
+            border_style="blue",
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+
+class Splitter(ABC):
+    """Base class for a splitter."""
+
+    name: str = ""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        """Get the icon (emoji) used in layout.tree"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        """Divide a region amongst several child layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            children (Sequence(Layout)): A number of child layouts.
+            region (Region): A rectangular region to divide.
+        """
+
+
+class RowSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to rows."""
+
+    name = "row"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.row]⬌"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_widths = ratio_resolve(width, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_width in zip(children, render_widths):
+            yield child, _Region(x + offset, y, child_width, height)
+            offset += child_width
+
+
+class ColumnSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to columns."""
+
+    name = "column"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.column]⬍"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_heights = ratio_resolve(height, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_height in zip(children, render_heights):
+            yield child, _Region(x, y + offset, width, child_height)
+            offset += child_height
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Layout:
+    """A renderable to divide a fixed height in to rows or columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Renderable content, or None for placeholder. Defaults to None.
+        name (str, optional): Optional identifier for Layout. Defaults to None.
+        size (int, optional): Optional fixed size of layout. Defaults to None.
+        minimum_size (int, optional): Minimum size of layout. Defaults to 1.
+        ratio (int, optional): Optional ratio for flexible layout. Defaults to 1.
+        visible (bool, optional): Visibility of layout. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    splitters = {"row": RowSplitter, "column": ColumnSplitter}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        size: Optional[int] = None,
+        minimum_size: int = 1,
+        ratio: int = 1,
+        visible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderable = renderable or _Placeholder(self)
+        self.size = size
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.ratio = ratio
+        self.name = name
+        self.visible = visible
+        self.splitter: Splitter = self.splitters["column"]()
+        self._children: List[Layout] = []
+        self._render_map: RenderMap = {}
+        self._lock = RLock()
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "name", self.name, None
+        yield "size", self.size, None
+        yield "minimum_size", self.minimum_size, 1
+        yield "ratio", self.ratio, 1
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Layout renderable."""
+        return self if self._children else self._renderable
+
+    @property
+    def children(self) -> List["Layout"]:
+        """Gets (visible) layout children."""
+        return [child for child in self._children if child.visible]
+
+    @property
+    def map(self) -> RenderMap:
+        """Get a map of the last render."""
+        return self._render_map
+
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Optional["Layout"]:
+        """Get a named layout, or None if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of layout.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Layout]: Layout instance or None if no layout was found.
+        """
+        if self.name == name:
+            return self
+        else:
+            for child in self._children:
+                named_layout = child.get(name)
+                if named_layout is not None:
+                    return named_layout
+        return None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> "Layout":
+        layout = self.get(name)
+        if layout is None:
+            raise KeyError(f"No layout with name {name!r}")
+        return layout
+
+    @property
+    def tree(self) -> "Tree":
+        """Get a tree renderable to show layout structure."""
+        from pip._vendor.rich.styled import Styled
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+        from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+        def summary(layout: "Layout") -> Table:
+            icon = layout.splitter.get_tree_icon()
+
+            table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1, 0, 0))
+
+            text: RenderableType = (
+                Pretty(layout) if layout.visible else Styled(Pretty(layout), "dim")
+            )
+            table.add_row(icon, text)
+            _summary = table
+            return _summary
+
+        layout = self
+        tree = Tree(
+            summary(layout),
+            guide_style=f"layout.tree.{layout.splitter.name}",
+            highlight=True,
+        )
+
+        def recurse(tree: "Tree", layout: "Layout") -> None:
+            for child in layout._children:
+                recurse(
+                    tree.add(
+                        summary(child),
+                        guide_style=f"layout.tree.{child.splitter.name}",
+                    ),
+                    child,
+                )
+
+        recurse(tree, self)
+        return tree
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType],
+        splitter: Union[Splitter, str] = "column",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to multiple sub-layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+            splitter (Union[Splitter, str]): Splitter instance or name of splitter.
+        """
+        _layouts = [
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        ]
+        try:
+            self.splitter = (
+                splitter
+                if isinstance(splitter, Splitter)
+                else self.splitters[splitter]()
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoSplitter(f"No splitter called {splitter!r}")
+        self._children[:] = _layouts
+
+    def add_split(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Add a new layout(s) to existing split.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Union[Layout, RenderableType]): Positional arguments should be renderables or (sub) Layout instances.
+
+        """
+        _layouts = (
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        )
+        self._children.extend(_layouts)
+
+    def split_row(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a row (layouts side by side).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="row")
+
+    def split_column(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a column (layouts stacked on top of each other).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="column")
+
+    def unsplit(self) -> None:
+        """Reset splits to initial state."""
+        del self._children[:]
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Update renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable object.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+
+    def refresh_screen(self, console: "Console", layout_name: str) -> None:
+        """Refresh a sub-layout.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance where Layout is to be rendered.
+            layout_name (str): Name of layout.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            layout = self[layout_name]
+            region, _lines = self._render_map[layout]
+            (x, y, width, height) = region
+            lines = console.render_lines(
+                layout, console.options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+            )
+            self._render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+            console.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def _make_region_map(self, width: int, height: int) -> RegionMap:
+        """Create a dict that maps layout on to Region."""
+        stack: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = [(self, Region(0, 0, width, height))]
+        push = stack.append
+        pop = stack.pop
+        layout_regions: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = []
+        append_layout_region = layout_regions.append
+        while stack:
+            append_layout_region(pop())
+            layout, region = layout_regions[-1]
+            children = layout.children
+            if children:
+                for child_and_region in layout.splitter.divide(children, region):
+                    push(child_and_region)
+
+        region_map = {
+            layout: region
+            for layout, region in sorted(layout_regions, key=itemgetter(1))
+        }
+        return region_map
+
+    def render(self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions) -> RenderMap:
+        """Render the sub_layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderMap: A dict that maps Layout on to a tuple of Region, lines
+        """
+        render_width = options.max_width
+        render_height = options.height or console.height
+        region_map = self._make_region_map(render_width, render_height)
+        layout_regions = [
+            (layout, region)
+            for layout, region in region_map.items()
+            if not layout.children
+        ]
+        render_map: Dict["Layout", "LayoutRender"] = {}
+        render_lines = console.render_lines
+        update_dimensions = options.update_dimensions
+
+        for layout, region in layout_regions:
+            lines = render_lines(
+                layout.renderable, update_dimensions(region.width, region.height)
+            )
+            render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+        return render_map
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        with self._lock:
+            width = options.max_width or console.width
+            height = options.height or console.height
+            render_map = self.render(console, options.update_dimensions(width, height))
+            self._render_map = render_map
+            layout_lines: List[List[Segment]] = [[] for _ in range(height)]
+            _islice = islice
+            for region, lines in render_map.values():
+                _x, y, _layout_width, layout_height = region
+                for row, line in zip(
+                    _islice(layout_lines, y, y + layout_height), lines
+                ):
+                    row.extend(line)
+
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for layout_row in layout_lines:
+                yield from layout_row
+                yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    layout = Layout()
+
+    layout.split_column(
+        Layout(name="header", size=3),
+        Layout(ratio=1, name="main"),
+        Layout(size=10, name="footer"),
+    )
+
+    layout["main"].split_row(Layout(name="side"), Layout(name="body", ratio=2))
+
+    layout["body"].split_row(Layout(name="content", ratio=2), Layout(name="s2"))
+
+    layout["s2"].split_column(
+        Layout(name="top"), Layout(name="middle"), Layout(name="bottom")
+    )
+
+    layout["side"].split_column(Layout(layout.tree, name="left1"), Layout(name="left2"))
+
+    layout["content"].update("foo")
+
+    console.print(layout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0529a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import sys
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, List, Optional, TextIO, Type, cast
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType, RenderHook
+from .control import Control
+from .file_proxy import FileProxy
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live_render import LiveRender, VerticalOverflowMethod
+from .screen import Screen
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class _RefreshThread(Thread):
+    """A thread that calls refresh() at regular intervals."""
+
+    def __init__(self, live: "Live", refresh_per_second: float) -> None:
+        self.live = live
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+        self.done = Event()
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self.done.wait(1 / self.refresh_per_second):
+            with self.live._lock:
+                if not self.done.is_set():
+                    self.live.refresh()
+
+
+class Live(JupyterMixin, RenderHook):
+    """Renders an auto-updating live display of any given renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): The renderable to live display. Defaults to displaying nothing.
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        screen (bool, optional): Enable alternate screen mode. Defaults to False.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()` or `update()` with refresh flag. Defaults to True
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of times per second to refresh the live display. Defaults to 4.
+        transient (bool, optional): Clear the renderable on exit (has no effect when screen=True). Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        vertical_overflow (VerticalOverflowMethod, optional): How to handle renderable when it is too tall for the console. Defaults to "ellipsis".
+        get_renderable (Callable[[], RenderableType], optional): Optional callable to get renderable. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        screen: bool = False,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 4,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+        get_renderable: Optional[Callable[[], RenderableType]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._renderable = renderable
+        self.console = console if console is not None else get_console()
+        self._screen = screen
+        self._alt_screen = False
+
+        self._redirect_stdout = redirect_stdout
+        self._redirect_stderr = redirect_stderr
+        self._restore_stdout: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+        self._restore_stderr: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.ipy_widget: Optional[Any] = None
+        self.auto_refresh = auto_refresh
+        self._started: bool = False
+        self.transient = True if screen else transient
+
+        self._refresh_thread: Optional[_RefreshThread] = None
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._get_renderable = get_renderable
+        self._live_render = LiveRender(
+            self.get_renderable(), vertical_overflow=vertical_overflow
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_started(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if live display has been started."""
+        return self._started
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        renderable = (
+            self._get_renderable()
+            if self._get_renderable is not None
+            else self._renderable
+        )
+        return renderable or ""
+
+    def start(self, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Start live rendering display.
+
+        Args:
+            refresh (bool, optional): Also refresh. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.set_live(self)
+            self._started = True
+            if self._screen:
+                self._alt_screen = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+            self._enable_redirect_io()
+            self.console.push_render_hook(self)
+            if refresh:
+                try:
+                    self.refresh()
+                except Exception:
+                    # If refresh fails, we want to stop the redirection of sys.stderr,
+                    # so the error stacktrace is properly displayed in the terminal.
+                    # (or, if the code that calls Rich captures the exception and wants to display something,
+                    # let this be displayed in the terminal).
+                    self.stop()
+                    raise
+            if self.auto_refresh:
+                self._refresh_thread = _RefreshThread(self, self.refresh_per_second)
+                self._refresh_thread.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop live rendering display."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.clear_live()
+            self._started = False
+
+            if self.auto_refresh and self._refresh_thread is not None:
+                self._refresh_thread.stop()
+                self._refresh_thread = None
+            # allow it to fully render on the last even if overflow
+            self.vertical_overflow = "visible"
+            with self.console:
+                try:
+                    if not self._alt_screen and not self.console.is_jupyter:
+                        self.refresh()
+                finally:
+                    self._disable_redirect_io()
+                    self.console.pop_render_hook()
+                    if not self._alt_screen and self.console.is_terminal:
+                        self.console.line()
+                    self.console.show_cursor(True)
+                    if self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+
+                    if self.transient and not self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.control(self._live_render.restore_cursor())
+                    if self.ipy_widget is not None and self.transient:
+                        self.ipy_widget.close()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Live":
+        self.start(refresh=self._renderable is not None)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def _enable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Enable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self.console.is_terminal or self.console.is_jupyter:
+            if self._redirect_stdout and not isinstance(sys.stdout, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stdout = sys.stdout
+                sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stdout))
+            if self._redirect_stderr and not isinstance(sys.stderr, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stderr = sys.stderr
+                sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stderr))
+
+    def _disable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Disable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self._restore_stdout:
+            sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stdout)
+            self._restore_stdout = None
+        if self._restore_stderr:
+            sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stderr)
+            self._restore_stderr = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Displayed renderable.
+        """
+        renderable = self.get_renderable()
+        return Screen(renderable) if self._alt_screen else renderable
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType, *, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Update the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable to use.
+            refresh (bool, optional): Refresh the display. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = self.console.render_str(renderable)
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+            if refresh:
+                self.refresh()
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Update the display of the Live Render."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live_render.set_renderable(self.renderable)
+            if self.console.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                try:
+                    from IPython.display import display
+                    from ipywidgets import Output
+                except ImportError:
+                    import warnings
+
+                    warnings.warn('install "ipywidgets" for Jupyter support')
+                else:
+                    if self.ipy_widget is None:
+                        self.ipy_widget = Output()
+                        display(self.ipy_widget)
+
+                    with self.ipy_widget:
+                        self.ipy_widget.clear_output(wait=True)
+                        self.console.print(self._live_render.renderable)
+            elif self.console.is_terminal and not self.console.is_dumb_terminal:
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+            elif (
+                not self._started and not self.transient
+            ):  # if it is finished allow files or dumb-terminals to see final result
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Process renderables to restore cursor and display progress."""
+        self._live_render.vertical_overflow = self.vertical_overflow
+        if self.console.is_interactive:
+            # lock needs acquiring as user can modify live_render renderable at any time unlike in Progress.
+            with self._lock:
+                reset = (
+                    Control.home()
+                    if self._alt_screen
+                    else self._live_render.position_cursor()
+                )
+                renderables = [reset, *renderables, self._live_render]
+        elif (
+            not self._started and not self.transient
+        ):  # if it is finished render the final output for files or dumb_terminals
+            renderables = [*renderables, self._live_render]
+
+        return renderables
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import random
+    import time
+    from itertools import cycle
+    from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+
+    from .align import Align
+    from .console import Console
+    from .live import Live as Live
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "You can make the terminal shorter and taller to see the live table hide"
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    exchanges = [
+        "SGD",
+        "MYR",
+        "EUR",
+        "USD",
+        "AUD",
+        "JPY",
+        "CNH",
+        "HKD",
+        "CAD",
+        "INR",
+        "DKK",
+        "GBP",
+        "RUB",
+        "NZD",
+        "MXN",
+        "IDR",
+        "TWD",
+        "THB",
+        "VND",
+    ]
+    with Live(console=console) as live_table:
+        exchange_rate_dict: Dict[Tuple[str, str], float] = {}
+
+        for index in range(100):
+            select_exchange = exchanges[index % len(exchanges)]
+
+            for exchange in exchanges:
+                if exchange == select_exchange:
+                    continue
+                time.sleep(0.4)
+                if random.randint(0, 10) < 1:
+                    console.log(next(examples))
+                exchange_rate_dict[(select_exchange, exchange)] = 200 / (
+                    (random.random() * 320) + 1
+                )
+                if len(exchange_rate_dict) > len(exchanges) - 1:
+                    exchange_rate_dict.pop(list(exchange_rate_dict.keys())[0])
+                table = Table(title="Exchange Rates")
+
+                table.add_column("Source Currency")
+                table.add_column("Destination Currency")
+                table.add_column("Exchange Rate")
+
+                for (source, dest), exchange_rate in exchange_rate_dict.items():
+                    table.add_row(
+                        source,
+                        dest,
+                        Text(
+                            f"{exchange_rate:.4f}",
+                            style="red" if exchange_rate < 1.0 else "green",
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+                live_table.update(Align.center(table))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e20745d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .control import Control
+from .segment import ControlType, Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+VerticalOverflowMethod = Literal["crop", "ellipsis", "visible"]
+
+
+class LiveRender:
+    """Creates a renderable that may be updated.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the renderable. Defaults to "".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._shape: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None
+
+    def set_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Set a new renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object, including str.
+        """
+        self.renderable = renderable
+
+    def position_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to move cursor to beginning of live render.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                *(
+                    (
+                        (ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1),
+                        (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                    )
+                    * (height - 1)
+                )
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def restore_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to clear the render and restore the cursor to its previous position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A Control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                *((ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1), (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2)) * height
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        renderable = self.renderable
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, options, style=style, pad=False)
+        shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+
+        _, height = shape
+        if height > options.size.height:
+            if self.vertical_overflow == "crop":
+                lines = lines[: options.size.height]
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+            elif self.vertical_overflow == "ellipsis":
+                lines = lines[: (options.size.height - 1)]
+                overflow_text = Text(
+                    "...",
+                    overflow="crop",
+                    justify="center",
+                    end="",
+                    style="live.ellipsis",
+                )
+                lines.append(list(console.render(overflow_text)))
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        self._shape = shape
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91368dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime
+from logging import Handler, LogRecord
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import ClassVar, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NullFile
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable
+from .highlighter import Highlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .text import Text
+from .traceback import Traceback
+
+
+class RichHandler(Handler):
+    """A logging handler that renders output with Rich. The time / level / message and file are displayed in columns.
+    The level is color coded, and the message is syntax highlighted.
+
+    Note:
+        Be careful when enabling console markup in log messages if you have configured logging for libraries not
+        under your control. If a dependency writes messages containing square brackets, it may not produce the intended output.
+
+    Args:
+        level (Union[int, str], optional): Log level. Defaults to logging.NOTSET.
+        console (:class:`~rich.console.Console`, optional): Optional console instance to write logs.
+            Default will use a global console instance writing to stdout.
+        show_time (bool, optional): Show a column for the time. Defaults to True.
+        omit_repeated_times (bool, optional): Omit repetition of the same time. Defaults to True.
+        show_level (bool, optional): Show a column for the level. Defaults to True.
+        show_path (bool, optional): Show the path to the original log call. Defaults to True.
+        enable_link_path (bool, optional): Enable terminal link of path column to file. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Highlighter, optional): Highlighter to style log messages, or None to use ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup in log messages. Defaults to False.
+        rich_tracebacks (bool, optional): Enable rich tracebacks with syntax highlighting and formatting. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        tracebacks_word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long tracebacks lines. Defaults to True.
+        tracebacks_show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of locals in tracebacks. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%x %X] ".
+        keywords (List[str], optional): List of words to highlight instead of ``RichHandler.KEYWORDS``.
+    """
+
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = [
+        "GET",
+        "POST",
+        "HEAD",
+        "PUT",
+        "DELETE",
+        "OPTIONS",
+        "TRACE",
+        "PATCH",
+    ]
+    HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[Highlighter]] = ReprHighlighter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        level: Union[int, str] = logging.NOTSET,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        *,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = True,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        enable_link_path: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        markup: bool = False,
+        rich_tracebacks: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tracebacks_extra_lines: int = 3,
+        tracebacks_theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        tracebacks_word_wrap: bool = True,
+        tracebacks_show_locals: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        locals_max_length: int = 10,
+        locals_max_string: int = 80,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(level=level)
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or self.HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=show_time,
+            show_level=show_level,
+            show_path=show_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+            omit_repeated_times=omit_repeated_times,
+            level_width=None,
+        )
+        self.enable_link_path = enable_link_path
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.rich_tracebacks = rich_tracebacks
+        self.tracebacks_width = tracebacks_width
+        self.tracebacks_extra_lines = tracebacks_extra_lines
+        self.tracebacks_theme = tracebacks_theme
+        self.tracebacks_word_wrap = tracebacks_word_wrap
+        self.tracebacks_show_locals = tracebacks_show_locals
+        self.tracebacks_suppress = tracebacks_suppress
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.keywords = keywords
+
+    def get_level_text(self, record: LogRecord) -> Text:
+        """Get the level name from the record.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): LogRecord instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A tuple of the style and level name.
+        """
+        level_name = record.levelname
+        level_text = Text.styled(
+            level_name.ljust(8), f"logging.level.{level_name.lower()}"
+        )
+        return level_text
+
+    def emit(self, record: LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Invoked by logging."""
+        message = self.format(record)
+        traceback = None
+        if (
+            self.rich_tracebacks
+            and record.exc_info
+            and record.exc_info != (None, None, None)
+        ):
+            exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = record.exc_info
+            assert exc_type is not None
+            assert exc_value is not None
+            traceback = Traceback.from_exception(
+                exc_type,
+                exc_value,
+                exc_traceback,
+                width=self.tracebacks_width,
+                extra_lines=self.tracebacks_extra_lines,
+                theme=self.tracebacks_theme,
+                word_wrap=self.tracebacks_word_wrap,
+                show_locals=self.tracebacks_show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                suppress=self.tracebacks_suppress,
+            )
+            message = record.getMessage()
+            if self.formatter:
+                record.message = record.getMessage()
+                formatter = self.formatter
+                if hasattr(formatter, "usesTime") and formatter.usesTime():
+                    record.asctime = formatter.formatTime(record, formatter.datefmt)
+                message = formatter.formatMessage(record)
+
+        message_renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+        log_renderable = self.render(
+            record=record, traceback=traceback, message_renderable=message_renderable
+        )
+        if isinstance(self.console.file, NullFile):
+            # Handles pythonw, where stdout/stderr are null, and we return NullFile
+            # instance from Console.file. In this case, we still want to make a log record
+            # even though we won't be writing anything to a file.
+            self.handleError(record)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.console.print(log_renderable)
+            except Exception:
+                self.handleError(record)
+
+    def render_message(self, record: LogRecord, message: str) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render message text in to Text.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            message (str): String containing log message.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log message.
+        """
+        use_markup = getattr(record, "markup", self.markup)
+        message_text = Text.from_markup(message) if use_markup else Text(message)
+
+        highlighter = getattr(record, "highlighter", self.highlighter)
+        if highlighter:
+            message_text = highlighter(message_text)
+
+        if self.keywords is None:
+            self.keywords = self.KEYWORDS
+
+        if self.keywords:
+            message_text.highlight_words(self.keywords, "logging.keyword")
+
+        return message_text
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        *,
+        record: LogRecord,
+        traceback: Optional[Traceback],
+        message_renderable: "ConsoleRenderable",
+    ) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render log for display.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            traceback (Optional[Traceback]): Traceback instance or None for no Traceback.
+            message_renderable (ConsoleRenderable): Renderable (typically Text) containing log message contents.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log.
+        """
+        path = Path(record.pathname).name
+        level = self.get_level_text(record)
+        time_format = None if self.formatter is None else self.formatter.datefmt
+        log_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created)
+
+        log_renderable = self._log_render(
+            self.console,
+            [message_renderable] if not traceback else [message_renderable, traceback],
+            log_time=log_time,
+            time_format=time_format,
+            level=level,
+            path=path,
+            line_no=record.lineno,
+            link_path=record.pathname if self.enable_link_path else None,
+        )
+        return log_renderable
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    FORMAT = "%(message)s"
+    # FORMAT = "%(asctime)-15s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level="NOTSET",
+        format=FORMAT,
+        datefmt="[%X]",
+        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, tracebacks_show_locals=True)],
+    )
+    log = logging.getLogger("rich")
+
+    log.info("Server starting...")
+    log.info("Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.info("GET /index.html 200 1298")
+    log.info("GET /imgs/backgrounds/back1.jpg 200 54386")
+    log.info("GET /css/styles.css 200 54386")
+    log.warning("GET /favicon.ico 404 242")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.debug(
+        "JSONRPC request\n--> %r\n<-- %r",
+        {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        },
+        {"version": "1.1", "result": True, "error": None, "id": "194521489"},
+    )
+    log.debug(
+        "Loading configuration file /adasd/asdasd/qeqwe/qwrqwrqwr/sdgsdgsdg/werwerwer/dfgerert/ertertert/ertetert/werwerwer"
+    )
+    log.error("Unable to find 'pomelo' in database!")
+    log.info("POST /jsonrpc/ 200 65532")
+    log.info("POST /admin/ 401 42234")
+    log.warning("password was rejected for admin site.")
+
+    def divide() -> None:
+        number = 1
+        divisor = 0
+        foos = ["foo"] * 100
+        log.debug("in divide")
+        try:
+            number / divisor
+        except:
+            log.exception("An error of some kind occurred!")
+
+    divide()
+    sleep(1)
+    log.critical("Out of memory!")
+    log.info("Server exited with code=-1")
+    log.info("[bold]EXITING...[/bold]", extra=dict(markup=True))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f617187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import re
+from ast import literal_eval
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, Match, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .errors import MarkupError
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+RE_TAGS = re.compile(
+    r"""((\\*)\[([a-z#/@][^[]*?)])""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+RE_HANDLER = re.compile(r"^([\w.]*?)(\(.*?\))?$")
+
+
+class Tag(NamedTuple):
+    """A tag in console markup."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The tag name. e.g. 'bold'."""
+    parameters: Optional[str]
+    """Any additional parameters after the name."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            self.name if self.parameters is None else f"{self.name} {self.parameters}"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get the string representation of this tag."""
+        return (
+            f"[{self.name}]"
+            if self.parameters is None
+            else f"[{self.name}={self.parameters}]"
+        )
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EscapeSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def escape(
+    markup: str,
+    _escape: _EscapeSubMethod = re.compile(r"(\\*)(\[[a-z#/@][^[]*?])").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Escapes text so that it won't be interpreted as markup.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): Content to be inserted in to markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markup with square brackets escaped.
+    """
+
+    def escape_backslashes(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        """Called by re.sub replace matches."""
+        backslashes, text = match.groups()
+        return f"{backslashes}{backslashes}\\{text}"
+
+    markup = _escape(escape_backslashes, markup)
+    if markup.endswith("\\") and not markup.endswith("\\\\"):
+        return markup + "\\"
+
+    return markup
+
+
+def _parse(markup: str) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[str], Optional[Tag]]]:
+    """Parse markup in to an iterable of tuples of (position, text, tag).
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup
+
+    """
+    position = 0
+    _divmod = divmod
+    _Tag = Tag
+    for match in RE_TAGS.finditer(markup):
+        full_text, escapes, tag_text = match.groups()
+        start, end = match.span()
+        if start > position:
+            yield start, markup[position:start], None
+        if escapes:
+            backslashes, escaped = _divmod(len(escapes), 2)
+            if backslashes:
+                # Literal backslashes
+                yield start, "\\" * backslashes, None
+                start += backslashes * 2
+            if escaped:
+                # Escape of tag
+                yield start, full_text[len(escapes) :], None
+                position = end
+                continue
+        text, equals, parameters = tag_text.partition("=")
+        yield start, None, _Tag(text, parameters if equals else None)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(markup):
+        yield position, markup[position:], None
+
+
+def render(
+    markup: str,
+    style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+    emoji: bool = True,
+    emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+) -> Text:
+    """Render console markup in to a Text instance.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup.
+        style: (Union[str, Style]): The style to use.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.
+
+
+    Raises:
+        MarkupError: If there is a syntax error in the markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        Text: A test instance.
+    """
+    emoji_replace = _emoji_replace
+    if "[" not in markup:
+        return Text(
+            emoji_replace(markup, default_variant=emoji_variant) if emoji else markup,
+            style=style,
+        )
+    text = Text(style=style)
+    append = text.append
+    normalize = Style.normalize
+
+    style_stack: List[Tuple[int, Tag]] = []
+    pop = style_stack.pop
+
+    spans: List[Span] = []
+    append_span = spans.append
+
+    _Span = Span
+    _Tag = Tag
+
+    def pop_style(style_name: str) -> Tuple[int, Tag]:
+        """Pop tag matching given style name."""
+        for index, (_, tag) in enumerate(reversed(style_stack), 1):
+            if tag.name == style_name:
+                return pop(-index)
+        raise KeyError(style_name)
+
+    for position, plain_text, tag in _parse(markup):
+        if plain_text is not None:
+            # Handle open brace escapes, where the brace is not part of a tag.
+            plain_text = plain_text.replace("\\[", "[")
+            append(emoji_replace(plain_text) if emoji else plain_text)
+        elif tag is not None:
+            if tag.name.startswith("/"):  # Closing tag
+                style_name = tag.name[1:].strip()
+
+                if style_name:  # explicit close
+                    style_name = normalize(style_name)
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop_style(style_name)
+                    except KeyError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '{tag.markup}' at position {position} doesn't match any open tag"
+                        ) from None
+                else:  # implicit close
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop()
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '[/]' at position {position} has nothing to close"
+                        ) from None
+
+                if open_tag.name.startswith("@"):
+                    if open_tag.parameters:
+                        handler_name = ""
+                        parameters = open_tag.parameters.strip()
+                        handler_match = RE_HANDLER.match(parameters)
+                        if handler_match is not None:
+                            handler_name, match_parameters = handler_match.groups()
+                            parameters = (
+                                "()" if match_parameters is None else match_parameters
+                            )
+
+                        try:
+                            meta_params = literal_eval(parameters)
+                        except SyntaxError as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {parameters!r} in {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error.msg}"
+                            )
+                        except Exception as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error}"
+                            ) from None
+
+                        if handler_name:
+                            meta_params = (
+                                handler_name,
+                                meta_params
+                                if isinstance(meta_params, tuple)
+                                else (meta_params,),
+                            )
+
+                    else:
+                        meta_params = ()
+
+                    append_span(
+                        _Span(
+                            start, len(text), Style(meta={open_tag.name: meta_params})
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, len(text), str(open_tag)))
+
+            else:  # Opening tag
+                normalized_tag = _Tag(normalize(tag.name), tag.parameters)
+                style_stack.append((len(text), normalized_tag))
+
+    text_length = len(text)
+    while style_stack:
+        start, tag = style_stack.pop()
+        style = str(tag)
+        if style:
+            append_span(_Span(start, text_length, style))
+
+    text.spans = sorted(spans[::-1], key=attrgetter("start"))
+    return text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    MARKUP = [
+        "[red]Hello World[/red]",
+        "[magenta]Hello [b]World[/b]",
+        "[bold]Bold[italic] bold and italic [/bold]italic[/italic]",
+        "Click [link=https://www.willmcgugan.com]here[/link] to visit my Blog",
+        ":warning-emoji: [bold red blink] DANGER![/]",
+    ]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    grid = Table("Markup", "Result", padding=(0, 1))
+
+    for markup in MARKUP:
+        grid.add_row(Text(markup), markup)
+
+    print(grid)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a508ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+
+from . import errors
+from .protocol import is_renderable, rich_cast
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType
+
+
+class Measurement(NamedTuple):
+    """Stores the minimum and maximum widths (in characters) required to render an object."""
+
+    minimum: int
+    """Minimum number of cells required to render."""
+    maximum: int
+    """Maximum number of cells required to render."""
+
+    @property
+    def span(self) -> int:
+        """Get difference between maximum and minimum."""
+        return self.maximum - self.minimum
+
+    def normalize(self) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get measurement that ensures that minimum <= maximum and minimum >= 0
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A normalized measurement.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        minimum = min(max(0, minimum), maximum)
+        return Measurement(max(0, minimum), max(0, max(minimum, maximum)))
+
+    def with_maximum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are <= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        return Measurement(min(minimum, width), min(maximum, width))
+
+    def with_minimum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are >= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Minimum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        width = max(0, width)
+        return Measurement(max(minimum, width), max(maximum, width))
+
+    def clamp(
+        self, min_width: Optional[int] = None, max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Clamp a measurement within the specified range.
+
+        Args:
+            min_width (int): Minimum desired width, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (int): Maximum desired width, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        measurement = self
+        if min_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_minimum(min_width)
+        if max_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get(
+        cls, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", renderable: "RenderableType"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a measurement for a renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+            options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object that may be rendered with Rich.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If the object is not renderable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to render the object.
+        """
+        _max_width = options.max_width
+        if _max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = console.render_str(
+                renderable, markup=options.markup, highlight=False
+            )
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if is_renderable(renderable):
+            get_console_width: Optional[
+                Callable[["Console", "ConsoleOptions"], "Measurement"]
+            ] = getattr(renderable, "__rich_measure__", None)
+            if get_console_width is not None:
+                render_width = (
+                    get_console_width(console, options)
+                    .normalize()
+                    .with_maximum(_max_width)
+                )
+                if render_width.maximum < 1:
+                    return Measurement(0, 0)
+                return render_width.normalize()
+            else:
+                return Measurement(0, _max_width)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to get render width for {renderable!r}; "
+                "a str, Segment, or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+
+def measure_renderables(
+    console: "Console",
+    options: "ConsoleOptions",
+    renderables: Sequence["RenderableType"],
+) -> "Measurement":
+    """Get a measurement that would fit a number of renderables.
+
+    Args:
+        console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+        options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): One or more renderable objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to
+            contain all given renderables.
+    """
+    if not renderables:
+        return Measurement(0, 0)
+    get_measurement = Measurement.get
+    measurements = [
+        get_measurement(console, options, renderable) for renderable in renderables
+    ]
+    measured_width = Measurement(
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(0)).minimum,
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(1)).maximum,
+    )
+    return measured_width
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b2204f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .segment import Segment
+
+
+PaddingDimensions = Union[int, Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]
+
+
+class Padding(JupyterMixin):
+    """Draw space around content.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> print(Padding("Hello", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+        pad (Union[int, Tuple[int]]): Padding for top, right, bottom, and left borders.
+            May be specified with 1, 2, or 4 integers (CSS style).
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for padding characters. Defaults to "none".
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand padding to fit available width. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        pad: "PaddingDimensions" = (0, 0, 0, 0),
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        expand: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.top, self.right, self.bottom, self.left = self.unpack(pad)
+        self.style = style
+        self.expand = expand
+
+    @classmethod
+    def indent(cls, renderable: "RenderableType", level: int) -> "Padding":
+        """Make padding instance to render an indent.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+            level (int): Number of characters to indent.
+
+        Returns:
+            Padding: A Padding instance.
+        """
+
+        return Padding(renderable, pad=(0, 0, 0, level), expand=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def unpack(pad: "PaddingDimensions") -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Unpack padding specified in CSS style."""
+        if isinstance(pad, int):
+            return (pad, pad, pad, pad)
+        if len(pad) == 1:
+            _pad = pad[0]
+            return (_pad, _pad, _pad, _pad)
+        if len(pad) == 2:
+            pad_top, pad_right = cast(Tuple[int, int], pad)
+            return (pad_top, pad_right, pad_top, pad_right)
+        if len(pad) == 4:
+            top, right, bottom, left = cast(Tuple[int, int, int, int], pad)
+            return (top, right, bottom, left)
+        raise ValueError(f"1, 2 or 4 integers required for padding; {len(pad)} given")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Padding({self.renderable!r}, ({self.top},{self.right},{self.bottom},{self.left}))"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        if self.expand:
+            width = options.max_width
+        else:
+            width = min(
+                Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable).maximum
+                + self.left
+                + self.right,
+                options.max_width,
+            )
+        render_options = options.update_width(width - self.left - self.right)
+        if render_options.height is not None:
+            render_options = render_options.update_height(
+                height=render_options.height - self.top - self.bottom
+            )
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        left = _Segment(" " * self.left, style) if self.left else None
+        right = (
+            [_Segment(f'{" " * self.right}', style), _Segment.line()]
+            if self.right
+            else [_Segment.line()]
+        )
+        blank_line: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+        if self.top:
+            blank_line = [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.top
+        if left:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield left
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        else:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        if self.bottom:
+            blank_line = blank_line or [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.bottom
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        extra_width = self.left + self.right
+        if max_width - extra_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(max_width, max_width)
+        measure_min, measure_max = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        measurement = Measurement(measure_min + extra_width, measure_max + extra_width)
+        measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  #  pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(Padding("Hello, World", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3f7aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class Pager(ABC):
+    """Base class for a pager."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Show content in pager.
+
+        Args:
+            content (str): Content to be displayed.
+        """
+
+
+class SystemPager(Pager):
+    """Uses the pager installed on the system."""
+
+    def _pager(self, content: str) -> Any:  #  pragma: no cover
+        return __import__("pydoc").pager(content)
+
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Use the same pager used by pydoc."""
+        self._pager(content)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .__main__ import make_test_card
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.pager(styles=True):
+        console.print(make_test_card())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0c4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from math import sqrt
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+
+class Palette:
+    """A palette of available colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, colors: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int]]):
+        self._colors = colors
+
+    def __getitem__(self, number: int) -> ColorTriplet:
+        return ColorTriplet(*self._colors[number])
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Table":
+        from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+        from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+        from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+        table = Table(
+            "index",
+            "RGB",
+            "Color",
+            title="Palette",
+            caption=f"{len(self._colors)} colors",
+            highlight=True,
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+        for index, color in enumerate(self._colors):
+            table.add_row(
+                str(index),
+                repr(color),
+                Text(" " * 16, style=Style(bgcolor=Color.from_rgb(*color))),
+            )
+        return table
+
+    # This is somewhat inefficient and needs caching
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def match(self, color: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> int:
+        """Find a color from a palette that most closely matches a given color.
+
+        Args:
+            color (Tuple[int, int, int]): RGB components in range 0 > 255.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Index of closes matching color.
+        """
+        red1, green1, blue1 = color
+        _sqrt = sqrt
+        get_color = self._colors.__getitem__
+
+        def get_color_distance(index: int) -> float:
+            """Get the distance to a color."""
+            red2, green2, blue2 = get_color(index)
+            red_mean = (red1 + red2) // 2
+            red = red1 - red2
+            green = green1 - green2
+            blue = blue1 - blue2
+            return _sqrt(
+                (((512 + red_mean) * red * red) >> 8)
+                + 4 * green * green
+                + (((767 - red_mean) * blue * blue) >> 8)
+            )
+
+        min_index = min(range(len(self._colors)), key=get_color_distance)
+        return min_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import colorsys
+    from typing import Iterable
+    from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions
+    from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+    from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+    class ColorBox:
+        def __rich_console__(
+            self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+        ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            height = console.size.height - 3
+            for y in range(0, height):
+                for x in range(options.max_width):
+                    h = x / options.max_width
+                    l = y / (height + 1)
+                    r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                    r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + (1 / height / 2), 1.0)
+                    bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                    color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                    yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+                yield Segment.line()
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(ColorBox())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95f4c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .box import ROUNDED, Box
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Panel(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable that draws a border around its contents.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> console.print(Panel("Hello, World!"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable object.
+        box (Box, optional): A Box instance that defines the look of the border (see :ref:`appendix_box`.
+            Defaults to box.ROUNDED.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): If True the panel will stretch to fill the console
+            width, otherwise it will be sized to fit the contents. Defaults to True.
+        style (str, optional): The style of the panel (border and contents). Defaults to "none".
+        border_style (str, optional): The style of the border. Defaults to "none".
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Optional width of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        height (Optional[int], optional): Optional height of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        padding (Optional[PaddingDimensions]): Optional padding around renderable. Defaults to 0.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting of panel title (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        expand: bool = True,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.box = box
+        self.title = title
+        self.title_align: AlignMethod = title_align
+        self.subtitle = subtitle
+        self.subtitle_align = subtitle_align
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.style = style
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.highlight = highlight
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fit(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> "Panel":
+        """An alternative constructor that sets expand=False."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            box,
+            title=title,
+            title_align=title_align,
+            subtitle=subtitle,
+            subtitle_align=subtitle_align,
+            safe_box=safe_box,
+            style=style,
+            border_style=border_style,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+            padding=padding,
+            highlight=highlight,
+            expand=False,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _title(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.title:
+            title_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.title)
+                if isinstance(self.title, str)
+                else self.title.copy()
+            )
+            title_text.end = ""
+            title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            title_text.no_wrap = True
+            title_text.expand_tabs()
+            title_text.pad(1)
+            return title_text
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def _subtitle(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.subtitle:
+            subtitle_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.subtitle)
+                if isinstance(self.subtitle, str)
+                else self.subtitle.copy()
+            )
+            subtitle_text.end = ""
+            subtitle_text.plain = subtitle_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            subtitle_text.no_wrap = True
+            subtitle_text.expand_tabs()
+            subtitle_text.pad(1)
+            return subtitle_text
+        return None
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        _padding = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        renderable = (
+            Padding(self.renderable, _padding) if any(_padding) else self.renderable
+        )
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        border_style = style + console.get_style(self.border_style)
+        width = (
+            options.max_width
+            if self.width is None
+            else min(options.max_width, self.width)
+        )
+
+        safe_box: bool = console.safe_box if self.safe_box is None else self.safe_box
+        box = self.box.substitute(options, safe=safe_box)
+
+        def align_text(
+            text: Text, width: int, align: str, character: str, style: Style
+        ) -> Text:
+            """Gets new aligned text.
+
+            Args:
+                text (Text): Title or subtitle text.
+                width (int): Desired width.
+                align (str): Alignment.
+                character (str): Character for alignment.
+                style (Style): Border style
+
+            Returns:
+                Text: New text instance
+            """
+            text = text.copy()
+            text.truncate(width)
+            excess_space = width - cell_len(text.plain)
+            if excess_space:
+                if align == "left":
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        text,
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                elif align == "center":
+                    left = excess_space // 2
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * left, style),
+                        text,
+                        (character * (excess_space - left), style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        text,
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+            return text
+
+        title_text = self._title
+        if title_text is not None:
+            title_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        child_width = (
+            width - 2
+            if self.expand
+            else console.measure(
+                renderable, options=options.update_width(width - 2)
+            ).maximum
+        )
+        child_height = self.height or options.height or None
+        if child_height:
+            child_height -= 2
+        if title_text is not None:
+            child_width = min(
+                options.max_width - 2, max(child_width, title_text.cell_len + 2)
+            )
+
+        width = child_width + 2
+        child_options = options.update(
+            width=child_width, height=child_height, highlight=self.highlight
+        )
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, child_options, style=style)
+
+        line_start = Segment(box.mid_left, border_style)
+        line_end = Segment(f"{box.mid_right}", border_style)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        if title_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_top([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            title_text = align_text(
+                title_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.title_align,
+                box.top,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.top_left + box.top, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(title_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4))
+            yield Segment(box.top + box.top_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+        for line in lines:
+            yield line_start
+            yield from line
+            yield line_end
+            yield new_line
+
+        subtitle_text = self._subtitle
+        if subtitle_text is not None:
+            subtitle_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        if subtitle_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_bottom([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            subtitle_text = align_text(
+                subtitle_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.subtitle_align,
+                box.bottom,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom_left + box.bottom, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(
+                subtitle_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4)
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom + box.bottom_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _title = self._title
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        renderables = [self.renderable, _title] if _title else [self.renderable]
+
+        if self.width is None:
+            width = (
+                measure_renderables(
+                    console,
+                    options.update_width(options.max_width - padding - 2),
+                    renderables,
+                ).maximum
+                + padding
+                + 2
+            )
+        else:
+            width = self.width
+        return Measurement(width, width)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+
+    from .box import DOUBLE, ROUNDED
+    from .padding import Padding
+
+    p = Panel(
+        "Hello, World!",
+        title="rich.Panel",
+        style="white on blue",
+        box=DOUBLE,
+        padding=1,
+    )
+
+    c.print()
+    c.print(p)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b9e3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
@@ -0,0 +1,995 @@
+import builtins
+import collections
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+from array import array
+from collections import Counter, UserDict, UserList, defaultdict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields, is_dataclass
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    DefaultDict,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.repr import RichReprResult
+
+try:
+    import attr as _attr_module
+
+    _has_attrs = hasattr(_attr_module, "ib")
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    _has_attrs = False
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from .abc import RichRenderable
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin, JupyterRenderable
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        HighlighterType,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+def _is_attr_object(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object was created with attrs module."""
+    return _has_attrs and _attr_module.has(type(obj))
+
+
+def _get_attr_fields(obj: Any) -> Sequence["_attr_module.Attribute[Any]"]:
+    """Get fields for an attrs object."""
+    return _attr_module.fields(type(obj)) if _has_attrs else []
+
+
+def _is_dataclass_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of a dataclass contains the default repr.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A dataclass instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there is a custom repr.
+    """
+    # Digging in to a lot of internals here
+    # Catching all exceptions in case something is missing on a non CPython implementation
+    try:
+        return obj.__repr__.__code__.co_filename == dataclasses.__file__
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no coverage
+        return False
+
+
+_dummy_namedtuple = collections.namedtuple("_dummy_namedtuple", [])
+
+
+def _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of namedtuple contains the default repr
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A namedtuple
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there's a custom repr.
+    """
+    obj_file = None
+    try:
+        obj_file = inspect.getfile(obj.__repr__)
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        # OSError handles case where object is defined in __main__ scope, e.g. REPL - no filename available.
+        # TypeError trapped defensively, in case of object without filename slips through.
+        pass
+    default_repr_file = inspect.getfile(_dummy_namedtuple.__repr__)
+    return obj_file == default_repr_file
+
+
+def _ipy_display_hook(
+    value: Any,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> Union[str, None]:
+    # needed here to prevent circular import:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+    # always skip rich generated jupyter renderables or None values
+    if _safe_isinstance(value, JupyterRenderable) or value is None:
+        return None
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+
+    with console.capture() as capture:
+        # certain renderables should start on a new line
+        if _safe_isinstance(value, ConsoleRenderable):
+            console.line()
+        console.print(
+            value
+            if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+            else Pretty(
+                value,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+                max_depth=max_depth,
+                expand_all=expand_all,
+                margin=12,
+            ),
+            crop=crop,
+            new_line_start=True,
+            end="",
+        )
+    # strip trailing newline, not usually part of a text repr
+    # I'm not sure if this should be prevented at a lower level
+    return capture.get().rstrip("\n")
+
+
+def _safe_isinstance(
+    obj: object, class_or_tuple: Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]]
+) -> bool:
+    """isinstance can fail in rare cases, for example types with no __class__"""
+    try:
+        return isinstance(obj, class_or_tuple)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def install(
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install automatic pretty printing in the Python REPL.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance or ``None`` to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (Optional[OverflowMethod], optional): Overflow method. Defaults to "ignore".
+        crop (Optional[bool], optional): Enable cropping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich import get_console
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+    assert console is not None
+
+    def display_hook(value: Any) -> None:
+        """Replacement sys.displayhook which prettifies objects with Rich."""
+        if value is not None:
+            assert console is not None
+            builtins._ = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            console.print(
+                value
+                if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+                else Pretty(
+                    value,
+                    overflow=overflow,
+                    indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                    max_length=max_length,
+                    max_string=max_string,
+                    max_depth=max_depth,
+                    expand_all=expand_all,
+                ),
+                crop=crop,
+            )
+            builtins._ = value  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    try:
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    except NameError:
+        sys.displayhook = display_hook
+    else:
+        from IPython.core.formatters import BaseFormatter
+
+        class RichFormatter(BaseFormatter):  # type: ignore[misc]
+            pprint: bool = True
+
+            def __call__(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+                if self.pprint:
+                    return _ipy_display_hook(
+                        value,
+                        console=get_console(),
+                        overflow=overflow,
+                        indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                        max_length=max_length,
+                        max_string=max_string,
+                        max_depth=max_depth,
+                        expand_all=expand_all,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return repr(value)
+
+        # replace plain text formatter with rich formatter
+        rich_formatter = RichFormatter()
+        ip.display_formatter.formatters["text/plain"] = rich_formatter
+
+
+class Pretty(JupyterMixin):
+    """A rich renderable that pretty prints an object.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): An object to pretty print.
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Highlighter object to apply to result, or None for ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces in indent. Defaults to 4.
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Justify method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (OverflowMethod, optional): Overflow method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        margin (int, optional): Subtrace a margin from width to force containers to expand earlier. Defaults to 0.
+        insert_line (bool, optional): Insert a new line if the output has multiple new lines. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        _object: Any,
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = None,
+        *,
+        indent_size: int = 4,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand_all: bool = False,
+        margin: int = 0,
+        insert_line: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._object = _object
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or ReprHighlighter()
+        self.indent_size = indent_size
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.max_length = max_length
+        self.max_string = max_string
+        self.max_depth = max_depth
+        self.expand_all = expand_all
+        self.margin = margin
+        self.insert_line = insert_line
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width - self.margin,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        pretty_text = Text.from_ansi(
+            pretty_str,
+            justify=self.justify or options.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow or options.overflow,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap),
+            style="pretty",
+        )
+        pretty_text = (
+            self.highlighter(pretty_text)
+            if pretty_text
+            else Text(
+                f"{type(self._object)}.__repr__ returned empty string",
+                style="dim italic",
+            )
+        )
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            pretty_text = pretty_text.with_indent_guides(
+                self.indent_size, style="repr.indent"
+            )
+        if self.insert_line and "\n" in pretty_text:
+            yield ""
+        yield pretty_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(line) for line in pretty_str.splitlines()) if pretty_str else 0
+        )
+        return Measurement(text_width, text_width)
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_defaultdict(_object: DefaultDict[Any, Any]) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{",
+        "})",
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{}})",
+    )
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_array(_object: "array[Any]") -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (f"array({_object.typecode!r}, [", "])", f"array({_object.typecode!r})")
+
+
+_BRACES: Dict[type, Callable[[Any], Tuple[str, str, str]]] = {
+    os._Environ: lambda _object: ("environ({", "})", "environ({})"),
+    array: _get_braces_for_array,
+    defaultdict: _get_braces_for_defaultdict,
+    Counter: lambda _object: ("Counter({", "})", "Counter()"),
+    deque: lambda _object: ("deque([", "])", "deque()"),
+    dict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    UserDict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    frozenset: lambda _object: ("frozenset({", "})", "frozenset()"),
+    list: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    UserList: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    set: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "set()"),
+    tuple: lambda _object: ("(", ")", "()"),
+    MappingProxyType: lambda _object: ("mappingproxy({", "})", "mappingproxy({})"),
+}
+_CONTAINERS = tuple(_BRACES.keys())
+_MAPPING_CONTAINERS = (dict, os._Environ, MappingProxyType, UserDict)
+
+
+def is_expandable(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be expanded by pretty print."""
+    return (
+        _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS)
+        or (is_dataclass(obj))
+        or (hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__"))
+        or _is_attr_object(obj)
+    ) and not isclass(obj)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Node:
+    """A node in a repr tree. May be atomic or a container."""
+
+    key_repr: str = ""
+    value_repr: str = ""
+    open_brace: str = ""
+    close_brace: str = ""
+    empty: str = ""
+    last: bool = False
+    is_tuple: bool = False
+    is_namedtuple: bool = False
+    children: Optional[List["Node"]] = None
+    key_separator: str = ": "
+    separator: str = ", "
+
+    def iter_tokens(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Generate tokens for this node."""
+        if self.key_repr:
+            yield self.key_repr
+            yield self.key_separator
+        if self.value_repr:
+            yield self.value_repr
+        elif self.children is not None:
+            if self.children:
+                yield self.open_brace
+                if self.is_tuple and not self.is_namedtuple and len(self.children) == 1:
+                    yield from self.children[0].iter_tokens()
+                    yield ","
+                else:
+                    for child in self.children:
+                        yield from child.iter_tokens()
+                        if not child.last:
+                            yield self.separator
+                yield self.close_brace
+            else:
+                yield self.empty
+
+    def check_length(self, start_length: int, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check the length fits within a limit.
+
+        Args:
+            start_length (int): Starting length of the line (indent, prefix, suffix).
+            max_length (int): Maximum length.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the node can be rendered within max length, otherwise False.
+        """
+        total_length = start_length
+        for token in self.iter_tokens():
+            total_length += cell_len(token)
+            if total_length > max_length:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        repr_text = "".join(self.iter_tokens())
+        return repr_text
+
+    def render(
+        self, max_width: int = 80, indent_size: int = 4, expand_all: bool = False
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the node to a pretty repr.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int, optional): Maximum width of the repr. Defaults to 80.
+            indent_size (int, optional): Size of indents. Defaults to 4.
+            expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all levels. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A repr string of the original object.
+        """
+        lines = [_Line(node=self, is_root=True)]
+        line_no = 0
+        while line_no < len(lines):
+            line = lines[line_no]
+            if line.expandable and not line.expanded:
+                if expand_all or not line.check_length(max_width):
+                    lines[line_no : line_no + 1] = line.expand(indent_size)
+            line_no += 1
+
+        repr_str = "\n".join(str(line) for line in lines)
+        return repr_str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Line:
+    """A line in repr output."""
+
+    parent: Optional["_Line"] = None
+    is_root: bool = False
+    node: Optional[Node] = None
+    text: str = ""
+    suffix: str = ""
+    whitespace: str = ""
+    expanded: bool = False
+    last: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def expandable(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the line may be expanded."""
+        return bool(self.node is not None and self.node.children)
+
+    def check_length(self, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check this line fits within a given number of cells."""
+        start_length = (
+            len(self.whitespace) + cell_len(self.text) + cell_len(self.suffix)
+        )
+        assert self.node is not None
+        return self.node.check_length(start_length, max_length)
+
+    def expand(self, indent_size: int) -> Iterable["_Line"]:
+        """Expand this line by adding children on their own line."""
+        node = self.node
+        assert node is not None
+        whitespace = self.whitespace
+        assert node.children
+        if node.key_repr:
+            new_line = yield _Line(
+                text=f"{node.key_repr}{node.key_separator}{node.open_brace}",
+                whitespace=whitespace,
+            )
+        else:
+            new_line = yield _Line(text=node.open_brace, whitespace=whitespace)
+        child_whitespace = self.whitespace + " " * indent_size
+        tuple_of_one = node.is_tuple and len(node.children) == 1
+        for last, child in loop_last(node.children):
+            separator = "," if tuple_of_one else node.separator
+            line = _Line(
+                parent=new_line,
+                node=child,
+                whitespace=child_whitespace,
+                suffix=separator,
+                last=last and not tuple_of_one,
+            )
+            yield line
+
+        yield _Line(
+            text=node.close_brace,
+            whitespace=whitespace,
+            suffix=self.suffix,
+            last=self.last,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.last:
+            return f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}"
+        else:
+            return (
+                f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}{self.suffix.rstrip()}"
+            )
+
+
+def _is_namedtuple(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Checks if an object is most likely a namedtuple. It is possible
+    to craft an object that passes this check and isn't a namedtuple, but
+    there is only a minuscule chance of this happening unintentionally.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): The object to test
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the object is a namedtuple. False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        fields = getattr(obj, "_fields", None)
+    except Exception:
+        # Being very defensive - if we cannot get the attr then its not a namedtuple
+        return False
+    return isinstance(obj, tuple) and isinstance(fields, tuple)
+
+
+def traverse(
+    _object: Any,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Node:
+    """Traverse object and generate a tree.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to be traversed.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of data structures, or None for no maximum.
+            Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        Node: The root of a tree structure which can be used to render a pretty repr.
+    """
+
+    def to_repr(obj: Any) -> str:
+        """Get repr string for an object, but catch errors."""
+        if (
+            max_string is not None
+            and _safe_isinstance(obj, (bytes, str))
+            and len(obj) > max_string
+        ):
+            truncated = len(obj) - max_string
+            obj_repr = f"{obj[:max_string]!r}+{truncated}"
+        else:
+            try:
+                obj_repr = repr(obj)
+            except Exception as error:
+                obj_repr = f"<repr-error {str(error)!r}>"
+        return obj_repr
+
+    visited_ids: Set[int] = set()
+    push_visited = visited_ids.add
+    pop_visited = visited_ids.remove
+
+    def _traverse(obj: Any, root: bool = False, depth: int = 0) -> Node:
+        """Walk the object depth first."""
+
+        obj_id = id(obj)
+        if obj_id in visited_ids:
+            # Recursion detected
+            return Node(value_repr="...")
+
+        obj_type = type(obj)
+        children: List[Node]
+        reached_max_depth = max_depth is not None and depth >= max_depth
+
+        def iter_rich_args(rich_args: Any) -> Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[str, Any]]]:
+            for arg in rich_args:
+                if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 3:
+                        key, child, default = arg
+                        if default == child:
+                            continue
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 2:
+                        key, child = arg
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 1:
+                        yield arg[0]
+                else:
+                    yield arg
+
+        try:
+            fake_attributes = hasattr(
+                obj, "awehoi234_wdfjwljet234_234wdfoijsdfmmnxpi492"
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            fake_attributes = False
+
+        rich_repr_result: Optional[RichReprResult] = None
+        if not fake_attributes:
+            try:
+                if hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__") and not isclass(obj):
+                    rich_repr_result = obj.__rich_repr__()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        if rich_repr_result is not None:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            angular = getattr(obj.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)
+            args = list(iter_rich_args(rich_repr_result))
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+
+            if args:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"<{class_name}...>")
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)")
+                else:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"<{class_name} ",
+                            close_brace=">",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                            separator=" ",
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                            close_brace=")",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                        )
+                    for last, arg in loop_last(args):
+                        if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                            key, child = arg
+                            child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            child_node.key_repr = key
+                            child_node.key_separator = "="
+                            append(child_node)
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(arg, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"<{class_name}>" if angular else f"{class_name}()",
+                    children=[],
+                    last=root,
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_attr_object(obj) and not fake_attributes:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+
+            attr_fields = _get_attr_fields(obj)
+            if attr_fields:
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+                else:
+                    node = Node(
+                        open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                        close_brace=")",
+                        children=children,
+                        last=root,
+                    )
+
+                    def iter_attrs() -> (
+                        Iterable[Tuple[str, Any, Optional[Callable[[Any], str]]]]
+                    ):
+                        """Iterate over attr fields and values."""
+                        for attr in attr_fields:
+                            if attr.repr:
+                                try:
+                                    value = getattr(obj, attr.name)
+                                except Exception as error:
+                                    # Can happen, albeit rarely
+                                    yield (attr.name, error, None)
+                                else:
+                                    yield (
+                                        attr.name,
+                                        value,
+                                        attr.repr if callable(attr.repr) else None,
+                                    )
+
+                    for last, (name, value, repr_callable) in loop_last(iter_attrs()):
+                        if repr_callable:
+                            child_node = Node(value_repr=str(repr_callable(value)))
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = last
+                        child_node.key_repr = name
+                        child_node.key_separator = "="
+                        append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()", children=[], last=root
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif (
+            is_dataclass(obj)
+            and not _safe_isinstance(obj, type)
+            and not fake_attributes
+            and _is_dataclass_repr(obj)
+        ):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                    empty=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()",
+                )
+
+                for last, field in loop_last(
+                    field for field in fields(obj) if field.repr
+                ):
+                    child_node = _traverse(getattr(obj, field.name), depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = field.name
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_namedtuple(obj) and _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                # If we've reached the max depth, we still show the class name, but not its contents
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)",
+                )
+            else:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    empty=f"{class_name}()",
+                )
+                for last, (key, value) in loop_last(obj._asdict().items()):
+                    child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = key
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS):
+            for container_type in _CONTAINERS:
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, container_type):
+                    obj_type = container_type
+                    break
+
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+
+            open_brace, close_brace, empty = _BRACES[obj_type](obj)
+
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{open_brace}...{close_brace}")
+            elif obj_type.__repr__ != type(obj).__repr__:
+                node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+            elif obj:
+                children = []
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=open_brace,
+                    close_brace=close_brace,
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                )
+                append = children.append
+                num_items = len(obj)
+                last_item_index = num_items - 1
+
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, _MAPPING_CONTAINERS):
+                    iter_items = iter(obj.items())
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_items = islice(iter_items, max_length)
+                    for index, (key, child) in enumerate(iter_items):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.key_repr = to_repr(key)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                else:
+                    iter_values = iter(obj)
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_values = islice(iter_values, max_length)
+                    for index, child in enumerate(iter_values):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                if max_length is not None and num_items > max_length:
+                    append(Node(value_repr=f"... +{num_items - max_length}", last=True))
+            else:
+                node = Node(empty=empty, children=[], last=root)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        else:
+            node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+        node.is_tuple = _safe_isinstance(obj, tuple)
+        node.is_namedtuple = _is_namedtuple(obj)
+        return node
+
+    node = _traverse(_object, root=True)
+    return node
+
+
+def pretty_repr(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    max_width: int = 80,
+    indent_size: int = 4,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Prettify repr string by expanding on to new lines to fit within a given width.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to repr.
+        max_width (int, optional): Desired maximum width of repr string. Defaults to 80.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 4.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structure, or None for no depth.
+            Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers regardless of available width. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: A possibly multi-line representation of the object.
+    """
+
+    if _safe_isinstance(_object, Node):
+        node = _object
+    else:
+        node = traverse(
+            _object, max_length=max_length, max_string=max_string, max_depth=max_depth
+        )
+    repr_str: str = node.render(
+        max_width=max_width, indent_size=indent_size, expand_all=expand_all
+    )
+    return repr_str
+
+
+def pprint(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """A convenience function for pretty printing.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to pretty print.
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of strings before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth for nested data structures, or None for unlimited depth. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to True.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+    """
+    _console = get_console() if console is None else console
+    _console.print(
+        Pretty(
+            _object,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            max_string=max_string,
+            max_depth=max_depth,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            expand_all=expand_all,
+            overflow="ignore",
+        ),
+        soft_wrap=True,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class BrokenRepr:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            1 / 0
+            return "this will fail"
+
+    from typing import NamedTuple
+
+    class StockKeepingUnit(NamedTuple):
+        name: str
+        description: str
+        price: float
+        category: str
+        reviews: List[str]
+
+    d = defaultdict(int)
+    d["foo"] = 5
+    data = {
+        "foo": [
+            1,
+            "Hello World!",
+            100.123,
+            323.232,
+            432324.0,
+            {5, 6, 7, (1, 2, 3, 4), 8},
+        ],
+        "bar": frozenset({1, 2, 3}),
+        "defaultdict": defaultdict(
+            list, {"crumble": ["apple", "rhubarb", "butter", "sugar", "flour"]}
+        ),
+        "counter": Counter(
+            [
+                "apple",
+                "orange",
+                "pear",
+                "kumquat",
+                "kumquat",
+                "durian" * 100,
+            ]
+        ),
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+        "namedtuple": StockKeepingUnit(
+            "Sparkling British Spring Water",
+            "Carbonated spring water",
+            0.9,
+            "water",
+            ["its amazing!", "its terrible!"],
+        ),
+        "Broken": BrokenRepr(),
+    }
+    data["foo"].append(data)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(Pretty(data, indent_guides=True, max_string=20))
+
+    class Thing:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return "Hello\x1b[38;5;239m World!"
+
+    print(Pretty(Thing()))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2420c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1699 @@
+import io
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections import deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import timedelta
+from io import RawIOBase, UnsupportedOperation
+from math import ceil
+from mmap import mmap
+from operator import length_hint
+from os import PathLike, stat
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    ContextManager,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import filesize, get_console
+from .console import Console, Group, JustifyMethod, RenderableType
+from .highlighter import Highlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .progress_bar import ProgressBar
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+from .table import Column, Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+TaskID = NewType("TaskID", int)
+
+ProgressType = TypeVar("ProgressType")
+
+GetTimeCallable = Callable[[], float]
+
+
+_I = typing.TypeVar("_I", TextIO, BinaryIO)
+
+
+class _TrackThread(Thread):
+    """A thread to periodically update progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", task_id: "TaskID", update_period: float):
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task_id = task_id
+        self.update_period = update_period
+        self.done = Event()
+
+        self.completed = 0
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        task_id = self.task_id
+        advance = self.progress.advance
+        update_period = self.update_period
+        last_completed = 0
+        wait = self.done.wait
+        while not wait(update_period):
+            completed = self.completed
+            if last_completed != completed:
+                advance(task_id, completed - last_completed)
+                last_completed = completed
+
+        self.progress.update(self.task_id, completed=self.completed, refresh=True)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_TrackThread":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+        self.join()
+
+
+def track(
+    sequence: Union[Sequence[ProgressType], Iterable[ProgressType]],
+    description: str = "Working...",
+    total: Optional[float] = None,
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    update_period: float = 0.1,
+    disable: bool = False,
+    show_speed: bool = True,
+) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+    """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+    Args:
+        sequence (Iterable[ProgressType]): A sequence (must support "len") you wish to iterate over.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Working".
+        total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total isn't known. Defaults to True.
+    Returns:
+        Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of the values in the sequence.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            TaskProgressColumn(show_speed=show_speed),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(elapsed_when_finished=True),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    with progress:
+        yield from progress.track(
+            sequence, total=total, description=description, update_period=update_period
+        )
+
+
+class _Reader(RawIOBase, BinaryIO):
+    """A reader that tracks progress while it's being read from."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handle: BinaryIO,
+        progress: "Progress",
+        task: TaskID,
+        close_handle: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task = task
+        self.close_handle = close_handle
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_Reader":
+        self.handle.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> BinaryIO:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        line = next(self.handle)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._closed
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.fileno()
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.mode
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.name
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.readable()
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.seekable()
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        block = self.handle.read(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(block))
+        return block
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Union[bytearray, memoryview, mmap]):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def, override]
+        n = self.handle.readinto(b)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=n)
+        return n
+
+    def readline(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:  # type: ignore[override]
+        line = self.handle.readline(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    def readlines(self, hint: int = -1) -> List[bytes]:
+        lines = self.handle.readlines(hint)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=sum(map(len, lines)))
+        return lines
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self.close_handle:
+            self.handle.close()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        pos = self.handle.seek(offset, whence)
+        self.progress.update(self.task, completed=pos)
+        return pos
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.tell()
+
+    def write(self, s: Any) -> int:
+        raise UnsupportedOperation("write")
+
+
+class _ReadContext(ContextManager[_I], Generic[_I]):
+    """A utility class to handle a context for both a reader and a progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", reader: _I) -> None:
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.reader: _I = reader
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _I:
+        self.progress.start()
+        return self.reader.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.progress.stop()
+        self.reader.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: BinaryIO,
+    total: int,
+    *,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        file (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        total (int): Total number of bytes to read.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.wrap_file(file, total=total, description=description)
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[TextIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Literal["rb"],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> Union[ContextManager[BinaryIO], ContextManager[TextIO]]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        path (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+        buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+        errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+        newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`
+        total: (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. Must be provided if reading from a file handle. Default for a path is os.stat(file).st_size.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.open(
+        file,
+        mode=mode,
+        buffering=buffering,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        errors=errors,
+        newline=newline,
+        total=total,
+        description=description,
+    )
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)  # type: ignore[return-value, type-var]
+
+
+class ProgressColumn(ABC):
+    """Base class for a widget to use in progress display."""
+
+    max_refresh: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def __init__(self, table_column: Optional[Column] = None) -> None:
+        self._table_column = table_column
+        self._renderable_cache: Dict[TaskID, Tuple[float, RenderableType]] = {}
+        self._update_time: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def get_table_column(self) -> Column:
+        """Get a table column, used to build tasks table."""
+        return self._table_column or Column()
+
+    def __call__(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Called by the Progress object to return a renderable for the given task.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): An object containing information regarding the task.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Anything renderable (including str).
+        """
+        current_time = task.get_time()
+        if self.max_refresh is not None and not task.completed:
+            try:
+                timestamp, renderable = self._renderable_cache[task.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if timestamp + self.max_refresh > current_time:
+                    return renderable
+
+        renderable = self.render(task)
+        self._renderable_cache[task.id] = (current_time, renderable)
+        return renderable
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Should return a renderable object."""
+
+
+class RenderableColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column to insert an arbitrary column.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Any renderable. Defaults to empty string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType = "", *, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+
+class SpinnerColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        spinner_name (str, optional): Name of spinner animation. Defaults to "dots".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        finished_text (TextType, optional): Text used when task is finished. Defaults to " ".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str = "dots",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        finished_text: TextType = " ",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=style, speed=speed)
+        self.finished_text = (
+            Text.from_markup(finished_text)
+            if isinstance(finished_text, str)
+            else finished_text
+        )
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def set_spinner(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a new spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            spinner_name (str): Spinner name, see python -m rich.spinner.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): Spinner style. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        """
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        text = (
+            self.finished_text
+            if task.finished
+            else self.spinner.render(task.get_time())
+        )
+        return text
+
+
+class TextColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column containing text."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.text_format = text_format
+        self.justify: JustifyMethod = justify
+        self.style = style
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.highlighter = highlighter
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column or Column(no_wrap=True))
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        _text = self.text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class BarColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders a visual progress bar.
+
+    Args:
+        bar_width (Optional[int], optional): Width of bar or None for full width. Defaults to 40.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bar_width: Optional[int] = 40,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.bar_width = bar_width
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> ProgressBar:
+        """Gets a progress bar widget for a task."""
+        return ProgressBar(
+            total=max(0, task.total) if task.total is not None else None,
+            completed=max(0, task.completed),
+            width=None if self.bar_width is None else max(1, self.bar_width),
+            pulse=not task.started,
+            animation_time=task.get_time(),
+            style=self.style,
+            complete_style=self.complete_style,
+            finished_style=self.finished_style,
+            pulse_style=self.pulse_style,
+        )
+
+
+class TimeElapsedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders time elapsed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time elapsed."""
+        elapsed = task.finished_time if task.finished else task.elapsed
+        if elapsed is None:
+            return Text("-:--:--", style="progress.elapsed")
+        delta = timedelta(seconds=max(0, int(elapsed)))
+        return Text(str(delta), style="progress.elapsed")
+
+
+class TaskProgressColumn(TextColumn):
+    """Show task progress as a percentage.
+
+    Args:
+        text_format (str, optional): Format for percentage display. Defaults to "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%".
+        text_format_no_percentage (str, optional): Format if percentage is unknown. Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of output. Defaults to "none".
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Text justification. Defaults to "left".
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable markup. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Optional[Highlighter], optional): Highlighter to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+        table_column (Optional[Column], optional): Table Column to use. Defaults to None.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total is unknown. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str = "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        text_format_no_percentage: str = "",
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+        show_speed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.text_format_no_percentage = text_format_no_percentage
+        self.show_speed = show_speed
+        super().__init__(
+            text_format=text_format,
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            markup=markup,
+            highlighter=highlighter,
+            table_column=table_column,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def render_speed(cls, speed: Optional[float]) -> Text:
+        """Render the speed in iterations per second.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): A Task object.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text object containing the task speed.
+        """
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("", style="progress.percentage")
+        unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+            int(speed),
+            ["", "×10³", "×10⁶", "×10⁹", "×10¹²"],
+            1000,
+        )
+        data_speed = speed / unit
+        return Text(f"{data_speed:.1f}{suffix} it/s", style="progress.percentage")
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        if task.total is None and self.show_speed:
+            return self.render_speed(task.finished_speed or task.speed)
+        text_format = (
+            self.text_format_no_percentage if task.total is None else self.text_format
+        )
+        _text = text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class TimeRemainingColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders estimated time remaining.
+
+    Args:
+        compact (bool, optional): Render MM:SS when time remaining is less than an hour. Defaults to False.
+        elapsed_when_finished (bool, optional): Render time elapsed when the task is finished. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    # Only refresh twice a second to prevent jitter
+    max_refresh = 0.5
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        compact: bool = False,
+        elapsed_when_finished: bool = False,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.compact = compact
+        self.elapsed_when_finished = elapsed_when_finished
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time remaining."""
+        if self.elapsed_when_finished and task.finished:
+            task_time = task.finished_time
+            style = "progress.elapsed"
+        else:
+            task_time = task.time_remaining
+            style = "progress.remaining"
+
+        if task.total is None:
+            return Text("", style=style)
+
+        if task_time is None:
+            return Text("--:--" if self.compact else "-:--:--", style=style)
+
+        # Based on https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/std.py
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(int(task_time), 60)
+        hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+
+        if self.compact and not hours:
+            formatted = f"{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+        else:
+            formatted = f"{hours:d}:{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+
+        return Text(formatted, style=style)
+
+
+class FileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.completed))
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize")
+
+
+class TotalFileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders total filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.total)) if task.total is not None else ""
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize.total")
+
+
+class MofNCompleteColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed count/total, e.g. '  10/1000'.
+
+    Best for bounded tasks with int quantities.
+
+    Space pads the completed count so that progress length does not change as task progresses
+    past powers of 10.
+
+    Args:
+        separator (str, optional): Text to separate completed and total values. Defaults to "/".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, separator: str = "/", table_column: Optional[Column] = None):
+        self.separator = separator
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show completed/total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+        total = int(task.total) if task.total is not None else "?"
+        total_width = len(str(total))
+        return Text(
+            f"{completed:{total_width}d}{self.separator}{total}",
+            style="progress.download",
+        )
+
+
+class DownloadColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders file size downloaded and total, e.g. '0.5/2.3 GB'.
+
+    Args:
+        binary_units (bool, optional): Use binary units, KiB, MiB etc. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, binary_units: bool = False, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.binary_units = binary_units
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Calculate common unit for completed and total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+
+        unit_and_suffix_calculation_base = (
+            int(task.total) if task.total is not None else completed
+        )
+        if self.binary_units:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB", "YiB"],
+                1024,
+            )
+        else:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"],
+                1000,
+            )
+        precision = 0 if unit == 1 else 1
+
+        completed_ratio = completed / unit
+        completed_str = f"{completed_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+
+        if task.total is not None:
+            total = int(task.total)
+            total_ratio = total / unit
+            total_str = f"{total_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+        else:
+            total_str = "?"
+
+        download_status = f"{completed_str}/{total_str} {suffix}"
+        download_text = Text(download_status, style="progress.download")
+        return download_text
+
+
+class TransferSpeedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders human readable transfer speed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data transfer speed."""
+        speed = task.finished_speed or task.speed
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("?", style="progress.data.speed")
+        data_speed = filesize.decimal(int(speed))
+        return Text(f"{data_speed}/s", style="progress.data.speed")
+
+
+class ProgressSample(NamedTuple):
+    """Sample of progress for a given time."""
+
+    timestamp: float
+    """Timestamp of sample."""
+    completed: float
+    """Number of steps completed."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Task:
+    """Information regarding a progress task.
+
+    This object should be considered read-only outside of the :class:`~Progress` class.
+
+    """
+
+    id: TaskID
+    """Task ID associated with this task (used in Progress methods)."""
+
+    description: str
+    """str: Description of the task."""
+
+    total: Optional[float]
+    """Optional[float]: Total number of steps in this task."""
+
+    completed: float
+    """float: Number of steps completed"""
+
+    _get_time: GetTimeCallable
+    """Callable to get the current time."""
+
+    finished_time: Optional[float] = None
+    """float: Time task was finished."""
+
+    visible: bool = True
+    """bool: Indicates if this task is visible in the progress display."""
+
+    fields: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """dict: Arbitrary fields passed in via Progress.update."""
+
+    start_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was started, or None if not started."""
+
+    stop_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was stopped, or None if not stopped."""
+
+    finished_speed: Optional[float] = None
+    """Optional[float]: The last speed for a finished task."""
+
+    _progress: Deque[ProgressSample] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: deque(maxlen=1000), init=False, repr=False
+    )
+
+    _lock: RLock = field(repr=False, default_factory=RLock)
+    """Thread lock."""
+
+    def get_time(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get the current time, in seconds."""
+        return self._get_time()
+
+    @property
+    def started(self) -> bool:
+        """bool: Check if the task as started."""
+        return self.start_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the number of steps remaining, if a non-None total was set."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        return self.total - self.completed
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Time elapsed since task was started, or ``None`` if the task hasn't started."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        if self.stop_time is not None:
+            return self.stop_time - self.start_time
+        return self.get_time() - self.start_time
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the task has finished."""
+        return self.finished_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get progress of task as a percentage. If a None total was set, returns 0"""
+        if not self.total:
+            return 0.0
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100.0, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the estimated speed in steps per second."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        with self._lock:
+            progress = self._progress
+            if not progress:
+                return None
+            total_time = progress[-1].timestamp - progress[0].timestamp
+            if total_time == 0:
+                return None
+            iter_progress = iter(progress)
+            next(iter_progress)
+            total_completed = sum(sample.completed for sample in iter_progress)
+            speed = total_completed / total_time
+            return speed
+
+    @property
+    def time_remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get estimated time to completion, or ``None`` if no data."""
+        if self.finished:
+            return 0.0
+        speed = self.speed
+        if not speed:
+            return None
+        remaining = self.remaining
+        if remaining is None:
+            return None
+        estimate = ceil(remaining / speed)
+        return estimate
+
+    def _reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset progress."""
+        self._progress.clear()
+        self.finished_time = None
+        self.finished_speed = None
+
+
+class Progress(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders an auto-updating progress bar(s).
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()`.
+        refresh_per_second (Optional[float], optional): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information or None to use default (10). Defaults to None.
+        speed_estimate_period: (float, optional): Period (in seconds) used to calculate the speed estimate. Defaults to 30.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        get_time: (Callable, optional): A callable that gets the current time, or None to use Console.get_time. Defaults to None.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable progress display. Defaults to False
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand tasks table to fit width. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *columns: Union[str, ProgressColumn],
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+        speed_estimate_period: float = 30.0,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        get_time: Optional[GetTimeCallable] = None,
+        disable: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.columns = columns or self.get_default_columns()
+        self.speed_estimate_period = speed_estimate_period
+
+        self.disable = disable
+        self.expand = expand
+        self._tasks: Dict[TaskID, Task] = {}
+        self._task_index: TaskID = TaskID(0)
+        self.live = Live(
+            console=console or get_console(),
+            auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=transient,
+            redirect_stdout=redirect_stdout,
+            redirect_stderr=redirect_stderr,
+            get_renderable=self.get_renderable,
+        )
+        self.get_time = get_time or self.console.get_time
+        self.print = self.console.print
+        self.log = self.console.log
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_default_columns(cls) -> Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...]:
+        """Get the default columns used for a new Progress instance:
+           - a text column for the description (TextColumn)
+           - the bar itself (BarColumn)
+           - a text column showing completion percentage (TextColumn)
+           - an estimated-time-remaining column (TimeRemainingColumn)
+        If the Progress instance is created without passing a columns argument,
+        the default columns defined here will be used.
+
+        You can also create a Progress instance using custom columns before
+        and/or after the defaults, as in this example:
+
+            progress = Progress(
+                SpinnerColumn(),
+                *Progress.get_default_columns(),
+                "Elapsed:",
+                TimeElapsedColumn(),
+            )
+
+        This code shows the creation of a Progress display, containing
+        a spinner to the left, the default columns, and a labeled elapsed
+        time column.
+        """
+        return (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            TaskProgressColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> Console:
+        return self.live.console
+
+    @property
+    def tasks(self) -> List[Task]:
+        """Get a list of Task instances."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.values())
+
+    @property
+    def task_ids(self) -> List[TaskID]:
+        """A list of task IDs."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.keys())
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if all tasks have been completed."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._tasks:
+                return True
+            return all(task.finished for task in self._tasks.values())
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the progress display."""
+        if not self.disable:
+            self.live.start(refresh=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the progress display."""
+        self.live.stop()
+        if not self.console.is_interactive:
+            self.console.print()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Progress":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def track(
+        self,
+        sequence: Union[Iterable[ProgressType], Sequence[ProgressType]],
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Working...",
+        update_period: float = 0.1,
+    ) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+        """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+        Args:
+            sequence (Sequence[ProgressType]): A sequence of values you want to iterate over and track progress.
+            total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+            task_id: (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description: (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+            update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of values taken from the provided sequence.
+        """
+        if total is None:
+            total = float(length_hint(sequence)) or None
+
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        if self.live.auto_refresh:
+            with _TrackThread(self, task_id, update_period) as track_thread:
+                for value in sequence:
+                    yield value
+                    track_thread.completed += 1
+        else:
+            advance = self.advance
+            refresh = self.refresh
+            for value in sequence:
+                yield value
+                advance(task_id, 1)
+                refresh()
+
+    def wrap_file(
+        self,
+        file: BinaryIO,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        """Track progress file reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            file (BinaryIO): A file-like object opened in binary mode.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. This must be provided unless a task with a total is also given.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When no total value can be extracted from the arguments or the task.
+        """
+        # attempt to recover the total from the task
+        total_bytes: Optional[float] = None
+        if total is not None:
+            total_bytes = total
+        elif task_id is not None:
+            with self._lock:
+                total_bytes = self._tasks[task_id].total
+        if total_bytes is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"unable to get the total number of bytes, please specify 'total'"
+            )
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total_bytes)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total_bytes)
+
+        return _Reader(file, self, task_id, close_handle=False)
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Literal["rb"],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        pass
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["r"], Literal["rt"]],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> TextIO:
+        pass
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> Union[BinaryIO, TextIO]:
+        """Track progress while reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (Union[str, PathLike[str]]): The path to the file to read.
+            mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+            buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+            encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+            newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. If none given, os.stat(path).st_size is used.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When an invalid mode is given.
+        """
+        # normalize the mode (always rb, rt)
+        _mode = "".join(sorted(mode, reverse=False))
+        if _mode not in ("br", "rt", "r"):
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode {!r}".format(mode))
+
+        # patch buffering to provide the same behaviour as the builtin `open`
+        line_buffering = buffering == 1
+        if _mode == "br" and buffering == 1:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "line buffering (buffering=1) isn't supported in binary mode, the default buffer size will be used",
+                RuntimeWarning,
+            )
+            buffering = -1
+        elif _mode in ("rt", "r"):
+            if buffering == 0:
+                raise ValueError("can't have unbuffered text I/O")
+            elif buffering == 1:
+                buffering = -1
+
+        # attempt to get the total with `os.stat`
+        if total is None:
+            total = stat(file).st_size
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        # open the file in binary mode,
+        handle = io.open(file, "rb", buffering=buffering)
+        reader = _Reader(handle, self, task_id, close_handle=True)
+
+        # wrap the reader in a `TextIOWrapper` if text mode
+        if mode in ("r", "rt"):
+            return io.TextIOWrapper(
+                reader,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                errors=errors,
+                newline=newline,
+                line_buffering=line_buffering,
+            )
+
+        return reader
+
+    def start_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Start a task.
+
+        Starts a task (used when calculating elapsed time). You may need to call this manually,
+        if you called ``add_task`` with ``start=False``.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = self.get_time()
+
+    def stop_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Stop a task.
+
+        This will freeze the elapsed time on the task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = current_time
+            task.stop_time = current_time
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: Optional[float] = None,
+        advance: Optional[float] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        refresh: bool = False,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update information associated with a task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): Task id (returned by add_task).
+            total (float, optional): Updates task.total if not None.
+            completed (float, optional): Updates task.completed if not None.
+            advance (float, optional): Add a value to task.completed if not None.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None.
+            visible (bool, optional): Set visible flag if not None.
+            refresh (bool): Force a refresh of progress information. Default is False.
+            **fields (Any): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+
+            if total is not None and total != task.total:
+                task.total = total
+                task._reset()
+            if advance is not None:
+                task.completed += advance
+            if completed is not None:
+                task.completed = completed
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            task.fields.update(fields)
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            if update_completed > 0:
+                _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+
+        if refresh:
+            self.refresh()
+
+    def reset(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reset a task so completed is 0 and the clock is reset.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task after reset. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): New total steps in task, or None to use current total. Defaults to None.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None. Defaults to None.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            task._reset()
+            task.start_time = current_time if start else None
+            if total is not None:
+                task.total = total
+            task.completed = completed
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            if fields:
+                task.fields = fields
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            task.finished_time = None
+        self.refresh()
+
+    def advance(self, task_id: TaskID, advance: float = 1) -> None:
+        """Advance task by a number of steps.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            advance (float): Number of steps to advance. Default is 1.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+            task.completed += advance
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            while len(_progress) > 1000:
+                popleft()
+            _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+                task.finished_speed = task.speed
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Refresh (render) the progress information."""
+        if not self.disable and self.live.is_started:
+            self.live.refresh()
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get a renderable for the progress display."""
+        renderable = Group(*self.get_renderables())
+        return renderable
+
+    def get_renderables(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Get a number of renderables for the progress display."""
+        table = self.make_tasks_table(self.tasks)
+        yield table
+
+    def make_tasks_table(self, tasks: Iterable[Task]) -> Table:
+        """Get a table to render the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            tasks (Iterable[Task]): An iterable of Task instances, one per row of the table.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        table_columns = (
+            (
+                Column(no_wrap=True)
+                if isinstance(_column, str)
+                else _column.get_table_column().copy()
+            )
+            for _column in self.columns
+        )
+        table = Table.grid(*table_columns, padding=(0, 1), expand=self.expand)
+
+        for task in tasks:
+            if task.visible:
+                table.add_row(
+                    *(
+                        (
+                            column.format(task=task)
+                            if isinstance(column, str)
+                            else column(task)
+                        )
+                        for column in self.columns
+                    )
+                )
+        return table
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Makes the Progress class itself renderable."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.get_renderable()
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: bool = True,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> TaskID:
+        """Add a new 'task' to the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            description (str): A description of the task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task immediately (to calculate elapsed time). If set to False,
+                you will need to call `start` manually. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): Number of total steps in the progress if known.
+                Set to None to render a pulsing animation. Defaults to 100.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed so far. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+
+        Returns:
+            TaskID: An ID you can use when calling `update`.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = Task(
+                self._task_index,
+                description,
+                total,
+                completed,
+                visible=visible,
+                fields=fields,
+                _get_time=self.get_time,
+                _lock=self._lock,
+            )
+            self._tasks[self._task_index] = task
+            if start:
+                self.start_task(self._task_index)
+            new_task_index = self._task_index
+            self._task_index = TaskID(int(self._task_index) + 1)
+        self.refresh()
+        return new_task_index
+
+    def remove_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Delete a task if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): A task ID.
+
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            del self._tasks[task_id]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no coverage
+    import random
+    import time
+
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    from itertools import cycle
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    with Progress(
+        SpinnerColumn(),
+        *Progress.get_default_columns(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        console=console,
+        transient=False,
+    ) as progress:
+        task1 = progress.add_task("[red]Downloading", total=1000)
+        task2 = progress.add_task("[green]Processing", total=1000)
+        task3 = progress.add_task("[yellow]Thinking", total=None)
+
+        while not progress.finished:
+            progress.update(task1, advance=0.5)
+            progress.update(task2, advance=0.3)
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+            if random.randint(0, 100) < 1:
+                progress.log(next(examples))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2bf326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import math
+from functools import lru_cache
+from time import monotonic
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+# Number of characters before 'pulse' animation repeats
+PULSE_SIZE = 20
+
+
+class ProgressBar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a (progress) bar. Used by rich.progress.
+
+    Args:
+        total (float, optional): Number of steps in the bar. Defaults to 100. Set to None to render a pulsing animation.
+        completed (float, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        pulse (bool, optional): Enable pulse effect. Defaults to False. Will pulse if a None total was passed.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        animation_time (Optional[float], optional): Time in seconds to use for animation, or None to use system time.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: float = 0,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        pulse: bool = False,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        animation_time: Optional[float] = None,
+    ):
+        self.total = total
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.width = width
+        self.pulse = pulse
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        self.animation_time = animation_time
+
+        self._pulse_segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Bar {self.completed!r} of {self.total!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def percentage_completed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Calculate percentage complete."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=16)
+    def _get_pulse_segments(
+        self,
+        fore_style: Style,
+        back_style: Style,
+        color_system: str,
+        no_color: bool,
+        ascii: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a list of segments to render a pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A list of segments, one segment per character.
+        """
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        segments: List[Segment] = []
+        if color_system not in ("standard", "eight_bit", "truecolor") or no_color:
+            segments += [Segment(bar, fore_style)] * (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            segments += [Segment(" " if no_color else bar, back_style)] * (
+                PULSE_SIZE - (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            )
+            return segments
+
+        append = segments.append
+        fore_color = (
+            fore_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if fore_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(255, 0, 255)
+        )
+        back_color = (
+            back_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if back_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(0, 0, 0)
+        )
+        cos = math.cos
+        pi = math.pi
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _Style = Style
+        from_triplet = Color.from_triplet
+
+        for index in range(PULSE_SIZE):
+            position = index / PULSE_SIZE
+            fade = 0.5 + cos((position * pi * 2)) / 2.0
+            color = blend_rgb(fore_color, back_color, cross_fade=fade)
+            append(_Segment(bar, _Style(color=from_triplet(color))))
+        return segments
+
+    def update(self, completed: float, total: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
+        """Update progress with new values.
+
+        Args:
+            completed (float): Number of steps completed.
+            total (float, optional): Total number of steps, or ``None`` to not change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.total = total if total is not None else self.total
+
+    def _render_pulse(
+        self, console: Console, width: int, ascii: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Renders the pulse animation.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Width in characters of pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderResult: [description]
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterator[Segment]: Segments to render pulse
+        """
+        fore_style = console.get_style(self.pulse_style, default="white")
+        back_style = console.get_style(self.style, default="black")
+
+        pulse_segments = self._get_pulse_segments(
+            fore_style, back_style, console.color_system, console.no_color, ascii=ascii
+        )
+        segment_count = len(pulse_segments)
+        current_time = (
+            monotonic() if self.animation_time is None else self.animation_time
+        )
+        segments = pulse_segments * (int(width / segment_count) + 2)
+        offset = int(-current_time * 15) % segment_count
+        segments = segments[offset : offset + width]
+        yield from segments
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = min(self.width or options.max_width, options.max_width)
+        ascii = options.legacy_windows or options.ascii_only
+        should_pulse = self.pulse or self.total is None
+        if should_pulse:
+            yield from self._render_pulse(console, width, ascii=ascii)
+            return
+
+        completed: Optional[float] = (
+            min(self.total, max(0, self.completed)) if self.total is not None else None
+        )
+
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        half_bar_right = " " if ascii else "╸"
+        half_bar_left = " " if ascii else "╺"
+        complete_halves = (
+            int(width * 2 * completed / self.total)
+            if self.total and completed is not None
+            else width * 2
+        )
+        bar_count = complete_halves // 2
+        half_bar_count = complete_halves % 2
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        is_finished = self.total is None or self.completed >= self.total
+        complete_style = console.get_style(
+            self.finished_style if is_finished else self.complete_style
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(bar * bar_count, complete_style)
+        if half_bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(half_bar_right * half_bar_count, complete_style)
+
+        if not console.no_color:
+            remaining_bars = width - bar_count - half_bar_count
+            if remaining_bars and console.color_system is not None:
+                if not half_bar_count and bar_count:
+                    yield _Segment(half_bar_left, style)
+                    remaining_bars -= 1
+                if remaining_bars:
+                    yield _Segment(bar * remaining_bars, style)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console()
+    bar = ProgressBar(width=50, total=100)
+
+    import time
+
+    console.show_cursor(False)
+    for n in range(0, 101, 1):
+        bar.update(n)
+        console.print(bar)
+        console.file.write("\r")
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+    console.show_cursor(True)
+    console.print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ff048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+from typing import Any, Generic, List, Optional, TextIO, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+PromptType = TypeVar("PromptType")
+DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")
+
+
+class PromptError(Exception):
+    """Exception base class for prompt related errors."""
+
+
+class InvalidResponse(PromptError):
+    """Exception to indicate a response was invalid. Raise this within process_response() to indicate an error
+    and provide an error message.
+
+    Args:
+        message (Union[str, Text]): Error message.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: TextType) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> TextType:
+        return self.message
+
+
+class PromptBase(Generic[PromptType]):
+    """Ask the user for input until a valid response is received. This is the base class, see one of
+    the concrete classes for examples.
+
+    Args:
+        prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+        console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+        choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+        show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+        show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    response_type: type = str
+
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid value"
+    illegal_choice_message = (
+        "[prompt.invalid.choice]Please select one of the available options"
+    )
+    prompt_suffix = ": "
+
+    choices: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.prompt = (
+            Text.from_markup(prompt, style="prompt")
+            if isinstance(prompt, str)
+            else prompt
+        )
+        self.password = password
+        if choices is not None:
+            self.choices = choices
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: DefaultType,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Union[DefaultType, PromptType]:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: Any = ...,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Shortcut to construct and run a prompt loop and return the result.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> filename = Prompt.ask("Enter a filename")
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+            console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+            password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+            choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+            show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            stream (TextIO, optional): Optional text file open for reading to get input. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        _prompt = cls(
+            prompt,
+            console=console,
+            password=password,
+            choices=choices,
+            show_default=show_default,
+            show_choices=show_choices,
+        )
+        return _prompt(default=default, stream=stream)
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Turn the supplied default in to a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text containing rendering of default value.
+        """
+        return Text(f"({default})", "prompt.default")
+
+    def make_prompt(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Make prompt text.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text to display in prompt.
+        """
+        prompt = self.prompt.copy()
+        prompt.end = ""
+
+        if self.show_choices and self.choices:
+            _choices = "/".join(self.choices)
+            choices = f"[{_choices}]"
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            prompt.append(choices, "prompt.choices")
+
+        if (
+            default != ...
+            and self.show_default
+            and isinstance(default, (str, self.response_type))
+        ):
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            _default = self.render_default(default)
+            prompt.append(_default)
+
+        prompt.append(self.prompt_suffix)
+
+        return prompt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_input(
+        cls,
+        console: Console,
+        prompt: TextType,
+        password: bool,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get input from user.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            prompt (TextType): Prompt text.
+            password (bool): Enable password entry.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String from user.
+        """
+        return console.input(prompt, password=password, stream=stream)
+
+    def check_choice(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Check value is in the list of valid choices.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): Value entered by user.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if choice was valid, otherwise False.
+        """
+        assert self.choices is not None
+        return value.strip() in self.choices
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> PromptType:
+        """Process response from user, convert to prompt type.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String typed by user.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidResponse: If ``value`` is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: The value to be returned from ask method.
+        """
+        value = value.strip()
+        try:
+            return_value: PromptType = self.response_type(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+
+        if self.choices is not None and not self.check_choice(value):
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.illegal_choice_message)
+
+        return return_value
+
+    def on_validate_error(self, value: str, error: InvalidResponse) -> None:
+        """Called to handle validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String entered by user.
+            error (InvalidResponse): Exception instance the initiated the error.
+        """
+        self.console.print(error)
+
+    def pre_prompt(self) -> None:
+        """Hook to display something before the prompt."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, *, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, *, default: DefaultType, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None
+    ) -> Union[PromptType, DefaultType]:
+        ...
+
+    def __call__(self, *, default: Any = ..., stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> Any:
+        """Run the prompt loop.
+
+        Args:
+            default (Any, optional): Optional default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: Processed value.
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.pre_prompt()
+            prompt = self.make_prompt(default)
+            value = self.get_input(self.console, prompt, self.password, stream=stream)
+            if value == "" and default != ...:
+                return default
+            try:
+                return_value = self.process_response(value)
+            except InvalidResponse as error:
+                self.on_validate_error(value, error)
+                continue
+            else:
+                return return_value
+
+
+class Prompt(PromptBase[str]):
+    """A prompt that returns a str.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> name = Prompt.ask("Enter your name")
+
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = str
+
+
+class IntPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
+    """A prompt that returns an integer.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> burrito_count = IntPrompt.ask("How many burritos do you want to order")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = int
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid integer number"
+
+
+class FloatPrompt(PromptBase[float]):
+    """A prompt that returns a float.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> temperature = FloatPrompt.ask("Enter desired temperature")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = float
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a number"
+
+
+class Confirm(PromptBase[bool]):
+    """A yes / no confirmation prompt.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> if Confirm.ask("Continue"):
+                run_job()
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = bool
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter Y or N"
+    choices: List[str] = ["y", "n"]
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Render the default as (y) or (n) rather than True/False."""
+        yes, no = self.choices
+        return Text(f"({yes})" if default else f"({no})", style="prompt.default")
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Convert choices to a bool."""
+        value = value.strip().lower()
+        if value not in self.choices:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+        return value == self.choices[0]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    if Confirm.ask("Run [i]prompt[/i] tests?", default=True):
+        while True:
+            result = IntPrompt.ask(
+                ":rocket: Enter a number between [b]1[/b] and [b]10[/b]", default=5
+            )
+            if result >= 1 and result <= 10:
+                break
+            print(":pile_of_poo: [prompt.invalid]Number must be between 1 and 10")
+        print(f"number={result}")
+
+        while True:
+            password = Prompt.ask(
+                "Please enter a password [cyan](must be at least 5 characters)",
+                password=True,
+            )
+            if len(password) >= 5:
+                break
+            print("[prompt.invalid]password too short")
+        print(f"password={password!r}")
+
+        fruit = Prompt.ask("Enter a fruit", choices=["apple", "orange", "pear"])
+        print(f"fruit={fruit!r}")
+
+    else:
+        print("[b]OK :loudly_crying_face:")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12ab237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import Any, cast, Set, TYPE_CHECKING
+from inspect import isclass
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+_GIBBERISH = """aihwerij235234ljsdnp34ksodfipwoe234234jlskjdf"""
+
+
+def is_renderable(check_object: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be rendered by Rich."""
+    return (
+        isinstance(check_object, str)
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich__")
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich_console__")
+    )
+
+
+def rich_cast(renderable: object) -> "RenderableType":
+    """Cast an object to a renderable by calling __rich__ if present.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (object): A potentially renderable object
+
+    Returns:
+        object: The result of recursively calling __rich__.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+    rich_visited_set: Set[type] = set()  # Prevent potential infinite loop
+    while hasattr(renderable, "__rich__") and not isclass(renderable):
+        # Detect object which claim to have all the attributes
+        if hasattr(renderable, _GIBBERISH):
+            return repr(renderable)
+        cast_method = getattr(renderable, "__rich__")
+        renderable = cast_method()
+        renderable_type = type(renderable)
+        if renderable_type in rich_visited_set:
+            break
+        rich_visited_set.add(renderable_type)
+
+    return cast(RenderableType, renderable)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b3631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Region(NamedTuple):
+    """Defines a rectangular region of the screen."""
+
+    x: int
+    y: int
+    width: int
+    height: int
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10efc42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import inspect
+from functools import partial
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+Result = Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[Any], Tuple[str, Any], Tuple[str, Any, Any]]]
+RichReprResult = Result
+
+
+class ReprError(Exception):
+    """An error occurred when attempting to build a repr."""
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def auto(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: Optional[bool] = None
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    """Class decorator to create __repr__ from __rich_repr__"""
+
+    def do_replace(cls: Type[T], angular: Optional[bool] = None) -> Type[T]:
+        def auto_repr(self: T) -> str:
+            """Create repr string from __rich_repr__"""
+            repr_str: List[str] = []
+            append = repr_str.append
+
+            angular: bool = getattr(self.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            for arg in self.__rich_repr__():  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 1:
+                        append(repr(arg[0]))
+                    else:
+                        key, value, *default = arg
+                        if key is None:
+                            append(repr(value))
+                        else:
+                            if default and default[0] == value:
+                                continue
+                            append(f"{key}={value!r}")
+                else:
+                    append(repr(arg))
+            if angular:
+                return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {' '.join(repr_str)}>"
+            else:
+                return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(repr_str)})"
+
+        def auto_rich_repr(self: Type[T]) -> Result:
+            """Auto generate __rich_rep__ from signature of __init__"""
+            try:
+                signature = inspect.signature(self.__init__)
+                for name, param in signature.parameters.items():
+                    if param.kind == param.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                        yield getattr(self, name)
+                    elif param.kind in (
+                        param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+                        param.KEYWORD_ONLY,
+                    ):
+                        if param.default is param.empty:
+                            yield getattr(self, param.name)
+                        else:
+                            yield param.name, getattr(self, param.name), param.default
+            except Exception as error:
+                raise ReprError(
+                    f"Failed to auto generate __rich_repr__; {error}"
+                ) from None
+
+        if not hasattr(cls, "__rich_repr__"):
+            auto_rich_repr.__doc__ = "Build a rich repr"
+            cls.__rich_repr__ = auto_rich_repr  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        auto_repr.__doc__ = "Return repr(self)"
+        cls.__repr__ = auto_repr  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if angular is not None:
+            cls.__rich_repr__.angular = angular  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return cls
+
+    if cls is None:
+        return partial(do_replace, angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return do_replace(cls, angular=angular)
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def rich_repr(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: bool = False
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    if cls is None:
+        return auto(angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return auto(cls)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    @auto
+    class Foo:
+        def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+            yield "foo"
+            yield "bar", {"shopping": ["eggs", "ham", "pineapple"]}
+            yield "buy", "hand sanitizer"
+
+    foo = Foo()
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("Standard repr")
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
+
+    console.rule("Angular repr")
+    Foo.__rich_repr__.angular = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd00ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class Rule(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a horizontal rule (line).
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): Text to render in the rule. Defaults to "".
+        characters (str, optional): Character(s) used to draw the line. Defaults to "─".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of Rule. Defaults to "rule.line".
+        end (str, optional): Character at end of Rule. defaults to "\\\\n"
+        align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        title: Union[str, Text] = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        if cell_len(characters) < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "'characters' argument must have a cell width of at least 1"
+            )
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        self.title = title
+        self.characters = characters
+        self.style = style
+        self.end = end
+        self.align = align
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Rule({self.title!r}, {self.characters!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+
+        characters = (
+            "-"
+            if (options.ascii_only and not self.characters.isascii())
+            else self.characters
+        )
+
+        chars_len = cell_len(characters)
+        if not self.title:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(self.title, Text):
+            title_text = self.title
+        else:
+            title_text = console.render_str(self.title, style="rule.text")
+
+        title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+        title_text.expand_tabs()
+
+        required_space = 4 if self.align == "center" else 2
+        truncate_width = max(0, width - required_space)
+        if not truncate_width:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        rule_text = Text(end=self.end)
+        if self.align == "center":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            side_width = (width - cell_len(title_text.plain)) // 2
+            left = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            left.truncate(side_width - 1)
+            right_length = width - cell_len(left.plain) - cell_len(title_text.plain)
+            right = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            right.truncate(right_length)
+            rule_text.append(left.plain + " ", self.style)
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" " + right.plain, self.style)
+        elif self.align == "left":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - rule_text.cell_len), self.style)
+        elif self.align == "right":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - title_text.cell_len - 1), self.style)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        yield rule_text
+
+    def _rule_line(self, chars_len: int, width: int) -> Text:
+        rule_text = Text(self.characters * ((width // chars_len) + 1), self.style)
+        rule_text.truncate(width)
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        return rule_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    try:
+        text = sys.argv[1]
+    except IndexError:
+        text = "Hello, World"
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule(title=text))
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule("foo"), width=4)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d134c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+
+def render_scope(
+    scope: "Mapping[str, Any]",
+    *,
+    title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = True,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+    """Render python variables in a given scope.
+
+    Args:
+        scope (Mapping): A mapping containing variable names and values.
+        title (str, optional): Optional title. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Enable sorting of items. Defaults to True.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        ConsoleRenderable: A renderable object.
+    """
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+    items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+
+    def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """Sort special variables first, then alphabetically."""
+        key, _ = item
+        return (not key.startswith("__"), key.lower())
+
+    items = sorted(scope.items(), key=sort_items) if sort_keys else scope.items()
+    for key, value in items:
+        key_text = Text.assemble(
+            (key, "scope.key.special" if key.startswith("__") else "scope.key"),
+            (" =", "scope.equals"),
+        )
+        items_table.add_row(
+            key_text,
+            Pretty(
+                value,
+                highlighter=highlighter,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+            ),
+        )
+    return Panel.fit(
+        items_table,
+        title=title,
+        border_style="scope.border",
+        padding=(0, 1),
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print()
+
+    def test(foo: float, bar: float) -> None:
+        list_of_things = [1, 2, 3, None, 4, True, False, "Hello World"]
+        dict_of_things = {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        }
+        print(render_scope(locals(), title="[i]locals", sort_keys=False))
+
+    test(20.3423, 3.1427)
+    print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f416e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+        Group,
+    )
+
+
+class Screen:
+    """A renderable that fills the terminal screen and crops excess.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Child renderable.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Optional background style. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *renderables: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        application_mode: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+
+        self.renderable = Group(*renderables)
+        self.style = style
+        self.application_mode = application_mode
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        width, height = options.size
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style else None
+        render_options = options.update(width=width, height=height)
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable or "", render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height, style=style)
+        new_line = Segment("\n\r") if self.application_mode else Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93edbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import filterfalse
+from logging import getLogger
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from .cells import (
+    _is_single_cell_widths,
+    cached_cell_len,
+    cell_len,
+    get_character_cell_size,
+    set_cell_size,
+)
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .style import Style
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+log = getLogger("rich")
+
+
+class ControlType(IntEnum):
+    """Non-printable control codes which typically translate to ANSI codes."""
+
+    BELL = 1
+    CARRIAGE_RETURN = 2
+    HOME = 3
+    CLEAR = 4
+    SHOW_CURSOR = 5
+    HIDE_CURSOR = 6
+    ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 7
+    DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 8
+    CURSOR_UP = 9
+    CURSOR_DOWN = 10
+    CURSOR_FORWARD = 11
+    CURSOR_BACKWARD = 12
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN = 13
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO = 14
+    ERASE_IN_LINE = 15
+    SET_WINDOW_TITLE = 16
+
+
+ControlCode = Union[
+    Tuple[ControlType],
+    Tuple[ControlType, Union[int, str]],
+    Tuple[ControlType, int, int],
+]
+
+
+@rich_repr()
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    """A piece of text with associated style. Segments are produced by the Console render process and
+    are ultimately converted in to strings to be written to the terminal.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A piece of text.
+        style (:class:`~rich.style.Style`, optional): An optional style to apply to the text.
+        control (Tuple[ControlCode], optional): Optional sequence of control codes.
+
+    Attributes:
+        cell_length (int): The cell length of this Segment.
+    """
+
+    text: str
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    control: Optional[Sequence[ControlCode]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def cell_length(self) -> int:
+        """The number of terminal cells required to display self.text.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: A number of cells.
+        """
+        text, _style, control = self
+        return 0 if control else cell_len(text)
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.text
+        if self.control is None:
+            if self.style is not None:
+                yield self.style
+        else:
+            yield self.style
+            yield self.control
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains text."""
+        return bool(self.text)
+
+    @property
+    def is_control(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains control codes."""
+        return self.control is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(1024 * 16)
+    def _split_cells(cls, segment: "Segment", cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+        text, style, control = segment
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        cell_length = segment.cell_length
+        if cut >= cell_length:
+            return segment, _Segment("", style, control)
+
+        cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+
+        pos = int((cut / cell_length) * (len(text) - 1))
+
+        before = text[:pos]
+        cell_pos = cell_len(before)
+        if cell_pos == cut:
+            return (
+                _Segment(before, style, control),
+                _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+            )
+        while pos < len(text):
+            char = text[pos]
+            pos += 1
+            cell_pos += cell_size(char)
+            before = text[:pos]
+            if cell_pos == cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before, style, control),
+                    _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+            if cell_pos > cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before[: pos - 1] + " ", style, control),
+                    _Segment(" " + text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+
+        raise AssertionError("Will never reach here")
+
+    def split_cells(self, cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+        """Split segment in to two segments at the specified column.
+
+        If the cut point falls in the middle of a 2-cell wide character then it is replaced
+        by two spaces, to preserve the display width of the parent segment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[Segment, Segment]: Two segments.
+        """
+        text, style, control = self
+
+        if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+            # Fast path with all 1 cell characters
+            if cut >= len(text):
+                return self, Segment("", style, control)
+            return (
+                Segment(text[:cut], style, control),
+                Segment(text[cut:], style, control),
+            )
+
+        return self._split_cells(self, cut)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def line(cls) -> "Segment":
+        """Make a new line segment."""
+        return cls("\n")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def apply_style(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        post_style: Optional[Style] = None,
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Apply style(s) to an iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns an iterable of segments where the style is replaced by ``style + segment.style + post_style``.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments to process.
+            style (Style, optional): Base style. Defaults to None.
+            post_style (Style, optional): Style to apply on top of segment style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segments]: A new iterable of segments (possibly the same iterable).
+        """
+        result_segments = segments
+        if style:
+            apply = style.__add__
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(text, None if control else apply(_style), control)
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        if post_style:
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(
+                    text,
+                    (
+                        None
+                        if control
+                        else (_style + post_style if _style else post_style)
+                    ),
+                    control,
+                )
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        return result_segments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def filter_control(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], is_control: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Filter segments by ``is_control`` attribute.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of Segment instances.
+            is_control (bool, optional): is_control flag to match in search.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: And iterable of Segment instances.
+
+        """
+        if is_control:
+            return filter(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+        else:
+            return filterfalse(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_lines(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split a sequence of segments in to a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments potentially containing line feeds.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: Iterable of segment lists, one per line.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        yield line
+                        line = []
+                        append = line.append
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_and_crop_lines(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        include_new_lines: bool = True,
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split segments in to lines, and crop lines greater than a given length.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments, probably
+                generated from console.render.
+            length (int): Desired line length.
+            style (Style, optional): Style to use for any padding.
+            pad (bool): Enable padding of lines that are less than `length`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: An iterable of lines of segments.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        new_line_segment = cls("\n")
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, segment_style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        cropped_line = adjust_line_length(
+                            line, length, style=style, pad=pad
+                        )
+                        if include_new_lines:
+                            cropped_line.append(new_line_segment)
+                        yield cropped_line
+                        line.clear()
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield adjust_line_length(line, length, style=style, pad=pad)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def adjust_line_length(
+        cls,
+        line: List["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+    ) -> List["Segment"]:
+        """Adjust a line to a given width (cropping or padding as required).
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): A list of segments in a single line.
+            length (int): The desired width of the line.
+            style (Style, optional): The style of padding if used (space on the end). Defaults to None.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines with spaces if they are shorter than `length`. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A line of segments with the desired length.
+        """
+        line_length = sum(segment.cell_length for segment in line)
+        new_line: List[Segment]
+
+        if line_length < length:
+            if pad:
+                new_line = line + [cls(" " * (length - line_length), style)]
+            else:
+                new_line = line[:]
+        elif line_length > length:
+            new_line = []
+            append = new_line.append
+            line_length = 0
+            for segment in line:
+                segment_length = segment.cell_length
+                if line_length + segment_length < length or segment.control:
+                    append(segment)
+                    line_length += segment_length
+                else:
+                    text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                    text = set_cell_size(text, length - line_length)
+                    append(cls(text, segment_style))
+                    break
+        else:
+            new_line = line[:]
+        return new_line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_line_length(cls, line: List["Segment"]) -> int:
+        """Get the length of list of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            line (List[Segment]): A line encoded as a list of Segments (assumes no '\\\\n' characters),
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The length of the line.
+        """
+        _cell_len = cell_len
+        return sum(_cell_len(text) for text, style, control in line if not control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_shape(cls, lines: List[List["Segment"]]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Get the shape (enclosing rectangle) of a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines (no '\\\\n' characters).
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[int, int]: Width and height in characters.
+        """
+        get_line_length = cls.get_line_length
+        max_width = max(get_line_length(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        return (max_width, len(lines))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def set_shape(
+        cls,
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Set the shape of a list of lines (enclosing rectangle).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style, optional): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        _height = height or len(lines)
+
+        blank = (
+            [cls(" " * width + "\n", style)] if new_lines else [cls(" " * width, style)]
+        )
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        shaped_lines = lines[:_height]
+        shaped_lines[:] = [
+            adjust_line_length(line, width, style=style) for line in lines
+        ]
+        if len(shaped_lines) < _height:
+            shaped_lines.extend([blank] * (_height - len(shaped_lines)))
+        return shaped_lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_top(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to top (adds extra lines to bottom as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = lines + [[blank]] * extra_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_bottom(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns render to bottom (adds extra lines above as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added. Defaults to None.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = [[blank]] * extra_lines + lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_middle(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to middle (adds extra lines to above and below as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        top_lines = extra_lines // 2
+        bottom_lines = extra_lines - top_lines
+        lines = [[blank]] * top_lines + lines + [[blank]] * bottom_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simplify(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Simplify an iterable of segments by combining contiguous segments with the same style.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: A possibly smaller iterable of segments that will render the same way.
+        """
+        iter_segments = iter(segments)
+        try:
+            last_segment = next(iter_segments)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        for segment in iter_segments:
+            if last_segment.style == segment.style and not segment.control:
+                last_segment = _Segment(
+                    last_segment.text + segment.text, last_segment.style
+                )
+            else:
+                yield last_segment
+                last_segment = segment
+        yield last_segment
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_links(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all links from an iterable of styles.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with link removed.
+        """
+        for segment in segments:
+            if segment.control or segment.style is None:
+                yield segment
+            else:
+                text, style, _control = segment
+                yield cls(text, style.update_link(None) if style else None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_styles(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all styles from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with styles replace with None
+        """
+        for text, _style, control in segments:
+            yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def remove_color(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all color from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with colorless style.
+        """
+
+        cache: Dict[Style, Style] = {}
+        for text, style, control in segments:
+            if style:
+                colorless_style = cache.get(style)
+                if colorless_style is None:
+                    colorless_style = style.without_color
+                    cache[style] = colorless_style
+                yield cls(text, colorless_style, control)
+            else:
+                yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def divide(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], cuts: Iterable[int]
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Divides an iterable of segments in to portions.
+
+        Args:
+            cuts (Iterable[int]): Cell positions where to divide.
+
+        Yields:
+            [Iterable[List[Segment]]]: An iterable of Segments in List.
+        """
+        split_segments: List["Segment"] = []
+        add_segment = split_segments.append
+
+        iter_cuts = iter(cuts)
+
+        while True:
+            cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+            if cut == -1:
+                return []
+            if cut != 0:
+                break
+            yield []
+        pos = 0
+
+        segments_clear = split_segments.clear
+        segments_copy = split_segments.copy
+
+        _cell_len = cached_cell_len
+        for segment in segments:
+            text, _style, control = segment
+            while text:
+                end_pos = pos if control else pos + _cell_len(text)
+                if end_pos < cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    pos = end_pos
+                    break
+
+                if end_pos == cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = end_pos
+
+                    cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                    if cut == -1:
+                        if split_segments:
+                            yield segments_copy()
+                        return
+
+                    break
+
+                else:
+                    before, segment = segment.split_cells(cut - pos)
+                    text, _style, control = segment
+                    add_segment(before)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = cut
+
+                cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                if cut == -1:
+                    if split_segments:
+                        yield segments_copy()
+                    return
+
+        yield segments_copy()
+
+
+class Segments:
+    """A simple renderable to render an iterable of segments. This class may be useful if
+    you want to print segments outside of a __rich_console__ method.
+
+    Args:
+        segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+        new_lines (bool, optional): Add new lines between segments. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, segments: Iterable[Segment], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        self.segments = list(segments)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            line = Segment.line()
+            for segment in self.segments:
+                yield segment
+                yield line
+        else:
+            yield from self.segments
+
+
+class SegmentLines:
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable[List[Segment]], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        """A simple renderable containing a number of lines of segments. May be used as an intermediate
+        in rendering process.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[List[Segment]]): Lists of segments forming lines.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Insert new lines after each line. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        self.lines = list(lines)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    code = """from rich.console import Console
+console = Console()
+text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+console.print(text)"""
+
+    text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("rich.Segment")
+    console.print(
+        "A Segment is the last step in the Rich render process before generating text with ANSI codes."
+    )
+    console.print("\nConsider the following code:\n")
+    console.print(Syntax(code, "python", line_numbers=True))
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "When you call [b]print()[/b], Rich [i]renders[/i] the object in to the following:\n"
+    )
+    fragments = list(console.render(text))
+    console.print(fragments)
+    console.print()
+    console.print("The Segments are then processed to produce the following output:\n")
+    console.print(text)
+    console.print(
+        "\nYou will only need to know this if you are implementing your own Rich renderables."
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ea630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._spinners import SPINNERS
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+    from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Spinner:
+    """A spinner animation.
+
+    Args:
+        name (str): Name of spinner (run python -m rich.spinner).
+        text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+
+    Raises:
+        KeyError: If name isn't one of the supported spinner animations.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            spinner = SPINNERS[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(f"no spinner called {name!r}")
+        self.text: "Union[RenderableType, Text]" = (
+            Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        )
+        self.frames = cast(List[str], spinner["frames"])[:]
+        self.interval = cast(float, spinner["interval"])
+        self.start_time: Optional[float] = None
+        self.style = style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self.frame_no_offset: float = 0.0
+        self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield self.render(console.get_time())
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.render(0)
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, text)
+
+    def render(self, time: float) -> "RenderableType":
+        """Render the spinner for a given time.
+
+        Args:
+            time (float): Time in seconds.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: A renderable containing animation frame.
+        """
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            self.start_time = time
+
+        frame_no = ((time - self.start_time) * self.speed) / (
+            self.interval / 1000.0
+        ) + self.frame_no_offset
+        frame = Text(
+            self.frames[int(frame_no) % len(self.frames)], style=self.style or ""
+        )
+
+        if self._update_speed:
+            self.frame_no_offset = frame_no
+            self.start_time = time
+            self.speed = self._update_speed
+            self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+        if not self.text:
+            return frame
+        elif isinstance(self.text, (str, Text)):
+            return Text.assemble(frame, " ", self.text)
+        else:
+            table = Table.grid(padding=1)
+            table.add_row(frame, self.text)
+            return table
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Updates attributes of a spinner after it has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if text:
+            self.text = Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        if style:
+            self.style = style
+        if speed:
+            self._update_speed = speed
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .columns import Columns
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .live import Live
+
+    all_spinners = Columns(
+        [
+            Spinner(spinner_name, text=Text(repr(spinner_name), style="green"))
+            for spinner_name in sorted(SPINNERS.keys())
+        ],
+        column_first=True,
+        expand=True,
+    )
+
+    with Live(
+        Panel(all_spinners, title="Spinners", border_style="blue"),
+        refresh_per_second=20,
+    ) as live:
+        while True:
+            sleep(0.1)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6574483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .console import Console, RenderableType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Status(JupyterMixin):
+    """Displays a status indicator with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance to use, or None for global console. Defaults to None.
+        spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+        spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ):
+        self.status = status
+        self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self._spinner = Spinner(spinner, text=status, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+        self._live = Live(
+            self.renderable,
+            console=console,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=True,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> Spinner:
+        return self._spinner
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> "Console":
+        """Get the Console used by the Status objects."""
+        return self._live.console
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        status: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        spinner: Optional[str] = None,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update status.
+
+        Args:
+            status (Optional[RenderableType], optional): New status renderable or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner (Optional[str], optional): New spinner or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): New spinner style or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            speed (Optional[float], optional): Speed factor for spinner animation or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if status is not None:
+            self.status = status
+        if spinner_style is not None:
+            self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        if speed is not None:
+            self.speed = speed
+        if spinner is not None:
+            self._spinner = Spinner(
+                spinner, text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+            self._live.update(self.renderable, refresh=True)
+        else:
+            self._spinner.update(
+                text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the status animation."""
+        self._live.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the spinner animation."""
+        self._live.stop()
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Status":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.status("[magenta]Covid detector booting up") as status:
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Importing advanced AI")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Advanced Covid AI Ready")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(status="[bold blue] Scanning for Covid", spinner="earth")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Found 10,000,000,000 copies of Covid32.exe")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(
+            status="[bold red]Moving Covid32.exe to Trash",
+            spinner="bouncingBall",
+            spinner_style="yellow",
+        )
+        sleep(5)
+    console.print("[bold green]Covid deleted successfully")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..313c889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from marshal import dumps, loads
+from random import randint
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union, cast
+
+from . import errors
+from .color import Color, ColorParseError, ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, TerminalTheme
+
+# Style instances and style definitions are often interchangeable
+StyleType = Union[str, "Style"]
+
+
+class _Bit:
+    """A descriptor to get/set a style attribute bit."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["bit"]
+
+    def __init__(self, bit_no: int) -> None:
+        self.bit = 1 << bit_no
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: "Style", objtype: Type["Style"]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        if obj._set_attributes & self.bit:
+            return obj._attributes & self.bit != 0
+        return None
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Style:
+    """A terminal style.
+
+    A terminal style consists of a color (`color`), a background color (`bgcolor`), and a number of attributes, such
+    as bold, italic etc. The attributes have 3 states: they can either be on
+    (``True``), off (``False``), or not set (``None``).
+
+    Args:
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal text. Defaults to None.
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal background. Defaults to None.
+        bold (bool, optional): Enable bold text. Defaults to None.
+        dim (bool, optional): Enable dim text. Defaults to None.
+        italic (bool, optional): Enable italic text. Defaults to None.
+        underline (bool, optional): Enable underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        blink (bool, optional): Enabled blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        blink2 (bool, optional): Enable fast blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        reverse (bool, optional): Enabled reverse text. Defaults to None.
+        conceal (bool, optional): Enable concealed text. Defaults to None.
+        strike (bool, optional): Enable strikethrough text. Defaults to None.
+        underline2 (bool, optional): Enable doubly underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        frame (bool, optional): Enable framed text. Defaults to None.
+        encircle (bool, optional): Enable encircled text. Defaults to None.
+        overline (bool, optional): Enable overlined text. Defaults to None.
+        link (str, link): Link URL. Defaults to None.
+
+    """
+
+    _color: Optional[Color]
+    _bgcolor: Optional[Color]
+    _attributes: int
+    _set_attributes: int
+    _hash: Optional[int]
+    _null: bool
+    _meta: Optional[bytes]
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_color",
+        "_bgcolor",
+        "_attributes",
+        "_set_attributes",
+        "_link",
+        "_link_id",
+        "_ansi",
+        "_style_definition",
+        "_hash",
+        "_null",
+        "_meta",
+    ]
+
+    # maps bits on to SGR parameter
+    _style_map = {
+        0: "1",
+        1: "2",
+        2: "3",
+        3: "4",
+        4: "5",
+        5: "6",
+        6: "7",
+        7: "8",
+        8: "9",
+        9: "21",
+        10: "51",
+        11: "52",
+        12: "53",
+    }
+
+    STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = {
+        "dim": "dim",
+        "d": "dim",
+        "bold": "bold",
+        "b": "bold",
+        "italic": "italic",
+        "i": "italic",
+        "underline": "underline",
+        "u": "underline",
+        "blink": "blink",
+        "blink2": "blink2",
+        "reverse": "reverse",
+        "r": "reverse",
+        "conceal": "conceal",
+        "c": "conceal",
+        "strike": "strike",
+        "s": "strike",
+        "underline2": "underline2",
+        "uu": "underline2",
+        "frame": "frame",
+        "encircle": "encircle",
+        "overline": "overline",
+        "o": "overline",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bgcolor: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bold: Optional[bool] = None,
+        dim: Optional[bool] = None,
+        italic: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        reverse: Optional[bool] = None,
+        conceal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        strike: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        frame: Optional[bool] = None,
+        encircle: Optional[bool] = None,
+        overline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self._ansi: Optional[str] = None
+        self._style_definition: Optional[str] = None
+
+        def _make_color(color: Union[Color, str]) -> Color:
+            return color if isinstance(color, Color) else Color.parse(color)
+
+        self._color = None if color is None else _make_color(color)
+        self._bgcolor = None if bgcolor is None else _make_color(bgcolor)
+        self._set_attributes = sum(
+            (
+                bold is not None,
+                dim is not None and 2,
+                italic is not None and 4,
+                underline is not None and 8,
+                blink is not None and 16,
+                blink2 is not None and 32,
+                reverse is not None and 64,
+                conceal is not None and 128,
+                strike is not None and 256,
+                underline2 is not None and 512,
+                frame is not None and 1024,
+                encircle is not None and 2048,
+                overline is not None and 4096,
+            )
+        )
+        self._attributes = (
+            sum(
+                (
+                    bold and 1 or 0,
+                    dim and 2 or 0,
+                    italic and 4 or 0,
+                    underline and 8 or 0,
+                    blink and 16 or 0,
+                    blink2 and 32 or 0,
+                    reverse and 64 or 0,
+                    conceal and 128 or 0,
+                    strike and 256 or 0,
+                    underline2 and 512 or 0,
+                    frame and 1024 or 0,
+                    encircle and 2048 or 0,
+                    overline and 4096 or 0,
+                )
+            )
+            if self._set_attributes
+            else 0
+        )
+
+        self._link = link
+        self._meta = None if meta is None else dumps(meta)
+        self._link_id = (
+            f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(self._meta)}" if (link or meta) else ""
+        )
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._null = not (self._set_attributes or color or bgcolor or link or meta)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def null(cls) -> "Style":
+        """Create an 'null' style, equivalent to Style(), but more performant."""
+        return NULL_STYLE
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_color(
+        cls, color: Optional[Color] = None, bgcolor: Optional[Color] = None
+    ) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with colors and no attributes.
+
+        Returns:
+            color (Optional[Color]): A (foreground) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+            bgcolor (Optional[Color]): A (background) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = color
+        style._bgcolor = bgcolor
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._meta = None
+        style._null = not (color or bgcolor)
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_meta(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with meta data.
+
+        Returns:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): A dictionary of meta data. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._meta = dumps(meta)
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(style._meta)}"
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = not (meta)
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def on(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Style":
+        """Create a blank style with meta information.
+
+        Example:
+            style = Style.on(click=self.on_click)
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): An optional dict of meta information.
+            **handlers (Any): Keyword arguments are translated in to handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style with meta information attached.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        return cls.from_meta(meta)
+
+    bold = _Bit(0)
+    dim = _Bit(1)
+    italic = _Bit(2)
+    underline = _Bit(3)
+    blink = _Bit(4)
+    blink2 = _Bit(5)
+    reverse = _Bit(6)
+    conceal = _Bit(7)
+    strike = _Bit(8)
+    underline2 = _Bit(9)
+    frame = _Bit(10)
+    encircle = _Bit(11)
+    overline = _Bit(12)
+
+    @property
+    def link_id(self) -> str:
+        """Get a link id, used in ansi code for links."""
+        return self._link_id
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Re-generate style definition from attributes."""
+        if self._style_definition is None:
+            attributes: List[str] = []
+            append = attributes.append
+            bits = self._set_attributes
+            if bits & 0b0000000001111:
+                if bits & 1:
+                    append("bold" if self.bold else "not bold")
+                if bits & (1 << 1):
+                    append("dim" if self.dim else "not dim")
+                if bits & (1 << 2):
+                    append("italic" if self.italic else "not italic")
+                if bits & (1 << 3):
+                    append("underline" if self.underline else "not underline")
+            if bits & 0b0000111110000:
+                if bits & (1 << 4):
+                    append("blink" if self.blink else "not blink")
+                if bits & (1 << 5):
+                    append("blink2" if self.blink2 else "not blink2")
+                if bits & (1 << 6):
+                    append("reverse" if self.reverse else "not reverse")
+                if bits & (1 << 7):
+                    append("conceal" if self.conceal else "not conceal")
+                if bits & (1 << 8):
+                    append("strike" if self.strike else "not strike")
+            if bits & 0b1111000000000:
+                if bits & (1 << 9):
+                    append("underline2" if self.underline2 else "not underline2")
+                if bits & (1 << 10):
+                    append("frame" if self.frame else "not frame")
+                if bits & (1 << 11):
+                    append("encircle" if self.encircle else "not encircle")
+                if bits & (1 << 12):
+                    append("overline" if self.overline else "not overline")
+            if self._color is not None:
+                append(self._color.name)
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                append("on")
+                append(self._bgcolor.name)
+            if self._link:
+                append("link")
+                append(self._link)
+            self._style_definition = " ".join(attributes) or "none"
+        return self._style_definition
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """A Style is false if it has no attributes, colors, or links."""
+        return not self._null
+
+    def _make_ansi_codes(self, color_system: ColorSystem) -> str:
+        """Generate ANSI codes for this style.
+
+        Args:
+            color_system (ColorSystem): Color system.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing codes.
+        """
+
+        if self._ansi is None:
+            sgr: List[str] = []
+            append = sgr.append
+            _style_map = self._style_map
+            attributes = self._attributes & self._set_attributes
+            if attributes:
+                if attributes & 1:
+                    append(_style_map[0])
+                if attributes & 2:
+                    append(_style_map[1])
+                if attributes & 4:
+                    append(_style_map[2])
+                if attributes & 8:
+                    append(_style_map[3])
+                if attributes & 0b0000111110000:
+                    for bit in range(4, 9):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+                if attributes & 0b1111000000000:
+                    for bit in range(9, 13):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+            if self._color is not None:
+                sgr.extend(self._color.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes())
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                sgr.extend(
+                    self._bgcolor.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes(
+                        foreground=False
+                    )
+                )
+            self._ansi = ";".join(sgr)
+        return self._ansi
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def normalize(cls, style: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize a style definition so that styles with the same effect have the same string
+        representation.
+
+        Args:
+            style (str): A style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Normal form of style definition.
+        """
+        try:
+            return str(cls.parse(style))
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError:
+            return style.strip().lower()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pick_first(cls, *values: Optional[StyleType]) -> StyleType:
+        """Pick first non-None style."""
+        for value in values:
+            if value is not None:
+                return value
+        raise ValueError("expected at least one non-None style")
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "color", self.color, None
+        yield "bgcolor", self.bgcolor, None
+        yield "bold", self.bold, None,
+        yield "dim", self.dim, None,
+        yield "italic", self.italic, None
+        yield "underline", self.underline, None,
+        yield "blink", self.blink, None
+        yield "blink2", self.blink2, None
+        yield "reverse", self.reverse, None
+        yield "conceal", self.conceal, None
+        yield "strike", self.strike, None
+        yield "underline2", self.underline2, None
+        yield "frame", self.frame, None
+        yield "encircle", self.encircle, None
+        yield "link", self.link, None
+        if self._meta:
+            yield "meta", self.meta
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() == other.__hash__()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() != other.__hash__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+        self._hash = hash(
+            (
+                self._color,
+                self._bgcolor,
+                self._attributes,
+                self._set_attributes,
+                self._link,
+                self._meta,
+            )
+        )
+        return self._hash
+
+    @property
+    def color(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The foreground color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._color
+
+    @property
+    def bgcolor(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The background color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._bgcolor
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Link text, if set."""
+        return self._link
+
+    @property
+    def transparent_background(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the style specified a transparent background."""
+        return self.bgcolor is None or self.bgcolor.is_default
+
+    @property
+    def background_style(self) -> "Style":
+        """A Style with background only."""
+        return Style(bgcolor=self.bgcolor)
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get meta information (can not be changed after construction)."""
+        return {} if self._meta is None else cast(Dict[str, Any], loads(self._meta))
+
+    @property
+    def without_color(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of the style with color removed."""
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+    def parse(cls, style_definition: str) -> "Style":
+        """Parse a style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            style_definition (str): A string containing a style.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.StyleSyntaxError: If the style definition syntax is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            `Style`: A Style instance.
+        """
+        if style_definition.strip() == "none" or not style_definition:
+            return cls.null()
+
+        STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = cls.STYLE_ATTRIBUTES
+        color: Optional[str] = None
+        bgcolor: Optional[str] = None
+        attributes: Dict[str, Optional[Any]] = {}
+        link: Optional[str] = None
+
+        words = iter(style_definition.split())
+        for original_word in words:
+            word = original_word.lower()
+            if word == "on":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("color expected after 'on'")
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word) is None
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as background color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                bgcolor = word
+
+            elif word == "not":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                attribute = STYLE_ATTRIBUTES.get(word)
+                if attribute is None:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"expected style attribute after 'not', found {word!r}"
+                    )
+                attributes[attribute] = False
+
+            elif word == "link":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("URL expected after 'link'")
+                link = word
+
+            elif word in STYLE_ATTRIBUTES:
+                attributes[STYLE_ATTRIBUTES[word]] = True
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word)
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                color = word
+        style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor, link=link, **attributes)
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_html_style(self, theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None) -> str:
+        """Get a CSS style rule."""
+        theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        css: List[str] = []
+        append = css.append
+
+        color = self.color
+        bgcolor = self.bgcolor
+        if self.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+        if self.dim:
+            foreground_color = (
+                theme.foreground_color if color is None else color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            )
+            color = Color.from_triplet(
+                blend_rgb(foreground_color, theme.background_color, 0.5)
+            )
+        if color is not None:
+            theme_color = color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            append(f"color: {theme_color.hex}")
+            append(f"text-decoration-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if bgcolor is not None:
+            theme_color = bgcolor.get_truecolor(theme, foreground=False)
+            append(f"background-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if self.bold:
+            append("font-weight: bold")
+        if self.italic:
+            append("font-style: italic")
+        if self.underline:
+            append("text-decoration: underline")
+        if self.strike:
+            append("text-decoration: line-through")
+        if self.overline:
+            append("text-decoration: overline")
+        return "; ".join(css)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def combine(cls, styles: Iterable["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles and get result.
+
+        Args:
+            styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def chain(cls, *styles: "Style") -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles from positional argument in to a single style.
+
+        Args:
+            *styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance with identical attributes.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+    def clear_meta_and_links(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style with link and meta information removed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New style object.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        return style
+
+    def update_link(self, link: Optional[str] = None) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy with a different value for link.
+
+        Args:
+            link (str, optional): New value for link. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance.
+        """
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if link else ""
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[ColorSystem] = ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+        legacy_windows: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the ANSI codes for the style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str, optional): A string to style. Defaults to "".
+            color_system (Optional[ColorSystem], optional): Color system to render to. Defaults to ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string containing ANSI style codes.
+        """
+        if not text or color_system is None:
+            return text
+        attrs = self._ansi or self._make_ansi_codes(color_system)
+        rendered = f"\x1b[{attrs}m{text}\x1b[0m" if attrs else text
+        if self._link and not legacy_windows:
+            rendered = (
+                f"\x1b]8;id={self._link_id};{self._link}\x1b\\{rendered}\x1b]8;;\x1b\\"
+            )
+        return rendered
+
+    def test(self, text: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Write text with style directly to terminal.
+
+        This method is for testing purposes only.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Optional[str], optional): Text to style or None for style name.
+
+        """
+        text = text or str(self)
+        sys.stdout.write(f"{self.render(text)}\n")
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def _add(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        if style is None or style._null:
+            return self
+        if self._null:
+            return style
+        new_style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        new_style._ansi = None
+        new_style._style_definition = None
+        new_style._color = style._color or self._color
+        new_style._bgcolor = style._bgcolor or self._bgcolor
+        new_style._attributes = (self._attributes & ~style._set_attributes) | (
+            style._attributes & style._set_attributes
+        )
+        new_style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes | style._set_attributes
+        new_style._link = style._link or self._link
+        new_style._link_id = style._link_id or self._link_id
+        new_style._null = style._null
+        if self._meta and style._meta:
+            new_style._meta = dumps({**self.meta, **style.meta})
+        else:
+            new_style._meta = self._meta or style._meta
+        new_style._hash = None
+        return new_style
+
+    def __add__(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        combined_style = self._add(style)
+        return combined_style.copy() if combined_style.link else combined_style
+
+
+NULL_STYLE = Style()
+
+
+class StyleStack:
+    """A stack of styles."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_stack"]
+
+    def __init__(self, default_style: "Style") -> None:
+        self._stack: List[Style] = [default_style]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<stylestack {self._stack!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the Style at the top of the stack."""
+        return self._stack[-1]
+
+    def push(self, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Push a new style on to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Style): New style to combine with current style.
+        """
+        self._stack.append(self._stack[-1] + style)
+
+    def pop(self) -> Style:
+        """Pop last style and discard.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New current style (also available as stack.current)
+        """
+        self._stack.pop()
+        return self._stack[-1]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91cd0db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+
+
+class Styled:
+    """Apply a style to a renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable.
+        style (StyleType): A style to apply across the entire renderable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", style: "StyleType") -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        rendered_segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        segments = Segment.apply_style(rendered_segments, style)
+        return segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    panel = Styled(Panel("hello"), "on blue")
+    print(panel)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c26fd87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
@@ -0,0 +1,958 @@
+import os.path
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import Style as PygmentsStyle
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import (
+    Comment,
+    Error,
+    Generic,
+    Keyword,
+    Name,
+    Number,
+    Operator,
+    String,
+    Token,
+    Whitespace,
+)
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.containers import Lines
+from pip._vendor.rich.padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+
+from ._loop import loop_first
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment, Segments
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+TokenType = Tuple[str, ...]
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+DEFAULT_THEME = "monokai"
+
+# The following styles are based on https://github.com/pygments/pygments/blob/master/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
+# A few modifications were made
+
+ANSI_LIGHT: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="white"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+ANSI_DARK: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="bright_black"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="bright_cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="bright_green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES = {"ansi_light": ANSI_LIGHT, "ansi_dark": ANSI_DARK}
+NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING = 2
+
+
+class SyntaxTheme(ABC):
+    """Base class for a syntax theme."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style for a given Pygments token."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the background color."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class PygmentsSyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme that delegates to Pygments theme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Union[str, Type[PygmentsStyle]]) -> None:
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+        if isinstance(theme, str):
+            try:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name(theme)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name("default")
+        else:
+            self._pygments_style_class = theme
+
+        self._background_color = self._pygments_style_class.background_color
+        self._background_style = Style(bgcolor=self._background_color)
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style from a Pygments class."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            try:
+                pygments_style = self._pygments_style_class.style_for_token(token_type)
+            except KeyError:
+                style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                color = pygments_style["color"]
+                bgcolor = pygments_style["bgcolor"]
+                style = Style(
+                    color="#" + color if color else "#000000",
+                    bgcolor="#" + bgcolor if bgcolor else self._background_color,
+                    bold=pygments_style["bold"],
+                    italic=pygments_style["italic"],
+                    underline=pygments_style["underline"],
+                )
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+        return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+class ANSISyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme to use standard colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, style_map: Dict[TokenType, Style]) -> None:
+        self.style_map = style_map
+        self._missing_style = Style.null()
+        self._background_style = Style.null()
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Look up style in the style map."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            # Styles form a hierarchy
+            # We need to go from most to least specific
+            # e.g. ("foo", "bar", "baz") to ("foo", "bar")  to ("foo",)
+            get_style = self.style_map.get
+            token = tuple(token_type)
+            style = self._missing_style
+            while token:
+                _style = get_style(token)
+                if _style is not None:
+                    style = _style
+                    break
+                token = token[:-1]
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+            return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+SyntaxPosition = Tuple[int, int]
+
+
+class _SyntaxHighlightRange(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    A range to highlight in a Syntax object.
+    `start` and `end` are 2-integers tuples, where the first integer is the line number
+    (starting from 1) and the second integer is the column index (starting from 0).
+    """
+
+    style: StyleType
+    start: SyntaxPosition
+    end: SyntaxPosition
+
+
+class Syntax(JupyterMixin):
+    """Construct a Syntax object to render syntax highlighted code.
+
+    Args:
+        code (str): Code to highlight.
+        lexer (Lexer | str): Lexer to use (see https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/)
+        theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "monokai".
+        dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to False.
+        line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+        start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+        line_range (Tuple[int | None, int | None], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            A value of None in the tuple indicates the range is open in that direction.
+        highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+        code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping.
+        background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+    """
+
+    _pygments_style_class: Type[PygmentsStyle]
+    _theme: SyntaxTheme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_theme(cls, name: Union[str, SyntaxTheme]) -> SyntaxTheme:
+        """Get a syntax theme instance."""
+        if isinstance(name, SyntaxTheme):
+            return name
+        theme: SyntaxTheme
+        if name in RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES:
+            theme = ANSISyntaxTheme(RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES[name])
+        else:
+            theme = PygmentsSyntaxTheme(name)
+        return theme
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        lexer: Union[Lexer, str],
+        *,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self._lexer = lexer
+        self.dedent = dedent
+        self.line_numbers = line_numbers
+        self.start_line = start_line
+        self.line_range = line_range
+        self.highlight_lines = highlight_lines or set()
+        self.code_width = code_width
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.background_color = background_color
+        self.background_style = (
+            Style(bgcolor=background_color) if background_color else Style()
+        )
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.padding = padding
+
+        self._theme = self.get_theme(theme)
+        self._stylized_ranges: List[_SyntaxHighlightRange] = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_path(
+        cls,
+        path: str,
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        lexer: Optional[Union[Lexer, str]] = None,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> "Syntax":
+        """Construct a Syntax object from a file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to file to highlight.
+            encoding (str): Encoding of file.
+            lexer (str | Lexer, optional): Lexer to use. If None, lexer will be auto-detected from path/file content.
+            theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "emacs".
+            dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to True.
+            line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+            start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+            line_range (Tuple[int, int], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+            code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of code.
+            background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+
+        Returns:
+            [Syntax]: A Syntax object that may be printed to the console
+        """
+        code = Path(path).read_text(encoding=encoding)
+
+        if not lexer:
+            lexer = cls.guess_lexer(path, code=code)
+
+        return cls(
+            code,
+            lexer,
+            theme=theme,
+            dedent=dedent,
+            line_numbers=line_numbers,
+            line_range=line_range,
+            start_line=start_line,
+            highlight_lines=highlight_lines,
+            code_width=code_width,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            background_color=background_color,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            padding=padding,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def guess_lexer(cls, path: str, code: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        """Guess the alias of the Pygments lexer to use based on a path and an optional string of code.
+        If code is supplied, it will use a combination of the code and the filename to determine the
+        best lexer to use. For example, if the file is ``index.html`` and the file contains Django
+        templating syntax, then "html+django" will be returned. If the file is ``index.html``, and no
+        templating language is used, the "html" lexer will be used. If no string of code
+        is supplied, the lexer will be chosen based on the file extension..
+
+        Args:
+             path (AnyStr): The path to the file containing the code you wish to know the lexer for.
+             code (str, optional): Optional string of code that will be used as a fallback if no lexer
+                is found for the supplied path.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The name of the Pygments lexer that best matches the supplied path/code.
+        """
+        lexer: Optional[Lexer] = None
+        lexer_name = "default"
+        if code:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer_for_filename(path, code)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+                if ext:
+                    extension = ext.lstrip(".").lower()
+                    lexer = get_lexer_by_name(extension)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if lexer:
+            if lexer.aliases:
+                lexer_name = lexer.aliases[0]
+            else:
+                lexer_name = lexer.name
+
+        return lexer_name
+
+    def _get_base_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the base style."""
+        default_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        return default_style
+
+    def _get_token_color(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """Get a color (if any) for the given token.
+
+        Args:
+            token_type (TokenType): A token type tuple from Pygments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Color]: Color from theme, or None for no color.
+        """
+        style = self._theme.get_style_for_token(token_type)
+        return style.color
+
+    @property
+    def lexer(self) -> Optional[Lexer]:
+        """The lexer for this syntax, or None if no lexer was found.
+
+        Tries to find the lexer by name if a string was passed to the constructor.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(self._lexer, Lexer):
+            return self._lexer
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(
+                self._lexer,
+                stripnl=False,
+                ensurenl=True,
+                tabsize=self.tab_size,
+            )
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def default_lexer(self) -> Lexer:
+        """A Pygments Lexer to use if one is not specified or invalid."""
+        return get_lexer_by_name(
+            "text",
+            stripnl=False,
+            ensurenl=True,
+            tabsize=self.tab_size,
+        )
+
+    def highlight(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+    ) -> Text:
+        """Highlight code and return a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): Code to highlight.
+            line_range(Tuple[int, int], optional): Optional line range to highlight.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance containing highlighted syntax.
+        """
+
+        base_style = self._get_base_style()
+        justify: JustifyMethod = (
+            "default" if base_style.transparent_background else "left"
+        )
+
+        text = Text(
+            justify=justify,
+            style=base_style,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+            no_wrap=not self.word_wrap,
+        )
+        _get_theme_style = self._theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        lexer = self.lexer or self.default_lexer
+
+        if lexer is None:
+            text.append(code)
+        else:
+            if line_range:
+                # More complicated path to only stylize a portion of the code
+                # This speeds up further operations as there are less spans to process
+                line_start, line_end = line_range
+
+                def line_tokenize() -> Iterable[Tuple[Any, str]]:
+                    """Split tokens to one per line."""
+                    assert lexer  # required to make MyPy happy - we know lexer is not None at this point
+
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code):
+                        while token:
+                            line_token, new_line, token = token.partition("\n")
+                            yield token_type, line_token + new_line
+
+                def tokens_to_spans() -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[Style]]]:
+                    """Convert tokens to spans."""
+                    tokens = iter(line_tokenize())
+                    line_no = 0
+                    _line_start = line_start - 1 if line_start else 0
+
+                    # Skip over tokens until line start
+                    while line_no < _line_start:
+                        try:
+                            _token_type, token = next(tokens)
+                        except StopIteration:
+                            break
+                        yield (token, None)
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                    # Generate spans until line end
+                    for token_type, token in tokens:
+                        yield (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                            if line_end and line_no >= line_end:
+                                break
+
+                text.append_tokens(tokens_to_spans())
+
+            else:
+                text.append_tokens(
+                    (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code)
+                )
+            if self.background_color is not None:
+                text.stylize(f"on {self.background_color}")
+
+        if self._stylized_ranges:
+            self._apply_stylized_ranges(text)
+
+        return text
+
+    def stylize_range(
+        self, style: StyleType, start: SyntaxPosition, end: SyntaxPosition
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a custom style on a part of the code, that will be applied to the syntax display when it's rendered.
+        Line numbers are 1-based, while column indexes are 0-based.
+
+        Args:
+            style (StyleType): The style to apply.
+            start (Tuple[int, int]): The start of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+            end (Tuple[int, int]): The end of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+        """
+        self._stylized_ranges.append(_SyntaxHighlightRange(style, start, end))
+
+    def _get_line_numbers_color(self, blend: float = 0.3) -> Color:
+        background_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        background_color = background_style.bgcolor
+        if background_color is None or background_color.is_system_defined:
+            return Color.default()
+        foreground_color = self._get_token_color(Token.Text)
+        if foreground_color is None or foreground_color.is_system_defined:
+            return foreground_color or Color.default()
+        new_color = blend_rgb(
+            background_color.get_truecolor(),
+            foreground_color.get_truecolor(),
+            cross_fade=blend,
+        )
+        return Color.from_triplet(new_color)
+
+    @property
+    def _numbers_column_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of characters used to render the numbers column."""
+        column_width = 0
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            column_width = (
+                len(str(self.start_line + self.code.count("\n")))
+                + NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING
+            )
+        return column_width
+
+    def _get_number_styles(self, console: Console) -> Tuple[Style, Style, Style]:
+        """Get background, number, and highlight styles for line numbers."""
+        background_style = self._get_base_style()
+        if background_style.transparent_background:
+            return Style.null(), Style(dim=True), Style.null()
+        if console.color_system in ("256", "truecolor"):
+            number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(color=self._get_line_numbers_color()),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+            highlight_number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(bold=True, color=self._get_line_numbers_color(0.9)),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+        else:
+            number_style = background_style + Style(dim=True)
+            highlight_number_style = background_style + Style(dim=False)
+        return background_style, number_style, highlight_number_style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        if self.code_width is not None:
+            width = self.code_width + self._numbers_column_width + padding + 1
+            return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+        lines = self.code.splitlines()
+        width = (
+            self._numbers_column_width
+            + padding
+            + (max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0)
+        )
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            width += 1
+        return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = Segments(self._get_syntax(console, options))
+        if self.padding:
+            yield Padding(
+                segments, style=self._theme.get_background_style(), pad=self.padding
+            )
+        else:
+            yield segments
+
+    def _get_syntax(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """
+        Get the Segments for the Syntax object, excluding any vertical/horizontal padding
+        """
+        transparent_background = self._get_base_style().transparent_background
+        code_width = (
+            (
+                (options.max_width - self._numbers_column_width - 1)
+                if self.line_numbers
+                else options.max_width
+            )
+            if self.code_width is None
+            else self.code_width
+        )
+
+        ends_on_nl, processed_code = self._process_code(self.code)
+        text = self.highlight(processed_code, self.line_range)
+
+        if not self.line_numbers and not self.word_wrap and not self.line_range:
+            if not ends_on_nl:
+                text.remove_suffix("\n")
+            # Simple case of just rendering text
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+                text = text.with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style)
+                text.overflow = "crop"
+            if style.transparent_background:
+                yield from console.render(
+                    text, options=options.update(width=code_width)
+                )
+            else:
+                syntax_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    text,
+                    options.update(width=code_width, height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=self.background_style,
+                    pad=True,
+                    new_lines=True,
+                )
+                for syntax_line in syntax_lines:
+                    yield from syntax_line
+            return
+
+        start_line, end_line = self.line_range or (None, None)
+        line_offset = 0
+        if start_line:
+            line_offset = max(0, start_line - 1)
+        lines: Union[List[Text], Lines] = text.split("\n", allow_blank=ends_on_nl)
+        if self.line_range:
+            if line_offset > len(lines):
+                return
+            lines = lines[line_offset:end_line]
+
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            lines = (
+                Text("\n")
+                .join(lines)
+                .with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style + Style(italic=False))
+                .split("\n", allow_blank=True)
+            )
+
+        numbers_column_width = self._numbers_column_width
+        render_options = options.update(width=code_width)
+
+        highlight_line = self.highlight_lines.__contains__
+        _Segment = Segment
+        new_line = _Segment("\n")
+
+        line_pointer = "> " if options.legacy_windows else "❱ "
+
+        (
+            background_style,
+            number_style,
+            highlight_number_style,
+        ) = self._get_number_styles(console)
+
+        for line_no, line in enumerate(lines, self.start_line + line_offset):
+            if self.word_wrap:
+                wrapped_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    line,
+                    render_options.update(height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=background_style,
+                    pad=not transparent_background,
+                )
+            else:
+                segments = list(line.render(console, end=""))
+                if options.no_wrap:
+                    wrapped_lines = [segments]
+                else:
+                    wrapped_lines = [
+                        _Segment.adjust_line_length(
+                            segments,
+                            render_options.max_width,
+                            style=background_style,
+                            pad=not transparent_background,
+                        )
+                    ]
+
+            if self.line_numbers:
+                wrapped_line_left_pad = _Segment(
+                    " " * numbers_column_width + " ", background_style
+                )
+                for first, wrapped_line in loop_first(wrapped_lines):
+                    if first:
+                        line_column = str(line_no).rjust(numbers_column_width - 2) + " "
+                        if highlight_line(line_no):
+                            yield _Segment(line_pointer, Style(color="red"))
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, highlight_number_style)
+                        else:
+                            yield _Segment("  ", highlight_number_style)
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, number_style)
+                    else:
+                        yield wrapped_line_left_pad
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for wrapped_line in wrapped_lines:
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+
+    def _apply_stylized_ranges(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """
+        Apply stylized ranges to a text instance,
+        using the given code to determine the right portion to apply the style to.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): Text instance to apply the style to.
+        """
+        code = text.plain
+        newlines_offsets = [
+            # Let's add outer boundaries at each side of the list:
+            0,
+            # N.B. using "\n" here is much faster than using metacharacters such as "^" or "\Z":
+            *[
+                match.start() + 1
+                for match in re.finditer("\n", code, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+            ],
+            len(code) + 1,
+        ]
+
+        for stylized_range in self._stylized_ranges:
+            start = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.start
+            )
+            end = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.end
+            )
+            if start is not None and end is not None:
+                text.stylize(stylized_range.style, start, end)
+
+    def _process_code(self, code: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """
+        Applies various processing to a raw code string
+        (normalises it so it always ends with a line return, dedents it if necessary, etc.)
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): The raw code string to process
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[bool, str]: the boolean indicates whether the raw code ends with a line return,
+                while the string is the processed code.
+        """
+        ends_on_nl = code.endswith("\n")
+        processed_code = code if ends_on_nl else code + "\n"
+        processed_code = (
+            textwrap.dedent(processed_code) if self.dedent else processed_code
+        )
+        processed_code = processed_code.expandtabs(self.tab_size)
+        return ends_on_nl, processed_code
+
+
+def _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+    newlines_offsets: Sequence[int], position: SyntaxPosition
+) -> Optional[int]:
+    """
+    Returns the index of the code string for the given positions.
+
+    Args:
+        newlines_offsets (Sequence[int]): The offset of each newline character found in the code snippet.
+        position (SyntaxPosition): The position to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+        Optional[int]: The index of the code string for this position, or `None`
+            if the given position's line number is out of range (if it's the column that is out of range
+            we silently clamp its value so that it reaches the end of the line)
+    """
+    lines_count = len(newlines_offsets)
+
+    line_number, column_index = position
+    if line_number > lines_count or len(newlines_offsets) < (line_number + 1):
+        return None  # `line_number` is out of range
+    line_index = line_number - 1
+    line_length = newlines_offsets[line_index + 1] - newlines_offsets[line_index] - 1
+    # If `column_index` is out of range: let's silently clamp it:
+    column_index = min(line_length, column_index)
+    return newlines_offsets[line_index] + column_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Render syntax to the console with Rich"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-c",
+        "--force-color",
+        dest="force_color",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=None,
+        help="force color for non-terminals",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent-guides",
+        dest="indent_guides",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="display indent guides",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l",
+        "--line-numbers",
+        dest="line_numbers",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="render line numbers",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-w",
+        "--width",
+        type=int,
+        dest="width",
+        default=None,
+        help="width of output (default will auto-detect)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-r",
+        "--wrap",
+        dest="word_wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="word wrap long lines",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-s",
+        "--soft-wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        dest="soft_wrap",
+        default=False,
+        help="enable soft wrapping mode",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t", "--theme", dest="theme", default="monokai", help="pygments theme"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-b",
+        "--background-color",
+        dest="background_color",
+        default=None,
+        help="Override background color",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-x",
+        "--lexer",
+        default=None,
+        dest="lexer_name",
+        help="Lexer name",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-p", "--padding", type=int, default=0, dest="padding", help="Padding"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--highlight-line",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        dest="highlight_line",
+        help="The line number (not index!) to highlight",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(force_terminal=args.force_color, width=args.width)
+
+    if args.path == "-":
+        code = sys.stdin.read()
+        syntax = Syntax(
+            code=code,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    else:
+        syntax = Syntax.from_path(
+            args.path,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    console.print(syntax, soft_wrap=args.soft_wrap)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43c718e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from . import box, errors
+from ._loop import loop_first_last, loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._ratio import ratio_distribute, ratio_reduce
+from .align import VerticalAlignMethod
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .protocol import is_renderable
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Column:
+    """Defines a column within a ~Table.
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    header: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the header (typically a string)"""
+
+    footer: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the footer (typically a string)"""
+
+    header_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the header."""
+
+    footer_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the footer."""
+
+    style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the column."""
+
+    justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left"
+    """str: How to justify text within the column ("left", "center", "right", or "full")"""
+
+    vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top"
+    """str: How to vertically align content ("top", "middle", or "bottom")"""
+
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis"
+    """str: Overflow method."""
+
+    width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Width of the column, or ``None`` (default) to auto calculate width."""
+
+    min_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    ratio: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Ratio to use when calculating column width, or ``None`` (default) to adapt to column contents."""
+
+    no_wrap: bool = False
+    """bool: Prevent wrapping of text within the column. Defaults to ``False``."""
+
+    _index: int = 0
+    """Index of column."""
+
+    _cells: List["RenderableType"] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Column":
+        """Return a copy of this Column."""
+        return replace(self, _cells=[])
+
+    @property
+    def cells(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        """Get all cells in the column, not including header."""
+        yield from self._cells
+
+    @property
+    def flexible(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this column is flexible."""
+        return self.ratio is not None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Row:
+    """Information regarding a row."""
+
+    style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    """Style to apply to row."""
+
+    end_section: bool = False
+    """Indicated end of section, which will force a line beneath the row."""
+
+
+class _Cell(NamedTuple):
+    """A single cell in a table."""
+
+    style: StyleType
+    """Style to apply to cell."""
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+    """Cell renderable."""
+    vertical: VerticalAlignMethod
+    """Cell vertical alignment."""
+
+
+class Table(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a table.
+
+    Args:
+        *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    columns: List[Column]
+    rows: List[Row]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        caption: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        box: Optional[box.Box] = box.HEAVY_HEAD,
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        collapse_padding: bool = False,
+        pad_edge: bool = True,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        show_header: bool = True,
+        show_footer: bool = False,
+        show_edge: bool = True,
+        show_lines: bool = False,
+        leading: int = 0,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        row_styles: Optional[Iterable[StyleType]] = None,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.header",
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.footer",
+        border_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        caption_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.columns: List[Column] = []
+        self.rows: List[Row] = []
+        self.title = title
+        self.caption = caption
+        self.width = width
+        self.min_width = min_width
+        self.box = box
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        self.pad_edge = pad_edge
+        self._expand = expand
+        self.show_header = show_header
+        self.show_footer = show_footer
+        self.show_edge = show_edge
+        self.show_lines = show_lines
+        self.leading = leading
+        self.collapse_padding = collapse_padding
+        self.style = style
+        self.header_style = header_style or ""
+        self.footer_style = footer_style or ""
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.title_style = title_style
+        self.caption_style = caption_style
+        self.title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = title_justify
+        self.caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = caption_justify
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.row_styles: Sequence[StyleType] = list(row_styles or [])
+        append_column = self.columns.append
+        for header in headers:
+            if isinstance(header, str):
+                self.add_column(header=header)
+            else:
+                header._index = len(self.columns)
+                append_column(header)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def grid(
+        cls,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+        collapse_padding: bool = True,
+        pad_edge: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        """Get a table with no lines, headers, or footer.
+
+        Args:
+            *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Get padding around cells. Defaults to 0.
+            collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to True.
+            pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding around edges of table. Defaults to False.
+            expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            *headers,
+            box=None,
+            padding=padding,
+            collapse_padding=collapse_padding,
+            show_header=False,
+            show_footer=False,
+            show_edge=False,
+            pad_edge=pad_edge,
+            expand=expand,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def expand(self) -> bool:
+        """Setting a non-None self.width implies expand."""
+        return self._expand or self.width is not None
+
+    @expand.setter
+    def expand(self, expand: bool) -> None:
+        """Set expand."""
+        self._expand = expand
+
+    @property
+    def _extra_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get extra width to add to cell content."""
+        width = 0
+        if self.box and self.show_edge:
+            width += 2
+        if self.box:
+            width += len(self.columns) - 1
+        return width
+
+    @property
+    def row_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get the current number of rows."""
+        return len(self.rows)
+
+    def get_row_style(self, console: "Console", index: int) -> StyleType:
+        """Get the current row style."""
+        style = Style.null()
+        if self.row_styles:
+            style += console.get_style(self.row_styles[index % len(self.row_styles)])
+        row_style = self.rows[index].style
+        if row_style is not None:
+            style += console.get_style(row_style)
+        return style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+        if max_width < 0:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        max_width = sum(
+            self._calculate_column_widths(
+                console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+            )
+        )
+        _measure_column = self._measure_column
+
+        measurements = [
+            _measure_column(console, options.update_width(max_width), column)
+            for column in self.columns
+        ]
+        minimum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.minimum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+        )
+        maximum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.maximum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+            if (self.width is None)
+            else self.width
+        )
+        measurement = Measurement(minimum_width, maximum_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(self.min_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @property
+    def padding(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Get cell padding."""
+        return self._padding
+
+    @padding.setter
+    def padding(self, padding: PaddingDimensions) -> "Table":
+        """Set cell padding."""
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        return self
+
+    def add_column(
+        self,
+        header: "RenderableType" = "",
+        footer: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        ratio: Optional[int] = None,
+        no_wrap: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a column to the table.
+
+        Args:
+            header (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the header.
+                Defaults to "".
+            footer (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the footer.
+                Defaults to "".
+            header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the header, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the footer, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the column cells, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Alignment for cells. Defaults to "left".
+            vertical (VerticalAlignMethod, optional): Vertical alignment, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to "top".
+            overflow (OverflowMethod): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to "ellipsis".
+            width (int, optional): Desired width of column in characters, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+            min_width (Optional[int], optional): Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (Optional[int], optional): Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+            ratio (int, optional): Flexible ratio for the column (requires ``Table.expand`` or ``Table.width``). Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Set to ``True`` to disable wrapping of this column.
+        """
+
+        column = Column(
+            _index=len(self.columns),
+            header=header,
+            footer=footer,
+            header_style=header_style or "",
+            footer_style=footer_style or "",
+            style=style or "",
+            justify=justify,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            width=width,
+            min_width=min_width,
+            max_width=max_width,
+            ratio=ratio,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+        )
+        self.columns.append(column)
+
+    def add_row(
+        self,
+        *renderables: Optional["RenderableType"],
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        end_section: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a row of renderables.
+
+        Args:
+            *renderables (None or renderable): Each cell in a row must be a renderable object (including str),
+                or ``None`` for a blank cell.
+            style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the entire row. Defaults to None.
+            end_section (bool, optional): End a section and draw a line. Defaults to False.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If you add something that can't be rendered.
+        """
+
+        def add_cell(column: Column, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+            column._cells.append(renderable)
+
+        cell_renderables: List[Optional["RenderableType"]] = list(renderables)
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        if len(cell_renderables) < len(columns):
+            cell_renderables = [
+                *cell_renderables,
+                *[None] * (len(columns) - len(cell_renderables)),
+            ]
+        for index, renderable in enumerate(cell_renderables):
+            if index == len(columns):
+                column = Column(_index=index)
+                for _ in self.rows:
+                    add_cell(column, Text(""))
+                self.columns.append(column)
+            else:
+                column = columns[index]
+            if renderable is None:
+                add_cell(column, "")
+            elif is_renderable(renderable):
+                add_cell(column, renderable)
+            else:
+                raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                    f"unable to render {type(renderable).__name__}; a string or other renderable object is required"
+                )
+        self.rows.append(Row(style=style, end_section=end_section))
+
+    def add_section(self) -> None:
+        """Add a new section (draw a line after current row)."""
+
+        if self.rows:
+            self.rows[-1].end_section = True
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if not self.columns:
+            yield Segment("\n")
+            return
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        widths = self._calculate_column_widths(
+            console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+        )
+        table_width = sum(widths) + extra_width
+
+        render_options = options.update(
+            width=table_width, highlight=self.highlight, height=None
+        )
+
+        def render_annotation(
+            text: TextType, style: StyleType, justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center"
+        ) -> "RenderResult":
+            render_text = (
+                console.render_str(text, style=style, highlight=False)
+                if isinstance(text, str)
+                else text
+            )
+            return console.render(
+                render_text, options=render_options.update(justify=justify)
+            )
+
+        if self.title:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.title,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.title_style, "table.title"),
+                justify=self.title_justify,
+            )
+        yield from self._render(console, render_options, widths)
+        if self.caption:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.caption,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.caption_style, "table.caption"),
+                justify=self.caption_justify,
+            )
+
+    def _calculate_column_widths(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Calculate the widths of each column, including padding, not including borders."""
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        columns = self.columns
+        width_ranges = [
+            self._measure_column(console, options, column) for column in columns
+        ]
+        widths = [_range.maximum or 1 for _range in width_ranges]
+        get_padding_width = self._get_padding_width
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        if self.expand:
+            ratios = [col.ratio or 0 for col in columns if col.flexible]
+            if any(ratios):
+                fixed_widths = [
+                    0 if column.flexible else _range.maximum
+                    for _range, column in zip(width_ranges, columns)
+                ]
+                flex_minimum = [
+                    (column.width or 1) + get_padding_width(column._index)
+                    for column in columns
+                    if column.flexible
+                ]
+                flexible_width = max_width - sum(fixed_widths)
+                flex_widths = ratio_distribute(flexible_width, ratios, flex_minimum)
+                iter_flex_widths = iter(flex_widths)
+                for index, column in enumerate(columns):
+                    if column.flexible:
+                        widths[index] = fixed_widths[index] + next(iter_flex_widths)
+        table_width = sum(widths)
+
+        if table_width > max_width:
+            widths = self._collapse_widths(
+                widths,
+                [(column.width is None and not column.no_wrap) for column in columns],
+                max_width,
+            )
+            table_width = sum(widths)
+            # last resort, reduce columns evenly
+            if table_width > max_width:
+                excess_width = table_width - max_width
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, [1] * len(widths), widths, widths)
+                table_width = sum(widths)
+
+            width_ranges = [
+                self._measure_column(console, options.update_width(width), column)
+                for width, column in zip(widths, columns)
+            ]
+            widths = [_range.maximum or 0 for _range in width_ranges]
+
+        if (table_width < max_width and self.expand) or (
+            self.min_width is not None and table_width < (self.min_width - extra_width)
+        ):
+            _max_width = (
+                max_width
+                if self.min_width is None
+                else min(self.min_width - extra_width, max_width)
+            )
+            pad_widths = ratio_distribute(_max_width - table_width, widths)
+            widths = [_width + pad for _width, pad in zip(widths, pad_widths)]
+
+        return widths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _collapse_widths(
+        cls, widths: List[int], wrapable: List[bool], max_width: int
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Reduce widths so that the total is under max_width.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): List of widths.
+            wrapable (List[bool]): List of booleans that indicate if a column may shrink.
+            max_width (int): Maximum width to reduce to.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[int]: A new list of widths.
+        """
+        total_width = sum(widths)
+        excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        if any(wrapable):
+            while total_width and excess_width > 0:
+                max_column = max(
+                    width for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable) if allow_wrap
+                )
+                second_max_column = max(
+                    width if allow_wrap and width != max_column else 0
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                )
+                column_difference = max_column - second_max_column
+                ratios = [
+                    (1 if (width == max_column and allow_wrap) else 0)
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                ]
+                if not any(ratios) or not column_difference:
+                    break
+                max_reduce = [min(excess_width, column_difference)] * len(widths)
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, ratios, max_reduce, widths)
+
+                total_width = sum(widths)
+                excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        return widths
+
+    def _get_cells(
+        self, console: "Console", column_index: int, column: Column
+    ) -> Iterable[_Cell]:
+        """Get all the cells with padding and optional header."""
+
+        collapse_padding = self.collapse_padding
+        pad_edge = self.pad_edge
+        padding = self.padding
+        any_padding = any(padding)
+
+        first_column = column_index == 0
+        last_column = column_index == len(self.columns) - 1
+
+        _padding_cache: Dict[Tuple[bool, bool], Tuple[int, int, int, int]] = {}
+
+        def get_padding(first_row: bool, last_row: bool) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+            cached = _padding_cache.get((first_row, last_row))
+            if cached:
+                return cached
+            top, right, bottom, left = padding
+
+            if collapse_padding:
+                if not first_column:
+                    left = max(0, left - right)
+                if not last_row:
+                    bottom = max(0, top - bottom)
+
+            if not pad_edge:
+                if first_column:
+                    left = 0
+                if last_column:
+                    right = 0
+                if first_row:
+                    top = 0
+                if last_row:
+                    bottom = 0
+            _padding = (top, right, bottom, left)
+            _padding_cache[(first_row, last_row)] = _padding
+            return _padding
+
+        raw_cells: List[Tuple[StyleType, "RenderableType"]] = []
+        _append = raw_cells.append
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        if self.show_header:
+            header_style = get_style(self.header_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.header_style
+            )
+            _append((header_style, column.header))
+        cell_style = get_style(column.style or "")
+        for cell in column.cells:
+            _append((cell_style, cell))
+        if self.show_footer:
+            footer_style = get_style(self.footer_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.footer_style
+            )
+            _append((footer_style, column.footer))
+
+        if any_padding:
+            _Padding = Padding
+            for first, last, (style, renderable) in loop_first_last(raw_cells):
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    _Padding(renderable, get_padding(first, last)),
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+        else:
+            for style, renderable in raw_cells:
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    renderable,
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+
+    def _get_padding_width(self, column_index: int) -> int:
+        """Get extra width from padding."""
+        _, pad_right, _, pad_left = self.padding
+        if self.collapse_padding:
+            if column_index > 0:
+                pad_left = max(0, pad_left - pad_right)
+        return pad_left + pad_right
+
+    def _measure_column(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        options: "ConsoleOptions",
+        column: Column,
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Get the minimum and maximum width of the column."""
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        padding_width = self._get_padding_width(column._index)
+
+        if column.width is not None:
+            # Fixed width column
+            return Measurement(
+                column.width + padding_width, column.width + padding_width
+            ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        # Flexible column, we need to measure contents
+        min_widths: List[int] = []
+        max_widths: List[int] = []
+        append_min = min_widths.append
+        append_max = max_widths.append
+        get_render_width = Measurement.get
+        for cell in self._get_cells(console, column._index, column):
+            _min, _max = get_render_width(console, options, cell.renderable)
+            append_min(_min)
+            append_max(_max)
+
+        measurement = Measurement(
+            max(min_widths) if min_widths else 1,
+            max(max_widths) if max_widths else max_width,
+        ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(
+            None if column.min_width is None else column.min_width + padding_width,
+            None if column.max_width is None else column.max_width + padding_width,
+        )
+        return measurement
+
+    def _render(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", widths: List[int]
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        table_style = console.get_style(self.style or "")
+
+        border_style = table_style + console.get_style(self.border_style or "")
+        _column_cells = (
+            self._get_cells(console, column_index, column)
+            for column_index, column in enumerate(self.columns)
+        )
+        row_cells: List[Tuple[_Cell, ...]] = list(zip(*_column_cells))
+        _box = (
+            self.box.substitute(
+                options, safe=pick_bool(self.safe_box, console.safe_box)
+            )
+            if self.box
+            else None
+        )
+        _box = _box.get_plain_headed_box() if _box and not self.show_header else _box
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        show_header = self.show_header
+        show_footer = self.show_footer
+        show_edge = self.show_edge
+        show_lines = self.show_lines
+        leading = self.leading
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if _box:
+            box_segments = [
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.head_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+            ]
+            if show_edge:
+                yield _Segment(_box.get_top(widths), border_style)
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            box_segments = []
+
+        get_row_style = self.get_row_style
+        get_style = console.get_style
+
+        for index, (first, last, row_cell) in enumerate(loop_first_last(row_cells)):
+            header_row = first and show_header
+            footer_row = last and show_footer
+            row = (
+                self.rows[index - show_header]
+                if (not header_row and not footer_row)
+                else None
+            )
+            max_height = 1
+            cells: List[List[List[Segment]]] = []
+            if header_row or footer_row:
+                row_style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                row_style = get_style(
+                    get_row_style(console, index - 1 if show_header else index)
+                )
+            for width, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, columns):
+                render_options = options.update(
+                    width=width,
+                    justify=column.justify,
+                    no_wrap=column.no_wrap,
+                    overflow=column.overflow,
+                    height=None,
+                )
+                lines = console.render_lines(
+                    cell.renderable,
+                    render_options,
+                    style=get_style(cell.style) + row_style,
+                )
+                max_height = max(max_height, len(lines))
+                cells.append(lines)
+
+            row_height = max(len(cell) for cell in cells)
+
+            def align_cell(
+                cell: List[List[Segment]],
+                vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod",
+                width: int,
+                style: Style,
+            ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+                if header_row:
+                    vertical = "bottom"
+                elif footer_row:
+                    vertical = "top"
+
+                if vertical == "top":
+                    return _Segment.align_top(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                elif vertical == "middle":
+                    return _Segment.align_middle(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                return _Segment.align_bottom(cell, width, row_height, style)
+
+            cells[:] = [
+                _Segment.set_shape(
+                    align_cell(
+                        cell,
+                        _cell.vertical,
+                        width,
+                        get_style(_cell.style) + row_style,
+                    ),
+                    width,
+                    max_height,
+                )
+                for width, _cell, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, cells, columns)
+            ]
+
+            if _box:
+                if last and show_footer:
+                    yield _Segment(
+                        _box.get_row(widths, "foot", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                    )
+                    yield new_line
+                left, right, _divider = box_segments[0 if first else (2 if last else 1)]
+
+                # If the column divider is whitespace also style it with the row background
+                divider = (
+                    _divider
+                    if _divider.text.strip()
+                    else _Segment(
+                        _divider.text, row_style.background_style + _divider.style
+                    )
+                )
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield left
+                    for last_cell, rendered_cell in loop_last(cells):
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                        if not last_cell:
+                            yield divider
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield right
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    for rendered_cell in cells:
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                    yield new_line
+            if _box and first and show_header:
+                yield _Segment(
+                    _box.get_row(widths, "head", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                )
+                yield new_line
+            end_section = row and row.end_section
+            if _box and (show_lines or leading or end_section):
+                if (
+                    not last
+                    and not (show_footer and index >= len(row_cells) - 2)
+                    and not (show_header and header_row)
+                ):
+                    if leading:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "mid", edge=show_edge) * leading,
+                            border_style,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "row", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                        )
+                    yield new_line
+
+        if _box and show_edge:
+            yield _Segment(_box.get_bottom(widths), border_style)
+            yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table as Table
+
+    from ._timer import timer
+
+    with timer("Table render"):
+        table = Table(
+            title="Star Wars Movies",
+            caption="Rich example table",
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+
+        table.add_column(
+            "Released", header_style="bright_cyan", style="cyan", no_wrap=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+        table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 20, 2019",
+            "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+            "$952,110,690",
+        )
+        table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 15, 2017",
+            "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi",
+            "$1,332,539,889",
+            style="on black",
+            end_section=True,
+        )
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 16, 2016",
+            "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story",
+            "$1,332,439,889",
+        )
+
+        def header(text: str) -> None:
+            console.print()
+            console.rule(highlight(text))
+            console.print()
+
+        console = Console()
+        highlight = ReprHighlighter()
+        header("Example Table")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.expand = True
+        header("expand=True")
+        console.print(table)
+
+        table.width = 50
+        header("width=50")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        header("row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.leading = 1
+        header("leading=1, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.show_lines = True
+        table.leading = 0
+        header("show_lines=True, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..565e9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .palette import Palette
+
+_ColorTuple = Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+
+class TerminalTheme:
+    """A color theme used when exporting console content.
+
+    Args:
+        background (Tuple[int, int, int]): The background color.
+        foreground (Tuple[int, int, int]): The foreground (text) color.
+        normal (List[Tuple[int, int, int]]): A list of 8 normal intensity colors.
+        bright (List[Tuple[int, int, int]], optional): A list of 8 bright colors, or None
+            to repeat normal intensity. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        background: _ColorTuple,
+        foreground: _ColorTuple,
+        normal: List[_ColorTuple],
+        bright: Optional[List[_ColorTuple]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.background_color = ColorTriplet(*background)
+        self.foreground_color = ColorTriplet(*foreground)
+        self.ansi_colors = Palette(normal + (bright or normal))
+
+
+DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (0, 0, 0),
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+    ],
+    [
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ],
+)
+
+MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (12, 12, 12),
+    (217, 217, 217),
+    [
+        (26, 26, 26),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (253, 151, 31),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (196, 197, 181),
+        (98, 94, 76),
+    ],
+    [
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (224, 213, 97),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (246, 246, 239),
+    ],
+)
+DIMMED_MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (25, 25, 25),
+    (185, 188, 186),
+    [
+        (58, 61, 67),
+        (190, 63, 72),
+        (135, 154, 59),
+        (197, 166, 53),
+        (79, 118, 161),
+        (133, 92, 141),
+        (87, 143, 164),
+        (185, 188, 186),
+        (136, 137, 135),
+    ],
+    [
+        (251, 0, 31),
+        (15, 114, 47),
+        (196, 112, 51),
+        (24, 109, 227),
+        (251, 0, 103),
+        (46, 112, 109),
+        (253, 255, 185),
+    ],
+)
+NIGHT_OWLISH = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (64, 63, 83),
+    [
+        (1, 22, 39),
+        (211, 66, 62),
+        (42, 162, 152),
+        (218, 170, 1),
+        (72, 118, 214),
+        (64, 63, 83),
+        (8, 145, 106),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+    ],
+    [
+        (247, 110, 110),
+        (73, 208, 197),
+        (218, 194, 107),
+        (92, 167, 228),
+        (105, 112, 152),
+        (0, 201, 144),
+        (152, 159, 177),
+    ],
+)
+
+SVG_EXPORT_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (41, 41, 41),
+    (197, 200, 198),
+    [
+        (75, 78, 85),
+        (204, 85, 90),
+        (152, 168, 75),
+        (208, 179, 68),
+        (96, 138, 177),
+        (152, 114, 159),
+        (104, 160, 179),
+        (197, 200, 198),
+        (154, 155, 153),
+    ],
+    [
+        (255, 38, 39),
+        (0, 130, 61),
+        (208, 132, 66),
+        (25, 132, 233),
+        (255, 44, 122),
+        (57, 130, 128),
+        (253, 253, 197),
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..209aa94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1357 @@
+import re
+from functools import partial, reduce
+from math import gcd
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._wrap import divide_line
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .containers import Lines
+from .control import strip_control_codes
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, OverflowMethod
+
+DEFAULT_JUSTIFY: "JustifyMethod" = "default"
+DEFAULT_OVERFLOW: "OverflowMethod" = "fold"
+
+
+_re_whitespace = re.compile(r"\s+$")
+
+TextType = Union[str, "Text"]
+"""A plain string or a :class:`Text` instance."""
+
+GetStyleCallable = Callable[[str], Optional[StyleType]]
+
+
+class Span(NamedTuple):
+    """A marked up region in some text."""
+
+    start: int
+    """Span start index."""
+    end: int
+    """Span end index."""
+    style: Union[str, Style]
+    """Style associated with the span."""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Span({self.start}, {self.end}, {self.style!r})"
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self.end > self.start
+
+    def split(self, offset: int) -> Tuple["Span", Optional["Span"]]:
+        """Split a span in to 2 from a given offset."""
+
+        if offset < self.start:
+            return self, None
+        if offset >= self.end:
+            return self, None
+
+        start, end, style = self
+        span1 = Span(start, min(end, offset), style)
+        span2 = Span(span1.end, end, style)
+        return span1, span2
+
+    def move(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Move start and end by a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): Number of characters to add to start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            TextSpan: A new TextSpan with adjusted position.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        return Span(start + offset, end + offset, style)
+
+    def right_crop(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Crop the span at the given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): A value between start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            Span: A new (possibly smaller) span.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        if offset >= end:
+            return self
+        return Span(start, min(offset, end), style)
+
+    def extend(self, cells: int) -> "Span":
+        """Extend the span by the given number of cells.
+
+        Args:
+            cells (int): Additional space to add to end of span.
+
+        Returns:
+            Span: A span.
+        """
+        if cells:
+            start, end, style = self
+            return Span(start, end + cells, style)
+        else:
+            return self
+
+
+class Text(JupyterMixin):
+    """Text with color / style.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str, optional): Default unstyled text. Defaults to "".
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+        justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+        overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+        tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to None.
+        spans (List[Span], optional). A list of predefined style spans. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_text",
+        "style",
+        "justify",
+        "overflow",
+        "no_wrap",
+        "end",
+        "tab_size",
+        "_spans",
+        "_length",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        spans: Optional[List[Span]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+        self._text = [sanitized_text]
+        self.style = style
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.end = end
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self._spans: List[Span] = spans or []
+        self._length: int = len(sanitized_text)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._length
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._length)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.plain
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<text {self.plain!r} {self._spans!r}>"
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> "Text":
+        if isinstance(other, (str, Text)):
+            result = self.copy()
+            result.append(other)
+            return result
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Text):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.plain == other.plain and self._spans == other._spans
+
+    def __contains__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            return other in self.plain
+        elif isinstance(other, Text):
+            return other.plain in self.plain
+        return False
+
+    def __getitem__(self, slice: Union[int, slice]) -> "Text":
+        def get_text_at(offset: int) -> "Text":
+            _Span = Span
+            text = Text(
+                self.plain[offset],
+                spans=[
+                    _Span(0, 1, style)
+                    for start, end, style in self._spans
+                    if end > offset >= start
+                ],
+                end="",
+            )
+            return text
+
+        if isinstance(slice, int):
+            return get_text_at(slice)
+        else:
+            start, stop, step = slice.indices(len(self.plain))
+            if step == 1:
+                lines = self.divide([start, stop])
+                return lines[1]
+            else:
+                # This would be a bit of work to implement efficiently
+                # For now, its not required
+                raise TypeError("slices with step!=1 are not supported")
+
+    @property
+    def cell_len(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of cells required to render this text."""
+        return cell_len(self.plain)
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get console markup to render this Text.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string potentially creating markup tags.
+        """
+        from .markup import escape
+
+        output: List[str] = []
+
+        plain = self.plain
+        markup_spans = [
+            (0, False, self.style),
+            *((span.start, False, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            *((span.end, True, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            (len(plain), True, self.style),
+        ]
+        markup_spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+        position = 0
+        append = output.append
+        for offset, closing, style in markup_spans:
+            if offset > position:
+                append(escape(plain[position:offset]))
+                position = offset
+            if style:
+                append(f"[/{style}]" if closing else f"[{style}]")
+        markup = "".join(output)
+        return markup
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_markup(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create Text instance from markup.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+            emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance with markup rendered.
+        """
+        from .markup import render
+
+        rendered_text = render(text, style, emoji=emoji, emoji_variant=emoji_variant)
+        rendered_text.justify = justify
+        rendered_text.overflow = overflow
+        rendered_text.end = end
+        return rendered_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create a Text object from a string containing ANSI escape codes.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing escape codes.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+
+        joiner = Text(
+            "\n",
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            style=style,
+        )
+        decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+        result = joiner.join(line for line in decoder.decode(text))
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def styled(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a Text instance with a pre-applied styled. A style applied in this way won't be used
+        to pad the text when it is justified.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply to the text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance with a style applied to the entire string.
+        """
+        styled_text = cls(text, justify=justify, overflow=overflow)
+        styled_text.stylize(style)
+        return styled_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def assemble(
+        cls,
+        *parts: Union[str, "Text", Tuple[str, StyleType]],
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a text instance by combining a sequence of strings with optional styles.
+        The positional arguments should be either strings, or a tuple of string + style.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to None.
+            meta (Dict[str, Any], optional). Meta data to apply to text, or None for no meta data. Default to None
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance.
+        """
+        text = cls(
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+        )
+        append = text.append
+        _Text = Text
+        for part in parts:
+            if isinstance(part, (_Text, str)):
+                append(part)
+            else:
+                append(*part)
+        if meta:
+            text.apply_meta(meta)
+        return text
+
+    @property
+    def plain(self) -> str:
+        """Get the text as a single string."""
+        if len(self._text) != 1:
+            self._text[:] = ["".join(self._text)]
+        return self._text[0]
+
+    @plain.setter
+    def plain(self, new_text: str) -> None:
+        """Set the text to a new value."""
+        if new_text != self.plain:
+            sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(new_text)
+            self._text[:] = [sanitized_text]
+            old_length = self._length
+            self._length = len(sanitized_text)
+            if old_length > self._length:
+                self._trim_spans()
+
+    @property
+    def spans(self) -> List[Span]:
+        """Get a reference to the internal list of spans."""
+        return self._spans
+
+    @spans.setter
+    def spans(self, spans: List[Span]) -> None:
+        """Set spans."""
+        self._spans = spans[:]
+
+    def blank_copy(self, plain: str = "") -> "Text":
+        """Return a new Text instance with copied metadata (but not the string or spans)."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        return copy_self
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Text":
+        """Return a copy of this instance."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            self.plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        copy_self._spans[:] = self._spans
+        return copy_self
+
+    def stylize(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.append(Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def stylize_before(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text. Styles will be applied before other styles already present.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.insert(0, Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def apply_meta(
+        self, meta: Dict[str, Any], start: int = 0, end: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply metadata to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): A dict of meta information.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+
+        """
+        style = Style.from_meta(meta)
+        self.stylize(style, start=start, end=end)
+
+    def on(self, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Text":
+        """Apply event handlers (used by Textual project).
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.text import Text
+            >>> text = Text("hello world")
+            >>> text.on(click="view.toggle('world')")
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): Mapping of meta information.
+            **handlers: Keyword args are prefixed with "@" to defined handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Self is returned to method may be chained.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        self.stylize(Style.from_meta(meta))
+        return self
+
+    def remove_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a suffix if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            suffix (str): Suffix to remove.
+        """
+        if self.plain.endswith(suffix):
+            self.right_crop(len(suffix))
+
+    def get_style_at_offset(self, console: "Console", offset: int) -> Style:
+        """Get the style of a character at give offset.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~Console): Console where text will be rendered.
+            offset (int): Offset in to text (negative indexing supported)
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style instance.
+        """
+        # TODO: This is a little inefficient, it is only used by full justify
+        if offset < 0:
+            offset = len(self) + offset
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        style = get_style(self.style).copy()
+        for start, end, span_style in self._spans:
+            if end > offset >= start:
+                style += get_style(span_style, default="")
+        return style
+
+    def extend_style(self, spaces: int) -> None:
+        """Extend the Text given number of spaces where the spaces have the same style as the last character.
+
+        Args:
+            spaces (int): Number of spaces to add to the Text.
+        """
+        if spaces <= 0:
+            return
+        spans = self.spans
+        new_spaces = " " * spaces
+        if spans:
+            end_offset = len(self)
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                span.extend(spaces) if span.end >= end_offset else span
+                for span in spans
+            ]
+            self._text.append(new_spaces)
+            self._length += spaces
+        else:
+            self.plain += new_spaces
+
+    def highlight_regex(
+        self,
+        re_highlight: str,
+        style: Optional[Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]] = None,
+        *,
+        style_prefix: str = "",
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight text with a regular expression, where group names are
+        translated to styles.
+
+        Args:
+            re_highlight (str): A regular expression.
+            style (Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]): Optional style to apply to whole match, or a callable
+                which accepts the matched text and returns a style. Defaults to None.
+            style_prefix (str, optional): Optional prefix to add to style group names.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of regex matches
+        """
+        count = 0
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        plain = self.plain
+        for match in re.finditer(re_highlight, plain):
+            get_span = match.span
+            if style:
+                start, end = get_span()
+                match_style = style(plain[start:end]) if callable(style) else style
+                if match_style is not None and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, match_style))
+
+            count += 1
+            for name in match.groupdict().keys():
+                start, end = get_span(name)
+                if start != -1 and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, f"{style_prefix}{name}"))
+        return count
+
+    def highlight_words(
+        self,
+        words: Iterable[str],
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        *,
+        case_sensitive: bool = True,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight words with a style.
+
+        Args:
+            words (Iterable[str]): Words to highlight.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply.
+            case_sensitive (bool, optional): Enable case sensitive matching. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of words highlighted.
+        """
+        re_words = "|".join(re.escape(word) for word in words)
+        add_span = self._spans.append
+        count = 0
+        _Span = Span
+        for match in re.finditer(
+            re_words, self.plain, flags=0 if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE
+        ):
+            start, end = match.span(0)
+            add_span(_Span(start, end, style))
+            count += 1
+        return count
+
+    def rstrip(self) -> None:
+        """Strip whitespace from end of text."""
+        self.plain = self.plain.rstrip()
+
+    def rstrip_end(self, size: int) -> None:
+        """Remove whitespace beyond a certain width at the end of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            size (int): The desired size of the text.
+        """
+        text_length = len(self)
+        if text_length > size:
+            excess = text_length - size
+            whitespace_match = _re_whitespace.search(self.plain)
+            if whitespace_match is not None:
+                whitespace_count = len(whitespace_match.group(0))
+                self.right_crop(min(whitespace_count, excess))
+
+    def set_length(self, new_length: int) -> None:
+        """Set new length of the text, clipping or padding is required."""
+        length = len(self)
+        if length != new_length:
+            if length < new_length:
+                self.pad_right(new_length - length)
+            else:
+                self.right_crop(length - new_length)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        tab_size: int = console.tab_size if self.tab_size is None else self.tab_size
+        justify = self.justify or options.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+
+        overflow = self.overflow or options.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        lines = self.wrap(
+            console,
+            options.max_width,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            tab_size=tab_size or 8,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap, False),
+        )
+        all_lines = Text("\n").join(lines)
+        yield from all_lines.render(console, end=self.end)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.plain
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+        max_text_width = max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        words = text.split()
+        min_text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(word) for word in words) if words else max_text_width
+        )
+        return Measurement(min_text_width, max_text_width)
+
+    def render(self, console: "Console", end: str = "") -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Render the text as Segments.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            end (Optional[str], optional): Optional end character.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: Result of render that may be written to the console.
+        """
+        _Segment = Segment
+        text = self.plain
+        if not self._spans:
+            yield Segment(text)
+            if end:
+                yield _Segment(end)
+            return
+        get_style = partial(console.get_style, default=Style.null())
+
+        enumerated_spans = list(enumerate(self._spans, 1))
+        style_map = {index: get_style(span.style) for index, span in enumerated_spans}
+        style_map[0] = get_style(self.style)
+
+        spans = [
+            (0, False, 0),
+            *((span.start, False, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            *((span.end, True, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            (len(text), True, 0),
+        ]
+        spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+
+        stack: List[int] = []
+        stack_append = stack.append
+        stack_pop = stack.remove
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Tuple[Style, ...], Style] = {}
+        style_cache_get = style_cache.get
+        combine = Style.combine
+
+        def get_current_style() -> Style:
+            """Construct current style from stack."""
+            styles = tuple(style_map[_style_id] for _style_id in sorted(stack))
+            cached_style = style_cache_get(styles)
+            if cached_style is not None:
+                return cached_style
+            current_style = combine(styles)
+            style_cache[styles] = current_style
+            return current_style
+
+        for (offset, leaving, style_id), (next_offset, _, _) in zip(spans, spans[1:]):
+            if leaving:
+                stack_pop(style_id)
+            else:
+                stack_append(style_id)
+            if next_offset > offset:
+                yield _Segment(text[offset:next_offset], get_current_style())
+        if end:
+            yield _Segment(end)
+
+    def join(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> "Text":
+        """Join text together with this instance as the separator.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[Text]): An iterable of Text instances to join.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance containing join text.
+        """
+
+        new_text = self.blank_copy()
+
+        def iter_text() -> Iterable["Text"]:
+            if self.plain:
+                for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+                    yield line
+                    if not last:
+                        yield self
+            else:
+                yield from lines
+
+        extend_text = new_text._text.extend
+        append_span = new_text._spans.append
+        extend_spans = new_text._spans.extend
+        offset = 0
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for text in iter_text():
+            extend_text(text._text)
+            if text.style:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(text), text.style))
+            extend_spans(
+                _Span(offset + start, offset + end, style)
+                for start, end, style in text._spans
+            )
+            offset += len(text)
+        new_text._length = offset
+        return new_text
+
+    def expand_tabs(self, tab_size: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        """Converts tabs to spaces.
+
+        Args:
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 8.
+
+        """
+        if "\t" not in self.plain:
+            return
+        if tab_size is None:
+            tab_size = self.tab_size
+        if tab_size is None:
+            tab_size = 8
+
+        new_text: List[Text] = []
+        append = new_text.append
+
+        for line in self.split("\n", include_separator=True):
+            if "\t" not in line.plain:
+                append(line)
+            else:
+                cell_position = 0
+                parts = line.split("\t", include_separator=True)
+                for part in parts:
+                    if part.plain.endswith("\t"):
+                        part._text[-1] = part._text[-1][:-1] + " "
+                        cell_position += part.cell_len
+                        tab_remainder = cell_position % tab_size
+                        if tab_remainder:
+                            spaces = tab_size - tab_remainder
+                            part.extend_style(spaces)
+                            cell_position += spaces
+                    else:
+                        cell_position += part.cell_len
+                    append(part)
+
+        result = Text("").join(new_text)
+
+        self._text = [result.plain]
+        self._length = len(self.plain)
+        self._spans[:] = result._spans
+
+    def truncate(
+        self,
+        max_width: int,
+        *,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        pad: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Truncate text if it is longer that a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int): Maximum number of characters in text.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None, to use self.overflow.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad with spaces if the length is less than max_width. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        _overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+        if _overflow != "ignore":
+            length = cell_len(self.plain)
+            if length > max_width:
+                if _overflow == "ellipsis":
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width - 1) + "…"
+                else:
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width)
+            if pad and length < max_width:
+                spaces = max_width - length
+                self._text = [f"{self.plain}{' ' * spaces}"]
+                self._length = len(self.plain)
+
+    def _trim_spans(self) -> None:
+        """Remove or modify any spans that are over the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain)
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+
+    def pad(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad left and right with a given number of characters.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Width of padding.
+            character (str): The character to pad with. Must be a string of length 1.
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            pad_characters = character * count
+            self.plain = f"{pad_characters}{self.plain}{pad_characters}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_left(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the left with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{character * count}{self.plain}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_right(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the right with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{self.plain}{character * count}"
+
+    def align(self, align: AlignMethod, width: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Align text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right".
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        self.truncate(width)
+        excess_space = width - cell_len(self.plain)
+        if excess_space:
+            if align == "left":
+                self.pad_right(excess_space, character)
+            elif align == "center":
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                self.pad_left(left, character)
+                self.pad_right(excess_space - left, character)
+            else:
+                self.pad_left(excess_space, character)
+
+    def append(
+        self, text: Union["Text", str], style: Optional[Union[str, "Style"]] = None
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Add text with an optional style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[Text, str]): A str or Text to append.
+            style (str, optional): A style name. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+
+        if not isinstance(text, (str, Text)):
+            raise TypeError("Only str or Text can be appended to Text")
+
+        if len(text):
+            if isinstance(text, str):
+                sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+                self._text.append(sanitized_text)
+                offset = len(self)
+                text_length = len(sanitized_text)
+                if style:
+                    self._spans.append(Span(offset, offset + text_length, style))
+                self._length += text_length
+            elif isinstance(text, Text):
+                _Span = Span
+                if style is not None:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "style must not be set when appending Text instance"
+                    )
+                text_length = self._length
+                if text.style:
+                    self._spans.append(
+                        _Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style)
+                    )
+                self._text.append(text.plain)
+                self._spans.extend(
+                    _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+                    for start, end, style in text._spans
+                )
+                self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_text(self, text: "Text") -> "Text":
+        """Append another Text instance. This method is more performant that Text.append, but
+        only works for Text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): The Text instance to append to this instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        _Span = Span
+        text_length = self._length
+        if text.style:
+            self._spans.append(_Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style))
+        self._text.append(text.plain)
+        self._spans.extend(
+            _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+            for start, end, style in text._spans
+        )
+        self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_tokens(
+        self, tokens: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Append iterable of str and style. Style may be a Style instance or a str style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            tokens (Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]): An iterable of tuples containing str content and style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        append_text = self._text.append
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        offset = len(self)
+        for content, style in tokens:
+            append_text(content)
+            if style:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(content), style))
+            offset += len(content)
+        self._length = offset
+        return self
+
+    def copy_styles(self, text: "Text") -> None:
+        """Copy styles from another Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): A Text instance to copy styles from, must be the same length.
+        """
+        self._spans.extend(text._spans)
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        separator: str = "\n",
+        *,
+        include_separator: bool = False,
+        allow_blank: bool = False,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Split rich text in to lines, preserving styles.
+
+        Args:
+            separator (str, optional): String to split on. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            include_separator (bool, optional): Include the separator in the lines. Defaults to False.
+            allow_blank (bool, optional): Return a blank line if the text ends with a separator. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[RichText]: A list of rich text, one per line of the original.
+        """
+        assert separator, "separator must not be empty"
+
+        text = self.plain
+        if separator not in text:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        if include_separator:
+            lines = self.divide(
+                match.end() for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text)
+            )
+        else:
+
+            def flatten_spans() -> Iterable[int]:
+                for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text):
+                    start, end = match.span()
+                    yield start
+                    yield end
+
+            lines = Lines(
+                line for line in self.divide(flatten_spans()) if line.plain != separator
+            )
+
+        if not allow_blank and text.endswith(separator):
+            lines.pop()
+
+        return lines
+
+    def divide(self, offsets: Iterable[int]) -> Lines:
+        """Divide text in to a number of lines at given offsets.
+
+        Args:
+            offsets (Iterable[int]): Offsets used to divide text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: New RichText instances between offsets.
+        """
+        _offsets = list(offsets)
+
+        if not _offsets:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        text = self.plain
+        text_length = len(text)
+        divide_offsets = [0, *_offsets, text_length]
+        line_ranges = list(zip(divide_offsets, divide_offsets[1:]))
+
+        style = self.style
+        justify = self.justify
+        overflow = self.overflow
+        _Text = Text
+        new_lines = Lines(
+            _Text(
+                text[start:end],
+                style=style,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+            )
+            for start, end in line_ranges
+        )
+        if not self._spans:
+            return new_lines
+
+        _line_appends = [line._spans.append for line in new_lines._lines]
+        line_count = len(line_ranges)
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for span_start, span_end, style in self._spans:
+            lower_bound = 0
+            upper_bound = line_count
+            start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            while True:
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[start_line_no]
+                if span_start < line_start:
+                    upper_bound = start_line_no - 1
+                elif span_start > line_end:
+                    lower_bound = start_line_no + 1
+                else:
+                    break
+                start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            if span_end < line_end:
+                end_line_no = start_line_no
+            else:
+                end_line_no = lower_bound = start_line_no
+                upper_bound = line_count
+
+                while True:
+                    line_start, line_end = line_ranges[end_line_no]
+                    if span_end < line_start:
+                        upper_bound = end_line_no - 1
+                    elif span_end > line_end:
+                        lower_bound = end_line_no + 1
+                    else:
+                        break
+                    end_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            for line_no in range(start_line_no, end_line_no + 1):
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[line_no]
+                new_start = max(0, span_start - line_start)
+                new_end = min(span_end - line_start, line_end - line_start)
+                if new_end > new_start:
+                    _line_appends[line_no](_Span(new_start, new_end, style))
+
+        return new_lines
+
+    def right_crop(self, amount: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Remove a number of characters from the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain) - amount
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+        self._text = [self.plain[:-amount]]
+        self._length -= amount
+
+    def wrap(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Word wrap the text.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of cells available per line.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to "default".
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Default tab size. Defaults to 8.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable wrapping, Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Number of lines.
+        """
+        wrap_justify = justify or self.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+        wrap_overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        no_wrap = pick_bool(no_wrap, self.no_wrap, False) or overflow == "ignore"
+
+        lines = Lines()
+        for line in self.split(allow_blank=True):
+            if "\t" in line:
+                line.expand_tabs(tab_size)
+            if no_wrap:
+                new_lines = Lines([line])
+            else:
+                offsets = divide_line(str(line), width, fold=wrap_overflow == "fold")
+                new_lines = line.divide(offsets)
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.rstrip_end(width)
+            if wrap_justify:
+                new_lines.justify(
+                    console, width, justify=wrap_justify, overflow=wrap_overflow
+                )
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=wrap_overflow)
+            lines.extend(new_lines)
+        return lines
+
+    def fit(self, width: int) -> Lines:
+        """Fit the text in to given width by chopping in to lines.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum characters in a line.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Lines container.
+        """
+        lines: Lines = Lines()
+        append = lines.append
+        for line in self.split():
+            line.set_length(width)
+            append(line)
+        return lines
+
+    def detect_indentation(self) -> int:
+        """Auto-detect indentation of code.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of spaces used to indent code.
+        """
+
+        _indentations = {
+            len(match.group(1))
+            for match in re.finditer(r"^( *)(.*)$", self.plain, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+        }
+
+        try:
+            indentation = (
+                reduce(gcd, [indent for indent in _indentations if not indent % 2]) or 1
+            )
+        except TypeError:
+            indentation = 1
+
+        return indentation
+
+    def with_indent_guides(
+        self,
+        indent_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        character: str = "│",
+        style: StyleType = "dim green",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Adds indent guide lines to text.
+
+        Args:
+            indent_size (Optional[int]): Size of indentation, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+            character (str, optional): Character to use for indentation. Defaults to "│".
+            style (Union[Style, str], optional): Style of indent guides.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: New text with indentation guides.
+        """
+
+        _indent_size = self.detect_indentation() if indent_size is None else indent_size
+
+        text = self.copy()
+        text.expand_tabs()
+        indent_line = f"{character}{' ' * (_indent_size - 1)}"
+
+        re_indent = re.compile(r"^( *)(.*)$")
+        new_lines: List[Text] = []
+        add_line = new_lines.append
+        blank_lines = 0
+        for line in text.split(allow_blank=True):
+            match = re_indent.match(line.plain)
+            if not match or not match.group(2):
+                blank_lines += 1
+                continue
+            indent = match.group(1)
+            full_indents, remaining_space = divmod(len(indent), _indent_size)
+            new_indent = f"{indent_line * full_indents}{' ' * remaining_space}"
+            line.plain = new_indent + line.plain[len(new_indent) :]
+            line.stylize(style, 0, len(new_indent))
+            if blank_lines:
+                new_lines.extend([Text(new_indent, style=style)] * blank_lines)
+                blank_lines = 0
+            add_line(line)
+        if blank_lines:
+            new_lines.extend([Text("", style=style)] * blank_lines)
+
+        new_text = text.blank_copy("\n").join(new_lines)
+        return new_text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    text = Text(
+        """\nLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.\n"""
+    )
+    text.highlight_words(["Lorem"], "bold")
+    text.highlight_words(["ipsum"], "italic")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("justify='left'")
+    console.print(text, style="red")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='center'")
+    console.print(text, style="green", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='right'")
+    console.print(text, style="blue", justify="right")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='full'")
+    console.print(text, style="magenta", justify="full")
+    console.print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..471dfb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import configparser
+from typing import Dict, List, IO, Mapping, Optional
+
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+
+class Theme:
+    """A container for style information, used by :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+
+    Args:
+        styles (Dict[str, Style], optional): A mapping of style names on to styles. Defaults to None for a theme with no styles.
+        inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    styles: Dict[str, Style]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, styles: Optional[Mapping[str, StyleType]] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ):
+        self.styles = DEFAULT_STYLES.copy() if inherit else {}
+        if styles is not None:
+            self.styles.update(
+                {
+                    name: style if isinstance(style, Style) else Style.parse(style)
+                    for name, style in styles.items()
+                }
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def config(self) -> str:
+        """Get contents of a config file for this theme."""
+        config = "[styles]\n" + "\n".join(
+            f"{name} = {style}" for name, style in sorted(self.styles.items())
+        )
+        return config
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_file(
+        cls, config_file: IO[str], source: Optional[str] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Load a theme from a text mode file.
+
+        Args:
+            config_file (IO[str]): An open conf file.
+            source (str, optional): The filename of the open file. Defaults to None.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A New theme instance.
+        """
+        config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read_file(config_file, source=source)
+        styles = {name: Style.parse(value) for name, value in config.items("styles")}
+        theme = Theme(styles, inherit=inherit)
+        return theme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def read(
+        cls, path: str, inherit: bool = True, encoding: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Read a theme from a path.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to a config file readable by Python configparser module.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+            encoding (str, optional): Encoding of the config file. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A new theme instance.
+        """
+        with open(path, "rt", encoding=encoding) as config_file:
+            return cls.from_file(config_file, source=path, inherit=inherit)
+
+
+class ThemeStackError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for errors related to the theme stack."""
+
+
+class ThemeStack:
+    """A stack of themes.
+
+    Args:
+        theme (Theme): A theme instance
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Theme) -> None:
+        self._entries: List[Dict[str, Style]] = [theme.styles]
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a theme on the top of the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A Theme instance.
+            inherit (boolean, optional): Inherit styles from current top of stack.
+        """
+        styles: Dict[str, Style]
+        styles = (
+            {**self._entries[-1], **theme.styles} if inherit else theme.styles.copy()
+        )
+        self._entries.append(styles)
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Pop (and discard) the top-most theme."""
+        if len(self._entries) == 1:
+            raise ThemeStackError("Unable to pop base theme")
+        self._entries.pop()
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    theme = Theme()
+    print(theme.config)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf6db10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .theme import Theme
+
+
+DEFAULT = Theme(DEFAULT_STYLES)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f223ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import linecache
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from traceback import walk_tb
+from types import ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Number, Operator, String
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text as TextToken
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from . import pretty
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .columns import Columns
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, ConsoleRenderable, RenderResult, group
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .highlighter import RegexHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .style import Style
+from .syntax import Syntax
+from .text import Text
+from .theme import Theme
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH = 10
+LOCALS_MAX_STRING = 80
+
+
+def install(
+    *,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    width: Optional[int] = 100,
+    extra_lines: int = 3,
+    theme: Optional[str] = None,
+    word_wrap: bool = False,
+    show_locals: bool = False,
+    locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+    locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+    locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+    locals_hide_sunder: Optional[bool] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+    max_frames: int = 100,
+) -> Callable[[Type[BaseException], BaseException, Optional[TracebackType]], Any]:
+    """Install a rich traceback handler.
+
+    Once installed, any tracebacks will be printed with syntax highlighting and rich formatting.
+
+
+    Args:
+        console (Optional[Console], optional): Console to write exception to. Default uses internal Console instance.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Width (in characters) of traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Extra lines of code. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (Optional[str], optional): Pygments theme to use in traceback. Defaults to ``None`` which will pick
+            a theme appropriate for the platform.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable: The previous exception handler that was replaced.
+
+    """
+    traceback_console = Console(stderr=True) if console is None else console
+
+    locals_hide_sunder = (
+        True
+        if (traceback_console.is_jupyter and locals_hide_sunder is None)
+        else locals_hide_sunder
+    )
+
+    def excepthook(
+        type_: Type[BaseException],
+        value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        traceback_console.print(
+            Traceback.from_exception(
+                type_,
+                value,
+                traceback,
+                width=width,
+                extra_lines=extra_lines,
+                theme=theme,
+                word_wrap=word_wrap,
+                show_locals=show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+                locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+                locals_hide_sunder=bool(locals_hide_sunder),
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                suppress=suppress,
+                max_frames=max_frames,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def ipy_excepthook_closure(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        tb_data = {}  # store information about showtraceback call
+        default_showtraceback = ip.showtraceback  # keep reference of default traceback
+
+        def ipy_show_traceback(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            """wrap the default ip.showtraceback to store info for ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            tb_data = kwargs
+            default_showtraceback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        def ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args: Any, is_syntax: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> None:
+            """Internally called traceback from ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            exc_tuple = ip._get_exc_info()
+
+            # do not display trace on syntax error
+            tb: Optional[TracebackType] = None if is_syntax else exc_tuple[2]
+
+            # determine correct tb_offset
+            compiled = tb_data.get("running_compiled_code", False)
+            tb_offset = tb_data.get("tb_offset", 1 if compiled else 0)
+            # remove ipython internal frames from trace with tb_offset
+            for _ in range(tb_offset):
+                if tb is None:
+                    break
+                tb = tb.tb_next
+
+            excepthook(exc_tuple[0], exc_tuple[1], tb)
+            tb_data = {}  # clear data upon usage
+
+        # replace _showtraceback instead of showtraceback to allow ipython features such as debugging to work
+        # this is also what the ipython docs recommends to modify when subclassing InteractiveShell
+        ip._showtraceback = ipy_display_traceback
+        # add wrapper to capture tb_data
+        ip.showtraceback = ipy_show_traceback
+        ip.showsyntaxerror = lambda *args, **kwargs: ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args, is_syntax=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    try:  # pragma: no cover
+        # if within ipython, use customized traceback
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        ipy_excepthook_closure(ip)
+        return sys.excepthook
+    except Exception:
+        # otherwise use default system hook
+        old_excepthook = sys.excepthook
+        sys.excepthook = excepthook
+        return old_excepthook
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Frame:
+    filename: str
+    lineno: int
+    name: str
+    line: str = ""
+    locals: Optional[Dict[str, pretty.Node]] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SyntaxError:
+    offset: int
+    filename: str
+    line: str
+    lineno: int
+    msg: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Stack:
+    exc_type: str
+    exc_value: str
+    syntax_error: Optional[_SyntaxError] = None
+    is_cause: bool = False
+    frames: List[Frame] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Trace:
+    stacks: List[Stack]
+
+
+class PathHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    highlights = [r"(?P<dim>.*/)(?P<bold>.+)"]
+
+
+class Traceback:
+    """A Console renderable that renders a traceback.
+
+    Args:
+        trace (Trace, optional): A `Trace` object produced from `extract`. Defaults to None, which uses
+            the last exception.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+    """
+
+    LEXERS = {
+        "": "text",
+        ".py": "python",
+        ".pxd": "cython",
+        ".pyx": "cython",
+        ".pxi": "pyrex",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        trace: Optional[Trace] = None,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ):
+        if trace is None:
+            exc_type, exc_value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+            if exc_type is None or exc_value is None or traceback is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Value for 'trace' required if not called in except: block"
+                )
+            trace = self.extract(
+                exc_type, exc_value, traceback, show_locals=show_locals
+            )
+        self.trace = trace
+        self.width = width
+        self.extra_lines = extra_lines
+        self.theme = Syntax.get_theme(theme or "ansi_dark")
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.show_locals = show_locals
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.locals_hide_dunder = locals_hide_dunder
+        self.locals_hide_sunder = locals_hide_sunder
+
+        self.suppress: Sequence[str] = []
+        for suppress_entity in suppress:
+            if not isinstance(suppress_entity, str):
+                assert (
+                    suppress_entity.__file__ is not None
+                ), f"{suppress_entity!r} must be a module with '__file__' attribute"
+                path = os.path.dirname(suppress_entity.__file__)
+            else:
+                path = suppress_entity
+            path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+            self.suppress.append(path)
+        self.max_frames = max(4, max_frames) if max_frames > 0 else 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_exception(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[Any],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> "Traceback":
+        """Create a traceback from exception info
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+        Returns:
+            Traceback: A Traceback instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        rich_traceback = cls.extract(
+            exc_type,
+            exc_value,
+            traceback,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            rich_traceback,
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def extract(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+    ) -> Trace:
+        """Extract traceback information.
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Trace: A Trace instance which you can use to construct a `Traceback`.
+        """
+
+        stacks: List[Stack] = []
+        is_cause = False
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich import _IMPORT_CWD
+
+        def safe_str(_object: Any) -> str:
+            """Don't allow exceptions from __str__ to propagate."""
+            try:
+                return str(_object)
+            except Exception:
+                return "<exception str() failed>"
+
+        while True:
+            stack = Stack(
+                exc_type=safe_str(exc_type.__name__),
+                exc_value=safe_str(exc_value),
+                is_cause=is_cause,
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(exc_value, SyntaxError):
+                stack.syntax_error = _SyntaxError(
+                    offset=exc_value.offset or 0,
+                    filename=exc_value.filename or "?",
+                    lineno=exc_value.lineno or 0,
+                    line=exc_value.text or "",
+                    msg=exc_value.msg,
+                )
+
+            stacks.append(stack)
+            append = stack.frames.append
+
+            def get_locals(
+                iter_locals: Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]
+            ) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]:
+                """Extract locals from an iterator of key pairs."""
+                if not (locals_hide_dunder or locals_hide_sunder):
+                    yield from iter_locals
+                    return
+                for key, value in iter_locals:
+                    if locals_hide_dunder and key.startswith("__"):
+                        continue
+                    if locals_hide_sunder and key.startswith("_"):
+                        continue
+                    yield key, value
+
+            for frame_summary, line_no in walk_tb(traceback):
+                filename = frame_summary.f_code.co_filename
+                if filename and not filename.startswith("<"):
+                    if not os.path.isabs(filename):
+                        filename = os.path.join(_IMPORT_CWD, filename)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_omit", False):
+                    continue
+
+                frame = Frame(
+                    filename=filename or "?",
+                    lineno=line_no,
+                    name=frame_summary.f_code.co_name,
+                    locals={
+                        key: pretty.traverse(
+                            value,
+                            max_length=locals_max_length,
+                            max_string=locals_max_string,
+                        )
+                        for key, value in get_locals(frame_summary.f_locals.items())
+                    }
+                    if show_locals
+                    else None,
+                )
+                append(frame)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_guard", False):
+                    del stack.frames[:]
+
+            cause = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", None)
+            if cause:
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                # __traceback__ can be None, e.g. for exceptions raised by the
+                # 'multiprocessing' module
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = True
+                continue
+
+            cause = exc_value.__context__
+            if cause and not getattr(exc_value, "__suppress_context__", False):
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = False
+                continue
+            # No cover, code is reached but coverage doesn't recognize it.
+            break  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trace = Trace(stacks=stacks)
+        return trace
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        theme = self.theme
+        background_style = theme.get_background_style()
+        token_style = theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        traceback_theme = Theme(
+            {
+                "pretty": token_style(TextToken),
+                "pygments.text": token_style(Token),
+                "pygments.string": token_style(String),
+                "pygments.function": token_style(Name.Function),
+                "pygments.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.indent": token_style(Comment) + Style(dim=True),
+                "repr.str": token_style(String),
+                "repr.brace": token_style(TextToken) + Style(bold=True),
+                "repr.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.bool_true": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.bool_false": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.none": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "scope.border": token_style(String.Delimiter),
+                "scope.equals": token_style(Operator),
+                "scope.key": token_style(Name),
+                "scope.key.special": token_style(Name.Constant) + Style(dim=True),
+            },
+            inherit=False,
+        )
+
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        for last, stack in loop_last(reversed(self.trace.stacks)):
+            if stack.frames:
+                stack_renderable: ConsoleRenderable = Panel(
+                    self._render_stack(stack),
+                    title="[traceback.title]Traceback [dim](most recent call last)",
+                    style=background_style,
+                    border_style="traceback.border",
+                    expand=True,
+                    padding=(0, 1),
+                )
+                stack_renderable = Constrain(stack_renderable, self.width)
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield stack_renderable
+            if stack.syntax_error is not None:
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield Constrain(
+                        Panel(
+                            self._render_syntax_error(stack.syntax_error),
+                            style=background_style,
+                            border_style="traceback.border.syntax_error",
+                            expand=True,
+                            padding=(0, 1),
+                            width=self.width,
+                        ),
+                        self.width,
+                    )
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.syntax_error.msg),
+                )
+            elif stack.exc_value:
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.exc_value),
+                )
+            else:
+                yield Text.assemble((f"{stack.exc_type}", "traceback.exc_type"))
+
+            if not last:
+                if stack.is_cause:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
+                    )
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_syntax_error(self, syntax_error: _SyntaxError) -> RenderResult:
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        if syntax_error.filename != "<stdin>":
+            if os.path.exists(syntax_error.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    (f" {syntax_error.filename}", "pygments.string"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(syntax_error.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+                yield path_highlighter(text)
+        syntax_error_text = highlighter(syntax_error.line.rstrip())
+        syntax_error_text.no_wrap = True
+        offset = min(syntax_error.offset - 1, len(syntax_error_text))
+        syntax_error_text.stylize("bold underline", offset, offset)
+        syntax_error_text += Text.from_markup(
+            "\n" + " " * offset + "[traceback.offset]▲[/]",
+            style="pygments.text",
+        )
+        yield syntax_error_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _guess_lexer(cls, filename: str, code: str) -> str:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1]
+        if not ext:
+            # No extension, look at first line to see if it is a hashbang
+            # Note, this is an educated guess and not a guarantee
+            # If it fails, the only downside is that the code is highlighted strangely
+            new_line_index = code.index("\n")
+            first_line = code[:new_line_index] if new_line_index != -1 else code
+            if first_line.startswith("#!") and "python" in first_line.lower():
+                return "python"
+        try:
+            return cls.LEXERS.get(ext) or guess_lexer_for_filename(filename, code).name
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return "text"
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_stack(self, stack: Stack) -> RenderResult:
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        theme = self.theme
+
+        def read_code(filename: str) -> str:
+            """Read files, and cache results on filename.
+
+            Args:
+                filename (str): Filename to read
+
+            Returns:
+                str: Contents of file
+            """
+            return "".join(linecache.getlines(filename))
+
+        def render_locals(frame: Frame) -> Iterable[ConsoleRenderable]:
+            if frame.locals:
+                yield render_scope(
+                    frame.locals,
+                    title="locals",
+                    indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                    max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                    max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                )
+
+        exclude_frames: Optional[range] = None
+        if self.max_frames != 0:
+            exclude_frames = range(
+                self.max_frames // 2,
+                len(stack.frames) - self.max_frames // 2,
+            )
+
+        excluded = False
+        for frame_index, frame in enumerate(stack.frames):
+            if exclude_frames and frame_index in exclude_frames:
+                excluded = True
+                continue
+
+            if excluded:
+                assert exclude_frames is not None
+                yield Text(
+                    f"\n... {len(exclude_frames)} frames hidden ...",
+                    justify="center",
+                    style="traceback.error",
+                )
+                excluded = False
+
+            first = frame_index == 0
+            frame_filename = frame.filename
+            suppressed = any(frame_filename.startswith(path) for path in self.suppress)
+
+            if os.path.exists(frame.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    path_highlighter(Text(frame.filename, style="pygments.string")),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    " in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            else:
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    "in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            if not frame.filename.startswith("<") and not first:
+                yield ""
+            yield text
+            if frame.filename.startswith("<"):
+                yield from render_locals(frame)
+                continue
+            if not suppressed:
+                try:
+                    code = read_code(frame.filename)
+                    if not code:
+                        # code may be an empty string if the file doesn't exist, OR
+                        # if the traceback filename is generated dynamically
+                        continue
+                    lexer_name = self._guess_lexer(frame.filename, code)
+                    syntax = Syntax(
+                        code,
+                        lexer_name,
+                        theme=theme,
+                        line_numbers=True,
+                        line_range=(
+                            frame.lineno - self.extra_lines,
+                            frame.lineno + self.extra_lines,
+                        ),
+                        highlight_lines={frame.lineno},
+                        word_wrap=self.word_wrap,
+                        code_width=88,
+                        indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                        dedent=False,
+                    )
+                    yield ""
+                except Exception as error:
+                    yield Text.assemble(
+                        (f"\n{error}", "traceback.error"),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield (
+                        Columns(
+                            [
+                                syntax,
+                                *render_locals(frame),
+                            ],
+                            padding=1,
+                        )
+                        if frame.locals
+                        else syntax
+                    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    import sys
+
+    def bar(a: Any) -> None:  # 这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑
+        one = 1
+        print(one / a)
+
+    def foo(a: Any) -> None:
+        _rich_traceback_guard = True
+        zed = {
+            "characters": {
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+                "Duncan Idaho",
+            },
+            "atomic_types": (None, False, True),
+        }
+        bar(a)
+
+    def error() -> None:
+        try:
+            try:
+                foo(0)
+            except:
+                slfkjsldkfj  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        except:
+            console.print_exception(show_locals=True)
+
+    error()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64bc75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._loop import loop_first, loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleStack, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+
+
+class Tree(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable for a tree structure.
+
+    Args:
+        label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+        guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+        expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: StyleType = "tree",
+        guide_style: StyleType = "tree.line",
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: bool = False,
+        hide_root: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.label = label
+        self.style = style
+        self.guide_style = guide_style
+        self.children: List[Tree] = []
+        self.expanded = expanded
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.hide_root = hide_root
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        guide_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> "Tree":
+        """Add a child tree.
+
+        Args:
+            label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+            guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+            expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tree: A new child Tree, which may be further modified.
+        """
+        node = Tree(
+            label,
+            style=self.style if style is None else style,
+            guide_style=self.guide_style if guide_style is None else guide_style,
+            expanded=expanded,
+            highlight=self.highlight if highlight is None else highlight,
+        )
+        self.children.append(node)
+        return node
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tuple[bool, Tree]]] = []
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        null_style = Style.null()
+        guide_style = get_style(self.guide_style, default="") or null_style
+        SPACE, CONTINUE, FORK, END = range(4)
+
+        ASCII_GUIDES = ("    ", "|   ", "+-- ", "`-- ")
+        TREE_GUIDES = [
+            ("    ", "│   ", "├── ", "└── "),
+            ("    ", "┃   ", "┣━━ ", "┗━━ "),
+            ("    ", "║   ", "╠══ ", "╚══ "),
+        ]
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        def make_guide(index: int, style: Style) -> Segment:
+            """Make a Segment for a level of the guide lines."""
+            if options.ascii_only:
+                line = ASCII_GUIDES[index]
+            else:
+                guide = 1 if style.bold else (2 if style.underline2 else 0)
+                line = TREE_GUIDES[0 if options.legacy_windows else guide][index]
+            return _Segment(line, style)
+
+        levels: List[Segment] = [make_guide(CONTINUE, guide_style)]
+        push(iter(loop_last([self])))
+
+        guide_style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.guide_style))
+        style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.style))
+        remove_guide_styles = Style(bold=False, underline2=False)
+
+        depth = 0
+
+        while stack:
+            stack_node = pop()
+            try:
+                last, node = next(stack_node)
+            except StopIteration:
+                levels.pop()
+                if levels:
+                    guide_style = levels[-1].style or null_style
+                    levels[-1] = make_guide(FORK, guide_style)
+                    guide_style_stack.pop()
+                    style_stack.pop()
+                continue
+            push(stack_node)
+            if last:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(END, levels[-1].style or null_style)
+
+            guide_style = guide_style_stack.current + get_style(node.guide_style)
+            style = style_stack.current + get_style(node.style)
+            prefix = levels[(2 if self.hide_root else 1) :]
+            renderable_lines = console.render_lines(
+                Styled(node.label, style),
+                options.update(
+                    width=options.max_width
+                    - sum(level.cell_length for level in prefix),
+                    highlight=self.highlight,
+                    height=None,
+                ),
+                pad=options.justify is not None,
+            )
+
+            if not (depth == 0 and self.hide_root):
+                for first, line in loop_first(renderable_lines):
+                    if prefix:
+                        yield from _Segment.apply_style(
+                            prefix,
+                            style.background_style,
+                            post_style=remove_guide_styles,
+                        )
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+                    if first and prefix:
+                        prefix[-1] = make_guide(
+                            SPACE if last else CONTINUE, prefix[-1].style or null_style
+                        )
+
+            if node.expanded and node.children:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(
+                    SPACE if last else CONTINUE, levels[-1].style or null_style
+                )
+                levels.append(
+                    make_guide(END if len(node.children) == 1 else FORK, guide_style)
+                )
+                style_stack.push(get_style(node.style))
+                guide_style_stack.push(get_style(node.guide_style))
+                push(iter(loop_last(node.children)))
+                depth += 1
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tree]] = [iter([self])]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        minimum = 0
+        maximum = 0
+        measure = Measurement.get
+        level = 0
+        while stack:
+            iter_tree = pop()
+            try:
+                tree = next(iter_tree)
+            except StopIteration:
+                level -= 1
+                continue
+            push(iter_tree)
+            min_measure, max_measure = measure(console, options, tree.label)
+            indent = level * 4
+            minimum = max(min_measure + indent, minimum)
+            maximum = max(max_measure + indent, maximum)
+            if tree.expanded and tree.children:
+                push(iter(tree.children))
+                level += 1
+        return Measurement(minimum, maximum)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    table = Table(row_styles=["", "dim"])
+
+    table.add_column("Released", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
+    table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+    table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+    table.add_row("Dec 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$952,110,690")
+    table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+    table.add_row("Dec 15, 2017", "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi", "$1,332,539,889")
+    table.add_row("Dec 16, 2016", "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story", "$1,332,439,889")
+
+    code = """\
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    text: str = ""
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    is_control: bool = False
+"""
+    syntax = Syntax(code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)
+
+    markdown = Markdown(
+        """\
+### example.md
+> Hello, World!
+>
+> Markdown _all_ the things
+"""
+    )
+
+    root = Tree("🌲 [b green]Rich Tree", highlight=True, hide_root=True)
+
+    node = root.add(":file_folder: Renderables", guide_style="red")
+    simple_node = node.add(":file_folder: [bold yellow]Atomic", guide_style="uu green")
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Syntax", syntax))
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Markdown", Panel(markdown, border_style="green")))
+
+    containers_node = node.add(
+        ":file_folder: [bold magenta]Containers", guide_style="bold magenta"
+    )
+    containers_node.expanded = True
+    panel = Panel.fit("Just a panel", border_style="red")
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 Panels", panel))
+
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 [b magenta]Table", table))
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.print(root)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c6ec97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+__all__ = ("loads", "load", "TOMLDecodeError")
+__version__ = "2.0.1"  # DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE MANUALLY. LET bump2version UTILITY DO IT
+
+from ._parser import TOMLDecodeError, load, loads
+
+# Pretend this exception was created here.
+TOMLDecodeError.__module__ = __name__
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
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+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import string
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, NamedTuple
+
+from ._re import (
+    RE_DATETIME,
+    RE_LOCALTIME,
+    RE_NUMBER,
+    match_to_datetime,
+    match_to_localtime,
+    match_to_number,
+)
+from ._types import Key, ParseFloat, Pos
+
+ASCII_CTRL = frozenset(chr(i) for i in range(32)) | frozenset(chr(127))
+
+# Neither of these sets include quotation mark or backslash. They are
+# currently handled as separate cases in the parser functions.
+ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t")
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t\n")
+
+ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+TOML_WS = frozenset(" \t")
+TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE = TOML_WS | frozenset("\n")
+BARE_KEY_CHARS = frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-_")
+KEY_INITIAL_CHARS = BARE_KEY_CHARS | frozenset("\"'")
+HEXDIGIT_CHARS = frozenset(string.hexdigits)
+
+BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = MappingProxyType(
+    {
+        "\\b": "\u0008",  # backspace
+        "\\t": "\u0009",  # tab
+        "\\n": "\u000A",  # linefeed
+        "\\f": "\u000C",  # form feed
+        "\\r": "\u000D",  # carriage return
+        '\\"': "\u0022",  # quote
+        "\\\\": "\u005C",  # backslash
+    }
+)
+
+
+class TOMLDecodeError(ValueError):
+    """An error raised if a document is not valid TOML."""
+
+
+def load(__fp: BinaryIO, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse TOML from a binary file object."""
+    b = __fp.read()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode()
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "File must be opened in binary mode, e.g. use `open('foo.toml', 'rb')`"
+        ) from None
+    return loads(s, parse_float=parse_float)
+
+
+def loads(__s: str, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:  # noqa: C901
+    """Parse TOML from a string."""
+
+    # The spec allows converting "\r\n" to "\n", even in string
+    # literals. Let's do so to simplify parsing.
+    src = __s.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+    pos = 0
+    out = Output(NestedDict(), Flags())
+    header: Key = ()
+    parse_float = make_safe_parse_float(parse_float)
+
+    # Parse one statement at a time
+    # (typically means one line in TOML source)
+    while True:
+        # 1. Skip line leading whitespace
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+        # 2. Parse rules. Expect one of the following:
+        #    - end of file
+        #    - end of line
+        #    - comment
+        #    - key/value pair
+        #    - append dict to list (and move to its namespace)
+        #    - create dict (and move to its namespace)
+        # Skip trailing whitespace when applicable.
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char == "\n":
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char in KEY_INITIAL_CHARS:
+            pos = key_value_rule(src, pos, out, header, parse_float)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char == "[":
+            try:
+                second_char: str | None = src[pos + 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                second_char = None
+            out.flags.finalize_pending()
+            if second_char == "[":
+                pos, header = create_list_rule(src, pos, out)
+            else:
+                pos, header = create_dict_rule(src, pos, out)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char != "#":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid statement")
+
+        # 3. Skip comment
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+
+        # 4. Expect end of line or end of file
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char != "\n":
+            raise suffixed_err(
+                src, pos, "Expected newline or end of document after a statement"
+            )
+        pos += 1
+
+    return out.data.dict
+
+
+class Flags:
+    """Flags that map to parsed keys/namespaces."""
+
+    # Marks an immutable namespace (inline array or inline table).
+    FROZEN = 0
+    # Marks a nest that has been explicitly created and can no longer
+    # be opened using the "[table]" syntax.
+    EXPLICIT_NEST = 1
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._flags: dict[str, dict] = {}
+        self._pending_flags: set[tuple[Key, int]] = set()
+
+    def add_pending(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> None:
+        self._pending_flags.add((key, flag))
+
+    def finalize_pending(self) -> None:
+        for key, flag in self._pending_flags:
+            self.set(key, flag, recursive=False)
+        self._pending_flags.clear()
+
+    def unset_all(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        cont.pop(key[-1], None)
+
+    def set(self, key: Key, flag: int, *, recursive: bool) -> None:  # noqa: A003
+        cont = self._flags
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        for k in key_parent:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        if key_stem not in cont:
+            cont[key_stem] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+        cont[key_stem]["recursive_flags" if recursive else "flags"].add(flag)
+
+    def is_(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> bool:
+        if not key:
+            return False  # document root has no flags
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return False
+            inner_cont = cont[k]
+            if flag in inner_cont["recursive_flags"]:
+                return True
+            cont = inner_cont["nested"]
+        key_stem = key[-1]
+        if key_stem in cont:
+            cont = cont[key_stem]
+            return flag in cont["flags"] or flag in cont["recursive_flags"]
+        return False
+
+
+class NestedDict:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # The parsed content of the TOML document
+        self.dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def get_or_create_nest(
+        self,
+        key: Key,
+        *,
+        access_lists: bool = True,
+    ) -> dict:
+        cont: Any = self.dict
+        for k in key:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {}
+            cont = cont[k]
+            if access_lists and isinstance(cont, list):
+                cont = cont[-1]
+            if not isinstance(cont, dict):
+                raise KeyError("There is no nest behind this key")
+        return cont
+
+    def append_nest_to_list(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self.get_or_create_nest(key[:-1])
+        last_key = key[-1]
+        if last_key in cont:
+            list_ = cont[last_key]
+            if not isinstance(list_, list):
+                raise KeyError("An object other than list found behind this key")
+            list_.append({})
+        else:
+            cont[last_key] = [{}]
+
+
+class Output(NamedTuple):
+    data: NestedDict
+    flags: Flags
+
+
+def skip_chars(src: str, pos: Pos, chars: Iterable[str]) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        while src[pos] in chars:
+            pos += 1
+    except IndexError:
+        pass
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_until(
+    src: str,
+    pos: Pos,
+    expect: str,
+    *,
+    error_on: frozenset[str],
+    error_on_eof: bool,
+) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        new_pos = src.index(expect, pos)
+    except ValueError:
+        new_pos = len(src)
+        if error_on_eof:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, new_pos, f"Expected {expect!r}") from None
+
+    if not error_on.isdisjoint(src[pos:new_pos]):
+        while src[pos] not in error_on:
+            pos += 1
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Found invalid character {src[pos]!r}")
+    return new_pos
+
+
+def skip_comment(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char == "#":
+        return skip_until(
+            src, pos + 1, "\n", error_on=ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS, error_on_eof=False
+        )
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_comments_and_array_ws(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    while True:
+        pos_before_skip = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+        if pos == pos_before_skip:
+            return pos
+
+
+def create_dict_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip "["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST) or out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot declare {key} twice")
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.get_or_create_nest(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']' at the end of a table declaration")
+    return pos + 1, key
+
+
+def create_list_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 2  # Skip "[["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+    # Free the namespace now that it points to another empty list item...
+    out.flags.unset_all(key)
+    # ...but this key precisely is still prohibited from table declaration
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.append_nest_to_list(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']]' at the end of an array declaration")
+    return pos + 2, key
+
+
+def key_value_rule(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output, header: Key, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> Pos:
+    pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+    key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+    abs_key_parent = header + key_parent
+
+    relative_path_cont_keys = (header + key[:i] for i in range(1, len(key)))
+    for cont_key in relative_path_cont_keys:
+        # Check that dotted key syntax does not redefine an existing table
+        if out.flags.is_(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot redefine namespace {cont_key}")
+        # Containers in the relative path can't be opened with the table syntax or
+        # dotted key/value syntax in following table sections.
+        out.flags.add_pending(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(abs_key_parent, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(
+            src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {abs_key_parent}"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        nest = out.data.get_or_create_nest(abs_key_parent)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+    if key_stem in nest:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value")
+    # Mark inline table and array namespaces recursively immutable
+    if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+        out.flags.set(header + key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+    nest[key_stem] = value
+    return pos
+
+
+def parse_key_value_pair(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Key, Any]:
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char != "=":
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected '=' after a key in a key/value pair")
+    pos += 1
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, value = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+    return pos, key, value
+
+
+def parse_key(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+    key: Key = (key_part,)
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char: str | None = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            char = None
+        if char != ".":
+            return pos, key
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+        key += (key_part,)
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_key_part(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char in BARE_KEY_CHARS:
+        start_pos = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, BARE_KEY_CHARS)
+        return pos, src[start_pos:pos]
+    if char == "'":
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+    if char == '"':
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid initial character for a key part")
+
+
+def parse_one_line_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1
+    return parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=False)
+
+
+def parse_array(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, list]:
+    pos += 1
+    array: list = []
+
+    pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+    if src.startswith("]", pos):
+        return pos + 1, array
+    while True:
+        pos, val = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+        array.append(val)
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "]":
+            return pos + 1, array
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed array")
+        pos += 1
+
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+        if src.startswith("]", pos):
+            return pos + 1, array
+
+
+def parse_inline_table(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, dict]:
+    pos += 1
+    nested_dict = NestedDict()
+    flags = Flags()
+
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    if src.startswith("}", pos):
+        return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+    while True:
+        pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        if flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+        try:
+            nest = nested_dict.get_or_create_nest(key_parent, access_lists=False)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+        if key_stem in nest:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Duplicate inline table key {key_stem!r}")
+        nest[key_stem] = value
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "}":
+            return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed inline table")
+        if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+            flags.set(key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool = False
+) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    escape_id = src[pos : pos + 2]
+    pos += 2
+    if multiline and escape_id in {"\\ ", "\\\t", "\\\n"}:
+        # Skip whitespace until next non-whitespace character or end of
+        # the doc. Error if non-whitespace is found before newline.
+        if escape_id != "\\\n":
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+            try:
+                char = src[pos]
+            except IndexError:
+                return pos, ""
+            if char != "\n":
+                raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string")
+            pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        return pos, ""
+    if escape_id == "\\u":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 4)
+    if escape_id == "\\U":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 8)
+    try:
+        return pos, BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[escape_id]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string") from None
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape_multiline(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    return parse_basic_str_escape(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+
+def parse_hex_char(src: str, pos: Pos, hex_len: int) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    hex_str = src[pos : pos + hex_len]
+    if len(hex_str) != hex_len or not HEXDIGIT_CHARS.issuperset(hex_str):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid hex value")
+    pos += hex_len
+    hex_int = int(hex_str, 16)
+    if not is_unicode_scalar_value(hex_int):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Escaped character is not a Unicode scalar value")
+    return pos, chr(hex_int)
+
+
+def parse_literal_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip starting apostrophe
+    start_pos = pos
+    pos = skip_until(
+        src, pos, "'", error_on=ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS, error_on_eof=True
+    )
+    return pos + 1, src[start_pos:pos]  # Skip ending apostrophe
+
+
+def parse_multiline_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, literal: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 3
+    if src.startswith("\n", pos):
+        pos += 1
+
+    if literal:
+        delim = "'"
+        end_pos = skip_until(
+            src,
+            pos,
+            "'''",
+            error_on=ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS,
+            error_on_eof=True,
+        )
+        result = src[pos:end_pos]
+        pos = end_pos + 3
+    else:
+        delim = '"'
+        pos, result = parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+    # Add at maximum two extra apostrophes/quotes if the end sequence
+    # is 4 or 5 chars long instead of just 3.
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result
+    pos += 1
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result + delim
+    pos += 1
+    return pos, result + (delim * 2)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    if multiline:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape_multiline
+    else:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape
+    result = ""
+    start_pos = pos
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unterminated string") from None
+        if char == '"':
+            if not multiline:
+                return pos + 1, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+                return pos + 3, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char == "\\":
+            result += src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos, parsed_escape = parse_escapes(src, pos)
+            result += parsed_escape
+            start_pos = pos
+            continue
+        if char in error_on:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Illegal character {char!r}")
+        pos += 1
+
+
+def parse_value(  # noqa: C901
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Any]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+
+    # IMPORTANT: order conditions based on speed of checking and likelihood
+
+    # Basic strings
+    if char == '"':
+        if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=False)
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Literal strings
+    if char == "'":
+        if src.startswith("'''", pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=True)
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Booleans
+    if char == "t":
+        if src.startswith("true", pos):
+            return pos + 4, True
+    if char == "f":
+        if src.startswith("false", pos):
+            return pos + 5, False
+
+    # Arrays
+    if char == "[":
+        return parse_array(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Inline tables
+    if char == "{":
+        return parse_inline_table(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Dates and times
+    datetime_match = RE_DATETIME.match(src, pos)
+    if datetime_match:
+        try:
+            datetime_obj = match_to_datetime(datetime_match)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid date or datetime") from e
+        return datetime_match.end(), datetime_obj
+    localtime_match = RE_LOCALTIME.match(src, pos)
+    if localtime_match:
+        return localtime_match.end(), match_to_localtime(localtime_match)
+
+    # Integers and "normal" floats.
+    # The regex will greedily match any type starting with a decimal
+    # char, so needs to be located after handling of dates and times.
+    number_match = RE_NUMBER.match(src, pos)
+    if number_match:
+        return number_match.end(), match_to_number(number_match, parse_float)
+
+    # Special floats
+    first_three = src[pos : pos + 3]
+    if first_three in {"inf", "nan"}:
+        return pos + 3, parse_float(first_three)
+    first_four = src[pos : pos + 4]
+    if first_four in {"-inf", "+inf", "-nan", "+nan"}:
+        return pos + 4, parse_float(first_four)
+
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid value")
+
+
+def suffixed_err(src: str, pos: Pos, msg: str) -> TOMLDecodeError:
+    """Return a `TOMLDecodeError` where error message is suffixed with
+    coordinates in source."""
+
+    def coord_repr(src: str, pos: Pos) -> str:
+        if pos >= len(src):
+            return "end of document"
+        line = src.count("\n", 0, pos) + 1
+        if line == 1:
+            column = pos + 1
+        else:
+            column = pos - src.rindex("\n", 0, pos)
+        return f"line {line}, column {column}"
+
+    return TOMLDecodeError(f"{msg} (at {coord_repr(src, pos)})")
+
+
+def is_unicode_scalar_value(codepoint: int) -> bool:
+    return (0 <= codepoint <= 55295) or (57344 <= codepoint <= 1114111)
+
+
+def make_safe_parse_float(parse_float: ParseFloat) -> ParseFloat:
+    """A decorator to make `parse_float` safe.
+
+    `parse_float` must not return dicts or lists, because these types
+    would be mixed with parsed TOML tables and arrays, thus confusing
+    the parser. The returned decorated callable raises `ValueError`
+    instead of returning illegal types.
+    """
+    # The default `float` callable never returns illegal types. Optimize it.
+    if parse_float is float:  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+        return float
+
+    def safe_parse_float(float_str: str) -> Any:
+        float_value = parse_float(float_str)
+        if isinstance(float_value, (dict, list)):
+            raise ValueError("parse_float must not return dicts or lists")
+        return float_value
+
+    return safe_parse_float
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994bb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone, tzinfo
+from functools import lru_cache
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from ._types import ParseFloat
+
+# E.g.
+# - 00:32:00.999999
+# - 00:32:00
+_TIME_RE_STR = r"([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]):([0-5][0-9])(?:\.([0-9]{1,6})[0-9]*)?"
+
+RE_NUMBER = re.compile(
+    r"""
+0
+(?:
+    x[0-9A-Fa-f](?:_?[0-9A-Fa-f])*   # hex
+    |
+    b[01](?:_?[01])*                 # bin
+    |
+    o[0-7](?:_?[0-7])*               # oct
+)
+|
+[+-]?(?:0|[1-9](?:_?[0-9])*)         # dec, integer part
+(?P<floatpart>
+    (?:\.[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?         # optional fractional part
+    (?:[eE][+-]?[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?  # optional exponent part
+)
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+RE_LOCALTIME = re.compile(_TIME_RE_STR)
+RE_DATETIME = re.compile(
+    rf"""
+([0-9]{{4}})-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])  # date, e.g. 1988-10-27
+(?:
+    [Tt ]
+    {_TIME_RE_STR}
+    (?:([Zz])|([+-])([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]))?  # optional time offset
+)?
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def match_to_datetime(match: re.Match) -> datetime | date:
+    """Convert a `RE_DATETIME` match to `datetime.datetime` or `datetime.date`.
+
+    Raises ValueError if the match does not correspond to a valid date
+    or datetime.
+    """
+    (
+        year_str,
+        month_str,
+        day_str,
+        hour_str,
+        minute_str,
+        sec_str,
+        micros_str,
+        zulu_time,
+        offset_sign_str,
+        offset_hour_str,
+        offset_minute_str,
+    ) = match.groups()
+    year, month, day = int(year_str), int(month_str), int(day_str)
+    if hour_str is None:
+        return date(year, month, day)
+    hour, minute, sec = int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str)
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    if offset_sign_str:
+        tz: tzinfo | None = cached_tz(
+            offset_hour_str, offset_minute_str, offset_sign_str
+        )
+    elif zulu_time:
+        tz = timezone.utc
+    else:  # local date-time
+        tz = None
+    return datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, micros, tzinfo=tz)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def cached_tz(hour_str: str, minute_str: str, sign_str: str) -> timezone:
+    sign = 1 if sign_str == "+" else -1
+    return timezone(
+        timedelta(
+            hours=sign * int(hour_str),
+            minutes=sign * int(minute_str),
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def match_to_localtime(match: re.Match) -> time:
+    hour_str, minute_str, sec_str, micros_str = match.groups()
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    return time(int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str), micros)
+
+
+def match_to_number(match: re.Match, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> Any:
+    if match.group("floatpart"):
+        return parse_float(match.group())
+    return int(match.group(), 0)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d949412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple
+
+# Type annotations
+ParseFloat = Callable[[str], Any]
+Key = Tuple[str, ...]
+Pos = int
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7632ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8636814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+"""Verify certificates using native system trust stores"""
+
+import sys as _sys
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    raise ImportError("truststore requires Python 3.10 or later")
+
+from ._api import SSLContext, extract_from_ssl, inject_into_ssl  # noqa: E402
+
+del _api, _sys  # type: ignore[name-defined] # noqa: F821
+
+__all__ = ["SSLContext", "inject_into_ssl", "extract_from_ssl"]
+__version__ = "0.9.1"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__pycache__/_windows.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__pycache__/_windows.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ea3b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+import os
+import platform
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+import _ssl  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
+from ._ssl_constants import (
+    _original_SSLContext,
+    _original_super_SSLContext,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class,
+)
+
+if platform.system() == "Windows":
+    from ._windows import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+elif platform.system() == "Darwin":
+    from ._macos import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+else:
+    from ._openssl import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+# From typeshed/stdlib/ssl.pyi
+_StrOrBytesPath: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes]
+_PasswordType: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | typing.Callable[[], str | bytes]
+
+
+def inject_into_ssl() -> None:
+    """Injects the :class:`truststore.SSLContext` into the ``ssl``
+    module by replacing :class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
+    """
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    # urllib3 holds on to its own reference of ssl.SSLContext
+    # so we need to replace that reference too.
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        setattr(urllib3_ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+def extract_from_ssl() -> None:
+    """Restores the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class to its original state"""
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", _original_SSLContext)
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        urllib3_ssl.SSLContext = _original_SSLContext  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SSLContext(_truststore_SSLContext_super_class):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """SSLContext API that uses system certificates on all platforms"""
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __class__(self) -> type:
+        # Dirty hack to get around isinstance() checks
+        # for ssl.SSLContext instances in aiohttp/trustme
+        # when using non-CPython implementations.
+        return _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class or SSLContext
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol: int = None) -> None:  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self._ctx = _original_SSLContext(protocol)
+
+        class TruststoreSSLObject(ssl.SSLObject):
+            # This object exists because wrap_bio() doesn't
+            # immediately do the handshake so we need to do
+            # certificate verifications after SSLObject.do_handshake()
+
+            def do_handshake(self) -> None:
+                ret = super().do_handshake()
+                _verify_peercerts(self, server_hostname=self.server_hostname)
+                return ret
+
+        self._ctx.sslobject_class = TruststoreSSLObject
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect: bool = True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLSocket:
+        # Use a context manager here because the
+        # inner SSLContext holds on to our state
+        # but also does the actual handshake.
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_sock = self._ctx.wrap_socket(
+                sock,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
+                suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        try:
+            _verify_peercerts(ssl_sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+        except Exception:
+            ssl_sock.close()
+            raise
+        return ssl_sock
+
+    def wrap_bio(
+        self,
+        incoming: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        outgoing: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLObject:
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_obj = self._ctx.wrap_bio(
+                incoming,
+                outgoing,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        return ssl_obj
+
+    def load_verify_locations(
+        self,
+        cafile: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        capath: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        cadata: typing.Union[str, "Buffer", None] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_verify_locations(
+            cafile=cafile, capath=capath, cadata=cadata
+        )
+
+    def load_cert_chain(
+        self,
+        certfile: _StrOrBytesPath,
+        keyfile: _StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+        password: _PasswordType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_cert_chain(
+            certfile=certfile, keyfile=keyfile, password=password
+        )
+
+    def load_default_certs(
+        self, purpose: ssl.Purpose = ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_default_certs(purpose)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, alpn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+    def set_npn_protocols(self, npn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_npn_protocols(npn_protocols)
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, __cipherlist: str) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_ciphers(__cipherlist)
+
+    def get_ciphers(self) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._ctx.get_ciphers()
+
+    def session_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        return self._ctx.session_stats()
+
+    def cert_store_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(
+        self, binary_form: typing.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> list[typing.Any]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: typing.Literal[True] = ...) -> list[bytes]: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = ...) -> typing.Any: ...
+
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = False) -> list[typing.Any] | list[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.check_hostname
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.check_hostname = value
+
+    @property
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name
+
+    @hostname_checks_common_name.setter
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name = value
+
+    @property
+    def keylog_filename(self) -> str:
+        return self._ctx.keylog_filename
+
+    @keylog_filename.setter
+    def keylog_filename(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._ctx.keylog_filename = value
+
+    @property
+    def maximum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.maximum_version
+
+    @maximum_version.setter
+    def maximum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.maximum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def minimum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.minimum_version
+
+    @minimum_version.setter
+    def minimum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.minimum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ssl.Options:
+        return self._ctx.options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value: ssl.Options) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.options.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def post_handshake_auth(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.post_handshake_auth
+
+    @post_handshake_auth.setter
+    def post_handshake_auth(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.post_handshake_auth = value
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self) -> ssl._SSLMethod:
+        return self._ctx.protocol
+
+    @property
+    def security_level(self) -> int:
+        return self._ctx.security_level
+
+    @property
+    def verify_flags(self) -> ssl.VerifyFlags:
+        return self._ctx.verify_flags
+
+    @verify_flags.setter
+    def verify_flags(self, value: ssl.VerifyFlags) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_flags.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self) -> ssl.VerifyMode:
+        return self._ctx.verify_mode
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value: ssl.VerifyMode) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+
+# Python 3.13+ makes get_unverified_chain() a public API that only returns DER
+# encoded certificates. We detect whether we need to call public_bytes() for 3.10->3.12
+# Pre-3.13 returned None instead of an empty list from get_unverified_chain()
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+
+    def _get_unverified_chain_bytes(sslobj: ssl.SSLObject) -> list[bytes]:
+        unverified_chain = sslobj.get_unverified_chain() or ()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return [
+            cert if isinstance(cert, bytes) else cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER)
+            for cert in unverified_chain
+        ]
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_unverified_chain_bytes(sslobj: ssl.SSLObject) -> list[bytes]:
+        unverified_chain = sslobj.get_unverified_chain() or ()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return [cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER) for cert in unverified_chain]
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts(
+    sock_or_sslobj: ssl.SSLSocket | ssl.SSLObject, server_hostname: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Verifies the peer certificates from an SSLSocket or SSLObject
+    against the certificates in the OS trust store.
+    """
+    sslobj: ssl.SSLObject = sock_or_sslobj  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    try:
+        while not hasattr(sslobj, "get_unverified_chain"):
+            sslobj = sslobj._sslobj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    cert_bytes = _get_unverified_chain_bytes(sslobj)
+    _verify_peercerts_impl(
+        sock_or_sslobj.context, cert_bytes, server_hostname=server_hostname
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b234ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import platform
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+_mac_version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+_mac_version_info = tuple(map(int, _mac_version.split(".")))
+if _mac_version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not {_mac_version_info[0]}.{_mac_version_info[1]}"
+    )
+
+
+def _load_cdll(name: str, macos10_16_path: str) -> CDLL:
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        path: str | None
+        if _mac_version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise ImportError(f"The library {name} failed to load") from None
+
+
+Security = _load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = _load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFErrorRef = POINTER(CFError)
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecPolicyRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+try:
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.argtypes = [CFOptionFlags]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.argtypes = [Boolean, CFStringRef]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        CFTypeRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.argtypes = [
+        SecTrustRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustResultType),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod = 3
+    kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse = 8
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef = CFErrorRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+except AttributeError:
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes") from None
+
+
+def _handle_osstatus(result: OSStatus, _: typing.Any, args: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+    """
+    Raises an error if the OSStatus value is non-zero.
+    """
+    if int(result) == 0:
+        return args
+
+    # Returns a CFString which we need to transform
+    # into a UTF-8 Python string.
+    error_message_cfstring = None
+    try:
+        error_message_cfstring = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(result, None)
+
+        # First step is convert the CFString into a C string pointer.
+        # We try the fast no-copy way first.
+        error_message_cfstring_c_void_p = ctypes.cast(
+            error_message_cfstring, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)
+        )
+        message = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+            error_message_cfstring_c_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+
+        # Quoting the Apple dev docs:
+        #
+        # "A pointer to a C string or NULL if the internal
+        # storage of theString does not allow this to be
+        # returned efficiently."
+        #
+        # So we need to get our hands dirty.
+        if message is None:
+            buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+            result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+                error_message_cfstring_c_void_p,
+                buffer,
+                1024,
+                CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+            )
+            if not result:
+                raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+            message = buffer.value
+
+    finally:
+        if error_message_cfstring is not None:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(error_message_cfstring)
+
+    # If no message can be found for this status we come
+    # up with a generic one that forwards the status code.
+    if message is None or message == "":
+        message = f"SecureTransport operation returned a non-zero OSStatus: {result}"
+
+    raise ssl.SSLError(message)
+
+
+Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+class CFConst:
+    """CoreFoundation constants"""
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+    errSecIncompleteCertRevocationCheck = -67635
+    errSecHostNameMismatch = -67602
+    errSecCertificateExpired = -67818
+    errSecNotTrusted = -67843
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(value: bytes) -> CFDataRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, value, len(value)
+    )
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_string(value: bytes) -> CFString:
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(value)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_string_ref: CFStringRef) -> str | None:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        cf_string_ref, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            cf_string_ref, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(certs: list[bytes]) -> CFMutableArrayRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """Builds a CFArray of SecCertificateRefs from a list of DER-encoded certificates.
+    Responsibility of the caller to call CoreFoundation.CFRelease on the CFArray.
+    """
+    cf_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cf_array:
+        raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    for cert_data in certs:
+        cf_data = None
+        sec_cert_ref = None
+        try:
+            cf_data = _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(cert_data)
+            sec_cert_ref = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, cf_data
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_array, sec_cert_ref)
+        finally:
+            if cf_data:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_data)
+            if sec_cert_ref:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(sec_cert_ref)
+
+    return cf_array  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    certs = None
+    policies = None
+    trust = None
+    cf_error = None
+    try:
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cf_str_hostname = None
+            try:
+                cf_str_hostname = _bytes_to_cf_string(server_hostname.encode("ascii"))
+                ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, cf_str_hostname)
+            finally:
+                if cf_str_hostname:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str_hostname)
+        else:
+            ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, None)
+
+        policies = ssl_policy
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            # Add explicit policy requiring positive revocation checks
+            policies = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                0,
+                ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, ssl_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ssl_policy)
+            revocation_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation(
+                kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod
+                | kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, revocation_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(revocation_policy)
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            raise NotImplementedError("VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF not implemented for macOS")
+
+        certs = None
+        try:
+            certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(cert_chain)
+
+            # Now that we have certificates loaded and a SecPolicy
+            # we can finally create a SecTrust object!
+            trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+            Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(
+                certs, policies, ctypes.byref(trust)
+            )
+
+        finally:
+            # The certs are now being held by SecTrust so we can
+            # release our handles for the array.
+            if certs:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certs)
+
+        # If there are additional trust anchors to load we need to transform
+        # the list of DER-encoded certificates into a CFArray.
+        ctx_ca_certs_der: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+            binary_form=True
+        )
+        if ctx_ca_certs_der:
+            ctx_ca_certs = None
+            try:
+                ctx_ca_certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(ctx_ca_certs_der)
+                Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, ctx_ca_certs)
+            finally:
+                if ctx_ca_certs:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ctx_ca_certs)
+
+        # We always want system certificates.
+        Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trust, False)
+
+        cf_error = CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef()
+        sec_trust_eval_result = Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError(
+            trust, ctypes.byref(cf_error)
+        )
+        # sec_trust_eval_result is a bool (0 or 1)
+        # where 1 means that the certs are trusted.
+        if sec_trust_eval_result == 1:
+            is_trusted = True
+        elif sec_trust_eval_result == 0:
+            is_trusted = False
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError(
+                f"Unknown result from Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError: {sec_trust_eval_result!r}"
+            )
+
+        cf_error_code = 0
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_code = CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode(cf_error)
+
+            # If the error is a known failure that we're
+            # explicitly okay with from SSLContext configuration
+            # we can set is_trusted accordingly.
+            if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_REQUIRED and (
+                cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecNotTrusted
+                or cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecCertificateExpired
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+            elif (
+                not ssl_context.check_hostname
+                and cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecHostNameMismatch
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+
+        # If we're still not trusted then we start to
+        # construct and raise the SSLCertVerificationError.
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_string_ref = None
+            try:
+                cf_error_string_ref = CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription(cf_error)
+
+                # Can this ever return 'None' if there's a CFError?
+                cf_error_message = (
+                    _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_error_string_ref)
+                    or "Certificate verification failed"
+                )
+
+                # TODO: Not sure if we need the SecTrustResultType for anything?
+                # We only care whether or not it's a success or failure for now.
+                sec_trust_result_type = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+                Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult(
+                    trust, ctypes.byref(sec_trust_result_type)
+                )
+
+                err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(cf_error_message)
+                err.verify_message = cf_error_message
+                err.verify_code = cf_error_code
+                raise err
+            finally:
+                if cf_error_string_ref:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string_ref)
+
+    finally:
+        if policies:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(policies)
+        if trust:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9951cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+# candidates based on https://github.com/tiran/certifi-system-store by Christian Heimes
+_CA_FILE_CANDIDATES = [
+    # Alpine, Arch, Fedora 34+, OpenWRT, RHEL 9+, BSD
+    "/etc/ssl/cert.pem",
+    # Fedora <= 34, RHEL <= 9, CentOS <= 9
+    "/etc/pki/tls/cert.pem",
+    # Debian, Ubuntu (requires ca-certificates)
+    "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt",
+    # SUSE
+    "/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem",
+]
+
+_HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\.[0-9]$")
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    # First, check whether the default locations from OpenSSL
+    # seem like they will give us a usable set of CA certs.
+    # ssl.get_default_verify_paths already takes care of:
+    # - getting cafile from either the SSL_CERT_FILE env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # - getting capath from either the SSL_CERT_DIR env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # In addition we'll check whether capath appears to contain certs.
+    defaults = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
+    if defaults.cafile or (defaults.capath and _capath_contains_certs(defaults.capath)):
+        ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+    else:
+        # cafile from OpenSSL doesn't exist
+        # and capath from OpenSSL doesn't contain certs.
+        # Let's search other common locations instead.
+        for cafile in _CA_FILE_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.path.isfile(cafile):
+                ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cafile)
+                break
+
+    yield
+
+
+def _capath_contains_certs(capath: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether capath exists and contains certs in the expected format."""
+    if not os.path.isdir(capath):
+        return False
+    for name in os.listdir(capath):
+        if _HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE.match(name):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    # This is a no-op because we've enabled SSLContext's built-in
+    # verification via verify_mode=CERT_REQUIRED, and don't need to repeat it.
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ee7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+# Hold on to the original class so we can create it consistently
+# even if we inject our own SSLContext into the ssl module.
+_original_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
+_original_super_SSLContext = super(_original_SSLContext, _original_SSLContext)
+
+# CPython is known to be good, but non-CPython implementations
+# may implement SSLContext differently so to be safe we don't
+# subclass the SSLContext.
+
+# This is returned by truststore.SSLContext.__class__()
+_truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class: typing.Optional[type]
+
+# This value is the superclass of truststore.SSLContext.
+_truststore_SSLContext_super_class: type
+
+if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = _original_SSLContext
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = None
+else:
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = object
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = _original_SSLContext
+
+
+def _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext, verify_mode: ssl.VerifyMode
+) -> None:
+    _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(ssl_context, verify_mode)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d00d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+import contextlib
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import WinDLL  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import WinError  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import (
+    POINTER,
+    Structure,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+    c_wchar_p,
+    cast,
+    create_unicode_buffer,
+    pointer,
+    sizeof,
+)
+from ctypes.wintypes import (
+    BOOL,
+    DWORD,
+    HANDLE,
+    LONG,
+    LPCSTR,
+    LPCVOID,
+    LPCWSTR,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    LPSTR,
+    LPWSTR,
+)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+HCERTCHAINENGINE = HANDLE
+HCERTSTORE = HANDLE
+HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY = HANDLE
+
+
+class CERT_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwCertEncodingType", DWORD),
+        ("pbCertEncoded", c_void_p),
+        ("cbCertEncoded", DWORD),
+        ("pCertInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("hCertStore", HCERTSTORE),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cUsageIdentifier", DWORD),
+        ("rgpszUsageIdentifier", POINTER(LPSTR)),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE = POINTER(CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE)
+
+
+class CERT_USAGE_MATCH(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwType", DWORD),
+        ("Usage", CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("RequestedUsage", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("RequestedIssuancePolicy", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("fCheckRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+        ("pftCacheResync", LPFILETIME),
+        ("pStrongSignPara", c_void_p),
+        ("dwStrongSignFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = pointer[CERT_CHAIN_PARA]  # type: ignore[misc]
+else:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_TRUST_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwErrorStatus", DWORD),
+        ("dwInfoStatus", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("pCertContext", PCERT_CONTEXT),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("pRevocationInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("pIssuanceUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pApplicationUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pwszExtendedErrorInfo", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)
+
+
+class CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cElement", DWORD),
+        ("rgpElement", POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)),
+        ("pTrustListInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN = POINTER(CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cChain", DWORD),
+        ("rgpChain", POINTER(PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)),
+        ("cLowerQualityChainContext", DWORD),
+        ("rgpLowerQualityChainContext", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwAuthType", DWORD),
+        ("fdwChecks", DWORD),
+        ("pwszServerName", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyPara", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwError", DWORD),
+        ("lChainIndex", LONG),
+        ("lElementIndex", LONG),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyStatus", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("hRestrictedRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedTrust", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedOther", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("cAdditionalStore", DWORD),
+        ("rghAdditionalStore", c_void_p),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("MaximumCachedCertificates", DWORD),
+        ("CycleDetectionModulus", DWORD),
+        ("hExclusiveRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hExclusiveTrustedPeople", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("dwExclusiveFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG)
+PHCERTCHAINENGINE = POINTER(HCERTCHAINENGINE)
+
+X509_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00000001
+PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00010000
+CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY = b"Memory"
+CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING = 2
+USAGE_MATCH_TYPE_OR = 1
+OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH = c_char_p(b"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT = 0x10000000
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN = 0x20000000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS = 0x00000007
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG = 0x00000008
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG = 0x00000010
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG = 0x00000040
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG = 0x00000020
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG = 0x00000080
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS = 0x00000F00
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00008000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00004000
+AUTHTYPE_SERVER = 2
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL = 4
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS = 0x00000200
+
+# Flags to set for SSLContext.verify_mode=CERT_NONE
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS = (
+    CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG
+)
+
+wincrypt = WinDLL("crypt32.dll")
+kernel32 = WinDLL("kernel32.dll")
+
+
+def _handle_win_error(result: bool, _: Any, args: Any) -> Any:
+    if not result:
+        # Note, actually raises OSError after calling GetLastError and FormatMessage
+        raise WinError()
+    return args
+
+
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateChainEngine
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (
+    PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG,
+    PHCERTCHAINENGINE,
+)
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertOpenStore = wincrypt.CertOpenStore
+CertOpenStore.argtypes = (LPCSTR, DWORD, HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY, DWORD, c_void_p)
+CertOpenStore.restype = HCERTSTORE
+CertOpenStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore = wincrypt.CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.argtypes = (
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    DWORD,
+    c_char_p,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    PCCERT_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCreateCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateContext
+CertCreateCertificateContext.argtypes = (DWORD, c_char_p, DWORD)
+CertCreateCertificateContext.restype = PCERT_CONTEXT
+CertCreateCertificateContext.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertGetCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertGetCertificateChain
+CertGetCertificateChain.argtypes = (
+    HCERTCHAINENGINE,
+    PCERT_CONTEXT,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+    PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertGetCertificateChain.restype = BOOL
+CertGetCertificateChain.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy = wincrypt.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.argtypes = (
+    c_ulong,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS,
+)
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCloseStore = wincrypt.CertCloseStore
+CertCloseStore.argtypes = (HCERTSTORE, DWORD)
+CertCloseStore.restype = BOOL
+CertCloseStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertFreeCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChain
+CertFreeCertificateChain.argtypes = (PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateContext
+CertFreeCertificateContext.argtypes = (PCERT_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChainEngine
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (HCERTCHAINENGINE,)
+
+FormatMessageW = kernel32.FormatMessageW
+FormatMessageW.argtypes = (
+    DWORD,
+    LPCVOID,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    LPWSTR,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+FormatMessageW.restype = DWORD
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Verify the cert_chain from the server using Windows APIs."""
+
+    # If the peer didn't send any certificates then
+    # we can't do verification. Raise an error.
+    if not cert_chain:
+        raise ssl.SSLCertVerificationError("Peer sent no certificates to verify")
+
+    pCertContext = None
+    hIntermediateCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add intermediate certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in cert_chain[1:]:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Cert context for leaf cert
+        leaf_cert = cert_chain[0]
+        pCertContext = CertCreateCertificateContext(
+            X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, leaf_cert, len(leaf_cert)
+        )
+
+        # Chain params to match certs for serverAuth extended usage
+        cert_enhkey_usage = CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE()
+        cert_enhkey_usage.cUsageIdentifier = 1
+        cert_enhkey_usage.rgpszUsageIdentifier = (c_char_p * 1)(OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH)
+        cert_usage_match = CERT_USAGE_MATCH()
+        cert_usage_match.Usage = cert_enhkey_usage
+        chain_params = CERT_CHAIN_PARA()
+        chain_params.RequestedUsage = cert_usage_match
+        chain_params.cbSize = sizeof(chain_params)
+        pChainPara = pointer(chain_params)
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT
+        else:
+            chain_flags = 0
+
+        try:
+            # First attempt to verify using the default Windows system trust roots
+            # (default chain engine).
+            _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+                ssl_context,
+                None,
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                pCertContext,
+                pChainPara,
+                server_hostname,
+                chain_flags=chain_flags,
+            )
+        except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError as e:
+            # If that fails but custom CA certs have been added
+            # to the SSLContext using load_verify_locations,
+            # try verifying using a custom chain engine
+            # that trusts the custom CA certs.
+            custom_ca_certs: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+                binary_form=True
+            )
+            if custom_ca_certs:
+                try:
+                    _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+                        ssl_context,
+                        custom_ca_certs,
+                        hIntermediateCertStore,
+                        pCertContext,
+                        pChainPara,
+                        server_hostname,
+                        chain_flags=chain_flags,
+                    )
+                # Raise the original error, not the new error.
+                except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError:
+                    raise e from None
+            else:
+                raise
+    finally:
+        CertCloseStore(hIntermediateCertStore, 0)
+        if pCertContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateContext(pCertContext)
+
+
+def _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    hChainEngine: HCERTCHAINENGINE | None,
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    ppChainContext = None
+    try:
+        # Get cert chain
+        ppChainContext = pointer(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT())
+        CertGetCertificateChain(
+            hChainEngine,  # chain engine
+            pPeerCertContext,  # leaf cert context
+            None,  # current system time
+            hIntermediateCertStore,  # additional in-memory cert store
+            pChainPara,  # chain-building parameters
+            chain_flags,
+            None,  # reserved
+            ppChainContext,  # the resulting chain context
+        )
+        pChainContext = ppChainContext.contents
+
+        # Verify cert chain
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para = SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.cbSize = sizeof(
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para
+        )
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.dwAuthType = AUTHTYPE_SERVER
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.fdwChecks = 0
+        if server_hostname:
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.pwszServerName = c_wchar_p(server_hostname)
+
+        chain_policy = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        chain_policy.pvExtraPolicyPara = cast(
+            pointer(ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para), c_void_p
+        )
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_NONE:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS
+        if not ssl_context.check_hostname:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+        chain_policy.cbSize = sizeof(chain_policy)
+
+        pPolicyPara = pointer(chain_policy)
+        policy_status = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS()
+        policy_status.cbSize = sizeof(policy_status)
+        pPolicyStatus = pointer(policy_status)
+        CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(
+            CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL,
+            pChainContext,
+            pPolicyPara,
+            pPolicyStatus,
+        )
+
+        # Check status
+        error_code = policy_status.dwError
+        if error_code:
+            # Try getting a human readable message for an error code.
+            error_message_buf = create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+            error_message_chars = FormatMessageW(
+                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                None,
+                error_code,
+                0,
+                error_message_buf,
+                sizeof(error_message_buf),
+                None,
+            )
+
+            # See if we received a message for the error,
+            # otherwise we use a generic error with the
+            # error code and hope that it's search-able.
+            if error_message_chars <= 0:
+                error_message = f"Certificate chain policy error {error_code:#x} [{policy_status.lElementIndex}]"
+            else:
+                error_message = error_message_buf.value.strip()
+
+            err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(error_message)
+            err.verify_message = error_message
+            err.verify_code = error_code
+            raise err from None
+    finally:
+        if ppChainContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateChain(ppChainContext.contents)
+
+
+def _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    custom_ca_certs: list[bytes],
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    hChainEngine = None
+    hRootCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add custom CA certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in custom_ca_certs:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hRootCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Create a custom cert chain engine which exclusively trusts
+        # certs from our hRootCertStore
+        cert_chain_engine_config = CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG()
+        cert_chain_engine_config.cbSize = sizeof(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        cert_chain_engine_config.hExclusiveRoot = hRootCertStore
+        pConfig = pointer(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        phChainEngine = pointer(HCERTCHAINENGINE())
+        CertCreateCertificateChainEngine(
+            pConfig,
+            phChainEngine,
+        )
+        hChainEngine = phChainEngine.contents
+
+        # Get and verify a cert chain using the custom chain engine
+        _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+            ssl_context,
+            hChainEngine,
+            hIntermediateCertStore,
+            pPeerCertContext,
+            pChainPara,
+            server_hostname,
+            chain_flags,
+        )
+    finally:
+        if hChainEngine:
+            CertFreeCertificateChainEngine(hChainEngine)
+        CertCloseStore(hRootCertStore, 0)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e429384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3641 @@
+import abc
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import inspect
+import operator
+import sys
+import types as _types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Super-special typing primitives.
+    'Any',
+    'ClassVar',
+    'Concatenate',
+    'Final',
+    'LiteralString',
+    'ParamSpec',
+    'ParamSpecArgs',
+    'ParamSpecKwargs',
+    'Self',
+    'Type',
+    'TypeVar',
+    'TypeVarTuple',
+    'Unpack',
+
+    # ABCs (from collections.abc).
+    'Awaitable',
+    'AsyncIterator',
+    'AsyncIterable',
+    'Coroutine',
+    'AsyncGenerator',
+    'AsyncContextManager',
+    'Buffer',
+    'ChainMap',
+
+    # Concrete collection types.
+    'ContextManager',
+    'Counter',
+    'Deque',
+    'DefaultDict',
+    'NamedTuple',
+    'OrderedDict',
+    'TypedDict',
+
+    # Structural checks, a.k.a. protocols.
+    'SupportsAbs',
+    'SupportsBytes',
+    'SupportsComplex',
+    'SupportsFloat',
+    'SupportsIndex',
+    'SupportsInt',
+    'SupportsRound',
+
+    # One-off things.
+    'Annotated',
+    'assert_never',
+    'assert_type',
+    'clear_overloads',
+    'dataclass_transform',
+    'deprecated',
+    'Doc',
+    'get_overloads',
+    'final',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_original_bases',
+    'get_protocol_members',
+    'get_type_hints',
+    'IntVar',
+    'is_protocol',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'Literal',
+    'NewType',
+    'overload',
+    'override',
+    'Protocol',
+    'reveal_type',
+    'runtime',
+    'runtime_checkable',
+    'Text',
+    'TypeAlias',
+    'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeGuard',
+    'TypeIs',
+    'TYPE_CHECKING',
+    'Never',
+    'NoReturn',
+    'ReadOnly',
+    'Required',
+    'NotRequired',
+
+    # Pure aliases, have always been in typing
+    'AbstractSet',
+    'AnyStr',
+    'BinaryIO',
+    'Callable',
+    'Collection',
+    'Container',
+    'Dict',
+    'ForwardRef',
+    'FrozenSet',
+    'Generator',
+    'Generic',
+    'Hashable',
+    'IO',
+    'ItemsView',
+    'Iterable',
+    'Iterator',
+    'KeysView',
+    'List',
+    'Mapping',
+    'MappingView',
+    'Match',
+    'MutableMapping',
+    'MutableSequence',
+    'MutableSet',
+    'NoDefault',
+    'Optional',
+    'Pattern',
+    'Reversible',
+    'Sequence',
+    'Set',
+    'Sized',
+    'TextIO',
+    'Tuple',
+    'Union',
+    'ValuesView',
+    'cast',
+    'no_type_check',
+    'no_type_check_decorator',
+]
+
+# for backward compatibility
+PEP_560 = True
+GenericMeta = type
+_PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED = sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta")
+
+# The functions below are modified copies of typing internal helpers.
+# They are needed by _ProtocolMeta and they provide support for PEP 646.
+
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<sentinel>"
+
+
+_marker = _Sentinel()
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(
+            t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias, _types.UnionType)
+        )
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias))
+else:
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias) and not t._special
+
+
+NoReturn = typing.NoReturn
+
+# Some unconstrained type variables.  These are used by the container types.
+# (These are not for export.)
+T = typing.TypeVar('T')  # Any type.
+KT = typing.TypeVar('KT')  # Key type.
+VT = typing.TypeVar('VT')  # Value type.
+T_co = typing.TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)  # Any type covariant containers.
+T_contra = typing.TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)  # Ditto contravariant.
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Any
+else:
+
+    class _AnyMeta(type):
+        def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+            if self is Any:
+                raise TypeError("typing_extensions.Any cannot be used with isinstance()")
+            return super().__instancecheck__(obj)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self is Any:
+                return "typing_extensions.Any"
+            return super().__repr__()
+
+    class Any(metaclass=_AnyMeta):
+        """Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
+        - Any is compatible with every type.
+        - Any assumed to have all methods.
+        - All values assumed to be instances of Any.
+        Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of
+        static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance
+        checks.
+        """
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            if cls is Any:
+                raise TypeError("Any cannot be instantiated")
+            return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ClassVar = typing.ClassVar
+
+
+class _ExtensionsSpecialForm(typing._SpecialForm, _root=True):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'typing_extensions.' + self._name
+
+
+Final = typing.Final
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    final = typing.final
+else:
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+
+def IntVar(name):
+    return typing.TypeVar(name)
+
+
+# A Literal bug was fixed in 3.11.0, 3.10.1 and 3.9.8
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+    Literal = typing.Literal
+else:
+    def _flatten_literal_params(parameters):
+        """An internal helper for Literal creation: flatten Literals among parameters"""
+        params = []
+        for p in parameters:
+            if isinstance(p, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                params.extend(p.__args__)
+            else:
+                params.append(p)
+        return tuple(params)
+
+    def _value_and_type_iter(params):
+        for p in params:
+            yield p, type(p)
+
+    class _LiteralGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            these_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__))
+            other_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(other.__args__))
+            return these_args_deduped == other_args_deduped
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash(frozenset(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__)))
+
+    class _LiteralForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, doc: str):
+            self._name = 'Literal'
+            self._doc = self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+
+            parameters = _flatten_literal_params(parameters)
+
+            val_type_pairs = list(_value_and_type_iter(parameters))
+            try:
+                deduped_pairs = set(val_type_pairs)
+            except TypeError:
+                # unhashable parameters
+                pass
+            else:
+                # similar logic to typing._deduplicate on Python 3.9+
+                if len(deduped_pairs) < len(val_type_pairs):
+                    new_parameters = []
+                    for pair in val_type_pairs:
+                        if pair in deduped_pairs:
+                            new_parameters.append(pair[0])
+                            deduped_pairs.remove(pair)
+                    assert not deduped_pairs, deduped_pairs
+                    parameters = tuple(new_parameters)
+
+            return _LiteralGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+    Literal = _LiteralForm(doc="""\
+                           A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers
+                           that the corresponding value has a value literally equivalent
+                           to the provided parameter. For example:
+
+                               var: Literal[4] = 4
+
+                           The type checker understands that 'var' is literally equal to
+                           the value 4 and no other value.
+
+                           Literal[...] cannot be subclassed. There is no runtime
+                           checking verifying that the parameter is actually a value
+                           instead of a type.""")
+
+
+_overload_dummy = typing._overload_dummy
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "get_overloads"):  # 3.11+
+    overload = typing.overload
+    get_overloads = typing.get_overloads
+    clear_overloads = typing.clear_overloads
+else:
+    # {module: {qualname: {firstlineno: func}}}
+    _overload_registry = collections.defaultdict(
+        functools.partial(collections.defaultdict, dict)
+    )
+
+    def overload(func):
+        """Decorator for overloaded functions/methods.
+
+        In a stub file, place two or more stub definitions for the same
+        function in a row, each decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        In a non-stub file (i.e. a regular .py file), do the same but
+        follow it with an implementation.  The implementation should *not*
+        be decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+        def utf8(value):
+            # implementation goes here
+
+        The overloads for a function can be retrieved at runtime using the
+        get_overloads() function.
+        """
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        try:
+            _overload_registry[f.__module__][f.__qualname__][
+                f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            ] = func
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not a normal function; ignore.
+            pass
+        return _overload_dummy
+
+    def get_overloads(func):
+        """Return all defined overloads for *func* as a sequence."""
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        if f.__module__ not in _overload_registry:
+            return []
+        mod_dict = _overload_registry[f.__module__]
+        if f.__qualname__ not in mod_dict:
+            return []
+        return list(mod_dict[f.__qualname__].values())
+
+    def clear_overloads():
+        """Clear all overloads in the registry."""
+        _overload_registry.clear()
+
+
+# This is not a real generic class.  Don't use outside annotations.
+Type = typing.Type
+
+# Various ABCs mimicking those in collections.abc.
+# A few are simply re-exported for completeness.
+Awaitable = typing.Awaitable
+Coroutine = typing.Coroutine
+AsyncIterable = typing.AsyncIterable
+AsyncIterator = typing.AsyncIterator
+Deque = typing.Deque
+DefaultDict = typing.DefaultDict
+OrderedDict = typing.OrderedDict
+Counter = typing.Counter
+ChainMap = typing.ChainMap
+Text = typing.Text
+TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta"):
+    from typing import AsyncContextManager, AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, Generator
+else:
+    def _is_dunder(attr):
+        return attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')
+
+    # Python <3.9 doesn't have typing._SpecialGenericAlias
+    _special_generic_alias_base = getattr(
+        typing, "_SpecialGenericAlias", typing._GenericAlias
+    )
+
+    class _SpecialGenericAlias(_special_generic_alias_base, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, origin, nparams, *, inst=True, name=None, defaults=()):
+            if _special_generic_alias_base is typing._GenericAlias:
+                # Python <3.9
+                self.__origin__ = origin
+                self._nparams = nparams
+                super().__init__(origin, nparams, special=True, inst=inst, name=name)
+            else:
+                # Python >= 3.9
+                super().__init__(origin, nparams, inst=inst, name=name)
+            self._defaults = defaults
+
+        def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+            allowed_attrs = {'_name', '_inst', '_nparams', '_defaults'}
+            if _special_generic_alias_base is typing._GenericAlias:
+                # Python <3.9
+                allowed_attrs.add("__origin__")
+            if _is_dunder(attr) or attr in allowed_attrs:
+                object.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+            else:
+                setattr(self.__origin__, attr, val)
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __getitem__(self, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+                params = (params,)
+            msg = "Parameters to generic types must be types."
+            params = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in params)
+            if (
+                self._defaults
+                and len(params) < self._nparams
+                and len(params) + len(self._defaults) >= self._nparams
+            ):
+                params = (*params, *self._defaults[len(params) - self._nparams:])
+            actual_len = len(params)
+
+            if actual_len != self._nparams:
+                if self._defaults:
+                    expected = f"at least {self._nparams - len(self._defaults)}"
+                else:
+                    expected = str(self._nparams)
+                if not self._nparams:
+                    raise TypeError(f"{self} is not a generic class")
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if actual_len > self._nparams else 'few'}"
+                    f" arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {actual_len}, expected {expected}"
+                )
+            return self.copy_with(params)
+
+    _NoneType = type(None)
+    Generator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.Generator, 3, defaults=(_NoneType, _NoneType)
+    )
+    AsyncGenerator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.AsyncGenerator, 2, defaults=(_NoneType,)
+    )
+    ContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="ContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+    AsyncContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="AsyncContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+
+
+_PROTO_ALLOWLIST = {
+    'collections.abc': [
+        'Callable', 'Awaitable', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'AsyncIterable',
+        'Hashable', 'Sized', 'Container', 'Collection', 'Reversible', 'Buffer',
+    ],
+    'contextlib': ['AbstractContextManager', 'AbstractAsyncContextManager'],
+    'typing_extensions': ['Buffer'],
+}
+
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = frozenset(typing.EXCLUDED_ATTRIBUTES) | {
+    "__match_args__", "__protocol_attrs__", "__non_callable_proto_members__",
+    "__final__",
+}
+
+
+def _get_protocol_attrs(cls):
+    attrs = set()
+    for base in cls.__mro__[:-1]:  # without object
+        if base.__name__ in {'Protocol', 'Generic'}:
+            continue
+        annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+        for attr in (*base.__dict__, *annotations):
+            if (not attr.startswith('_abc_') and attr not in _EXCLUDED_ATTRS):
+                attrs.add(attr)
+    return attrs
+
+
+def _caller(depth=2):
+    try:
+        return sys._getframe(depth).f_globals.get('__name__', '__main__')
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):  # For platforms without _getframe()
+        return None
+
+
+# `__match_args__` attribute was removed from protocol members in 3.13,
+# we want to backport this change to older Python versions.
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    Protocol = typing.Protocol
+else:
+    def _allow_reckless_class_checks(depth=3):
+        """Allow instance and class checks for special stdlib modules.
+        The abc and functools modules indiscriminately call isinstance() and
+        issubclass() on the whole MRO of a user class, which may contain protocols.
+        """
+        return _caller(depth) in {'abc', 'functools', None}
+
+    def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if type(self)._is_protocol:
+            raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+
+    def _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(arg):
+        """Raise TypeError if `arg` is not an instance of `type`
+        in `issubclass(arg, <protocol>)`.
+
+        In most cases, this is verified by type.__subclasscheck__.
+        Checking it again unnecessarily would slow down issubclass() checks,
+        so, we don't perform this check unless we absolutely have to.
+
+        For various error paths, however,
+        we want to ensure that *this* error message is shown to the user
+        where relevant, rather than a typing.py-specific error message.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(arg, type):
+            # Same error message as for issubclass(1, int).
+            raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class')
+
+    # Inheriting from typing._ProtocolMeta isn't actually desirable,
+    # but is necessary to allow typing.Protocol and typing_extensions.Protocol
+    # to mix without getting TypeErrors about "metaclass conflict"
+    class _ProtocolMeta(type(typing.Protocol)):
+        # This metaclass is somewhat unfortunate,
+        # but is necessary for several reasons...
+        #
+        # NOTE: DO NOT call super() in any methods in this class
+        # That would call the methods on typing._ProtocolMeta on Python 3.8-3.11
+        # and those are slow
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            if name == "Protocol" and len(bases) < 2:
+                pass
+            elif {Protocol, typing.Protocol} & set(bases):
+                for base in bases:
+                    if not (
+                        base in {object, typing.Generic, Protocol, typing.Protocol}
+                        or base.__name__ in _PROTO_ALLOWLIST.get(base.__module__, [])
+                        or is_protocol(base)
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, "
+                            f"got {base!r}"
+                        )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+        def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            abc.ABCMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            if getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+            if (
+                getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False)
+                and not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                if not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Instance and class checks can only be used with "
+                        "@runtime_checkable protocols"
+                    )
+                if (
+                    # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                    cls.__non_callable_proto_members__
+                    and cls.__dict__.get("__subclasshook__") is _proto_hook
+                ):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    non_method_attrs = sorted(cls.__non_callable_proto_members__)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()."
+                        f" Non-method members: {str(non_method_attrs)[1:-1]}."
+                    )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            # We need this method for situations where attributes are
+            # assigned in __init__.
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+            if not getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                # i.e., it's a concrete subclass of a protocol
+                return abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+
+            if (
+                not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False) and
+                not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("Instance and class checks can only be used with"
+                                " @runtime_checkable protocols")
+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+                return True
+
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    val = inspect.getattr_static(instance, attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    break
+                # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                if val is None and attr not in cls.__non_callable_proto_members__:
+                    break
+            else:
+                return True
+
+            return False
+
+        def __eq__(cls, other):
+            # Hack so that typing.Generic.__class_getitem__
+            # treats typing_extensions.Protocol
+            # as equivalent to typing.Protocol
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__eq__(cls, other) is True:
+                return True
+            return cls is Protocol and other is typing.Protocol
+
+        # This has to be defined, or the abc-module cache
+        # complains about classes with this metaclass being unhashable,
+        # if we define only __eq__!
+        def __hash__(cls) -> int:
+            return type.__hash__(cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _proto_hook(cls, other):
+        if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+            for base in other.__mro__:
+                # Check if the members appears in the class dictionary...
+                if attr in base.__dict__:
+                    if base.__dict__[attr] is None:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    break
+
+                # ...or in annotations, if it is a sub-protocol.
+                annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+                if (
+                    isinstance(annotations, collections.abc.Mapping)
+                    and attr in annotations
+                    and is_protocol(other)
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        return True
+
+    class Protocol(typing.Generic, metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+        __doc__ = typing.Protocol.__doc__
+        __slots__ = ()
+        _is_protocol = True
+        _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+            if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+                cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+            # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+            if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+            # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+            if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    runtime_checkable = typing.runtime_checkable
+else:
+    def runtime_checkable(cls):
+        """Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol.
+
+        Such protocol can be used with isinstance() and issubclass().
+        Raise TypeError if applied to a non-protocol class.
+        This allows a simple-minded structural check very similar to
+        one trick ponies in collections.abc such as Iterable.
+
+        For example::
+
+            @runtime_checkable
+            class Closable(Protocol):
+                def close(self): ...
+
+            assert isinstance(open('/some/file'), Closable)
+
+        Warning: this will check only the presence of the required methods,
+        not their type signatures!
+        """
+        if not issubclass(cls, typing.Generic) or not getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False):
+            raise TypeError(f'@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes,'
+                            f' got {cls!r}')
+        cls._is_runtime_protocol = True
+
+        # typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 break if we execute this block,
+        # because typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 don't have a
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute, and this block relies on the
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute. Meanwhile, typing.Protocol classes on 3.12.2+
+        # break if we *don't* execute this block, because *they* assume that all
+        # protocol classes have a `__non_callable_proto_members__` attribute
+        # (which this block sets)
+        if isinstance(cls, _ProtocolMeta) or sys.version_info >= (3, 12, 2):
+            # PEP 544 prohibits using issubclass()
+            # with protocols that have non-method members.
+            # See gh-113320 for why we compute this attribute here,
+            # rather than in `_ProtocolMeta.__init__`
+            cls.__non_callable_proto_members__ = set()
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    is_callable = callable(getattr(cls, attr, None))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Failed to determine whether protocol member {attr!r} "
+                        "is a method member"
+                    ) from e
+                else:
+                    if not is_callable:
+                        cls.__non_callable_proto_members__.add(attr)
+
+        return cls
+
+
+# The "runtime" alias exists for backwards compatibility.
+runtime = runtime_checkable
+
+
+# Our version of runtime-checkable protocols is faster on Python 3.8-3.11
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    SupportsInt = typing.SupportsInt
+    SupportsFloat = typing.SupportsFloat
+    SupportsComplex = typing.SupportsComplex
+    SupportsBytes = typing.SupportsBytes
+    SupportsIndex = typing.SupportsIndex
+    SupportsAbs = typing.SupportsAbs
+    SupportsRound = typing.SupportsRound
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsInt(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __int__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __int__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsFloat(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __float__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __float__(self) -> float:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsComplex(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __complex__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __complex__(self) -> complex:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsBytes(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __bytes__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsIndex(Protocol):
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __index__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsAbs(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __abs__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __abs__(self) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsRound(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __round__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+
+def _ensure_subclassable(mro_entries):
+    def inner(func):
+        if sys.implementation.name == "pypy" and sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            cls_dict = {
+                "__call__": staticmethod(func),
+                "__mro_entries__": staticmethod(mro_entries)
+            }
+            t = type(func.__name__, (), cls_dict)
+            return functools.update_wrapper(t(), func)
+        else:
+            func.__mro_entries__ = mro_entries
+            return func
+    return inner
+
+
+# Update this to something like >=3.13.0b1 if and when
+# PEP 728 is implemented in CPython
+_PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED = False
+
+if _PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED:
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.8 does not store runtime information
+    # about which (if any) keys are optional.  See https://bugs.python.org/issue38834
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.9.0/1 does not honour the "total"
+    # keyword with old-style TypedDict().  See https://bugs.python.org/issue42059
+    # The standard library TypedDict below Python 3.11 does not store runtime
+    # information about optional and required keys when using Required or NotRequired.
+    # Generic TypedDicts are also impossible using typing.TypedDict on Python <3.11.
+    # Aaaand on 3.12 we add __orig_bases__ to TypedDict
+    # to enable better runtime introspection.
+    # On 3.13 we deprecate some odd ways of creating TypedDicts.
+    # Also on 3.13, PEP 705 adds the ReadOnly[] qualifier.
+    # PEP 728 (still pending) makes more changes.
+    TypedDict = typing.TypedDict
+    _TypedDictMeta = typing._TypedDictMeta
+    is_typeddict = typing.is_typeddict
+else:
+    # 3.10.0 and later
+    _TAKES_MODULE = "module" in inspect.signature(typing._type_check).parameters
+
+    def _get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type):
+        while True:
+            annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+            if annotation_origin is Annotated:
+                annotation_args = get_args(annotation_type)
+                if annotation_args:
+                    annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
+                else:
+                    break
+            elif annotation_origin is Required:
+                yield Required
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is NotRequired:
+                yield NotRequired
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is ReadOnly:
+                yield ReadOnly
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    class _TypedDictMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, *, total=True, closed=False):
+            """Create new typed dict class object.
+
+            This method is called when TypedDict is subclassed,
+            or when TypedDict is instantiated. This way
+            TypedDict supports all three syntax forms described in its docstring.
+            Subclasses and instances of TypedDict return actual dictionaries.
+            """
+            for base in bases:
+                if type(base) is not _TypedDictMeta and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError('cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type '
+                                    'and a non-TypedDict base class')
+
+            if any(issubclass(b, typing.Generic) for b in bases):
+                generic_base = (typing.Generic,)
+            else:
+                generic_base = ()
+
+            # typing.py generally doesn't let you inherit from plain Generic, unless
+            # the name of the class happens to be "Protocol"
+            tp_dict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, "Protocol", (*generic_base, dict), ns)
+            tp_dict.__name__ = name
+            if tp_dict.__qualname__ == "Protocol":
+                tp_dict.__qualname__ = name
+
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
+                tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
+
+            annotations = {}
+            if "__annotations__" in ns:
+                own_annotations = ns["__annotations__"]
+            elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+                # TODO: Use inspect.VALUE here, and make the annotations lazily evaluated
+                own_annotations = ns["__annotate__"](1)
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {}
+            msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
+            if _TAKES_MODULE:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            required_keys = set()
+            optional_keys = set()
+            readonly_keys = set()
+            mutable_keys = set()
+            extra_items_type = None
+
+            for base in bases:
+                base_dict = base.__dict__
+
+                annotations.update(base_dict.get('__annotations__', {}))
+                required_keys.update(base_dict.get('__required_keys__', ()))
+                optional_keys.update(base_dict.get('__optional_keys__', ()))
+                readonly_keys.update(base_dict.get('__readonly_keys__', ()))
+                mutable_keys.update(base_dict.get('__mutable_keys__', ()))
+                base_extra_items_type = base_dict.get('__extra_items__', None)
+                if base_extra_items_type is not None:
+                    extra_items_type = base_extra_items_type
+
+            if closed and extra_items_type is None:
+                extra_items_type = Never
+            if closed and "__extra_items__" in own_annotations:
+                annotation_type = own_annotations.pop("__extra_items__")
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "Required"
+                    )
+                if NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "NotRequired"
+                    )
+                extra_items_type = annotation_type
+
+            annotations.update(own_annotations)
+            for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_annotations.items():
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif total:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                if ReadOnly in qualifiers:
+                    mutable_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    mutable_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+
+            tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+            tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
+            tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
+            tp_dict.__readonly_keys__ = frozenset(readonly_keys)
+            tp_dict.__mutable_keys__ = frozenset(mutable_keys)
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__total__'):
+                tp_dict.__total__ = total
+            tp_dict.__closed__ = closed
+            tp_dict.__extra_items__ = extra_items_type
+            return tp_dict
+
+        __call__ = dict  # static method
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            # Typed dicts are only for static structural subtyping.
+            raise TypeError('TypedDict does not support instance and class checks')
+
+        __instancecheck__ = __subclasscheck__
+
+    _TypedDict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, 'TypedDict', (), {})
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(lambda bases: (_TypedDict,))
+    def TypedDict(typename, fields=_marker, /, *, total=True, closed=False, **kwargs):
+        """A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict.
+
+        TypedDict creates a dictionary type such that a type checker will expect all
+        instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is
+        associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation
+        is not checked at runtime.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+                label: str
+
+            a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK
+            b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # Fails type check
+
+            assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')
+
+        The type info can be accessed via the Point2D.__annotations__ dict, and
+        the Point2D.__required_keys__ and Point2D.__optional_keys__ frozensets.
+        TypedDict supports an additional equivalent form::
+
+            Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
+
+        By default, all keys must be present in a TypedDict. It is possible
+        to override this by specifying totality::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+
+        This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type
+        checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of
+        the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the
+        class body be required.
+
+        The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark
+        individual keys as being required or not required::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int  # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default)
+                y: NotRequired[int]  # the "y" key can be omitted
+
+        See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired.
+        """
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            if fields is _marker:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+
+            example = f"`{typename} = TypedDict({typename!r}, {{}})`"
+            deprecation_msg = (
+                f"{deprecated_thing} is deprecated and will be disallowed in "
+                "Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
+                "using the functional syntax, pass an empty dictionary, e.g. "
+            ) + example + "."
+            warnings.warn(deprecation_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            if closed is not False and closed is not True:
+                kwargs["closed"] = closed
+                closed = False
+            fields = kwargs
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("TypedDict takes either a dict or keyword arguments,"
+                            " but not both")
+        if kwargs:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+                raise TypeError("TypedDict takes no keyword arguments")
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The kwargs-based syntax for TypedDict definitions is deprecated "
+                "in Python 3.11, will be removed in Python 3.13, and may not be "
+                "understood by third-party type checkers.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        ns = {'__annotations__': dict(fields)}
+        module = _caller()
+        if module is not None:
+            # Setting correct module is necessary to make typed dict classes pickleable.
+            ns['__module__'] = module
+
+        td = _TypedDictMeta(typename, (), ns, total=total, closed=closed)
+        td.__orig_bases__ = (TypedDict,)
+        return td
+
+    if hasattr(typing, "_TypedDictMeta"):
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (typing._TypedDictMeta, _TypedDictMeta)
+    else:
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (_TypedDictMeta,)
+
+    def is_typeddict(tp):
+        """Check if an annotation is a TypedDict class
+
+        For example::
+            class Film(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: int
+
+            is_typeddict(Film)  # => True
+            is_typeddict(Union[list, str])  # => False
+        """
+        # On 3.8, this would otherwise return True
+        if hasattr(typing, "TypedDict") and tp is typing.TypedDict:
+            return False
+        return isinstance(tp, _TYPEDDICT_TYPES)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_type"):
+    assert_type = typing.assert_type
+
+else:
+    def assert_type(val, typ, /):
+        """Assert (to the type checker) that the value is of the given type.
+
+        When the type checker encounters a call to assert_type(), it
+        emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
+
+            def greet(name: str) -> None:
+                assert_type(name, str)  # ok
+                assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
+
+        At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged and otherwise
+        does nothing.
+        """
+        return val
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "ReadOnly"):  # 3.13+
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+else:  # <=3.13
+    # replaces _strip_annotations()
+    def _strip_extras(t):
+        """Strips Annotated, Required and NotRequired from a given type."""
+        if isinstance(t, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__origin__)
+        if hasattr(t, "__origin__") and t.__origin__ in (Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__args__[0])
+        if isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return t.copy_with(stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") and isinstance(t, _types.GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return _types.GenericAlias(t.__origin__, stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "UnionType") and isinstance(t, _types.UnionType):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, stripped_args)
+
+        return t
+
+    def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+        """Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T'
+        (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        if hasattr(typing, "Annotated"):  # 3.9+
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(
+                obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_extras=True
+            )
+        else:  # 3.8
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+        if include_extras:
+            return hint
+        return {k: _strip_extras(t) for k, t in hint.items()}
+
+
+# Python 3.9+ has PEP 593 (Annotated)
+if hasattr(typing, 'Annotated'):
+    Annotated = typing.Annotated
+    # Not exported and not a public API, but needed for get_origin() and get_args()
+    # to work.
+    _AnnotatedAlias = typing._AnnotatedAlias
+# 3.8
+else:
+    class _AnnotatedAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        """Runtime representation of an annotated type.
+
+        At its core 'Annotated[t, dec1, dec2, ...]' is an alias for the type 't'
+        with extra annotations. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias,
+        instantiating is the same as instantiating the underlying type, binding
+        it to types is also the same.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin, metadata):
+            if isinstance(origin, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                metadata = origin.__metadata__ + metadata
+                origin = origin.__origin__
+            super().__init__(origin, origin)
+            self.__metadata__ = metadata
+
+        def copy_with(self, params):
+            assert len(params) == 1
+            new_type = params[0]
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(new_type, self.__metadata__)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return (f"typing_extensions.Annotated[{typing._type_repr(self.__origin__)}, "
+                    f"{', '.join(repr(a) for a in self.__metadata__)}]")
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return operator.getitem, (
+                Annotated, (self.__origin__, *self.__metadata__)
+            )
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            if self.__origin__ != other.__origin__:
+                return False
+            return self.__metadata__ == other.__metadata__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__metadata__))
+
+    class Annotated:
+        """Add context specific metadata to a type.
+
+        Example: Annotated[int, runtime_check.Unsigned] indicates to the
+        hypothetical runtime_check module that this type is an unsigned int.
+        Every other consumer of this type can ignore this metadata and treat
+        this type as int.
+
+        The first argument to Annotated must be a valid type (and will be in
+        the __origin__ field), the remaining arguments are kept as a tuple in
+        the __extra__ field.
+
+        Details:
+
+        - It's an error to call `Annotated` with less than two arguments.
+        - Nested Annotated are flattened::
+
+            Annotated[Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2], Ann3] == Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2, Ann3]
+
+        - Instantiating an annotated type is equivalent to instantiating the
+        underlying type::
+
+            Annotated[C, Ann1](5) == C(5)
+
+        - Annotated can be used as a generic type alias::
+
+            Optimized = Annotated[T, runtime.Optimize()]
+            Optimized[int] == Annotated[int, runtime.Optimize()]
+
+            OptimizedList = Annotated[List[T], runtime.Optimize()]
+            OptimizedList[int] == Annotated[List[int], runtime.Optimize()]
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError("Type Annotated cannot be instantiated.")
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple) or len(params) < 2:
+                raise TypeError("Annotated[...] should be used "
+                                "with at least two arguments (a type and an "
+                                "annotation).")
+            allowed_special_forms = (ClassVar, Final)
+            if get_origin(params[0]) in allowed_special_forms:
+                origin = params[0]
+            else:
+                msg = "Annotated[t, ...]: t must be a type."
+                origin = typing._type_check(params[0], msg)
+            metadata = tuple(params[1:])
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(origin, metadata)
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Cannot subclass {cls.__module__}.Annotated"
+            )
+
+# Python 3.8 has get_origin() and get_args() but those implementations aren't
+# Annotated-aware, so we can't use those. Python 3.9's versions don't support
+# ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs, so only Python 3.10's versions will do.
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+    get_origin = typing.get_origin
+    get_args = typing.get_args
+# 3.8-3.9
+else:
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import _BaseGenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _BaseGenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import GenericAlias as _typing_GenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _typing_GenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+
+    def get_origin(tp):
+        """Get the unsubscripted version of a type.
+
+        This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar
+        and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples::
+
+            get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal
+            get_origin(int) is None
+            get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar
+            get_origin(Generic) is Generic
+            get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic
+            get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union
+            get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list
+            get_origin(P.args) is P
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return Annotated
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias, _BaseGenericAlias,
+                           ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs)):
+            return tp.__origin__
+        if tp is typing.Generic:
+            return typing.Generic
+        return None
+
+    def get_args(tp):
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return (tp.__origin__, *tp.__metadata__)
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias)):
+            if getattr(tp, "_special", False):
+                return ()
+            res = tp.__args__
+            if get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return ()
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeAlias'):
+    TypeAlias = typing.TypeAlias
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeAlias(self, parameters):
+        """Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example above.
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+# 3.8
+else:
+    TypeAlias = _ExtensionsSpecialForm(
+        'TypeAlias',
+        doc="""Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example
+        above."""
+    )
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "NoDefault"):
+    NoDefault = typing.NoDefault
+else:
+    class NoDefaultTypeMeta(type):
+        def __setattr__(cls, attr, value):
+            # TypeError is consistent with the behavior of NoneType
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"cannot set {attr!r} attribute of immutable type {cls.__name__!r}"
+            )
+
+    class NoDefaultType(metaclass=NoDefaultTypeMeta):
+        """The type of the NoDefault singleton."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls):
+            return globals().get("NoDefault") or object.__new__(cls)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "typing_extensions.NoDefault"
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return "NoDefault"
+
+    NoDefault = NoDefaultType()
+    del NoDefaultType, NoDefaultTypeMeta
+
+
+def _set_default(type_param, default):
+    type_param.has_default = lambda: default is not NoDefault
+    type_param.__default__ = default
+
+
+def _set_module(typevarlike):
+    # for pickling:
+    def_mod = _caller(depth=3)
+    if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+        typevarlike.__module__ = def_mod
+
+
+class _DefaultMixin:
+    """Mixin for TypeVarLike defaults."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __init__ = _set_default
+
+
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
+class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    # Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
+    class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    default=NoDefault, infer_variance=False):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented (3.12+), can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant,
+                                         infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant)
+                if infer_variance and (covariant or contravariant):
+                    raise ValueError("Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.")
+                typevar.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(typevar, default)
+            _set_module(typevar)
+
+            def _tvar_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                if (
+                    typevar.has_default()
+                    and alias.__parameters__.index(typevar) == len(args)
+                ):
+                    args += (typevar.__default__,)
+                return args
+
+            typevar.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _tvar_prepare_subst
+            return typevar
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ has PEP 612
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpecArgs'):
+    ParamSpecArgs = typing.ParamSpecArgs
+    ParamSpecKwargs = typing.ParamSpecKwargs
+# 3.8-3.9
+else:
+    class _Immutable:
+        """Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __copy__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+            return self
+
+    class ParamSpecArgs(_Immutable):
+        """The args for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs.
+
+        ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.args.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.args"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecArgs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+    class ParamSpecKwargs(_Immutable):
+        """The kwargs for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs.
+
+        ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.kwargs.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.kwargs"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecKwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+
+# 3.10+
+elif hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant,
+                                             infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant)
+                paramspec.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(paramspec, default)
+            _set_module(paramspec)
+
+            def _paramspec_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                i = params.index(paramspec)
+                if i == len(args) and paramspec.has_default():
+                    args = [*args, paramspec.__default__]
+                if i >= len(args):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias}")
+                # Special case where Z[[int, str, bool]] == Z[int, str, bool] in PEP 612.
+                if len(params) == 1 and not typing._is_param_expr(args[0]):
+                    assert i == 0
+                    args = (args,)
+                # Convert lists to tuples to help other libraries cache the results.
+                elif isinstance(args[i], list):
+                    args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i + 1:])
+                return args
+
+            paramspec.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _paramspec_prepare_subst
+            return paramspec
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+# 3.8-3.9
+else:
+
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class ParamSpec(list, _DefaultMixin):
+        """Parameter specification variable.
+
+        Usage::
+
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+        Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static
+        type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of one
+        callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order
+        functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``,
+        or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher,
+        they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime.
+        See class Generic for more information on generic types.  An
+        example for annotating a decorator::
+
+           T = TypeVar('T')
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+           def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+               '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
+               def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+                   logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
+                   return f(*args, **kwargs)
+               return inner
+
+           @add_logging
+           def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+               '''Add two numbers together.'''
+               return x + y
+
+        Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or
+        contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant
+        generic types.  These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics
+        are yet to be decided.  See PEP 612 for details.
+
+        Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.:
+
+           P.__name__ == 'T'
+           P.__bound__ == None
+           P.__covariant__ == False
+           P.__contravariant__ == False
+
+        Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can
+        be pickled.
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def args(self):
+            return ParamSpecArgs(self)
+
+        @property
+        def kwargs(self):
+            return ParamSpecKwargs(self)
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, bound=None, covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                     infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            list.__init__(self, [self])
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__covariant__ = bool(covariant)
+            self.__contravariant__ = bool(contravariant)
+            self.__infer_variance__ = bool(infer_variance)
+            if bound:
+                self.__bound__ = typing._type_check(bound, 'Bound must be a type.')
+            else:
+                self.__bound__ = None
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self.__infer_variance__:
+                prefix = ''
+            elif self.__covariant__:
+                prefix = '+'
+            elif self.__contravariant__:
+                prefix = '-'
+            else:
+                prefix = '~'
+            return prefix + self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+# 3.8-3.9
+if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(list):
+
+        # Trick Generic into looking into this for __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing._GenericAlias
+
+        # Flag in 3.8.
+        _special = False
+
+        def __init__(self, origin, args):
+            super().__init__(args)
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+            self.__args__ = args
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            _type_repr = typing._type_repr
+            return (f'{_type_repr(self.__origin__)}'
+                    f'[{", ".join(_type_repr(arg) for arg in self.__args__)}]')
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__args__))
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass in Generic.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @property
+        def __parameters__(self):
+            return tuple(
+                tp for tp in self.__args__ if isinstance(tp, (typing.TypeVar, ParamSpec))
+            )
+
+
+# 3.8-3.9
+@typing._tp_cache
+def _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters):
+    if parameters == ():
+        raise TypeError("Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.")
+    if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+        parameters = (parameters,)
+    if not isinstance(parameters[-1], ParamSpec):
+        raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable.")
+    msg = "Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type."
+    parameters = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in parameters)
+    return _ConcatenateGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    Concatenate = typing.Concatenate
+    _ConcatenateGenericAlias = typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Concatenate(self, parameters):
+        """Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """
+        return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+# 3.8
+else:
+    class _ConcatenateForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+
+    Concatenate = _ConcatenateForm(
+        'Concatenate',
+        doc="""Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """)
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeGuard'):
+    TypeGuard = typing.TypeGuard
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeGuard(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+# 3.8
+else:
+    class _TypeGuardForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    TypeGuard = _TypeGuardForm(
+        'TypeGuard',
+        doc="""Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """)
+
+# 3.13+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeIs'):
+    TypeIs = typing.TypeIs
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeIs(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type narrower function.  ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeIs`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the intersection of the type inside ``TypeGuard`` and the argument's
+        previously known type.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_awaitable(val: object) -> TypeIs[Awaitable[Any]]:
+                return hasattr(val, '__await__')
+
+            def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int:
+                if is_awaitable(val):
+                    assert_type(val, Awaitable[int])
+                else:
+                    assert_type(val, int)
+
+        ``TypeIs`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+# 3.8
+else:
+    class _TypeIsForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    TypeIs = _TypeIsForm(
+        'TypeIs',
+        doc="""Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type narrower function.  ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeIs`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the intersection of the type inside ``TypeGuard`` and the argument's
+        previously known type.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_awaitable(val: object) -> TypeIs[Awaitable[Any]]:
+                return hasattr(val, '__await__')
+
+            def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int:
+                if is_awaitable(val):
+                    assert_type(val, Awaitable[int])
+                else:
+                    assert_type(val, int)
+
+        ``TypeIs`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs).
+        """)
+
+
+# Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
+class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):
+    __slots__ = ('_name', '__doc__', '_getitem')
+
+    def __init__(self, getitem):
+        self._getitem = getitem
+        self._name = getitem.__name__
+        self.__doc__ = getitem.__doc__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in {'__name__', '__qualname__'}:
+            return self._name
+
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot subclass {self!r}")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'typing_extensions.{self._name}'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot instantiate {self!r}")
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with isinstance()")
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(self, cls):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with issubclass()")
+
+    @typing._tp_cache
+    def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+        return self._getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "LiteralString"):  # 3.11+
+    LiteralString = typing.LiteralString
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def LiteralString(self, params):
+        """Represents an arbitrary literal string.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import LiteralString
+
+          def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...:
+              ...
+
+          query("SELECT * FROM table")  # ok
+          query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}")  # not ok
+
+        See PEP 675 for details.
+
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Self"):  # 3.11+
+    Self = typing.Self
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Self(self, params):
+        """Used to spell the type of "self" in classes.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing import Self
+
+          class ReturnsSelf:
+              def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self:
+                  ...
+                  return self
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Never"):  # 3.11+
+    Never = typing.Never
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Never(self, params):
+        """The bottom type, a type that has no members.
+
+        This can be used to define a function that should never be
+        called, or a function that never returns::
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Never
+
+            def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                never_call_me(arg)  # type checker error
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        never_call_me(arg)  # ok, arg is of type Never
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Required'):  # 3.11+
+    Required = typing.Required
+    NotRequired = typing.NotRequired
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):  # 3.9-3.10
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Required(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def NotRequired(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+else:  # 3.8
+    class _RequiredForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Required = _RequiredForm(
+        'Required',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """)
+    NotRequired = _RequiredForm(
+        'NotRequired',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'ReadOnly'):
+    ReadOnly = typing.ReadOnly
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):  # 3.9-3.12
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def ReadOnly(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark an item of a TypedDict as read-only.
+
+        For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: ReadOnly[str]
+                year: int
+
+            def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:
+                m["year"] = 1992  # allowed
+                m["title"] = "The Matrix"  # typechecker error
+
+        There is no runtime checking for this property.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+else:  # 3.8
+    class _ReadOnlyForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    ReadOnly = _ReadOnlyForm(
+        'ReadOnly',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as read-only.
+
+        For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: ReadOnly[str]
+                year: int
+
+            def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:
+                m["year"] = 1992  # allowed
+                m["title"] = "The Matrix"  # typechecker error
+
+        There is no runtime checking for this propery.
+        """)
+
+
+_UNPACK_DOC = """\
+Type unpack operator.
+
+The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type,
+such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For
+example:
+
+  # For some generic class `Foo`:
+  Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]]  # Equivalent to Foo[int, str]
+
+  Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+  # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types.
+  # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual
+  #  `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the
+  #  `Generic[]`.)
+  class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ...
+  Bar[int]  # Valid
+  Bar[int, str]  # Also valid
+
+From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator:
+
+    Foo[*tuple[int, str]]
+    class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate
+`**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance:
+
+  class Movie(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    year: int
+
+  # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and
+  # *year* of type `int`.
+  def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
+
+Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not
+everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers.
+
+For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692.
+"""
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # PEP 692 changed the repr of Unpack[]
+    Unpack = typing.Unpack
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return get_origin(obj) is Unpack
+
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):  # 3.9+
+    class _UnpackSpecialForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, getitem):
+            super().__init__(getitem)
+            self.__doc__ = _UNPACK_DOC
+
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def __typing_unpacked_tuple_args__(self):
+            assert self.__origin__ is Unpack
+            assert len(self.__args__) == 1
+            arg, = self.__args__
+            if isinstance(arg, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)):
+                if arg.__origin__ is not tuple:
+                    raise TypeError("Unpack[...] must be used with a tuple type")
+                return arg.__args__
+            return None
+
+    @_UnpackSpecialForm
+    def Unpack(self, parameters):
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+else:  # 3.8
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+    class _UnpackForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Unpack = _UnpackForm('Unpack', doc=_UNPACK_DOC)
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple
+
+elif hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
+
+    def _unpack_args(*args):
+        newargs = []
+        for arg in args:
+            subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+            if subargs is not None and not (subargs and subargs[-1] is ...):
+                newargs.extend(subargs)
+            else:
+                newargs.append(arg)
+        return newargs
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
+            _set_default(tvt, default)
+            _set_module(tvt)
+
+            def _typevartuple_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                typevartuple_index = params.index(tvt)
+                for param in params[typevartuple_index + 1:]:
+                    if isinstance(param, TypeVarTuple):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"More than one TypeVarTuple parameter in {alias}"
+                        )
+
+                alen = len(args)
+                plen = len(params)
+                left = typevartuple_index
+                right = plen - typevartuple_index - 1
+                var_tuple_index = None
+                fillarg = None
+                for k, arg in enumerate(args):
+                    if not isinstance(arg, type):
+                        subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+                        if subargs and len(subargs) == 2 and subargs[-1] is ...:
+                            if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                                raise TypeError(
+                                    "More than one unpacked "
+                                    "arbitrary-length tuple argument"
+                                )
+                            var_tuple_index = k
+                            fillarg = subargs[0]
+                if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                    left = min(left, var_tuple_index)
+                    right = min(right, alen - var_tuple_index - 1)
+                elif left + right > alen:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias};"
+                                    f" actual {alen}, expected at least {plen - 1}")
+                if left == alen - right and tvt.has_default():
+                    replacement = _unpack_args(tvt.__default__)
+                else:
+                    replacement = args[left: alen - right]
+
+                return (
+                    *args[:left],
+                    *([fillarg] * (typevartuple_index - left)),
+                    replacement,
+                    *([fillarg] * (plen - right - left - typevartuple_index - 1)),
+                    *args[alen - right:],
+                )
+
+            tvt.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _typevartuple_prepare_subst
+            return tvt
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+else:  # <=3.10
+    class TypeVarTuple(_DefaultMixin):
+        """Type variable tuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+
+        In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single
+        type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple*
+        type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations.
+        Consider the following example::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+        The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``,
+        where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables
+        as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using
+        the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves
+        as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``.
+        In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows
+        us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can.
+        This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function
+        signatures and variable annotations::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]):
+
+                def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]):
+                    self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape
+
+                def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]:
+                    return self._shape
+
+            shape = (Height(480), Width(640))
+            x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape)
+            y = abs(x)  # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width]
+            z = x + x   #        ...    is Array[Height, Width]
+            x.get_shape()  #     ...    is tuple[Height, Width]
+
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            yield self.__unpacked__
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            self.__name__ = name
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+            self.__unpacked__ = Unpack[self]
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '_root' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "reveal_type"):  # 3.11+
+    reveal_type = typing.reveal_type
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def reveal_type(obj: T, /) -> T:
+        """Reveal the inferred type of a variable.
+
+        When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``,
+        it will emit the inferred type of the argument::
+
+            x: int = 1
+            reveal_type(x)
+
+        Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example
+        will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'.
+
+        At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the
+        argument and returns it unchanged.
+
+        """
+        print(f"Runtime type is {type(obj).__name__!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return obj
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH"):  # 3.11+
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = typing._ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH
+else:  # <=3.10
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = 100
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_never"):  # 3.11+
+    assert_never = typing.assert_never
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def assert_never(arg: Never, /) -> Never:
+        """Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable.
+
+        Example::
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(arg)
+
+        If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is
+        reachable, it will emit an error.
+
+        At runtime, this throws an exception when called.
+
+        """
+        value = repr(arg)
+        if len(value) > _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH:
+            value = value[:_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH] + '...'
+        raise AssertionError(f"Expected code to be unreachable, but got: {value}")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # 3.12+
+    # dataclass_transform exists in 3.11 but lacks the frozen_default parameter
+    dataclass_transform = typing.dataclass_transform
+else:  # <=3.11
+    def dataclass_transform(
+        *,
+        eq_default: bool = True,
+        order_default: bool = False,
+        kw_only_default: bool = False,
+        frozen_default: bool = False,
+        field_specifiers: typing.Tuple[
+            typing.Union[typing.Type[typing.Any], typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]],
+            ...
+        ] = (),
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[T], T]:
+        """Decorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing
+        dataclass-like behavior.
+
+        Example:
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+            _T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+            # Used on a decorator function
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+                ...
+                return cls
+
+            @create_model
+            class CustomerModel:
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a base class
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelBase: ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a metaclass
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelMeta(type): ...
+
+            class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+        Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now
+        behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass``
+        decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__``
+        method.
+
+        The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:
+        - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be
+          True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes
+          or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``.
+
+        At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the
+        ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+
+        See PEP 681 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(cls_or_fn):
+            cls_or_fn.__dataclass_transform__ = {
+                "eq_default": eq_default,
+                "order_default": order_default,
+                "kw_only_default": kw_only_default,
+                "frozen_default": frozen_default,
+                "field_specifiers": field_specifiers,
+                "kwargs": kwargs,
+            }
+            return cls_or_fn
+        return decorator
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "override"):  # 3.12+
+    override = typing.override
+else:  # <=3.11
+    _F = typing.TypeVar("_F", bound=typing.Callable[..., typing.Any])
+
+    def override(arg: _F, /) -> _F:
+        """Indicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            class Base:
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+            class Child(Base):
+                @override
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    super().method()
+
+        When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will
+        validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class.
+        This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed
+        without an equivalent change to a child class.
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+
+        See PEP 698 for details.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            arg.__override__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return arg
+
+
+if hasattr(warnings, "deprecated"):
+    deprecated = warnings.deprecated
+else:
+    _T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+    class deprecated:
+        """Indicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated.
+
+        When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker
+        will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            @deprecated("Use B instead")
+            class A:
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("Use g instead")
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+            @overload
+            @deprecated("int support is deprecated")
+            def g(x: int) -> int: ...
+            @overload
+            def g(x: str) -> int: ...
+
+        The warning specified by *category* will be emitted at runtime
+        on use of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls;
+        for classes, on instantiation and on creation of subclasses.
+        If the *category* is ``None``, no warning is emitted at runtime.
+        The *stacklevel* determines where the
+        warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning
+        is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it
+        is higher, it is emitted further up the stack.
+        Static type checker behavior is not affected by the *category*
+        and *stacklevel* arguments.
+
+        The deprecation message passed to the decorator is saved in the
+        ``__deprecated__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+        If applied to an overload, the decorator
+        must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to
+        exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``.
+
+        See PEP 702 for details.
+
+        """
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            message: str,
+            /,
+            *,
+            category: typing.Optional[typing.Type[Warning]] = DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel: int = 1,
+        ) -> None:
+            if not isinstance(message, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Expected an object of type str for 'message', not "
+                    f"{type(message).__name__!r}"
+                )
+            self.message = message
+            self.category = category
+            self.stacklevel = stacklevel
+
+        def __call__(self, arg: _T, /) -> _T:
+            # Make sure the inner functions created below don't
+            # retain a reference to self.
+            msg = self.message
+            category = self.category
+            stacklevel = self.stacklevel
+            if category is None:
+                arg.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif isinstance(arg, type):
+                import functools
+                from types import MethodType
+
+                original_new = arg.__new__
+
+                @functools.wraps(original_new)
+                def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                    if cls is arg:
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    if original_new is not object.__new__:
+                        return original_new(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                    # Mirrors a similar check in object.__new__.
+                    elif cls.__init__ is object.__init__ and (args or kwargs):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}() takes no arguments")
+                    else:
+                        return original_new(cls)
+
+                arg.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__)
+
+                original_init_subclass = arg.__init_subclass__
+                # We need slightly different behavior if __init_subclass__
+                # is a bound method (likely if it was implemented in Python)
+                if isinstance(original_init_subclass, MethodType):
+                    original_init_subclass = original_init_subclass.__func__
+
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = classmethod(__init_subclass__)
+                # Or otherwise, which likely means it's a builtin such as
+                # object's implementation of __init_subclass__.
+                else:
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = __init_subclass__
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = __new__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                __init_subclass__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif callable(arg):
+                import functools
+
+                @functools.wraps(arg)
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    return arg(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return wrapper
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "@deprecated decorator with non-None category must be applied to "
+                    f"a class or callable, not {arg!r}"
+                )
+
+
+# We have to do some monkey patching to deal with the dual nature of
+# Unpack/TypeVarTuple:
+# - We want Unpack to be a kind of TypeVar so it gets accepted in
+#   Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+# - We want it to *not* be treated as a TypeVar for the purposes of
+#   counting generic parameters, so that when we subscript a generic,
+#   the runtime doesn't try to substitute the Unpack with the subscripted type.
+if not hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen=_marker):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        if elen is _marker:
+            if not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__") or not cls.__parameters__:
+                raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+            elen = len(cls.__parameters__)
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+                num_tv_tuples = sum(isinstance(p, TypeVarTuple) for p in parameters)
+                if (num_tv_tuples > 0) and (alen >= elen - num_tv_tuples):
+                    return
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            things = "arguments" if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else "parameters"
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} {things}"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+else:
+    # Python 3.11+
+
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} arguments"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+
+if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    typing._check_generic = _check_generic
+
+
+def _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin() -> bool:
+    try:
+        frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    # - Catch AttributeError: not all Python implementations have sys._getframe()
+    # - Catch ValueError: maybe we're called from an unexpected module
+    #   and the call stack isn't deep enough
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        return False  # err on the side of leniency
+    else:
+        # If we somehow get invoked from outside typing.py,
+        # also err on the side of leniency
+        if frame.f_globals.get("__name__") != "typing":
+            return False
+        origin = frame.f_locals.get("origin")
+        # Cannot use "in" because origin may be an object with a buggy __eq__ that
+        # throws an error.
+        return origin is typing.Generic or origin is Protocol or origin is typing.Protocol
+
+
+_TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES = {TypeVarTuple, getattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple", None)}
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_typevartuple(x) -> bool:
+    if get_origin(x) is not Unpack:
+        return False
+    args = get_args(x)
+    return (
+        bool(args)
+        and len(args) == 1
+        and type(args[0]) in _TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES
+    )
+
+
+# Python 3.11+ _collect_type_vars was renamed to _collect_parameters
+if hasattr(typing, '_collect_type_vars'):
+    def _collect_type_vars(types, typevar_types=None):
+        """Collect all type variable contained in types in order of
+        first appearance (lexicographic order). For example::
+
+            _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S)
+        """
+        if typevar_types is None:
+            typevar_types = typing.TypeVar
+        tvars = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with a default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in types:
+            if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+            elif isinstance(t, typevar_types) and t not in tvars:
+                if enforce_default_ordering:
+                    has_default = getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                    if has_default:
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+                        default_encountered = True
+                    elif default_encountered:
+                        raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                        ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                tvars.append(t)
+            if _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+                tvars.extend([t for t in t.__parameters__ if t not in tvars])
+        return tuple(tvars)
+
+    typing._collect_type_vars = _collect_type_vars
+else:
+    def _collect_parameters(args):
+        """Collect all type variables and parameter specifications in args
+        in order of first appearance (lexicographic order).
+
+        For example::
+
+            assert _collect_parameters((T, Callable[P, T])) == (T, P)
+        """
+        parameters = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in args:
+            if isinstance(t, type):
+                # We don't want __parameters__ descriptor of a bare Python class.
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(t, tuple):
+                # `t` might be a tuple, when `ParamSpec` is substituted with
+                # `[T, int]`, or `[int, *Ts]`, etc.
+                for x in t:
+                    for collected in _collect_parameters([x]):
+                        if collected not in parameters:
+                            parameters.append(collected)
+            elif hasattr(t, '__typing_subst__'):
+                if t not in parameters:
+                    if enforce_default_ordering:
+                        has_default = (
+                            getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                        )
+
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered and has_default:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+
+                        if has_default:
+                            default_encountered = True
+                        elif default_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                            ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                    parameters.append(t)
+            else:
+                if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                    type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+                for x in getattr(t, '__parameters__', ()):
+                    if x not in parameters:
+                        parameters.append(x)
+
+        return tuple(parameters)
+
+    if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+        typing._collect_parameters = _collect_parameters
+
+# Backport typing.NamedTuple as it exists in Python 3.13.
+# In 3.11, the ability to define generic `NamedTuple`s was supported.
+# This was explicitly disallowed in 3.9-3.10, and only half-worked in <=3.8.
+# On 3.12, we added __orig_bases__ to call-based NamedTuples
+# On 3.13, we deprecated kwargs-based NamedTuples
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    NamedTuple = typing.NamedTuple
+else:
+    def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults=()):
+        fields = [n for n, t in types]
+        annotations = {n: typing._type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+                       for n, t in types}
+        nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
+                                        defaults=defaults, module=module)
+        nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = annotations
+        # The `_field_types` attribute was removed in 3.9;
+        # in earlier versions, it is the same as the `__annotations__` attribute
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            nm_tpl._field_types = annotations
+        return nm_tpl
+
+    _prohibited_namedtuple_fields = typing._prohibited
+    _special_namedtuple_fields = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+
+    class _NamedTupleMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
+            assert _NamedTuple in bases
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is not _NamedTuple and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
+            bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
+            if "__annotations__" in ns:
+                types = ns["__annotations__"]
+            elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+                # TODO: Use inspect.VALUE here, and make the annotations lazily evaluated
+                types = ns["__annotate__"](1)
+            else:
+                types = {}
+            default_names = []
+            for field_name in types:
+                if field_name in ns:
+                    default_names.append(field_name)
+                elif default_names:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Non-default namedtuple field {field_name} "
+                                    f"cannot follow default field"
+                                    f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
+                                    f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
+            nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(
+                typename, types.items(),
+                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
+                module=ns['__module__']
+            )
+            nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                if hasattr(typing, '_generic_class_getitem'):  # 3.12+
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(typing._generic_class_getitem)
+                else:
+                    class_getitem = typing.Generic.__class_getitem__.__func__
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(class_getitem)
+            # update from user namespace without overriding special namedtuple attributes
+            for key, val in ns.items():
+                if key in _prohibited_namedtuple_fields:
+                    raise AttributeError("Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute " + key)
+                elif key not in _special_namedtuple_fields:
+                    if key not in nm_tpl._fields:
+                        setattr(nm_tpl, key, ns[key])
+                    try:
+                        set_name = type(val).__set_name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            set_name(val, nm_tpl, key)
+                        except BaseException as e:
+                            msg = (
+                                f"Error calling __set_name__ on {type(val).__name__!r} "
+                                f"instance {key!r} in {typename!r}"
+                            )
+                            # BaseException.add_note() existed on py311,
+                            # but the __set_name__ machinery didn't start
+                            # using add_note() until py312.
+                            # Making sure exceptions are raised in the same way
+                            # as in "normal" classes seems most important here.
+                            if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+                                e.add_note(msg)
+                                raise
+                            else:
+                                raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
+
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                nm_tpl.__init_subclass__()
+            return nm_tpl
+
+    _NamedTuple = type.__new__(_NamedTupleMeta, 'NamedTuple', (), {})
+
+    def _namedtuple_mro_entries(bases):
+        assert NamedTuple in bases
+        return (_NamedTuple,)
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(_namedtuple_mro_entries)
+    def NamedTuple(typename, fields=_marker, /, **kwargs):
+        """Typed version of namedtuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Employee(NamedTuple):
+                name: str
+                id: int
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])
+
+        The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a
+        dict that maps field names to types.  (The field names are also in
+        the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.)
+        An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted::
+
+            Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
+        """
+        if fields is _marker:
+            if kwargs:
+                deprecated_thing = "Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "Use the class-based or functional syntax instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif fields is None:
+            if kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
+                    "and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("Either list of fields or keywords"
+                            " can be provided to NamedTuple, not both")
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                deprecation_msg.format(name=deprecated_thing, remove="3.15"),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            fields = kwargs.items()
+        nt = _make_nmtuple(typename, fields, module=_caller())
+        nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
+        return nt
+
+
+if hasattr(collections.abc, "Buffer"):
+    Buffer = collections.abc.Buffer
+else:
+    class Buffer(abc.ABC):  # noqa: B024
+        """Base class for classes that implement the buffer protocol.
+
+        The buffer protocol allows Python objects to expose a low-level
+        memory buffer interface. Before Python 3.12, it is not possible
+        to implement the buffer protocol in pure Python code, or even
+        to check whether a class implements the buffer protocol. In
+        Python 3.12 and higher, the ``__buffer__`` method allows access
+        to the buffer protocol from Python code, and the
+        ``collections.abc.Buffer`` ABC allows checking whether a class
+        implements the buffer protocol.
+
+        To indicate support for the buffer protocol in earlier versions,
+        inherit from this ABC, either in a stub file or at runtime,
+        or use ABC registration. This ABC provides no methods, because
+        there is no Python-accessible methods shared by pre-3.12 buffer
+        classes. It is useful primarily for static checks.
+
+        """
+
+    # As a courtesy, register the most common stdlib buffer classes.
+    Buffer.register(memoryview)
+    Buffer.register(bytearray)
+    Buffer.register(bytes)
+
+
+# Backport of types.get_original_bases, available on 3.12+ in CPython
+if hasattr(_types, "get_original_bases"):
+    get_original_bases = _types.get_original_bases
+else:
+    def get_original_bases(cls, /):
+        """Return the class's "original" bases prior to modification by `__mro_entries__`.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            from typing import TypeVar, Generic
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            class Foo(Generic[T]): ...
+            class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...
+            class Baz(list[str]): ...
+            Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)])
+            Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str})
+
+            assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)
+            assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)
+            assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)
+            assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)
+            assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)
+        """
+        try:
+            return cls.__dict__.get("__orig_bases__", cls.__bases__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Expected an instance of type, not {type(cls).__name__!r}'
+            ) from None
+
+
+# NewType is a class on Python 3.10+, making it pickleable
+# The error message for subclassing instances of NewType was improved on 3.11+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    NewType = typing.NewType
+else:
+    class NewType:
+        """NewType creates simple unique types with almost zero
+        runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp
+        by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns
+        a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage::
+            UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
+            def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str:
+                ...
+            UserId('user')          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(42)          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(UserId(42))  # OK
+            num = UserId(5) + 1     # type: int
+        """
+
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+        def __init__(self, name, tp):
+            self.__qualname__ = name
+            if '.' in name:
+                name = name.rpartition('.')[-1]
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__supertype__ = tp
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            # We defined __mro_entries__ to get a better error message
+            # if a user attempts to subclass a NewType instance. bpo-46170
+            supercls_name = self.__name__
+
+            class Dummy:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls):
+                    subcls_name = cls.__name__
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. "
+                        f"Perhaps you were looking for: "
+                        f"`{subcls_name} = NewType({subcls_name!r}, {supercls_name})`"
+                    )
+
+            return (Dummy,)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f'{self.__module__}.{self.__qualname__}'
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__qualname__
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            # PEP 604 methods
+            # It doesn't make sense to have these methods on Python <3.10
+
+            def __or__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+            def __ror__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+    TypeAliasType = typing.TypeAliasType
+else:
+    def _is_unionable(obj):
+        """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+        return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+            type,
+            _types.GenericAlias,
+            _types.UnionType,
+            TypeAliasType,
+        ))
+
+    class TypeAliasType:
+        """Create named, parameterized type aliases.
+
+        This provides a backport of the new `type` statement in Python 3.12:
+
+            type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]
+
+        is equivalent to:
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            ListOrSet = TypeAliasType("ListOrSet", list[T] | set[T], type_params=(T,))
+
+        The name ListOrSet can then be used as an alias for the type it refers to.
+
+        The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used
+        in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this
+        argument is omitted.
+
+        Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using
+        TypeAliasType that follow these rules:
+
+        - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal.
+        - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable
+          of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid,
+          as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)').
+
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, value, *, type_params=()):
+            if not isinstance(name, str):
+                raise TypeError("TypeAliasType name must be a string")
+            self.__value__ = value
+            self.__type_params__ = type_params
+
+            parameters = []
+            for type_param in type_params:
+                if isinstance(type_param, TypeVarTuple):
+                    parameters.extend(type_param)
+                else:
+                    parameters.append(type_param)
+            self.__parameters__ = tuple(parameters)
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+            # Setting this attribute closes the TypeAliasType from further modification
+            self.__name__ = name
+
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
+            if hasattr(self, "__name__"):
+                self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+        def __delattr__(self, name: str, /) -> Never:
+            self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+
+        def _raise_attribute_error(self, name: str) -> Never:
+            # Match the Python 3.12 error messages exactly
+            if name == "__name__":
+                raise AttributeError("readonly attribute")
+            elif name in {"__value__", "__type_params__", "__parameters__", "__module__"}:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"attribute '{name}' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects "
+                    "is not writable"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+                )
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+            parameters = [
+                typing._type_check(
+                    item, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                )
+                for item in parameters
+            ]
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, tuple(parameters))
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "type 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base type"
+            )
+
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that TypeAliasTypes are types.
+        def __call__(self):
+            raise TypeError("Type alias is not callable")
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def __or__(self, right):
+                # For forward compatibility with 3.12, reject Unions
+                # that are not accepted by the built-in Union.
+                if not _is_unionable(right):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[self, right]
+
+            def __ror__(self, left):
+                if not _is_unionable(left):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[left, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "is_protocol"):
+    is_protocol = typing.is_protocol
+    get_protocol_members = typing.get_protocol_members
+else:
+    def is_protocol(tp: type, /) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given type is a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> is_protocol(P)
+            True
+            >>> is_protocol(int)
+            False
+        """
+        return (
+            isinstance(tp, type)
+            and getattr(tp, '_is_protocol', False)
+            and tp is not Protocol
+            and tp is not typing.Protocol
+        )
+
+    def get_protocol_members(tp: type, /) -> typing.FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Return the set of members defined in a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> get_protocol_members(P)
+            frozenset({'a', 'b'})
+
+        Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols.
+        """
+        if not is_protocol(tp):
+            raise TypeError(f'{tp!r} is not a Protocol')
+        if hasattr(tp, '__protocol_attrs__'):
+            return frozenset(tp.__protocol_attrs__)
+        return frozenset(_get_protocol_attrs(tp))
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Doc"):
+    Doc = typing.Doc
+else:
+    class Doc:
+        """Define the documentation of a type annotation using ``Annotated``, to be
+         used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values,
+         and variables.
+
+        The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools
+        like editors and documentation generators to use it.
+
+        This complements docstrings.
+
+        The string value passed is available in the attribute ``documentation``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc
+            >>> def hi(to: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None: ...
+        """
+        def __init__(self, documentation: str, /) -> None:
+            self.documentation = documentation
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return f"Doc({self.documentation!r})"
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(self.documentation)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+            if not isinstance(other, Doc):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.documentation == other.documentation
+
+
+_CapsuleType = getattr(_types, "CapsuleType", None)
+
+if _CapsuleType is None:
+    try:
+        import _socket
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        _CAPI = getattr(_socket, "CAPI", None)
+        if _CAPI is not None:
+            _CapsuleType = type(_CAPI)
+
+if _CapsuleType is not None:
+    CapsuleType = _CapsuleType
+    __all__.append("CapsuleType")
+
+
+# Aliases for items that have always been in typing.
+# Explicitly assign these (rather than using `from typing import *` at the top),
+# so that we get a CI error if one of these is deleted from typing.py
+# in a future version of Python
+AbstractSet = typing.AbstractSet
+AnyStr = typing.AnyStr
+BinaryIO = typing.BinaryIO
+Callable = typing.Callable
+Collection = typing.Collection
+Container = typing.Container
+Dict = typing.Dict
+ForwardRef = typing.ForwardRef
+FrozenSet = typing.FrozenSet
+Generic = typing.Generic
+Hashable = typing.Hashable
+IO = typing.IO
+ItemsView = typing.ItemsView
+Iterable = typing.Iterable
+Iterator = typing.Iterator
+KeysView = typing.KeysView
+List = typing.List
+Mapping = typing.Mapping
+MappingView = typing.MappingView
+Match = typing.Match
+MutableMapping = typing.MutableMapping
+MutableSequence = typing.MutableSequence
+MutableSet = typing.MutableSet
+Optional = typing.Optional
+Pattern = typing.Pattern
+Reversible = typing.Reversible
+Sequence = typing.Sequence
+Set = typing.Set
+Sized = typing.Sized
+TextIO = typing.TextIO
+Tuple = typing.Tuple
+Union = typing.Union
+ValuesView = typing.ValuesView
+cast = typing.cast
+no_type_check = typing.no_type_check
+no_type_check_decorator = typing.no_type_check_decorator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fa382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""
+Python HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, user friendly, and more
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+import warnings
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import exceptions
+from ._version import __version__
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, connection_from_url
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.request import make_headers
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import get_host
+
+# === NOTE TO REPACKAGERS AND VENDORS ===
+# Please delete this block, this logic is only
+# for urllib3 being distributed via PyPI.
+# See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680
+try:
+    import urllib3_secure_extra  # type: ignore # noqa: F401
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    warnings.warn(
+        "'urllib3[secure]' extra is deprecated and will be removed "
+        "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+        "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+__author__ = "Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__version__ = __version__
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HTTPConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPSConnectionPool",
+    "PoolManager",
+    "ProxyManager",
+    "HTTPResponse",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "add_stderr_logger",
+    "connection_from_url",
+    "disable_warnings",
+    "encode_multipart_formdata",
+    "get_host",
+    "make_headers",
+    "proxy_from_url",
+)
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+
+def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
+    debugging.
+
+    Returns the handler after adding it.
+    """
+    # This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
+    # even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s"))
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(level)
+    logger.debug("Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s", __name__)
+    return handler
+
+
+# ... Clean up.
+del NullHandler
+
+
+# All warning filters *must* be appended unless you're really certain that they
+# shouldn't be: otherwise, it's very hard for users to use most Python
+# mechanisms to silence them.
+# SecurityWarning's always go off by default.
+warnings.simplefilter("always", exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
+# SubjectAltNameWarning's should go off once per host
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SubjectAltNameWarning, append=True)
+# InsecurePlatformWarning's don't vary between requests, so we keep it default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning, append=True)
+# SNIMissingWarnings should go off only once.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SNIMissingWarning, append=True)
+
+
+def disable_warnings(category=exceptions.HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly disabling all urllib3 warnings.
+    """
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bceb845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
+try:
+    from threading import RLock
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: No threads available
+
+    class RLock:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            pass
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+            pass
+
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import iterkeys, itervalues
+
+__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]
+
+
+_Null = object()
+
+
+class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
+    ``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
+    ``maxsize``.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
+
+    :param dispose_func:
+        Every time an item is evicted from the container,
+        ``dispose_func(value)`` is called.  Callback which will get called
+    """
+
+    ContainerCls = OrderedDict
+
+    def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self.dispose_func = dispose_func
+
+        self._container = self.ContainerCls()
+        self.lock = RLock()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
+        with self.lock:
+            item = self._container.pop(key)
+            self._container[key] = item
+            return item
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        evicted_value = _Null
+        with self.lock:
+            # Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
+            evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
+            self._container[key] = value
+
+            # If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
+            # least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
+            if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
+                _key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)
+
+        if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
+            self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        with self.lock:
+            value = self._container.pop(key)
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
+        )
+
+    def clear(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            # Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
+            values = list(itervalues(self._container))
+            self._container.clear()
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            for value in values:
+                self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return list(iterkeys(self._container))
+
+
+class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    :param headers:
+        An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
+        when compared case-insensitively.
+
+    :param kwargs:
+        Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.
+
+    A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.
+
+    Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
+    RFC 7230. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
+    case-insensitive pair.
+
+    Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
+    case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
+    compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
+    in a loop.
+
+    If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
+    constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
+    lost.
+
+    >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
+    >>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
+    >>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
+    >>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
+    >>> headers['SET-cookie']
+    'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
+    >>> headers['Content-Length']
+    '7'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None, **kwargs):
+        super(HTTPHeaderDict, self).__init__()
+        self._container = OrderedDict()
+        if headers is not None:
+            if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+                self._copy_from(headers)
+            else:
+                self.extend(headers)
+        if kwargs:
+            self.extend(kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
+        self._container[key.lower()] = [key, val]
+        return self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        val = self._container[key.lower()]
+        return ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key.lower() in self._container
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = type(self)(other)
+        return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) == dict(
+            (k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2
+        iterkeys = MutableMapping.iterkeys
+        itervalues = MutableMapping.itervalues
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Only provide the originally cased names
+        for vals in self._container.values():
+            yield vals[0]
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+        """
+        # Using the MutableMapping function directly fails due to the private marker.
+        # Using ordinary dict.pop would expose the internal structures.
+        # So let's reinvent the wheel.
+        try:
+            value = self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise
+            return default
+        else:
+            del self[key]
+            return value
+
+    def discard(self, key):
+        try:
+            del self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def add(self, key, val):
+        """Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
+        exists.
+
+        >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
+        >>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
+        >>> headers['foo']
+        'bar, baz'
+        """
+        key_lower = key.lower()
+        new_vals = [key, val]
+        # Keep the common case aka no item present as fast as possible
+        vals = self._container.setdefault(key_lower, new_vals)
+        if new_vals is not vals:
+            vals.append(val)
+
+    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Generic import function for any type of header-like object.
+        Adapted version of MutableMapping.update in order to insert items
+        with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
+        """
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "extend() takes at most 1 positional "
+                "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args))
+            )
+        other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()
+
+        if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            for key, val in other.iteritems():
+                self.add(key, val)
+        elif isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            for key in other:
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            for key in other.keys():
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self.add(key, value)
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def getlist(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
+        empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
+        try:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                return []
+            return default
+        else:
+            return vals[1:]
+
+    def _prepare_for_method_change(self):
+        """
+        Remove content-specific header fields before changing the request
+        method to GET or HEAD according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.
+        """
+        content_specific_headers = [
+            "Content-Encoding",
+            "Content-Language",
+            "Content-Location",
+            "Content-Type",
+            "Content-Length",
+            "Digest",
+            "Last-Modified",
+        ]
+        for header in content_specific_headers:
+            self.discard(header)
+        return self
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for httplib
+    getheaders = getlist
+    getallmatchingheaders = getlist
+    iget = getlist
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    get_all = getlist
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, dict(self.itermerged()))
+
+    def _copy_from(self, other):
+        for key in other:
+            val = other.getlist(key)
+            if isinstance(val, list):
+                # Don't need to convert tuples
+                val = list(val)
+            self._container[key.lower()] = [key] + val
+
+    def copy(self):
+        clone = type(self)()
+        clone._copy_from(self)
+        return clone
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Iterate over all header lines, including duplicate ones."""
+        for key in self:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+            for val in vals[1:]:
+                yield vals[0], val
+
+    def itermerged(self):
+        """Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
+        for key in self:
+            val = self._container[key.lower()]
+            yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def items(self):
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(cls, message):  # Python 2
+        """Read headers from a Python 2 httplib message object."""
+        # python2.7 does not expose a proper API for exporting multiheaders
+        # efficiently. This function re-reads raw lines from the message
+        # object and extracts the multiheaders properly.
+        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (" ", "\t")
+        headers = []
+
+        for line in message.headers:
+            if line.startswith(obs_fold_continued_leaders):
+                if not headers:
+                    # We received a header line that starts with OWS as described
+                    # in RFC-7230 S3.2.4. This indicates a multiline header, but
+                    # there exists no previous header to which we can attach it.
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Header continuation with no previous header: %s" % line
+                    )
+                else:
+                    key, value = headers[-1]
+                    headers[-1] = (key, value + " " + line.strip())
+                    continue
+
+            key, value = line.split(":", 1)
+            headers.append((key, value.strip()))
+
+        return cls(headers)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85e725e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# This file is protected via CODEOWNERS
+__version__ = "1.26.18"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54b96b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
+from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context
+
+try:  # Compiled with SSL?
+    import ssl
+
+    BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
+    ssl = None
+
+    class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    # Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    ConnectionError = ConnectionError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2
+    class ConnectionError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+try:  # Python 3:
+    # Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
+except NameError:  # Python 2:
+
+    class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict  # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
+from ._version import __version__
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+    SystemTimeWarning,
+)
+from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
+from .util.ssl_ import (
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    create_urllib3_context,
+    is_ipaddress,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
+# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
+RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2022, 1, 1)
+
+_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
+    """
+    Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
+    backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
+
+    Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
+    Accepted parameters include:
+
+    - ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    - ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
+    - ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
+      defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
+      Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.
+
+      For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
+      you might pass:
+
+      .. code-block:: python
+
+         HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
+             (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
+         ]
+
+      Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]
+
+    #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
+    #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
+    default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]
+
+    #: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
+    is_verified = False
+
+    #: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
+    #: certificate.
+    proxy_is_verified = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        if not six.PY2:
+            kw.pop("strict", None)
+
+        # Pre-set source_address.
+        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")
+
+        #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
+        #: provided, we use the default options.
+        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)
+
+        # Proxy options provided by the user.
+        self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
+        self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)
+
+        _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        """
+        Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.
+
+        In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
+        fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
+        checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
+        servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.
+
+        However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
+        lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
+        whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
+        list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
+        those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
+        actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
+        """
+        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
+
+    @host.setter
+    def host(self, value):
+        """
+        Setter for the `host` property.
+
+        We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
+        only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
+        """
+        self._dns_host = value
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
+
+        :return: New socket connection.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = connection.create_connection(
+                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except SocketError as e:
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+    def _is_using_tunnel(self):
+        # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
+        return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        self.sock = conn
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+    def connect(self):
+        conn = self._new_conn()
+        self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
+        """ """
+        # Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
+        # is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
+        match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
+        if match:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
+                % (method, match.group())
+            )
+
+        return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def putheader(self, header, *values):
+        """ """
+        if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
+            _HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
+        elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
+                % ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
+            )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        # Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
+        # This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
+        if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
+            self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        else:
+            # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
+            headers = headers.copy()
+        if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
+            headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
+        super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
+
+    def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        """
+        Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
+        body with chunked encoding and not as one block
+        """
+        headers = headers or {}
+        header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
+        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
+        skip_host = "host" in header_keys
+        self.putrequest(
+            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
+        )
+        if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
+        for header, value in headers.items():
+            self.putheader(header, value)
+        if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
+        self.endheaders()
+
+        if body is not None:
+            stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
+            if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
+                body = (body,)
+            for chunk in body:
+                if not chunk:
+                    continue
+                if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
+                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
+                len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
+                to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                to_send += chunk
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                self.send(to_send)
+
+        # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
+        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+
+
+class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
+    socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]
+
+    cert_reqs = None
+    ca_certs = None
+    ca_cert_dir = None
+    ca_cert_data = None
+    ssl_version = None
+    assert_fingerprint = None
+    tls_in_tls_required = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        strict=None,
+        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        ssl_context=None,
+        server_hostname=None,
+        **kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self.server_hostname = server_hostname
+
+        # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
+        # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
+        self._protocol = "https"
+
+    def set_cert(
+        self,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        ca_cert_data=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
+        """
+        # If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
+        # have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
+        if cert_reqs is None:
+            if self.ssl_context is not None:
+                cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
+            else:
+                cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
+        self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
+
+    def connect(self):
+        # Add certificate verification
+        self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
+        hostname = self.host
+        tls_in_tls = False
+
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            if self.tls_in_tls_required:
+                self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
+                tls_in_tls = True
+
+            # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
+            # self._tunnel_host below.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+            # Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
+            hostname = self._tunnel_host
+
+        server_hostname = hostname
+        if self.server_hostname is not None:
+            server_hostname = self.server_hostname
+
+        is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
+        if is_time_off:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
+                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
+                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
+                SystemTimeWarning,
+            )
+
+        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
+        # trusted_root_certs
+        default_ssl_context = False
+        if self.ssl_context is None:
+            default_ssl_context = True
+            self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
+                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
+            )
+
+        context = self.ssl_context
+        context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
+
+        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
+        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
+        if (
+            not self.ca_certs
+            and not self.ca_cert_dir
+            and not self.ca_cert_data
+            and default_ssl_context
+            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
+        ):
+            context.load_default_certs()
+
+        self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            keyfile=self.key_file,
+            certfile=self.cert_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            ssl_context=context,
+            tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
+        )
+
+        # If we're using all defaults and the connection
+        # is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
+        # for the host.
+        if (
+            default_ssl_context
+            and self.ssl_version is None
+            and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
+            and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
+                "and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
+                "'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
+                "with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+
+        if self.assert_fingerprint:
+            assert_fingerprint(
+                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
+            )
+        elif (
+            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
+            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
+            and self.assert_hostname is not False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)
+
+        self.is_verified = (
+            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
+        )
+
+    def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
+        """
+        Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
+        """
+        proxy_config = self.proxy_config
+        ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
+        if ssl_context:
+            # If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
+            # certificates have already been set
+            return ssl_wrap_socket(
+                sock=conn,
+                server_hostname=hostname,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+
+        ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
+            self.ssl_version,
+            self.cert_reqs,
+            self.ca_certs,
+            self.ca_cert_dir,
+            self.ca_cert_data,
+        )
+
+        # If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
+        # certificate validation
+        socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=hostname,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
+            ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = socket.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, hostname)
+
+        self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        return socket
+
+
+def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
+    # Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
+    # only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
+    # match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
+    stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
+    if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
+        asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname
+
+    try:
+        match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
+    except CertificateError as e:
+        log.warning(
+            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
+            asserted_hostname,
+            cert,
+        )
+        # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
+        # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
+        e._peer_cert = cert
+        raise
+
+
+def _get_default_user_agent():
+    return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__
+
+
+class DummyConnection(object):
+    """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+if not ssl:
+    HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection  # noqa: F811
+
+
+VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a6adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import errno
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import (
+    BaseSSLError,
+    BrokenPipeError,
+    DummyConnection,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPException,
+    HTTPSConnection,
+    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
+    port_by_scheme,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ClosedPoolError,
+    EmptyPoolError,
+    HeaderParsingError,
+    HostChangedError,
+    InsecureRequestWarning,
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves import queue
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.queue import LifoQueue
+from .util.request import set_file_position
+from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import Url, _encode_target
+from .util.url import _normalize_host as normalize_host
+from .util.url import get_host, parse_url
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    import weakref
+
+    weakref_finalize = weakref.finalize
+except AttributeError:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from .packages.backports.weakref_finalize import weakref_finalize
+
+xrange = six.moves.xrange
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Pool objects
+class ConnectionPool(object):
+    """
+    Base class for all connection pools, such as
+    :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.
+
+    .. note::
+       ConnectionPool.urlopen() does not normalize or percent-encode target URIs
+       which is useful if your target server doesn't support percent-encoded
+       target URIs.
+    """
+
+    scheme = None
+    QueueCls = LifoQueue
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port=None):
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
+        self._proxy_host = host.lower()
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.close()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
+_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Thread-safe connection pool for one host.
+
+    :param host:
+        Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param port:
+        Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
+        into :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param strict:
+        Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
+        as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+        .. note::
+           Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.
+
+    :param timeout:
+        Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
+        be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
+        or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
+        fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
+        been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
+        in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to False, more
+        connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
+        been used.
+
+    :param block:
+        If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
+        a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
+        until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
+        particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
+        than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param retries:
+        Retry configuration to use by default with requests in this pool.
+
+    :param _proxy:
+        Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
+        :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param _proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
+        instead, see :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param \\**conn_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection`,
+        :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "http"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
+    ResponseCls = HTTPResponse
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        _proxy_config=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+        ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+
+        self.strict = strict
+
+        if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = Retry.DEFAULT
+
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.retries = retries
+
+        self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
+        self.block = block
+
+        self.proxy = _proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_config = _proxy_config
+
+        # Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
+        for _ in xrange(maxsize):
+            self.pool.put(None)
+
+        # These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
+        self.num_connections = 0
+        self.num_requests = 0
+        self.conn_kw = conn_kw
+
+        if self.proxy:
+            # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
+            # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
+            # list.
+            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])
+
+            self.conn_kw["proxy"] = self.proxy
+            self.conn_kw["proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        # Do not pass 'self' as callback to 'finalize'.
+        # Then the 'finalize' would keep an endless living (leak) to self.
+        # By just passing a reference to the pool allows the garbage collector
+        # to free self if nobody else has a reference to it.
+        pool = self.pool
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool before the
+        # HTTPConnectionPool object is garbage collected.
+        weakref_finalize(self, _close_pool_connections, pool)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "80",
+        )
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+        return conn
+
+    def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
+        """
+        Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.
+
+        If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
+        fresh connection is returned.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
+            :class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
+            :prop:`.block` is ``True``.
+        """
+        conn = None
+        try:
+            conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)
+
+        except AttributeError:  # self.pool is None
+            raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")
+
+        except queue.Empty:
+            if self.block:
+                raise EmptyPoolError(
+                    self,
+                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more connections are allowed.",
+                )
+            pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
+
+        # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
+        if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
+            log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
+            conn.close()
+            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
+                # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
+                # http.client._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
+                # attempt to bypass the proxy)
+                conn = None
+
+        return conn or self._new_conn()
+
+    def _put_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Put a connection back into the pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
+            :meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.
+
+        If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
+        because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
+        then maxsize should be increased.
+
+        If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
+            return  # Everything is dandy, done.
+        except AttributeError:
+            # self.pool is None.
+            pass
+        except queue.Full:
+            # This should never happen if self.block == True
+            log.warning(
+                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s. Connection pool size: %s",
+                self.host,
+                self.pool.qsize(),
+            )
+        # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
+        if conn:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        # Nothing to do for HTTP connections.
+        pass
+
+    def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
+        """Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`"""
+        if timeout is _Default:
+            return self.timeout.clone()
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            return timeout.clone()
+        else:
+            # User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
+            # can be removed later
+            return Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+    def _raise_timeout(self, err, url, timeout_value):
+        """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""
+
+        if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
+        # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
+        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
+        # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
+        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
+            err
+        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+    def _make_request(
+        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
+        pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            a connection from one of our connection pools
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
+            float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
+            the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
+            control over your timeouts.
+        """
+        self.num_requests += 1
+
+        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+        timeout_obj.start_connect()
+        conn.timeout = Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout_obj.connect_timeout)
+
+        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
+        try:
+            self._validate_conn(conn)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
+            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in
+        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
+        try:
+            if chunked:
+                conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+            else:
+                conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+
+        # We are swallowing BrokenPipeError (errno.EPIPE) since the server is
+        # legitimately able to close the connection after sending a valid response.
+        # With this behaviour, the received response is still readable.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            # Python 3
+            pass
+        except IOError as e:
+            # Python 2 and macOS/Linux
+            # EPIPE and ESHUTDOWN are BrokenPipeError on Python 2, and EPROTOTYPE is needed on macOS
+            # https://erickt.github.io/blog/2014/11/19/adventures-in-debugging-a-potential-osx-kernel-bug/
+            if e.errno not in {
+                errno.EPIPE,
+                errno.ESHUTDOWN,
+                errno.EPROTOTYPE,
+            }:
+                raise
+
+        # Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
+        read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
+
+        # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
+        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
+            # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
+            # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
+            # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
+            # the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
+            # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
+            if read_timeout == 0:
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
+                )
+            if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
+            else:  # None or a value
+                conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)
+
+        # Receive the response from the server
+        try:
+            try:
+                # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
+                httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
+            except TypeError:
+                # Python 3
+                try:
+                    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
+                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
+                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
+                    six.raise_from(e, None)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
+        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
+        log.debug(
+            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
+            self.scheme,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            method,
+            url,
+            http_version,
+            httplib_response.status,
+            httplib_response.length,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
+        except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            log.warning(
+                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
+                self._absolute_url(url),
+                hpe,
+                exc_info=True,
+            )
+
+        return httplib_response
+
+    def _absolute_url(self, path):
+        return Url(scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port, path=path).url
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        if self.pool is None:
+            return
+        # Disable access to the pool
+        old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool.
+        _close_pool_connections(old_pool)
+
+    def is_same_host(self, url):
+        """
+        Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
+        connection pool.
+        """
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            return True
+
+        # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
+        scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+        if host is not None:
+            host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)
+
+        # Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
+        if self.port and not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
+            port = None
+
+        return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+        timeout=_Default,
+        pool_timeout=None,
+        release_conn=None,
+        chunked=False,
+        body_pos=None,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
+        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
+        the raw details.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
+           by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
+           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
+           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
+           breaking backwards compatibility.
+
+        :param method:
+            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
+
+        :param url:
+            The URL to perform the request on.
+
+        :param body:
+            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
+            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.
+
+        :param headers:
+            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
+            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
+            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
+
+        :param retries:
+            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
+            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
+
+            Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
+            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
+            over different types of retries.
+            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
+            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
+
+            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
+            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
+            the redirect response will be returned.
+
+        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
+
+        :param redirect:
+            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
+            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
+            will disable redirect, too.
+
+        :param assert_same_host:
+            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
+            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
+            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
+            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
+
+        :param pool_timeout:
+            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
+            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
+            connection is available within the time period.
+
+        :param release_conn:
+            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
+            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
+            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
+            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
+            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
+            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
+            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
+            ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
+
+        :param chunked:
+            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
+            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
+            content-length form. Defaults to False.
+
+        :param int body_pos:
+            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
+            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
+            auto-populate the value when needed.
+
+        :param \\**response_kw:
+            Additional parameters are passed to
+            :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
+        """
+
+        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
+        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if release_conn is None:
+            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)
+
+        # Check host
+        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
+            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
+
+        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
+        else:
+            url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url)
+
+        conn = None
+
+        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
+        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
+        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
+        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
+        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
+        #
+        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
+        #
+        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
+        release_this_conn = release_conn
+
+        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
+        )
+
+        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
+        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
+        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
+        if not http_tunnel_required:
+            headers = headers.copy()
+            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
+
+        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
+        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
+        err = None
+
+        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
+        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
+        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
+        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
+
+        try:
+            # Request a connection from the queue.
+            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
+
+            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
+
+            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
+                conn, "sock", None
+            )
+            if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required:
+                self._prepare_proxy(conn)
+
+            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
+            httplib_response = self._make_request(
+                conn,
+                method,
+                url,
+                timeout=timeout_obj,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
+            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
+            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
+            # mess.
+            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
+
+            # Pass method to Response for length checking
+            response_kw["request_method"] = method
+
+            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
+            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
+                httplib_response,
+                pool=self,
+                connection=response_conn,
+                retries=retries,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+            # Everything went great!
+            clean_exit = True
+
+        except EmptyPoolError:
+            # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up
+            clean_exit = True
+            release_this_conn = False
+            raise
+
+        except (
+            TimeoutError,
+            HTTPException,
+            SocketError,
+            ProtocolError,
+            BaseSSLError,
+            SSLError,
+            CertificateError,
+        ) as e:
+            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
+            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
+            clean_exit = False
+
+            def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error):
+                # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but
+                # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message,
+                # so we try to cover our bases here!
+                message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower()))
+                return (
+                    "wrong version number" in message or "unknown protocol" in message
+                )
+
+            # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to
+            # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://'
+            # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'})
+            # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL.
+            if (
+                isinstance(e, BaseSSLError)
+                and self.proxy
+                and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e)
+                and conn.proxy
+                and conn.proxy.scheme == "https"
+            ):
+                e = ProxyError(
+                    "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
+                    "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy",
+                    SSLError(e),
+                )
+            elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
+                e = SSLError(e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
+                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
+                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)
+
+            retries = retries.increment(
+                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
+            )
+            retries.sleep()
+
+            # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
+            err = e
+
+        finally:
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # We hit some kind of exception, handled or otherwise. We need
+                # to throw the connection away unless explicitly told not to.
+                # Close the connection, set the variable to None, and make sure
+                # we put the None back in the pool to avoid leaking it.
+                conn = conn and conn.close()
+                release_this_conn = True
+
+            if release_this_conn:
+                # Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
+                # expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
+                # fresh connection during _get_conn.
+                self._put_conn(conn)
+
+        if not conn:
+            # Try again
+            log.warning(
+                "Retrying (%r) after connection broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url
+            )
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries,
+                redirect,
+                assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            if response.status == 303:
+                # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+                method = "GET"
+                # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+                body = None
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                redirect_location,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_status:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep(response)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return response
+
+
+class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.
+
+    :class:`.HTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
+    ``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
+    If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.
+
+    The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
+    ``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
+    is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
+    the connection socket into an SSL socket.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        ssl_version=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
+            self,
+            host,
+            port,
+            strict,
+            timeout,
+            maxsize,
+            block,
+            headers,
+            retries,
+            _proxy,
+            _proxy_headers,
+            **conn_kw
+        )
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
+        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
+        and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
+            conn.set_cert(
+                key_file=self.key_file,
+                key_password=self.key_password,
+                cert_file=self.cert_file,
+                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
+                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
+            )
+            conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
+        return conn
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        """
+        Establishes a tunnel connection through HTTP CONNECT.
+
+        Tunnel connection is established early because otherwise httplib would
+        improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
+        """
+
+        conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme == "https":
+            conn.tls_in_tls_required = True
+
+        conn.connect()
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "443",
+        )
+
+        if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
+            raise SSLError(
+                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available."
+            )
+
+        actual_host = self.host
+        actual_port = self.port
+        if self.proxy is not None:
+            actual_host = self.proxy.host
+            actual_port = self.proxy.port
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=actual_host,
+            port=actual_port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            cert_file=self.cert_file,
+            key_file=self.key_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+
+        return self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)
+
+        # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
+        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
+            conn.connect()
+
+        if not conn.is_verified:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '%s'. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings" % conn.host
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+        if getattr(conn, "proxy_is_verified", None) is False:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS connection done to an HTTPS proxy. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings"
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+
+def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
+    """
+    Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.
+
+    This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
+    of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.
+
+    :param url:
+        Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.
+
+    :param \\**kw:
+        Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
+        :class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
+        timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
+    """
+    scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+    port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
+    if scheme == "https":
+        return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+    else:
+        return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    """
+    Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
+    """
+
+    host = normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+    # httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
+    # Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
+    # httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
+    # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
+    # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
+    # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
+    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
+        host = host[1:-1]
+    return host
+
+
+def _close_pool_connections(pool):
+    """Drains a queue of connections and closes each one."""
+    try:
+        while True:
+            conn = pool.get(block=False)
+            if conn:
+                conn.close()
+    except queue.Empty:
+        pass  # Done.
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+This module provides means to detect the App Engine environment.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+
+def is_appengine():
+    return is_local_appengine() or is_prod_appengine()
+
+
+def is_appengine_sandbox():
+    """Reports if the app is running in the first generation sandbox.
+
+    The second generation runtimes are technically still in a sandbox, but it
+    is much less restrictive, so generally you shouldn't need to check for it.
+    see https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/runtimes
+    """
+    return is_appengine() and os.environ["APPENGINE_RUNTIME"] == "python27"
+
+
+def is_local_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Development/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Google App Engine/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine_mvms():
+    """Deprecated."""
+    return False
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+"""
+This module uses ctypes to bind a whole bunch of functions and constants from
+SecureTransport. The goal here is to provide the low-level API to
+SecureTransport. These are essentially the C-level functions and constants, and
+they're pretty gross to work with.
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import platform
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    CFUNCTYPE,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_byte,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_size_t,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ...packages.six import raise_from
+
+if platform.system() != "Darwin":
+    raise ImportError("Only macOS is supported")
+
+version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+if version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise OSError(
+        "Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s"
+        % (version_info[0], version_info[1])
+    )
+
+
+def load_cdll(name, macos10_16_path):
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        if version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise_from(ImportError("The library %s failed to load" % name), None)
+
+
+Security = load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFDictionary = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFDictionaryRef = POINTER(CFDictionary)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecExternalFormat = c_uint32
+SecExternalItemType = c_uint32
+SecIdentityRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecItemImportExportFlags = c_uint32
+SecItemImportExportKeyParameters = c_void_p
+SecKeychainRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLProtocol = c_uint32
+SSLCipherSuite = c_uint32
+SSLContextRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLConnectionRef = c_uint32
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+SSLProtocolSide = c_uint32
+SSLConnectionType = c_uint32
+SSLSessionOption = c_uint32
+
+
+try:
+    Security.SecItemImport.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFStringRef,
+        POINTER(SecExternalFormat),
+        POINTER(SecExternalItemType),
+        SecItemImportExportFlags,
+        POINTER(SecItemImportExportKeyParameters),
+        SecKeychainRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecItemImport.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        SecCertificateRef,
+        POINTER(SecIdentityRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.argtypes = [
+        c_char_p,
+        c_uint32,
+        c_void_p,
+        Boolean,
+        c_void_p,
+        POINTER(SecKeychainRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef]
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFDictionaryRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus
+
+    SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t))
+    SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(
+        OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t)
+    )
+
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc]
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef]
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        c_size_t,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLProtocol),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)]
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        SSLProtocolSide,
+        SSLConnectionType,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef
+
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus
+
+    try:
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.restype = OSStatus
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Supported only in 10.12+
+        pass
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc
+    Security.SSLWriteFunc = SSLWriteFunc
+    Security.SSLContextRef = SSLContextRef
+    Security.SSLProtocol = SSLProtocol
+    Security.SSLCipherSuite = SSLCipherSuite
+    Security.SecIdentityRef = SecIdentityRef
+    Security.SecKeychainRef = SecKeychainRef
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType
+    Security.SecExternalFormat = SecExternalFormat
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus
+
+    Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase"
+    )
+    Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity"
+    )
+
+    # CoreFoundation time!
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef
+
+except (AttributeError):
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes")
+
+
+class CFConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation
+    constants.
+    """
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+
+class SecurityConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants.
+    """
+
+    kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0
+
+    kSSLProtocol2 = 1
+    kSSLProtocol3 = 2
+    kTLSProtocol1 = 4
+    kTLSProtocol11 = 7
+    kTLSProtocol12 = 8
+    # SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3 even if there's a constant for it
+    kTLSProtocol13 = 10
+    kTLSProtocolMaxSupported = 999
+
+    kSSLClientSide = 1
+    kSSLStreamType = 0
+
+    kSecFormatPEMSequence = 10
+
+    kSecTrustResultInvalid = 0
+    kSecTrustResultProceed = 1
+    # This gap is present on purpose: this was kSecTrustResultConfirm, which
+    # is deprecated.
+    kSecTrustResultDeny = 3
+    kSecTrustResultUnspecified = 4
+    kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure = 5
+    kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure = 6
+    kSecTrustResultOtherError = 7
+
+    errSSLProtocol = -9800
+    errSSLWouldBlock = -9803
+    errSSLClosedGraceful = -9805
+    errSSLClosedNoNotify = -9816
+    errSSLClosedAbort = -9806
+
+    errSSLXCertChainInvalid = -9807
+    errSSLCrypto = -9809
+    errSSLInternal = -9810
+    errSSLCertExpired = -9814
+    errSSLCertNotYetValid = -9815
+    errSSLUnknownRootCert = -9812
+    errSSLNoRootCert = -9813
+    errSSLHostNameMismatch = -9843
+    errSSLPeerHandshakeFail = -9824
+    errSSLPeerUserCancelled = -9839
+    errSSLWeakPeerEphemeralDHKey = -9850
+    errSSLServerAuthCompleted = -9841
+    errSSLRecordOverflow = -9847
+
+    errSecVerifyFailed = -67808
+    errSecNoTrustSettings = -25263
+    errSecItemNotFound = -25300
+    errSecInvalidTrustSettings = -25262
+
+    # Cipher suites. We only pick the ones our default cipher string allows.
+    # Source: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1550981-ssl_cipher_suite_values
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC02C
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC030
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02B
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02F
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA9
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA8
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009F
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009E
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC024
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC028
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC00A
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC014
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x006B
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0039
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC023
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC027
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC009
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC013
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x0067
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x0033
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0035
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x002F
+    TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x1301
+    TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x1302
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = 0x1305
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = 0x1304
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0b245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""
+Low-level helpers for the SecureTransport bindings.
+
+These are Python functions that are not directly related to the high-level APIs
+but are necessary to get them to work. They include a whole bunch of low-level
+CoreFoundation messing about and memory management. The concerns in this module
+are almost entirely about trying to avoid memory leaks and providing
+appropriate and useful assistance to the higher-level code.
+"""
+import base64
+import ctypes
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import struct
+import tempfile
+
+from .bindings import CFConst, CoreFoundation, Security
+
+# This regular expression is used to grab PEM data out of a PEM bundle.
+_PEM_CERTS_RE = re.compile(
+    b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n(.*?)\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----", re.DOTALL
+)
+
+
+def _cf_data_from_bytes(bytestring):
+    """
+    Given a bytestring, create a CFData object from it. This CFData object must
+    be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, bytestring, len(bytestring)
+    )
+
+
+def _cf_dictionary_from_tuples(tuples):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python tuples, create an associated CFDictionary.
+    """
+    dictionary_size = len(tuples)
+
+    # We need to get the dictionary keys and values out in the same order.
+    keys = (t[0] for t in tuples)
+    values = (t[1] for t in tuples)
+    cf_keys = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*keys)
+    cf_values = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*values)
+
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        cf_keys,
+        cf_values,
+        dictionary_size,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    )
+
+
+def _cfstr(py_bstr):
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(py_bstr)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str
+
+
+def _create_cfstring_array(lst):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python binary data, create an associated CFMutableArray.
+    The array must be CFReleased by the caller.
+
+    Raises an ssl.SSLError on failure.
+    """
+    cf_arr = None
+    try:
+        cf_arr = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        if not cf_arr:
+            raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+        for item in lst:
+            cf_str = _cfstr(item)
+            if not cf_str:
+                raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            try:
+                CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_arr, cf_str)
+            finally:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str)
+    except BaseException as e:
+        if cf_arr:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_arr)
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate array: %s" % (e,))
+    return cf_arr
+
+
+def _cf_string_to_unicode(value):
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+    value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string
+
+
+def _assert_no_error(error, exception_class=None):
+    """
+    Checks the return code and throws an exception if there is an error to
+    report
+    """
+    if error == 0:
+        return
+
+    cf_error_string = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(error, None)
+    output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string)
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string)
+
+    if output is None or output == u"":
+        output = u"OSStatus %s" % error
+
+    if exception_class is None:
+        exception_class = ssl.SSLError
+
+    raise exception_class(output)
+
+
+def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle):
+    """
+    Given a bundle of certs in PEM format, turns them into a CFArray of certs
+    that can be used to validate a cert chain.
+    """
+    # Normalize the PEM bundle's line endings.
+    pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
+
+    der_certs = [
+        base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
+    ]
+    if not der_certs:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified")
+
+    cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cert_array:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    try:
+        for der_bytes in der_certs:
+            certdata = _cf_data_from_bytes(der_bytes)
+            if not certdata:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            cert = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, certdata
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if not cert:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to build cert object!")
+
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cert_array, cert)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert)
+    except Exception:
+        # We need to free the array before the exception bubbles further.
+        # We only want to do that if an error occurs: otherwise, the caller
+        # should free.
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+        raise
+
+    return cert_array
+
+
+def _is_cert(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is a certificate.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _is_identity(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is an identity.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _temporary_keychain():
+    """
+    This function creates a temporary Mac keychain that we can use to work with
+    credentials. This keychain uses a one-time password and a temporary file to
+    store the data. We expect to have one keychain per socket. The returned
+    SecKeychainRef must be freed by the caller, including calling
+    SecKeychainDelete.
+
+    Returns a tuple of the SecKeychainRef and the path to the temporary
+    directory that contains it.
+    """
+    # Unfortunately, SecKeychainCreate requires a path to a keychain. This
+    # means we cannot use mkstemp to use a generic temporary file. Instead,
+    # we're going to create a temporary directory and a filename to use there.
+    # This filename will be 8 random bytes expanded into base64. We also need
+    # some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we
+    # ask for 40 random bytes.
+    random_bytes = os.urandom(40)
+    filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8")
+    password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:])  # Must be valid UTF-8
+    tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8")
+
+    # We now want to create the keychain itself.
+    keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef()
+    status = Security.SecKeychainCreate(
+        keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain)
+    )
+    _assert_no_error(status)
+
+    # Having created the keychain, we want to pass it off to the caller.
+    return keychain, tempdirectory
+
+
+def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
+    """
+    Given a single file, loads all the trust objects from it into arrays and
+    the keychain.
+    Returns a tuple of lists: the first list is a list of identities, the
+    second a list of certs.
+    """
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+    result_array = None
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        raw_filedata = f.read()
+
+    try:
+        filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata)
+        )
+        result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef()
+        result = Security.SecItemImport(
+            filedata,  # cert data
+            None,  # Filename, leaving it out for now
+            None,  # What the type of the file is, we don't care
+            None,  # what's in the file, we don't care
+            0,  # import flags
+            None,  # key params, can include passphrase in the future
+            keychain,  # The keychain to insert into
+            ctypes.byref(result_array),  # Results
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # A CFArray is not very useful to us as an intermediary
+        # representation, so we are going to extract the objects we want
+        # and then free the array. We don't need to keep hold of keys: the
+        # keychain already has them!
+        result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array)
+        for index in range(result_count):
+            item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index)
+            item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef)
+
+            if _is_cert(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                certificates.append(item)
+            elif _is_identity(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                identities.append(item)
+    finally:
+        if result_array:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(result_array)
+
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(filedata)
+
+    return (identities, certificates)
+
+
+def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, *paths):
+    """
+    Load certificates and maybe keys from a number of files. Has the end goal
+    of returning a CFArray containing one SecIdentityRef, and then zero or more
+    SecCertificateRef objects, suitable for use as a client certificate trust
+    chain.
+    """
+    # Ok, the strategy.
+    #
+    # This relies on knowing that macOS will not give you a SecIdentityRef
+    # unless you have imported a key into a keychain. This is a somewhat
+    # artificial limitation of macOS (for example, it doesn't necessarily
+    # affect iOS), but there is nothing inside Security.framework that lets you
+    # get a SecIdentityRef without having a key in a keychain.
+    #
+    # So the policy here is we take all the files and iterate them in order.
+    # Each one will use SecItemImport to have one or more objects loaded from
+    # it. We will also point at a keychain that macOS can use to work with the
+    # private key.
+    #
+    # Once we have all the objects, we'll check what we actually have. If we
+    # already have a SecIdentityRef in hand, fab: we'll use that. Otherwise,
+    # we'll take the first certificate (which we assume to be our leaf) and
+    # ask the keychain to give us a SecIdentityRef with that cert's associated
+    # key.
+    #
+    # We'll then return a CFArray containing the trust chain: one
+    # SecIdentityRef and then zero-or-more SecCertificateRef objects. The
+    # responsibility for freeing this CFArray will be with the caller. This
+    # CFArray must remain alive for the entire connection, so in practice it
+    # will be stored with a single SSLSocket, along with the reference to the
+    # keychain.
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+
+    # Filter out bad paths.
+    paths = (path for path in paths if path)
+
+    try:
+        for file_path in paths:
+            new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path)
+            identities.extend(new_identities)
+            certificates.extend(new_certs)
+
+        # Ok, we have everything. The question is: do we have an identity? If
+        # not, we want to grab one from the first cert we have.
+        if not identities:
+            new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef()
+            status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(
+                keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(status)
+            identities.append(new_identity)
+
+            # We now want to release the original certificate, as we no longer
+            # need it.
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certificates.pop(0))
+
+        # We now need to build a new CFArray that holds the trust chain.
+        trust_chain = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        for item in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            # ArrayAppendValue does a CFRetain on the item. That's fine,
+            # because the finally block will release our other refs to them.
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(trust_chain, item)
+
+        return trust_chain
+    finally:
+        for obj in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(obj)
+
+
+TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = {
+    "SSLv2": (0, 2),
+    "SSLv3": (3, 0),
+    "TLSv1": (3, 1),
+    "TLSv1.1": (3, 2),
+    "TLSv1.2": (3, 3),
+}
+
+
+def _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(version):
+    """
+    Builds a TLS alert record for an unknown CA.
+    """
+    ver_maj, ver_min = TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS[version]
+    severity_fatal = 0x02
+    description_unknown_ca = 0x30
+    msg = struct.pack(">BB", severity_fatal, description_unknown_ca)
+    msg_len = len(msg)
+    record_type_alert = 0x15
+    record = struct.pack(">BBBH", record_type_alert, ver_maj, ver_min, msg_len) + msg
+    return record
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1717ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"""
+This module provides a pool manager that uses Google App Engine's
+`URLFetch Service <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+Example usage::
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import PoolManager
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.appengine import AppEngineManager, is_appengine_sandbox
+
+    if is_appengine_sandbox():
+        # AppEngineManager uses AppEngine's URLFetch API behind the scenes
+        http = AppEngineManager()
+    else:
+        # PoolManager uses a socket-level API behind the scenes
+        http = PoolManager()
+
+    r = http.request('GET', 'https://google.com/')
+
+There are `limitations <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/\
+urlfetch/#Python_Quotas_and_limits>`_ to the URLFetch service and it may not be
+the best choice for your application. There are three options for using
+urllib3 on Google App Engine:
+
+1. You can use :class:`AppEngineManager` with URLFetch. URLFetch is
+   cost-effective in many circumstances as long as your usage is within the
+   limitations.
+2. You can use a normal :class:`~urllib3.PoolManager` by enabling sockets.
+   Sockets also have `limitations and restrictions
+   <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/sockets/\
+   #limitations-and-restrictions>`_ and have a lower free quota than URLFetch.
+   To use sockets, be sure to specify the following in your ``app.yaml``::
+
+        env_variables:
+            GAE_USE_SOCKETS_HTTPLIB : 'true'
+
+3. If you are using `App Engine Flexible
+<https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/>`_, you can use the standard
+:class:`PoolManager` without any configuration or special environment variables.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import warnings
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    HTTPWarning,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from ..packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from ..request import RequestMethods
+from ..response import HTTPResponse
+from ..util.retry import Retry
+from ..util.timeout import Timeout
+from . import _appengine_environ
+
+try:
+    from google.appengine.api import urlfetch
+except ImportError:
+    urlfetch = None
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformError(HTTPError):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Connection manager for Google App Engine sandbox applications.
+
+    This manager uses the URLFetch service directly instead of using the
+    emulated httplib, and is subject to URLFetch limitations as described in
+    the App Engine documentation `here
+    <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+    Notably it will raise an :class:`AppEnginePlatformError` if:
+        * URLFetch is not available.
+        * If you attempt to use this on App Engine Flexible, as full socket
+          support is available.
+        * If a request size is more than 10 megabytes.
+        * If a response size is more than 32 megabytes.
+        * If you use an unsupported request method such as OPTIONS.
+
+    Beyond those cases, it will raise normal urllib3 errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        validate_certificate=True,
+        urlfetch_retries=True,
+    ):
+        if not urlfetch:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch is not available in this environment."
+            )
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "urllib3 is using URLFetch on Google App Engine sandbox instead "
+            "of sockets. To use sockets directly instead of URLFetch see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/reference/urllib3.contrib.html.",
+            AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+        )
+
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        self.validate_certificate = validate_certificate
+        self.urlfetch_retries = urlfetch_retries
+
+        self.retries = retries or Retry.DEFAULT
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+
+        retries = self._get_retries(retries, redirect)
+
+        try:
+            follow_redirects = redirect and retries.redirect != 0 and retries.total
+            response = urlfetch.fetch(
+                url,
+                payload=body,
+                method=method,
+                headers=headers or {},
+                allow_truncated=False,
+                follow_redirects=self.urlfetch_retries and follow_redirects,
+                deadline=self._get_absolute_timeout(timeout),
+                validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate,
+            )
+        except urlfetch.DeadlineExceededError as e:
+            raise TimeoutError(self, e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidURLError as e:
+            if "too large" in str(e):
+                raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                    "URLFetch request too large, URLFetch only "
+                    "supports requests up to 10mb in size.",
+                    e,
+                )
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.DownloadError as e:
+            if "Too many redirects" in str(e):
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, reason=e)
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.ResponseTooLargeError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch response too large, URLFetch only supports"
+                "responses up to 32mb in size.",
+                e,
+            )
+
+        except urlfetch.SSLCertificateError as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidMethodError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch does not support method: %s" % method, e
+            )
+
+        http_response = self._urlfetch_response_to_http_response(
+            response, retries=retries, **response_kw
+        )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and http_response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            # Check for redirect response
+            if self.urlfetch_retries and retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+            else:
+                if http_response.status == 303:
+                    method = "GET"
+
+                try:
+                    retries = retries.increment(
+                        method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self
+                    )
+                except MaxRetryError:
+                    if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                        raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+                    return http_response
+
+                retries.sleep_for_retry(http_response)
+                log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+                redirect_url = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+                return self.urlopen(
+                    method,
+                    redirect_url,
+                    body,
+                    headers,
+                    retries=retries,
+                    redirect=redirect,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    **response_kw
+                )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(http_response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, http_response.status, has_retry_after):
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            retries.sleep(http_response)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return http_response
+
+    def _urlfetch_response_to_http_response(self, urlfetch_resp, **response_kw):
+
+        if is_prod_appengine():
+            # Production GAE handles deflate encoding automatically, but does
+            # not remove the encoding header.
+            content_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("content-encoding")
+
+            if content_encoding == "deflate":
+                del urlfetch_resp.headers["content-encoding"]
+
+        transfer_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
+        # We have a full response's content,
+        # so let's make sure we don't report ourselves as chunked data.
+        if transfer_encoding == "chunked":
+            encodings = transfer_encoding.split(",")
+            encodings.remove("chunked")
+            urlfetch_resp.headers["transfer-encoding"] = ",".join(encodings)
+
+        original_response = HTTPResponse(
+            # In order for decoding to work, we must present the content as
+            # a file-like object.
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            msg=urlfetch_resp.header_msg,
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+        return HTTPResponse(
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            original_response=original_response,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+    def _get_absolute_timeout(self, timeout):
+        if timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return None  # Defer to URLFetch's default.
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            if timeout._read is not None or timeout._connect is not None:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "URLFetch does not support granular timeout settings, "
+                    "reverting to total or default URLFetch timeout.",
+                    AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+                )
+            return timeout.total
+        return timeout
+
+    def _get_retries(self, retries, redirect):
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if retries.connect or retries.read or retries.redirect:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "URLFetch only supports total retries and does not "
+                "recognize connect, read, or redirect retry parameters.",
+                AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+            )
+
+        return retries
+
+
+# Alias methods from _appengine_environ to maintain public API interface.
+
+is_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_appengine
+is_appengine_sandbox = _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox
+is_local_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_local_appengine
+is_prod_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine
+is_prod_appengine_mvms = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine_mvms
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4716657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""
+NTLM authenticating pool, contributed by erikcederstran
+
+Issue #10, see: http://code.google.com/p/urllib3/issues/detail?id=10
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import warnings
+from logging import getLogger
+
+from ntlm import ntlm
+
+from .. import HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPSConnection
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The 'urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in urllib3 v2.0 release, urllib3 is not able to support it properly due "
+    "to reasons listed in issue: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2282. "
+    "If you are a user of this module please comment in the mentioned issue.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
+
+log = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+
+    def __init__(self, user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        authurl is a random URL on the server that is protected by NTLM.
+        user is the Windows user, probably in the DOMAIN\\username format.
+        pw is the password for the user.
+        """
+        super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.authurl = authurl
+        self.rawuser = user
+        user_parts = user.split("\\", 1)
+        self.domain = user_parts[0].upper()
+        self.user = user_parts[1]
+        self.pw = pw
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        # Performs the NTLM handshake that secures the connection. The socket
+        # must be kept open while requests are performed.
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.authurl,
+        )
+
+        headers = {"Connection": "Keep-Alive"}
+        req_header = "Authorization"
+        resp_header = "www-authenticate"
+
+        conn = HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
+
+        # Send negotiation message
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(
+            self.rawuser
+        )
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        reshdr = dict(res.headers)
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", reshdr)
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read(100))
+
+        # Remove the reference to the socket, so that it can not be closed by
+        # the response object (we want to keep the socket open)
+        res.fp = None
+
+        # Server should respond with a challenge message
+        auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(", ")
+        auth_header_value = None
+        for s in auth_header_values:
+            if s[:5] == "NTLM ":
+                auth_header_value = s[5:]
+        if auth_header_value is None:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Unexpected %s response header: %s" % (resp_header, reshdr[resp_header])
+            )
+
+        # Send authentication message
+        ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(
+            auth_header_value
+        )
+        auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(
+            ServerChallenge, self.user, self.domain, self.pw, NegotiateFlags
+        )
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % auth_msg
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", dict(res.headers))
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read()[:100])
+        if res.status != 200:
+            if res.status == 401:
+                raise Exception("Server rejected request: wrong username or password")
+            raise Exception("Wrong server response: %s %s" % (res.status, res.reason))
+
+        res.fp = None
+        log.debug("Connection established")
+        return conn
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=3,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+    ):
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        headers["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+        return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(
+            method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e4aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+"""
+TLS with SNI_-support for Python 2. Follow these instructions if you would
+like to verify TLS certificates in Python 2. Note, the default libraries do
+*not* do certificate checking; you need to do additional work to validate
+certificates yourself.
+
+This needs the following packages installed:
+
+* `pyOpenSSL`_ (tested with 16.0.0)
+* `cryptography`_ (minimum 1.3.4, from pyopenssl)
+* `idna`_ (minimum 2.0, from cryptography)
+
+However, pyopenssl depends on cryptography, which depends on idna, so while we
+use all three directly here we end up having relatively few packages required.
+
+You can install them with the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ python -m pip install pyopenssl cryptography idna
+
+To activate certificate checking, call
+:func:`~urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3` from your Python code
+before you begin making HTTP requests. This can be done in a ``sitecustomize``
+module, or at any other time before your application begins using ``urllib3``,
+like this:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl as pyopenssl
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+Now you can use :mod:`urllib3` as you normally would, and it will support SNI
+when the required modules are installed.
+
+Activating this module also has the positive side effect of disabling SSL/TLS
+compression in Python 2 (see `CRIME attack`_).
+
+.. _sni: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
+.. _crime attack: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
+.. _pyopenssl: https://www.pyopenssl.org
+.. _cryptography: https://cryptography.io
+.. _idna: https://github.com/kjd/idna
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import OpenSSL.crypto
+import OpenSSL.SSL
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl import backend as openssl_backend
+
+try:
+    from cryptography.x509 import UnsupportedExtension
+except ImportError:
+    # UnsupportedExtension is gone in cryptography >= 2.1.0
+    class UnsupportedExtension(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from io import BytesIO
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+from .. import util
+from ..packages import six
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "'urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+    "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+    category=DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works.
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+# Map from urllib3 to PyOpenSSL compatible parameter-values.
+_openssl_versions = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "SSLv3_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv3_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_1_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_1_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_2_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_2_METHOD
+
+
+_stdlib_to_openssl_verify = {
+    ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
+    ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
+    ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+    + OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+}
+_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = dict((v, k) for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items())
+
+# OpenSSL will only write 16K at a time
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    "Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support."
+
+    _validate_dependencies_met()
+
+    util.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    "Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`."
+
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+
+
+def _validate_dependencies_met():
+    """
+    Verifies that PyOpenSSL's package-level dependencies have been met.
+    Throws `ImportError` if they are not met.
+    """
+    # Method added in `cryptography==1.1`; not available in older versions
+    from cryptography.x509.extensions import Extensions
+
+    if getattr(Extensions, "get_extension_for_class", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'cryptography' module missing required functionality.  "
+            "Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer."
+        )
+
+    # pyOpenSSL 0.14 and above use cryptography for OpenSSL bindings. The _x509
+    # attribute is only present on those versions.
+    from OpenSSL.crypto import X509
+
+    x509 = X509()
+    if getattr(x509, "_x509", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
+            "Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer."
+        )
+
+
+def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
+    """
+    Converts a dNSName SubjectAlternativeName field to the form used by the
+    standard library on the given Python version.
+
+    Cryptography produces a dNSName as a unicode string that was idna-decoded
+    from ASCII bytes. We need to idna-encode that string to get it back, and
+    then on Python 3 we also need to convert to unicode via UTF-8 (the stdlib
+    uses PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize on it, which decodes via UTF-8).
+
+    If the name cannot be idna-encoded then we return None signalling that
+    the name given should be skipped.
+    """
+
+    def idna_encode(name):
+        """
+        Borrowed wholesale from the Python Cryptography Project. It turns out
+        that we can't just safely call `idna.encode`: it can explode for
+        wildcard names. This avoids that problem.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            for prefix in [u"*.", u"."]:
+                if name.startswith(prefix):
+                    name = name[len(prefix) :]
+                    return prefix.encode("ascii") + idna.encode(name)
+            return idna.encode(name)
+        except idna.core.IDNAError:
+            return None
+
+    # Don't send IPv6 addresses through the IDNA encoder.
+    if ":" in name:
+        return name
+
+    name = idna_encode(name)
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
+        name = name.decode("utf-8")
+    return name
+
+
+def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
+    """
+    Given an PyOpenSSL certificate, provides all the subject alternative names.
+    """
+    # Pass the cert to cryptography, which has much better APIs for this.
+    if hasattr(peer_cert, "to_cryptography"):
+        cert = peer_cert.to_cryptography()
+    else:
+        der = OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, peer_cert)
+        cert = x509.load_der_x509_certificate(der, openssl_backend)
+
+    # We want to find the SAN extension. Ask Cryptography to locate it (it's
+    # faster than looping in Python)
+    try:
+        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.SubjectAlternativeName).value
+    except x509.ExtensionNotFound:
+        # No such extension, return the empty list.
+        return []
+    except (
+        x509.DuplicateExtension,
+        UnsupportedExtension,
+        x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
+        UnicodeError,
+    ) as e:
+        # A problem has been found with the quality of the certificate. Assume
+        # no SAN field is present.
+        log.warning(
+            "A problem was encountered with the certificate that prevented "
+            "urllib3 from finding the SubjectAlternativeName field. This can "
+            "affect certificate validation. The error was %s",
+            e,
+        )
+        return []
+
+    # We want to return dNSName and iPAddress fields. We need to cast the IPs
+    # back to strings because the match_hostname function wants them as
+    # strings.
+    # Sadly the DNS names need to be idna encoded and then, on Python 3, UTF-8
+    # decoded. This is pretty frustrating, but that's what the standard library
+    # does with certificates, and so we need to attempt to do the same.
+    # We also want to skip over names which cannot be idna encoded.
+    names = [
+        ("DNS", name)
+        for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
+        if name is not None
+    ]
+    names.extend(
+        ("IP Address", str(name)) for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
+    )
+
+    return names
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop() and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of pypy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connection, socket, suppress_ragged_eofs=True):
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            data = self.connection.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return self.connection.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        return self.socket.settimeout(timeout)
+
+    def _send_until_done(self, data):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return self.connection.send(data)
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantWriteError:
+                if not util.wait_for_write(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout()
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self._send_until_done(
+                data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE]
+            )
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        # FIXME rethrow compatible exceptions should we ever use this
+        self.connection.shutdown()
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            try:
+                self._closed = True
+                return self.connection.close()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error:
+                return
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        x509 = self.connection.get_peer_certificate()
+
+        if not x509:
+            return x509
+
+        if binary_form:
+            return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, x509)
+
+        return {
+            "subject": ((("commonName", x509.get_subject().CN),),),
+            "subjectAltName": get_subj_alt_name(x509),
+        }
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.connection.get_protocol_version_name()
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    makefile = backport_makefile
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the PyOpenSSL ``Context`` object. I am responsible
+    for translating the interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object
+    to calls into PyOpenSSL.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self.protocol = _openssl_versions[protocol]
+        self._ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(self.protocol)
+        self._options = 0
+        self.check_hostname = False
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        self._options = value
+        self._ctx.set_options(value)
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return _openssl_to_stdlib_verify[self._ctx.get_verify_mode()]
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._ctx.set_verify(_stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value], _verify_callback)
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        self._ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        if isinstance(ciphers, six.text_type):
+            ciphers = ciphers.encode("utf-8")
+        self._ctx.set_cipher_list(ciphers)
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        if cafile is not None:
+            cafile = cafile.encode("utf-8")
+        if capath is not None:
+            capath = capath.encode("utf-8")
+        try:
+            self._ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
+            if cadata is not None:
+                self._ctx.load_verify_locations(BytesIO(cadata))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("unable to load trusted certificates: %r" % e)
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._ctx.use_certificate_chain_file(certfile)
+        if password is not None:
+            if not isinstance(password, six.binary_type):
+                password = password.encode("utf-8")
+            self._ctx.set_passwd_cb(lambda *_: password)
+        self._ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile or certfile)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protos(protocols)
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(self._ctx, sock)
+
+        if isinstance(server_hostname, six.text_type):  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
+
+        cnx.set_connect_state()
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                cnx.do_handshake()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+                if not util.wait_for_read(sock, sock.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout("select timed out")
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("bad handshake: %r" % e)
+            break
+
+        return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)
+
+
+def _verify_callback(cnx, x509, err_no, err_depth, return_code):
+    return err_no == 0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..722ee4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+"""
+SecureTranport support for urllib3 via ctypes.
+
+This makes platform-native TLS available to urllib3 users on macOS without the
+use of a compiler. This is an important feature because the Python Package
+Index is moving to become a TLSv1.2-or-higher server, and the default OpenSSL
+that ships with macOS is not capable of doing TLSv1.2. The only way to resolve
+this is to give macOS users an alternative solution to the problem, and that
+solution is to use SecureTransport.
+
+We use ctypes here because this solution must not require a compiler. That's
+because pip is not allowed to require a compiler either.
+
+This is not intended to be a seriously long-term solution to this problem.
+The hope is that PEP 543 will eventually solve this issue for us, at which
+point we can retire this contrib module. But in the short term, we need to
+solve the impending tire fire that is Python on Mac without this kind of
+contrib module. So...here we are.
+
+To use this module, simply import and inject it::
+
+    import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.securetransport as securetransport
+    securetransport.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+Happy TLSing!
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import errno
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import socket
+import ssl
+import struct
+import threading
+import weakref
+
+from .. import util
+from ..packages import six
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+from ._securetransport.bindings import CoreFoundation, Security, SecurityConst
+from ._securetransport.low_level import (
+    _assert_no_error,
+    _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert,
+    _cert_array_from_pem,
+    _create_cfstring_array,
+    _load_client_cert_chain,
+    _temporary_keychain,
+)
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+# This dictionary is used by the read callback to obtain a handle to the
+# calling wrapped socket. This is a pretty silly approach, but for now it'll
+# do. I feel like I should be able to smuggle a handle to the wrapped socket
+# directly in the SSLConnectionRef, but for now this approach will work I
+# guess.
+#
+# We need to lock around this structure for inserts, but we don't do it for
+# reads/writes in the callbacks. The reasoning here goes as follows:
+#
+#    1. It is not possible to call into the callbacks before the dictionary is
+#       populated, so once in the callback the id must be in the dictionary.
+#    2. The callbacks don't mutate the dictionary, they only read from it, and
+#       so cannot conflict with any of the insertions.
+#
+# This is good: if we had to lock in the callbacks we'd drastically slow down
+# the performance of this code.
+_connection_refs = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+_connection_ref_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+# Limit writes to 16kB. This is OpenSSL's limit, but we'll cargo-cult it over
+# for no better reason than we need *a* limit, and this one is right there.
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+# This is our equivalent of util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, but expanded out to
+# individual cipher suites. We need to do this because this is how
+# SecureTransport wants them.
+CIPHER_SUITES = [
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+]
+
+# Basically this is simple: for PROTOCOL_SSLv23 we turn it into a low of
+# TLSv1 and a high of TLSv1.2. For everything else, we pin to that version.
+# TLSv1 to 1.2 are supported on macOS 10.8+
+_protocol_to_min_max = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+    )
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    """
+    Monkey-patch urllib3 with SecureTransport-backed SSL-support.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    """
+    Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+
+
+def _read_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport read callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    be returned from the socket.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        requested_length = data_length_pointer[0]
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        read_count = 0
+
+        try:
+            while read_count < requested_length:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_read(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+
+                remaining = requested_length - read_count
+                buffer = (ctypes.c_char * remaining).from_address(
+                    data_buffer + read_count
+                )
+                chunk_size = base_socket.recv_into(buffer, remaining)
+                read_count += chunk_size
+                if not chunk_size:
+                    if not read_count:
+                        return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful
+                    break
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+
+        if read_count != requested_length:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+def _write_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport write callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    actually be sent on the network.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        bytes_to_write = data_length_pointer[0]
+        data = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, bytes_to_write)
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        sent = 0
+
+        try:
+            while sent < bytes_to_write:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_write(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+                chunk_sent = base_socket.send(data)
+                sent += chunk_sent
+
+                # This has some needless copying here, but I'm not sure there's
+                # much value in optimising this data path.
+                data = data[chunk_sent:]
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+
+        if sent != bytes_to_write:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+# We need to keep these two objects references alive: if they get GC'd while
+# in use then SecureTransport could attempt to call a function that is in freed
+# memory. That would be...uh...bad. Yeah, that's the word. Bad.
+_read_callback_pointer = Security.SSLReadFunc(_read_callback)
+_write_callback_pointer = Security.SSLWriteFunc(_write_callback)
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """
+    API-compatibility wrapper for Python's OpenSSL wrapped socket object.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop(), and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of PyPy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, socket):
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.context = None
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+        self._exception = None
+        self._keychain = None
+        self._keychain_dir = None
+        self._client_cert_chain = None
+
+        # We save off the previously-configured timeout and then set it to
+        # zero. This is done because we use select and friends to handle the
+        # timeouts, but if we leave the timeout set on the lower socket then
+        # Python will "kindly" call select on that socket again for us. Avoid
+        # that by forcing the timeout to zero.
+        self._timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
+        self.socket.settimeout(0)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _raise_on_error(self):
+        """
+        A context manager that can be used to wrap calls that do I/O from
+        SecureTransport. If any of the I/O callbacks hit an exception, this
+        context manager will correctly propagate the exception after the fact.
+        This avoids silently swallowing those exceptions.
+
+        It also correctly forces the socket closed.
+        """
+        self._exception = None
+
+        # We explicitly don't catch around this yield because in the unlikely
+        # event that an exception was hit in the block we don't want to swallow
+        # it.
+        yield
+        if self._exception is not None:
+            exception, self._exception = self._exception, None
+            self.close()
+            raise exception
+
+    def _set_ciphers(self):
+        """
+        Sets up the allowed ciphers. By default this matches the set in
+        util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, at least as supported by macOS. This is done
+        custom and doesn't allow changing at this time, mostly because parsing
+        OpenSSL cipher strings is going to be a freaking nightmare.
+        """
+        ciphers = (Security.SSLCipherSuite * len(CIPHER_SUITES))(*CIPHER_SUITES)
+        result = Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers(
+            self.context, ciphers, len(CIPHER_SUITES)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+    def _set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets up the ALPN protocols on the context.
+        """
+        if not protocols:
+            return
+        protocols_arr = _create_cfstring_array(protocols)
+        try:
+            result = Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols(self.context, protocols_arr)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(protocols_arr)
+
+    def _custom_validate(self, verify, trust_bundle):
+        """
+        Called when we have set custom validation. We do this in two cases:
+        first, when cert validation is entirely disabled; and second, when
+        using a custom trust DB.
+        Raises an SSLError if the connection is not trusted.
+        """
+        # If we disabled cert validation, just say: cool.
+        if not verify:
+            return
+
+        successes = (
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultUnspecified,
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed,
+        )
+        try:
+            trust_result = self._evaluate_trust(trust_bundle)
+            if trust_result in successes:
+                return
+            reason = "error code: %d" % (trust_result,)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Do not trust on error
+            reason = "exception: %r" % (e,)
+
+        # SecureTransport does not send an alert nor shuts down the connection.
+        rec = _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(self.version())
+        self.socket.sendall(rec)
+        # close the connection immediately
+        # l_onoff = 1, activate linger
+        # l_linger = 0, linger for 0 seoncds
+        opts = struct.pack("ii", 1, 0)
+        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER, opts)
+        self.close()
+        raise ssl.SSLError("certificate verify failed, %s" % reason)
+
+    def _evaluate_trust(self, trust_bundle):
+        # We want data in memory, so load it up.
+        if os.path.isfile(trust_bundle):
+            with open(trust_bundle, "rb") as f:
+                trust_bundle = f.read()
+
+        cert_array = None
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+
+        try:
+            # Get a CFArray that contains the certs we want.
+            cert_array = _cert_array_from_pem(trust_bundle)
+
+            # Ok, now the hard part. We want to get the SecTrustRef that ST has
+            # created for this connection, shove our CAs into it, tell ST to
+            # ignore everything else it knows, and then ask if it can build a
+            # chain. This is a buuuunch of code.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Failed to copy trust reference")
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, cert_array)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trust, True)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            trust_result = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+            result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+            if cert_array is not None:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+
+        return trust_result.value
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        server_hostname,
+        verify,
+        trust_bundle,
+        min_version,
+        max_version,
+        client_cert,
+        client_key,
+        client_key_passphrase,
+        alpn_protocols,
+    ):
+        """
+        Actually performs the TLS handshake. This is run automatically by
+        wrapped socket, and shouldn't be needed in user code.
+        """
+        # First, we do the initial bits of connection setup. We need to create
+        # a context, set its I/O funcs, and set the connection reference.
+        self.context = Security.SSLCreateContext(
+            None, SecurityConst.kSSLClientSide, SecurityConst.kSSLStreamType
+        )
+        result = Security.SSLSetIOFuncs(
+            self.context, _read_callback_pointer, _write_callback_pointer
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Here we need to compute the handle to use. We do this by taking the
+        # id of self modulo 2**31 - 1. If this is already in the dictionary, we
+        # just keep incrementing by one until we find a free space.
+        with _connection_ref_lock:
+            handle = id(self) % 2147483647
+            while handle in _connection_refs:
+                handle = (handle + 1) % 2147483647
+            _connection_refs[handle] = self
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetConnection(self.context, handle)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If we have a server hostname, we should set that too.
+        if server_hostname:
+            if not isinstance(server_hostname, bytes):
+                server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+            result = Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName(
+                self.context, server_hostname, len(server_hostname)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Setup the ciphers.
+        self._set_ciphers()
+
+        # Setup the ALPN protocols.
+        self._set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+        # Set the minimum and maximum TLS versions.
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin(self.context, min_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, max_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a trust DB, we need to use it. We do that by telling
+        # SecureTransport to break on server auth. We also do that if we don't
+        # want to validate the certs at all: we just won't actually do any
+        # authing in that case.
+        if not verify or trust_bundle is not None:
+            result = Security.SSLSetSessionOption(
+                self.context, SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, True
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a client cert, we need to use it.
+        if client_cert:
+            self._keychain, self._keychain_dir = _temporary_keychain()
+            self._client_cert_chain = _load_client_cert_chain(
+                self._keychain, client_cert, client_key
+            )
+            result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(self.context, self._client_cert_chain)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        while True:
+            with self._raise_on_error():
+                result = Security.SSLHandshake(self.context)
+
+                if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+                    raise socket.timeout("handshake timed out")
+                elif result == SecurityConst.errSSLServerAuthCompleted:
+                    self._custom_validate(verify, trust_bundle)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    _assert_no_error(result)
+                    break
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, bufsiz):
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufsiz)
+        bytes_read = self.recv_into(buffer, bufsiz)
+        data = buffer[:bytes_read]
+        return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None):
+        # Read short on EOF.
+        if self._closed:
+            return 0
+
+        if nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+
+        buffer = (ctypes.c_char * nbytes).from_buffer(buffer)
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLRead(
+                self.context, buffer, nbytes, ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        # There are some result codes that we want to treat as "not always
+        # errors". Specifically, those are errSSLWouldBlock,
+        # errSSLClosedGraceful, and errSSLClosedNoNotify.
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+            # If we didn't process any bytes, then this was just a time out.
+            # However, we can get errSSLWouldBlock in situations when we *did*
+            # read some data, and in those cases we should just read "short"
+            # and return.
+            if processed_bytes.value == 0:
+                # Timed out, no data read.
+                raise socket.timeout("recv timed out")
+        elif result in (
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful,
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify,
+        ):
+            # The remote peer has closed this connection. We should do so as
+            # well. Note that we don't actually return here because in
+            # principle this could actually be fired along with return data.
+            # It's unlikely though.
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Ok, we read and probably succeeded. We should return whatever data
+        # was actually read.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        self._timeout = timeout
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self._timeout
+
+    def send(self, data):
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLWrite(
+                self.context, data, len(data), ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock and processed_bytes.value == 0:
+            # Timed out
+            raise socket.timeout("send timed out")
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # We sent, and probably succeeded. Tell them how much we sent.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self.send(data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            Security.SSLClose(self.context)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # TODO: should I do clean shutdown here? Do I have to?
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self._closed = True
+            if self.context:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self.context)
+                self.context = None
+            if self._client_cert_chain:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._client_cert_chain)
+                self._client_cert_chain = None
+            if self._keychain:
+                Security.SecKeychainDelete(self._keychain)
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._keychain)
+                shutil.rmtree(self._keychain_dir)
+                self._keychain = self._keychain_dir = None
+            return self.socket.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        # Urgh, annoying.
+        #
+        # Here's how we do this:
+        #
+        # 1. Call SSLCopyPeerTrust to get hold of the trust object for this
+        #    connection.
+        # 2. Call SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex for index 0 to get the leaf.
+        # 3. To get the CN, call SecCertificateCopyCommonName and process that
+        #    string so that it's of the appropriate type.
+        # 4. To get the SAN, we need to do something a bit more complex:
+        #    a. Call SecCertificateCopyValues to get the data, requesting
+        #       kSecOIDSubjectAltName.
+        #    b. Mess about with this dictionary to try to get the SANs out.
+        #
+        # This is gross. Really gross. It's going to be a few hundred LoC extra
+        # just to repeat something that SecureTransport can *already do*. So my
+        # operating assumption at this time is that what we want to do is
+        # instead to just flag to urllib3 that it shouldn't do its own hostname
+        # validation when using SecureTransport.
+        if not binary_form:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs")
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+        certdata = None
+        der_bytes = None
+
+        try:
+            # Grab the trust store.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                # Probably we haven't done the handshake yet. No biggie.
+                return None
+
+            cert_count = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust)
+            if not cert_count:
+                # Also a case that might happen if we haven't handshaked.
+                # Handshook? Handshaken?
+                return None
+
+            leaf = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, 0)
+            assert leaf
+
+            # Ok, now we want the DER bytes.
+            certdata = Security.SecCertificateCopyData(leaf)
+            assert certdata
+
+            data_length = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength(certdata)
+            data_buffer = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr(certdata)
+            der_bytes = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, data_length)
+        finally:
+            if certdata:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+        return der_bytes
+
+    def version(self):
+        protocol = Security.SSLProtocol()
+        result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(
+            self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+        if protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol13:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3")
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12:
+            return "TLSv1.2"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11:
+            return "TLSv1.1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1:
+            return "TLSv1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3:
+            return "SSLv3"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2:
+            return "SSLv2"
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("Unknown TLS version: %r" % protocol)
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+
+    def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        # We disable buffering with SecureTransport because it conflicts with
+        # the buffering that ST does internally (see issue #1153 for more).
+        buffering = 0
+        return backport_makefile(self, mode, buffering, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class SecureTransportContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the SecureTransport library, to translate the
+    interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object to calls into
+    SecureTransport.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._min_version, self._max_version = _protocol_to_min_max[protocol]
+        self._options = 0
+        self._verify = False
+        self._trust_bundle = None
+        self._client_cert = None
+        self._client_key = None
+        self._client_key_passphrase = None
+        self._alpn_protocols = None
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        # TODO: Well, crap.
+        #
+        # So this is the bit of the code that is the most likely to cause us
+        # trouble. Essentially we need to enumerate all of the SSL options that
+        # users might want to use and try to see if we can sensibly translate
+        # them, or whether we should just ignore them.
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        # TODO: Update in line with above.
+        self._options = value
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self._verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._verify = True if value == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED else False
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        # So, this has to do something a bit weird. Specifically, what it does
+        # is nothing.
+        #
+        # This means that, if we had previously had load_verify_locations
+        # called, this does not undo that. We need to do that because it turns
+        # out that the rest of the urllib3 code will attempt to load the
+        # default verify paths if it hasn't been told about any paths, even if
+        # the context itself was sometime earlier. We resolve that by just
+        # ignoring it.
+        pass
+
+    def load_default_certs(self):
+        return self.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        # For now, we just require the default cipher string.
+        if ciphers != util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings")
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        # OK, we only really support cadata and cafile.
+        if capath is not None:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport does not support cert directories")
+
+        # Raise if cafile does not exist.
+        if cafile is not None:
+            with open(cafile):
+                pass
+
+        self._trust_bundle = cafile or cadata
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._client_cert = certfile
+        self._client_key = keyfile
+        self._client_cert_passphrase = password
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets the ALPN protocols that will later be set on the context.
+
+        Raises a NotImplementedError if ALPN is not supported.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(Security, "SSLSetALPNProtocols"):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "SecureTransport supports ALPN only in macOS 10.12+"
+            )
+        self._alpn_protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        # So, what do we do here? Firstly, we assert some properties. This is a
+        # stripped down shim, so there is some functionality we don't support.
+        # See PEP 543 for the real deal.
+        assert not server_side
+        assert do_handshake_on_connect
+        assert suppress_ragged_eofs
+
+        # Ok, we're good to go. Now we want to create the wrapped socket object
+        # and store it in the appropriate place.
+        wrapped_socket = WrappedSocket(sock)
+
+        # Now we can handshake
+        wrapped_socket.handshake(
+            server_hostname,
+            self._verify,
+            self._trust_bundle,
+            self._min_version,
+            self._max_version,
+            self._client_cert,
+            self._client_key,
+            self._client_key_passphrase,
+            self._alpn_protocols,
+        )
+        return wrapped_socket
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c326e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+This module contains provisional support for SOCKS proxies from within
+urllib3. This module supports SOCKS4, SOCKS4A (an extension of SOCKS4), and
+SOCKS5. To enable its functionality, either install PySocks or install this
+module with the ``socks`` extra.
+
+The SOCKS implementation supports the full range of urllib3 features. It also
+supports the following SOCKS features:
+
+- SOCKS4A (``proxy_url='socks4a://...``)
+- SOCKS4 (``proxy_url='socks4://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with remote DNS (``proxy_url='socks5h://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with local DNS (``proxy_url='socks5://...``)
+- Usernames and passwords for the SOCKS proxy
+
+.. note::
+   It is recommended to use ``socks5h://`` or ``socks4a://`` schemes in
+   your ``proxy_url`` to ensure that DNS resolution is done from the remote
+   server instead of client-side when connecting to a domain name.
+
+SOCKS4 supports IPv4 and domain names with the SOCKS4A extension. SOCKS5
+supports IPv4, IPv6, and domain names.
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS4 proxy the ``username`` portion of the ``proxy_url``
+will be sent as the ``userid`` section of the SOCKS request:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks4a://<userid>@proxy-host"
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy the ``username`` and ``password`` portion
+of the ``proxy_url`` will be sent as the username/password to authenticate
+with the proxy:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks5h://<username>:<password>@proxy-host"
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    import socks
+except ImportError:
+    import warnings
+
+    from ..exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional "
+            "dependencies: specifically, PySocks.  For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/contrib.html#socks-proxies"
+        ),
+        DependencyWarning,
+    )
+    raise
+
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ..connection import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
+from ..connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NewConnectionError
+from ..poolmanager import PoolManager
+from ..util.url import parse_url
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+
+class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._socks_options = kwargs.pop("_socks_options")
+        super(SOCKSConnection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Establish a new connection via the SOCKS proxy.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = socks.create_connection(
+                (self.host, self.port),
+                proxy_type=self._socks_options["socks_version"],
+                proxy_addr=self._socks_options["proxy_host"],
+                proxy_port=self._socks_options["proxy_port"],
+                proxy_username=self._socks_options["username"],
+                proxy_password=self._socks_options["password"],
+                proxy_rdns=self._socks_options["rdns"],
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except socks.ProxyError as e:
+            # This is fragile as hell, but it seems to be the only way to raise
+            # useful errors here.
+            if e.socket_err:
+                error = e.socket_err
+                if isinstance(error, SocketTimeout):
+                    raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                        self,
+                        "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                        % (self.host, self.timeout),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise NewConnectionError(
+                        self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % error
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise NewConnectionError(
+                    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+                )
+
+        except SocketError as e:  # Defensive: PySocks should catch all these.
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+
+# We don't need to duplicate the Verified/Unverified distinction from
+# urllib3/connection.py here because the HTTPSConnection will already have been
+# correctly set to either the Verified or Unverified form by that module. This
+# means the SOCKSHTTPSConnection will automatically be the correct type.
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnection(SOCKSConnection, HTTPSConnection):
+    pass
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSHTTPSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the
+    defined SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    pool_classes_by_scheme = {
+        "http": SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
+        "https": SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+        parsed = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if username is None and password is None and parsed.auth is not None:
+            split = parsed.auth.split(":")
+            if len(split) == 2:
+                username, password = split
+        if parsed.scheme == "socks5":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks5h":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = True
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4a":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = True
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unable to determine SOCKS version from %s" % proxy_url)
+
+        self.proxy_url = proxy_url
+
+        socks_options = {
+            "socks_version": socks_version,
+            "proxy_host": parsed.host,
+            "proxy_port": parsed.port,
+            "username": username,
+            "password": password,
+            "rdns": rdns,
+        }
+        connection_pool_kw["_socks_options"] = socks_options
+
+        super(SOCKSProxyManager, self).__init__(
+            num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw
+        )
+
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = SOCKSProxyManager.pool_classes_by_scheme
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cba6f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
+
+# Base Exceptions
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """Base exception used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HTTPWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolError(HTTPError):
+    """Base exception for errors caused within a pool."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, message):
+        self.pool = pool
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, None)
+
+
+class RequestError(PoolError):
+    """Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
+        self.url = url
+        PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
+
+
+class SSLError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message, error, *args):
+        super(ProxyError, self).__init__(message, error, *args)
+        self.original_error = error
+
+
+class DecodeError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when something unexpected happens mid-request/response."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+#: Renamed to ProtocolError but aliased for backwards compatibility.
+ConnectionError = ProtocolError
+
+
+# Leaf Exceptions
+
+
+class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
+
+    :param pool: The connection pool
+    :type pool: :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    :param string url: The requested Url
+    :param exceptions.Exception reason: The underlying error
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
+        self.reason = reason
+
+        message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (url, reason)
+
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+
+
+class HostChangedError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
+        message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+        self.retries = retries
+
+
+class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
+    <ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
+# base HTTPError
+class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class NewConnectionError(ConnectTimeoutError, PoolError):
+    """Raised when we fail to establish a new connection. Usually ECONNREFUSED."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationValueError(ValueError, HTTPError):
+    """Raised when there is something wrong with a given URL input."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location):
+        message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, message)
+
+        self.location = location
+
+
+class URLSchemeUnknown(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when a URL input has an unsupported scheme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        message = "Not supported URL scheme %s" % scheme
+        super(URLSchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+        self.scheme = scheme
+
+
+class ResponseError(HTTPError):
+    """Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."""
+
+    GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
+    SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
+
+
+class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when performing security reducing actions"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SubjectAltNameWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when connecting to a host with a certificate missing a SAN."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureRequestWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when making an unverified HTTPS request."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SystemTimeWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when system time is suspected to be wrong"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecurePlatformWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when certain TLS/SSL configuration is not available on a platform."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SNIMissingWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when making a HTTPS request without SNI available."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
+    dependencies.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ResponseNotChunked(ProtocolError, ValueError):
+    """Response needs to be chunked in order to read it as chunks."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Body should be :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` like
+    (have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """
+    Response length doesn't match expected Content-Length
+
+    Subclass of :class:`http.client.IncompleteRead` to allow int value
+    for ``partial`` to avoid creating large objects on streamed reads.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, partial, expected):
+        super(IncompleteRead, self).__init__(partial, expected)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, %i more expected)" % (
+            self.partial,
+            self.expected,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidChunkLength(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """Invalid chunk length in a chunked response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, response, length):
+        super(InvalidChunkLength, self).__init__(
+            response.tell(), response.length_remaining
+        )
+        self.response = response
+        self.length = length
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "InvalidChunkLength(got length %r, %i bytes read)" % (
+            self.length,
+            self.partial,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
+    """The header provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, URLSchemeUnknown):
+    """ProxyManager does not support the supplied scheme"""
+
+    # TODO(t-8ch): Stop inheriting from AssertionError in v2.0.
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        # 'localhost' is here because our URL parser parses
+        # localhost:8080 -> scheme=localhost, remove if we fix this.
+        if scheme == "localhost":
+            scheme = None
+        if scheme is None:
+            message = "Proxy URL had no scheme, should start with http:// or https://"
+        else:
+            message = (
+                "Proxy URL had unsupported scheme %s, should use http:// or https://"
+                % scheme
+            )
+        super(ProxySchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnsupported(ValueError):
+    """Fetching HTTPS resources through HTTPS proxies is unsupported"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, defects, unparsed_data):
+        message = "%s, unparsed data: %r" % (defects or "Unknown", unparsed_data)
+        super(HeaderParsingError, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(HTTPError):
+    """urllib3 encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""
+
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d630f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email.utils
+import mimetypes
+import re
+
+from .packages import six
+
+
+def guess_content_type(filename, default="application/octet-stream"):
+    """
+    Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
+
+    :param filename:
+        The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
+    :param default:
+        If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
+    return default
+
+
+def format_header_param_rfc2231(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    strategy defined in RFC 2231.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
+    `RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
+        result = u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+        try:
+            result.encode("ascii")
+        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            return result
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.encode("utf-8")
+
+    # encode_rfc2231 accepts an encoded string and returns an ascii-encoded
+    # string in Python 2 but accepts and returns unicode strings in Python 3
+    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
+    value = "%s*=%s" % (name, value)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    return value
+
+
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS = {
+    u"\u0022": u"%22",
+    # Replace "\" with "\\".
+    u"\u005C": u"\u005C\u005C",
+}
+
+# All control characters from 0x00 to 0x1F *except* 0x1B.
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {
+        six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
+        for cc in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1)
+        if cc not in (0x1B,)
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _replace_multiple(value, needles_and_replacements):
+    def replacer(match):
+        return needles_and_replacements[match.group(0)]
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r"|".join([re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()])
+    )
+
+    result = pattern.sub(replacer, value)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def format_header_param_html5(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    HTML5 strategy.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows the `HTML5 Working Draft
+    Section 4.10.22.7`_ and matches the behavior of curl and modern browsers.
+
+    .. _HTML5 Working Draft Section 4.10.22.7:
+        https://w3c.github.io/html/sec-forms.html#multipart-form-data
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        A unicode string, stripped of troublesome characters.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    value = _replace_multiple(value, _HTML5_REPLACEMENTS)
+
+    return u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+
+
+# For backwards-compatibility.
+format_header_param = format_header_param_html5
+
+
+class RequestField(object):
+    """
+    A data container for request body parameters.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param data:
+        The data/value body.
+    :param filename:
+        An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param headers:
+        An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
+    :param header_formatter:
+        An optional callable that is used to encode and format the headers. By
+        default, this is :func:`format_header_param_html5`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name,
+        data,
+        filename=None,
+        headers=None,
+        header_formatter=format_header_param_html5,
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._filename = filename
+        self.data = data
+        self.headers = {}
+        if headers:
+            self.headers = dict(headers)
+        self.header_formatter = header_formatter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value, header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
+        """
+        A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
+
+        Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
+        parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
+        (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
+        For example::
+
+            'foo': 'bar',
+            'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+            'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+            'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
+            'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+
+        Field names and filenames must be unicode.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 3:
+                filename, data, content_type = value
+            else:
+                filename, data = value
+                content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
+        else:
+            filename = None
+            content_type = None
+            data = value
+
+        request_param = cls(
+            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
+        )
+        request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
+
+        return request_param
+
+    def _render_part(self, name, value):
+        """
+        Overridable helper function to format a single header parameter. By
+        default, this calls ``self.header_formatter``.
+
+        :param name:
+            The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+        :param value:
+            The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
+        """
+
+        return self.header_formatter(name, value)
+
+    def _render_parts(self, header_parts):
+        """
+        Helper function to format and quote a single header.
+
+        Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
+        'Content-Disposition' fields.
+
+        :param header_parts:
+            A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
+            as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
+        """
+        parts = []
+        iterable = header_parts
+        if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
+            iterable = header_parts.items()
+
+        for name, value in iterable:
+            if value is not None:
+                parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
+
+        return u"; ".join(parts)
+
+    def render_headers(self):
+        """
+        Renders the headers for this request field.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
+        for sort_key in sort_keys:
+            if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
+                lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
+
+        for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+            if header_name not in sort_keys:
+                if header_value:
+                    lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (header_name, header_value))
+
+        lines.append(u"\r\n")
+        return u"\r\n".join(lines)
+
+    def make_multipart(
+        self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
+
+        This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
+        "Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
+
+        :param content_type:
+            The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
+        :param content_location:
+            The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
+
+        """
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition or u"form-data"
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] += u"; ".join(
+            [
+                u"",
+                self._render_parts(
+                    ((u"name", self._name), (u"filename", self._filename))
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c9252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import binascii
+import codecs
+import os
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from .fields import RequestField
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import b
+
+writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
+
+
+def choose_boundary():
+    """
+    Our embarrassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
+    """
+    boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
+    if not six.PY2:
+        boundary = boundary.decode("ascii")
+    return boundary
+
+
+def iter_field_objects(fields):
+    """
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        i = six.iteritems(fields)
+    else:
+        i = iter(fields)
+
+    for field in i:
+        if isinstance(field, RequestField):
+            yield field
+        else:
+            yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
+
+
+def iter_fields(fields):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6
+
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    The addition of :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` makes this function
+    obsolete. Instead, use :func:`iter_field_objects`, which returns
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` objects.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
+
+    return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
+    """
+    Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
+
+    :param fields:
+        Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
+
+    :param boundary:
+        If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
+        :func:`urllib3.filepost.choose_boundary`.
+    """
+    body = BytesIO()
+    if boundary is None:
+        boundary = choose_boundary()
+
+    for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
+        body.write(b("--%s\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+        writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
+        data = field.data
+
+        if isinstance(data, int):
+            data = str(data)  # Backwards compatibility
+
+        if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
+            writer(body).write(data)
+        else:
+            body.write(data)
+
+        body.write(b"\r\n")
+
+    body.write(b("--%s--\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+    content_type = str("multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary)
+
+    return body.getvalue(), content_type
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8fb215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.makefile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``socket.makefile`` method for use with anything that
+wants to create a "fake" socket object.
+"""
+import io
+from socket import SocketIO
+
+
+def backport_makefile(
+    self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+):
+    """
+    Backport of ``socket.makefile`` from Python 3.5.
+    """
+    if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+        raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+    writing = "w" in mode
+    reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+    assert reading or writing
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    rawmode = ""
+    if reading:
+        rawmode += "r"
+    if writing:
+        rawmode += "w"
+    raw = SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+    self._makefile_refs += 1
+    if buffering is None:
+        buffering = -1
+    if buffering < 0:
+        buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+    if buffering == 0:
+        if not binary:
+            raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+        return raw
+    if reading and writing:
+        buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+    elif reading:
+        buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+    else:
+        assert writing
+        buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+    if binary:
+        return buffer
+    text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+    text.mode = mode
+    return text
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f2966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.weakref_finalize
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``weakref.finalize`` method.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import itertools
+import sys
+from weakref import ref
+
+__all__ = ["weakref_finalize"]
+
+
+class weakref_finalize(object):
+    """Class for finalization of weakrefable objects
+    finalize(obj, func, *args, **kwargs) returns a callable finalizer
+    object which will be called when obj is garbage collected. The
+    first time the finalizer is called it evaluates func(*arg, **kwargs)
+    and returns the result. After this the finalizer is dead, and
+    calling it just returns None.
+    When the program exits any remaining finalizers for which the
+    atexit attribute is true will be run in reverse order of creation.
+    By default atexit is true.
+    """
+
+    # Finalizer objects don't have any state of their own.  They are
+    # just used as keys to lookup _Info objects in the registry.  This
+    # ensures that they cannot be part of a ref-cycle.
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _registry = {}
+    _shutdown = False
+    _index_iter = itertools.count()
+    _dirty = False
+    _registered_with_atexit = False
+
+    class _Info(object):
+        __slots__ = ("weakref", "func", "args", "kwargs", "atexit", "index")
+
+    def __init__(self, obj, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        if not self._registered_with_atexit:
+            # We may register the exit function more than once because
+            # of a thread race, but that is harmless
+            import atexit
+
+            atexit.register(self._exitfunc)
+            weakref_finalize._registered_with_atexit = True
+        info = self._Info()
+        info.weakref = ref(obj, self)
+        info.func = func
+        info.args = args
+        info.kwargs = kwargs or None
+        info.atexit = True
+        info.index = next(self._index_iter)
+        self._registry[self] = info
+        weakref_finalize._dirty = True
+
+    def __call__(self, _=None):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return func(*args, **kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.pop(self, None)
+        if info and not self._shutdown:
+            return info.func(*info.args, **(info.kwargs or {}))
+
+    def detach(self):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None and self._registry.pop(self, None):
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    def peek(self):
+        """If alive then return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None:
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    @property
+    def alive(self):
+        """Whether finalizer is alive"""
+        return self in self._registry
+
+    @property
+    def atexit(self):
+        """Whether finalizer should be called at exit"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        return bool(info) and info.atexit
+
+    @atexit.setter
+    def atexit(self, value):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        if info:
+            info.atexit = bool(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is None:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; dead>" % (type(self).__name__, id(self))
+        else:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; for %r at %#x>" % (
+                type(self).__name__,
+                id(self),
+                type(obj).__name__,
+                id(obj),
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _select_for_exit(cls):
+        # Return live finalizers marked for exit, oldest first
+        L = [(f, i) for (f, i) in cls._registry.items() if i.atexit]
+        L.sort(key=lambda item: item[1].index)
+        return [f for (f, i) in L]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _exitfunc(cls):
+        # At shutdown invoke finalizers for which atexit is true.
+        # This is called once all other non-daemonic threads have been
+        # joined.
+        reenable_gc = False
+        try:
+            if cls._registry:
+                import gc
+
+                if gc.isenabled():
+                    reenable_gc = True
+                    gc.disable()
+                pending = None
+                while True:
+                    if pending is None or weakref_finalize._dirty:
+                        pending = cls._select_for_exit()
+                        weakref_finalize._dirty = False
+                    if not pending:
+                        break
+                    f = pending.pop()
+                    try:
+                        # gc is disabled, so (assuming no daemonic
+                        # threads) the following is the only line in
+                        # this function which might trigger creation
+                        # of a new finalizer
+                        f()
+                    except Exception:
+                        sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
+                    assert f not in cls._registry
+        finally:
+            # prevent any more finalizers from executing during shutdown
+            weakref_finalize._shutdown = True
+            if reenable_gc:
+                gc.enable()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f099a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
+__version__ = "1.16.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = (str,)
+    integer_types = (int,)
+    class_types = (type,)
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = (basestring,)
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+if PY34:
+    from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+else:
+    spec_from_loader = None
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        return self.load_module(spec.name)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("getoutput", "commands", "subprocess"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "collections_abc",
+        "collections",
+        "collections.abc" if sys.version_info >= (3, 3) else "collections",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_ndbm", "dbm", "dbm.ndbm"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "_dummy_thread",
+        "dummy_thread",
+        "_dummy_thread" if sys.version_info < (3, 9) else "_thread",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_image", "email.MIMEImage", "email.mime.image"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser", "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog", "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "unquote_to_bytes", "urllib", "urllib.parse", "unquote", "unquote_to_bytes"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitvalue", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+    "moves.urllib_parse",
+    "moves.urllib.parse",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+    "moves.urllib_error",
+    "moves.urllib.error",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_http_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_keqv_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+    "moves.urllib_request",
+    "moves.urllib.request",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+    "moves.urllib_response",
+    "moves.urllib.response",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = (
+    _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+)
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+    "moves.urllib_robotparser",
+    "moves.urllib.robotparser",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ["parse", "error", "request", "response", "robotparser"]
+
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"), "moves.urllib"
+)
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+
+
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(
+    get_unbound_function, """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function"""
+)
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems, "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(
+    iterlists, "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary."
+)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    del io
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegex"
+else:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r"\\", r"\\\\"), "unicode_escape")
+
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertNotRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertNotRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        try:
+            if value is None:
+                value = tp()
+            if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+                raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+            raise value
+        finally:
+            value = None
+            tb = None
+
+else:
+
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec ("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_(
+        """def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    try:
+        raise tp, value, tb
+    finally:
+        tb = None
+"""
+    )
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,):
+    exec_(
+        """def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+"""
+    )
+else:
+
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (
+                isinstance(fp, file)
+                and isinstance(data, unicode)
+                and fp.encoding is not None
+            ):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    # This does exactly the same what the :func:`py3:functools.update_wrapper`
+    # function does on Python versions after 3.2. It sets the ``__wrapped__``
+    # attribute on ``wrapper`` object and it doesn't raise an error if any of
+    # the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on
+    # ``wrapped`` object.
+    def _update_wrapper(
+        wrapper,
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        for attr in assigned:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            else:
+                setattr(wrapper, attr, value)
+        for attr in updated:
+            getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
+        wrapper.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+        return wrapper
+
+    _update_wrapper.__doc__ = functools.update_wrapper.__doc__
+
+    def wraps(
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        return functools.partial(
+            _update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped, assigned=assigned, updated=updated
+        )
+
+    wraps.__doc__ = functools.wraps.__doc__
+
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+                # This version introduced PEP 560 that requires a bit
+                # of extra care (we mimic what is done by __build_class__).
+                resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(bases)
+                if resolved_bases is not bases:
+                    d["__orig_bases__"] = bases
+            else:
+                resolved_bases = bases
+            return meta(name, resolved_bases, d)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __prepare__(cls, name, this_bases):
+            return meta.__prepare__(name, bases)
+
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get("__slots__")
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop("__dict__", None)
+        orig_vars.pop("__weakref__", None)
+        if hasattr(cls, "__qualname__"):
+            orig_vars["__qualname__"] = cls.__qualname__
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def ensure_binary(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce **s** to six.binary_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> encoded to `bytes`
+      - `bytes` -> `bytes`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def ensure_str(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to `str`.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    # Optimization: Fast return for the common case.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return s
+    if PY2 and isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    elif PY3 and isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif not isinstance(s, (text_type, binary_type)):
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+    return s
+
+
+def ensure_text(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to six.text_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> `unicode`
+      - `str` -> `unicode`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A class decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if "__str__" not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." % klass.__name__
+            )
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (
+            type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter"
+            and importer.name == __name__
+        ):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb51bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import collections
+import functools
+import logging
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict, RecentlyUsedContainer
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, port_by_scheme
+from .exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProxySchemeUnknown,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    URLSchemeUnknown,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.url import parse_url
+
+__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SSL_KEYWORDS = (
+    "key_file",
+    "cert_file",
+    "cert_reqs",
+    "ca_certs",
+    "ssl_version",
+    "ca_cert_dir",
+    "ssl_context",
+    "key_password",
+    "server_hostname",
+)
+
+# All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
+# pools, or the underlying connections. This is used to construct a pool key.
+_key_fields = (
+    "key_scheme",  # str
+    "key_host",  # str
+    "key_port",  # int
+    "key_timeout",  # int or float or Timeout
+    "key_retries",  # int or Retry
+    "key_strict",  # bool
+    "key_block",  # bool
+    "key_source_address",  # str
+    "key_key_file",  # str
+    "key_key_password",  # str
+    "key_cert_file",  # str
+    "key_cert_reqs",  # str
+    "key_ca_certs",  # str
+    "key_ssl_version",  # str
+    "key_ca_cert_dir",  # str
+    "key_ssl_context",  # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
+    "key_maxsize",  # int
+    "key_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy",  # parsed proxy url
+    "key__proxy_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy_config",  # class
+    "key_socket_options",  # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
+    "key__socks_options",  # dict
+    "key_assert_hostname",  # bool or string
+    "key_assert_fingerprint",  # str
+    "key_server_hostname",  # str
+)
+
+#: The namedtuple class used to construct keys for the connection pool.
+#: All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
+PoolKey = collections.namedtuple("PoolKey", _key_fields)
+
+_proxy_config_fields = ("ssl_context", "use_forwarding_for_https")
+ProxyConfig = collections.namedtuple("ProxyConfig", _proxy_config_fields)
+
+
+def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
+    """
+    Create a pool key out of a request context dictionary.
+
+    According to RFC 3986, both the scheme and host are case-insensitive.
+    Therefore, this function normalizes both before constructing the pool
+    key for an HTTPS request. If you wish to change this behaviour, provide
+    alternate callables to ``key_fn_by_scheme``.
+
+    :param key_class:
+        The class to use when constructing the key. This should be a namedtuple
+        with the ``scheme`` and ``host`` keys at a minimum.
+    :type  key_class: namedtuple
+    :param request_context:
+        A dictionary-like object that contain the context for a request.
+    :type  request_context: dict
+
+    :return: A namedtuple that can be used as a connection pool key.
+    :rtype:  PoolKey
+    """
+    # Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
+    context = request_context.copy()
+    context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
+    context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
+
+    # These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
+    for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
+        if key in context and context[key] is not None:
+            context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
+
+    # The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
+    # tuple.
+    socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
+    if socket_opts is not None:
+        context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
+
+    # Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
+    # namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
+    for key in list(context.keys()):
+        context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
+
+    # Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
+    for field in key_class._fields:
+        if field not in context:
+            context[field] = None
+
+    return key_class(**context)
+
+
+#: A dictionary that maps a scheme to a callable that creates a pool key.
+#: This can be used to alter the way pool keys are constructed, if desired.
+#: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
+#: globally here, or individually on the instance.
+key_fn_by_scheme = {
+    "http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+    "https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+}
+
+pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
+
+
+class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
+    necessary connection pools for you.
+
+    :param num_pools:
+        Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
+        recently used pool.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param \\**connection_pool_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/mail')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
+        >>> len(manager.pools)
+        2
+
+    """
+
+    proxy = None
+    proxy_config = None
+
+    def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
+        self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools)
+
+        # Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
+        # override them.
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = pool_classes_by_scheme
+        self.key_fn_by_scheme = key_fn_by_scheme.copy()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.clear()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def _new_pool(self, scheme, host, port, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Create a new :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on host, port, scheme, and
+        any additional pool keyword arguments.
+
+        If ``request_context`` is provided, it is provided as keyword arguments
+        to the pool class used. This method is used to actually create the
+        connection pools handed out by :meth:`connection_from_url` and
+        companion methods. It is intended to be overridden for customization.
+        """
+        pool_cls = self.pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
+        if request_context is None:
+            request_context = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+
+        # Although the context has everything necessary to create the pool,
+        # this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
+        # in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
+        # be removed.
+        for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
+            request_context.pop(key, None)
+
+        if scheme == "http":
+            for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
+                request_context.pop(kw, None)
+
+        return pool_cls(host, port, **request_context)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
+
+        This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
+        re-used after completion.
+        """
+        self.pools.clear()
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
+
+        If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
+        ``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``. If ``pool_kwargs`` is
+        provided, it is merged with the instance's ``connection_pool_kw``
+        variable and used to create the new connection pool, if one is
+        needed.
+        """
+
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
+        request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
+        if not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
+        request_context["port"] = port
+        request_context["host"] = host
+
+        return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_context(self, request_context):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the request context.
+
+        ``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
+        value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
+        """
+        scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
+        pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        if not pool_key_constructor:
+            raise URLSchemeUnknown(scheme)
+        pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
+
+        return self.connection_from_pool_key(pool_key, request_context=request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_pool_key(self, pool_key, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the provided pool key.
+
+        ``pool_key`` should be a namedtuple that only contains immutable
+        objects. At a minimum it must have the ``scheme``, ``host``, and
+        ``port`` fields.
+        """
+        with self.pools.lock:
+            # If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
+            # connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
+            pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
+            if pool:
+                return pool
+
+            # Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
+            scheme = request_context["scheme"]
+            host = request_context["host"]
+            port = request_context["port"]
+            pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
+            self.pools[pool_key] = pool
+
+        return pool
+
+    def connection_from_url(self, url, pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url`.
+
+        If ``pool_kwargs`` is not provided and a new pool needs to be
+        constructed, ``self.connection_pool_kw`` is used to initialize
+        the :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool`. If ``pool_kwargs``
+        is provided, it is used instead. Note that if a new pool does not
+        need to be created for the request, the provided ``pool_kwargs`` are
+        not used.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        return self.connection_from_host(
+            u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _merge_pool_kwargs(self, override):
+        """
+        Merge a dictionary of override values for self.connection_pool_kw.
+
+        This does not modify self.connection_pool_kw and returns a new dict.
+        Any keys in the override dictionary with a value of ``None`` are
+        removed from the merged dictionary.
+        """
+        base_pool_kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+        if override:
+            for key, value in override.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del base_pool_kwargs[key]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    base_pool_kwargs[key] = value
+        return base_pool_kwargs
+
+    def _proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(self, parsed_url):
+        """
+        Indicates if the proxy requires the complete destination URL in the
+        request.  Normally this is only needed when not using an HTTP CONNECT
+        tunnel.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None:
+            return False
+
+        return not connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, parsed_url.scheme
+        )
+
+    def _validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(self, url_scheme):
+        """
+        Validates that were not attempting to do TLS in TLS connections on
+        Python2 or with unsupported SSL implementations.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None or url_scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if six.PY2 and not self.proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https:
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "Contacting HTTPS destinations through HTTPS proxies "
+                "'via CONNECT tunnels' is not supported in Python 2"
+            )
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        """
+        Same as :meth:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
+        with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
+        portion of the ``url``.
+
+        The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        self._validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(u.scheme)
+
+        conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
+
+        kw["assert_same_host"] = False
+        kw["redirect"] = False
+
+        if "headers" not in kw:
+            kw["headers"] = self.headers.copy()
+
+        if self._proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(u):
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
+        else:
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
+
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if not redirect_location:
+            return response
+
+        # Support relative URLs for redirecting.
+        redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+
+        if response.status == 303:
+            # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+            method = "GET"
+            # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+            kw["body"] = None
+            kw["headers"] = HTTPHeaderDict(kw["headers"])._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+        retries = kw.get("retries")
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
+
+        # Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
+        # Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
+        # conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
+        if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
+            redirect_location
+        ):
+            headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw["headers"]))
+            for header in headers:
+                if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
+                    kw["headers"].pop(header, None)
+
+        try:
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
+        except MaxRetryError:
+            if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                response.drain_conn()
+                raise
+            return response
+
+        kw["retries"] = retries
+        kw["redirect"] = redirect
+
+        log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+
+        response.drain_conn()
+        return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
+
+
+class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
+    the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
+
+    :param proxy_url:
+        The URL of the proxy to be used.
+
+    :param proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary containing headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
+        of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
+        HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
+        authentication.
+
+    :param proxy_ssl_context:
+        The proxy SSL context is used to establish the TLS connection to the
+        proxy when using HTTPS proxies.
+
+    :param use_forwarding_for_https:
+        (Defaults to False) If set to True will forward requests to the HTTPS
+        proxy to be made on behalf of the client instead of creating a TLS
+        tunnel via the CONNECT method. **Enabling this flag means that request
+        and response headers and content will be visible from the HTTPS proxy**
+        whereas tunneling keeps request and response headers and content
+        private.  IP address, target hostname, SNI, and port are always visible
+        to an HTTPS proxy even when this flag is disabled.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager('http://localhost:3128/')
+        >>> r1 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r2 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        1
+        >>> r3 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> r4 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://twitter.com/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        3
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        proxy_headers=None,
+        proxy_ssl_context=None,
+        use_forwarding_for_https=False,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
+            proxy_url = "%s://%s:%i" % (
+                proxy_url.scheme,
+                proxy_url.host,
+                proxy_url.port,
+            )
+        proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if proxy.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise ProxySchemeUnknown(proxy.scheme)
+
+        if not proxy.port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
+            proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
+
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(proxy_ssl_context, use_forwarding_for_https)
+
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        if scheme == "https":
+            return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+                host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+            self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
+        """
+        Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
+        headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
+        """
+        headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
+
+        netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
+        if netloc:
+            headers_["Host"] = netloc
+
+        if headers:
+            headers_.update(headers)
+        return headers_
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        "Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        if not connection_requires_http_tunnel(self.proxy, self.proxy_config, u.scheme):
+            # For connections using HTTP CONNECT, httplib sets the necessary
+            # headers on the CONNECT to the proxy. If we're not using CONNECT,
+            # we'll definitely need to set 'Host' at the very least.
+            headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
+            kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
+
+
+def proxy_from_url(url, **kw):
+    return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4cf99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import sys
+
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+__all__ = ["RequestMethods"]
+
+
+class RequestMethods(object):
+    """
+    Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
+    as :class:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool` and
+    :class:`urllib3.PoolManager`.
+
+    Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
+    decides which type of request field encoding to use.
+
+    Specifically,
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded
+    (such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
+
+    :meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
+    appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
+    the request.
+
+    Initializer parameters:
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+    """
+
+    _encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None):
+        self.headers = headers or {}
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **kw
+    ):  # Abstract
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
+            "their own ``urlopen`` method."
+        )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
+        ``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
+
+        This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
+        effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the
+        option to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
+        :meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
+        or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
+        """
+        method = method.upper()
+
+        urlopen_kw["request_url"] = url
+
+        if method in self._encode_url_methods:
+            return self.request_encode_url(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.request_encode_body(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+
+    def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": headers}
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        if fields:
+            url += "?" + urlencode(fields)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+    def request_encode_body(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        fields=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **urlopen_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
+
+        When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
+        :func:`urllib3.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode
+        the payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
+        :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` is used with the
+        'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
+
+        Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
+        safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request
+        signing, such as with OAuth.
+
+        Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
+        key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where
+        the MIME type is optional. For example::
+
+            fields = {
+                'foo': 'bar',
+                'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+                'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+                'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(),
+                              'image/jpeg'),
+                'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+            }
+
+        When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
+        tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimic behavior of browsers.
+
+        Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will
+        be overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
+        which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
+        string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": {}}
+
+        if fields:
+            if "body" in urlopen_kw:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one."
+                )
+
+            if encode_multipart:
+                body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(
+                    fields, boundary=multipart_boundary
+                )
+            else:
+                body, content_type = (
+                    urlencode(fields),
+                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+                )
+
+            extra_kw["body"] = body
+            extra_kw["headers"] = {"Content-Type": content_type}
+
+        extra_kw["headers"].update(headers)
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+
+if not six.PY2:
+
+    class RequestModule(sys.modules[__name__].__class__):
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            If user tries to call this module directly urllib3 v2.x style raise an error to the user
+            suggesting they may need urllib3 v2
+            """
+            raise TypeError(
+                "'module' object is not callable\n"
+                "urllib3.request() method is not supported in this release, "
+                "upgrade to urllib3 v2 to use it\n"
+                "see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/v2-migration-guide.html"
+            )
+
+    sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = RequestModule
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8909f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import sys
+import warnings
+import zlib
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+brotli = None
+
+from . import util
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import BaseSSLError, HTTPException
+from .exceptions import (
+    BodyNotHttplibCompatible,
+    DecodeError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    InvalidChunkLength,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseNotChunked,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .util.response import is_fp_closed, is_response_to_head
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._first_try = True
+        self._data = b""
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+
+        if not self._first_try:
+            return self._obj.decompress(data)
+
+        self._data += data
+        try:
+            decompressed = self._obj.decompress(data)
+            if decompressed:
+                self._first_try = False
+                self._data = None
+            return decompressed
+        except zlib.error:
+            self._first_try = False
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+            try:
+                return self.decompress(self._data)
+            finally:
+                self._data = None
+
+
+class GzipDecoderState(object):
+
+    FIRST_MEMBER = 0
+    OTHER_MEMBERS = 1
+    SWALLOW_DATA = 2
+
+
+class GzipDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        self._state = GzipDecoderState.FIRST_MEMBER
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        ret = bytearray()
+        if self._state == GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA or not data:
+            return bytes(ret)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                ret += self._obj.decompress(data)
+            except zlib.error:
+                previous_state = self._state
+                # Ignore data after the first error
+                self._state = GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA
+                if previous_state == GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS:
+                    # Allow trailing garbage acceptable in other gzip clients
+                    return bytes(ret)
+                raise
+            data = self._obj.unused_data
+            if not data:
+                return bytes(ret)
+            self._state = GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+
+
+if brotli is not None:
+
+    class BrotliDecoder(object):
+        # Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages
+        # since they share an import name. The top branches
+        # are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._obj = brotli.Decompressor()
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "decompress"):
+                self.decompress = self._obj.decompress
+            else:
+                self.decompress = self._obj.process
+
+        def flush(self):
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "flush"):
+                return self._obj.flush()
+            return b""
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(object):
+    """
+    From RFC7231:
+        If one or more encodings have been applied to a representation, the
+        sender that applied the encodings MUST generate a Content-Encoding
+        header field that lists the content codings in the order in which
+        they were applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, modes):
+        self._decoders = [_get_decoder(m.strip()) for m in modes.split(",")]
+
+    def flush(self):
+        return self._decoders[0].flush()
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        for d in reversed(self._decoders):
+            data = d.decompress(data)
+        return data
+
+
+def _get_decoder(mode):
+    if "," in mode:
+        return MultiDecoder(mode)
+
+    if mode == "gzip":
+        return GzipDecoder()
+
+    if brotli is not None and mode == "br":
+        return BrotliDecoder()
+
+    return DeflateDecoder()
+
+
+class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Response container.
+
+    Backwards-compatible with :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` but the response ``body`` is
+    loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed.  This
+    class is also compatible with the Python standard library's :mod:`io`
+    module, and can hence be treated as a readable object in the context of that
+    framework.
+
+    Extra parameters for behaviour not present in :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`:
+
+    :param preload_content:
+        If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.
+
+    :param decode_content:
+        If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+        'content-encoding' header.
+
+    :param original_response:
+        When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`
+        object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. It's
+        otherwise unused.
+
+    :param retries:
+        The retries contains the last :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` that
+        was used during the request.
+
+    :param enforce_content_length:
+        Enforce content length checking. Body returned by server must match
+        value of Content-Length header, if present. Otherwise, raise error.
+    """
+
+    CONTENT_DECODERS = ["gzip", "deflate"]
+    if brotli is not None:
+        CONTENT_DECODERS += ["br"]
+    REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body="",
+        headers=None,
+        status=0,
+        version=0,
+        reason=None,
+        strict=0,
+        preload_content=True,
+        decode_content=True,
+        original_response=None,
+        pool=None,
+        connection=None,
+        msg=None,
+        retries=None,
+        enforce_content_length=False,
+        request_method=None,
+        request_url=None,
+        auto_close=True,
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            self.headers = headers
+        else:
+            self.headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)
+        self.status = status
+        self.version = version
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.decode_content = decode_content
+        self.retries = retries
+        self.enforce_content_length = enforce_content_length
+        self.auto_close = auto_close
+
+        self._decoder = None
+        self._body = None
+        self._fp = None
+        self._original_response = original_response
+        self._fp_bytes_read = 0
+        self.msg = msg
+        self._request_url = request_url
+
+        if body and isinstance(body, (six.string_types, bytes)):
+            self._body = body
+
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._connection = connection
+
+        if hasattr(body, "read"):
+            self._fp = body
+
+        # Are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
+        self.chunked = False
+        self.chunk_left = None
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding", "").lower()
+        # Don't incur the penalty of creating a list and then discarding it
+        encodings = (enc.strip() for enc in tr_enc.split(","))
+        if "chunked" in encodings:
+            self.chunked = True
+
+        # Determine length of response
+        self.length_remaining = self._init_length(request_method)
+
+        # If requested, preload the body.
+        if preload_content and not self._body:
+            self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)
+
+    def get_redirect_location(self):
+        """
+        Should we redirect and where to?
+
+        :returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status
+            code and valid location. ``None`` if redirect status and no
+            location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
+        """
+        if self.status in self.REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            return self.headers.get("location")
+
+        return False
+
+    def release_conn(self):
+        if not self._pool or not self._connection:
+            return
+
+        self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)
+        self._connection = None
+
+    def drain_conn(self):
+        """
+        Read and discard any remaining HTTP response data in the response connection.
+
+        Unread data in the HTTPResponse connection blocks the connection from being released back to the pool.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.read()
+        except (HTTPError, SocketError, BaseSSLError, HTTPException):
+            pass
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        # For backwards-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.
+        if self._body:
+            return self._body
+
+        if self._fp:
+            return self.read(cache_content=True)
+
+    @property
+    def connection(self):
+        return self._connection
+
+    def isclosed(self):
+        return is_fp_closed(self._fp)
+
+    def tell(self):
+        """
+        Obtain the number of bytes pulled over the wire so far. May differ from
+        the amount of content returned by :meth:``urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read``
+        if bytes are encoded on the wire (e.g, compressed).
+        """
+        return self._fp_bytes_read
+
+    def _init_length(self, request_method):
+        """
+        Set initial length value for Response content if available.
+        """
+        length = self.headers.get("content-length")
+
+        if length is not None:
+            if self.chunked:
+                # This Response will fail with an IncompleteRead if it can't be
+                # received as chunked. This method falls back to attempt reading
+                # the response before raising an exception.
+                log.warning(
+                    "Received response with both Content-Length and "
+                    "Transfer-Encoding set. This is expressly forbidden "
+                    "by RFC 7230 sec 3.3.2. Ignoring Content-Length and "
+                    "attempting to process response as Transfer-Encoding: "
+                    "chunked."
+                )
+                return None
+
+            try:
+                # RFC 7230 section 3.3.2 specifies multiple content lengths can
+                # be sent in a single Content-Length header
+                # (e.g. Content-Length: 42, 42). This line ensures the values
+                # are all valid ints and that as long as the `set` length is 1,
+                # all values are the same. Otherwise, the header is invalid.
+                lengths = set([int(val) for val in length.split(",")])
+                if len(lengths) > 1:
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Content-Length contained multiple "
+                        "unmatching values (%s)" % length
+                    )
+                length = lengths.pop()
+            except ValueError:
+                length = None
+            else:
+                if length < 0:
+                    length = None
+
+        # Convert status to int for comparison
+        # In some cases, httplib returns a status of "_UNKNOWN"
+        try:
+            status = int(self.status)
+        except ValueError:
+            status = 0
+
+        # Check for responses that shouldn't include a body
+        if status in (204, 304) or 100 <= status < 200 or request_method == "HEAD":
+            length = 0
+
+        return length
+
+    def _init_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Set-up the _decoder attribute if necessary.
+        """
+        # Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 7230
+        # Section 3.2
+        content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+        if self._decoder is None:
+            if content_encoding in self.CONTENT_DECODERS:
+                self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+            elif "," in content_encoding:
+                encodings = [
+                    e.strip()
+                    for e in content_encoding.split(",")
+                    if e.strip() in self.CONTENT_DECODERS
+                ]
+                if len(encodings):
+                    self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+
+    DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES = (IOError, zlib.error)
+    if brotli is not None:
+        DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES += (brotli.error,)
+
+    def _decode(self, data, decode_content, flush_decoder):
+        """
+        Decode the data passed in and potentially flush the decoder.
+        """
+        if not decode_content:
+            return data
+
+        try:
+            if self._decoder:
+                data = self._decoder.decompress(data)
+        except self.DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES as e:
+            content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
+                "failed to decode it." % content_encoding,
+                e,
+            )
+        if flush_decoder:
+            data += self._flush_decoder()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _flush_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Flushes the decoder. Should only be called if the decoder is actually
+        being used.
+        """
+        if self._decoder:
+            buf = self._decoder.decompress(b"")
+            return buf + self._decoder.flush()
+
+        return b""
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _error_catcher(self):
+        """
+        Catch low-level python exceptions, instead re-raising urllib3
+        variants, so that low-level exceptions are not leaked in the
+        high-level api.
+
+        On exit, release the connection back to the pool.
+        """
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                yield
+
+            except SocketTimeout:
+                # FIXME: Ideally we'd like to include the url in the ReadTimeoutError but
+                # there is yet no clean way to get at it from this context.
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except BaseSSLError as e:
+                # FIXME: Is there a better way to differentiate between SSLErrors?
+                if "read operation timed out" not in str(e):
+                    # SSL errors related to framing/MAC get wrapped and reraised here
+                    raise SSLError(e)
+
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except (HTTPException, SocketError) as e:
+                # This includes IncompleteRead.
+                raise ProtocolError("Connection broken: %r" % e, e)
+
+            # If no exception is thrown, we should avoid cleaning up
+            # unnecessarily.
+            clean_exit = True
+        finally:
+            # If we didn't terminate cleanly, we need to throw away our
+            # connection.
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # The response may not be closed but we're not going to use it
+                # anymore so close it now to ensure that the connection is
+                # released back to the pool.
+                if self._original_response:
+                    self._original_response.close()
+
+                # Closing the response may not actually be sufficient to close
+                # everything, so if we have a hold of the connection close that
+                # too.
+                if self._connection:
+                    self._connection.close()
+
+            # If we hold the original response but it's closed now, we should
+            # return the connection back to the pool.
+            if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():
+                self.release_conn()
+
+    def _fp_read(self, amt):
+        """
+        Read a response with the thought that reading the number of bytes
+        larger than can fit in a 32-bit int at a time via SSL in some
+        known cases leads to an overflow error that has to be prevented
+        if `amt` or `self.length_remaining` indicate that a problem may
+        happen.
+
+        The known cases:
+          * 3.8 <= CPython < 3.9.7 because of a bug
+            https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2513#issuecomment-1152559900.
+          * urllib3 injected with pyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support.
+          * CPython < 3.10 only when `amt` does not fit 32-bit int.
+        """
+        assert self._fp
+        c_int_max = 2 ** 31 - 1
+        if (
+            (
+                (amt and amt > c_int_max)
+                or (self.length_remaining and self.length_remaining > c_int_max)
+            )
+            and not util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT
+            and (util.IS_PYOPENSSL or sys.version_info < (3, 10))
+        ):
+            buffer = io.BytesIO()
+            # Besides `max_chunk_amt` being a maximum chunk size, it
+            # affects memory overhead of reading a response by this
+            # method in CPython.
+            # `c_int_max` equal to 2 GiB - 1 byte is the actual maximum
+            # chunk size that does not lead to an overflow error, but
+            # 256 MiB is a compromise.
+            max_chunk_amt = 2 ** 28
+            while amt is None or amt != 0:
+                if amt is not None:
+                    chunk_amt = min(amt, max_chunk_amt)
+                    amt -= chunk_amt
+                else:
+                    chunk_amt = max_chunk_amt
+                data = self._fp.read(chunk_amt)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                buffer.write(data)
+                del data  # to reduce peak memory usage by `max_chunk_amt`.
+            return buffer.getvalue()
+        else:
+            # StringIO doesn't like amt=None
+            return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
+
+    def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`http.client.HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional
+        parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+
+        :param cache_content:
+            If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is
+            returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. This
+            is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working
+            after having ``.read()`` the file object. (Overridden if ``amt`` is
+            set.)
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        if decode_content is None:
+            decode_content = self.decode_content
+
+        if self._fp is None:
+            return
+
+        flush_decoder = False
+        fp_closed = getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
+            if amt is None:
+                flush_decoder = True
+            else:
+                cache_content = False
+                if (
+                    amt != 0 and not data
+                ):  # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
+                    # Close the connection when no data is returned
+                    #
+                    # This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_
+                    # already do.  However, versions of python released before
+                    # December 15, 2012 (http://bugs.python.org/issue16298) do
+                    # not properly close the connection in all cases. There is
+                    # no harm in redundantly calling close.
+                    self._fp.close()
+                    flush_decoder = True
+                    if self.enforce_content_length and self.length_remaining not in (
+                        0,
+                        None,
+                    ):
+                        # This is an edge case that httplib failed to cover due
+                        # to concerns of backward compatibility. We're
+                        # addressing it here to make sure IncompleteRead is
+                        # raised during streaming, so all calls with incorrect
+                        # Content-Length are caught.
+                        raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
+
+        if data:
+            self._fp_bytes_read += len(data)
+            if self.length_remaining is not None:
+                self.length_remaining -= len(data)
+
+            data = self._decode(data, decode_content, flush_decoder)
+
+            if cache_content:
+                self._body = data
+
+        return data
+
+    def stream(self, amt=2 ** 16, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        A generator wrapper for the read() method. A call will block until
+        ``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. The generator will return up to
+            much data per iteration, but may return less. This is particularly
+            likely when using compressed data. However, the empty string will
+            never be returned.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        if self.chunked and self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):
+                yield line
+        else:
+            while not is_fp_closed(self._fp):
+                data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
+
+                if data:
+                    yield data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):
+        """
+        Given an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a
+        corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` object.
+
+        Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along
+        with ``original_response=r``.
+        """
+        headers = r.msg
+
+        if not isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            if six.PY2:
+                # Python 2.7
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict.from_httplib(headers)
+            else:
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers.items())
+
+        # HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
+        strict = getattr(r, "strict", 0)
+        resp = ResponseCls(
+            body=r,
+            headers=headers,
+            status=r.status,
+            version=r.version,
+            reason=r.reason,
+            strict=strict,
+            original_response=r,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+        return resp
+
+    # Backwards-compatibility methods for http.client.HTTPResponse
+    def getheaders(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheaders() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead access HTTPResponse.headers directly.",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers
+
+    def getheader(self, name, default=None):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheader() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use HTTPResponse.headers.get(name, default).",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers.get(name, default)
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+    # Overrides from io.IOBase
+    def close(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            self._fp.close()
+
+        if self._connection:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            io.IOBase.close(self)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            return io.IOBase.closed.__get__(self)
+        elif self._fp is None:
+            return True
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "isclosed"):
+            return self._fp.isclosed()
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "closed"):
+            return self._fp.closed
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        if self._fp is None:
+            raise IOError("HTTPResponse has no file to get a fileno from")
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "fileno"):
+            return self._fp.fileno()
+        else:
+            raise IOError(
+                "The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
+                "around has no file descriptor"
+            )
+
+    def flush(self):
+        if (
+            self._fp is not None
+            and hasattr(self._fp, "flush")
+            and not getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+        ):
+            return self._fp.flush()
+
+    def readable(self):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        temp = self.read(len(b))
+        if len(temp) == 0:
+            return 0
+        else:
+            b[: len(temp)] = temp
+            return len(temp)
+
+    def supports_chunked_reads(self):
+        """
+        Checks if the underlying file-like object looks like a
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` object. We do this by testing for
+        the fp attribute. If it is present we assume it returns raw chunks as
+        processed by read_chunked().
+        """
+        return hasattr(self._fp, "fp")
+
+    def _update_chunk_length(self):
+        # First, we'll figure out length of a chunk and then
+        # we'll try to read it from socket.
+        if self.chunk_left is not None:
+            return
+        line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+        line = line.split(b";", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            # Invalid chunked protocol response, abort.
+            self.close()
+            raise InvalidChunkLength(self, line)
+
+    def _handle_chunk(self, amt):
+        returned_chunk = None
+        if amt is None:
+            chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            returned_chunk = chunk
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        elif amt < self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self.chunk_left = self.chunk_left - amt
+            returned_chunk = value
+        elif amt == self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+            returned_chunk = value
+        else:  # amt > self.chunk_left
+            returned_chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        return returned_chunk
+
+    def read_chunked(self, amt=None, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`HTTPResponse.read`, but with an additional
+        parameter: ``decode_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        # FIXME: Rewrite this method and make it a class with a better structured logic.
+        if not self.chunked:
+            raise ResponseNotChunked(
+                "Response is not chunked. "
+                "Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing."
+            )
+        if not self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            raise BodyNotHttplibCompatible(
+                "Body should be http.client.HTTPResponse like. "
+                "It should have have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks."
+            )
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            # Don't bother reading the body of a HEAD request.
+            if self._original_response and is_response_to_head(self._original_response):
+                self._original_response.close()
+                return
+
+            # If a response is already read and closed
+            # then return immediately.
+            if self._fp.fp is None:
+                return
+
+            while True:
+                self._update_chunk_length()
+                if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                    break
+                chunk = self._handle_chunk(amt)
+                decoded = self._decode(
+                    chunk, decode_content=decode_content, flush_decoder=False
+                )
+                if decoded:
+                    yield decoded
+
+            if decode_content:
+                # On CPython and PyPy, we should never need to flush the
+                # decoder. However, on Jython we *might* need to, so
+                # lets defensively do it anyway.
+                decoded = self._flush_decoder()
+                if decoded:  # Platform-specific: Jython.
+                    yield decoded
+
+            # Chunk content ends with \r\n: discard it.
+            while True:
+                line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    # Some sites may not end with '\r\n'.
+                    break
+                if line == b"\r\n":
+                    break
+
+            # We read everything; close the "file".
+            if self._original_response:
+                self._original_response.close()
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        """
+        Returns the URL that was the source of this response.
+        If the request that generated this response redirected, this method
+        will return the final redirect location.
+        """
+        if self.retries is not None and len(self.retries.history):
+            return self.retries.history[-1].redirect_location
+        else:
+            return self._request_url
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        buffer = []
+        for chunk in self.stream(decode_content=True):
+            if b"\n" in chunk:
+                chunk = chunk.split(b"\n")
+                yield b"".join(buffer) + chunk[0] + b"\n"
+                for x in chunk[1:-1]:
+                    yield x + b"\n"
+                if chunk[-1]:
+                    buffer = [chunk[-1]]
+                else:
+                    buffer = []
+            else:
+                buffer.append(chunk)
+        if buffer:
+            yield b"".join(buffer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4547fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# For backwards compatibility, provide imports that used to be here.
+from .connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .request import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, make_headers
+from .response import is_fp_closed
+from .retry import Retry
+from .ssl_ import (
+    ALPN_PROTOCOLS,
+    HAS_SNI,
+    IS_PYOPENSSL,
+    IS_SECURETRANSPORT,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS,
+    SSLContext,
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .timeout import Timeout, current_time
+from .url import Url, get_host, parse_url, split_first
+from .wait import wait_for_read, wait_for_write
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HAS_SNI",
+    "IS_PYOPENSSL",
+    "IS_SECURETRANSPORT",
+    "SSLContext",
+    "PROTOCOL_TLS",
+    "ALPN_PROTOCOLS",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "Url",
+    "assert_fingerprint",
+    "current_time",
+    "is_connection_dropped",
+    "is_fp_closed",
+    "get_host",
+    "parse_url",
+    "make_headers",
+    "resolve_cert_reqs",
+    "resolve_ssl_version",
+    "split_first",
+    "ssl_wrap_socket",
+    "wait_for_read",
+    "wait_for_write",
+    "SKIP_HEADER",
+    "SKIPPABLE_HEADERS",
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6af1138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import socket
+
+from ..contrib import _appengine_environ
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+from .wait import NoWayToWaitForSocketError, wait_for_read
+
+
+def is_connection_dropped(conn):  # Platform-specific
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
+
+    :param conn:
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` object.
+
+    Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
+    let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
+    """
+    sock = getattr(conn, "sock", False)
+    if sock is False:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+    if sock is None:  # Connection already closed (such as by httplib).
+        return True
+    try:
+        # Returns True if readable, which here means it's been dropped
+        return wait_for_read(sock, timeout=0.0)
+    except NoWayToWaitForSocketError:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+
+
+# This function is copied from socket.py in the Python 2.7 standard
+# library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
+# One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
+# discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
+def create_connection(
+    address,
+    timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address=None,
+    socket_options=None,
+):
+    """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
+    err = None
+
+    # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
+    # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
+    # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
+    family = allowed_gai_family()
+
+    try:
+        host.encode("idna")
+    except UnicodeError:
+        return six.raise_from(
+            LocationParseError(u"'%s', label empty or too long" % host), None
+        )
+
+    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+
+            # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
+            _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+
+            if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+
+        except socket.error as e:
+            err = e
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+                sock = None
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+
+    raise socket.error("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+
+def _set_socket_options(sock, options):
+    if options is None:
+        return
+
+    for opt in options:
+        sock.setsockopt(*opt)
+
+
+def allowed_gai_family():
+    """This function is designed to work in the context of
+    getaddrinfo, where family=socket.AF_UNSPEC is the default and
+    will perform a DNS search for both IPv6 and IPv4 records."""
+
+    family = socket.AF_INET
+    if HAS_IPV6:
+        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    return family
+
+
+def _has_ipv6(host):
+    """Returns True if the system can bind an IPv6 address."""
+    sock = None
+    has_ipv6 = False
+
+    # App Engine doesn't support IPV6 sockets and actually has a quota on the
+    # number of sockets that can be used, so just early out here instead of
+    # creating a socket needlessly.
+    # See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1446
+    if _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox():
+        return False
+
+    if socket.has_ipv6:
+        # has_ipv6 returns true if cPython was compiled with IPv6 support.
+        # It does not tell us if the system has IPv6 support enabled. To
+        # determine that we must bind to an IPv6 address.
+        # https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/611
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue658327
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+            sock.bind((host, 0))
+            has_ipv6 = True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if sock:
+        sock.close()
+    return has_ipv6
+
+
+HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2199cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from .ssl_ import create_urllib3_context, resolve_cert_reqs, resolve_ssl_version
+
+
+def connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+    proxy_url=None, proxy_config=None, destination_scheme=None
+):
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection requires an HTTP CONNECT through the proxy.
+
+    :param URL proxy_url:
+        URL of the proxy.
+    :param ProxyConfig proxy_config:
+        Proxy configuration from poolmanager.py
+    :param str destination_scheme:
+        The scheme of the destination. (i.e https, http, etc)
+    """
+    # If we're not using a proxy, no way to use a tunnel.
+    if proxy_url is None:
+        return False
+
+    # HTTP destinations never require tunneling, we always forward.
+    if destination_scheme == "http":
+        return False
+
+    # Support for forwarding with HTTPS proxies and HTTPS destinations.
+    if (
+        proxy_url.scheme == "https"
+        and proxy_config
+        and proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    # Otherwise always use a tunnel.
+    return True
+
+
+def create_proxy_ssl_context(
+    ssl_version, cert_reqs, ca_certs=None, ca_cert_dir=None, ca_cert_data=None
+):
+    """
+    Generates a default proxy ssl context if one hasn't been provided by the
+    user.
+    """
+    ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+        ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(ssl_version),
+        cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(cert_reqs),
+    )
+
+    if (
+        not ca_certs
+        and not ca_cert_dir
+        and not ca_cert_data
+        and hasattr(ssl_context, "load_default_certs")
+    ):
+        ssl_context.load_default_certs()
+
+    return ssl_context
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4178410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import collections
+
+from ..packages import six
+from ..packages.six.moves import queue
+
+if six.PY2:
+    # Queue is imported for side effects on MS Windows. See issue #229.
+    import Queue as _unused_module_Queue  # noqa: F401
+
+
+class LifoQueue(queue.Queue):
+    def _init(self, _):
+        self.queue = collections.deque()
+
+    def _qsize(self, len=len):
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+    def _put(self, item):
+        self.queue.append(item)
+
+    def _get(self):
+        return self.queue.pop()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..330766e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ..exceptions import UnrewindableBodyError
+from ..packages.six import b, integer_types
+
+# Pass as a value within ``headers`` to skip
+# emitting some HTTP headers that are added automatically.
+# The only headers that are supported are ``Accept-Encoding``,
+# ``Host``, and ``User-Agent``.
+SKIP_HEADER = "@@@SKIP_HEADER@@@"
+SKIPPABLE_HEADERS = frozenset(["accept-encoding", "host", "user-agent"])
+
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = "gzip,deflate"
+
+_FAILEDTELL = object()
+
+
+def make_headers(
+    keep_alive=None,
+    accept_encoding=None,
+    user_agent=None,
+    basic_auth=None,
+    proxy_basic_auth=None,
+    disable_cache=None,
+):
+    """
+    Shortcuts for generating request headers.
+
+    :param keep_alive:
+        If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
+
+    :param accept_encoding:
+        Can be a boolean, list, or string.
+        ``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
+        List will get joined by comma.
+        String will be used as provided.
+
+    :param user_agent:
+        String representing the user-agent you want, such as
+        "python-urllib3/0.6"
+
+    :param basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param proxy_basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param disable_cache:
+        If ``True``, adds 'cache-control: no-cache' header.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
+        {'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
+        >>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
+        {'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
+    """
+    headers = {}
+    if accept_encoding:
+        if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
+            accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
+        else:
+            accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
+        headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding
+
+    if user_agent:
+        headers["user-agent"] = user_agent
+
+    if keep_alive:
+        headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"
+
+    if basic_auth:
+        headers["authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if proxy_basic_auth:
+        headers["proxy-authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(
+            b(proxy_basic_auth)
+        ).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if disable_cache:
+        headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def set_file_position(body, pos):
+    """
+    If a position is provided, move file to that point.
+    Otherwise, we'll attempt to record a position for future use.
+    """
+    if pos is not None:
+        rewind_body(body, pos)
+    elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+        try:
+            pos = body.tell()
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+            # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body.
+            pos = _FAILEDTELL
+
+    return pos
+
+
+def rewind_body(body, body_pos):
+    """
+    Attempt to rewind body to a certain position.
+    Primarily used for request redirects and retries.
+
+    :param body:
+        File-like object that supports seek.
+
+    :param int pos:
+        Position to seek to in file.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, integer_types):
+        try:
+            body_seek(body_pos)
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect/retry."
+            )
+    elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+            "Unable to record file position for rewinding "
+            "request body during a redirect/retry."
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "body_pos must be of type integer, instead it was %s." % type(body_pos)
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ea609c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from email.errors import MultipartInvariantViolationDefect, StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect
+
+from ..exceptions import HeaderParsingError
+from ..packages.six.moves import http_client as httplib
+
+
+def is_fp_closed(obj):
+    """
+    Checks whether a given file-like object is closed.
+
+    :param obj:
+        The file-like object to check.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        # Check `isclosed()` first, in case Python3 doesn't set `closed`.
+        # GH Issue #928
+        return obj.isclosed()
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check via the official file-like-object way.
+        return obj.closed
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check if the object is a container for another file-like object that
+        # gets released on exhaustion (e.g. HTTPResponse).
+        return obj.fp is None
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    raise ValueError("Unable to determine whether fp is closed.")
+
+
+def assert_header_parsing(headers):
+    """
+    Asserts whether all headers have been successfully parsed.
+    Extracts encountered errors from the result of parsing headers.
+
+    Only works on Python 3.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPMessage headers: Headers to verify.
+
+    :raises urllib3.exceptions.HeaderParsingError:
+        If parsing errors are found.
+    """
+
+    # This will fail silently if we pass in the wrong kind of parameter.
+    # To make debugging easier add an explicit check.
+    if not isinstance(headers, httplib.HTTPMessage):
+        raise TypeError("expected httplib.Message, got {0}.".format(type(headers)))
+
+    defects = getattr(headers, "defects", None)
+    get_payload = getattr(headers, "get_payload", None)
+
+    unparsed_data = None
+    if get_payload:
+        # get_payload is actually email.message.Message.get_payload;
+        # we're only interested in the result if it's not a multipart message
+        if not headers.is_multipart():
+            payload = get_payload()
+
+            if isinstance(payload, (bytes, str)):
+                unparsed_data = payload
+    if defects:
+        # httplib is assuming a response body is available
+        # when parsing headers even when httplib only sends
+        # header data to parse_headers() This results in
+        # defects on multipart responses in particular.
+        # See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/800
+
+        # So we ignore the following defects:
+        # - StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect:
+        #     The claimed start boundary was never found.
+        # - MultipartInvariantViolationDefect:
+        #     A message claimed to be a multipart but no subparts were found.
+        defects = [
+            defect
+            for defect in defects
+            if not isinstance(
+                defect, (StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect, MultipartInvariantViolationDefect)
+            )
+        ]
+
+    if defects or unparsed_data:
+        raise HeaderParsingError(defects=defects, unparsed_data=unparsed_data)
+
+
+def is_response_to_head(response):
+    """
+    Checks whether the request of a response has been a HEAD-request.
+    Handles the quirks of AppEngine.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPResponse response:
+        Response to check if the originating request
+        used 'HEAD' as a method.
+    """
+    # FIXME: Can we do this somehow without accessing private httplib _method?
+    method = response._method
+    if isinstance(method, int):  # Platform-specific: Appengine
+        return method == 3
+    return method.upper() == "HEAD"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60ef6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+import warnings
+from collections import namedtuple
+from itertools import takewhile
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
+RequestHistory = namedtuple(
+    "RequestHistory", ["method", "url", "error", "status", "redirect_location"]
+)
+
+
+# TODO: In v2 we can remove this sentinel and metaclass with deprecated options.
+_Default = object()
+
+
+class _RetryMeta(type):
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+
+    @DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = value
+
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+    @DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = value
+
+    @property
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX
+
+    @BACKOFF_MAX.setter
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = value
+
+
+@six.add_metaclass(_RetryMeta)
+class Retry(object):
+    """Retry configuration.
+
+    Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object with updated values, so
+    they can be safely reused.
+
+    Retries can be defined as a default for a pool::
+
+        retries = Retry(connect=5, read=2, redirect=5)
+        http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool)::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=Retry(10))
+
+    Retries can be disabled by passing ``False``::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=False)
+
+    Errors will be wrapped in :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
+    retries are disabled, in which case the causing exception will be raised.
+
+    :param int total:
+        Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
+
+        Set to ``None`` to remove this constraint and fall back on other
+        counts.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int connect:
+        How many connection-related errors to retry on.
+
+        These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server,
+        which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int read:
+        How many times to retry on read errors.
+
+        These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request may have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int redirect:
+        How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
+        loops.
+
+        A redirect is a HTTP response with a status code 301, 302, 303, 307 or
+        308.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int status:
+        How many times to retry on bad status codes.
+
+        These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
+        ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int other:
+        How many times to retry on other errors.
+
+        Other errors are errors that are not connect, read, redirect or status errors.
+        These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request might have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        If ``total`` is not set, it's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
+        for unexpected edge cases and avoid infinite retry loops.
+
+    :param iterable allowed_methods:
+        Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
+
+        By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
+        idempotent (multiple requests with the same parameters end with the
+        same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
+
+        Set to a ``False`` value to retry on any verb.
+
+        .. warning::
+
+            Previously this parameter was named ``method_whitelist``, that
+            usage is deprecated in v1.26.0 and will be removed in v2.0.
+
+    :param iterable status_forcelist:
+        A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
+        A retry is initiated if the request method is in ``allowed_methods``
+        and the response status code is in ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        By default, this is disabled with ``None``.
+
+    :param float backoff_factor:
+        A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try
+        (most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a
+        delay). urllib3 will sleep for::
+
+            {backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of total retries} - 1))
+
+        seconds. If the backoff_factor is 0.1, then :func:`.sleep` will sleep
+        for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, ...] between retries. It will never be longer
+        than :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX`.
+
+        By default, backoff is disabled (set to 0).
+
+    :param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether, if the number of redirects is
+        exhausted, to raise a MaxRetryError, or to return a response with a
+        response code in the 3xx range.
+
+    :param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
+        whether we should raise an exception, or return a response,
+        if status falls in ``status_forcelist`` range and retries have
+        been exhausted.
+
+    :param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
+        each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list is in the order
+        the requests occurred. Each list item is of class :class:`RequestHistory`.
+
+    :param bool respect_retry_after_header:
+        Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined as
+        :attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES` or not.
+
+    :param iterable remove_headers_on_redirect:
+        Sequence of headers to remove from the request when a response
+        indicating a redirect is returned before firing off the redirected
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
+    DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
+        ["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
+    )
+
+    #: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
+    RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
+
+    #: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
+    DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(["Cookie", "Authorization"])
+
+    #: Maximum backoff time.
+    DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = 120
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total=10,
+        connect=None,
+        read=None,
+        redirect=None,
+        status=None,
+        other=None,
+        allowed_methods=_Default,
+        status_forcelist=None,
+        backoff_factor=0,
+        raise_on_redirect=True,
+        raise_on_status=True,
+        history=None,
+        respect_retry_after_header=True,
+        remove_headers_on_redirect=_Default,
+        # TODO: Deprecated, remove in v2.0
+        method_whitelist=_Default,
+    ):
+
+        if method_whitelist is not _Default:
+            if allowed_methods is not _Default:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Using both 'allowed_methods' and "
+                    "'method_whitelist' together is not allowed. "
+                    "Instead only use 'allowed_methods'"
+                )
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = method_whitelist
+        if allowed_methods is _Default:
+            allowed_methods = self.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+        if remove_headers_on_redirect is _Default:
+            remove_headers_on_redirect = self.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+        self.total = total
+        self.connect = connect
+        self.read = read
+        self.status = status
+        self.other = other
+
+        if redirect is False or total is False:
+            redirect = 0
+            raise_on_redirect = False
+
+        self.redirect = redirect
+        self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist or set()
+        self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
+        self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
+        self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
+        self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
+        self.history = history or tuple()
+        self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
+        self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
+            [h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect]
+        )
+
+    def new(self, **kw):
+        params = dict(
+            total=self.total,
+            connect=self.connect,
+            read=self.read,
+            redirect=self.redirect,
+            status=self.status,
+            other=self.other,
+            status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
+            backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
+            raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
+            raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
+            history=self.history,
+            remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
+            respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: If already given in **kw we use what's given to us
+        # If not given we need to figure out what to pass. We decide
+        # based on whether our class has the 'method_whitelist' property
+        # and if so we pass the deprecated 'method_whitelist' otherwise
+        # we use 'allowed_methods'. Remove in v2.0
+        if "method_whitelist" not in kw and "allowed_methods" not in kw:
+            if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                    "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                    DeprecationWarning,
+                )
+                params["method_whitelist"] = self.allowed_methods
+            else:
+                params["allowed_methods"] = self.allowed_methods
+
+        params.update(kw)
+        return type(self)(**params)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_int(cls, retries, redirect=True, default=None):
+        """Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = default if default is not None else cls.DEFAULT
+
+        if isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            return retries
+
+        redirect = bool(redirect) and None
+        new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
+        log.debug("Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
+        return new_retries
+
+    def get_backoff_time(self):
+        """Formula for computing the current backoff
+
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        # We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
+        consecutive_errors_len = len(
+            list(
+                takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
+            )
+        )
+        if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
+            return 0
+
+        backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (2 ** (consecutive_errors_len - 1))
+        return min(self.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX, backoff_value)
+
+    def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after):
+        # Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
+        if re.match(r"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
+            seconds = int(retry_after)
+        else:
+            retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple is None:
+                raise InvalidHeader("Invalid Retry-After header: %s" % retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple[9] is None:  # Python 2
+                # Assume UTC if no timezone was specified
+                # On Python2.7, parsedate_tz returns None for a timezone offset
+                # instead of 0 if no timezone is given, where mktime_tz treats
+                # a None timezone offset as local time.
+                retry_date_tuple = retry_date_tuple[:9] + (0,) + retry_date_tuple[10:]
+
+            retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
+            seconds = retry_date - time.time()
+
+        if seconds < 0:
+            seconds = 0
+
+        return seconds
+
+    def get_retry_after(self, response):
+        """Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
+
+        retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
+
+        if retry_after is None:
+            return None
+
+        return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
+
+    def sleep_for_retry(self, response=None):
+        retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
+        if retry_after:
+            time.sleep(retry_after)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _sleep_backoff(self):
+        backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
+        if backoff <= 0:
+            return
+        time.sleep(backoff)
+
+    def sleep(self, response=None):
+        """Sleep between retry attempts.
+
+        This method will respect a server's ``Retry-After`` response header
+        and sleep the duration of the time requested. If that is not present, it
+        will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor is 0 and
+        this method will return immediately.
+        """
+
+        if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
+            slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            if slept:
+                return
+
+        self._sleep_backoff()
+
+    def _is_connection_error(self, err):
+        """Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
+        request, so it should be safe to retry.
+        """
+        if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
+            err = err.original_error
+        return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
+
+    def _is_read_error(self, err):
+        """Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
+        assume that the server began processing it.
+        """
+        return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
+
+    def _is_method_retryable(self, method):
+        """Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
+        it is included in the allowed_methods
+        """
+        # TODO: For now favor if the Retry implementation sets its own method_whitelist
+        # property outside of our constructor to avoid breaking custom implementations.
+        if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = self.method_whitelist
+        else:
+            allowed_methods = self.allowed_methods
+
+        if allowed_methods and method.upper() not in allowed_methods:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_retry(self, method, status_code, has_retry_after=False):
+        """Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
+        variables such as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
+        respect the Retry-After header, whether this header is present, and
+        whether the returned status code is on the list of status codes to
+        be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
+        """
+        if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+            return False
+
+        if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
+            return True
+
+        return (
+            self.total
+            and self.respect_retry_after_header
+            and has_retry_after
+            and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
+        )
+
+    def is_exhausted(self):
+        """Are we out of retries?"""
+        retry_counts = (
+            self.total,
+            self.connect,
+            self.read,
+            self.redirect,
+            self.status,
+            self.other,
+        )
+        retry_counts = list(filter(None, retry_counts))
+        if not retry_counts:
+            return False
+
+        return min(retry_counts) < 0
+
+    def increment(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        response=None,
+        error=None,
+        _pool=None,
+        _stacktrace=None,
+    ):
+        """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
+
+        :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
+            return a response.
+        :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.HTTPResponse`
+        :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
+            None if the response was received successfully.
+
+        :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
+        """
+        if self.total is False and error:
+            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
+            raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+
+        total = self.total
+        if total is not None:
+            total -= 1
+
+        connect = self.connect
+        read = self.read
+        redirect = self.redirect
+        status_count = self.status
+        other = self.other
+        cause = "unknown"
+        status = None
+        redirect_location = None
+
+        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
+            # Connect retry?
+            if connect is False:
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif connect is not None:
+                connect -= 1
+
+        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
+            # Read retry?
+            if read is False or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif read is not None:
+                read -= 1
+
+        elif error:
+            # Other retry?
+            if other is not None:
+                other -= 1
+
+        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
+            # Redirect retry?
+            if redirect is not None:
+                redirect -= 1
+            cause = "too many redirects"
+            redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
+            status = response.status
+
+        else:
+            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
+            # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
+            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
+            if response and response.status:
+                if status_count is not None:
+                    status_count -= 1
+                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
+                status = response.status
+
+        history = self.history + (
+            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
+        )
+
+        new_retry = self.new(
+            total=total,
+            connect=connect,
+            read=read,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            status=status_count,
+            other=other,
+            history=history,
+        )
+
+        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
+            raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
+
+        log.debug("Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
+
+        return new_retry
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "{cls.__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
+            "read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
+        ).format(cls=type(self), self=self)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item == "method_whitelist":
+            # TODO: Remove this deprecated alias in v2.0
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            return self.allowed_methods
+        try:
+            return getattr(super(Retry, self), item)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return getattr(Retry, item)
+
+
+# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
+Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(3)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b45d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import hmac
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
+from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InsecurePlatformWarning,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    SNIMissingWarning,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+from .url import BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE, IPV4_RE
+
+SSLContext = None
+SSLTransport = None
+HAS_SNI = False
+IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+ALPN_PROTOCOLS = ["http/1.1"]
+
+# Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing this digest
+HASHFUNC_MAP = {32: md5, 40: sha1, 64: sha256}
+
+
+def _const_compare_digest_backport(a, b):
+    """
+    Compare two digests of equal length in constant time.
+
+    The digests must be of type str/bytes.
+    Returns True if the digests match, and False otherwise.
+    """
+    result = abs(len(a) - len(b))
+    for left, right in zip(bytearray(a), bytearray(b)):
+        result |= left ^ right
+    return result == 0
+
+
+_const_compare_digest = getattr(hmac, "compare_digest", _const_compare_digest_backport)
+
+try:  # Test for SSL features
+    import ssl
+    from ssl import CERT_REQUIRED, wrap_socket
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI  # Has SNI?
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from .ssltransport import SSLTransport
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3.6
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv23 as PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+    except ImportError:
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS = 2
+
+try:
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+except ImportError:
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT = PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+
+try:
+    from ssl import OP_NO_COMPRESSION, OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x1000000, 0x2000000
+    OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000
+
+
+try:  # OP_NO_TICKET was added in Python 3.6
+    from ssl import OP_NO_TICKET
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_TICKET = 0x4000
+
+
+# A secure default.
+# Sources for more information on TLS ciphers:
+#
+# - https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
+# - https://www.ssllabs.com/projects/best-practices/index.html
+# - https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/
+#
+# The general intent is:
+# - prefer cipher suites that offer perfect forward secrecy (DHE/ECDHE),
+# - prefer ECDHE over DHE for better performance,
+# - prefer any AES-GCM and ChaCha20 over any AES-CBC for better performance and
+#   security,
+# - prefer AES-GCM over ChaCha20 because hardware-accelerated AES is common,
+# - disable NULL authentication, MD5 MACs, DSS, and other
+#   insecure ciphers for security reasons.
+# - NOTE: TLS 1.3 cipher suites are managed through a different interface
+#   not exposed by CPython (yet!) and are enabled by default if they're available.
+DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ":".join(
+    [
+        "ECDHE+AESGCM",
+        "ECDHE+CHACHA20",
+        "DHE+AESGCM",
+        "DHE+CHACHA20",
+        "ECDH+AESGCM",
+        "DH+AESGCM",
+        "ECDH+AES",
+        "DH+AES",
+        "RSA+AESGCM",
+        "RSA+AES",
+        "!aNULL",
+        "!eNULL",
+        "!MD5",
+        "!DSS",
+    ]
+)
+
+try:
+    from ssl import SSLContext  # Modern SSL?
+except ImportError:
+
+    class SSLContext(object):  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+        def __init__(self, protocol_version):
+            self.protocol = protocol_version
+            # Use default values from a real SSLContext
+            self.check_hostname = False
+            self.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+            self.ca_certs = None
+            self.options = 0
+            self.certfile = None
+            self.keyfile = None
+            self.ciphers = None
+
+        def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile):
+            self.certfile = certfile
+            self.keyfile = keyfile
+
+        def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+            self.ca_certs = cafile
+
+            if capath is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA directories not supported in older Pythons")
+
+            if cadata is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA data not supported in older Pythons")
+
+        def set_ciphers(self, cipher_suite):
+            self.ciphers = cipher_suite
+
+        def wrap_socket(self, socket, server_hostname=None, server_side=False):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents "
+                "urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause "
+                "certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer "
+                "version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+                "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                "#ssl-warnings",
+                InsecurePlatformWarning,
+            )
+            kwargs = {
+                "keyfile": self.keyfile,
+                "certfile": self.certfile,
+                "ca_certs": self.ca_certs,
+                "cert_reqs": self.verify_mode,
+                "ssl_version": self.protocol,
+                "server_side": server_side,
+            }
+            return wrap_socket(socket, ciphers=self.ciphers, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
+    """
+    Checks if given fingerprint matches the supplied certificate.
+
+    :param cert:
+        Certificate as bytes object.
+    :param fingerprint:
+        Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
+    """
+
+    fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(":", "").lower()
+    digest_length = len(fingerprint)
+    hashfunc = HASHFUNC_MAP.get(digest_length)
+    if not hashfunc:
+        raise SSLError("Fingerprint of invalid length: {0}".format(fingerprint))
+
+    # We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
+    fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
+
+    cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
+
+    if not _const_compare_digest(cert_digest, fingerprint_bytes):
+        raise SSLError(
+            'Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'.format(
+                fingerprint, hexlify(cert_digest)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
+    """
+    Resolves the argument to a numeric constant, which can be passed to
+    the wrap_socket function/method from the ssl module.
+    Defaults to :data:`ssl.CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If given a string it is assumed to be the name of the constant in the
+    :mod:`ssl` module or its abbreviation.
+    (So you can specify `REQUIRED` instead of `CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If it's neither `None` nor a string we assume it is already the numeric
+    constant which can directly be passed to wrap_socket.
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return CERT_REQUIRED
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "CERT_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def resolve_ssl_version(candidate):
+    """
+    like resolve_cert_reqs
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def create_urllib3_context(
+    ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None, options=None, ciphers=None
+):
+    """All arguments have the same meaning as ``ssl_wrap_socket``.
+
+    By default, this function does a lot of the same work that
+    ``ssl.create_default_context`` does on Python 3.4+. It:
+
+    - Disables SSLv2, SSLv3, and compression
+    - Sets a restricted set of server ciphers
+
+    If you wish to enable SSLv3, you can do::
+
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import ssl_
+        context = ssl_.create_urllib3_context()
+        context.options &= ~ssl_.OP_NO_SSLv3
+
+    You can do the same to enable compression (substituting ``COMPRESSION``
+    for ``SSLv3`` in the last line above).
+
+    :param ssl_version:
+        The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+        the server and your installation of OpenSSL support.
+    :param cert_reqs:
+        Whether to require the certificate verification. This defaults to
+        ``ssl.CERT_REQUIRED``.
+    :param options:
+        Specific OpenSSL options. These default to ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2``,
+        ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3``, ``ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION``, and ``ssl.OP_NO_TICKET``.
+    :param ciphers:
+        Which cipher suites to allow the server to select.
+    :returns:
+        Constructed SSLContext object with specified options
+    :rtype: SSLContext
+    """
+    # PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated in Python 3.10
+    if not ssl_version or ssl_version == PROTOCOL_TLS:
+        ssl_version = PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+    context = SSLContext(ssl_version)
+
+    context.set_ciphers(ciphers or DEFAULT_CIPHERS)
+
+    # Setting the default here, as we may have no ssl module on import
+    cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if cert_reqs is None else cert_reqs
+
+    if options is None:
+        options = 0
+        # SSLv2 is easily broken and is considered harmful and dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv2
+        # SSLv3 has several problems and is now dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv3
+        # Disable compression to prevent CRIME attacks for OpenSSL 1.0+
+        # (issue #309)
+        options |= OP_NO_COMPRESSION
+        # TLSv1.2 only. Unless set explicitly, do not request tickets.
+        # This may save some bandwidth on wire, and although the ticket is encrypted,
+        # there is a risk associated with it being on wire,
+        # if the server is not rotating its ticketing keys properly.
+        options |= OP_NO_TICKET
+
+    context.options |= options
+
+    # Enable post-handshake authentication for TLS 1.3, see GH #1634. PHA is
+    # necessary for conditional client cert authentication with TLS 1.3.
+    # The attribute is None for OpenSSL <= 1.1.0 or does not exist in older
+    # versions of Python.  We only enable on Python 3.7.4+ or if certificate
+    # verification is enabled to work around Python issue #37428
+    # See: https://bugs.python.org/issue37428
+    if (cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED or sys.version_info >= (3, 7, 4)) and getattr(
+        context, "post_handshake_auth", None
+    ) is not None:
+        context.post_handshake_auth = True
+
+    def disable_check_hostname():
+        if (
+            getattr(context, "check_hostname", None) is not None
+        ):  # Platform-specific: Python 3.2
+            # We do our own verification, including fingerprints and alternative
+            # hostnames. So disable it here
+            context.check_hostname = False
+
+    # The order of the below lines setting verify_mode and check_hostname
+    # matter due to safe-guards SSLContext has to prevent an SSLContext with
+    # check_hostname=True, verify_mode=NONE/OPTIONAL. This is made even more
+    # complex because we don't know whether PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT will be used
+    # or not so we don't know the initial state of the freshly created SSLContext.
+    if cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED:
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+        disable_check_hostname()
+    else:
+        disable_check_hostname()
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+
+    # Enable logging of TLS session keys via defacto standard environment variable
+    # 'SSLKEYLOGFILE', if the feature is available (Python 3.8+). Skip empty values.
+    if hasattr(context, "keylog_filename"):
+        sslkeylogfile = os.environ.get("SSLKEYLOGFILE")
+        if sslkeylogfile:
+            context.keylog_filename = sslkeylogfile
+
+    return context
+
+
+def ssl_wrap_socket(
+    sock,
+    keyfile=None,
+    certfile=None,
+    cert_reqs=None,
+    ca_certs=None,
+    server_hostname=None,
+    ssl_version=None,
+    ciphers=None,
+    ssl_context=None,
+    ca_cert_dir=None,
+    key_password=None,
+    ca_cert_data=None,
+    tls_in_tls=False,
+):
+    """
+    All arguments except for server_hostname, ssl_context, and ca_cert_dir have
+    the same meaning as they do when using :func:`ssl.wrap_socket`.
+
+    :param server_hostname:
+        When SNI is supported, the expected hostname of the certificate
+    :param ssl_context:
+        A pre-made :class:`SSLContext` object. If none is provided, one will
+        be created using :func:`create_urllib3_context`.
+    :param ciphers:
+        A string of ciphers we wish the client to support.
+    :param ca_cert_dir:
+        A directory containing CA certificates in multiple separate files, as
+        supported by OpenSSL's -CApath flag or the capath argument to
+        SSLContext.load_verify_locations().
+    :param key_password:
+        Optional password if the keyfile is encrypted.
+    :param ca_cert_data:
+        Optional string containing CA certificates in PEM format suitable for
+        passing as the cadata parameter to SSLContext.load_verify_locations()
+    :param tls_in_tls:
+        Use SSLTransport to wrap the existing socket.
+    """
+    context = ssl_context
+    if context is None:
+        # Note: This branch of code and all the variables in it are no longer
+        # used by urllib3 itself. We should consider deprecating and removing
+        # this code.
+        context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs, ciphers=ciphers)
+
+    if ca_certs or ca_cert_dir or ca_cert_data:
+        try:
+            context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs, ca_cert_dir, ca_cert_data)
+        except (IOError, OSError) as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+    elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs"):
+        # try to load OS default certs; works well on Windows (require Python3.4+)
+        context.load_default_certs()
+
+    # Attempt to detect if we get the goofy behavior of the
+    # keyfile being encrypted and OpenSSL asking for the
+    # passphrase via the terminal and instead error out.
+    if keyfile and key_password is None and _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
+        raise SSLError("Client private key is encrypted, password is required")
+
+    if certfile:
+        if key_password is None:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        else:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, key_password)
+
+    try:
+        if hasattr(context, "set_alpn_protocols"):
+            context.set_alpn_protocols(ALPN_PROTOCOLS)
+    except NotImplementedError:  # Defensive: in CI, we always have set_alpn_protocols
+        pass
+
+    # If we detect server_hostname is an IP address then the SNI
+    # extension should not be used according to RFC3546 Section 3.1
+    use_sni_hostname = server_hostname and not is_ipaddress(server_hostname)
+    # SecureTransport uses server_hostname in certificate verification.
+    send_sni = (use_sni_hostname and HAS_SNI) or (
+        IS_SECURETRANSPORT and server_hostname
+    )
+    # Do not warn the user if server_hostname is an invalid SNI hostname.
+    if not HAS_SNI and use_sni_hostname:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name "
+            "Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. "
+            "This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS "
+            "certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to "
+            "a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+            "#ssl-warnings",
+            SNIMissingWarning,
+        )
+
+    if send_sni:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
+            sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+    else:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)
+    return ssl_sock
+
+
+def is_ipaddress(hostname):
+    """Detects whether the hostname given is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+    Also detects IPv6 addresses with Zone IDs.
+
+    :param str hostname: Hostname to examine.
+    :return: True if the hostname is an IP address, False otherwise.
+    """
+    if not six.PY2 and isinstance(hostname, bytes):
+        # IDN A-label bytes are ASCII compatible.
+        hostname = hostname.decode("ascii")
+    return bool(IPV4_RE.match(hostname) or BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(hostname))
+
+
+def _is_key_file_encrypted(key_file):
+    """Detects if a key file is encrypted or not."""
+    with open(key_file, "r") as f:
+        for line in f:
+            # Look for Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+            if "ENCRYPTED" in line:
+                return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=None):
+    if tls_in_tls:
+        if not SSLTransport:
+            # Import error, ssl is not available.
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "TLS in TLS requires support for the 'ssl' module"
+            )
+
+        SSLTransport._validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context)
+        return SSLTransport(sock, ssl_context, server_hostname)
+
+    if server_hostname:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+    else:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd950c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.3.3, essential when using SSL."""
+
+# Note: This file is under the PSF license as the code comes from the python
+# stdlib.   http://docs.python.org/3/license.html
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+# ipaddress has been backported to 2.6+ in pypi.  If it is installed on the
+# system, use it to handle IPAddress ServerAltnames (this was added in
+# python-3.5) otherwise only do DNS matching.  This allows
+# util.ssl_match_hostname to continue to be used in Python 2.7.
+try:
+    import ipaddress
+except ImportError:
+    ipaddress = None
+
+__version__ = "3.5.0.1"
+
+
+class CertificateError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+    """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+    """
+    pats = []
+    if not dn:
+        return False
+
+    # Ported from python3-syntax:
+    # leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
+    parts = dn.split(r".")
+    leftmost = parts[0]
+    remainder = parts[1:]
+
+    wildcards = leftmost.count("*")
+    if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+        # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+        # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+        # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+        # reasonable choice.
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn)
+        )
+
+    # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+    if not wildcards:
+        return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+    # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+    # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+    # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+    if leftmost == "*":
+        # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+        # fragment.
+        pats.append("[^.]+")
+    elif leftmost.startswith("xn--") or hostname.startswith("xn--"):
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+        # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+        # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r"\*", "[^.]*"))
+
+    # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+    for frag in remainder:
+        pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+    pat = re.compile(r"\A" + r"\.".join(pats) + r"\Z", re.IGNORECASE)
+    return pat.match(hostname)
+
+
+def _to_unicode(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info < (3,):
+        # ignored flake8 # F821 to support python 2.7 function
+        obj = unicode(obj, encoding="ascii", errors="strict")  # noqa: F821
+    return obj
+
+
+def _ipaddress_match(ipname, host_ip):
+    """Exact matching of IP addresses.
+
+    RFC 6125 explicitly doesn't define an algorithm for this
+    (section 1.7.2 - "Out of Scope").
+    """
+    # OpenSSL may add a trailing newline to a subjectAltName's IP address
+    # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+    ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(ipname).rstrip())
+    return ip == host_ip
+
+
+def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+    """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+    SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+    rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+    CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+    returns nothing.
+    """
+    if not cert:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+            "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+            "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED"
+        )
+    try:
+        # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+        host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(hostname))
+    except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
+        # ValueError: Not an IP address (common case)
+        # UnicodeError: Divergence from upstream: Have to deal with ipaddress not taking
+        # byte strings.  addresses should be all ascii, so we consider it not
+        # an ipaddress in this case
+        host_ip = None
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Divergence from upstream: Make ipaddress library optional
+        if ipaddress is None:
+            host_ip = None
+        else:  # Defensive
+            raise
+    dnsnames = []
+    san = cert.get("subjectAltName", ())
+    for key, value in san:
+        if key == "DNS":
+            if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+        elif key == "IP Address":
+            if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+    if not dnsnames:
+        # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+        # in subjectAltName
+        for sub in cert.get("subject", ()):
+            for key, value in sub:
+                # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                # must be used.
+                if key == "commonName":
+                    if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                        return
+                    dnsnames.append(value)
+    if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "hostname %r "
+            "doesn't match either of %s" % (hostname, ", ".join(map(repr, dnsnames)))
+        )
+    elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+        raise CertificateError("hostname %r doesn't match %r" % (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+    else:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "no appropriate commonName or subjectAltName fields were found"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7105d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import io
+import socket
+import ssl
+
+from ..exceptions import ProxySchemeUnsupported
+from ..packages import six
+
+SSL_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+
+class SSLTransport:
+    """
+    The SSLTransport wraps an existing socket and establishes an SSL connection.
+
+    Contrary to Python's implementation of SSLSocket, it allows you to chain
+    multiple TLS connections together. It's particularly useful if you need to
+    implement TLS within TLS.
+
+    The class supports most of the socket API operations.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context):
+        """
+        Raises a ProxySchemeUnsupported if the provided ssl_context can't be used
+        for TLS in TLS.
+
+        The only requirement is that the ssl_context provides the 'wrap_bio'
+        methods.
+        """
+
+        if not hasattr(ssl_context, "wrap_bio"):
+            if six.PY2:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "supported on Python 2"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "available on non-native SSLContext"
+                )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, socket, ssl_context, server_hostname=None, suppress_ragged_eofs=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Create an SSLTransport around socket using the provided ssl_context.
+        """
+        self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            self.incoming, self.outgoing, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+
+        # Perform initial handshake.
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
+        self.close()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def read(self, len=1024, buffer=None):
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len, buffer)
+
+    def recv(self, len=1024, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv")
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len)
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into")
+        if buffer and (nbytes is None):
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+        elif nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = 1024
+        return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
+
+    def sendall(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall")
+        count = 0
+        with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
+            amount = len(byte_view)
+            while count < amount:
+                v = self.send(byte_view[count:])
+                count += v
+
+    def send(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send")
+        response = self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.write, data)
+        return response
+
+    def makefile(
+        self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Python's httpclient uses makefile and buffered io when reading HTTP
+        messages and we need to support it.
+
+        This is unfortunately a copy and paste of socket.py makefile with small
+        changes to point to the socket directly.
+        """
+        if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+
+        writing = "w" in mode
+        reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+        assert reading or writing
+        binary = "b" in mode
+        rawmode = ""
+        if reading:
+            rawmode += "r"
+        if writing:
+            rawmode += "w"
+        raw = socket.SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+        self.socket._io_refs += 1
+        if buffering is None:
+            buffering = -1
+        if buffering < 0:
+            buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        if buffering == 0:
+            if not binary:
+                raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+            return raw
+        if reading and writing:
+            buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+        elif reading:
+            buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+        else:
+            assert writing
+            buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+        if binary:
+            return buffer
+        text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+        text.mode = mode
+        return text
+
+    def unwrap(self):
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.unwrap)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        return self.sslobj.getpeercert(binary_form)
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.sslobj.version()
+
+    def cipher(self):
+        return self.sslobj.cipher()
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_alpn_protocol()
+
+    def selected_npn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_npn_protocol()
+
+    def shared_ciphers(self):
+        return self.sslobj.shared_ciphers()
+
+    def compression(self):
+        return self.sslobj.compression()
+
+    def settimeout(self, value):
+        self.socket.settimeout(value)
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self.socket.gettimeout()
+
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        self.socket._decref_socketios()
+
+    def _wrap_ssl_read(self, len, buffer=None):
+        try:
+            return self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.read, len, buffer)
+        except ssl.SSLError as e:
+            if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
+                return 0  # eof, return 0.
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def _ssl_io_loop(self, func, *args):
+        """Performs an I/O loop between incoming/outgoing and the socket."""
+        should_loop = True
+        ret = None
+
+        while should_loop:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
+                    # WANT_READ, and WANT_WRITE are expected, others are not.
+                    raise e
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            buf = self.outgoing.read()
+            self.socket.sendall(buf)
+
+            if errno is None:
+                should_loop = False
+            elif errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self.socket.recv(SSL_BLOCKSIZE)
+                if buf:
+                    self.incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self.incoming.write_eof()
+        return ret
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e18a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import time
+
+# The default socket timeout, used by httplib to indicate that no timeout was; specified by the user
+from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, getdefaulttimeout
+
+from ..exceptions import TimeoutStateError
+
+# A sentinel value to indicate that no timeout was specified by the user in
+# urllib3
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Use time.monotonic if available.
+current_time = getattr(time, "monotonic", time.time)
+
+
+class Timeout(object):
+    """Timeout configuration.
+
+    Timeouts can be defined as a default for a pool:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       timeout = Timeout(connect=2.0, read=7.0)
+       http = PoolManager(timeout=timeout)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', timeout=Timeout(10))
+
+    Timeouts can be disabled by setting all the parameters to ``None``:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       no_timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/, timeout=no_timeout)
+
+
+    :param total:
+        This combines the connect and read timeouts into one; the read timeout
+        will be set to the time leftover from the connect attempt. In the
+        event that both a connect timeout and a total are specified, or a read
+        timeout and a total are specified, the shorter timeout will be applied.
+
+        Defaults to None.
+
+    :type total: int, float, or None
+
+    :param connect:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection
+        attempt to a server to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the
+        connect timeout to the system default, probably `the global default
+        timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
+
+    :type connect: int, float, or None
+
+    :param read:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait between consecutive
+        read operations for a response from the server. Omitting the parameter
+        will default the read timeout to the system default, probably `the
+        global default timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout.
+
+    :type read: int, float, or None
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Many factors can affect the total amount of time for urllib3 to return
+        an HTTP response.
+
+        For example, Python's DNS resolver does not obey the timeout specified
+        on the socket. Other factors that can affect total request time include
+        high CPU load, high swap, the program running at a low priority level,
+        or other behaviors.
+
+        In addition, the read and total timeouts only measure the time between
+        read operations on the socket connecting the client and the server,
+        not the total amount of time for the request to return a complete
+        response. For most requests, the timeout is raised because the server
+        has not sent the first byte in the specified time. This is not always
+        the case; if a server streams one byte every fifteen seconds, a timeout
+        of 20 seconds will not trigger, even though the request will take
+        several minutes to complete.
+
+        If your goal is to cut off any request after a set amount of wall clock
+        time, consider having a second "watcher" thread to cut off a slow
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: A sentinel object representing the default timeout value
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+    def __init__(self, total=None, connect=_Default, read=_Default):
+        self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, "connect")
+        self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, "read")
+        self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, "total")
+        self._start_connect = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)" % (
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self._connect,
+            self._read,
+            self.total,
+        )
+
+    # __str__ provided for backwards compatibility
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_default_timeout(cls, timeout):
+        return getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_timeout(cls, value, name):
+        """Check that a timeout attribute is valid.
+
+        :param value: The timeout value to validate
+        :param name: The name of the timeout attribute to validate. This is
+            used to specify in error messages.
+        :return: The validated and casted version of the given value.
+        :raises ValueError: If it is a numeric value less than or equal to
+            zero, or the type is not an integer, float, or None.
+        """
+        if value is _Default:
+            return cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        if value is None or value is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return value
+
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
+                "be an int, float or None."
+            )
+        try:
+            float(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            if value <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
+                    "timeout cannot be set to a value less "
+                    "than or equal to 0." % (name, value)
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # Python 3
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        return value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_float(cls, timeout):
+        """Create a new Timeout from a legacy timeout value.
+
+        The timeout value used by httplib.py sets the same timeout on the
+        connect(), and recv() socket requests. This creates a :class:`Timeout`
+        object that sets the individual timeouts to the ``timeout`` value
+        passed to this function.
+
+        :param timeout: The legacy timeout value.
+        :type timeout: integer, float, sentinel default object, or None
+        :return: Timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        return Timeout(read=timeout, connect=timeout)
+
+    def clone(self):
+        """Create a copy of the timeout object
+
+        Timeout properties are stored per-pool but each request needs a fresh
+        Timeout object to ensure each one has its own start/stop configured.
+
+        :return: a copy of the timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        # We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
+        # for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
+        # detect the user default.
+        return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read, total=self.total)
+
+    def start_connect(self):
+        """Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
+
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to start a timer that has been started already.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is not None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError("Timeout timer has already been started.")
+        self._start_connect = current_time()
+        return self._start_connect
+
+    def get_connect_duration(self):
+        """Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
+
+        :return: Elapsed time in seconds.
+        :rtype: float
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError(
+                "Can't get connect duration for timer that has not started."
+            )
+        return current_time() - self._start_connect
+
+    @property
+    def connect_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value to use when setting a connection timeout.
+
+        This will be a positive float or integer, the value None
+        (never timeout), or the default system timeout.
+
+        :return: Connect timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        """
+        if self.total is None:
+            return self._connect
+
+        if self._connect is None or self._connect is self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return self.total
+
+        return min(self._connect, self.total)
+
+    @property
+    def read_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value for the read timeout.
+
+        This assumes some time has elapsed in the connection timeout and
+        computes the read timeout appropriately.
+
+        If self.total is set, the read timeout is dependent on the amount of
+        time taken by the connect timeout. If the connection time has not been
+        established, a :exc:`~urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError` will be
+        raised.
+
+        :return: Value to use for the read timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
+            has not yet been called on this object.
+        """
+        if (
+            self.total is not None
+            and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+            and self._read is not None
+            and self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        ):
+            # In case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
+            if self._start_connect is None:
+                return self._read
+            return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(), self._read))
+        elif self.total is not None and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
+        else:
+            return self._read
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a960b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+
+url_attrs = ["scheme", "auth", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+
+# We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme.
+# urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http.
+NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None)
+
+# Almost all of these patterns were derived from the
+# 'rfc3986' module: https://github.com/python-hyper/rfc3986
+PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}")
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-]*:|/)")
+URI_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^(?:([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*):)?"
+    r"(?://([^\\/?#]*))?"
+    r"([^?#]*)"
+    r"(?:\?([^#]*))?"
+    r"(?:#(.*))?$",
+    re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL,
+)
+
+IPV4_PAT = r"(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
+HEX_PAT = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
+LS32_PAT = "(?:{hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=HEX_PAT, ipv4=IPV4_PAT)
+_subs = {"hex": HEX_PAT, "ls32": LS32_PAT}
+_variations = [
+    #                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s",
+    #                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "::(?:%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s",
+    # [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s",
+    # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::",
+]
+
+UNRESERVED_PAT = r"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._\-~"
+IPV6_PAT = "(?:" + "|".join([x % _subs for x in _variations]) + ")"
+ZONE_ID_PAT = "(?:%25|%)(?:[" + UNRESERVED_PAT + "]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})+"
+IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT = r"\[" + IPV6_PAT + r"(?:" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")?\]"
+REG_NAME_PAT = r"(?:[^\[\]%:/?#]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})*"
+TARGET_RE = re.compile(r"^(/[^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#.*)?$")
+
+IPV4_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV4_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT + "$")
+BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT[2:-2] + "$")
+ZONE_ID_RE = re.compile("(" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")\]$")
+
+_HOST_PORT_PAT = ("^(%s|%s|%s)(?::0*?(|0|[1-9][0-9]{0,4}))?$") % (
+    REG_NAME_PAT,
+    IPV4_PAT,
+    IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT,
+)
+_HOST_PORT_RE = re.compile(_HOST_PORT_PAT, re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL)
+
+UNRESERVED_CHARS = set(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._-~"
+)
+SUB_DELIM_CHARS = set("!$&'()*+,;=")
+USERINFO_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARS | SUB_DELIM_CHARS | {":"}
+PATH_CHARS = USERINFO_CHARS | {"@", "/"}
+QUERY_CHARS = FRAGMENT_CHARS = PATH_CHARS | {"?"}
+
+
+class Url(namedtuple("Url", url_attrs)):
+    """
+    Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
+    :func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are
+    both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        auth=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/" + path
+        if scheme is not None:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+        return super(Url, cls).__new__(
+            cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self):
+        """For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def request_uri(self):
+        """Absolute path including the query string."""
+        uri = self.path or "/"
+
+        if self.query is not None:
+            uri += "?" + self.query
+
+        return uri
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self):
+        """Network location including host and port"""
+        if self.port:
+            return "%s:%d" % (self.host, self.port)
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        """
+        Convert self into a url
+
+        This function should more or less round-trip with :func:`.parse_url`. The
+        returned url may not be exactly the same as the url inputted to
+        :func:`.parse_url`, but it should be equivalent by the RFC (e.g., urls
+        with a blank port will have : removed).
+
+        Example: ::
+
+            >>> U = parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+            >>> U.url
+            'http://google.com/mail/'
+            >>> Url('http', 'username:password', 'host.com', 80,
+            ... '/path', 'query', 'fragment').url
+            'http://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment'
+        """
+        scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self
+        url = u""
+
+        # We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port)
+        if scheme is not None:
+            url += scheme + u"://"
+        if auth is not None:
+            url += auth + u"@"
+        if host is not None:
+            url += host
+        if port is not None:
+            url += u":" + str(port)
+        if path is not None:
+            url += path
+        if query is not None:
+            url += u"?" + query
+        if fragment is not None:
+            url += u"#" + fragment
+
+        return url
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.url
+
+
+def split_first(s, delims):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.25
+
+    Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
+    delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
+
+    If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
+        ('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
+        ('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
+
+    Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
+    """
+    min_idx = None
+    min_delim = None
+    for d in delims:
+        idx = s.find(d)
+        if idx < 0:
+            continue
+
+        if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
+            min_idx = idx
+            min_delim = d
+
+    if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
+        return s, "", None
+
+    return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx + 1 :], min_delim
+
+
+def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying
+    onto an already percent-encoded component.
+    """
+    if component is None:
+        return component
+
+    component = six.ensure_text(component)
+
+    # Normalize existing percent-encoded bytes.
+    # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
+    # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
+    component, percent_encodings = PERCENT_RE.subn(
+        lambda match: match.group(0).upper(), component
+    )
+
+    uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass")
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
+    encoded_component = bytearray()
+
+    for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
+        # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
+        byte_ord = ord(byte)
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars
+        ):
+            encoded_component += byte
+            continue
+        encoded_component.extend(b"%" + (hex(byte_ord)[2:].encode().zfill(2).upper()))
+
+    return encoded_component.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def _remove_path_dot_segments(path):
+    # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
+    segments = path.split("/")  # Turn the path into a list of segments
+    output = []  # Initialize the variable to use to store output
+
+    for segment in segments:
+        # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
+        if segment == ".":
+            continue
+        # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
+        elif segment != "..":
+            output.append(segment)
+        # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
+        # element
+        elif output:
+            output.pop()
+
+    # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
+    # is non-empty
+    if path.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, "")
+
+    # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
+    # string to add a trailing '/'
+    if path.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
+        output.append("")
+
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    if host:
+        if isinstance(host, six.binary_type):
+            host = six.ensure_str(host)
+
+        if scheme in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES:
+            is_ipv6 = IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(host)
+            if is_ipv6:
+                # IPv6 hosts of the form 'a::b%zone' are encoded in a URL as
+                # such per RFC 6874: 'a::b%25zone'. Unquote the ZoneID
+                # separator as necessary to return a valid RFC 4007 scoped IP.
+                match = ZONE_ID_RE.search(host)
+                if match:
+                    start, end = match.span(1)
+                    zone_id = host[start:end]
+
+                    if zone_id.startswith("%25") and zone_id != "%25":
+                        zone_id = zone_id[3:]
+                    else:
+                        zone_id = zone_id[1:]
+                    zone_id = "%" + _encode_invalid_chars(zone_id, UNRESERVED_CHARS)
+                    return host[:start].lower() + zone_id + host[end:]
+                else:
+                    return host.lower()
+            elif not IPV4_RE.match(host):
+                return six.ensure_str(
+                    b".".join([_idna_encode(label) for label in host.split(".")])
+                )
+    return host
+
+
+def _idna_encode(name):
+    if name and any(ord(x) >= 128 for x in name):
+        try:
+            from pip._vendor import idna
+        except ImportError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError("Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module"),
+                None,
+            )
+        try:
+            return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True)
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError(u"Name '%s' is not a valid IDNA label" % name), None
+            )
+    return name.lower().encode("ascii")
+
+
+def _encode_target(target):
+    """Percent-encodes a request target so that there are no invalid characters"""
+    path, query = TARGET_RE.match(target).groups()
+    target = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+    query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+    if query is not None:
+        target += "?" + query
+    return target
+
+
+def parse_url(url):
+    """
+    Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
+    performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
+    This parser is RFC 3986 and RFC 6874 compliant.
+
+    The parser logic and helper functions are based heavily on
+    work done in the ``rfc3986`` module.
+
+    :param str url: URL to parse into a :class:`.Url` namedtuple.
+
+    Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+        Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/mail/', ...)
+        >>> parse_url('google.com:80')
+        Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
+        >>> parse_url('/foo?bar')
+        Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
+    """
+    if not url:
+        # Empty
+        return Url()
+
+    source_url = url
+    if not SCHEME_RE.search(url):
+        url = "//" + url
+
+    try:
+        scheme, authority, path, query, fragment = URI_RE.match(url).groups()
+        normalize_uri = scheme is None or scheme.lower() in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES
+
+        if scheme:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+
+        if authority:
+            auth, _, host_port = authority.rpartition("@")
+            auth = auth or None
+            host, port = _HOST_PORT_RE.match(host_port).groups()
+            if auth and normalize_uri:
+                auth = _encode_invalid_chars(auth, USERINFO_CHARS)
+            if port == "":
+                port = None
+        else:
+            auth, host, port = None, None, None
+
+        if port is not None:
+            port = int(port)
+            if not (0 <= port <= 65535):
+                raise LocationParseError(url)
+
+        host = _normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+        if normalize_uri and path:
+            path = _remove_path_dot_segments(path)
+            path = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and query:
+            query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and fragment:
+            fragment = _encode_invalid_chars(fragment, FRAGMENT_CHARS)
+
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+        return six.raise_from(LocationParseError(source_url), None)
+
+    # For the sake of backwards compatibility we put empty
+    # string values for path if there are any defined values
+    # beyond the path in the URL.
+    # TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility.
+    if not path:
+        if query is not None or fragment is not None:
+            path = ""
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+    # Ensure that each part of the URL is a `str` for
+    # backwards compatibility.
+    if isinstance(url, six.text_type):
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_text
+    else:
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_str
+
+    def ensure_type(x):
+        return x if x is None else ensure_func(x)
+
+    return Url(
+        scheme=ensure_type(scheme),
+        auth=ensure_type(auth),
+        host=ensure_type(host),
+        port=port,
+        path=ensure_type(path),
+        query=ensure_type(query),
+        fragment=ensure_type(fragment),
+    )
+
+
+def get_host(url):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use :func:`parse_url` instead.
+    """
+    p = parse_url(url)
+    return p.scheme or "http", p.hostname, p.port
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21b4590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import errno
+import select
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+
+try:
+    from time import monotonic
+except ImportError:
+    from time import time as monotonic
+
+__all__ = ["NoWayToWaitForSocketError", "wait_for_read", "wait_for_write"]
+
+
+class NoWayToWaitForSocketError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# How should we wait on sockets?
+#
+# There are two types of APIs you can use for waiting on sockets: the fancy
+# modern stateful APIs like epoll/kqueue, and the older stateless APIs like
+# select/poll. The stateful APIs are more efficient when you have a lots of
+# sockets to keep track of, because you can set them up once and then use them
+# lots of times. But we only ever want to wait on a single socket at a time
+# and don't want to keep track of state, so the stateless APIs are actually
+# more efficient. So we want to use select() or poll().
+#
+# Now, how do we choose between select() and poll()? On traditional Unixes,
+# select() has a strange calling convention that makes it slow, or fail
+# altogether, for high-numbered file descriptors. The point of poll() is to fix
+# that, so on Unixes, we prefer poll().
+#
+# On Windows, there is no poll() (or at least Python doesn't provide a wrapper
+# for it), but that's OK, because on Windows, select() doesn't have this
+# strange calling convention; plain select() works fine.
+#
+# So: on Windows we use select(), and everywhere else we use poll(). We also
+# fall back to select() in case poll() is somehow broken or missing.
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):
+    # Modern Python, that retries syscalls by default
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        return fn(timeout)
+
+else:
+    # Old and broken Pythons.
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        if timeout is None:
+            deadline = float("inf")
+        else:
+            deadline = monotonic() + timeout
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return fn(timeout)
+            # OSError for 3 <= pyver < 3.5, select.error for pyver <= 2.7
+            except (OSError, select.error) as e:
+                # 'e.args[0]' incantation works for both OSError and select.error
+                if e.args[0] != errno.EINTR:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    timeout = deadline - monotonic()
+                    if timeout < 0:
+                        timeout = 0
+                    if timeout == float("inf"):
+                        timeout = None
+                    continue
+
+
+def select_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    rcheck = []
+    wcheck = []
+    if read:
+        rcheck.append(sock)
+    if write:
+        wcheck.append(sock)
+    # When doing a non-blocking connect, most systems signal success by
+    # marking the socket writable. Windows, though, signals success by marked
+    # it as "exceptional". We paper over the difference by checking the write
+    # sockets for both conditions. (The stdlib selectors module does the same
+    # thing.)
+    fn = partial(select.select, rcheck, wcheck, wcheck)
+    rready, wready, xready = _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout)
+    return bool(rready or wready or xready)
+
+
+def poll_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    mask = 0
+    if read:
+        mask |= select.POLLIN
+    if write:
+        mask |= select.POLLOUT
+    poll_obj = select.poll()
+    poll_obj.register(sock, mask)
+
+    # For some reason, poll() takes timeout in milliseconds
+    def do_poll(t):
+        if t is not None:
+            t *= 1000
+        return poll_obj.poll(t)
+
+    return bool(_retry_on_intr(do_poll, timeout))
+
+
+def null_wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    raise NoWayToWaitForSocketError("no select-equivalent available")
+
+
+def _have_working_poll():
+    # Apparently some systems have a select.poll that fails as soon as you try
+    # to use it, either due to strange configuration or broken monkeypatching
+    # from libraries like eventlet/greenlet.
+    try:
+        poll_obj = select.poll()
+        _retry_on_intr(poll_obj.poll, 0)
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    # We delay choosing which implementation to use until the first time we're
+    # called. We could do it at import time, but then we might make the wrong
+    # decision if someone goes wild with monkeypatching select.poll after
+    # we're imported.
+    global wait_for_socket
+    if _have_working_poll():
+        wait_for_socket = poll_wait_for_socket
+    elif hasattr(select, "select"):
+        wait_for_socket = select_wait_for_socket
+    else:  # Platform-specific: Appengine.
+        wait_for_socket = null_wait_for_socket
+    return wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def wait_for_read(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for reading to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, read=True, timeout=timeout)
+
+
+def wait_for_write(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for writing to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, write=True, timeout=timeout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd92690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+CacheControl==0.14.0
+distlib==0.3.8
+distro==1.9.0
+msgpack==1.0.8
+packaging==24.1
+platformdirs==4.2.2
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+requests==2.32.3
+    certifi==2024.7.4
+    idna==3.7
+    urllib3==1.26.18
+rich==13.7.1
+    pygments==2.18.0
+    typing_extensions==4.12.2
+resolvelib==1.0.1
+setuptools==70.3.0
+tomli==2.0.1
+truststore==0.9.1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..493b53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pip is a command line program. While it is implemented in Python, and so is
+available for import, you must not use pip's internal APIs in this way. Typing
+information is provided as a convenience only and is not a guarantee. Expect
+unannounced changes to the API and types in releases.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59a8938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""A Python driver for PostgreSQL
+
+psycopg is a PostgreSQL_ database adapter for the Python_ programming
+language. This is version 2, a complete rewrite of the original code to
+provide new-style classes for connection and cursor objects and other sweet
+candies. Like the original, psycopg 2 was written with the aim of being very
+small and fast, and stable as a rock.
+
+Homepage: https://psycopg.org/
+
+.. _PostgreSQL: https://www.postgresql.org/
+.. _Python: https://www.python.org/
+
+:Groups:
+  * `Connections creation`: connect
+  * `Value objects constructors`: Binary, Date, DateFromTicks, Time,
+    TimeFromTicks, Timestamp, TimestampFromTicks
+"""
+# psycopg/__init__.py - initialization of the psycopg module
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Federico Di Gregorio  <fog@debian.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+# Import modules needed by _psycopg to allow tools like py2exe to do
+# their work without bothering about the module dependencies.
+
+# Note: the first internal import should be _psycopg, otherwise the real cause
+# of a failed loading of the C module may get hidden, see
+# https://archives.postgresql.org/psycopg/2011-02/msg00044.php
+
+# Import the DBAPI-2.0 stuff into top-level module.
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import (                     # noqa
+    BINARY, NUMBER, STRING, DATETIME, ROWID,
+
+    Binary, Date, Time, Timestamp,
+    DateFromTicks, TimeFromTicks, TimestampFromTicks,
+
+    Error, Warning, DataError, DatabaseError, ProgrammingError, IntegrityError,
+    InterfaceError, InternalError, NotSupportedError, OperationalError,
+
+    _connect, apilevel, threadsafety, paramstyle,
+    __version__, __libpq_version__,
+)
+
+
+# Register default adapters.
+
+from psycopg2 import extensions as _ext
+_ext.register_adapter(tuple, _ext.SQL_IN)
+_ext.register_adapter(type(None), _ext.NoneAdapter)
+
+# Register the Decimal adapter here instead of in the C layer.
+# This way a new class is registered for each sub-interpreter.
+# See ticket #52
+from decimal import Decimal                         # noqa
+from psycopg2._psycopg import Decimal as Adapter    # noqa
+_ext.register_adapter(Decimal, Adapter)
+del Decimal, Adapter
+
+
+def connect(dsn=None, connection_factory=None, cursor_factory=None, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Create a new database connection.
+
+    The connection parameters can be specified as a string:
+
+        conn = psycopg2.connect("dbname=test user=postgres password=secret")
+
+    or using a set of keyword arguments:
+
+        conn = psycopg2.connect(database="test", user="postgres", password="secret")
+
+    Or as a mix of both. The basic connection parameters are:
+
+    - *dbname*: the database name
+    - *database*: the database name (only as keyword argument)
+    - *user*: user name used to authenticate
+    - *password*: password used to authenticate
+    - *host*: database host address (defaults to UNIX socket if not provided)
+    - *port*: connection port number (defaults to 5432 if not provided)
+
+    Using the *connection_factory* parameter a different class or connections
+    factory can be specified. It should be a callable object taking a dsn
+    argument.
+
+    Using the *cursor_factory* parameter, a new default cursor factory will be
+    used by cursor().
+
+    Using *async*=True an asynchronous connection will be created. *async_* is
+    a valid alias (for Python versions where ``async`` is a keyword).
+
+    Any other keyword parameter will be passed to the underlying client
+    library: the list of supported parameters depends on the library version.
+
+    """
+    kwasync = {}
+    if 'async' in kwargs:
+        kwasync['async'] = kwargs.pop('async')
+    if 'async_' in kwargs:
+        kwasync['async_'] = kwargs.pop('async_')
+
+    dsn = _ext.make_dsn(dsn, **kwargs)
+    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
+    if cursor_factory is not None:
+        conn.cursor_factory = cursor_factory
+
+    return conn
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_ipaddress.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_ipaddress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d38566c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_ipaddress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Implementation of the ipaddres-based network types adaptation
+"""
+
+# psycopg/_ipaddress.py - Ipaddres-based network types adaptation
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+from psycopg2.extensions import (
+    new_type, new_array_type, register_type, register_adapter, QuotedString)
+
+# The module is imported on register_ipaddress
+ipaddress = None
+
+# The typecasters are created only once
+_casters = None
+
+
+def register_ipaddress(conn_or_curs=None):
+    """
+    Register conversion support between `ipaddress` objects and `network types`__.
+
+    :param conn_or_curs: the scope where to register the type casters.
+        If `!None` register them globally.
+
+    After the function is called, PostgreSQL :sql:`inet` values will be
+    converted into `~ipaddress.IPv4Interface` or `~ipaddress.IPv6Interface`
+    objects, :sql:`cidr` values into into `~ipaddress.IPv4Network` or
+    `~ipaddress.IPv6Network`.
+
+    .. __: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/datatype-net-types.html
+    """
+    global ipaddress
+    import ipaddress
+
+    global _casters
+    if _casters is None:
+        _casters = _make_casters()
+
+    for c in _casters:
+        register_type(c, conn_or_curs)
+
+    for t in [ipaddress.IPv4Interface, ipaddress.IPv6Interface,
+              ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network]:
+        register_adapter(t, adapt_ipaddress)
+
+
+def _make_casters():
+    inet = new_type((869,), 'INET', cast_interface)
+    ainet = new_array_type((1041,), 'INET[]', inet)
+
+    cidr = new_type((650,), 'CIDR', cast_network)
+    acidr = new_array_type((651,), 'CIDR[]', cidr)
+
+    return [inet, ainet, cidr, acidr]
+
+
+def cast_interface(s, cur=None):
+    if s is None:
+        return None
+    # Py2 version force the use of unicode. meh.
+    return ipaddress.ip_interface(str(s))
+
+
+def cast_network(s, cur=None):
+    if s is None:
+        return None
+    return ipaddress.ip_network(str(s))
+
+
+def adapt_ipaddress(obj):
+    return QuotedString(str(obj))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9502422
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+"""Implementation of the JSON adaptation objects
+
+This module exists to avoid a circular import problem: pyscopg2.extras depends
+on psycopg2.extension, so I can't create the default JSON typecasters in
+extensions importing register_json from extras.
+"""
+
+# psycopg/_json.py - Implementation of the JSON adaptation objects
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import json
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import ISQLQuote, QuotedString
+from psycopg2._psycopg import new_type, new_array_type, register_type
+
+
+# oids from PostgreSQL 9.2
+JSON_OID = 114
+JSONARRAY_OID = 199
+
+# oids from PostgreSQL 9.4
+JSONB_OID = 3802
+JSONBARRAY_OID = 3807
+
+
+class Json:
+    """
+    An `~psycopg2.extensions.ISQLQuote` wrapper to adapt a Python object to
+    :sql:`json` data type.
+
+    `!Json` can be used to wrap any object supported by the provided *dumps*
+    function. If none is provided, the standard :py:func:`json.dumps()` is
+    used.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, adapted, dumps=None):
+        self.adapted = adapted
+        self._conn = None
+        self._dumps = dumps or json.dumps
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        if proto is ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+
+    def dumps(self, obj):
+        """Serialize *obj* in JSON format.
+
+        The default is to call `!json.dumps()` or the *dumps* function
+        provided in the constructor. You can override this method to create a
+        customized JSON wrapper.
+        """
+        return self._dumps(obj)
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        self._conn = conn
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        s = self.dumps(self.adapted)
+        qs = QuotedString(s)
+        if self._conn is not None:
+            qs.prepare(self._conn)
+        return qs.getquoted()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        # getquoted is binary
+        return self.getquoted().decode('ascii', 'replace')
+
+
+def register_json(conn_or_curs=None, globally=False, loads=None,
+                  oid=None, array_oid=None, name='json'):
+    """Create and register typecasters converting :sql:`json` type to Python objects.
+
+    :param conn_or_curs: a connection or cursor used to find the :sql:`json`
+        and :sql:`json[]` oids; the typecasters are registered in a scope
+        limited to this object, unless *globally* is set to `!True`. It can be
+        `!None` if the oids are provided
+    :param globally: if `!False` register the typecasters only on
+        *conn_or_curs*, otherwise register them globally
+    :param loads: the function used to parse the data into a Python object. If
+        `!None` use `!json.loads()`, where `!json` is the module chosen
+        according to the Python version (see above)
+    :param oid: the OID of the :sql:`json` type if known; If not, it will be
+        queried on *conn_or_curs*
+    :param array_oid: the OID of the :sql:`json[]` array type if known;
+        if not, it will be queried on *conn_or_curs*
+    :param name: the name of the data type to look for in *conn_or_curs*
+
+    The connection or cursor passed to the function will be used to query the
+    database and look for the OID of the :sql:`json` type (or an alternative
+    type if *name* if provided). No query is performed if *oid* and *array_oid*
+    are provided.  Raise `~psycopg2.ProgrammingError` if the type is not found.
+
+    """
+    if oid is None:
+        oid, array_oid = _get_json_oids(conn_or_curs, name)
+
+    JSON, JSONARRAY = _create_json_typecasters(
+        oid, array_oid, loads=loads, name=name.upper())
+
+    register_type(JSON, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+
+    if JSONARRAY is not None:
+        register_type(JSONARRAY, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+
+    return JSON, JSONARRAY
+
+
+def register_default_json(conn_or_curs=None, globally=False, loads=None):
+    """
+    Create and register :sql:`json` typecasters for PostgreSQL 9.2 and following.
+
+    Since PostgreSQL 9.2 :sql:`json` is a builtin type, hence its oid is known
+    and fixed. This function allows specifying a customized *loads* function
+    for the default :sql:`json` type without querying the database.
+    All the parameters have the same meaning of `register_json()`.
+    """
+    return register_json(conn_or_curs=conn_or_curs, globally=globally,
+        loads=loads, oid=JSON_OID, array_oid=JSONARRAY_OID)
+
+
+def register_default_jsonb(conn_or_curs=None, globally=False, loads=None):
+    """
+    Create and register :sql:`jsonb` typecasters for PostgreSQL 9.4 and following.
+
+    As in `register_default_json()`, the function allows to register a
+    customized *loads* function for the :sql:`jsonb` type at its known oid for
+    PostgreSQL 9.4 and following versions.  All the parameters have the same
+    meaning of `register_json()`.
+    """
+    return register_json(conn_or_curs=conn_or_curs, globally=globally,
+        loads=loads, oid=JSONB_OID, array_oid=JSONBARRAY_OID, name='jsonb')
+
+
+def _create_json_typecasters(oid, array_oid, loads=None, name='JSON'):
+    """Create typecasters for json data type."""
+    if loads is None:
+        loads = json.loads
+
+    def typecast_json(s, cur):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        return loads(s)
+
+    JSON = new_type((oid, ), name, typecast_json)
+    if array_oid is not None:
+        JSONARRAY = new_array_type((array_oid, ), f"{name}ARRAY", JSON)
+    else:
+        JSONARRAY = None
+
+    return JSON, JSONARRAY
+
+
+def _get_json_oids(conn_or_curs, name='json'):
+    # lazy imports
+    from psycopg2.extensions import STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION
+    from psycopg2.extras import _solve_conn_curs
+
+    conn, curs = _solve_conn_curs(conn_or_curs)
+
+    # Store the transaction status of the connection to revert it after use
+    conn_status = conn.status
+
+    # column typarray not available before PG 8.3
+    typarray = conn.info.server_version >= 80300 and "typarray" or "NULL"
+
+    # get the oid for the hstore
+    curs.execute(
+        "SELECT t.oid, %s FROM pg_type t WHERE t.typname = %%s;"
+        % typarray, (name,))
+    r = curs.fetchone()
+
+    # revert the status of the connection as before the command
+    if conn_status != STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION and not conn.autocommit:
+        conn.rollback()
+
+    if not r:
+        raise conn.ProgrammingError(f"{name} data type not found")
+
+    return r
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64bae07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/_range.py
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+"""Implementation of the Range type and adaptation
+
+"""
+
+# psycopg/_range.py - Implementation of the Range type and adaptation
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import re
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import ProgrammingError, InterfaceError
+from psycopg2.extensions import ISQLQuote, adapt, register_adapter
+from psycopg2.extensions import new_type, new_array_type, register_type
+
+
+class Range:
+    """Python representation for a PostgreSQL |range|_ type.
+
+    :param lower: lower bound for the range. `!None` means unbound
+    :param upper: upper bound for the range. `!None` means unbound
+    :param bounds: one of the literal strings ``()``, ``[)``, ``(]``, ``[]``,
+        representing whether the lower or upper bounds are included
+    :param empty: if `!True`, the range is empty
+
+    """
+    __slots__ = ('_lower', '_upper', '_bounds')
+
+    def __init__(self, lower=None, upper=None, bounds='[)', empty=False):
+        if not empty:
+            if bounds not in ('[)', '(]', '()', '[]'):
+                raise ValueError(f"bound flags not valid: {bounds!r}")
+
+            self._lower = lower
+            self._upper = upper
+            self._bounds = bounds
+        else:
+            self._lower = self._upper = self._bounds = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self._bounds is None:
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(empty=True)"
+        else:
+            return "{}({!r}, {!r}, {!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__,
+                self._lower, self._upper, self._bounds)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self._bounds is None:
+            return 'empty'
+
+        items = [
+            self._bounds[0],
+            str(self._lower),
+            ', ',
+            str(self._upper),
+            self._bounds[1]
+        ]
+        return ''.join(items)
+
+    @property
+    def lower(self):
+        """The lower bound of the range. `!None` if empty or unbound."""
+        return self._lower
+
+    @property
+    def upper(self):
+        """The upper bound of the range. `!None` if empty or unbound."""
+        return self._upper
+
+    @property
+    def isempty(self):
+        """`!True` if the range is empty."""
+        return self._bounds is None
+
+    @property
+    def lower_inf(self):
+        """`!True` if the range doesn't have a lower bound."""
+        if self._bounds is None:
+            return False
+        return self._lower is None
+
+    @property
+    def upper_inf(self):
+        """`!True` if the range doesn't have an upper bound."""
+        if self._bounds is None:
+            return False
+        return self._upper is None
+
+    @property
+    def lower_inc(self):
+        """`!True` if the lower bound is included in the range."""
+        if self._bounds is None or self._lower is None:
+            return False
+        return self._bounds[0] == '['
+
+    @property
+    def upper_inc(self):
+        """`!True` if the upper bound is included in the range."""
+        if self._bounds is None or self._upper is None:
+            return False
+        return self._bounds[1] == ']'
+
+    def __contains__(self, x):
+        if self._bounds is None:
+            return False
+
+        if self._lower is not None:
+            if self._bounds[0] == '[':
+                if x < self._lower:
+                    return False
+            else:
+                if x <= self._lower:
+                    return False
+
+        if self._upper is not None:
+            if self._bounds[1] == ']':
+                if x > self._upper:
+                    return False
+            else:
+                if x >= self._upper:
+                    return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return self._bounds is not None
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Range):
+            return False
+        return (self._lower == other._lower
+            and self._upper == other._upper
+            and self._bounds == other._bounds)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self._lower, self._upper, self._bounds))
+
+    # as the postgres docs describe for the server-side stuff,
+    # ordering is rather arbitrary, but will remain stable
+    # and consistent.
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Range):
+            return NotImplemented
+        for attr in ('_lower', '_upper', '_bounds'):
+            self_value = getattr(self, attr)
+            other_value = getattr(other, attr)
+            if self_value == other_value:
+                pass
+            elif self_value is None:
+                return True
+            elif other_value is None:
+                return False
+            else:
+                return self_value < other_value
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if self == other:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return self.__lt__(other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Range):
+            return other.__lt__(self)
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if self == other:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return self.__gt__(other)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return {slot: getattr(self, slot)
+            for slot in self.__slots__ if hasattr(self, slot)}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for slot, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, slot, value)
+
+
+def register_range(pgrange, pyrange, conn_or_curs, globally=False):
+    """Create and register an adapter and the typecasters to convert between
+    a PostgreSQL |range|_ type and a PostgreSQL `Range` subclass.
+
+    :param pgrange: the name of the PostgreSQL |range| type. Can be
+        schema-qualified
+    :param pyrange: a `Range` strict subclass, or just a name to give to a new
+        class
+    :param conn_or_curs: a connection or cursor used to find the oid of the
+        range and its subtype; the typecaster is registered in a scope limited
+        to this object, unless *globally* is set to `!True`
+    :param globally: if `!False` (default) register the typecaster only on
+        *conn_or_curs*, otherwise register it globally
+    :return: `RangeCaster` instance responsible for the conversion
+
+    If a string is passed to *pyrange*, a new `Range` subclass is created
+    with such name and will be available as the `~RangeCaster.range` attribute
+    of the returned `RangeCaster` object.
+
+    The function queries the database on *conn_or_curs* to inspect the
+    *pgrange* type and raises `~psycopg2.ProgrammingError` if the type is not
+    found.  If querying the database is not advisable, use directly the
+    `RangeCaster` class and register the adapter and typecasters using the
+    provided functions.
+
+    """
+    caster = RangeCaster._from_db(pgrange, pyrange, conn_or_curs)
+    caster._register(not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+    return caster
+
+
+class RangeAdapter:
+    """`ISQLQuote` adapter for `Range` subclasses.
+
+    This is an abstract class: concrete classes must set a `name` class
+    attribute or override `getquoted()`.
+    """
+    name = None
+
+    def __init__(self, adapted):
+        self.adapted = adapted
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        if self._proto is ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        self._conn = conn
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        if self.name is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                'RangeAdapter must be subclassed overriding its name '
+                'or the getquoted() method')
+
+        r = self.adapted
+        if r.isempty:
+            return b"'empty'::" + self.name.encode('utf8')
+
+        if r.lower is not None:
+            a = adapt(r.lower)
+            if hasattr(a, 'prepare'):
+                a.prepare(self._conn)
+            lower = a.getquoted()
+        else:
+            lower = b'NULL'
+
+        if r.upper is not None:
+            a = adapt(r.upper)
+            if hasattr(a, 'prepare'):
+                a.prepare(self._conn)
+            upper = a.getquoted()
+        else:
+            upper = b'NULL'
+
+        return self.name.encode('utf8') + b'(' + lower + b', ' + upper \
+            + b", '" + r._bounds.encode('utf8') + b"')"
+
+
+class RangeCaster:
+    """Helper class to convert between `Range` and PostgreSQL range types.
+
+    Objects of this class are usually created by `register_range()`. Manual
+    creation could be useful if querying the database is not advisable: in
+    this case the oids must be provided.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, pgrange, pyrange, oid, subtype_oid, array_oid=None):
+        self.subtype_oid = subtype_oid
+        self._create_ranges(pgrange, pyrange)
+
+        name = self.adapter.name or self.adapter.__class__.__name__
+
+        self.typecaster = new_type((oid,), name, self.parse)
+
+        if array_oid is not None:
+            self.array_typecaster = new_array_type(
+                (array_oid,), name + "ARRAY", self.typecaster)
+        else:
+            self.array_typecaster = None
+
+    def _create_ranges(self, pgrange, pyrange):
+        """Create Range and RangeAdapter classes if needed."""
+        # if got a string create a new RangeAdapter concrete type (with a name)
+        # else take it as an adapter. Passing an adapter should be considered
+        # an implementation detail and is not documented. It is currently used
+        # for the numeric ranges.
+        self.adapter = None
+        if isinstance(pgrange, str):
+            self.adapter = type(pgrange, (RangeAdapter,), {})
+            self.adapter.name = pgrange
+        else:
+            try:
+                if issubclass(pgrange, RangeAdapter) \
+                        and pgrange is not RangeAdapter:
+                    self.adapter = pgrange
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+
+        if self.adapter is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'pgrange must be a string or a RangeAdapter strict subclass')
+
+        self.range = None
+        try:
+            if isinstance(pyrange, str):
+                self.range = type(pyrange, (Range,), {})
+            if issubclass(pyrange, Range) and pyrange is not Range:
+                self.range = pyrange
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+
+        if self.range is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'pyrange must be a type or a Range strict subclass')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_db(self, name, pyrange, conn_or_curs):
+        """Return a `RangeCaster` instance for the type *pgrange*.
+
+        Raise `ProgrammingError` if the type is not found.
+        """
+        from psycopg2.extensions import STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION
+        from psycopg2.extras import _solve_conn_curs
+        conn, curs = _solve_conn_curs(conn_or_curs)
+
+        if conn.info.server_version < 90200:
+            raise ProgrammingError("range types not available in version %s"
+                % conn.info.server_version)
+
+        # Store the transaction status of the connection to revert it after use
+        conn_status = conn.status
+
+        # Use the correct schema
+        if '.' in name:
+            schema, tname = name.split('.', 1)
+        else:
+            tname = name
+            schema = 'public'
+
+        # get the type oid and attributes
+        curs.execute("""\
+select rngtypid, rngsubtype, typarray
+from pg_range r
+join pg_type t on t.oid = rngtypid
+join pg_namespace ns on ns.oid = typnamespace
+where typname = %s and ns.nspname = %s;
+""", (tname, schema))
+        rec = curs.fetchone()
+
+        if not rec:
+            # The above algorithm doesn't work for customized seach_path
+            # (#1487) The implementation below works better, but, to guarantee
+            # backwards compatibility, use it only if the original one failed.
+            try:
+                savepoint = False
+                # Because we executed statements earlier, we are either INTRANS
+                # or we are IDLE only if the transaction is autocommit, in
+                # which case we don't need the savepoint anyway.
+                if conn.status == STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION:
+                    curs.execute("SAVEPOINT register_type")
+                    savepoint = True
+
+                curs.execute("""\
+SELECT rngtypid, rngsubtype, typarray, typname, nspname
+from pg_range r
+join pg_type t on t.oid = rngtypid
+join pg_namespace ns on ns.oid = typnamespace
+WHERE t.oid = %s::regtype
+""", (name, ))
+            except ProgrammingError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                rec = curs.fetchone()
+                if rec:
+                    tname, schema = rec[3:]
+            finally:
+                if savepoint:
+                    curs.execute("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT register_type")
+
+        # revert the status of the connection as before the command
+        if conn_status != STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION and not conn.autocommit:
+            conn.rollback()
+
+        if not rec:
+            raise ProgrammingError(
+                f"PostgreSQL range '{name}' not found")
+
+        type, subtype, array = rec[:3]
+
+        return RangeCaster(name, pyrange,
+            oid=type, subtype_oid=subtype, array_oid=array)
+
+    _re_range = re.compile(r"""
+        ( \(|\[ )                   # lower bound flag
+        (?:                         # lower bound:
+          " ( (?: [^"] | "")* ) "   #   - a quoted string
+          | ( [^",]+ )              #   - or an unquoted string
+        )?                          #   - or empty (not catched)
+        ,
+        (?:                         # upper bound:
+          " ( (?: [^"] | "")* ) "   #   - a quoted string
+          | ( [^"\)\]]+ )           #   - or an unquoted string
+        )?                          #   - or empty (not catched)
+        ( \)|\] )                   # upper bound flag
+        """, re.VERBOSE)
+
+    _re_undouble = re.compile(r'(["\\])\1')
+
+    def parse(self, s, cur=None):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+
+        if s == 'empty':
+            return self.range(empty=True)
+
+        m = self._re_range.match(s)
+        if m is None:
+            raise InterfaceError(f"failed to parse range: '{s}'")
+
+        lower = m.group(3)
+        if lower is None:
+            lower = m.group(2)
+            if lower is not None:
+                lower = self._re_undouble.sub(r"\1", lower)
+
+        upper = m.group(5)
+        if upper is None:
+            upper = m.group(4)
+            if upper is not None:
+                upper = self._re_undouble.sub(r"\1", upper)
+
+        if cur is not None:
+            lower = cur.cast(self.subtype_oid, lower)
+            upper = cur.cast(self.subtype_oid, upper)
+
+        bounds = m.group(1) + m.group(6)
+
+        return self.range(lower, upper, bounds)
+
+    def _register(self, scope=None):
+        register_type(self.typecaster, scope)
+        if self.array_typecaster is not None:
+            register_type(self.array_typecaster, scope)
+
+        register_adapter(self.range, self.adapter)
+
+
+class NumericRange(Range):
+    """A `Range` suitable to pass Python numeric types to a PostgreSQL range.
+
+    PostgreSQL types :sql:`int4range`, :sql:`int8range`, :sql:`numrange` are
+    casted into `!NumericRange` instances.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class DateRange(Range):
+    """Represents :sql:`daterange` values."""
+    pass
+
+
+class DateTimeRange(Range):
+    """Represents :sql:`tsrange` values."""
+    pass
+
+
+class DateTimeTZRange(Range):
+    """Represents :sql:`tstzrange` values."""
+    pass
+
+
+# Special adaptation for NumericRange. Allows to pass number range regardless
+# of whether they are ints, floats and what size of ints are, which are
+# pointless in Python world. On the way back, no numeric range is casted to
+# NumericRange, but only to their subclasses
+
+class NumberRangeAdapter(RangeAdapter):
+    """Adapt a range if the subtype doesn't need quotes."""
+    def getquoted(self):
+        r = self.adapted
+        if r.isempty:
+            return b"'empty'"
+
+        if not r.lower_inf:
+            # not exactly: we are relying that none of these object is really
+            # quoted (they are numbers). Also, I'm lazy and not preparing the
+            # adapter because I assume encoding doesn't matter for these
+            # objects.
+            lower = adapt(r.lower).getquoted().decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            lower = ''
+
+        if not r.upper_inf:
+            upper = adapt(r.upper).getquoted().decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            upper = ''
+
+        return (f"'{r._bounds[0]}{lower},{upper}{r._bounds[1]}'").encode('ascii')
+
+
+# TODO: probably won't work with infs, nans and other tricky cases.
+register_adapter(NumericRange, NumberRangeAdapter)
+
+# Register globally typecasters and adapters for builtin range types.
+
+# note: the adapter is registered more than once, but this is harmless.
+int4range_caster = RangeCaster(NumberRangeAdapter, NumericRange,
+    oid=3904, subtype_oid=23, array_oid=3905)
+int4range_caster._register()
+
+int8range_caster = RangeCaster(NumberRangeAdapter, NumericRange,
+    oid=3926, subtype_oid=20, array_oid=3927)
+int8range_caster._register()
+
+numrange_caster = RangeCaster(NumberRangeAdapter, NumericRange,
+    oid=3906, subtype_oid=1700, array_oid=3907)
+numrange_caster._register()
+
+daterange_caster = RangeCaster('daterange', DateRange,
+    oid=3912, subtype_oid=1082, array_oid=3913)
+daterange_caster._register()
+
+tsrange_caster = RangeCaster('tsrange', DateTimeRange,
+    oid=3908, subtype_oid=1114, array_oid=3909)
+tsrange_caster._register()
+
+tstzrange_caster = RangeCaster('tstzrange', DateTimeTZRange,
+    oid=3910, subtype_oid=1184, array_oid=3911)
+tstzrange_caster._register()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errorcodes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errorcodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc9625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errorcodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+"""Error codes for PostgreSQL
+
+This module contains symbolic names for all PostgreSQL error codes.
+"""
+# psycopg2/errorcodes.py - PostgreSQL error codes
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2019 Johan Dahlin  <jdahlin@async.com.br>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+#
+# Based on:
+#
+#   https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
+#
+
+
+def lookup(code, _cache={}):
+    """Lookup an error code or class code and return its symbolic name.
+
+    Raise `KeyError` if the code is not found.
+    """
+    if _cache:
+        return _cache[code]
+
+    # Generate the lookup map at first usage.
+    tmp = {}
+    for k, v in globals().items():
+        if isinstance(v, str) and len(v) in (2, 5):
+            # Strip trailing underscore used to disambiguate duplicate values
+            tmp[v] = k.rstrip("_")
+
+    assert tmp
+
+    # Atomic update, to avoid race condition on import (bug #382)
+    _cache.update(tmp)
+
+    return _cache[code]
+
+
+# autogenerated data: do not edit below this point.
+
+# Error classes
+CLASS_SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION = '00'
+CLASS_WARNING = '01'
+CLASS_NO_DATA = '02'
+CLASS_SQL_STATEMENT_NOT_YET_COMPLETE = '03'
+CLASS_CONNECTION_EXCEPTION = '08'
+CLASS_TRIGGERED_ACTION_EXCEPTION = '09'
+CLASS_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = '0A'
+CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_INITIATION = '0B'
+CLASS_LOCATOR_EXCEPTION = '0F'
+CLASS_INVALID_GRANTOR = '0L'
+CLASS_INVALID_ROLE_SPECIFICATION = '0P'
+CLASS_DIAGNOSTICS_EXCEPTION = '0Z'
+CLASS_CASE_NOT_FOUND = '20'
+CLASS_CARDINALITY_VIOLATION = '21'
+CLASS_DATA_EXCEPTION = '22'
+CLASS_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '23'
+CLASS_INVALID_CURSOR_STATE = '24'
+CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE = '25'
+CLASS_INVALID_SQL_STATEMENT_NAME = '26'
+CLASS_TRIGGERED_DATA_CHANGE_VIOLATION = '27'
+CLASS_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION = '28'
+CLASS_DEPENDENT_PRIVILEGE_DESCRIPTORS_STILL_EXIST = '2B'
+CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_TERMINATION = '2D'
+CLASS_SQL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '2F'
+CLASS_INVALID_CURSOR_NAME = '34'
+CLASS_EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '38'
+CLASS_EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_INVOCATION_EXCEPTION = '39'
+CLASS_SAVEPOINT_EXCEPTION = '3B'
+CLASS_INVALID_CATALOG_NAME = '3D'
+CLASS_INVALID_SCHEMA_NAME = '3F'
+CLASS_TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = '40'
+CLASS_SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION = '42'
+CLASS_WITH_CHECK_OPTION_VIOLATION = '44'
+CLASS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = '53'
+CLASS_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '54'
+CLASS_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE = '55'
+CLASS_OPERATOR_INTERVENTION = '57'
+CLASS_SYSTEM_ERROR = '58'
+CLASS_SNAPSHOT_FAILURE = '72'
+CLASS_CONFIGURATION_FILE_ERROR = 'F0'
+CLASS_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER_ERROR = 'HV'
+CLASS_PL_PGSQL_ERROR = 'P0'
+CLASS_INTERNAL_ERROR = 'XX'
+
+# Class 00 - Successful Completion
+SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION = '00000'
+
+# Class 01 - Warning
+WARNING = '01000'
+NULL_VALUE_ELIMINATED_IN_SET_FUNCTION = '01003'
+STRING_DATA_RIGHT_TRUNCATION_ = '01004'
+PRIVILEGE_NOT_REVOKED = '01006'
+PRIVILEGE_NOT_GRANTED = '01007'
+IMPLICIT_ZERO_BIT_PADDING = '01008'
+DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS_RETURNED = '0100C'
+DEPRECATED_FEATURE = '01P01'
+
+# Class 02 - No Data (this is also a warning class per the SQL standard)
+NO_DATA = '02000'
+NO_ADDITIONAL_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS_RETURNED = '02001'
+
+# Class 03 - SQL Statement Not Yet Complete
+SQL_STATEMENT_NOT_YET_COMPLETE = '03000'
+
+# Class 08 - Connection Exception
+CONNECTION_EXCEPTION = '08000'
+SQLCLIENT_UNABLE_TO_ESTABLISH_SQLCONNECTION = '08001'
+CONNECTION_DOES_NOT_EXIST = '08003'
+SQLSERVER_REJECTED_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_SQLCONNECTION = '08004'
+CONNECTION_FAILURE = '08006'
+TRANSACTION_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN = '08007'
+PROTOCOL_VIOLATION = '08P01'
+
+# Class 09 - Triggered Action Exception
+TRIGGERED_ACTION_EXCEPTION = '09000'
+
+# Class 0A - Feature Not Supported
+FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = '0A000'
+
+# Class 0B - Invalid Transaction Initiation
+INVALID_TRANSACTION_INITIATION = '0B000'
+
+# Class 0F - Locator Exception
+LOCATOR_EXCEPTION = '0F000'
+INVALID_LOCATOR_SPECIFICATION = '0F001'
+
+# Class 0L - Invalid Grantor
+INVALID_GRANTOR = '0L000'
+INVALID_GRANT_OPERATION = '0LP01'
+
+# Class 0P - Invalid Role Specification
+INVALID_ROLE_SPECIFICATION = '0P000'
+
+# Class 0Z - Diagnostics Exception
+DIAGNOSTICS_EXCEPTION = '0Z000'
+STACKED_DIAGNOSTICS_ACCESSED_WITHOUT_ACTIVE_HANDLER = '0Z002'
+
+# Class 20 - Case Not Found
+CASE_NOT_FOUND = '20000'
+
+# Class 21 - Cardinality Violation
+CARDINALITY_VIOLATION = '21000'
+
+# Class 22 - Data Exception
+DATA_EXCEPTION = '22000'
+STRING_DATA_RIGHT_TRUNCATION = '22001'
+NULL_VALUE_NO_INDICATOR_PARAMETER = '22002'
+NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE = '22003'
+NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED_ = '22004'
+ERROR_IN_ASSIGNMENT = '22005'
+INVALID_DATETIME_FORMAT = '22007'
+DATETIME_FIELD_OVERFLOW = '22008'
+INVALID_TIME_ZONE_DISPLACEMENT_VALUE = '22009'
+ESCAPE_CHARACTER_CONFLICT = '2200B'
+INVALID_USE_OF_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '2200C'
+INVALID_ESCAPE_OCTET = '2200D'
+ZERO_LENGTH_CHARACTER_STRING = '2200F'
+MOST_SPECIFIC_TYPE_MISMATCH = '2200G'
+SEQUENCE_GENERATOR_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '2200H'
+NOT_AN_XML_DOCUMENT = '2200L'
+INVALID_XML_DOCUMENT = '2200M'
+INVALID_XML_CONTENT = '2200N'
+INVALID_XML_COMMENT = '2200S'
+INVALID_XML_PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION = '2200T'
+INVALID_INDICATOR_PARAMETER_VALUE = '22010'
+SUBSTRING_ERROR = '22011'
+DIVISION_BY_ZERO = '22012'
+INVALID_PRECEDING_OR_FOLLOWING_SIZE = '22013'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_NTILE_FUNCTION = '22014'
+INTERVAL_FIELD_OVERFLOW = '22015'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_NTH_VALUE_FUNCTION = '22016'
+INVALID_CHARACTER_VALUE_FOR_CAST = '22018'
+INVALID_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '22019'
+INVALID_REGULAR_EXPRESSION = '2201B'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_LOGARITHM = '2201E'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_POWER_FUNCTION = '2201F'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_WIDTH_BUCKET_FUNCTION = '2201G'
+INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_LIMIT_CLAUSE = '2201W'
+INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_RESULT_OFFSET_CLAUSE = '2201X'
+INVALID_LIMIT_VALUE = '22020'
+CHARACTER_NOT_IN_REPERTOIRE = '22021'
+INDICATOR_OVERFLOW = '22022'
+INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE = '22023'
+UNTERMINATED_C_STRING = '22024'
+INVALID_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE = '22025'
+STRING_DATA_LENGTH_MISMATCH = '22026'
+TRIM_ERROR = '22027'
+ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT_ERROR = '2202E'
+INVALID_TABLESAMPLE_REPEAT = '2202G'
+INVALID_TABLESAMPLE_ARGUMENT = '2202H'
+DUPLICATE_JSON_OBJECT_KEY_VALUE = '22030'
+INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_SQL_JSON_DATETIME_FUNCTION = '22031'
+INVALID_JSON_TEXT = '22032'
+INVALID_SQL_JSON_SUBSCRIPT = '22033'
+MORE_THAN_ONE_SQL_JSON_ITEM = '22034'
+NO_SQL_JSON_ITEM = '22035'
+NON_NUMERIC_SQL_JSON_ITEM = '22036'
+NON_UNIQUE_KEYS_IN_A_JSON_OBJECT = '22037'
+SINGLETON_SQL_JSON_ITEM_REQUIRED = '22038'
+SQL_JSON_ARRAY_NOT_FOUND = '22039'
+SQL_JSON_MEMBER_NOT_FOUND = '2203A'
+SQL_JSON_NUMBER_NOT_FOUND = '2203B'
+SQL_JSON_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND = '2203C'
+TOO_MANY_JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS = '2203D'
+TOO_MANY_JSON_OBJECT_MEMBERS = '2203E'
+SQL_JSON_SCALAR_REQUIRED = '2203F'
+SQL_JSON_ITEM_CANNOT_BE_CAST_TO_TARGET_TYPE = '2203G'
+FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION = '22P01'
+INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION = '22P02'
+INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION = '22P03'
+BAD_COPY_FILE_FORMAT = '22P04'
+UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER = '22P05'
+NONSTANDARD_USE_OF_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '22P06'
+
+# Class 23 - Integrity Constraint Violation
+INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '23000'
+RESTRICT_VIOLATION = '23001'
+NOT_NULL_VIOLATION = '23502'
+FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION = '23503'
+UNIQUE_VIOLATION = '23505'
+CHECK_VIOLATION = '23514'
+EXCLUSION_VIOLATION = '23P01'
+
+# Class 24 - Invalid Cursor State
+INVALID_CURSOR_STATE = '24000'
+
+# Class 25 - Invalid Transaction State
+INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE = '25000'
+ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25001'
+BRANCH_TRANSACTION_ALREADY_ACTIVE = '25002'
+INAPPROPRIATE_ACCESS_MODE_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25003'
+INAPPROPRIATE_ISOLATION_LEVEL_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25004'
+NO_ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25005'
+READ_ONLY_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25006'
+SCHEMA_AND_DATA_STATEMENT_MIXING_NOT_SUPPORTED = '25007'
+HELD_CURSOR_REQUIRES_SAME_ISOLATION_LEVEL = '25008'
+NO_ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25P01'
+IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25P02'
+IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT = '25P03'
+TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT = '25P04'
+
+# Class 26 - Invalid SQL Statement Name
+INVALID_SQL_STATEMENT_NAME = '26000'
+
+# Class 27 - Triggered Data Change Violation
+TRIGGERED_DATA_CHANGE_VIOLATION = '27000'
+
+# Class 28 - Invalid Authorization Specification
+INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION = '28000'
+INVALID_PASSWORD = '28P01'
+
+# Class 2B - Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
+DEPENDENT_PRIVILEGE_DESCRIPTORS_STILL_EXIST = '2B000'
+DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST = '2BP01'
+
+# Class 2D - Invalid Transaction Termination
+INVALID_TRANSACTION_TERMINATION = '2D000'
+
+# Class 2F - SQL Routine Exception
+SQL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '2F000'
+MODIFYING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED_ = '2F002'
+PROHIBITED_SQL_STATEMENT_ATTEMPTED_ = '2F003'
+READING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED_ = '2F004'
+FUNCTION_EXECUTED_NO_RETURN_STATEMENT = '2F005'
+
+# Class 34 - Invalid Cursor Name
+INVALID_CURSOR_NAME = '34000'
+
+# Class 38 - External Routine Exception
+EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '38000'
+CONTAINING_SQL_NOT_PERMITTED = '38001'
+MODIFYING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '38002'
+PROHIBITED_SQL_STATEMENT_ATTEMPTED = '38003'
+READING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '38004'
+
+# Class 39 - External Routine Invocation Exception
+EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_INVOCATION_EXCEPTION = '39000'
+INVALID_SQLSTATE_RETURNED = '39001'
+NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED = '39004'
+TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED = '39P01'
+SRF_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED = '39P02'
+EVENT_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED = '39P03'
+
+# Class 3B - Savepoint Exception
+SAVEPOINT_EXCEPTION = '3B000'
+INVALID_SAVEPOINT_SPECIFICATION = '3B001'
+
+# Class 3D - Invalid Catalog Name
+INVALID_CATALOG_NAME = '3D000'
+
+# Class 3F - Invalid Schema Name
+INVALID_SCHEMA_NAME = '3F000'
+
+# Class 40 - Transaction Rollback
+TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = '40000'
+SERIALIZATION_FAILURE = '40001'
+TRANSACTION_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '40002'
+STATEMENT_COMPLETION_UNKNOWN = '40003'
+DEADLOCK_DETECTED = '40P01'
+
+# Class 42 - Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
+SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION = '42000'
+INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE = '42501'
+SYNTAX_ERROR = '42601'
+INVALID_NAME = '42602'
+INVALID_COLUMN_DEFINITION = '42611'
+NAME_TOO_LONG = '42622'
+DUPLICATE_COLUMN = '42701'
+AMBIGUOUS_COLUMN = '42702'
+UNDEFINED_COLUMN = '42703'
+UNDEFINED_OBJECT = '42704'
+DUPLICATE_OBJECT = '42710'
+DUPLICATE_ALIAS = '42712'
+DUPLICATE_FUNCTION = '42723'
+AMBIGUOUS_FUNCTION = '42725'
+GROUPING_ERROR = '42803'
+DATATYPE_MISMATCH = '42804'
+WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE = '42809'
+INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY = '42830'
+CANNOT_COERCE = '42846'
+UNDEFINED_FUNCTION = '42883'
+GENERATED_ALWAYS = '428C9'
+RESERVED_NAME = '42939'
+UNDEFINED_TABLE = '42P01'
+UNDEFINED_PARAMETER = '42P02'
+DUPLICATE_CURSOR = '42P03'
+DUPLICATE_DATABASE = '42P04'
+DUPLICATE_PREPARED_STATEMENT = '42P05'
+DUPLICATE_SCHEMA = '42P06'
+DUPLICATE_TABLE = '42P07'
+AMBIGUOUS_PARAMETER = '42P08'
+AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS = '42P09'
+INVALID_COLUMN_REFERENCE = '42P10'
+INVALID_CURSOR_DEFINITION = '42P11'
+INVALID_DATABASE_DEFINITION = '42P12'
+INVALID_FUNCTION_DEFINITION = '42P13'
+INVALID_PREPARED_STATEMENT_DEFINITION = '42P14'
+INVALID_SCHEMA_DEFINITION = '42P15'
+INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION = '42P16'
+INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION = '42P17'
+INDETERMINATE_DATATYPE = '42P18'
+INVALID_RECURSION = '42P19'
+WINDOWING_ERROR = '42P20'
+COLLATION_MISMATCH = '42P21'
+INDETERMINATE_COLLATION = '42P22'
+
+# Class 44 - WITH CHECK OPTION Violation
+WITH_CHECK_OPTION_VIOLATION = '44000'
+
+# Class 53 - Insufficient Resources
+INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = '53000'
+DISK_FULL = '53100'
+OUT_OF_MEMORY = '53200'
+TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS = '53300'
+CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '53400'
+
+# Class 54 - Program Limit Exceeded
+PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '54000'
+STATEMENT_TOO_COMPLEX = '54001'
+TOO_MANY_COLUMNS = '54011'
+TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS = '54023'
+
+# Class 55 - Object Not In Prerequisite State
+OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE = '55000'
+OBJECT_IN_USE = '55006'
+CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM = '55P02'
+LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE = '55P03'
+UNSAFE_NEW_ENUM_VALUE_USAGE = '55P04'
+
+# Class 57 - Operator Intervention
+OPERATOR_INTERVENTION = '57000'
+QUERY_CANCELED = '57014'
+ADMIN_SHUTDOWN = '57P01'
+CRASH_SHUTDOWN = '57P02'
+CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW = '57P03'
+DATABASE_DROPPED = '57P04'
+IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT = '57P05'
+
+# Class 58 - System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL itself)
+SYSTEM_ERROR = '58000'
+IO_ERROR = '58030'
+UNDEFINED_FILE = '58P01'
+DUPLICATE_FILE = '58P02'
+
+# Class 72 - Snapshot Failure
+SNAPSHOT_TOO_OLD = '72000'
+
+# Class F0 - Configuration File Error
+CONFIG_FILE_ERROR = 'F0000'
+LOCK_FILE_EXISTS = 'F0001'
+
+# Class HV - Foreign Data Wrapper Error (SQL/MED)
+FDW_ERROR = 'HV000'
+FDW_OUT_OF_MEMORY = 'HV001'
+FDW_DYNAMIC_PARAMETER_VALUE_NEEDED = 'HV002'
+FDW_INVALID_DATA_TYPE = 'HV004'
+FDW_COLUMN_NAME_NOT_FOUND = 'HV005'
+FDW_INVALID_DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTORS = 'HV006'
+FDW_INVALID_COLUMN_NAME = 'HV007'
+FDW_INVALID_COLUMN_NUMBER = 'HV008'
+FDW_INVALID_USE_OF_NULL_POINTER = 'HV009'
+FDW_INVALID_STRING_FORMAT = 'HV00A'
+FDW_INVALID_HANDLE = 'HV00B'
+FDW_INVALID_OPTION_INDEX = 'HV00C'
+FDW_INVALID_OPTION_NAME = 'HV00D'
+FDW_OPTION_NAME_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00J'
+FDW_REPLY_HANDLE = 'HV00K'
+FDW_UNABLE_TO_CREATE_EXECUTION = 'HV00L'
+FDW_UNABLE_TO_CREATE_REPLY = 'HV00M'
+FDW_UNABLE_TO_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION = 'HV00N'
+FDW_NO_SCHEMAS = 'HV00P'
+FDW_SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00Q'
+FDW_TABLE_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00R'
+FDW_FUNCTION_SEQUENCE_ERROR = 'HV010'
+FDW_TOO_MANY_HANDLES = 'HV014'
+FDW_INCONSISTENT_DESCRIPTOR_INFORMATION = 'HV021'
+FDW_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE = 'HV024'
+FDW_INVALID_STRING_LENGTH_OR_BUFFER_LENGTH = 'HV090'
+FDW_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR_FIELD_IDENTIFIER = 'HV091'
+
+# Class P0 - PL/pgSQL Error
+PLPGSQL_ERROR = 'P0000'
+RAISE_EXCEPTION = 'P0001'
+NO_DATA_FOUND = 'P0002'
+TOO_MANY_ROWS = 'P0003'
+ASSERT_FAILURE = 'P0004'
+
+# Class XX - Internal Error
+INTERNAL_ERROR = 'XX000'
+DATA_CORRUPTED = 'XX001'
+INDEX_CORRUPTED = 'XX002'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4e47f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Error classes for PostgreSQL error codes
+"""
+
+# psycopg/errors.py - SQLSTATE and DB-API exceptions
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+#
+# NOTE: the exceptions are injected into this module by the C extention.
+#
+
+
+def lookup(code):
+    """Lookup an error code and return its exception class.
+
+    Raise `!KeyError` if the code is not found.
+    """
+    from psycopg2._psycopg import sqlstate_errors   # avoid circular import
+    return sqlstate_errors[code]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extensions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b938d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+"""psycopg extensions to the DBAPI-2.0
+
+This module holds all the extensions to the DBAPI-2.0 provided by psycopg.
+
+- `connection` -- the new-type inheritable connection class
+- `cursor` -- the new-type inheritable cursor class
+- `lobject` -- the new-type inheritable large object class
+- `adapt()` -- exposes the PEP-246_ compatible adapting mechanism used
+  by psycopg to adapt Python types to PostgreSQL ones
+
+.. _PEP-246: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0246/
+"""
+# psycopg/extensions.py - DBAPI-2.0 extensions specific to psycopg
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Federico Di Gregorio  <fog@debian.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import re as _re
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import (                             # noqa
+    BINARYARRAY, BOOLEAN, BOOLEANARRAY, BYTES, BYTESARRAY, DATE, DATEARRAY,
+    DATETIMEARRAY, DECIMAL, DECIMALARRAY, FLOAT, FLOATARRAY, INTEGER,
+    INTEGERARRAY, INTERVAL, INTERVALARRAY, LONGINTEGER, LONGINTEGERARRAY,
+    ROWIDARRAY, STRINGARRAY, TIME, TIMEARRAY, UNICODE, UNICODEARRAY,
+    AsIs, Binary, Boolean, Float, Int, QuotedString, )
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import (                         # noqa
+    PYDATE, PYDATETIME, PYDATETIMETZ, PYINTERVAL, PYTIME, PYDATEARRAY,
+    PYDATETIMEARRAY, PYDATETIMETZARRAY, PYINTERVALARRAY, PYTIMEARRAY,
+    DateFromPy, TimeFromPy, TimestampFromPy, IntervalFromPy, )
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import (                             # noqa
+    adapt, adapters, encodings, connection, cursor,
+    lobject, Xid, libpq_version, parse_dsn, quote_ident,
+    string_types, binary_types, new_type, new_array_type, register_type,
+    ISQLQuote, Notify, Diagnostics, Column, ConnectionInfo,
+    QueryCanceledError, TransactionRollbackError,
+    set_wait_callback, get_wait_callback, encrypt_password, )
+
+
+"""Isolation level values."""
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT = 0
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 4
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED = 1
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ = 2
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE = 3
+ISOLATION_LEVEL_DEFAULT = None
+
+
+"""psycopg connection status values."""
+STATUS_SETUP = 0
+STATUS_READY = 1
+STATUS_BEGIN = 2
+STATUS_SYNC = 3  # currently unused
+STATUS_ASYNC = 4  # currently unused
+STATUS_PREPARED = 5
+
+# This is a useful mnemonic to check if the connection is in a transaction
+STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION = STATUS_BEGIN
+
+
+"""psycopg asynchronous connection polling values"""
+POLL_OK = 0
+POLL_READ = 1
+POLL_WRITE = 2
+POLL_ERROR = 3
+
+
+"""Backend transaction status values."""
+TRANSACTION_STATUS_IDLE = 0
+TRANSACTION_STATUS_ACTIVE = 1
+TRANSACTION_STATUS_INTRANS = 2
+TRANSACTION_STATUS_INERROR = 3
+TRANSACTION_STATUS_UNKNOWN = 4
+
+
+def register_adapter(typ, callable):
+    """Register 'callable' as an ISQLQuote adapter for type 'typ'."""
+    adapters[(typ, ISQLQuote)] = callable
+
+
+# The SQL_IN class is the official adapter for tuples starting from 2.0.6.
+class SQL_IN:
+    """Adapt any iterable to an SQL quotable object."""
+    def __init__(self, seq):
+        self._seq = seq
+        self._conn = None
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        self._conn = conn
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        # this is the important line: note how every object in the
+        # list is adapted and then how getquoted() is called on it
+        pobjs = [adapt(o) for o in self._seq]
+        if self._conn is not None:
+            for obj in pobjs:
+                if hasattr(obj, 'prepare'):
+                    obj.prepare(self._conn)
+        qobjs = [o.getquoted() for o in pobjs]
+        return b'(' + b', '.join(qobjs) + b')'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.getquoted())
+
+
+class NoneAdapter:
+    """Adapt None to NULL.
+
+    This adapter is not used normally as a fast path in mogrify uses NULL,
+    but it makes easier to adapt composite types.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, obj):
+        pass
+
+    def getquoted(self, _null=b"NULL"):
+        return _null
+
+
+def make_dsn(dsn=None, **kwargs):
+    """Convert a set of keywords into a connection strings."""
+    if dsn is None and not kwargs:
+        return ''
+
+    # If no kwarg is specified don't mung the dsn, but verify it
+    if not kwargs:
+        parse_dsn(dsn)
+        return dsn
+
+    # Override the dsn with the parameters
+    if 'database' in kwargs:
+        if 'dbname' in kwargs:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "you can't specify both 'database' and 'dbname' arguments")
+        kwargs['dbname'] = kwargs.pop('database')
+
+    # Drop the None arguments
+    kwargs = {k: v for (k, v) in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+    if dsn is not None:
+        tmp = parse_dsn(dsn)
+        tmp.update(kwargs)
+        kwargs = tmp
+
+    dsn = " ".join(["{}={}".format(k, _param_escape(str(v)))
+        for (k, v) in kwargs.items()])
+
+    # verify that the returned dsn is valid
+    parse_dsn(dsn)
+
+    return dsn
+
+
+def _param_escape(s,
+        re_escape=_re.compile(r"([\\'])"),
+        re_space=_re.compile(r'\s')):
+    """
+    Apply the escaping rule required by PQconnectdb
+    """
+    if not s:
+        return "''"
+
+    s = re_escape.sub(r'\\\1', s)
+    if re_space.search(s):
+        s = "'" + s + "'"
+
+    return s
+
+
+# Create default json typecasters for PostgreSQL 9.2 oids
+from psycopg2._json import register_default_json, register_default_jsonb    # noqa
+
+try:
+    JSON, JSONARRAY = register_default_json()
+    JSONB, JSONBARRAY = register_default_jsonb()
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+del register_default_json, register_default_jsonb
+
+
+# Create default Range typecasters
+from psycopg2. _range import Range                              # noqa
+del Range
+
+
+# Add the "cleaned" version of the encodings to the key.
+# When the encoding is set its name is cleaned up from - and _ and turned
+# uppercase, so an encoding not respecting these rules wouldn't be found in the
+# encodings keys and would raise an exception with the unicode typecaster
+for k, v in list(encodings.items()):
+    k = k.replace('_', '').replace('-', '').upper()
+    encodings[k] = v
+
+del k, v
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extras.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extras.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36e8ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/extras.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1340 @@
+"""Miscellaneous goodies for psycopg2
+
+This module is a generic place used to hold little helper functions
+and classes until a better place in the distribution is found.
+"""
+# psycopg/extras.py - miscellaneous extra goodies for psycopg
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Federico Di Gregorio  <fog@debian.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import os as _os
+import time as _time
+import re as _re
+from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
+
+import logging as _logging
+
+import psycopg2
+from psycopg2 import extensions as _ext
+from .extensions import cursor as _cursor
+from .extensions import connection as _connection
+from .extensions import adapt as _A, quote_ident
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from psycopg2._psycopg import (                             # noqa
+    REPLICATION_PHYSICAL, REPLICATION_LOGICAL,
+    ReplicationConnection as _replicationConnection,
+    ReplicationCursor as _replicationCursor,
+    ReplicationMessage)
+
+
+# expose the json adaptation stuff into the module
+from psycopg2._json import (                                # noqa
+    json, Json, register_json, register_default_json, register_default_jsonb)
+
+
+# Expose range-related objects
+from psycopg2._range import (                               # noqa
+    Range, NumericRange, DateRange, DateTimeRange, DateTimeTZRange,
+    register_range, RangeAdapter, RangeCaster)
+
+
+# Expose ipaddress-related objects
+from psycopg2._ipaddress import register_ipaddress          # noqa
+
+
+class DictCursorBase(_cursor):
+    """Base class for all dict-like cursors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if 'row_factory' in kwargs:
+            row_factory = kwargs['row_factory']
+            del kwargs['row_factory']
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "DictCursorBase can't be instantiated without a row factory.")
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._query_executed = False
+        self._prefetch = False
+        self.row_factory = row_factory
+
+    def fetchone(self):
+        if self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchone()
+        if self._query_executed:
+            self._build_index()
+        if not self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchone()
+        return res
+
+    def fetchmany(self, size=None):
+        if self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchmany(size)
+        if self._query_executed:
+            self._build_index()
+        if not self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchmany(size)
+        return res
+
+    def fetchall(self):
+        if self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchall()
+        if self._query_executed:
+            self._build_index()
+        if not self._prefetch:
+            res = super().fetchall()
+        return res
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        try:
+            if self._prefetch:
+                res = super().__iter__()
+                first = next(res)
+            if self._query_executed:
+                self._build_index()
+            if not self._prefetch:
+                res = super().__iter__()
+                first = next(res)
+
+            yield first
+            while True:
+                yield next(res)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+
+
+class DictConnection(_connection):
+    """A connection that uses `DictCursor` automatically."""
+    def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('cursor_factory', self.cursor_factory or DictCursor)
+        return super().cursor(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class DictCursor(DictCursorBase):
+    """A cursor that keeps a list of column name -> index mappings__.
+
+    .. __: https://docs.python.org/glossary.html#term-mapping
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['row_factory'] = DictRow
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._prefetch = True
+
+    def execute(self, query, vars=None):
+        self.index = OrderedDict()
+        self._query_executed = True
+        return super().execute(query, vars)
+
+    def callproc(self, procname, vars=None):
+        self.index = OrderedDict()
+        self._query_executed = True
+        return super().callproc(procname, vars)
+
+    def _build_index(self):
+        if self._query_executed and self.description:
+            for i in range(len(self.description)):
+                self.index[self.description[i][0]] = i
+            self._query_executed = False
+
+
+class DictRow(list):
+    """A row object that allow by-column-name access to data."""
+
+    __slots__ = ('_index',)
+
+    def __init__(self, cursor):
+        self._index = cursor.index
+        self[:] = [None] * len(cursor.description)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, x):
+        if not isinstance(x, (int, slice)):
+            x = self._index[x]
+        return super().__getitem__(x)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, x, v):
+        if not isinstance(x, (int, slice)):
+            x = self._index[x]
+        super().__setitem__(x, v)
+
+    def items(self):
+        g = super().__getitem__
+        return ((n, g(self._index[n])) for n in self._index)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return iter(self._index)
+
+    def values(self):
+        g = super().__getitem__
+        return (g(self._index[n]) for n in self._index)
+
+    def get(self, x, default=None):
+        try:
+            return self[x]
+        except Exception:
+            return default
+
+    def copy(self):
+        return OrderedDict(self.items())
+
+    def __contains__(self, x):
+        return x in self._index
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # this is apparently useless, but it fixes #1073
+        return super().__reduce__()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self[:], self._index.copy()
+
+    def __setstate__(self, data):
+        self[:] = data[0]
+        self._index = data[1]
+
+
+class RealDictConnection(_connection):
+    """A connection that uses `RealDictCursor` automatically."""
+    def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('cursor_factory', self.cursor_factory or RealDictCursor)
+        return super().cursor(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class RealDictCursor(DictCursorBase):
+    """A cursor that uses a real dict as the base type for rows.
+
+    Note that this cursor is extremely specialized and does not allow
+    the normal access (using integer indices) to fetched data. If you need
+    to access database rows both as a dictionary and a list, then use
+    the generic `DictCursor` instead of `!RealDictCursor`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['row_factory'] = RealDictRow
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def execute(self, query, vars=None):
+        self.column_mapping = []
+        self._query_executed = True
+        return super().execute(query, vars)
+
+    def callproc(self, procname, vars=None):
+        self.column_mapping = []
+        self._query_executed = True
+        return super().callproc(procname, vars)
+
+    def _build_index(self):
+        if self._query_executed and self.description:
+            self.column_mapping = [d[0] for d in self.description]
+            self._query_executed = False
+
+
+class RealDictRow(OrderedDict):
+    """A `!dict` subclass representing a data record."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if args and isinstance(args[0], _cursor):
+            cursor = args[0]
+            args = args[1:]
+        else:
+            cursor = None
+
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if cursor is not None:
+            # Required for named cursors
+            if cursor.description and not cursor.column_mapping:
+                cursor._build_index()
+
+            # Store the cols mapping in the dict itself until the row is fully
+            # populated, so we don't need to add attributes to the class
+            # (hence keeping its maintenance, special pickle support, etc.)
+            self[RealDictRow] = cursor.column_mapping
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if RealDictRow in self:
+            # We are in the row building phase
+            mapping = self[RealDictRow]
+            super().__setitem__(mapping[key], value)
+            if key == len(mapping) - 1:
+                # Row building finished
+                del self[RealDictRow]
+            return
+
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+
+class NamedTupleConnection(_connection):
+    """A connection that uses `NamedTupleCursor` automatically."""
+    def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('cursor_factory', self.cursor_factory or NamedTupleCursor)
+        return super().cursor(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class NamedTupleCursor(_cursor):
+    """A cursor that generates results as `~collections.namedtuple`.
+
+    `!fetch*()` methods will return named tuples instead of regular tuples, so
+    their elements can be accessed both as regular numeric items as well as
+    attributes.
+
+        >>> nt_cur = conn.cursor(cursor_factory=psycopg2.extras.NamedTupleCursor)
+        >>> rec = nt_cur.fetchone()
+        >>> rec
+        Record(id=1, num=100, data="abc'def")
+        >>> rec[1]
+        100
+        >>> rec.data
+        "abc'def"
+    """
+    Record = None
+    MAX_CACHE = 1024
+
+    def execute(self, query, vars=None):
+        self.Record = None
+        return super().execute(query, vars)
+
+    def executemany(self, query, vars):
+        self.Record = None
+        return super().executemany(query, vars)
+
+    def callproc(self, procname, vars=None):
+        self.Record = None
+        return super().callproc(procname, vars)
+
+    def fetchone(self):
+        t = super().fetchone()
+        if t is not None:
+            nt = self.Record
+            if nt is None:
+                nt = self.Record = self._make_nt()
+            return nt._make(t)
+
+    def fetchmany(self, size=None):
+        ts = super().fetchmany(size)
+        nt = self.Record
+        if nt is None:
+            nt = self.Record = self._make_nt()
+        return list(map(nt._make, ts))
+
+    def fetchall(self):
+        ts = super().fetchall()
+        nt = self.Record
+        if nt is None:
+            nt = self.Record = self._make_nt()
+        return list(map(nt._make, ts))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        try:
+            it = super().__iter__()
+            t = next(it)
+
+            nt = self.Record
+            if nt is None:
+                nt = self.Record = self._make_nt()
+
+            yield nt._make(t)
+
+            while True:
+                yield nt._make(next(it))
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+
+    def _make_nt(self):
+        key = tuple(d[0] for d in self.description) if self.description else ()
+        return self._cached_make_nt(key)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _do_make_nt(cls, key):
+        fields = []
+        for s in key:
+            s = _re_clean.sub('_', s)
+            # Python identifier cannot start with numbers, namedtuple fields
+            # cannot start with underscore. So...
+            if s[0] == '_' or '0' <= s[0] <= '9':
+                s = 'f' + s
+            fields.append(s)
+
+        nt = namedtuple("Record", fields)
+        return nt
+
+
+@lru_cache(512)
+def _cached_make_nt(cls, key):
+    return cls._do_make_nt(key)
+
+
+# Exposed for testability, and if someone wants to monkeypatch to tweak
+# the cache size.
+NamedTupleCursor._cached_make_nt = classmethod(_cached_make_nt)
+
+
+class LoggingConnection(_connection):
+    """A connection that logs all queries to a file or logger__ object.
+
+    .. __: https://docs.python.org/library/logging.html
+    """
+
+    def initialize(self, logobj):
+        """Initialize the connection to log to `!logobj`.
+
+        The `!logobj` parameter can be an open file object or a Logger/LoggerAdapter
+        instance from the standard logging module.
+        """
+        self._logobj = logobj
+        if _logging and isinstance(
+                logobj, (_logging.Logger, _logging.LoggerAdapter)):
+            self.log = self._logtologger
+        else:
+            self.log = self._logtofile
+
+    def filter(self, msg, curs):
+        """Filter the query before logging it.
+
+        This is the method to overwrite to filter unwanted queries out of the
+        log or to add some extra data to the output. The default implementation
+        just does nothing.
+        """
+        return msg
+
+    def _logtofile(self, msg, curs):
+        msg = self.filter(msg, curs)
+        if msg:
+            if isinstance(msg, bytes):
+                msg = msg.decode(_ext.encodings[self.encoding], 'replace')
+            self._logobj.write(msg + _os.linesep)
+
+    def _logtologger(self, msg, curs):
+        msg = self.filter(msg, curs)
+        if msg:
+            self._logobj.debug(msg)
+
+    def _check(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, '_logobj'):
+            raise self.ProgrammingError(
+                "LoggingConnection object has not been initialize()d")
+
+    def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._check()
+        kwargs.setdefault('cursor_factory', self.cursor_factory or LoggingCursor)
+        return super().cursor(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class LoggingCursor(_cursor):
+    """A cursor that logs queries using its connection logging facilities."""
+
+    def execute(self, query, vars=None):
+        try:
+            return super().execute(query, vars)
+        finally:
+            self.connection.log(self.query, self)
+
+    def callproc(self, procname, vars=None):
+        try:
+            return super().callproc(procname, vars)
+        finally:
+            self.connection.log(self.query, self)
+
+
+class MinTimeLoggingConnection(LoggingConnection):
+    """A connection that logs queries based on execution time.
+
+    This is just an example of how to sub-class `LoggingConnection` to
+    provide some extra filtering for the logged queries. Both the
+    `initialize()` and `filter()` methods are overwritten to make sure
+    that only queries executing for more than ``mintime`` ms are logged.
+
+    Note that this connection uses the specialized cursor
+    `MinTimeLoggingCursor`.
+    """
+    def initialize(self, logobj, mintime=0):
+        LoggingConnection.initialize(self, logobj)
+        self._mintime = mintime
+
+    def filter(self, msg, curs):
+        t = (_time.time() - curs.timestamp) * 1000
+        if t > self._mintime:
+            if isinstance(msg, bytes):
+                msg = msg.decode(_ext.encodings[self.encoding], 'replace')
+            return f"{msg}{_os.linesep}  (execution time: {t} ms)"
+
+    def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('cursor_factory',
+            self.cursor_factory or MinTimeLoggingCursor)
+        return LoggingConnection.cursor(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class MinTimeLoggingCursor(LoggingCursor):
+    """The cursor sub-class companion to `MinTimeLoggingConnection`."""
+
+    def execute(self, query, vars=None):
+        self.timestamp = _time.time()
+        return LoggingCursor.execute(self, query, vars)
+
+    def callproc(self, procname, vars=None):
+        self.timestamp = _time.time()
+        return LoggingCursor.callproc(self, procname, vars)
+
+
+class LogicalReplicationConnection(_replicationConnection):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['replication_type'] = REPLICATION_LOGICAL
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class PhysicalReplicationConnection(_replicationConnection):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['replication_type'] = REPLICATION_PHYSICAL
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class StopReplication(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception used to break out of the endless loop in
+    `~ReplicationCursor.consume_stream()`.
+
+    Subclass of `~exceptions.Exception`.  Intentionally *not* inherited from
+    `~psycopg2.Error` as occurrence of this exception does not indicate an
+    error.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class ReplicationCursor(_replicationCursor):
+    """A cursor used for communication on replication connections."""
+
+    def create_replication_slot(self, slot_name, slot_type=None, output_plugin=None):
+        """Create streaming replication slot."""
+
+        command = f"CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT {quote_ident(slot_name, self)} "
+
+        if slot_type is None:
+            slot_type = self.connection.replication_type
+
+        if slot_type == REPLICATION_LOGICAL:
+            if output_plugin is None:
+                raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                    "output plugin name is required to create "
+                    "logical replication slot")
+
+            command += f"LOGICAL {quote_ident(output_plugin, self)}"
+
+        elif slot_type == REPLICATION_PHYSICAL:
+            if output_plugin is not None:
+                raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                    "cannot specify output plugin name when creating "
+                    "physical replication slot")
+
+            command += "PHYSICAL"
+
+        else:
+            raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                f"unrecognized replication type: {repr(slot_type)}")
+
+        self.execute(command)
+
+    def drop_replication_slot(self, slot_name):
+        """Drop streaming replication slot."""
+
+        command = f"DROP_REPLICATION_SLOT {quote_ident(slot_name, self)}"
+        self.execute(command)
+
+    def start_replication(
+            self, slot_name=None, slot_type=None, start_lsn=0,
+            timeline=0, options=None, decode=False, status_interval=10):
+        """Start replication stream."""
+
+        command = "START_REPLICATION "
+
+        if slot_type is None:
+            slot_type = self.connection.replication_type
+
+        if slot_type == REPLICATION_LOGICAL:
+            if slot_name:
+                command += f"SLOT {quote_ident(slot_name, self)} "
+            else:
+                raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                    "slot name is required for logical replication")
+
+            command += "LOGICAL "
+
+        elif slot_type == REPLICATION_PHYSICAL:
+            if slot_name:
+                command += f"SLOT {quote_ident(slot_name, self)} "
+            # don't add "PHYSICAL", before 9.4 it was just START_REPLICATION XXX/XXX
+
+        else:
+            raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                f"unrecognized replication type: {repr(slot_type)}")
+
+        if type(start_lsn) is str:
+            lsn = start_lsn.split('/')
+            lsn = f"{int(lsn[0], 16):X}/{int(lsn[1], 16):08X}"
+        else:
+            lsn = f"{start_lsn >> 32 & 4294967295:X}/{start_lsn & 4294967295:08X}"
+
+        command += lsn
+
+        if timeline != 0:
+            if slot_type == REPLICATION_LOGICAL:
+                raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                    "cannot specify timeline for logical replication")
+
+            command += f" TIMELINE {timeline}"
+
+        if options:
+            if slot_type == REPLICATION_PHYSICAL:
+                raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                    "cannot specify output plugin options for physical replication")
+
+            command += " ("
+            for k, v in options.items():
+                if not command.endswith('('):
+                    command += ", "
+                command += f"{quote_ident(k, self)} {_A(str(v))}"
+            command += ")"
+
+        self.start_replication_expert(
+            command, decode=decode, status_interval=status_interval)
+
+    # allows replication cursors to be used in select.select() directly
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.connection.fileno()
+
+
+# a dbtype and adapter for Python UUID type
+
+class UUID_adapter:
+    """Adapt Python's uuid.UUID__ type to PostgreSQL's uuid__.
+
+    .. __: https://docs.python.org/library/uuid.html
+    .. __: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/datatype-uuid.html
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uuid):
+        self._uuid = uuid
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        if proto is _ext.ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        return (f"'{self._uuid}'::uuid").encode('utf8')
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"'{self._uuid}'::uuid"
+
+
+def register_uuid(oids=None, conn_or_curs=None):
+    """Create the UUID type and an uuid.UUID adapter.
+
+    :param oids: oid for the PostgreSQL :sql:`uuid` type, or 2-items sequence
+        with oids of the type and the array. If not specified, use PostgreSQL
+        standard oids.
+    :param conn_or_curs: where to register the typecaster. If not specified,
+        register it globally.
+    """
+
+    import uuid
+
+    if not oids:
+        oid1 = 2950
+        oid2 = 2951
+    elif isinstance(oids, (list, tuple)):
+        oid1, oid2 = oids
+    else:
+        oid1 = oids
+        oid2 = 2951
+
+    _ext.UUID = _ext.new_type((oid1, ), "UUID",
+            lambda data, cursor: data and uuid.UUID(data) or None)
+    _ext.UUIDARRAY = _ext.new_array_type((oid2,), "UUID[]", _ext.UUID)
+
+    _ext.register_type(_ext.UUID, conn_or_curs)
+    _ext.register_type(_ext.UUIDARRAY, conn_or_curs)
+    _ext.register_adapter(uuid.UUID, UUID_adapter)
+
+    return _ext.UUID
+
+
+# a type, dbtype and adapter for PostgreSQL inet type
+
+class Inet:
+    """Wrap a string to allow for correct SQL-quoting of inet values.
+
+    Note that this adapter does NOT check the passed value to make
+    sure it really is an inet-compatible address but DOES call adapt()
+    on it to make sure it is impossible to execute an SQL-injection
+    by passing an evil value to the initializer.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, addr):
+        self.addr = addr
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.addr!r})"
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        self._conn = conn
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        obj = _A(self.addr)
+        if hasattr(obj, 'prepare'):
+            obj.prepare(self._conn)
+        return obj.getquoted() + b"::inet"
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        if proto is _ext.ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.addr)
+
+
+def register_inet(oid=None, conn_or_curs=None):
+    """Create the INET type and an Inet adapter.
+
+    :param oid: oid for the PostgreSQL :sql:`inet` type, or 2-items sequence
+        with oids of the type and the array. If not specified, use PostgreSQL
+        standard oids.
+    :param conn_or_curs: where to register the typecaster. If not specified,
+        register it globally.
+    """
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn(
+        "the inet adapter is deprecated, it's not very useful",
+        DeprecationWarning)
+
+    if not oid:
+        oid1 = 869
+        oid2 = 1041
+    elif isinstance(oid, (list, tuple)):
+        oid1, oid2 = oid
+    else:
+        oid1 = oid
+        oid2 = 1041
+
+    _ext.INET = _ext.new_type((oid1, ), "INET",
+            lambda data, cursor: data and Inet(data) or None)
+    _ext.INETARRAY = _ext.new_array_type((oid2, ), "INETARRAY", _ext.INET)
+
+    _ext.register_type(_ext.INET, conn_or_curs)
+    _ext.register_type(_ext.INETARRAY, conn_or_curs)
+
+    return _ext.INET
+
+
+def wait_select(conn):
+    """Wait until a connection or cursor has data available.
+
+    The function is an example of a wait callback to be registered with
+    `~psycopg2.extensions.set_wait_callback()`. This function uses
+    :py:func:`~select.select()` to wait for data to become available, and
+    therefore is able to handle/receive SIGINT/KeyboardInterrupt.
+    """
+    import select
+    from psycopg2.extensions import POLL_OK, POLL_READ, POLL_WRITE
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            state = conn.poll()
+            if state == POLL_OK:
+                break
+            elif state == POLL_READ:
+                select.select([conn.fileno()], [], [])
+            elif state == POLL_WRITE:
+                select.select([], [conn.fileno()], [])
+            else:
+                raise conn.OperationalError(f"bad state from poll: {state}")
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            conn.cancel()
+            # the loop will be broken by a server error
+            continue
+
+
+def _solve_conn_curs(conn_or_curs):
+    """Return the connection and a DBAPI cursor from a connection or cursor."""
+    if conn_or_curs is None:
+        raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError("no connection or cursor provided")
+
+    if hasattr(conn_or_curs, 'execute'):
+        conn = conn_or_curs.connection
+        curs = conn.cursor(cursor_factory=_cursor)
+    else:
+        conn = conn_or_curs
+        curs = conn.cursor(cursor_factory=_cursor)
+
+    return conn, curs
+
+
+class HstoreAdapter:
+    """Adapt a Python dict to the hstore syntax."""
+    def __init__(self, wrapped):
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        self.conn = conn
+
+        # use an old-style getquoted implementation if required
+        if conn.info.server_version < 90000:
+            self.getquoted = self._getquoted_8
+
+    def _getquoted_8(self):
+        """Use the operators available in PG pre-9.0."""
+        if not self.wrapped:
+            return b"''::hstore"
+
+        adapt = _ext.adapt
+        rv = []
+        for k, v in self.wrapped.items():
+            k = adapt(k)
+            k.prepare(self.conn)
+            k = k.getquoted()
+
+            if v is not None:
+                v = adapt(v)
+                v.prepare(self.conn)
+                v = v.getquoted()
+            else:
+                v = b'NULL'
+
+            # XXX this b'ing is painfully inefficient!
+            rv.append(b"(" + k + b" => " + v + b")")
+
+        return b"(" + b'||'.join(rv) + b")"
+
+    def _getquoted_9(self):
+        """Use the hstore(text[], text[]) function."""
+        if not self.wrapped:
+            return b"''::hstore"
+
+        k = _ext.adapt(list(self.wrapped.keys()))
+        k.prepare(self.conn)
+        v = _ext.adapt(list(self.wrapped.values()))
+        v.prepare(self.conn)
+        return b"hstore(" + k.getquoted() + b", " + v.getquoted() + b")"
+
+    getquoted = _getquoted_9
+
+    _re_hstore = _re.compile(r"""
+        # hstore key:
+        # a string of normal or escaped chars
+        "((?: [^"\\] | \\. )*)"
+        \s*=>\s* # hstore value
+        (?:
+            NULL # the value can be null - not catched
+            # or a quoted string like the key
+            | "((?: [^"\\] | \\. )*)"
+        )
+        (?:\s*,\s*|$) # pairs separated by comma or end of string.
+    """, _re.VERBOSE)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(self, s, cur, _bsdec=_re.compile(r"\\(.)")):
+        """Parse an hstore representation in a Python string.
+
+        The hstore is represented as something like::
+
+            "a"=>"1", "b"=>"2"
+
+        with backslash-escaped strings.
+        """
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+
+        rv = {}
+        start = 0
+        for m in self._re_hstore.finditer(s):
+            if m is None or m.start() != start:
+                raise psycopg2.InterfaceError(
+                    f"error parsing hstore pair at char {start}")
+            k = _bsdec.sub(r'\1', m.group(1))
+            v = m.group(2)
+            if v is not None:
+                v = _bsdec.sub(r'\1', v)
+
+            rv[k] = v
+            start = m.end()
+
+        if start < len(s):
+            raise psycopg2.InterfaceError(
+                f"error parsing hstore: unparsed data after char {start}")
+
+        return rv
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_unicode(self, s, cur):
+        """Parse an hstore returning unicode keys and values."""
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+
+        s = s.decode(_ext.encodings[cur.connection.encoding])
+        return self.parse(s, cur)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_oids(self, conn_or_curs):
+        """Return the lists of OID of the hstore and hstore[] types.
+        """
+        conn, curs = _solve_conn_curs(conn_or_curs)
+
+        # Store the transaction status of the connection to revert it after use
+        conn_status = conn.status
+
+        # column typarray not available before PG 8.3
+        typarray = conn.info.server_version >= 80300 and "typarray" or "NULL"
+
+        rv0, rv1 = [], []
+
+        # get the oid for the hstore
+        curs.execute(f"""SELECT t.oid, {typarray}
+FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_namespace ns
+    ON typnamespace = ns.oid
+WHERE typname = 'hstore';
+""")
+        for oids in curs:
+            rv0.append(oids[0])
+            rv1.append(oids[1])
+
+        # revert the status of the connection as before the command
+        if (conn_status != _ext.STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION
+        and not conn.autocommit):
+            conn.rollback()
+
+        return tuple(rv0), tuple(rv1)
+
+
+def register_hstore(conn_or_curs, globally=False, unicode=False,
+                    oid=None, array_oid=None):
+    r"""Register adapter and typecaster for `!dict`\-\ |hstore| conversions.
+
+    :param conn_or_curs: a connection or cursor: the typecaster will be
+        registered only on this object unless *globally* is set to `!True`
+    :param globally: register the adapter globally, not only on *conn_or_curs*
+    :param unicode: if `!True`, keys and values returned from the database
+        will be `!unicode` instead of `!str`. The option is not available on
+        Python 3
+    :param oid: the OID of the |hstore| type if known. If not, it will be
+        queried on *conn_or_curs*.
+    :param array_oid: the OID of the |hstore| array type if known. If not, it
+        will be queried on *conn_or_curs*.
+
+    The connection or cursor passed to the function will be used to query the
+    database and look for the OID of the |hstore| type (which may be different
+    across databases). If querying is not desirable (e.g. with
+    :ref:`asynchronous connections <async-support>`) you may specify it in the
+    *oid* parameter, which can be found using a query such as :sql:`SELECT
+    'hstore'::regtype::oid`. Analogously you can obtain a value for *array_oid*
+    using a query such as :sql:`SELECT 'hstore[]'::regtype::oid`.
+
+    Note that, when passing a dictionary from Python to the database, both
+    strings and unicode keys and values are supported. Dictionaries returned
+    from the database have keys/values according to the *unicode* parameter.
+
+    The |hstore| contrib module must be already installed in the database
+    (executing the ``hstore.sql`` script in your ``contrib`` directory).
+    Raise `~psycopg2.ProgrammingError` if the type is not found.
+    """
+    if oid is None:
+        oid = HstoreAdapter.get_oids(conn_or_curs)
+        if oid is None or not oid[0]:
+            raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                "hstore type not found in the database. "
+                "please install it from your 'contrib/hstore.sql' file")
+        else:
+            array_oid = oid[1]
+            oid = oid[0]
+
+    if isinstance(oid, int):
+        oid = (oid,)
+
+    if array_oid is not None:
+        if isinstance(array_oid, int):
+            array_oid = (array_oid,)
+        else:
+            array_oid = tuple([x for x in array_oid if x])
+
+    # create and register the typecaster
+    HSTORE = _ext.new_type(oid, "HSTORE", HstoreAdapter.parse)
+    _ext.register_type(HSTORE, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+    _ext.register_adapter(dict, HstoreAdapter)
+
+    if array_oid:
+        HSTOREARRAY = _ext.new_array_type(array_oid, "HSTOREARRAY", HSTORE)
+        _ext.register_type(HSTOREARRAY, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+
+
+class CompositeCaster:
+    """Helps conversion of a PostgreSQL composite type into a Python object.
+
+    The class is usually created by the `register_composite()` function.
+    You may want to create and register manually instances of the class if
+    querying the database at registration time is not desirable (such as when
+    using an :ref:`asynchronous connections <async-support>`).
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, oid, attrs, array_oid=None, schema=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.schema = schema
+        self.oid = oid
+        self.array_oid = array_oid
+
+        self.attnames = [a[0] for a in attrs]
+        self.atttypes = [a[1] for a in attrs]
+        self._create_type(name, self.attnames)
+        self.typecaster = _ext.new_type((oid,), name, self.parse)
+        if array_oid:
+            self.array_typecaster = _ext.new_array_type(
+                (array_oid,), f"{name}ARRAY", self.typecaster)
+        else:
+            self.array_typecaster = None
+
+    def parse(self, s, curs):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+
+        tokens = self.tokenize(s)
+        if len(tokens) != len(self.atttypes):
+            raise psycopg2.DataError(
+                "expecting %d components for the type %s, %d found instead" %
+                (len(self.atttypes), self.name, len(tokens)))
+
+        values = [curs.cast(oid, token)
+            for oid, token in zip(self.atttypes, tokens)]
+
+        return self.make(values)
+
+    def make(self, values):
+        """Return a new Python object representing the data being casted.
+
+        *values* is the list of attributes, already casted into their Python
+        representation.
+
+        You can subclass this method to :ref:`customize the composite cast
+        <custom-composite>`.
+        """
+
+        return self._ctor(values)
+
+    _re_tokenize = _re.compile(r"""
+  \(? ([,)])                        # an empty token, representing NULL
+| \(? " ((?: [^"] | "")*) " [,)]    # or a quoted string
+| \(? ([^",)]+) [,)]                # or an unquoted string
+    """, _re.VERBOSE)
+
+    _re_undouble = _re.compile(r'(["\\])\1')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tokenize(self, s):
+        rv = []
+        for m in self._re_tokenize.finditer(s):
+            if m is None:
+                raise psycopg2.InterfaceError(f"can't parse type: {s!r}")
+            if m.group(1) is not None:
+                rv.append(None)
+            elif m.group(2) is not None:
+                rv.append(self._re_undouble.sub(r"\1", m.group(2)))
+            else:
+                rv.append(m.group(3))
+
+        return rv
+
+    def _create_type(self, name, attnames):
+        name = _re_clean.sub('_', name)
+        self.type = namedtuple(name, attnames)
+        self._ctor = self.type._make
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_db(self, name, conn_or_curs):
+        """Return a `CompositeCaster` instance for the type *name*.
+
+        Raise `ProgrammingError` if the type is not found.
+        """
+        conn, curs = _solve_conn_curs(conn_or_curs)
+
+        # Store the transaction status of the connection to revert it after use
+        conn_status = conn.status
+
+        # Use the correct schema
+        if '.' in name:
+            schema, tname = name.split('.', 1)
+        else:
+            tname = name
+            schema = 'public'
+
+        # column typarray not available before PG 8.3
+        typarray = conn.info.server_version >= 80300 and "typarray" or "NULL"
+
+        # get the type oid and attributes
+        curs.execute("""\
+SELECT t.oid, %s, attname, atttypid
+FROM pg_type t
+JOIN pg_namespace ns ON typnamespace = ns.oid
+JOIN pg_attribute a ON attrelid = typrelid
+WHERE typname = %%s AND nspname = %%s
+    AND attnum > 0 AND NOT attisdropped
+ORDER BY attnum;
+""" % typarray, (tname, schema))
+
+        recs = curs.fetchall()
+
+        if not recs:
+            # The above algorithm doesn't work for customized seach_path
+            # (#1487) The implementation below works better, but, to guarantee
+            # backwards compatibility, use it only if the original one failed.
+            try:
+                savepoint = False
+                # Because we executed statements earlier, we are either INTRANS
+                # or we are IDLE only if the transaction is autocommit, in
+                # which case we don't need the savepoint anyway.
+                if conn.status == _ext.STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION:
+                    curs.execute("SAVEPOINT register_type")
+                    savepoint = True
+
+                curs.execute("""\
+SELECT t.oid, %s, attname, atttypid, typname, nspname
+FROM pg_type t
+JOIN pg_namespace ns ON typnamespace = ns.oid
+JOIN pg_attribute a ON attrelid = typrelid
+WHERE t.oid = %%s::regtype
+    AND attnum > 0 AND NOT attisdropped
+ORDER BY attnum;
+""" % typarray, (name, ))
+            except psycopg2.ProgrammingError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                recs = curs.fetchall()
+                if recs:
+                    tname = recs[0][4]
+                    schema = recs[0][5]
+            finally:
+                if savepoint:
+                    curs.execute("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT register_type")
+
+        # revert the status of the connection as before the command
+        if conn_status != _ext.STATUS_IN_TRANSACTION and not conn.autocommit:
+            conn.rollback()
+
+        if not recs:
+            raise psycopg2.ProgrammingError(
+                f"PostgreSQL type '{name}' not found")
+
+        type_oid = recs[0][0]
+        array_oid = recs[0][1]
+        type_attrs = [(r[2], r[3]) for r in recs]
+
+        return self(tname, type_oid, type_attrs,
+            array_oid=array_oid, schema=schema)
+
+
+def register_composite(name, conn_or_curs, globally=False, factory=None):
+    """Register a typecaster to convert a composite type into a tuple.
+
+    :param name: the name of a PostgreSQL composite type, e.g. created using
+        the |CREATE TYPE|_ command
+    :param conn_or_curs: a connection or cursor used to find the type oid and
+        components; the typecaster is registered in a scope limited to this
+        object, unless *globally* is set to `!True`
+    :param globally: if `!False` (default) register the typecaster only on
+        *conn_or_curs*, otherwise register it globally
+    :param factory: if specified it should be a `CompositeCaster` subclass: use
+        it to :ref:`customize how to cast composite types <custom-composite>`
+    :return: the registered `CompositeCaster` or *factory* instance
+        responsible for the conversion
+    """
+    if factory is None:
+        factory = CompositeCaster
+
+    caster = factory._from_db(name, conn_or_curs)
+    _ext.register_type(caster.typecaster, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+
+    if caster.array_typecaster is not None:
+        _ext.register_type(
+            caster.array_typecaster, not globally and conn_or_curs or None)
+
+    return caster
+
+
+def _paginate(seq, page_size):
+    """Consume an iterable and return it in chunks.
+
+    Every chunk is at most `page_size`. Never return an empty chunk.
+    """
+    page = []
+    it = iter(seq)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            for i in range(page_size):
+                page.append(next(it))
+            yield page
+            page = []
+        except StopIteration:
+            if page:
+                yield page
+            return
+
+
+def execute_batch(cur, sql, argslist, page_size=100):
+    r"""Execute groups of statements in fewer server roundtrips.
+
+    Execute *sql* several times, against all parameters set (sequences or
+    mappings) found in *argslist*.
+
+    The function is semantically similar to
+
+    .. parsed-literal::
+
+        *cur*\.\ `~cursor.executemany`\ (\ *sql*\ , *argslist*\ )
+
+    but has a different implementation: Psycopg will join the statements into
+    fewer multi-statement commands, each one containing at most *page_size*
+    statements, resulting in a reduced number of server roundtrips.
+
+    After the execution of the function the `cursor.rowcount` property will
+    **not** contain a total result.
+
+    """
+    for page in _paginate(argslist, page_size=page_size):
+        sqls = [cur.mogrify(sql, args) for args in page]
+        cur.execute(b";".join(sqls))
+
+
+def execute_values(cur, sql, argslist, template=None, page_size=100, fetch=False):
+    '''Execute a statement using :sql:`VALUES` with a sequence of parameters.
+
+    :param cur: the cursor to use to execute the query.
+
+    :param sql: the query to execute. It must contain a single ``%s``
+        placeholder, which will be replaced by a `VALUES list`__.
+        Example: ``"INSERT INTO mytable (id, f1, f2) VALUES %s"``.
+
+    :param argslist: sequence of sequences or dictionaries with the arguments
+        to send to the query. The type and content must be consistent with
+        *template*.
+
+    :param template: the snippet to merge to every item in *argslist* to
+        compose the query.
+
+        - If the *argslist* items are sequences it should contain positional
+          placeholders (e.g. ``"(%s, %s, %s)"``, or ``"(%s, %s, 42)``" if there
+          are constants value...).
+
+        - If the *argslist* items are mappings it should contain named
+          placeholders (e.g. ``"(%(id)s, %(f1)s, 42)"``).
+
+        If not specified, assume the arguments are sequence and use a simple
+        positional template (i.e.  ``(%s, %s, ...)``), with the number of
+        placeholders sniffed by the first element in *argslist*.
+
+    :param page_size: maximum number of *argslist* items to include in every
+        statement. If there are more items the function will execute more than
+        one statement.
+
+    :param fetch: if `!True` return the query results into a list (like in a
+        `~cursor.fetchall()`).  Useful for queries with :sql:`RETURNING`
+        clause.
+
+    .. __: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/queries-values.html
+
+    After the execution of the function the `cursor.rowcount` property will
+    **not** contain a total result.
+
+    While :sql:`INSERT` is an obvious candidate for this function it is
+    possible to use it with other statements, for example::
+
+        >>> cur.execute(
+        ... "create table test (id int primary key, v1 int, v2 int)")
+
+        >>> execute_values(cur,
+        ... "INSERT INTO test (id, v1, v2) VALUES %s",
+        ... [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)])
+
+        >>> execute_values(cur,
+        ... """UPDATE test SET v1 = data.v1 FROM (VALUES %s) AS data (id, v1)
+        ... WHERE test.id = data.id""",
+        ... [(1, 20), (4, 50)])
+
+        >>> cur.execute("select * from test order by id")
+        >>> cur.fetchall()
+        [(1, 20, 3), (4, 50, 6), (7, 8, 9)])
+
+    '''
+    from psycopg2.sql import Composable
+    if isinstance(sql, Composable):
+        sql = sql.as_string(cur)
+
+    # we can't just use sql % vals because vals is bytes: if sql is bytes
+    # there will be some decoding error because of stupid codec used, and Py3
+    # doesn't implement % on bytes.
+    if not isinstance(sql, bytes):
+        sql = sql.encode(_ext.encodings[cur.connection.encoding])
+    pre, post = _split_sql(sql)
+
+    result = [] if fetch else None
+    for page in _paginate(argslist, page_size=page_size):
+        if template is None:
+            template = b'(' + b','.join([b'%s'] * len(page[0])) + b')'
+        parts = pre[:]
+        for args in page:
+            parts.append(cur.mogrify(template, args))
+            parts.append(b',')
+        parts[-1:] = post
+        cur.execute(b''.join(parts))
+        if fetch:
+            result.extend(cur.fetchall())
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _split_sql(sql):
+    """Split *sql* on a single ``%s`` placeholder.
+
+    Split on the %s, perform %% replacement and return pre, post lists of
+    snippets.
+    """
+    curr = pre = []
+    post = []
+    tokens = _re.split(br'(%.)', sql)
+    for token in tokens:
+        if len(token) != 2 or token[:1] != b'%':
+            curr.append(token)
+            continue
+
+        if token[1:] == b's':
+            if curr is pre:
+                curr = post
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "the query contains more than one '%s' placeholder")
+        elif token[1:] == b'%':
+            curr.append(b'%')
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("unsupported format character: '%s'"
+                % token[1:].decode('ascii', 'replace'))
+
+    if curr is pre:
+        raise ValueError("the query doesn't contain any '%s' placeholder")
+
+    return pre, post
+
+
+# ascii except alnum and underscore
+_re_clean = _re.compile(
+    '[' + _re.escape(' !"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~') + ']')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/pool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d67d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Connection pooling for psycopg2
+
+This module implements thread-safe (and not) connection pools.
+"""
+# psycopg/pool.py - pooling code for psycopg
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Federico Di Gregorio  <fog@debian.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import psycopg2
+from psycopg2 import extensions as _ext
+
+
+class PoolError(psycopg2.Error):
+    pass
+
+
+class AbstractConnectionPool:
+    """Generic key-based pooling code."""
+
+    def __init__(self, minconn, maxconn, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize the connection pool.
+
+        New 'minconn' connections are created immediately calling 'connfunc'
+        with given parameters. The connection pool will support a maximum of
+        about 'maxconn' connections.
+        """
+        self.minconn = int(minconn)
+        self.maxconn = int(maxconn)
+        self.closed = False
+
+        self._args = args
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+
+        self._pool = []
+        self._used = {}
+        self._rused = {}    # id(conn) -> key map
+        self._keys = 0
+
+        for i in range(self.minconn):
+            self._connect()
+
+    def _connect(self, key=None):
+        """Create a new connection and assign it to 'key' if not None."""
+        conn = psycopg2.connect(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
+        if key is not None:
+            self._used[key] = conn
+            self._rused[id(conn)] = key
+        else:
+            self._pool.append(conn)
+        return conn
+
+    def _getkey(self):
+        """Return a new unique key."""
+        self._keys += 1
+        return self._keys
+
+    def _getconn(self, key=None):
+        """Get a free connection and assign it to 'key' if not None."""
+        if self.closed:
+            raise PoolError("connection pool is closed")
+        if key is None:
+            key = self._getkey()
+
+        if key in self._used:
+            return self._used[key]
+
+        if self._pool:
+            self._used[key] = conn = self._pool.pop()
+            self._rused[id(conn)] = key
+            return conn
+        else:
+            if len(self._used) == self.maxconn:
+                raise PoolError("connection pool exhausted")
+            return self._connect(key)
+
+    def _putconn(self, conn, key=None, close=False):
+        """Put away a connection."""
+        if self.closed:
+            raise PoolError("connection pool is closed")
+
+        if key is None:
+            key = self._rused.get(id(conn))
+            if key is None:
+                raise PoolError("trying to put unkeyed connection")
+
+        if len(self._pool) < self.minconn and not close:
+            # Return the connection into a consistent state before putting
+            # it back into the pool
+            if not conn.closed:
+                status = conn.info.transaction_status
+                if status == _ext.TRANSACTION_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
+                    # server connection lost
+                    conn.close()
+                elif status != _ext.TRANSACTION_STATUS_IDLE:
+                    # connection in error or in transaction
+                    conn.rollback()
+                    self._pool.append(conn)
+                else:
+                    # regular idle connection
+                    self._pool.append(conn)
+            # If the connection is closed, we just discard it.
+        else:
+            conn.close()
+
+        # here we check for the presence of key because it can happen that a
+        # thread tries to put back a connection after a call to close
+        if not self.closed or key in self._used:
+            del self._used[key]
+            del self._rused[id(conn)]
+
+    def _closeall(self):
+        """Close all connections.
+
+        Note that this can lead to some code fail badly when trying to use
+        an already closed connection. If you call .closeall() make sure
+        your code can deal with it.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise PoolError("connection pool is closed")
+        for conn in self._pool + list(self._used.values()):
+            try:
+                conn.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+class SimpleConnectionPool(AbstractConnectionPool):
+    """A connection pool that can't be shared across different threads."""
+
+    getconn = AbstractConnectionPool._getconn
+    putconn = AbstractConnectionPool._putconn
+    closeall = AbstractConnectionPool._closeall
+
+
+class ThreadedConnectionPool(AbstractConnectionPool):
+    """A connection pool that works with the threading module."""
+
+    def __init__(self, minconn, maxconn, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize the threading lock."""
+        import threading
+        AbstractConnectionPool.__init__(
+            self, minconn, maxconn, *args, **kwargs)
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def getconn(self, key=None):
+        """Get a free connection and assign it to 'key' if not None."""
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            return self._getconn(key)
+        finally:
+            self._lock.release()
+
+    def putconn(self, conn=None, key=None, close=False):
+        """Put away an unused connection."""
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            self._putconn(conn, key, close)
+        finally:
+            self._lock.release()
+
+    def closeall(self):
+        """Close all connections (even the one currently in use.)"""
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            self._closeall()
+        finally:
+            self._lock.release()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/sql.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/sql.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b352b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/sql.py
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+"""SQL composition utility module
+"""
+
+# psycopg/sql.py - SQL composition utility module
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import string
+
+from psycopg2 import extensions as ext
+
+
+_formatter = string.Formatter()
+
+
+class Composable:
+    """
+    Abstract base class for objects that can be used to compose an SQL string.
+
+    `!Composable` objects can be passed directly to `~cursor.execute()`,
+    `~cursor.executemany()`, `~cursor.copy_expert()` in place of the query
+    string.
+
+    `!Composable` objects can be joined using the ``+`` operator: the result
+    will be a `Composed` instance containing the objects joined. The operator
+    ``*`` is also supported with an integer argument: the result is a
+    `!Composed` instance containing the left argument repeated as many times as
+    requested.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, wrapped):
+        self._wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._wrapped!r})"
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        """
+        Return the string value of the object.
+
+        :param context: the context to evaluate the string into.
+        :type context: `connection` or `cursor`
+
+        The method is automatically invoked by `~cursor.execute()`,
+        `~cursor.executemany()`, `~cursor.copy_expert()` if a `!Composable` is
+        passed instead of the query string.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Composed):
+            return Composed([self]) + other
+        if isinstance(other, Composable):
+            return Composed([self]) + Composed([other])
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __mul__(self, n):
+        return Composed([self] * n)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return type(self) is type(other) and self._wrapped == other._wrapped
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+
+class Composed(Composable):
+    """
+    A `Composable` object made of a sequence of `!Composable`.
+
+    The object is usually created using `!Composable` operators and methods.
+    However it is possible to create a `!Composed` directly specifying a
+    sequence of `!Composable` as arguments.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> comp = sql.Composed(
+        ...     [sql.SQL("insert into "), sql.Identifier("table")])
+        >>> print(comp.as_string(conn))
+        insert into "table"
+
+    `!Composed` objects are iterable (so they can be used in `SQL.join` for
+    instance).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, seq):
+        wrapped = []
+        for i in seq:
+            if not isinstance(i, Composable):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Composed elements must be Composable, got {i!r} instead")
+            wrapped.append(i)
+
+        super().__init__(wrapped)
+
+    @property
+    def seq(self):
+        """The list of the content of the `!Composed`."""
+        return list(self._wrapped)
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        rv = []
+        for i in self._wrapped:
+            rv.append(i.as_string(context))
+        return ''.join(rv)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._wrapped)
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Composed):
+            return Composed(self._wrapped + other._wrapped)
+        if isinstance(other, Composable):
+            return Composed(self._wrapped + [other])
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def join(self, joiner):
+        """
+        Return a new `!Composed` interposing the *joiner* with the `!Composed` items.
+
+        The *joiner* must be a `SQL` or a string which will be interpreted as
+        an `SQL`.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> fields = sql.Identifier('foo') + sql.Identifier('bar')  # a Composed
+            >>> print(fields.join(', ').as_string(conn))
+            "foo", "bar"
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(joiner, str):
+            joiner = SQL(joiner)
+        elif not isinstance(joiner, SQL):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Composed.join() argument must be a string or an SQL")
+
+        return joiner.join(self)
+
+
+class SQL(Composable):
+    """
+    A `Composable` representing a snippet of SQL statement.
+
+    `!SQL` exposes `join()` and `format()` methods useful to create a template
+    where to merge variable parts of a query (for instance field or table
+    names).
+
+    The *string* doesn't undergo any form of escaping, so it is not suitable to
+    represent variable identifiers or values: you should only use it to pass
+    constant strings representing templates or snippets of SQL statements; use
+    other objects such as `Identifier` or `Literal` to represent variable
+    parts.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> query = sql.SQL("select {0} from {1}").format(
+        ...    sql.SQL(', ').join([sql.Identifier('foo'), sql.Identifier('bar')]),
+        ...    sql.Identifier('table'))
+        >>> print(query.as_string(conn))
+        select "foo", "bar" from "table"
+    """
+    def __init__(self, string):
+        if not isinstance(string, str):
+            raise TypeError("SQL values must be strings")
+        super().__init__(string)
+
+    @property
+    def string(self):
+        """The string wrapped by the `!SQL` object."""
+        return self._wrapped
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        return self._wrapped
+
+    def format(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Merge `Composable` objects into a template.
+
+        :param `Composable` args: parameters to replace to numbered
+            (``{0}``, ``{1}``) or auto-numbered (``{}``) placeholders
+        :param `Composable` kwargs: parameters to replace to named (``{name}``)
+            placeholders
+        :return: the union of the `!SQL` string with placeholders replaced
+        :rtype: `Composed`
+
+        The method is similar to the Python `str.format()` method: the string
+        template supports auto-numbered (``{}``), numbered (``{0}``,
+        ``{1}``...), and named placeholders (``{name}``), with positional
+        arguments replacing the numbered placeholders and keywords replacing
+        the named ones. However placeholder modifiers (``{0!r}``, ``{0:<10}``)
+        are not supported. Only `!Composable` objects can be passed to the
+        template.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> print(sql.SQL("select * from {} where {} = %s")
+            ...     .format(sql.Identifier('people'), sql.Identifier('id'))
+            ...     .as_string(conn))
+            select * from "people" where "id" = %s
+
+            >>> print(sql.SQL("select * from {tbl} where {pkey} = %s")
+            ...     .format(tbl=sql.Identifier('people'), pkey=sql.Identifier('id'))
+            ...     .as_string(conn))
+            select * from "people" where "id" = %s
+
+        """
+        rv = []
+        autonum = 0
+        for pre, name, spec, conv in _formatter.parse(self._wrapped):
+            if spec:
+                raise ValueError("no format specification supported by SQL")
+            if conv:
+                raise ValueError("no format conversion supported by SQL")
+            if pre:
+                rv.append(SQL(pre))
+
+            if name is None:
+                continue
+
+            if name.isdigit():
+                if autonum:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "cannot switch from automatic field numbering to manual")
+                rv.append(args[int(name)])
+                autonum = None
+
+            elif not name:
+                if autonum is None:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "cannot switch from manual field numbering to automatic")
+                rv.append(args[autonum])
+                autonum += 1
+
+            else:
+                rv.append(kwargs[name])
+
+        return Composed(rv)
+
+    def join(self, seq):
+        """
+        Join a sequence of `Composable`.
+
+        :param seq: the elements to join.
+        :type seq: iterable of `!Composable`
+
+        Use the `!SQL` object's *string* to separate the elements in *seq*.
+        Note that `Composed` objects are iterable too, so they can be used as
+        argument for this method.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> snip = sql.SQL(', ').join(
+            ...     sql.Identifier(n) for n in ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
+            >>> print(snip.as_string(conn))
+            "foo", "bar", "baz"
+        """
+        rv = []
+        it = iter(seq)
+        try:
+            rv.append(next(it))
+        except StopIteration:
+            pass
+        else:
+            for i in it:
+                rv.append(self)
+                rv.append(i)
+
+        return Composed(rv)
+
+
+class Identifier(Composable):
+    """
+    A `Composable` representing an SQL identifier or a dot-separated sequence.
+
+    Identifiers usually represent names of database objects, such as tables or
+    fields. PostgreSQL identifiers follow `different rules`__ than SQL string
+    literals for escaping (e.g. they use double quotes instead of single).
+
+    .. __: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-syntax-lexical.html# \
+        SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> t1 = sql.Identifier("foo")
+        >>> t2 = sql.Identifier("ba'r")
+        >>> t3 = sql.Identifier('ba"z')
+        >>> print(sql.SQL(', ').join([t1, t2, t3]).as_string(conn))
+        "foo", "ba'r", "ba""z"
+
+    Multiple strings can be passed to the object to represent a qualified name,
+    i.e. a dot-separated sequence of identifiers.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> query = sql.SQL("select {} from {}").format(
+        ...     sql.Identifier("table", "field"),
+        ...     sql.Identifier("schema", "table"))
+        >>> print(query.as_string(conn))
+        select "table"."field" from "schema"."table"
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *strings):
+        if not strings:
+            raise TypeError("Identifier cannot be empty")
+
+        for s in strings:
+            if not isinstance(s, str):
+                raise TypeError("SQL identifier parts must be strings")
+
+        super().__init__(strings)
+
+    @property
+    def strings(self):
+        """A tuple with the strings wrapped by the `Identifier`."""
+        return self._wrapped
+
+    @property
+    def string(self):
+        """The string wrapped by the `Identifier`.
+        """
+        if len(self._wrapped) == 1:
+            return self._wrapped[0]
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "the Identifier wraps more than one than one string")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(map(repr, self._wrapped))})"
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        return '.'.join(ext.quote_ident(s, context) for s in self._wrapped)
+
+
+class Literal(Composable):
+    """
+    A `Composable` representing an SQL value to include in a query.
+
+    Usually you will want to include placeholders in the query and pass values
+    as `~cursor.execute()` arguments. If however you really really need to
+    include a literal value in the query you can use this object.
+
+    The string returned by `!as_string()` follows the normal :ref:`adaptation
+    rules <python-types-adaptation>` for Python objects.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> s1 = sql.Literal("foo")
+        >>> s2 = sql.Literal("ba'r")
+        >>> s3 = sql.Literal(42)
+        >>> print(sql.SQL(', ').join([s1, s2, s3]).as_string(conn))
+        'foo', 'ba''r', 42
+
+    """
+    @property
+    def wrapped(self):
+        """The object wrapped by the `!Literal`."""
+        return self._wrapped
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        # is it a connection or cursor?
+        if isinstance(context, ext.connection):
+            conn = context
+        elif isinstance(context, ext.cursor):
+            conn = context.connection
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("context must be a connection or a cursor")
+
+        a = ext.adapt(self._wrapped)
+        if hasattr(a, 'prepare'):
+            a.prepare(conn)
+
+        rv = a.getquoted()
+        if isinstance(rv, bytes):
+            rv = rv.decode(ext.encodings[conn.encoding])
+
+        return rv
+
+
+class Placeholder(Composable):
+    """A `Composable` representing a placeholder for query parameters.
+
+    If the name is specified, generate a named placeholder (e.g. ``%(name)s``),
+    otherwise generate a positional placeholder (e.g. ``%s``).
+
+    The object is useful to generate SQL queries with a variable number of
+    arguments.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        >>> names = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+
+        >>> q1 = sql.SQL("insert into table ({}) values ({})").format(
+        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Identifier, names)),
+        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(sql.Placeholder() * len(names)))
+        >>> print(q1.as_string(conn))
+        insert into table ("foo", "bar", "baz") values (%s, %s, %s)
+
+        >>> q2 = sql.SQL("insert into table ({}) values ({})").format(
+        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Identifier, names)),
+        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Placeholder, names)))
+        >>> print(q2.as_string(conn))
+        insert into table ("foo", "bar", "baz") values (%(foo)s, %(bar)s, %(baz)s)
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name=None):
+        if isinstance(name, str):
+            if ')' in name:
+                raise ValueError(f"invalid name: {name!r}")
+
+        elif name is not None:
+            raise TypeError(f"expected string or None as name, got {name!r}")
+
+        super().__init__(name)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """The name of the `!Placeholder`."""
+        return self._wrapped
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self._wrapped is None:
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}()"
+        else:
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._wrapped!r})"
+
+    def as_string(self, context):
+        if self._wrapped is not None:
+            return f"%({self._wrapped})s"
+        else:
+            return "%s"
+
+
+# Literals
+NULL = SQL("NULL")
+DEFAULT = SQL("DEFAULT")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/tz.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/tz.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d88ca37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2/tz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""tzinfo implementations for psycopg2
+
+This module holds two different tzinfo implementations that can be used as
+the 'tzinfo' argument to datetime constructors, directly passed to psycopg
+functions or used to set the .tzinfo_factory attribute in cursors.
+"""
+# psycopg/tz.py - tzinfo implementation
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2019 Federico Di Gregorio  <fog@debian.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
+#
+# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+#
+# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
+#
+# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License for more details.
+
+import datetime
+import time
+
+ZERO = datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+
+class FixedOffsetTimezone(datetime.tzinfo):
+    """Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC.
+
+    This is exactly the implementation__ found in Python 2.3.x documentation,
+    with a small change to the `!__init__()` method to allow for pickling
+    and a default name in the form ``sHH:MM`` (``s`` is the sign.).
+
+    The implementation also caches instances. During creation, if a
+    FixedOffsetTimezone instance has previously been created with the same
+    offset and name that instance will be returned. This saves memory and
+    improves comparability.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.9
+
+        The constructor can take either a timedelta or a number of minutes of
+        offset. Previously only minutes were supported.
+
+    .. __: https://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html
+    """
+    _name = None
+    _offset = ZERO
+
+    _cache = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, offset=None, name=None):
+        if offset is not None:
+            if not isinstance(offset, datetime.timedelta):
+                offset = datetime.timedelta(minutes=offset)
+            self._offset = offset
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = name
+
+    def __new__(cls, offset=None, name=None):
+        """Return a suitable instance created earlier if it exists
+        """
+        key = (offset, name)
+        try:
+            return cls._cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            tz = super().__new__(cls, offset, name)
+            cls._cache[key] = tz
+            return tz
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "psycopg2.tz.FixedOffsetTimezone(offset=%r, name=%r)" \
+            % (self._offset, self._name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, FixedOffsetTimezone):
+            return self._offset == other._offset
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, FixedOffsetTimezone):
+            return self._offset != other._offset
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __getinitargs__(self):
+        return self._offset, self._name
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self._offset
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        if self._name is not None:
+            return self._name
+
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(self._offset.total_seconds(), 60)
+        hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+        rv = "%+03d" % hours
+        if minutes or seconds:
+            rv += ":%02d" % minutes
+            if seconds:
+                rv += ":%02d" % seconds
+
+        return rv
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        return ZERO
+
+
+STDOFFSET = datetime.timedelta(seconds=-time.timezone)
+if time.daylight:
+    DSTOFFSET = datetime.timedelta(seconds=-time.altzone)
+else:
+    DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET
+DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET
+
+
+class LocalTimezone(datetime.tzinfo):
+    """Platform idea of local timezone.
+
+    This is the exact implementation from the Python 2.3 documentation.
+    """
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        if self._isdst(dt):
+            return DSTOFFSET
+        else:
+            return STDOFFSET
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        if self._isdst(dt):
+            return DSTDIFF
+        else:
+            return ZERO
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)]
+
+    def _isdst(self, dt):
+        tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,
+              dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,
+              dt.weekday(), 0, -1)
+        stamp = time.mktime(tt)
+        tt = time.localtime(stamp)
+        return tt.tm_isdst > 0
+
+
+LOCAL = LocalTimezone()
+
+# TODO: pre-generate some interesting time zones?
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9029e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+psycopg2 and the LGPL
+---------------------
+
+psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+License for more details.
+
+In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
+permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
+modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
+and distribute linked combinations including the two.
+
+You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
+all of the code used other than OpenSSL. If you modify file(s) with this
+exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the file(s),
+but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete
+this exception statement from your version. If you delete this exception
+statement from all source files in the program, then also delete it here.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with psycopg2 (see the doc/ directory.)
+If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+Alternative licenses
+--------------------
+
+The following BSD-like license applies (at your option) to the files following
+the pattern ``psycopg/adapter*.{h,c}`` and ``psycopg/microprotocol*.{h,c}``:
+
+ Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+ including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+ freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+ 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
+    software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
+    would be appreciated but is not required.
+
+ 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
+    be misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+ 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05674fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: psycopg2-binary
+Version: 2.9.10
+Summary: psycopg2 - Python-PostgreSQL Database Adapter
+Home-page: https://psycopg.org/
+Author: Federico Di Gregorio
+Author-email: fog@initd.org
+Maintainer: Daniele Varrazzo
+Maintainer-email: daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com
+License: LGPL with exceptions
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://psycopg.org/
+Project-URL: Changes, https://www.psycopg.org/docs/news.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.psycopg.org/docs/
+Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2
+Project-URL: Issue Tracker, https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/issues
+Project-URL: Download, https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2/
+Platform: any
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: C
+Classifier: Programming Language :: SQL
+Classifier: Topic :: Database
+Classifier: Topic :: Database :: Front-Ends
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+
+Psycopg is the most popular PostgreSQL database adapter for the Python
+programming language.  Its main features are the complete implementation of
+the Python DB API 2.0 specification and the thread safety (several threads can
+share the same connection).  It was designed for heavily multi-threaded
+applications that create and destroy lots of cursors and make a large number
+of concurrent "INSERT"s or "UPDATE"s.
+
+Psycopg 2 is mostly implemented in C as a libpq wrapper, resulting in being
+both efficient and secure.  It features client-side and server-side cursors,
+asynchronous communication and notifications, "COPY TO/COPY FROM" support.
+Many Python types are supported out-of-the-box and adapted to matching
+PostgreSQL data types; adaptation can be extended and customized thanks to a
+flexible objects adaptation system.
+
+Psycopg 2 is both Unicode and Python 3 friendly.
+
+.. Note::
+
+    The psycopg2 package is still widely used and actively maintained, but it
+    is not expected to receive new features.
+
+    `Psycopg 3`__ is the evolution of psycopg2 and is where `new features are
+    being developed`__: if you are starting a new project you should probably
+    start from 3!
+
+    .. __: https://pypi.org/project/psycopg/
+    .. __: https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/docs/index.html
+
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+Documentation is included in the ``doc`` directory and is `available online`__.
+
+.. __: https://www.psycopg.org/docs/
+
+For any other resource (source code repository, bug tracker, mailing list)
+please check the `project homepage`__.
+
+.. __: https://psycopg.org/
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+Building Psycopg requires a few prerequisites (a C compiler, some development
+packages): please check the install_ and the faq_ documents in the ``doc`` dir
+or online for the details.
+
+If prerequisites are met, you can install psycopg like any other Python
+package, using ``pip`` to download it from PyPI_::
+
+    $ pip install psycopg2
+
+or using ``setup.py`` if you have downloaded the source package locally::
+
+    $ python setup.py build
+    $ sudo python setup.py install
+
+You can also obtain a stand-alone package, not requiring a compiler or
+external libraries, by installing the `psycopg2-binary`_ package from PyPI::
+
+    $ pip install psycopg2-binary
+
+The binary package is a practical choice for development and testing but in
+production it is advised to use the package built from sources.
+
+.. _PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2/
+.. _psycopg2-binary: https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2-binary/
+.. _install: https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html#install-from-source
+.. _faq: https://www.psycopg.org/docs/faq.html#faq-compile
+
+:Linux/OSX: |gh-actions|
+:Windows: |appveyor|
+
+.. |gh-actions| image:: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/actions/workflows/tests.yml
+    :alt: Linux and OSX build status
+
+.. |appveyor| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/github/psycopg/psycopg2?branch=master&svg=true
+    :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/psycopg/psycopg2/branch/master
+    :alt: Windows build status
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cfaff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+psycopg2/__init__.py,sha256=9mo5Qd0uWHiEBx2CdogGos2kNqtlNNGzbtYlGC0hWS8,4768
+psycopg2/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/_ipaddress.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/_json.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/_range.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/errorcodes.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/errors.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/extensions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/extras.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/pool.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/sql.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/__pycache__/tz.cpython-312.pyc,,
+psycopg2/_ipaddress.py,sha256=jkuyhLgqUGRBcLNWDM8QJysV6q1Npc_RYH4_kE7JZPU,2922
+psycopg2/_json.py,sha256=XPn4PnzbTg1Dcqz7n1JMv5dKhB5VFV6834GEtxSawt0,7153
+psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=F5RVch-J7Y0sT6p5xvWgNGtLtTS9MbQTDOtaPeeZaqE,339145
+psycopg2/_range.py,sha256=sXeenGraJEEw2I3mc8RlmNivy2jMg7zWoanDes2Ywp8,18494
+psycopg2/errorcodes.py,sha256=ko0m0I294B6tb60GAu_gqvoVykqf6cyrGM7MLj4p0Qg,14392
+psycopg2/errors.py,sha256=aAS4dJyTg1bsDzJDCRQAMB_s7zv-Q4yB6Yvih26I-0M,1425
+psycopg2/extensions.py,sha256=CG0kG5vL8Ot503UGlDXXJJFdFWLg4HE2_c1-lLOLc8M,6797
+psycopg2/extras.py,sha256=oBfrdvtWn8ITxc3x-h2h6IwHUsWdVqCdf4Gphb0JqY8,44215
+psycopg2/pool.py,sha256=UGEt8IdP3xNc2PGYNlG4sQvg8nhf4aeCnz39hTR0H8I,6316
+psycopg2/sql.py,sha256=OcFEAmpe2aMfrx0MEk4Lx00XvXXJCmvllaOVbJY-yoE,14779
+psycopg2/tz.py,sha256=r95kK7eGSpOYr_luCyYsznHMzjl52sLjsnSPXkXLzRI,4870
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=lhS4XfyacsWyyjMUTB1-HtOxwpdFnZ-yimpXYsLo1xs,2238
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=nKflg_fOjsZqIxaJEFDyyzl0I8YNcHuEN4WrM68RG5E,4924
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/RECORD,,
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=7B4nnId14TToQHuAKpxbDLCJbNciqBsV-mvXE2hVLJc,151
+psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=7dHGpLqQ3w-vGmGEVn-7uK90qU9fyrGdWWi7S-gTcnM,9
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libcom_err-2abe824b.so.2.1,sha256=VCbctU3QHJ7t2gXiF58ORxFOi0ilNP_p6UkW55Rxslc,17497
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libcrypto-ea28cefb.so.1.1,sha256=BaFxOxGMaqri29sHgDiXm9wGdC2M_5O7F734mZJBUJk,3133185
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libgssapi_krb5-497db0c6.so.2.2,sha256=KnSwMw7pcygbJvjr5KzvDr-e6ZxraEl8-RUf_2xMNOE,345209
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libk5crypto-b1f99d5c.so.3.1,sha256=mETlAJ5wpq0vsitYcwaBD-Knsbn2uZItqhx4ujRm3ic,219953
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libkeyutils-dfe70bd6.so.1.5,sha256=wp5BsDz0st_7-0lglG4rQvgsDKXVPSMdPw_Fl7onRIg,17913
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libkrb5-fcafa220.so.3.3,sha256=sqq1KP9MqyFE5c4BskasCfV0oHKlP_Y-qB1rspsmuPE,1018953
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libkrb5support-d0bcff84.so.0.1,sha256=anH1fXSP73m05zbVNIh1VF0KIk-okotdYqPPJkf8EJ8,76873
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+psycopg2_binary.libs/libpcre-9513aab5.so.1.2.0,sha256=Au2oUOBJMWVtivgfUXG_902L7BVT09hcPTLX_F7-iGQ,406817
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libpq-e8a033dd.so.5.16,sha256=EZJfnquq7cmvub9JhNH0A6W3g9PprFCQKYXVIQRcBOA,370761
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libsasl2-883649fd.so.3.0.0,sha256=GC8C1eR02yJ82oOrrHQT1DHUh8bAGv0M10HhQM7cDzo,119217
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libselinux-0922c95c.so.1,sha256=1PqOf7Ot2WCmgyWlnJaUJErqMhP9c5pQgVywZ8SWVlQ,178337
+psycopg2_binary.libs/libssl-3e69114b.so.1.1,sha256=e6o34uLMd7XUKjB3w0Qu2cvHbfo6fjPRf_NLJKhv5qs,646065
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e81182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (75.1.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658130b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/psycopg2_binary-2.9.10.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+psycopg2
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bee14a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pycparser -- A C parser in Python
+
+Copyright (c) 2008-2022, Eli Bendersky
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this 
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may 
+  be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without 
+  specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND 
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 
+GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 
+LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT 
+OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8038a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: pycparser
+Version: 2.22
+Summary: C parser in Python
+Home-page: https://github.com/eliben/pycparser
+Author: Eli Bendersky
+Author-email: eliben@gmail.com
+Maintainer: Eli Bendersky
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Platform: Cross Platform
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+
+
+        pycparser is a complete parser of the C language, written in
+        pure Python using the PLY parsing library.
+        It parses C code into an AST and can serve as a front-end for
+        C compilers or analysis tools.
+    
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef03383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/RECORD
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+pycparser-2.22.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=c-lPcS74L_8KoH7IE6PQF5ofyirRQNV4VhkbSFIPeWM,10
+pycparser/__init__.py,sha256=hrf-AyuVYNHQGTD0Nv2bywxoTN3N1ZCs03m-9-QDS14,2918
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..becc9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.37.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc1c9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser-2.22.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pycparser
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4b0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: __init__.py
+#
+# This package file exports some convenience functions for
+# interacting with pycparser
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+__all__ = ['c_lexer', 'c_parser', 'c_ast']
+__version__ = '2.22'
+
+import io
+from subprocess import check_output
+from .c_parser import CParser
+
+
+def preprocess_file(filename, cpp_path='cpp', cpp_args=''):
+    """ Preprocess a file using cpp.
+
+        filename:
+            Name of the file you want to preprocess.
+
+        cpp_path:
+        cpp_args:
+            Refer to the documentation of parse_file for the meaning of these
+            arguments.
+
+        When successful, returns the preprocessed file's contents.
+        Errors from cpp will be printed out.
+    """
+    path_list = [cpp_path]
+    if isinstance(cpp_args, list):
+        path_list += cpp_args
+    elif cpp_args != '':
+        path_list += [cpp_args]
+    path_list += [filename]
+
+    try:
+        # Note the use of universal_newlines to treat all newlines
+        # as \n for Python's purpose
+        text = check_output(path_list, universal_newlines=True)
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError("Unable to invoke 'cpp'.  " +
+            'Make sure its path was passed correctly\n' +
+            ('Original error: %s' % e))
+
+    return text
+
+
+def parse_file(filename, use_cpp=False, cpp_path='cpp', cpp_args='',
+               parser=None, encoding=None):
+    """ Parse a C file using pycparser.
+
+        filename:
+            Name of the file you want to parse.
+
+        use_cpp:
+            Set to True if you want to execute the C pre-processor
+            on the file prior to parsing it.
+
+        cpp_path:
+            If use_cpp is True, this is the path to 'cpp' on your
+            system. If no path is provided, it attempts to just
+            execute 'cpp', so it must be in your PATH.
+
+        cpp_args:
+            If use_cpp is True, set this to the command line arguments strings
+            to cpp. Be careful with quotes - it's best to pass a raw string
+            (r'') here. For example:
+            r'-I../utils/fake_libc_include'
+            If several arguments are required, pass a list of strings.
+
+        encoding:
+            Encoding to use for the file to parse
+
+        parser:
+            Optional parser object to be used instead of the default CParser
+
+        When successful, an AST is returned. ParseError can be
+        thrown if the file doesn't parse successfully.
+
+        Errors from cpp will be printed out.
+    """
+    if use_cpp:
+        text = preprocess_file(filename, cpp_path, cpp_args)
+    else:
+        with io.open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
+            text = f.read()
+
+    if parser is None:
+        parser = CParser()
+    return parser.parse(text, filename)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_ast_gen.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_ast_gen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f7d330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_ast_gen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# _ast_gen.py
+#
+# Generates the AST Node classes from a specification given in
+# a configuration file
+#
+# The design of this module was inspired by astgen.py from the
+# Python 2.5 code-base.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+from string import Template
+
+
+class ASTCodeGenerator(object):
+    def __init__(self, cfg_filename='_c_ast.cfg'):
+        """ Initialize the code generator from a configuration
+            file.
+        """
+        self.cfg_filename = cfg_filename
+        self.node_cfg = [NodeCfg(name, contents)
+            for (name, contents) in self.parse_cfgfile(cfg_filename)]
+
+    def generate(self, file=None):
+        """ Generates the code into file, an open file buffer.
+        """
+        src = Template(_PROLOGUE_COMMENT).substitute(
+            cfg_filename=self.cfg_filename)
+
+        src += _PROLOGUE_CODE
+        for node_cfg in self.node_cfg:
+            src += node_cfg.generate_source() + '\n\n'
+
+        file.write(src)
+
+    def parse_cfgfile(self, filename):
+        """ Parse the configuration file and yield pairs of
+            (name, contents) for each node.
+        """
+        with open(filename, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if not line or line.startswith('#'):
+                    continue
+                colon_i = line.find(':')
+                lbracket_i = line.find('[')
+                rbracket_i = line.find(']')
+                if colon_i < 1 or lbracket_i <= colon_i or rbracket_i <= lbracket_i:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid line in %s:\n%s\n" % (filename, line))
+
+                name = line[:colon_i]
+                val = line[lbracket_i + 1:rbracket_i]
+                vallist = [v.strip() for v in val.split(',')] if val else []
+                yield name, vallist
+
+
+class NodeCfg(object):
+    """ Node configuration.
+
+        name: node name
+        contents: a list of contents - attributes and child nodes
+        See comment at the top of the configuration file for details.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name, contents):
+        self.name = name
+        self.all_entries = []
+        self.attr = []
+        self.child = []
+        self.seq_child = []
+
+        for entry in contents:
+            clean_entry = entry.rstrip('*')
+            self.all_entries.append(clean_entry)
+
+            if entry.endswith('**'):
+                self.seq_child.append(clean_entry)
+            elif entry.endswith('*'):
+                self.child.append(clean_entry)
+            else:
+                self.attr.append(entry)
+
+    def generate_source(self):
+        src = self._gen_init()
+        src += '\n' + self._gen_children()
+        src += '\n' + self._gen_iter()
+        src += '\n' + self._gen_attr_names()
+        return src
+
+    def _gen_init(self):
+        src = "class %s(Node):\n" % self.name
+
+        if self.all_entries:
+            args = ', '.join(self.all_entries)
+            slots = ', '.join("'{0}'".format(e) for e in self.all_entries)
+            slots += ", 'coord', '__weakref__'"
+            arglist = '(self, %s, coord=None)' % args
+        else:
+            slots = "'coord', '__weakref__'"
+            arglist = '(self, coord=None)'
+
+        src += "    __slots__ = (%s)\n" % slots
+        src += "    def __init__%s:\n" % arglist
+
+        for name in self.all_entries + ['coord']:
+            src += "        self.%s = %s\n" % (name, name)
+
+        return src
+
+    def _gen_children(self):
+        src = '    def children(self):\n'
+
+        if self.all_entries:
+            src += '        nodelist = []\n'
+
+            for child in self.child:
+                src += (
+                    '        if self.%(child)s is not None:' +
+                    ' nodelist.append(("%(child)s", self.%(child)s))\n') % (
+                        dict(child=child))
+
+            for seq_child in self.seq_child:
+                src += (
+                    '        for i, child in enumerate(self.%(child)s or []):\n'
+                    '            nodelist.append(("%(child)s[%%d]" %% i, child))\n') % (
+                        dict(child=seq_child))
+
+            src += '        return tuple(nodelist)\n'
+        else:
+            src += '        return ()\n'
+
+        return src
+
+    def _gen_iter(self):
+        src = '    def __iter__(self):\n'
+
+        if self.all_entries:
+            for child in self.child:
+                src += (
+                    '        if self.%(child)s is not None:\n' +
+                    '            yield self.%(child)s\n') % (dict(child=child))
+
+            for seq_child in self.seq_child:
+                src += (
+                    '        for child in (self.%(child)s or []):\n'
+                    '            yield child\n') % (dict(child=seq_child))
+
+            if not (self.child or self.seq_child):
+                # Empty generator
+                src += (
+                    '        return\n' +
+                    '        yield\n')
+        else:
+            # Empty generator
+            src += (
+                '        return\n' +
+                '        yield\n')
+
+        return src
+
+    def _gen_attr_names(self):
+        src = "    attr_names = (" + ''.join("%r, " % nm for nm in self.attr) + ')'
+        return src
+
+
+_PROLOGUE_COMMENT = \
+r'''#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ** ATTENTION **
+# This code was automatically generated from the file:
+# $cfg_filename
+#
+# Do not modify it directly. Modify the configuration file and
+# run the generator again.
+# ** ** *** ** **
+#
+# pycparser: c_ast.py
+#
+# AST Node classes.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+'''
+
+_PROLOGUE_CODE = r'''
+import sys
+
+def _repr(obj):
+    """
+    Get the representation of an object, with dedicated pprint-like format for lists.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        return '[' + (',\n '.join((_repr(e).replace('\n', '\n ') for e in obj))) + '\n]'
+    else:
+        return repr(obj)
+
+class Node(object):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    """ Abstract base class for AST nodes.
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """ Generates a python representation of the current node
+        """
+        result = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
+
+        indent = ''
+        separator = ''
+        for name in self.__slots__[:-2]:
+            result += separator
+            result += indent
+            result += name + '=' + (_repr(getattr(self, name)).replace('\n', '\n  ' + (' ' * (len(name) + len(self.__class__.__name__)))))
+
+            separator = ','
+            indent = '\n ' + (' ' * len(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        result += indent + ')'
+
+        return result
+
+    def children(self):
+        """ A sequence of all children that are Nodes
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def show(self, buf=sys.stdout, offset=0, attrnames=False, nodenames=False, showcoord=False, _my_node_name=None):
+        """ Pretty print the Node and all its attributes and
+            children (recursively) to a buffer.
+
+            buf:
+                Open IO buffer into which the Node is printed.
+
+            offset:
+                Initial offset (amount of leading spaces)
+
+            attrnames:
+                True if you want to see the attribute names in
+                name=value pairs. False to only see the values.
+
+            nodenames:
+                True if you want to see the actual node names
+                within their parents.
+
+            showcoord:
+                Do you want the coordinates of each Node to be
+                displayed.
+        """
+        lead = ' ' * offset
+        if nodenames and _my_node_name is not None:
+            buf.write(lead + self.__class__.__name__+ ' <' + _my_node_name + '>: ')
+        else:
+            buf.write(lead + self.__class__.__name__+ ': ')
+
+        if self.attr_names:
+            if attrnames:
+                nvlist = [(n, getattr(self,n)) for n in self.attr_names]
+                attrstr = ', '.join('%s=%s' % nv for nv in nvlist)
+            else:
+                vlist = [getattr(self, n) for n in self.attr_names]
+                attrstr = ', '.join('%s' % v for v in vlist)
+            buf.write(attrstr)
+
+        if showcoord:
+            buf.write(' (at %s)' % self.coord)
+        buf.write('\n')
+
+        for (child_name, child) in self.children():
+            child.show(
+                buf,
+                offset=offset + 2,
+                attrnames=attrnames,
+                nodenames=nodenames,
+                showcoord=showcoord,
+                _my_node_name=child_name)
+
+
+class NodeVisitor(object):
+    """ A base NodeVisitor class for visiting c_ast nodes.
+        Subclass it and define your own visit_XXX methods, where
+        XXX is the class name you want to visit with these
+        methods.
+
+        For example:
+
+        class ConstantVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.values = []
+
+            def visit_Constant(self, node):
+                self.values.append(node.value)
+
+        Creates a list of values of all the constant nodes
+        encountered below the given node. To use it:
+
+        cv = ConstantVisitor()
+        cv.visit(node)
+
+        Notes:
+
+        *   generic_visit() will be called for AST nodes for which
+            no visit_XXX method was defined.
+        *   The children of nodes for which a visit_XXX was
+            defined will not be visited - if you need this, call
+            generic_visit() on the node.
+            You can use:
+                NodeVisitor.generic_visit(self, node)
+        *   Modeled after Python's own AST visiting facilities
+            (the ast module of Python 3.0)
+    """
+
+    _method_cache = None
+
+    def visit(self, node):
+        """ Visit a node.
+        """
+
+        if self._method_cache is None:
+            self._method_cache = {}
+
+        visitor = self._method_cache.get(node.__class__.__name__, None)
+        if visitor is None:
+            method = 'visit_' + node.__class__.__name__
+            visitor = getattr(self, method, self.generic_visit)
+            self._method_cache[node.__class__.__name__] = visitor
+
+        return visitor(node)
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node):
+        """ Called if no explicit visitor function exists for a
+            node. Implements preorder visiting of the node.
+        """
+        for c in node:
+            self.visit(c)
+
+'''
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_build_tables.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_build_tables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f37107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_build_tables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: _build_tables.py
+#
+# A dummy for generating the lexing/parsing tables and and
+# compiling them into .pyc for faster execution in optimized mode.
+# Also generates AST code from the configuration file.
+# Should be called from the pycparser directory.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Insert '.' and '..' as first entries to the search path for modules.
+# Restricted environments like embeddable python do not include the
+# current working directory on startup.
+import importlib
+import sys
+sys.path[0:0] = ['.', '..']
+
+# Generate c_ast.py
+from _ast_gen import ASTCodeGenerator
+ast_gen = ASTCodeGenerator('_c_ast.cfg')
+ast_gen.generate(open('c_ast.py', 'w'))
+
+from pycparser import c_parser
+
+# Generates the tables
+#
+c_parser.CParser(
+    lex_optimize=True,
+    yacc_debug=False,
+    yacc_optimize=True)
+
+# Load to compile into .pyc
+#
+importlib.invalidate_caches()
+
+import lextab
+import yacctab
+import c_ast
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_c_ast.cfg b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_c_ast.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0626533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/_c_ast.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: _c_ast.cfg
+#
+# Defines the AST Node classes used in pycparser.
+#
+# Each entry is a Node sub-class name, listing the attributes
+# and child nodes of the class:
+#   <name>*     - a child node
+#   <name>**    - a sequence of child nodes
+#   <name>      - an attribute
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ArrayDecl is a nested declaration of an array with the given type.
+# dim: the dimension (for example, constant 42)
+# dim_quals: list of dimension qualifiers, to support C99's allowing 'const'
+#            and 'static' within the array dimension in function declarations.
+ArrayDecl: [type*, dim*, dim_quals]
+
+ArrayRef: [name*, subscript*]
+
+# op: =, +=, /= etc.
+#
+Assignment: [op, lvalue*, rvalue*]
+
+Alignas: [alignment*]
+
+BinaryOp: [op, left*, right*]
+
+Break: []
+
+Case: [expr*, stmts**]
+
+Cast: [to_type*, expr*]
+
+# Compound statement in C99 is a list of block items (declarations or
+# statements).
+#
+Compound: [block_items**]
+
+# Compound literal (anonymous aggregate) for C99.
+# (type-name) {initializer_list}
+# type: the typename
+# init: InitList for the initializer list
+#
+CompoundLiteral: [type*, init*]
+
+# type: int, char, float, string, etc.
+#
+Constant: [type, value]
+
+Continue: []
+
+# name: the variable being declared
+# quals: list of qualifiers (const, volatile)
+# funcspec: list function specifiers (i.e. inline in C99)
+# storage: list of storage specifiers (extern, register, etc.)
+# type: declaration type (probably nested with all the modifiers)
+# init: initialization value, or None
+# bitsize: bit field size, or None
+#
+Decl: [name, quals, align, storage, funcspec, type*, init*, bitsize*]
+
+DeclList: [decls**]
+
+Default: [stmts**]
+
+DoWhile: [cond*, stmt*]
+
+# Represents the ellipsis (...) parameter in a function
+# declaration
+#
+EllipsisParam: []
+
+# An empty statement (a semicolon ';' on its own)
+#
+EmptyStatement: []
+
+# Enumeration type specifier
+# name: an optional ID
+# values: an EnumeratorList
+#
+Enum: [name, values*]
+
+# A name/value pair for enumeration values
+#
+Enumerator: [name, value*]
+
+# A list of enumerators
+#
+EnumeratorList: [enumerators**]
+
+# A list of expressions separated by the comma operator.
+#
+ExprList: [exprs**]
+
+# This is the top of the AST, representing a single C file (a
+# translation unit in K&R jargon). It contains a list of
+# "external-declaration"s, which is either declarations (Decl),
+# Typedef or function definitions (FuncDef).
+#
+FileAST: [ext**]
+
+# for (init; cond; next) stmt
+#
+For: [init*, cond*, next*, stmt*]
+
+# name: Id
+# args: ExprList
+#
+FuncCall: [name*, args*]
+
+# type <decl>(args)
+#
+FuncDecl: [args*, type*]
+
+# Function definition: a declarator for the function name and
+# a body, which is a compound statement.
+# There's an optional list of parameter declarations for old
+# K&R-style definitions
+#
+FuncDef: [decl*, param_decls**, body*]
+
+Goto: [name]
+
+ID: [name]
+
+# Holder for types that are a simple identifier (e.g. the built
+# ins void, char etc. and typedef-defined types)
+#
+IdentifierType: [names]
+
+If: [cond*, iftrue*, iffalse*]
+
+# An initialization list used for compound literals.
+#
+InitList: [exprs**]
+
+Label: [name, stmt*]
+
+# A named initializer for C99.
+# The name of a NamedInitializer is a sequence of Nodes, because
+# names can be hierarchical and contain constant expressions.
+#
+NamedInitializer: [name**, expr*]
+
+# a list of comma separated function parameter declarations
+#
+ParamList: [params**]
+
+PtrDecl: [quals, type*]
+
+Return: [expr*]
+
+StaticAssert: [cond*, message*]
+
+# name: struct tag name
+# decls: declaration of members
+#
+Struct: [name, decls**]
+
+# type: . or ->
+# name.field or name->field
+#
+StructRef: [name*, type, field*]
+
+Switch: [cond*, stmt*]
+
+# cond ? iftrue : iffalse
+#
+TernaryOp: [cond*, iftrue*, iffalse*]
+
+# A base type declaration
+#
+TypeDecl: [declname, quals, align, type*]
+
+# A typedef declaration.
+# Very similar to Decl, but without some attributes
+#
+Typedef: [name, quals, storage, type*]
+
+Typename: [name, quals, align, type*]
+
+UnaryOp: [op, expr*]
+
+# name: union tag name
+# decls: declaration of members
+#
+Union: [name, decls**]
+
+While: [cond*, stmt*]
+
+Pragma: [string]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ast_transforms.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ast_transforms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..367dcf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ast_transforms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: ast_transforms.py
+#
+# Some utilities used by the parser to create a friendlier AST.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from . import c_ast
+
+
+def fix_switch_cases(switch_node):
+    """ The 'case' statements in a 'switch' come out of parsing with one
+        child node, so subsequent statements are just tucked to the parent
+        Compound. Additionally, consecutive (fall-through) case statements
+        come out messy. This is a peculiarity of the C grammar. The following:
+
+            switch (myvar) {
+                case 10:
+                    k = 10;
+                    p = k + 1;
+                    return 10;
+                case 20:
+                case 30:
+                    return 20;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+        Creates this tree (pseudo-dump):
+
+            Switch
+                ID: myvar
+                Compound:
+                    Case 10:
+                        k = 10
+                    p = k + 1
+                    return 10
+                    Case 20:
+                        Case 30:
+                            return 20
+                    Default:
+                        break
+
+        The goal of this transform is to fix this mess, turning it into the
+        following:
+
+            Switch
+                ID: myvar
+                Compound:
+                    Case 10:
+                        k = 10
+                        p = k + 1
+                        return 10
+                    Case 20:
+                    Case 30:
+                        return 20
+                    Default:
+                        break
+
+        A fixed AST node is returned. The argument may be modified.
+    """
+    assert isinstance(switch_node, c_ast.Switch)
+    if not isinstance(switch_node.stmt, c_ast.Compound):
+        return switch_node
+
+    # The new Compound child for the Switch, which will collect children in the
+    # correct order
+    new_compound = c_ast.Compound([], switch_node.stmt.coord)
+
+    # The last Case/Default node
+    last_case = None
+
+    # Goes over the children of the Compound below the Switch, adding them
+    # either directly below new_compound or below the last Case as appropriate
+    # (for `switch(cond) {}`, block_items would have been None)
+    for child in (switch_node.stmt.block_items or []):
+        if isinstance(child, (c_ast.Case, c_ast.Default)):
+            # If it's a Case/Default:
+            # 1. Add it to the Compound and mark as "last case"
+            # 2. If its immediate child is also a Case or Default, promote it
+            #    to a sibling.
+            new_compound.block_items.append(child)
+            _extract_nested_case(child, new_compound.block_items)
+            last_case = new_compound.block_items[-1]
+        else:
+            # Other statements are added as children to the last case, if it
+            # exists.
+            if last_case is None:
+                new_compound.block_items.append(child)
+            else:
+                last_case.stmts.append(child)
+
+    switch_node.stmt = new_compound
+    return switch_node
+
+
+def _extract_nested_case(case_node, stmts_list):
+    """ Recursively extract consecutive Case statements that are made nested
+        by the parser and add them to the stmts_list.
+    """
+    if isinstance(case_node.stmts[0], (c_ast.Case, c_ast.Default)):
+        stmts_list.append(case_node.stmts.pop())
+        _extract_nested_case(stmts_list[-1], stmts_list)
+
+
+def fix_atomic_specifiers(decl):
+    """ Atomic specifiers like _Atomic(type) are unusually structured,
+        conferring a qualifier upon the contained type.
+
+        This function fixes a decl with atomic specifiers to have a sane AST
+        structure, by removing spurious Typename->TypeDecl pairs and attaching
+        the _Atomic qualifier in the right place.
+    """
+    # There can be multiple levels of _Atomic in a decl; fix them until a
+    # fixed point is reached.
+    while True:
+        decl, found = _fix_atomic_specifiers_once(decl)
+        if not found:
+            break
+
+    # Make sure to add an _Atomic qual on the topmost decl if needed. Also
+    # restore the declname on the innermost TypeDecl (it gets placed in the
+    # wrong place during construction).
+    typ = decl
+    while not isinstance(typ, c_ast.TypeDecl):
+        try:
+            typ = typ.type
+        except AttributeError:
+            return decl
+    if '_Atomic' in typ.quals and '_Atomic' not in decl.quals:
+        decl.quals.append('_Atomic')
+    if typ.declname is None:
+        typ.declname = decl.name
+
+    return decl
+
+
+def _fix_atomic_specifiers_once(decl):
+    """ Performs one 'fix' round of atomic specifiers.
+        Returns (modified_decl, found) where found is True iff a fix was made.
+    """
+    parent = decl
+    grandparent = None
+    node = decl.type
+    while node is not None:
+        if isinstance(node, c_ast.Typename) and '_Atomic' in node.quals:
+            break
+        try:
+            grandparent = parent
+            parent = node
+            node = node.type
+        except AttributeError:
+            # If we've reached a node without a `type` field, it means we won't
+            # find what we're looking for at this point; give up the search
+            # and return the original decl unmodified.
+            return decl, False
+
+    assert isinstance(parent, c_ast.TypeDecl)
+    grandparent.type = node.type
+    if '_Atomic' not in node.type.quals:
+        node.type.quals.append('_Atomic')
+    return decl, True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_ast.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_ast.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6575a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_ast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1125 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ** ATTENTION **
+# This code was automatically generated from the file:
+# _c_ast.cfg
+#
+# Do not modify it directly. Modify the configuration file and
+# run the generator again.
+# ** ** *** ** **
+#
+# pycparser: c_ast.py
+#
+# AST Node classes.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+import sys
+
+def _repr(obj):
+    """
+    Get the representation of an object, with dedicated pprint-like format for lists.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        return '[' + (',\n '.join((_repr(e).replace('\n', '\n ') for e in obj))) + '\n]'
+    else:
+        return repr(obj)
+
+class Node(object):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    """ Abstract base class for AST nodes.
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """ Generates a python representation of the current node
+        """
+        result = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
+
+        indent = ''
+        separator = ''
+        for name in self.__slots__[:-2]:
+            result += separator
+            result += indent
+            result += name + '=' + (_repr(getattr(self, name)).replace('\n', '\n  ' + (' ' * (len(name) + len(self.__class__.__name__)))))
+
+            separator = ','
+            indent = '\n ' + (' ' * len(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        result += indent + ')'
+
+        return result
+
+    def children(self):
+        """ A sequence of all children that are Nodes
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def show(self, buf=sys.stdout, offset=0, attrnames=False, nodenames=False, showcoord=False, _my_node_name=None):
+        """ Pretty print the Node and all its attributes and
+            children (recursively) to a buffer.
+
+            buf:
+                Open IO buffer into which the Node is printed.
+
+            offset:
+                Initial offset (amount of leading spaces)
+
+            attrnames:
+                True if you want to see the attribute names in
+                name=value pairs. False to only see the values.
+
+            nodenames:
+                True if you want to see the actual node names
+                within their parents.
+
+            showcoord:
+                Do you want the coordinates of each Node to be
+                displayed.
+        """
+        lead = ' ' * offset
+        if nodenames and _my_node_name is not None:
+            buf.write(lead + self.__class__.__name__+ ' <' + _my_node_name + '>: ')
+        else:
+            buf.write(lead + self.__class__.__name__+ ': ')
+
+        if self.attr_names:
+            if attrnames:
+                nvlist = [(n, getattr(self,n)) for n in self.attr_names]
+                attrstr = ', '.join('%s=%s' % nv for nv in nvlist)
+            else:
+                vlist = [getattr(self, n) for n in self.attr_names]
+                attrstr = ', '.join('%s' % v for v in vlist)
+            buf.write(attrstr)
+
+        if showcoord:
+            buf.write(' (at %s)' % self.coord)
+        buf.write('\n')
+
+        for (child_name, child) in self.children():
+            child.show(
+                buf,
+                offset=offset + 2,
+                attrnames=attrnames,
+                nodenames=nodenames,
+                showcoord=showcoord,
+                _my_node_name=child_name)
+
+
+class NodeVisitor(object):
+    """ A base NodeVisitor class for visiting c_ast nodes.
+        Subclass it and define your own visit_XXX methods, where
+        XXX is the class name you want to visit with these
+        methods.
+
+        For example:
+
+        class ConstantVisitor(NodeVisitor):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.values = []
+
+            def visit_Constant(self, node):
+                self.values.append(node.value)
+
+        Creates a list of values of all the constant nodes
+        encountered below the given node. To use it:
+
+        cv = ConstantVisitor()
+        cv.visit(node)
+
+        Notes:
+
+        *   generic_visit() will be called for AST nodes for which
+            no visit_XXX method was defined.
+        *   The children of nodes for which a visit_XXX was
+            defined will not be visited - if you need this, call
+            generic_visit() on the node.
+            You can use:
+                NodeVisitor.generic_visit(self, node)
+        *   Modeled after Python's own AST visiting facilities
+            (the ast module of Python 3.0)
+    """
+
+    _method_cache = None
+
+    def visit(self, node):
+        """ Visit a node.
+        """
+
+        if self._method_cache is None:
+            self._method_cache = {}
+
+        visitor = self._method_cache.get(node.__class__.__name__, None)
+        if visitor is None:
+            method = 'visit_' + node.__class__.__name__
+            visitor = getattr(self, method, self.generic_visit)
+            self._method_cache[node.__class__.__name__] = visitor
+
+        return visitor(node)
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node):
+        """ Called if no explicit visitor function exists for a
+            node. Implements preorder visiting of the node.
+        """
+        for c in node:
+            self.visit(c)
+
+class ArrayDecl(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('type', 'dim', 'dim_quals', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, type, dim, dim_quals, coord=None):
+        self.type = type
+        self.dim = dim
+        self.dim_quals = dim_quals
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        if self.dim is not None: nodelist.append(("dim", self.dim))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+        if self.dim is not None:
+            yield self.dim
+
+    attr_names = ('dim_quals', )
+
+class ArrayRef(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'subscript', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, subscript, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.subscript = subscript
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.name is not None: nodelist.append(("name", self.name))
+        if self.subscript is not None: nodelist.append(("subscript", self.subscript))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.name is not None:
+            yield self.name
+        if self.subscript is not None:
+            yield self.subscript
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Assignment(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('op', 'lvalue', 'rvalue', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, op, lvalue, rvalue, coord=None):
+        self.op = op
+        self.lvalue = lvalue
+        self.rvalue = rvalue
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.lvalue is not None: nodelist.append(("lvalue", self.lvalue))
+        if self.rvalue is not None: nodelist.append(("rvalue", self.rvalue))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.lvalue is not None:
+            yield self.lvalue
+        if self.rvalue is not None:
+            yield self.rvalue
+
+    attr_names = ('op', )
+
+class Alignas(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('alignment', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, alignment, coord=None):
+        self.alignment = alignment
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.alignment is not None: nodelist.append(("alignment", self.alignment))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.alignment is not None:
+            yield self.alignment
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class BinaryOp(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('op', 'left', 'right', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, op, left, right, coord=None):
+        self.op = op
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.left is not None: nodelist.append(("left", self.left))
+        if self.right is not None: nodelist.append(("right", self.right))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.left is not None:
+            yield self.left
+        if self.right is not None:
+            yield self.right
+
+    attr_names = ('op', )
+
+class Break(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, coord=None):
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        return ()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Case(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('expr', 'stmts', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, expr, stmts, coord=None):
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.stmts = stmts
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.expr is not None: nodelist.append(("expr", self.expr))
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.stmts or []):
+            nodelist.append(("stmts[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            yield self.expr
+        for child in (self.stmts or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Cast(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('to_type', 'expr', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, to_type, expr, coord=None):
+        self.to_type = to_type
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.to_type is not None: nodelist.append(("to_type", self.to_type))
+        if self.expr is not None: nodelist.append(("expr", self.expr))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.to_type is not None:
+            yield self.to_type
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            yield self.expr
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Compound(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('block_items', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, block_items, coord=None):
+        self.block_items = block_items
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.block_items or []):
+            nodelist.append(("block_items[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.block_items or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class CompoundLiteral(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('type', 'init', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, type, init, coord=None):
+        self.type = type
+        self.init = init
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        if self.init is not None: nodelist.append(("init", self.init))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+        if self.init is not None:
+            yield self.init
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Constant(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('type', 'value', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, type, value, coord=None):
+        self.type = type
+        self.value = value
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ('type', 'value', )
+
+class Continue(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, coord=None):
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        return ()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Decl(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'quals', 'align', 'storage', 'funcspec', 'type', 'init', 'bitsize', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, quals, align, storage, funcspec, type, init, bitsize, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.quals = quals
+        self.align = align
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.funcspec = funcspec
+        self.type = type
+        self.init = init
+        self.bitsize = bitsize
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        if self.init is not None: nodelist.append(("init", self.init))
+        if self.bitsize is not None: nodelist.append(("bitsize", self.bitsize))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+        if self.init is not None:
+            yield self.init
+        if self.bitsize is not None:
+            yield self.bitsize
+
+    attr_names = ('name', 'quals', 'align', 'storage', 'funcspec', )
+
+class DeclList(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('decls', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, decls, coord=None):
+        self.decls = decls
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.decls or []):
+            nodelist.append(("decls[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.decls or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Default(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('stmts', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, stmts, coord=None):
+        self.stmts = stmts
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.stmts or []):
+            nodelist.append(("stmts[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.stmts or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class DoWhile(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'stmt', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, stmt, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.stmt = stmt
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.stmt is not None: nodelist.append(("stmt", self.stmt))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.stmt is not None:
+            yield self.stmt
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class EllipsisParam(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, coord=None):
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        return ()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class EmptyStatement(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, coord=None):
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        return ()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Enum(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'values', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, values, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.values = values
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.values is not None: nodelist.append(("values", self.values))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.values is not None:
+            yield self.values
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class Enumerator(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'value', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, value, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.value is not None: nodelist.append(("value", self.value))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.value is not None:
+            yield self.value
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class EnumeratorList(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('enumerators', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, enumerators, coord=None):
+        self.enumerators = enumerators
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.enumerators or []):
+            nodelist.append(("enumerators[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.enumerators or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class ExprList(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('exprs', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, exprs, coord=None):
+        self.exprs = exprs
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.exprs or []):
+            nodelist.append(("exprs[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.exprs or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class FileAST(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('ext', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, ext, coord=None):
+        self.ext = ext
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.ext or []):
+            nodelist.append(("ext[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.ext or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class For(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('init', 'cond', 'next', 'stmt', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, init, cond, next, stmt, coord=None):
+        self.init = init
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.next = next
+        self.stmt = stmt
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.init is not None: nodelist.append(("init", self.init))
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.next is not None: nodelist.append(("next", self.next))
+        if self.stmt is not None: nodelist.append(("stmt", self.stmt))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.init is not None:
+            yield self.init
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.next is not None:
+            yield self.next
+        if self.stmt is not None:
+            yield self.stmt
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class FuncCall(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'args', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, args, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.args = args
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.name is not None: nodelist.append(("name", self.name))
+        if self.args is not None: nodelist.append(("args", self.args))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.name is not None:
+            yield self.name
+        if self.args is not None:
+            yield self.args
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class FuncDecl(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('args', 'type', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, args, type, coord=None):
+        self.args = args
+        self.type = type
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.args is not None: nodelist.append(("args", self.args))
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.args is not None:
+            yield self.args
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class FuncDef(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('decl', 'param_decls', 'body', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, decl, param_decls, body, coord=None):
+        self.decl = decl
+        self.param_decls = param_decls
+        self.body = body
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.decl is not None: nodelist.append(("decl", self.decl))
+        if self.body is not None: nodelist.append(("body", self.body))
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.param_decls or []):
+            nodelist.append(("param_decls[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.decl is not None:
+            yield self.decl
+        if self.body is not None:
+            yield self.body
+        for child in (self.param_decls or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Goto(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class ID(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class IdentifierType(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('names', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, names, coord=None):
+        self.names = names
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ('names', )
+
+class If(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'iftrue', 'iffalse', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, iftrue, iffalse, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.iftrue = iftrue
+        self.iffalse = iffalse
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.iftrue is not None: nodelist.append(("iftrue", self.iftrue))
+        if self.iffalse is not None: nodelist.append(("iffalse", self.iffalse))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.iftrue is not None:
+            yield self.iftrue
+        if self.iffalse is not None:
+            yield self.iffalse
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class InitList(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('exprs', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, exprs, coord=None):
+        self.exprs = exprs
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.exprs or []):
+            nodelist.append(("exprs[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.exprs or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Label(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'stmt', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, stmt, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.stmt = stmt
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.stmt is not None: nodelist.append(("stmt", self.stmt))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.stmt is not None:
+            yield self.stmt
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class NamedInitializer(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'expr', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, expr, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.expr is not None: nodelist.append(("expr", self.expr))
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.name or []):
+            nodelist.append(("name[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            yield self.expr
+        for child in (self.name or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class ParamList(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('params', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, params, coord=None):
+        self.params = params
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.params or []):
+            nodelist.append(("params[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.params or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class PtrDecl(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('quals', 'type', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, quals, type, coord=None):
+        self.quals = quals
+        self.type = type
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+
+    attr_names = ('quals', )
+
+class Return(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('expr', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, expr, coord=None):
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.expr is not None: nodelist.append(("expr", self.expr))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            yield self.expr
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class StaticAssert(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'message', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, message, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.message = message
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.message is not None: nodelist.append(("message", self.message))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.message is not None:
+            yield self.message
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Struct(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'decls', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, decls, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.decls = decls
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.decls or []):
+            nodelist.append(("decls[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.decls or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class StructRef(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'type', 'field', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, type, field, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type = type
+        self.field = field
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.name is not None: nodelist.append(("name", self.name))
+        if self.field is not None: nodelist.append(("field", self.field))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.name is not None:
+            yield self.name
+        if self.field is not None:
+            yield self.field
+
+    attr_names = ('type', )
+
+class Switch(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'stmt', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, stmt, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.stmt = stmt
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.stmt is not None: nodelist.append(("stmt", self.stmt))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.stmt is not None:
+            yield self.stmt
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class TernaryOp(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'iftrue', 'iffalse', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, iftrue, iffalse, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.iftrue = iftrue
+        self.iffalse = iffalse
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.iftrue is not None: nodelist.append(("iftrue", self.iftrue))
+        if self.iffalse is not None: nodelist.append(("iffalse", self.iffalse))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.iftrue is not None:
+            yield self.iftrue
+        if self.iffalse is not None:
+            yield self.iffalse
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class TypeDecl(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('declname', 'quals', 'align', 'type', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, declname, quals, align, type, coord=None):
+        self.declname = declname
+        self.quals = quals
+        self.align = align
+        self.type = type
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+
+    attr_names = ('declname', 'quals', 'align', )
+
+class Typedef(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'quals', 'storage', 'type', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, quals, storage, type, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.quals = quals
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.type = type
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+
+    attr_names = ('name', 'quals', 'storage', )
+
+class Typename(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'quals', 'align', 'type', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, quals, align, type, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.quals = quals
+        self.align = align
+        self.type = type
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.type is not None: nodelist.append(("type", self.type))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.type is not None:
+            yield self.type
+
+    attr_names = ('name', 'quals', 'align', )
+
+class UnaryOp(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('op', 'expr', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, op, expr, coord=None):
+        self.op = op
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.expr is not None: nodelist.append(("expr", self.expr))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            yield self.expr
+
+    attr_names = ('op', )
+
+class Union(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('name', 'decls', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, name, decls, coord=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.decls = decls
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.decls or []):
+            nodelist.append(("decls[%d]" % i, child))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in (self.decls or []):
+            yield child
+
+    attr_names = ('name', )
+
+class While(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('cond', 'stmt', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, cond, stmt, coord=None):
+        self.cond = cond
+        self.stmt = stmt
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        if self.cond is not None: nodelist.append(("cond", self.cond))
+        if self.stmt is not None: nodelist.append(("stmt", self.stmt))
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.cond is not None:
+            yield self.cond
+        if self.stmt is not None:
+            yield self.stmt
+
+    attr_names = ()
+
+class Pragma(Node):
+    __slots__ = ('string', 'coord', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, string, coord=None):
+        self.string = string
+        self.coord = coord
+
+    def children(self):
+        nodelist = []
+        return tuple(nodelist)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return
+        yield
+
+    attr_names = ('string', )
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_generator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_generator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1057b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_generator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: c_generator.py
+#
+# C code generator from pycparser AST nodes.
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from . import c_ast
+
+
+class CGenerator(object):
+    """ Uses the same visitor pattern as c_ast.NodeVisitor, but modified to
+        return a value from each visit method, using string accumulation in
+        generic_visit.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, reduce_parentheses=False):
+        """ Constructs C-code generator
+
+            reduce_parentheses:
+                if True, eliminates needless parentheses on binary operators
+        """
+        # Statements start with indentation of self.indent_level spaces, using
+        # the _make_indent method.
+        self.indent_level = 0
+        self.reduce_parentheses = reduce_parentheses
+
+    def _make_indent(self):
+        return ' ' * self.indent_level
+
+    def visit(self, node):
+        method = 'visit_' + node.__class__.__name__
+        return getattr(self, method, self.generic_visit)(node)
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node):
+        if node is None:
+            return ''
+        else:
+            return ''.join(self.visit(c) for c_name, c in node.children())
+
+    def visit_Constant(self, n):
+        return n.value
+
+    def visit_ID(self, n):
+        return n.name
+
+    def visit_Pragma(self, n):
+        ret = '#pragma'
+        if n.string:
+            ret += ' ' + n.string
+        return ret
+
+    def visit_ArrayRef(self, n):
+        arrref = self._parenthesize_unless_simple(n.name)
+        return arrref + '[' + self.visit(n.subscript) + ']'
+
+    def visit_StructRef(self, n):
+        sref = self._parenthesize_unless_simple(n.name)
+        return sref + n.type + self.visit(n.field)
+
+    def visit_FuncCall(self, n):
+        fref = self._parenthesize_unless_simple(n.name)
+        return fref + '(' + self.visit(n.args) + ')'
+
+    def visit_UnaryOp(self, n):
+        if n.op == 'sizeof':
+            # Always parenthesize the argument of sizeof since it can be
+            # a name.
+            return 'sizeof(%s)' % self.visit(n.expr)
+        else:
+            operand = self._parenthesize_unless_simple(n.expr)
+            if n.op == 'p++':
+                return '%s++' % operand
+            elif n.op == 'p--':
+                return '%s--' % operand
+            else:
+                return '%s%s' % (n.op, operand)
+
+    # Precedence map of binary operators:
+    precedence_map = {
+        # Should be in sync with c_parser.CParser.precedence
+        # Higher numbers are stronger binding
+        '||': 0,  # weakest binding
+        '&&': 1,
+        '|': 2,
+        '^': 3,
+        '&': 4,
+        '==': 5, '!=': 5,
+        '>': 6, '>=': 6, '<': 6, '<=': 6,
+        '>>': 7, '<<': 7,
+        '+': 8, '-': 8,
+        '*': 9, '/': 9, '%': 9  # strongest binding
+    }
+
+    def visit_BinaryOp(self, n):
+        # Note: all binary operators are left-to-right associative
+        #
+        # If `n.left.op` has a stronger or equally binding precedence in
+        # comparison to `n.op`, no parenthesis are needed for the left:
+        # e.g., `(a*b) + c` is equivalent to `a*b + c`, as well as
+        #       `(a+b) - c` is equivalent to `a+b - c` (same precedence).
+        # If the left operator is weaker binding than the current, then
+        # parentheses are necessary:
+        # e.g., `(a+b) * c` is NOT equivalent to `a+b * c`.
+        lval_str = self._parenthesize_if(
+            n.left,
+            lambda d: not (self._is_simple_node(d) or
+                      self.reduce_parentheses and isinstance(d, c_ast.BinaryOp) and
+                      self.precedence_map[d.op] >= self.precedence_map[n.op]))
+        # If `n.right.op` has a stronger -but not equal- binding precedence,
+        # parenthesis can be omitted on the right:
+        # e.g., `a + (b*c)` is equivalent to `a + b*c`.
+        # If the right operator is weaker or equally binding, then parentheses
+        # are necessary:
+        # e.g., `a * (b+c)` is NOT equivalent to `a * b+c` and
+        #       `a - (b+c)` is NOT equivalent to `a - b+c` (same precedence).
+        rval_str = self._parenthesize_if(
+            n.right,
+            lambda d: not (self._is_simple_node(d) or
+                      self.reduce_parentheses and isinstance(d, c_ast.BinaryOp) and
+                      self.precedence_map[d.op] > self.precedence_map[n.op]))
+        return '%s %s %s' % (lval_str, n.op, rval_str)
+
+    def visit_Assignment(self, n):
+        rval_str = self._parenthesize_if(
+                            n.rvalue,
+                            lambda n: isinstance(n, c_ast.Assignment))
+        return '%s %s %s' % (self.visit(n.lvalue), n.op, rval_str)
+
+    def visit_IdentifierType(self, n):
+        return ' '.join(n.names)
+
+    def _visit_expr(self, n):
+        if isinstance(n, c_ast.InitList):
+            return '{' + self.visit(n) + '}'
+        elif isinstance(n, c_ast.ExprList):
+            return '(' + self.visit(n) + ')'
+        else:
+            return self.visit(n)
+
+    def visit_Decl(self, n, no_type=False):
+        # no_type is used when a Decl is part of a DeclList, where the type is
+        # explicitly only for the first declaration in a list.
+        #
+        s = n.name if no_type else self._generate_decl(n)
+        if n.bitsize: s += ' : ' + self.visit(n.bitsize)
+        if n.init:
+            s += ' = ' + self._visit_expr(n.init)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_DeclList(self, n):
+        s = self.visit(n.decls[0])
+        if len(n.decls) > 1:
+            s += ', ' + ', '.join(self.visit_Decl(decl, no_type=True)
+                                    for decl in n.decls[1:])
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Typedef(self, n):
+        s = ''
+        if n.storage: s += ' '.join(n.storage) + ' '
+        s += self._generate_type(n.type)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Cast(self, n):
+        s = '(' + self._generate_type(n.to_type, emit_declname=False) + ')'
+        return s + ' ' + self._parenthesize_unless_simple(n.expr)
+
+    def visit_ExprList(self, n):
+        visited_subexprs = []
+        for expr in n.exprs:
+            visited_subexprs.append(self._visit_expr(expr))
+        return ', '.join(visited_subexprs)
+
+    def visit_InitList(self, n):
+        visited_subexprs = []
+        for expr in n.exprs:
+            visited_subexprs.append(self._visit_expr(expr))
+        return ', '.join(visited_subexprs)
+
+    def visit_Enum(self, n):
+        return self._generate_struct_union_enum(n, name='enum')
+
+    def visit_Alignas(self, n):
+        return '_Alignas({})'.format(self.visit(n.alignment))
+
+    def visit_Enumerator(self, n):
+        if not n.value:
+            return '{indent}{name},\n'.format(
+                indent=self._make_indent(),
+                name=n.name,
+            )
+        else:
+            return '{indent}{name} = {value},\n'.format(
+                indent=self._make_indent(),
+                name=n.name,
+                value=self.visit(n.value),
+            )
+
+    def visit_FuncDef(self, n):
+        decl = self.visit(n.decl)
+        self.indent_level = 0
+        body = self.visit(n.body)
+        if n.param_decls:
+            knrdecls = ';\n'.join(self.visit(p) for p in n.param_decls)
+            return decl + '\n' + knrdecls + ';\n' + body + '\n'
+        else:
+            return decl + '\n' + body + '\n'
+
+    def visit_FileAST(self, n):
+        s = ''
+        for ext in n.ext:
+            if isinstance(ext, c_ast.FuncDef):
+                s += self.visit(ext)
+            elif isinstance(ext, c_ast.Pragma):
+                s += self.visit(ext) + '\n'
+            else:
+                s += self.visit(ext) + ';\n'
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Compound(self, n):
+        s = self._make_indent() + '{\n'
+        self.indent_level += 2
+        if n.block_items:
+            s += ''.join(self._generate_stmt(stmt) for stmt in n.block_items)
+        self.indent_level -= 2
+        s += self._make_indent() + '}\n'
+        return s
+
+    def visit_CompoundLiteral(self, n):
+        return '(' + self.visit(n.type) + '){' + self.visit(n.init) + '}'
+
+
+    def visit_EmptyStatement(self, n):
+        return ';'
+
+    def visit_ParamList(self, n):
+        return ', '.join(self.visit(param) for param in n.params)
+
+    def visit_Return(self, n):
+        s = 'return'
+        if n.expr: s += ' ' + self.visit(n.expr)
+        return s + ';'
+
+    def visit_Break(self, n):
+        return 'break;'
+
+    def visit_Continue(self, n):
+        return 'continue;'
+
+    def visit_TernaryOp(self, n):
+        s  = '(' + self._visit_expr(n.cond) + ') ? '
+        s += '(' + self._visit_expr(n.iftrue) + ') : '
+        s += '(' + self._visit_expr(n.iffalse) + ')'
+        return s
+
+    def visit_If(self, n):
+        s = 'if ('
+        if n.cond: s += self.visit(n.cond)
+        s += ')\n'
+        s += self._generate_stmt(n.iftrue, add_indent=True)
+        if n.iffalse:
+            s += self._make_indent() + 'else\n'
+            s += self._generate_stmt(n.iffalse, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_For(self, n):
+        s = 'for ('
+        if n.init: s += self.visit(n.init)
+        s += ';'
+        if n.cond: s += ' ' + self.visit(n.cond)
+        s += ';'
+        if n.next: s += ' ' + self.visit(n.next)
+        s += ')\n'
+        s += self._generate_stmt(n.stmt, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_While(self, n):
+        s = 'while ('
+        if n.cond: s += self.visit(n.cond)
+        s += ')\n'
+        s += self._generate_stmt(n.stmt, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_DoWhile(self, n):
+        s = 'do\n'
+        s += self._generate_stmt(n.stmt, add_indent=True)
+        s += self._make_indent() + 'while ('
+        if n.cond: s += self.visit(n.cond)
+        s += ');'
+        return s
+
+    def visit_StaticAssert(self, n):
+        s = '_Static_assert('
+        s += self.visit(n.cond)
+        if n.message:
+            s += ','
+            s += self.visit(n.message)
+        s += ')'
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Switch(self, n):
+        s = 'switch (' + self.visit(n.cond) + ')\n'
+        s += self._generate_stmt(n.stmt, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Case(self, n):
+        s = 'case ' + self.visit(n.expr) + ':\n'
+        for stmt in n.stmts:
+            s += self._generate_stmt(stmt, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Default(self, n):
+        s = 'default:\n'
+        for stmt in n.stmts:
+            s += self._generate_stmt(stmt, add_indent=True)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_Label(self, n):
+        return n.name + ':\n' + self._generate_stmt(n.stmt)
+
+    def visit_Goto(self, n):
+        return 'goto ' + n.name + ';'
+
+    def visit_EllipsisParam(self, n):
+        return '...'
+
+    def visit_Struct(self, n):
+        return self._generate_struct_union_enum(n, 'struct')
+
+    def visit_Typename(self, n):
+        return self._generate_type(n.type)
+
+    def visit_Union(self, n):
+        return self._generate_struct_union_enum(n, 'union')
+
+    def visit_NamedInitializer(self, n):
+        s = ''
+        for name in n.name:
+            if isinstance(name, c_ast.ID):
+                s += '.' + name.name
+            else:
+                s += '[' + self.visit(name) + ']'
+        s += ' = ' + self._visit_expr(n.expr)
+        return s
+
+    def visit_FuncDecl(self, n):
+        return self._generate_type(n)
+
+    def visit_ArrayDecl(self, n):
+        return self._generate_type(n, emit_declname=False)
+
+    def visit_TypeDecl(self, n):
+        return self._generate_type(n, emit_declname=False)
+
+    def visit_PtrDecl(self, n):
+        return self._generate_type(n, emit_declname=False)
+
+    def _generate_struct_union_enum(self, n, name):
+        """ Generates code for structs, unions, and enums. name should be
+            'struct', 'union', or 'enum'.
+        """
+        if name in ('struct', 'union'):
+            members = n.decls
+            body_function = self._generate_struct_union_body
+        else:
+            assert name == 'enum'
+            members = None if n.values is None else n.values.enumerators
+            body_function = self._generate_enum_body
+        s = name + ' ' + (n.name or '')
+        if members is not None:
+            # None means no members
+            # Empty sequence means an empty list of members
+            s += '\n'
+            s += self._make_indent()
+            self.indent_level += 2
+            s += '{\n'
+            s += body_function(members)
+            self.indent_level -= 2
+            s += self._make_indent() + '}'
+        return s
+
+    def _generate_struct_union_body(self, members):
+        return ''.join(self._generate_stmt(decl) for decl in members)
+
+    def _generate_enum_body(self, members):
+        # `[:-2] + '\n'` removes the final `,` from the enumerator list
+        return ''.join(self.visit(value) for value in members)[:-2] + '\n'
+
+    def _generate_stmt(self, n, add_indent=False):
+        """ Generation from a statement node. This method exists as a wrapper
+            for individual visit_* methods to handle different treatment of
+            some statements in this context.
+        """
+        typ = type(n)
+        if add_indent: self.indent_level += 2
+        indent = self._make_indent()
+        if add_indent: self.indent_level -= 2
+
+        if typ in (
+                c_ast.Decl, c_ast.Assignment, c_ast.Cast, c_ast.UnaryOp,
+                c_ast.BinaryOp, c_ast.TernaryOp, c_ast.FuncCall, c_ast.ArrayRef,
+                c_ast.StructRef, c_ast.Constant, c_ast.ID, c_ast.Typedef,
+                c_ast.ExprList):
+            # These can also appear in an expression context so no semicolon
+            # is added to them automatically
+            #
+            return indent + self.visit(n) + ';\n'
+        elif typ in (c_ast.Compound,):
+            # No extra indentation required before the opening brace of a
+            # compound - because it consists of multiple lines it has to
+            # compute its own indentation.
+            #
+            return self.visit(n)
+        elif typ in (c_ast.If,):
+            return indent + self.visit(n)
+        else:
+            return indent + self.visit(n) + '\n'
+
+    def _generate_decl(self, n):
+        """ Generation from a Decl node.
+        """
+        s = ''
+        if n.funcspec: s = ' '.join(n.funcspec) + ' '
+        if n.storage: s += ' '.join(n.storage) + ' '
+        if n.align: s += self.visit(n.align[0]) + ' '
+        s += self._generate_type(n.type)
+        return s
+
+    def _generate_type(self, n, modifiers=[], emit_declname = True):
+        """ Recursive generation from a type node. n is the type node.
+            modifiers collects the PtrDecl, ArrayDecl and FuncDecl modifiers
+            encountered on the way down to a TypeDecl, to allow proper
+            generation from it.
+        """
+        typ = type(n)
+        #~ print(n, modifiers)
+
+        if typ == c_ast.TypeDecl:
+            s = ''
+            if n.quals: s += ' '.join(n.quals) + ' '
+            s += self.visit(n.type)
+
+            nstr = n.declname if n.declname and emit_declname else ''
+            # Resolve modifiers.
+            # Wrap in parens to distinguish pointer to array and pointer to
+            # function syntax.
+            #
+            for i, modifier in enumerate(modifiers):
+                if isinstance(modifier, c_ast.ArrayDecl):
+                    if (i != 0 and
+                        isinstance(modifiers[i - 1], c_ast.PtrDecl)):
+                            nstr = '(' + nstr + ')'
+                    nstr += '['
+                    if modifier.dim_quals:
+                        nstr += ' '.join(modifier.dim_quals) + ' '
+                    nstr += self.visit(modifier.dim) + ']'
+                elif isinstance(modifier, c_ast.FuncDecl):
+                    if (i != 0 and
+                        isinstance(modifiers[i - 1], c_ast.PtrDecl)):
+                            nstr = '(' + nstr + ')'
+                    nstr += '(' + self.visit(modifier.args) + ')'
+                elif isinstance(modifier, c_ast.PtrDecl):
+                    if modifier.quals:
+                        nstr = '* %s%s' % (' '.join(modifier.quals),
+                                           ' ' + nstr if nstr else '')
+                    else:
+                        nstr = '*' + nstr
+            if nstr: s += ' ' + nstr
+            return s
+        elif typ == c_ast.Decl:
+            return self._generate_decl(n.type)
+        elif typ == c_ast.Typename:
+            return self._generate_type(n.type, emit_declname = emit_declname)
+        elif typ == c_ast.IdentifierType:
+            return ' '.join(n.names) + ' '
+        elif typ in (c_ast.ArrayDecl, c_ast.PtrDecl, c_ast.FuncDecl):
+            return self._generate_type(n.type, modifiers + [n],
+                                       emit_declname = emit_declname)
+        else:
+            return self.visit(n)
+
+    def _parenthesize_if(self, n, condition):
+        """ Visits 'n' and returns its string representation, parenthesized
+            if the condition function applied to the node returns True.
+        """
+        s = self._visit_expr(n)
+        if condition(n):
+            return '(' + s + ')'
+        else:
+            return s
+
+    def _parenthesize_unless_simple(self, n):
+        """ Common use case for _parenthesize_if
+        """
+        return self._parenthesize_if(n, lambda d: not self._is_simple_node(d))
+
+    def _is_simple_node(self, n):
+        """ Returns True for nodes that are "simple" - i.e. nodes that always
+            have higher precedence than operators.
+        """
+        return isinstance(n, (c_ast.Constant, c_ast.ID, c_ast.ArrayRef,
+                              c_ast.StructRef, c_ast.FuncCall))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_lexer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_lexer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22c64bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_lexer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: c_lexer.py
+#
+# CLexer class: lexer for the C language
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import re
+
+from .ply import lex
+from .ply.lex import TOKEN
+
+
+class CLexer(object):
+    """ A lexer for the C language. After building it, set the
+        input text with input(), and call token() to get new
+        tokens.
+
+        The public attribute filename can be set to an initial
+        filename, but the lexer will update it upon #line
+        directives.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, error_func, on_lbrace_func, on_rbrace_func,
+                 type_lookup_func):
+        """ Create a new Lexer.
+
+            error_func:
+                An error function. Will be called with an error
+                message, line and column as arguments, in case of
+                an error during lexing.
+
+            on_lbrace_func, on_rbrace_func:
+                Called when an LBRACE or RBRACE is encountered
+                (likely to push/pop type_lookup_func's scope)
+
+            type_lookup_func:
+                A type lookup function. Given a string, it must
+                return True IFF this string is a name of a type
+                that was defined with a typedef earlier.
+        """
+        self.error_func = error_func
+        self.on_lbrace_func = on_lbrace_func
+        self.on_rbrace_func = on_rbrace_func
+        self.type_lookup_func = type_lookup_func
+        self.filename = ''
+
+        # Keeps track of the last token returned from self.token()
+        self.last_token = None
+
+        # Allow either "# line" or "# <num>" to support GCC's
+        # cpp output
+        #
+        self.line_pattern = re.compile(r'([ \t]*line\W)|([ \t]*\d+)')
+        self.pragma_pattern = re.compile(r'[ \t]*pragma\W')
+
+    def build(self, **kwargs):
+        """ Builds the lexer from the specification. Must be
+            called after the lexer object is created.
+
+            This method exists separately, because the PLY
+            manual warns against calling lex.lex inside
+            __init__
+        """
+        self.lexer = lex.lex(object=self, **kwargs)
+
+    def reset_lineno(self):
+        """ Resets the internal line number counter of the lexer.
+        """
+        self.lexer.lineno = 1
+
+    def input(self, text):
+        self.lexer.input(text)
+
+    def token(self):
+        self.last_token = self.lexer.token()
+        return self.last_token
+
+    def find_tok_column(self, token):
+        """ Find the column of the token in its line.
+        """
+        last_cr = self.lexer.lexdata.rfind('\n', 0, token.lexpos)
+        return token.lexpos - last_cr
+
+    ######################--   PRIVATE   --######################
+
+    ##
+    ## Internal auxiliary methods
+    ##
+    def _error(self, msg, token):
+        location = self._make_tok_location(token)
+        self.error_func(msg, location[0], location[1])
+        self.lexer.skip(1)
+
+    def _make_tok_location(self, token):
+        return (token.lineno, self.find_tok_column(token))
+
+    ##
+    ## Reserved keywords
+    ##
+    keywords = (
+        'AUTO', 'BREAK', 'CASE', 'CHAR', 'CONST',
+        'CONTINUE', 'DEFAULT', 'DO', 'DOUBLE', 'ELSE', 'ENUM', 'EXTERN',
+        'FLOAT', 'FOR', 'GOTO', 'IF', 'INLINE', 'INT', 'LONG',
+        'REGISTER', 'OFFSETOF',
+        'RESTRICT', 'RETURN', 'SHORT', 'SIGNED', 'SIZEOF', 'STATIC', 'STRUCT',
+        'SWITCH', 'TYPEDEF', 'UNION', 'UNSIGNED', 'VOID',
+        'VOLATILE', 'WHILE', '__INT128',
+    )
+
+    keywords_new = (
+        '_BOOL', '_COMPLEX',
+        '_NORETURN', '_THREAD_LOCAL', '_STATIC_ASSERT',
+        '_ATOMIC', '_ALIGNOF', '_ALIGNAS',
+        '_PRAGMA',
+        )
+
+    keyword_map = {}
+
+    for keyword in keywords:
+        keyword_map[keyword.lower()] = keyword
+
+    for keyword in keywords_new:
+        keyword_map[keyword[:2].upper() + keyword[2:].lower()] = keyword
+
+    ##
+    ## All the tokens recognized by the lexer
+    ##
+    tokens = keywords + keywords_new + (
+        # Identifiers
+        'ID',
+
+        # Type identifiers (identifiers previously defined as
+        # types with typedef)
+        'TYPEID',
+
+        # constants
+        'INT_CONST_DEC', 'INT_CONST_OCT', 'INT_CONST_HEX', 'INT_CONST_BIN', 'INT_CONST_CHAR',
+        'FLOAT_CONST', 'HEX_FLOAT_CONST',
+        'CHAR_CONST',
+        'WCHAR_CONST',
+        'U8CHAR_CONST',
+        'U16CHAR_CONST',
+        'U32CHAR_CONST',
+
+        # String literals
+        'STRING_LITERAL',
+        'WSTRING_LITERAL',
+        'U8STRING_LITERAL',
+        'U16STRING_LITERAL',
+        'U32STRING_LITERAL',
+
+        # Operators
+        'PLUS', 'MINUS', 'TIMES', 'DIVIDE', 'MOD',
+        'OR', 'AND', 'NOT', 'XOR', 'LSHIFT', 'RSHIFT',
+        'LOR', 'LAND', 'LNOT',
+        'LT', 'LE', 'GT', 'GE', 'EQ', 'NE',
+
+        # Assignment
+        'EQUALS', 'TIMESEQUAL', 'DIVEQUAL', 'MODEQUAL',
+        'PLUSEQUAL', 'MINUSEQUAL',
+        'LSHIFTEQUAL','RSHIFTEQUAL', 'ANDEQUAL', 'XOREQUAL',
+        'OREQUAL',
+
+        # Increment/decrement
+        'PLUSPLUS', 'MINUSMINUS',
+
+        # Structure dereference (->)
+        'ARROW',
+
+        # Conditional operator (?)
+        'CONDOP',
+
+        # Delimiters
+        'LPAREN', 'RPAREN',         # ( )
+        'LBRACKET', 'RBRACKET',     # [ ]
+        'LBRACE', 'RBRACE',         # { }
+        'COMMA', 'PERIOD',          # . ,
+        'SEMI', 'COLON',            # ; :
+
+        # Ellipsis (...)
+        'ELLIPSIS',
+
+        # pre-processor
+        'PPHASH',       # '#'
+        'PPPRAGMA',     # 'pragma'
+        'PPPRAGMASTR',
+    )
+
+    ##
+    ## Regexes for use in tokens
+    ##
+    ##
+
+    # valid C identifiers (K&R2: A.2.3), plus '$' (supported by some compilers)
+    identifier = r'[a-zA-Z_$][0-9a-zA-Z_$]*'
+
+    hex_prefix = '0[xX]'
+    hex_digits = '[0-9a-fA-F]+'
+    bin_prefix = '0[bB]'
+    bin_digits = '[01]+'
+
+    # integer constants (K&R2: A.2.5.1)
+    integer_suffix_opt = r'(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?'
+    decimal_constant = '(0'+integer_suffix_opt+')|([1-9][0-9]*'+integer_suffix_opt+')'
+    octal_constant = '0[0-7]*'+integer_suffix_opt
+    hex_constant = hex_prefix+hex_digits+integer_suffix_opt
+    bin_constant = bin_prefix+bin_digits+integer_suffix_opt
+
+    bad_octal_constant = '0[0-7]*[89]'
+
+    # character constants (K&R2: A.2.5.2)
+    # Note: a-zA-Z and '.-~^_!=&;,' are allowed as escape chars to support #line
+    # directives with Windows paths as filenames (..\..\dir\file)
+    # For the same reason, decimal_escape allows all digit sequences. We want to
+    # parse all correct code, even if it means to sometimes parse incorrect
+    # code.
+    #
+    # The original regexes were taken verbatim from the C syntax definition,
+    # and were later modified to avoid worst-case exponential running time.
+    #
+    #   simple_escape = r"""([a-zA-Z._~!=&\^\-\\?'"])"""
+    #   decimal_escape = r"""(\d+)"""
+    #   hex_escape = r"""(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)"""
+    #   bad_escape = r"""([\\][^a-zA-Z._~^!=&\^\-\\?'"x0-7])"""
+    #
+    # The following modifications were made to avoid the ambiguity that allowed backtracking:
+    # (https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/issues/61)
+    #
+    # - \x was removed from simple_escape, unless it was not followed by a hex digit, to avoid ambiguity with hex_escape.
+    # - hex_escape allows one or more hex characters, but requires that the next character(if any) is not hex
+    # - decimal_escape allows one or more decimal characters, but requires that the next character(if any) is not a decimal
+    # - bad_escape does not allow any decimals (8-9), to avoid conflicting with the permissive decimal_escape.
+    #
+    # Without this change, python's `re` module would recursively try parsing each ambiguous escape sequence in multiple ways.
+    # e.g. `\123` could be parsed as `\1`+`23`, `\12`+`3`, and `\123`.
+
+    simple_escape = r"""([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\^\-\\?'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))"""
+    decimal_escape = r"""(\d+)(?!\d)"""
+    hex_escape = r"""(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F])"""
+    bad_escape = r"""([\\][^a-zA-Z._~^!=&\^\-\\?'"x0-9])"""
+
+    escape_sequence = r"""(\\("""+simple_escape+'|'+decimal_escape+'|'+hex_escape+'))'
+
+    # This complicated regex with lookahead might be slow for strings, so because all of the valid escapes (including \x) allowed
+    # 0 or more non-escaped characters after the first character, simple_escape+decimal_escape+hex_escape got simplified to
+
+    escape_sequence_start_in_string = r"""(\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\^\-\\?'"])"""
+
+    cconst_char = r"""([^'\\\n]|"""+escape_sequence+')'
+    char_const = "'"+cconst_char+"'"
+    wchar_const = 'L'+char_const
+    u8char_const = 'u8'+char_const
+    u16char_const = 'u'+char_const
+    u32char_const = 'U'+char_const
+    multicharacter_constant = "'"+cconst_char+"{2,4}'"
+    unmatched_quote = "('"+cconst_char+"*\\n)|('"+cconst_char+"*$)"
+    bad_char_const = r"""('"""+cconst_char+"""[^'\n]+')|('')|('"""+bad_escape+r"""[^'\n]*')"""
+
+    # string literals (K&R2: A.2.6)
+    string_char = r"""([^"\\\n]|"""+escape_sequence_start_in_string+')'
+    string_literal = '"'+string_char+'*"'
+    wstring_literal = 'L'+string_literal
+    u8string_literal = 'u8'+string_literal
+    u16string_literal = 'u'+string_literal
+    u32string_literal = 'U'+string_literal
+    bad_string_literal = '"'+string_char+'*'+bad_escape+string_char+'*"'
+
+    # floating constants (K&R2: A.2.5.3)
+    exponent_part = r"""([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)"""
+    fractional_constant = r"""([0-9]*\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]+\.)"""
+    floating_constant = '(((('+fractional_constant+')'+exponent_part+'?)|([0-9]+'+exponent_part+'))[FfLl]?)'
+    binary_exponent_part = r'''([pP][+-]?[0-9]+)'''
+    hex_fractional_constant = '((('+hex_digits+r""")?\."""+hex_digits+')|('+hex_digits+r"""\.))"""
+    hex_floating_constant = '('+hex_prefix+'('+hex_digits+'|'+hex_fractional_constant+')'+binary_exponent_part+'[FfLl]?)'
+
+    ##
+    ## Lexer states: used for preprocessor \n-terminated directives
+    ##
+    states = (
+        # ppline: preprocessor line directives
+        #
+        ('ppline', 'exclusive'),
+
+        # pppragma: pragma
+        #
+        ('pppragma', 'exclusive'),
+    )
+
+    def t_PPHASH(self, t):
+        r'[ \t]*\#'
+        if self.line_pattern.match(t.lexer.lexdata, pos=t.lexer.lexpos):
+            t.lexer.begin('ppline')
+            self.pp_line = self.pp_filename = None
+        elif self.pragma_pattern.match(t.lexer.lexdata, pos=t.lexer.lexpos):
+            t.lexer.begin('pppragma')
+        else:
+            t.type = 'PPHASH'
+            return t
+
+    ##
+    ## Rules for the ppline state
+    ##
+    @TOKEN(string_literal)
+    def t_ppline_FILENAME(self, t):
+        if self.pp_line is None:
+            self._error('filename before line number in #line', t)
+        else:
+            self.pp_filename = t.value.lstrip('"').rstrip('"')
+
+    @TOKEN(decimal_constant)
+    def t_ppline_LINE_NUMBER(self, t):
+        if self.pp_line is None:
+            self.pp_line = t.value
+        else:
+            # Ignore: GCC's cpp sometimes inserts a numeric flag
+            # after the file name
+            pass
+
+    def t_ppline_NEWLINE(self, t):
+        r'\n'
+        if self.pp_line is None:
+            self._error('line number missing in #line', t)
+        else:
+            self.lexer.lineno = int(self.pp_line)
+
+            if self.pp_filename is not None:
+                self.filename = self.pp_filename
+
+        t.lexer.begin('INITIAL')
+
+    def t_ppline_PPLINE(self, t):
+        r'line'
+        pass
+
+    t_ppline_ignore = ' \t'
+
+    def t_ppline_error(self, t):
+        self._error('invalid #line directive', t)
+
+    ##
+    ## Rules for the pppragma state
+    ##
+    def t_pppragma_NEWLINE(self, t):
+        r'\n'
+        t.lexer.lineno += 1
+        t.lexer.begin('INITIAL')
+
+    def t_pppragma_PPPRAGMA(self, t):
+        r'pragma'
+        return t
+
+    t_pppragma_ignore = ' \t'
+
+    def t_pppragma_STR(self, t):
+        '.+'
+        t.type = 'PPPRAGMASTR'
+        return t
+
+    def t_pppragma_error(self, t):
+        self._error('invalid #pragma directive', t)
+
+    ##
+    ## Rules for the normal state
+    ##
+    t_ignore = ' \t'
+
+    # Newlines
+    def t_NEWLINE(self, t):
+        r'\n+'
+        t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n")
+
+    # Operators
+    t_PLUS              = r'\+'
+    t_MINUS             = r'-'
+    t_TIMES             = r'\*'
+    t_DIVIDE            = r'/'
+    t_MOD               = r'%'
+    t_OR                = r'\|'
+    t_AND               = r'&'
+    t_NOT               = r'~'
+    t_XOR               = r'\^'
+    t_LSHIFT            = r'<<'
+    t_RSHIFT            = r'>>'
+    t_LOR               = r'\|\|'
+    t_LAND              = r'&&'
+    t_LNOT              = r'!'
+    t_LT                = r'<'
+    t_GT                = r'>'
+    t_LE                = r'<='
+    t_GE                = r'>='
+    t_EQ                = r'=='
+    t_NE                = r'!='
+
+    # Assignment operators
+    t_EQUALS            = r'='
+    t_TIMESEQUAL        = r'\*='
+    t_DIVEQUAL          = r'/='
+    t_MODEQUAL          = r'%='
+    t_PLUSEQUAL         = r'\+='
+    t_MINUSEQUAL        = r'-='
+    t_LSHIFTEQUAL       = r'<<='
+    t_RSHIFTEQUAL       = r'>>='
+    t_ANDEQUAL          = r'&='
+    t_OREQUAL           = r'\|='
+    t_XOREQUAL          = r'\^='
+
+    # Increment/decrement
+    t_PLUSPLUS          = r'\+\+'
+    t_MINUSMINUS        = r'--'
+
+    # ->
+    t_ARROW             = r'->'
+
+    # ?
+    t_CONDOP            = r'\?'
+
+    # Delimiters
+    t_LPAREN            = r'\('
+    t_RPAREN            = r'\)'
+    t_LBRACKET          = r'\['
+    t_RBRACKET          = r'\]'
+    t_COMMA             = r','
+    t_PERIOD            = r'\.'
+    t_SEMI              = r';'
+    t_COLON             = r':'
+    t_ELLIPSIS          = r'\.\.\.'
+
+    # Scope delimiters
+    # To see why on_lbrace_func is needed, consider:
+    #   typedef char TT;
+    #   void foo(int TT) { TT = 10; }
+    #   TT x = 5;
+    # Outside the function, TT is a typedef, but inside (starting and ending
+    # with the braces) it's a parameter.  The trouble begins with yacc's
+    # lookahead token.  If we open a new scope in brace_open, then TT has
+    # already been read and incorrectly interpreted as TYPEID.  So, we need
+    # to open and close scopes from within the lexer.
+    # Similar for the TT immediately outside the end of the function.
+    #
+    @TOKEN(r'\{')
+    def t_LBRACE(self, t):
+        self.on_lbrace_func()
+        return t
+    @TOKEN(r'\}')
+    def t_RBRACE(self, t):
+        self.on_rbrace_func()
+        return t
+
+    t_STRING_LITERAL = string_literal
+
+    # The following floating and integer constants are defined as
+    # functions to impose a strict order (otherwise, decimal
+    # is placed before the others because its regex is longer,
+    # and this is bad)
+    #
+    @TOKEN(floating_constant)
+    def t_FLOAT_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(hex_floating_constant)
+    def t_HEX_FLOAT_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(hex_constant)
+    def t_INT_CONST_HEX(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(bin_constant)
+    def t_INT_CONST_BIN(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(bad_octal_constant)
+    def t_BAD_CONST_OCT(self, t):
+        msg = "Invalid octal constant"
+        self._error(msg, t)
+
+    @TOKEN(octal_constant)
+    def t_INT_CONST_OCT(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(decimal_constant)
+    def t_INT_CONST_DEC(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    # Must come before bad_char_const, to prevent it from
+    # catching valid char constants as invalid
+    #
+    @TOKEN(multicharacter_constant)
+    def t_INT_CONST_CHAR(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(char_const)
+    def t_CHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(wchar_const)
+    def t_WCHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u8char_const)
+    def t_U8CHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u16char_const)
+    def t_U16CHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u32char_const)
+    def t_U32CHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(unmatched_quote)
+    def t_UNMATCHED_QUOTE(self, t):
+        msg = "Unmatched '"
+        self._error(msg, t)
+
+    @TOKEN(bad_char_const)
+    def t_BAD_CHAR_CONST(self, t):
+        msg = "Invalid char constant %s" % t.value
+        self._error(msg, t)
+
+    @TOKEN(wstring_literal)
+    def t_WSTRING_LITERAL(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u8string_literal)
+    def t_U8STRING_LITERAL(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u16string_literal)
+    def t_U16STRING_LITERAL(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    @TOKEN(u32string_literal)
+    def t_U32STRING_LITERAL(self, t):
+        return t
+
+    # unmatched string literals are caught by the preprocessor
+
+    @TOKEN(bad_string_literal)
+    def t_BAD_STRING_LITERAL(self, t):
+        msg = "String contains invalid escape code"
+        self._error(msg, t)
+
+    @TOKEN(identifier)
+    def t_ID(self, t):
+        t.type = self.keyword_map.get(t.value, "ID")
+        if t.type == 'ID' and self.type_lookup_func(t.value):
+            t.type = "TYPEID"
+        return t
+
+    def t_error(self, t):
+        msg = 'Illegal character %s' % repr(t.value[0])
+        self._error(msg, t)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d31574a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/c_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1950 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# pycparser: c_parser.py
+#
+# CParser class: Parser and AST builder for the C language
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from .ply import yacc
+
+from . import c_ast
+from .c_lexer import CLexer
+from .plyparser import PLYParser, ParseError, parameterized, template
+from .ast_transforms import fix_switch_cases, fix_atomic_specifiers
+
+
+@template
+class CParser(PLYParser):
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            lex_optimize=True,
+            lexer=CLexer,
+            lextab='pycparser.lextab',
+            yacc_optimize=True,
+            yacctab='pycparser.yacctab',
+            yacc_debug=False,
+            taboutputdir=''):
+        """ Create a new CParser.
+
+            Some arguments for controlling the debug/optimization
+            level of the parser are provided. The defaults are
+            tuned for release/performance mode.
+            The simple rules for using them are:
+            *) When tweaking CParser/CLexer, set these to False
+            *) When releasing a stable parser, set to True
+
+            lex_optimize:
+                Set to False when you're modifying the lexer.
+                Otherwise, changes in the lexer won't be used, if
+                some lextab.py file exists.
+                When releasing with a stable lexer, set to True
+                to save the re-generation of the lexer table on
+                each run.
+
+            lexer:
+                Set this parameter to define the lexer to use if
+                you're not using the default CLexer.
+
+            lextab:
+                Points to the lex table that's used for optimized
+                mode. Only if you're modifying the lexer and want
+                some tests to avoid re-generating the table, make
+                this point to a local lex table file (that's been
+                earlier generated with lex_optimize=True)
+
+            yacc_optimize:
+                Set to False when you're modifying the parser.
+                Otherwise, changes in the parser won't be used, if
+                some parsetab.py file exists.
+                When releasing with a stable parser, set to True
+                to save the re-generation of the parser table on
+                each run.
+
+            yacctab:
+                Points to the yacc table that's used for optimized
+                mode. Only if you're modifying the parser, make
+                this point to a local yacc table file
+
+            yacc_debug:
+                Generate a parser.out file that explains how yacc
+                built the parsing table from the grammar.
+
+            taboutputdir:
+                Set this parameter to control the location of generated
+                lextab and yacctab files.
+        """
+        self.clex = lexer(
+            error_func=self._lex_error_func,
+            on_lbrace_func=self._lex_on_lbrace_func,
+            on_rbrace_func=self._lex_on_rbrace_func,
+            type_lookup_func=self._lex_type_lookup_func)
+
+        self.clex.build(
+            optimize=lex_optimize,
+            lextab=lextab,
+            outputdir=taboutputdir)
+        self.tokens = self.clex.tokens
+
+        rules_with_opt = [
+            'abstract_declarator',
+            'assignment_expression',
+            'declaration_list',
+            'declaration_specifiers_no_type',
+            'designation',
+            'expression',
+            'identifier_list',
+            'init_declarator_list',
+            'id_init_declarator_list',
+            'initializer_list',
+            'parameter_type_list',
+            'block_item_list',
+            'type_qualifier_list',
+            'struct_declarator_list'
+        ]
+
+        for rule in rules_with_opt:
+            self._create_opt_rule(rule)
+
+        self.cparser = yacc.yacc(
+            module=self,
+            start='translation_unit_or_empty',
+            debug=yacc_debug,
+            optimize=yacc_optimize,
+            tabmodule=yacctab,
+            outputdir=taboutputdir)
+
+        # Stack of scopes for keeping track of symbols. _scope_stack[-1] is
+        # the current (topmost) scope. Each scope is a dictionary that
+        # specifies whether a name is a type. If _scope_stack[n][name] is
+        # True, 'name' is currently a type in the scope. If it's False,
+        # 'name' is used in the scope but not as a type (for instance, if we
+        # saw: int name;
+        # If 'name' is not a key in _scope_stack[n] then 'name' was not defined
+        # in this scope at all.
+        self._scope_stack = [dict()]
+
+        # Keeps track of the last token given to yacc (the lookahead token)
+        self._last_yielded_token = None
+
+    def parse(self, text, filename='', debug=False):
+        """ Parses C code and returns an AST.
+
+            text:
+                A string containing the C source code
+
+            filename:
+                Name of the file being parsed (for meaningful
+                error messages)
+
+            debug:
+                Debug flag to YACC
+        """
+        self.clex.filename = filename
+        self.clex.reset_lineno()
+        self._scope_stack = [dict()]
+        self._last_yielded_token = None
+        return self.cparser.parse(
+                input=text,
+                lexer=self.clex,
+                debug=debug)
+
+    ######################--   PRIVATE   --######################
+
+    def _push_scope(self):
+        self._scope_stack.append(dict())
+
+    def _pop_scope(self):
+        assert len(self._scope_stack) > 1
+        self._scope_stack.pop()
+
+    def _add_typedef_name(self, name, coord):
+        """ Add a new typedef name (ie a TYPEID) to the current scope
+        """
+        if not self._scope_stack[-1].get(name, True):
+            self._parse_error(
+                "Typedef %r previously declared as non-typedef "
+                "in this scope" % name, coord)
+        self._scope_stack[-1][name] = True
+
+    def _add_identifier(self, name, coord):
+        """ Add a new object, function, or enum member name (ie an ID) to the
+            current scope
+        """
+        if self._scope_stack[-1].get(name, False):
+            self._parse_error(
+                "Non-typedef %r previously declared as typedef "
+                "in this scope" % name, coord)
+        self._scope_stack[-1][name] = False
+
+    def _is_type_in_scope(self, name):
+        """ Is *name* a typedef-name in the current scope?
+        """
+        for scope in reversed(self._scope_stack):
+            # If name is an identifier in this scope it shadows typedefs in
+            # higher scopes.
+            in_scope = scope.get(name)
+            if in_scope is not None: return in_scope
+        return False
+
+    def _lex_error_func(self, msg, line, column):
+        self._parse_error(msg, self._coord(line, column))
+
+    def _lex_on_lbrace_func(self):
+        self._push_scope()
+
+    def _lex_on_rbrace_func(self):
+        self._pop_scope()
+
+    def _lex_type_lookup_func(self, name):
+        """ Looks up types that were previously defined with
+            typedef.
+            Passed to the lexer for recognizing identifiers that
+            are types.
+        """
+        is_type = self._is_type_in_scope(name)
+        return is_type
+
+    def _get_yacc_lookahead_token(self):
+        """ We need access to yacc's lookahead token in certain cases.
+            This is the last token yacc requested from the lexer, so we
+            ask the lexer.
+        """
+        return self.clex.last_token
+
+    # To understand what's going on here, read sections A.8.5 and
+    # A.8.6 of K&R2 very carefully.
+    #
+    # A C type consists of a basic type declaration, with a list
+    # of modifiers. For example:
+    #
+    # int *c[5];
+    #
+    # The basic declaration here is 'int c', and the pointer and
+    # the array are the modifiers.
+    #
+    # Basic declarations are represented by TypeDecl (from module c_ast) and the
+    # modifiers are FuncDecl, PtrDecl and ArrayDecl.
+    #
+    # The standard states that whenever a new modifier is parsed, it should be
+    # added to the end of the list of modifiers. For example:
+    #
+    # K&R2 A.8.6.2: Array Declarators
+    #
+    # In a declaration T D where D has the form
+    #   D1 [constant-expression-opt]
+    # and the type of the identifier in the declaration T D1 is
+    # "type-modifier T", the type of the
+    # identifier of D is "type-modifier array of T"
+    #
+    # This is what this method does. The declarator it receives
+    # can be a list of declarators ending with TypeDecl. It
+    # tacks the modifier to the end of this list, just before
+    # the TypeDecl.
+    #
+    # Additionally, the modifier may be a list itself. This is
+    # useful for pointers, that can come as a chain from the rule
+    # p_pointer. In this case, the whole modifier list is spliced
+    # into the new location.
+    def _type_modify_decl(self, decl, modifier):
+        """ Tacks a type modifier on a declarator, and returns
+            the modified declarator.
+
+            Note: the declarator and modifier may be modified
+        """
+        #~ print '****'
+        #~ decl.show(offset=3)
+        #~ modifier.show(offset=3)
+        #~ print '****'
+
+        modifier_head = modifier
+        modifier_tail = modifier
+
+        # The modifier may be a nested list. Reach its tail.
+        while modifier_tail.type:
+            modifier_tail = modifier_tail.type
+
+        # If the decl is a basic type, just tack the modifier onto it.
+        if isinstance(decl, c_ast.TypeDecl):
+            modifier_tail.type = decl
+            return modifier
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, the decl is a list of modifiers. Reach
+            # its tail and splice the modifier onto the tail,
+            # pointing to the underlying basic type.
+            decl_tail = decl
+
+            while not isinstance(decl_tail.type, c_ast.TypeDecl):
+                decl_tail = decl_tail.type
+
+            modifier_tail.type = decl_tail.type
+            decl_tail.type = modifier_head
+            return decl
+
+    # Due to the order in which declarators are constructed,
+    # they have to be fixed in order to look like a normal AST.
+    #
+    # When a declaration arrives from syntax construction, it has
+    # these problems:
+    # * The innermost TypeDecl has no type (because the basic
+    #   type is only known at the uppermost declaration level)
+    # * The declaration has no variable name, since that is saved
+    #   in the innermost TypeDecl
+    # * The typename of the declaration is a list of type
+    #   specifiers, and not a node. Here, basic identifier types
+    #   should be separated from more complex types like enums
+    #   and structs.
+    #
+    # This method fixes these problems.
+    def _fix_decl_name_type(self, decl, typename):
+        """ Fixes a declaration. Modifies decl.
+        """
+        # Reach the underlying basic type
+        #
+        type = decl
+        while not isinstance(type, c_ast.TypeDecl):
+            type = type.type
+
+        decl.name = type.declname
+        type.quals = decl.quals[:]
+
+        # The typename is a list of types. If any type in this
+        # list isn't an IdentifierType, it must be the only
+        # type in the list (it's illegal to declare "int enum ..")
+        # If all the types are basic, they're collected in the
+        # IdentifierType holder.
+        for tn in typename:
+            if not isinstance(tn, c_ast.IdentifierType):
+                if len(typename) > 1:
+                    self._parse_error(
+                        "Invalid multiple types specified", tn.coord)
+                else:
+                    type.type = tn
+                    return decl
+
+        if not typename:
+            # Functions default to returning int
+            #
+            if not isinstance(decl.type, c_ast.FuncDecl):
+                self._parse_error(
+                        "Missing type in declaration", decl.coord)
+            type.type = c_ast.IdentifierType(
+                    ['int'],
+                    coord=decl.coord)
+        else:
+            # At this point, we know that typename is a list of IdentifierType
+            # nodes. Concatenate all the names into a single list.
+            #
+            type.type = c_ast.IdentifierType(
+                [name for id in typename for name in id.names],
+                coord=typename[0].coord)
+        return decl
+
+    def _add_declaration_specifier(self, declspec, newspec, kind, append=False):
+        """ Declaration specifiers are represented by a dictionary
+            with the entries:
+            * qual: a list of type qualifiers
+            * storage: a list of storage type qualifiers
+            * type: a list of type specifiers
+            * function: a list of function specifiers
+            * alignment: a list of alignment specifiers
+
+            This method is given a declaration specifier, and a
+            new specifier of a given kind.
+            If `append` is True, the new specifier is added to the end of
+            the specifiers list, otherwise it's added at the beginning.
+            Returns the declaration specifier, with the new
+            specifier incorporated.
+        """
+        spec = declspec or dict(qual=[], storage=[], type=[], function=[], alignment=[])
+
+        if append:
+            spec[kind].append(newspec)
+        else:
+            spec[kind].insert(0, newspec)
+
+        return spec
+
+    def _build_declarations(self, spec, decls, typedef_namespace=False):
+        """ Builds a list of declarations all sharing the given specifiers.
+            If typedef_namespace is true, each declared name is added
+            to the "typedef namespace", which also includes objects,
+            functions, and enum constants.
+        """
+        is_typedef = 'typedef' in spec['storage']
+        declarations = []
+
+        # Bit-fields are allowed to be unnamed.
+        if decls[0].get('bitsize') is not None:
+            pass
+
+        # When redeclaring typedef names as identifiers in inner scopes, a
+        # problem can occur where the identifier gets grouped into
+        # spec['type'], leaving decl as None.  This can only occur for the
+        # first declarator.
+        elif decls[0]['decl'] is None:
+            if len(spec['type']) < 2 or len(spec['type'][-1].names) != 1 or \
+                    not self._is_type_in_scope(spec['type'][-1].names[0]):
+                coord = '?'
+                for t in spec['type']:
+                    if hasattr(t, 'coord'):
+                        coord = t.coord
+                        break
+                self._parse_error('Invalid declaration', coord)
+
+            # Make this look as if it came from "direct_declarator:ID"
+            decls[0]['decl'] = c_ast.TypeDecl(
+                declname=spec['type'][-1].names[0],
+                type=None,
+                quals=None,
+                align=spec['alignment'],
+                coord=spec['type'][-1].coord)
+            # Remove the "new" type's name from the end of spec['type']
+            del spec['type'][-1]
+
+        # A similar problem can occur where the declaration ends up looking
+        # like an abstract declarator.  Give it a name if this is the case.
+        elif not isinstance(decls[0]['decl'], (
+                c_ast.Enum, c_ast.Struct, c_ast.Union, c_ast.IdentifierType)):
+            decls_0_tail = decls[0]['decl']
+            while not isinstance(decls_0_tail, c_ast.TypeDecl):
+                decls_0_tail = decls_0_tail.type
+            if decls_0_tail.declname is None:
+                decls_0_tail.declname = spec['type'][-1].names[0]
+                del spec['type'][-1]
+
+        for decl in decls:
+            assert decl['decl'] is not None
+            if is_typedef:
+                declaration = c_ast.Typedef(
+                    name=None,
+                    quals=spec['qual'],
+                    storage=spec['storage'],
+                    type=decl['decl'],
+                    coord=decl['decl'].coord)
+            else:
+                declaration = c_ast.Decl(
+                    name=None,
+                    quals=spec['qual'],
+                    align=spec['alignment'],
+                    storage=spec['storage'],
+                    funcspec=spec['function'],
+                    type=decl['decl'],
+                    init=decl.get('init'),
+                    bitsize=decl.get('bitsize'),
+                    coord=decl['decl'].coord)
+
+            if isinstance(declaration.type, (
+                    c_ast.Enum, c_ast.Struct, c_ast.Union,
+                    c_ast.IdentifierType)):
+                fixed_decl = declaration
+            else:
+                fixed_decl = self._fix_decl_name_type(declaration, spec['type'])
+
+            # Add the type name defined by typedef to a
+            # symbol table (for usage in the lexer)
+            if typedef_namespace:
+                if is_typedef:
+                    self._add_typedef_name(fixed_decl.name, fixed_decl.coord)
+                else:
+                    self._add_identifier(fixed_decl.name, fixed_decl.coord)
+
+            fixed_decl = fix_atomic_specifiers(fixed_decl)
+            declarations.append(fixed_decl)
+
+        return declarations
+
+    def _build_function_definition(self, spec, decl, param_decls, body):
+        """ Builds a function definition.
+        """
+        if 'typedef' in spec['storage']:
+            self._parse_error("Invalid typedef", decl.coord)
+
+        declaration = self._build_declarations(
+            spec=spec,
+            decls=[dict(decl=decl, init=None)],
+            typedef_namespace=True)[0]
+
+        return c_ast.FuncDef(
+            decl=declaration,
+            param_decls=param_decls,
+            body=body,
+            coord=decl.coord)
+
+    def _select_struct_union_class(self, token):
+        """ Given a token (either STRUCT or UNION), selects the
+            appropriate AST class.
+        """
+        if token == 'struct':
+            return c_ast.Struct
+        else:
+            return c_ast.Union
+
+    ##
+    ## Precedence and associativity of operators
+    ##
+    # If this changes, c_generator.CGenerator.precedence_map needs to change as
+    # well
+    precedence = (
+        ('left', 'LOR'),
+        ('left', 'LAND'),
+        ('left', 'OR'),
+        ('left', 'XOR'),
+        ('left', 'AND'),
+        ('left', 'EQ', 'NE'),
+        ('left', 'GT', 'GE', 'LT', 'LE'),
+        ('left', 'RSHIFT', 'LSHIFT'),
+        ('left', 'PLUS', 'MINUS'),
+        ('left', 'TIMES', 'DIVIDE', 'MOD')
+    )
+
+    ##
+    ## Grammar productions
+    ## Implementation of the BNF defined in K&R2 A.13
+    ##
+
+    # Wrapper around a translation unit, to allow for empty input.
+    # Not strictly part of the C99 Grammar, but useful in practice.
+    def p_translation_unit_or_empty(self, p):
+        """ translation_unit_or_empty   : translation_unit
+                                        | empty
+        """
+        if p[1] is None:
+            p[0] = c_ast.FileAST([])
+        else:
+            p[0] = c_ast.FileAST(p[1])
+
+    def p_translation_unit_1(self, p):
+        """ translation_unit    : external_declaration
+        """
+        # Note: external_declaration is already a list
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_translation_unit_2(self, p):
+        """ translation_unit    : translation_unit external_declaration
+        """
+        p[1].extend(p[2])
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # Declarations always come as lists (because they can be
+    # several in one line), so we wrap the function definition
+    # into a list as well, to make the return value of
+    # external_declaration homogeneous.
+    def p_external_declaration_1(self, p):
+        """ external_declaration    : function_definition
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]]
+
+    def p_external_declaration_2(self, p):
+        """ external_declaration    : declaration
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_external_declaration_3(self, p):
+        """ external_declaration    : pp_directive
+                                    | pppragma_directive
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]]
+
+    def p_external_declaration_4(self, p):
+        """ external_declaration    : SEMI
+        """
+        p[0] = []
+
+    def p_external_declaration_5(self, p):
+        """ external_declaration    : static_assert
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_static_assert_declaration(self, p):
+        """ static_assert           : _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression COMMA unified_string_literal RPAREN
+                                    | _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN
+        """
+        if len(p) == 5:
+            p[0] = [c_ast.StaticAssert(p[3], None, self._token_coord(p, 1))]
+        else:
+            p[0] = [c_ast.StaticAssert(p[3], p[5], self._token_coord(p, 1))]
+
+    def p_pp_directive(self, p):
+        """ pp_directive  : PPHASH
+        """
+        self._parse_error('Directives not supported yet',
+                          self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    # This encompasses two types of C99-compatible pragmas:
+    # - The #pragma directive:
+    #       # pragma character_sequence
+    # - The _Pragma unary operator:
+    #       _Pragma ( " string_literal " )
+    def p_pppragma_directive(self, p):
+        """ pppragma_directive      : PPPRAGMA
+                                    | PPPRAGMA PPPRAGMASTR
+                                    | _PRAGMA LPAREN unified_string_literal RPAREN
+        """
+        if len(p) == 5:
+            p[0] = c_ast.Pragma(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 2))
+        elif len(p) == 3:
+            p[0] = c_ast.Pragma(p[2], self._token_coord(p, 2))
+        else:
+            p[0] = c_ast.Pragma("", self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_pppragma_directive_list(self, p):
+        """ pppragma_directive_list : pppragma_directive
+                                    | pppragma_directive_list pppragma_directive
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]] if len(p) == 2 else p[1] + [p[2]]
+
+    # In function definitions, the declarator can be followed by
+    # a declaration list, for old "K&R style" function definitios.
+    def p_function_definition_1(self, p):
+        """ function_definition : id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement
+        """
+        # no declaration specifiers - 'int' becomes the default type
+        spec = dict(
+            qual=[],
+            alignment=[],
+            storage=[],
+            type=[c_ast.IdentifierType(['int'],
+                                       coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))],
+            function=[])
+
+        p[0] = self._build_function_definition(
+            spec=spec,
+            decl=p[1],
+            param_decls=p[2],
+            body=p[3])
+
+    def p_function_definition_2(self, p):
+        """ function_definition : declaration_specifiers id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement
+        """
+        spec = p[1]
+
+        p[0] = self._build_function_definition(
+            spec=spec,
+            decl=p[2],
+            param_decls=p[3],
+            body=p[4])
+
+    # Note, according to C18 A.2.2 6.7.10 static_assert-declaration _Static_assert
+    # is a declaration, not a statement. We additionally recognise it as a statement
+    # to fix parsing of _Static_assert inside the functions.
+    #
+    def p_statement(self, p):
+        """ statement   : labeled_statement
+                        | expression_statement
+                        | compound_statement
+                        | selection_statement
+                        | iteration_statement
+                        | jump_statement
+                        | pppragma_directive
+                        | static_assert
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # A pragma is generally considered a decorator rather than an actual
+    # statement. Still, for the purposes of analyzing an abstract syntax tree of
+    # C code, pragma's should not be ignored and were previously treated as a
+    # statement. This presents a problem for constructs that take a statement
+    # such as labeled_statements, selection_statements, and
+    # iteration_statements, causing a misleading structure in the AST. For
+    # example, consider the following C code.
+    #
+    #   for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+    #       #pragma omp critical
+    #       sum += 1;
+    #
+    # This code will compile and execute "sum += 1;" as the body of the for
+    # loop. Previous implementations of PyCParser would render the AST for this
+    # block of code as follows:
+    #
+    #   For:
+    #     DeclList:
+    #       Decl: i, [], [], []
+    #         TypeDecl: i, []
+    #           IdentifierType: ['int']
+    #         Constant: int, 0
+    #     BinaryOp: <
+    #       ID: i
+    #       Constant: int, 3
+    #     UnaryOp: p++
+    #       ID: i
+    #     Pragma: omp critical
+    #   Assignment: +=
+    #     ID: sum
+    #     Constant: int, 1
+    #
+    # This AST misleadingly takes the Pragma as the body of the loop and the
+    # assignment then becomes a sibling of the loop.
+    #
+    # To solve edge cases like these, the pragmacomp_or_statement rule groups
+    # a pragma and its following statement (which would otherwise be orphaned)
+    # using a compound block, effectively turning the above code into:
+    #
+    #   for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    #       #pragma omp critical
+    #       sum += 1;
+    #   }
+    def p_pragmacomp_or_statement(self, p):
+        """ pragmacomp_or_statement     : pppragma_directive_list statement
+                                        | statement
+        """
+        if len(p) == 3:
+            p[0] = c_ast.Compound(
+                block_items=p[1]+[p[2]],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        else:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # In C, declarations can come several in a line:
+    #   int x, *px, romulo = 5;
+    #
+    # However, for the AST, we will split them to separate Decl
+    # nodes.
+    #
+    # This rule splits its declarations and always returns a list
+    # of Decl nodes, even if it's one element long.
+    #
+    def p_decl_body(self, p):
+        """ decl_body : declaration_specifiers init_declarator_list_opt
+                      | declaration_specifiers_no_type id_init_declarator_list_opt
+        """
+        spec = p[1]
+
+        # p[2] (init_declarator_list_opt) is either a list or None
+        #
+        if p[2] is None:
+            # By the standard, you must have at least one declarator unless
+            # declaring a structure tag, a union tag, or the members of an
+            # enumeration.
+            #
+            ty = spec['type']
+            s_u_or_e = (c_ast.Struct, c_ast.Union, c_ast.Enum)
+            if len(ty) == 1 and isinstance(ty[0], s_u_or_e):
+                decls = [c_ast.Decl(
+                    name=None,
+                    quals=spec['qual'],
+                    align=spec['alignment'],
+                    storage=spec['storage'],
+                    funcspec=spec['function'],
+                    type=ty[0],
+                    init=None,
+                    bitsize=None,
+                    coord=ty[0].coord)]
+
+            # However, this case can also occur on redeclared identifiers in
+            # an inner scope.  The trouble is that the redeclared type's name
+            # gets grouped into declaration_specifiers; _build_declarations
+            # compensates for this.
+            #
+            else:
+                decls = self._build_declarations(
+                    spec=spec,
+                    decls=[dict(decl=None, init=None)],
+                    typedef_namespace=True)
+
+        else:
+            decls = self._build_declarations(
+                spec=spec,
+                decls=p[2],
+                typedef_namespace=True)
+
+        p[0] = decls
+
+    # The declaration has been split to a decl_body sub-rule and
+    # SEMI, because having them in a single rule created a problem
+    # for defining typedefs.
+    #
+    # If a typedef line was directly followed by a line using the
+    # type defined with the typedef, the type would not be
+    # recognized. This is because to reduce the declaration rule,
+    # the parser's lookahead asked for the token after SEMI, which
+    # was the type from the next line, and the lexer had no chance
+    # to see the updated type symbol table.
+    #
+    # Splitting solves this problem, because after seeing SEMI,
+    # the parser reduces decl_body, which actually adds the new
+    # type into the table to be seen by the lexer before the next
+    # line is reached.
+    def p_declaration(self, p):
+        """ declaration : decl_body SEMI
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # Since each declaration is a list of declarations, this
+    # rule will combine all the declarations and return a single
+    # list
+    #
+    def p_declaration_list(self, p):
+        """ declaration_list    : declaration
+                                | declaration_list declaration
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1] if len(p) == 2 else p[1] + p[2]
+
+    # To know when declaration-specifiers end and declarators begin,
+    # we require declaration-specifiers to have at least one
+    # type-specifier, and disallow typedef-names after we've seen any
+    # type-specifier. These are both required by the spec.
+    #
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_1(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers_no_type  : type_qualifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[2], p[1], 'qual')
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_2(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers_no_type  : storage_class_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[2], p[1], 'storage')
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_3(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers_no_type  : function_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[2], p[1], 'function')
+
+    # Without this, `typedef _Atomic(T) U` will parse incorrectly because the
+    # _Atomic qualifier will match, instead of the specifier.
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_4(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers_no_type  : atomic_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[2], p[1], 'type')
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_5(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers_no_type  : alignment_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[2], p[1], 'alignment')
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_1(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers type_qualifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'qual', append=True)
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_2(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers storage_class_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'storage', append=True)
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_3(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers function_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'function', append=True)
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_4(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers type_specifier_no_typeid
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'type', append=True)
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_5(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : type_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(None, p[1], 'type')
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_6(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers_no_type type_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'type', append=True)
+
+    def p_declaration_specifiers_7(self, p):
+        """ declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers alignment_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'alignment', append=True)
+
+    def p_storage_class_specifier(self, p):
+        """ storage_class_specifier : AUTO
+                                    | REGISTER
+                                    | STATIC
+                                    | EXTERN
+                                    | TYPEDEF
+                                    | _THREAD_LOCAL
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_function_specifier(self, p):
+        """ function_specifier  : INLINE
+                                | _NORETURN
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_type_specifier_no_typeid(self, p):
+        """ type_specifier_no_typeid  : VOID
+                                      | _BOOL
+                                      | CHAR
+                                      | SHORT
+                                      | INT
+                                      | LONG
+                                      | FLOAT
+                                      | DOUBLE
+                                      | _COMPLEX
+                                      | SIGNED
+                                      | UNSIGNED
+                                      | __INT128
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.IdentifierType([p[1]], coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_type_specifier(self, p):
+        """ type_specifier  : typedef_name
+                            | enum_specifier
+                            | struct_or_union_specifier
+                            | type_specifier_no_typeid
+                            | atomic_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # See section 6.7.2.4 of the C11 standard.
+    def p_atomic_specifier(self, p):
+        """ atomic_specifier  : _ATOMIC LPAREN type_name RPAREN
+        """
+        typ = p[3]
+        typ.quals.append('_Atomic')
+        p[0] = typ
+
+    def p_type_qualifier(self, p):
+        """ type_qualifier  : CONST
+                            | RESTRICT
+                            | VOLATILE
+                            | _ATOMIC
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_init_declarator_list(self, p):
+        """ init_declarator_list    : init_declarator
+                                    | init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]] if len(p) == 4 else [p[1]]
+
+    # Returns a {decl=<declarator> : init=<initializer>} dictionary
+    # If there's no initializer, uses None
+    #
+    def p_init_declarator(self, p):
+        """ init_declarator : declarator
+                            | declarator EQUALS initializer
+        """
+        p[0] = dict(decl=p[1], init=(p[3] if len(p) > 2 else None))
+
+    def p_id_init_declarator_list(self, p):
+        """ id_init_declarator_list    : id_init_declarator
+                                       | id_init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]] if len(p) == 4 else [p[1]]
+
+    def p_id_init_declarator(self, p):
+        """ id_init_declarator : id_declarator
+                               | id_declarator EQUALS initializer
+        """
+        p[0] = dict(decl=p[1], init=(p[3] if len(p) > 2 else None))
+
+    # Require at least one type specifier in a specifier-qualifier-list
+    #
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_1(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list    : specifier_qualifier_list type_specifier_no_typeid
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'type', append=True)
+
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_2(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list    : specifier_qualifier_list type_qualifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'qual', append=True)
+
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_3(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list  : type_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(None, p[1], 'type')
+
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_4(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list  : type_qualifier_list type_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = dict(qual=p[1], alignment=[], storage=[], type=[p[2]], function=[])
+
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_5(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list  : alignment_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = dict(qual=[], alignment=[p[1]], storage=[], type=[], function=[])
+
+    def p_specifier_qualifier_list_6(self, p):
+        """ specifier_qualifier_list  : specifier_qualifier_list alignment_specifier
+        """
+        p[0] = self._add_declaration_specifier(p[1], p[2], 'alignment')
+
+    # TYPEID is allowed here (and in other struct/enum related tag names), because
+    # struct/enum tags reside in their own namespace and can be named the same as types
+    #
+    def p_struct_or_union_specifier_1(self, p):
+        """ struct_or_union_specifier   : struct_or_union ID
+                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID
+        """
+        klass = self._select_struct_union_class(p[1])
+        # None means no list of members
+        p[0] = klass(
+            name=p[2],
+            decls=None,
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+
+    def p_struct_or_union_specifier_2(self, p):
+        """ struct_or_union_specifier : struct_or_union brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close
+                                      | struct_or_union brace_open brace_close
+        """
+        klass = self._select_struct_union_class(p[1])
+        if len(p) == 4:
+            # Empty sequence means an empty list of members
+            p[0] = klass(
+                name=None,
+                decls=[],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+        else:
+            p[0] = klass(
+                name=None,
+                decls=p[3],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+
+
+    def p_struct_or_union_specifier_3(self, p):
+        """ struct_or_union_specifier   : struct_or_union ID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close
+                                        | struct_or_union ID brace_open brace_close
+                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close
+                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open brace_close
+        """
+        klass = self._select_struct_union_class(p[1])
+        if len(p) == 5:
+            # Empty sequence means an empty list of members
+            p[0] = klass(
+                name=p[2],
+                decls=[],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+        else:
+            p[0] = klass(
+                name=p[2],
+                decls=p[4],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+
+    def p_struct_or_union(self, p):
+        """ struct_or_union : STRUCT
+                            | UNION
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # Combine all declarations into a single list
+    #
+    def p_struct_declaration_list(self, p):
+        """ struct_declaration_list     : struct_declaration
+                                        | struct_declaration_list struct_declaration
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1] or []
+        else:
+            p[0] = p[1] + (p[2] or [])
+
+    def p_struct_declaration_1(self, p):
+        """ struct_declaration : specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list_opt SEMI
+        """
+        spec = p[1]
+        assert 'typedef' not in spec['storage']
+
+        if p[2] is not None:
+            decls = self._build_declarations(
+                spec=spec,
+                decls=p[2])
+
+        elif len(spec['type']) == 1:
+            # Anonymous struct/union, gcc extension, C1x feature.
+            # Although the standard only allows structs/unions here, I see no
+            # reason to disallow other types since some compilers have typedefs
+            # here, and pycparser isn't about rejecting all invalid code.
+            #
+            node = spec['type'][0]
+            if isinstance(node, c_ast.Node):
+                decl_type = node
+            else:
+                decl_type = c_ast.IdentifierType(node)
+
+            decls = self._build_declarations(
+                spec=spec,
+                decls=[dict(decl=decl_type)])
+
+        else:
+            # Structure/union members can have the same names as typedefs.
+            # The trouble is that the member's name gets grouped into
+            # specifier_qualifier_list; _build_declarations compensates.
+            #
+            decls = self._build_declarations(
+                spec=spec,
+                decls=[dict(decl=None, init=None)])
+
+        p[0] = decls
+
+    def p_struct_declaration_2(self, p):
+        """ struct_declaration : SEMI
+        """
+        p[0] = None
+
+    def p_struct_declaration_3(self, p):
+        """ struct_declaration : pppragma_directive
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]]
+
+    def p_struct_declarator_list(self, p):
+        """ struct_declarator_list  : struct_declarator
+                                    | struct_declarator_list COMMA struct_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]] if len(p) == 4 else [p[1]]
+
+    # struct_declarator passes up a dict with the keys: decl (for
+    # the underlying declarator) and bitsize (for the bitsize)
+    #
+    def p_struct_declarator_1(self, p):
+        """ struct_declarator : declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = {'decl': p[1], 'bitsize': None}
+
+    def p_struct_declarator_2(self, p):
+        """ struct_declarator   : declarator COLON constant_expression
+                                | COLON constant_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) > 3:
+            p[0] = {'decl': p[1], 'bitsize': p[3]}
+        else:
+            p[0] = {'decl': c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None), 'bitsize': p[2]}
+
+    def p_enum_specifier_1(self, p):
+        """ enum_specifier  : ENUM ID
+                            | ENUM TYPEID
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Enum(p[2], None, self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_enum_specifier_2(self, p):
+        """ enum_specifier  : ENUM brace_open enumerator_list brace_close
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Enum(None, p[3], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_enum_specifier_3(self, p):
+        """ enum_specifier  : ENUM ID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close
+                            | ENUM TYPEID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Enum(p[2], p[4], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_enumerator_list(self, p):
+        """ enumerator_list : enumerator
+                            | enumerator_list COMMA
+                            | enumerator_list COMMA enumerator
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = c_ast.EnumeratorList([p[1]], p[1].coord)
+        elif len(p) == 3:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        else:
+            p[1].enumerators.append(p[3])
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_alignment_specifier(self, p):
+        """ alignment_specifier  : _ALIGNAS LPAREN type_name RPAREN
+                                 | _ALIGNAS LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Alignas(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_enumerator(self, p):
+        """ enumerator  : ID
+                        | ID EQUALS constant_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            enumerator = c_ast.Enumerator(
+                        p[1], None,
+                        self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        else:
+            enumerator = c_ast.Enumerator(
+                        p[1], p[3],
+                        self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        self._add_identifier(enumerator.name, enumerator.coord)
+
+        p[0] = enumerator
+
+    def p_declarator(self, p):
+        """ declarator  : id_declarator
+                        | typeid_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_xxx_declarator_1(self, p):
+        """ xxx_declarator  : direct_xxx_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_xxx_declarator_2(self, p):
+        """ xxx_declarator  : pointer direct_xxx_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(p[2], p[1])
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_1(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : yyy
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.TypeDecl(
+            declname=p[1],
+            type=None,
+            quals=None,
+            align=None,
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_2(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : LPAREN xxx_declarator RPAREN
+        """
+        p[0] = p[2]
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_3(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : direct_xxx_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET
+        """
+        quals = (p[3] if len(p) > 5 else []) or []
+        # Accept dimension qualifiers
+        # Per C99 6.7.5.3 p7
+        arr = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=None,
+            dim=p[4] if len(p) > 5 else p[3],
+            dim_quals=quals,
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=arr)
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_4(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : direct_xxx_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET
+                                    | direct_xxx_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET
+        """
+        # Using slice notation for PLY objects doesn't work in Python 3 for the
+        # version of PLY embedded with pycparser; see PLY Google Code issue 30.
+        # Work around that here by listing the two elements separately.
+        listed_quals = [item if isinstance(item, list) else [item]
+            for item in [p[3],p[4]]]
+        dim_quals = [qual for sublist in listed_quals for qual in sublist
+            if qual is not None]
+        arr = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=None,
+            dim=p[5],
+            dim_quals=dim_quals,
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=arr)
+
+    # Special for VLAs
+    #
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_5(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : direct_xxx_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET
+        """
+        arr = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=None,
+            dim=c_ast.ID(p[4], self._token_coord(p, 4)),
+            dim_quals=p[3] if p[3] is not None else [],
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=arr)
+
+    @parameterized(('id', 'ID'), ('typeid', 'TYPEID'), ('typeid_noparen', 'TYPEID'))
+    def p_direct_xxx_declarator_6(self, p):
+        """ direct_xxx_declarator   : direct_xxx_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN
+                                    | direct_xxx_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN
+        """
+        func = c_ast.FuncDecl(
+            args=p[3],
+            type=None,
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        # To see why _get_yacc_lookahead_token is needed, consider:
+        #   typedef char TT;
+        #   void foo(int TT) { TT = 10; }
+        # Outside the function, TT is a typedef, but inside (starting and
+        # ending with the braces) it's a parameter.  The trouble begins with
+        # yacc's lookahead token.  We don't know if we're declaring or
+        # defining a function until we see LBRACE, but if we wait for yacc to
+        # trigger a rule on that token, then TT will have already been read
+        # and incorrectly interpreted as TYPEID.  We need to add the
+        # parameters to the scope the moment the lexer sees LBRACE.
+        #
+        if self._get_yacc_lookahead_token().type == "LBRACE":
+            if func.args is not None:
+                for param in func.args.params:
+                    if isinstance(param, c_ast.EllipsisParam): break
+                    self._add_identifier(param.name, param.coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=func)
+
+    def p_pointer(self, p):
+        """ pointer : TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt
+                    | TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt pointer
+        """
+        coord = self._token_coord(p, 1)
+        # Pointer decls nest from inside out. This is important when different
+        # levels have different qualifiers. For example:
+        #
+        #  char * const * p;
+        #
+        # Means "pointer to const pointer to char"
+        #
+        # While:
+        #
+        #  char ** const p;
+        #
+        # Means "const pointer to pointer to char"
+        #
+        # So when we construct PtrDecl nestings, the leftmost pointer goes in
+        # as the most nested type.
+        nested_type = c_ast.PtrDecl(quals=p[2] or [], type=None, coord=coord)
+        if len(p) > 3:
+            tail_type = p[3]
+            while tail_type.type is not None:
+                tail_type = tail_type.type
+            tail_type.type = nested_type
+            p[0] = p[3]
+        else:
+            p[0] = nested_type
+
+    def p_type_qualifier_list(self, p):
+        """ type_qualifier_list : type_qualifier
+                                | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]] if len(p) == 2 else p[1] + [p[2]]
+
+    def p_parameter_type_list(self, p):
+        """ parameter_type_list : parameter_list
+                                | parameter_list COMMA ELLIPSIS
+        """
+        if len(p) > 2:
+            p[1].params.append(c_ast.EllipsisParam(self._token_coord(p, 3)))
+
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_parameter_list(self, p):
+        """ parameter_list  : parameter_declaration
+                            | parameter_list COMMA parameter_declaration
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2: # single parameter
+            p[0] = c_ast.ParamList([p[1]], p[1].coord)
+        else:
+            p[1].params.append(p[3])
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # From ISO/IEC 9899:TC2, 6.7.5.3.11:
+    # "If, in a parameter declaration, an identifier can be treated either
+    #  as a typedef name or as a parameter name, it shall be taken as a
+    #  typedef name."
+    #
+    # Inside a parameter declaration, once we've reduced declaration specifiers,
+    # if we shift in an LPAREN and see a TYPEID, it could be either an abstract
+    # declarator or a declarator nested inside parens. This rule tells us to
+    # always treat it as an abstract declarator. Therefore, we only accept
+    # `id_declarator`s and `typeid_noparen_declarator`s.
+    def p_parameter_declaration_1(self, p):
+        """ parameter_declaration   : declaration_specifiers id_declarator
+                                    | declaration_specifiers typeid_noparen_declarator
+        """
+        spec = p[1]
+        if not spec['type']:
+            spec['type'] = [c_ast.IdentifierType(['int'],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))]
+        p[0] = self._build_declarations(
+            spec=spec,
+            decls=[dict(decl=p[2])])[0]
+
+    def p_parameter_declaration_2(self, p):
+        """ parameter_declaration   : declaration_specifiers abstract_declarator_opt
+        """
+        spec = p[1]
+        if not spec['type']:
+            spec['type'] = [c_ast.IdentifierType(['int'],
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))]
+
+        # Parameters can have the same names as typedefs.  The trouble is that
+        # the parameter's name gets grouped into declaration_specifiers, making
+        # it look like an old-style declaration; compensate.
+        #
+        if len(spec['type']) > 1 and len(spec['type'][-1].names) == 1 and \
+                self._is_type_in_scope(spec['type'][-1].names[0]):
+            decl = self._build_declarations(
+                    spec=spec,
+                    decls=[dict(decl=p[2], init=None)])[0]
+
+        # This truly is an old-style parameter declaration
+        #
+        else:
+            decl = c_ast.Typename(
+                name='',
+                quals=spec['qual'],
+                align=None,
+                type=p[2] or c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None),
+                coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+            typename = spec['type']
+            decl = self._fix_decl_name_type(decl, typename)
+
+        p[0] = decl
+
+    def p_identifier_list(self, p):
+        """ identifier_list : identifier
+                            | identifier_list COMMA identifier
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2: # single parameter
+            p[0] = c_ast.ParamList([p[1]], p[1].coord)
+        else:
+            p[1].params.append(p[3])
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_initializer_1(self, p):
+        """ initializer : assignment_expression
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_initializer_2(self, p):
+        """ initializer : brace_open initializer_list_opt brace_close
+                        | brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close
+        """
+        if p[2] is None:
+            p[0] = c_ast.InitList([], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        else:
+            p[0] = p[2]
+
+    def p_initializer_list(self, p):
+        """ initializer_list    : designation_opt initializer
+                                | initializer_list COMMA designation_opt initializer
+        """
+        if len(p) == 3: # single initializer
+            init = p[2] if p[1] is None else c_ast.NamedInitializer(p[1], p[2])
+            p[0] = c_ast.InitList([init], p[2].coord)
+        else:
+            init = p[4] if p[3] is None else c_ast.NamedInitializer(p[3], p[4])
+            p[1].exprs.append(init)
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_designation(self, p):
+        """ designation : designator_list EQUALS
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # Designators are represented as a list of nodes, in the order in which
+    # they're written in the code.
+    #
+    def p_designator_list(self, p):
+        """ designator_list : designator
+                            | designator_list designator
+        """
+        p[0] = [p[1]] if len(p) == 2 else p[1] + [p[2]]
+
+    def p_designator(self, p):
+        """ designator  : LBRACKET constant_expression RBRACKET
+                        | PERIOD identifier
+        """
+        p[0] = p[2]
+
+    def p_type_name(self, p):
+        """ type_name   : specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator_opt
+        """
+        typename = c_ast.Typename(
+            name='',
+            quals=p[1]['qual'][:],
+            align=None,
+            type=p[2] or c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None),
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 2))
+
+        p[0] = self._fix_decl_name_type(typename, p[1]['type'])
+
+    def p_abstract_declarator_1(self, p):
+        """ abstract_declarator     : pointer
+        """
+        dummytype = c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None)
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(
+            decl=dummytype,
+            modifier=p[1])
+
+    def p_abstract_declarator_2(self, p):
+        """ abstract_declarator     : pointer direct_abstract_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(p[2], p[1])
+
+    def p_abstract_declarator_3(self, p):
+        """ abstract_declarator     : direct_abstract_declarator
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    # Creating and using direct_abstract_declarator_opt here
+    # instead of listing both direct_abstract_declarator and the
+    # lack of it in the beginning of _1 and _2 caused two
+    # shift/reduce errors.
+    #
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_1(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : LPAREN abstract_declarator RPAREN """
+        p[0] = p[2]
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_2(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET
+        """
+        arr = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=None,
+            dim=p[3],
+            dim_quals=[],
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=arr)
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_3(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET
+        """
+        quals = (p[2] if len(p) > 4 else []) or []
+        p[0] = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None),
+            dim=p[3] if len(p) > 4 else p[2],
+            dim_quals=quals,
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_4(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET
+        """
+        arr = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=None,
+            dim=c_ast.ID(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 3)),
+            dim_quals=[],
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=arr)
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_5(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.ArrayDecl(
+            type=c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None),
+            dim=c_ast.ID(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 3)),
+            dim_quals=[],
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_6(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN
+        """
+        func = c_ast.FuncDecl(
+            args=p[3],
+            type=None,
+            coord=p[1].coord)
+
+        p[0] = self._type_modify_decl(decl=p[1], modifier=func)
+
+    def p_direct_abstract_declarator_7(self, p):
+        """ direct_abstract_declarator  : LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.FuncDecl(
+            args=p[2],
+            type=c_ast.TypeDecl(None, None, None, None),
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    # declaration is a list, statement isn't. To make it consistent, block_item
+    # will always be a list
+    #
+    def p_block_item(self, p):
+        """ block_item  : declaration
+                        | statement
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1] if isinstance(p[1], list) else [p[1]]
+
+    # Since we made block_item a list, this just combines lists
+    #
+    def p_block_item_list(self, p):
+        """ block_item_list : block_item
+                            | block_item_list block_item
+        """
+        # Empty block items (plain ';') produce [None], so ignore them
+        p[0] = p[1] if (len(p) == 2 or p[2] == [None]) else p[1] + p[2]
+
+    def p_compound_statement_1(self, p):
+        """ compound_statement : brace_open block_item_list_opt brace_close """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Compound(
+            block_items=p[2],
+            coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_labeled_statement_1(self, p):
+        """ labeled_statement : ID COLON pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Label(p[1], p[3], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_labeled_statement_2(self, p):
+        """ labeled_statement : CASE constant_expression COLON pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Case(p[2], [p[4]], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_labeled_statement_3(self, p):
+        """ labeled_statement : DEFAULT COLON pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Default([p[3]], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_selection_statement_1(self, p):
+        """ selection_statement : IF LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.If(p[3], p[5], None, self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_selection_statement_2(self, p):
+        """ selection_statement : IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement ELSE pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.If(p[3], p[5], p[7], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_selection_statement_3(self, p):
+        """ selection_statement : SWITCH LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = fix_switch_cases(
+                c_ast.Switch(p[3], p[5], self._token_coord(p, 1)))
+
+    def p_iteration_statement_1(self, p):
+        """ iteration_statement : WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.While(p[3], p[5], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_iteration_statement_2(self, p):
+        """ iteration_statement : DO pragmacomp_or_statement WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN SEMI """
+        p[0] = c_ast.DoWhile(p[5], p[2], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_iteration_statement_3(self, p):
+        """ iteration_statement : FOR LPAREN expression_opt SEMI expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.For(p[3], p[5], p[7], p[9], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_iteration_statement_4(self, p):
+        """ iteration_statement : FOR LPAREN declaration expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement """
+        p[0] = c_ast.For(c_ast.DeclList(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 1)),
+                         p[4], p[6], p[8], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_jump_statement_1(self, p):
+        """ jump_statement  : GOTO ID SEMI """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Goto(p[2], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_jump_statement_2(self, p):
+        """ jump_statement  : BREAK SEMI """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Break(self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_jump_statement_3(self, p):
+        """ jump_statement  : CONTINUE SEMI """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Continue(self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_jump_statement_4(self, p):
+        """ jump_statement  : RETURN expression SEMI
+                            | RETURN SEMI
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Return(p[2] if len(p) == 4 else None, self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_expression_statement(self, p):
+        """ expression_statement : expression_opt SEMI """
+        if p[1] is None:
+            p[0] = c_ast.EmptyStatement(self._token_coord(p, 2))
+        else:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_expression(self, p):
+        """ expression  : assignment_expression
+                        | expression COMMA assignment_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(p[1], c_ast.ExprList):
+                p[1] = c_ast.ExprList([p[1]], p[1].coord)
+
+            p[1].exprs.append(p[3])
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_parenthesized_compound_expression(self, p):
+        """ assignment_expression : LPAREN compound_statement RPAREN """
+        p[0] = p[2]
+
+    def p_typedef_name(self, p):
+        """ typedef_name : TYPEID """
+        p[0] = c_ast.IdentifierType([p[1]], coord=self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_assignment_expression(self, p):
+        """ assignment_expression   : conditional_expression
+                                    | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        else:
+            p[0] = c_ast.Assignment(p[2], p[1], p[3], p[1].coord)
+
+    # K&R2 defines these as many separate rules, to encode
+    # precedence and associativity. Why work hard ? I'll just use
+    # the built in precedence/associativity specification feature
+    # of PLY. (see precedence declaration above)
+    #
+    def p_assignment_operator(self, p):
+        """ assignment_operator : EQUALS
+                                | XOREQUAL
+                                | TIMESEQUAL
+                                | DIVEQUAL
+                                | MODEQUAL
+                                | PLUSEQUAL
+                                | MINUSEQUAL
+                                | LSHIFTEQUAL
+                                | RSHIFTEQUAL
+                                | ANDEQUAL
+                                | OREQUAL
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_constant_expression(self, p):
+        """ constant_expression : conditional_expression """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_conditional_expression(self, p):
+        """ conditional_expression  : binary_expression
+                                    | binary_expression CONDOP expression COLON conditional_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        else:
+            p[0] = c_ast.TernaryOp(p[1], p[3], p[5], p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_binary_expression(self, p):
+        """ binary_expression   : cast_expression
+                                | binary_expression TIMES binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression DIVIDE binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression MOD binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression PLUS binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression MINUS binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression RSHIFT binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression LSHIFT binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression LT binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression LE binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression GE binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression GT binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression EQ binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression NE binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression AND binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression OR binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression XOR binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression LAND binary_expression
+                                | binary_expression LOR binary_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        else:
+            p[0] = c_ast.BinaryOp(p[2], p[1], p[3], p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_cast_expression_1(self, p):
+        """ cast_expression : unary_expression """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_cast_expression_2(self, p):
+        """ cast_expression : LPAREN type_name RPAREN cast_expression """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Cast(p[2], p[4], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_unary_expression_1(self, p):
+        """ unary_expression    : postfix_expression """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_unary_expression_2(self, p):
+        """ unary_expression    : PLUSPLUS unary_expression
+                                | MINUSMINUS unary_expression
+                                | unary_operator cast_expression
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.UnaryOp(p[1], p[2], p[2].coord)
+
+    def p_unary_expression_3(self, p):
+        """ unary_expression    : SIZEOF unary_expression
+                                | SIZEOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN
+                                | _ALIGNOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.UnaryOp(
+            p[1],
+            p[2] if len(p) == 3 else p[3],
+            self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_unary_operator(self, p):
+        """ unary_operator  : AND
+                            | TIMES
+                            | PLUS
+                            | MINUS
+                            | NOT
+                            | LNOT
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_1(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : primary_expression """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_2(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : postfix_expression LBRACKET expression RBRACKET """
+        p[0] = c_ast.ArrayRef(p[1], p[3], p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_3(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : postfix_expression LPAREN argument_expression_list RPAREN
+                                | postfix_expression LPAREN RPAREN
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.FuncCall(p[1], p[3] if len(p) == 5 else None, p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_4(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : postfix_expression PERIOD ID
+                                | postfix_expression PERIOD TYPEID
+                                | postfix_expression ARROW ID
+                                | postfix_expression ARROW TYPEID
+        """
+        field = c_ast.ID(p[3], self._token_coord(p, 3))
+        p[0] = c_ast.StructRef(p[1], p[2], field, p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_5(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : postfix_expression PLUSPLUS
+                                | postfix_expression MINUSMINUS
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.UnaryOp('p' + p[2], p[1], p[1].coord)
+
+    def p_postfix_expression_6(self, p):
+        """ postfix_expression  : LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list brace_close
+                                | LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.CompoundLiteral(p[2], p[5])
+
+    def p_primary_expression_1(self, p):
+        """ primary_expression  : identifier """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_primary_expression_2(self, p):
+        """ primary_expression  : constant """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_primary_expression_3(self, p):
+        """ primary_expression  : unified_string_literal
+                                | unified_wstring_literal
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_primary_expression_4(self, p):
+        """ primary_expression  : LPAREN expression RPAREN """
+        p[0] = p[2]
+
+    def p_primary_expression_5(self, p):
+        """ primary_expression  : OFFSETOF LPAREN type_name COMMA offsetof_member_designator RPAREN
+        """
+        coord = self._token_coord(p, 1)
+        p[0] = c_ast.FuncCall(c_ast.ID(p[1], coord),
+                              c_ast.ExprList([p[3], p[5]], coord),
+                              coord)
+
+    def p_offsetof_member_designator(self, p):
+        """ offsetof_member_designator : identifier
+                                         | offsetof_member_designator PERIOD identifier
+                                         | offsetof_member_designator LBRACKET expression RBRACKET
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2:
+            p[0] = p[1]
+        elif len(p) == 4:
+            p[0] = c_ast.StructRef(p[1], p[2], p[3], p[1].coord)
+        elif len(p) == 5:
+            p[0] = c_ast.ArrayRef(p[1], p[3], p[1].coord)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Unexpected parsing state. len(p): %u" % len(p))
+
+    def p_argument_expression_list(self, p):
+        """ argument_expression_list    : assignment_expression
+                                        | argument_expression_list COMMA assignment_expression
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2: # single expr
+            p[0] = c_ast.ExprList([p[1]], p[1].coord)
+        else:
+            p[1].exprs.append(p[3])
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_identifier(self, p):
+        """ identifier  : ID """
+        p[0] = c_ast.ID(p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_constant_1(self, p):
+        """ constant    : INT_CONST_DEC
+                        | INT_CONST_OCT
+                        | INT_CONST_HEX
+                        | INT_CONST_BIN
+                        | INT_CONST_CHAR
+        """
+        uCount = 0
+        lCount = 0
+        for x in p[1][-3:]:
+            if x in ('l', 'L'):
+                lCount += 1
+            elif x in ('u', 'U'):
+                uCount += 1
+        t = ''
+        if uCount > 1:
+             raise ValueError('Constant cannot have more than one u/U suffix.')
+        elif lCount > 2:
+             raise ValueError('Constant cannot have more than two l/L suffix.')
+        prefix = 'unsigned ' * uCount + 'long ' * lCount
+        p[0] = c_ast.Constant(
+            prefix + 'int', p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_constant_2(self, p):
+        """ constant    : FLOAT_CONST
+                        | HEX_FLOAT_CONST
+        """
+        if 'x' in p[1].lower():
+            t = 'float'
+        else:
+            if p[1][-1] in ('f', 'F'):
+                t = 'float'
+            elif p[1][-1] in ('l', 'L'):
+                t = 'long double'
+            else:
+                t = 'double'
+
+        p[0] = c_ast.Constant(
+            t, p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    def p_constant_3(self, p):
+        """ constant    : CHAR_CONST
+                        | WCHAR_CONST
+                        | U8CHAR_CONST
+                        | U16CHAR_CONST
+                        | U32CHAR_CONST
+        """
+        p[0] = c_ast.Constant(
+            'char', p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+
+    # The "unified" string and wstring literal rules are for supporting
+    # concatenation of adjacent string literals.
+    # I.e. "hello " "world" is seen by the C compiler as a single string literal
+    # with the value "hello world"
+    #
+    def p_unified_string_literal(self, p):
+        """ unified_string_literal  : STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | unified_string_literal STRING_LITERAL
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2: # single literal
+            p[0] = c_ast.Constant(
+                'string', p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        else:
+            p[1].value = p[1].value[:-1] + p[2][1:]
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_unified_wstring_literal(self, p):
+        """ unified_wstring_literal : WSTRING_LITERAL
+                                    | U8STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | U16STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | U32STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | unified_wstring_literal WSTRING_LITERAL
+                                    | unified_wstring_literal U8STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | unified_wstring_literal U16STRING_LITERAL
+                                    | unified_wstring_literal U32STRING_LITERAL
+        """
+        if len(p) == 2: # single literal
+            p[0] = c_ast.Constant(
+                'string', p[1], self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        else:
+            p[1].value = p[1].value.rstrip()[:-1] + p[2][2:]
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+    def p_brace_open(self, p):
+        """ brace_open  :   LBRACE
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+        p.set_lineno(0, p.lineno(1))
+
+    def p_brace_close(self, p):
+        """ brace_close :   RBRACE
+        """
+        p[0] = p[1]
+        p.set_lineno(0, p.lineno(1))
+
+    def p_empty(self, p):
+        'empty : '
+        p[0] = None
+
+    def p_error(self, p):
+        # If error recovery is added here in the future, make sure
+        # _get_yacc_lookahead_token still works!
+        #
+        if p:
+            self._parse_error(
+                'before: %s' % p.value,
+                self._coord(lineno=p.lineno,
+                            column=self.clex.find_tok_column(p)))
+        else:
+            self._parse_error('At end of input', self.clex.filename)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/lextab.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/lextab.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeb5c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/lextab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# lextab.py. This file automatically created by PLY (version 3.10). Don't edit!
+_tabversion   = '3.10'
+_lextokens    = set(('AND', 'ANDEQUAL', 'ARROW', 'AUTO', 'BREAK', 'CASE', 'CHAR', 'CHAR_CONST', 'COLON', 'COMMA', 'CONDOP', 'CONST', 'CONTINUE', 'DEFAULT', 'DIVEQUAL', 'DIVIDE', 'DO', 'DOUBLE', 'ELLIPSIS', 'ELSE', 'ENUM', 'EQ', 'EQUALS', 'EXTERN', 'FLOAT', 'FLOAT_CONST', 'FOR', 'GE', 'GOTO', 'GT', 'HEX_FLOAT_CONST', 'ID', 'IF', 'INLINE', 'INT', 'INT_CONST_BIN', 'INT_CONST_CHAR', 'INT_CONST_DEC', 'INT_CONST_HEX', 'INT_CONST_OCT', 'LAND', 'LBRACE', 'LBRACKET', 'LE', 'LNOT', 'LONG', 'LOR', 'LPAREN', 'LSHIFT', 'LSHIFTEQUAL', 'LT', 'MINUS', 'MINUSEQUAL', 'MINUSMINUS', 'MOD', 'MODEQUAL', 'NE', 'NOT', 'OFFSETOF', 'OR', 'OREQUAL', 'PERIOD', 'PLUS', 'PLUSEQUAL', 'PLUSPLUS', 'PPHASH', 'PPPRAGMA', 'PPPRAGMASTR', 'RBRACE', 'RBRACKET', 'REGISTER', 'RESTRICT', 'RETURN', 'RPAREN', 'RSHIFT', 'RSHIFTEQUAL', 'SEMI', 'SHORT', 'SIGNED', 'SIZEOF', 'STATIC', 'STRING_LITERAL', 'STRUCT', 'SWITCH', 'TIMES', 'TIMESEQUAL', 'TYPEDEF', 'TYPEID', 'U16CHAR_CONST', 'U16STRING_LITERAL', 'U32CHAR_CONST', 'U32STRING_LITERAL', 'U8CHAR_CONST', 'U8STRING_LITERAL', 'UNION', 'UNSIGNED', 'VOID', 'VOLATILE', 'WCHAR_CONST', 'WHILE', 'WSTRING_LITERAL', 'XOR', 'XOREQUAL', '_ALIGNAS', '_ALIGNOF', '_ATOMIC', '_BOOL', '_COMPLEX', '_NORETURN', '_PRAGMA', '_STATIC_ASSERT', '_THREAD_LOCAL', '__INT128'))
+_lexreflags   = 64
+_lexliterals  = ''
+_lexstateinfo = {'INITIAL': 'inclusive', 'ppline': 'exclusive', 'pppragma': 'exclusive'}
+_lexstatere   = {'INITIAL': [('(?P<t_PPHASH>[ \\t]*\\#)|(?P<t_NEWLINE>\\n+)|(?P<t_LBRACE>\\{)|(?P<t_RBRACE>\\})|(?P<t_FLOAT_CONST>((((([0-9]*\\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]+\\.))([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?)|([0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)))[FfLl]?))|(?P<t_HEX_FLOAT_CONST>(0[xX]([0-9a-fA-F]+|((([0-9a-fA-F]+)?\\.[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9a-fA-F]+\\.)))([pP][+-]?[0-9]+)[FfLl]?))|(?P<t_INT_CONST_HEX>0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?)|(?P<t_INT_CONST_BIN>0[bB][01]+(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?)|(?P<t_BAD_CONST_OCT>0[0-7]*[89])|(?P<t_INT_CONST_OCT>0[0-7]*(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?)|(?P<t_INT_CONST_DEC>(0(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?)|([1-9][0-9]*(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?))|(?P<t_INT_CONST_CHAR>\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F])))){2,4}\')|(?P<t_CHAR_CONST>\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))\')|(?P<t_WCHAR_CONST>L\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))\')|(?P<t_U8CHAR_CONST>u8\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))\')|(?P<t_U16CHAR_CONST>u\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))\')|(?P<t_U32CHAR_CONST>U\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))\')|(?P<t_UNMATCHED_QUOTE>(\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))*\\n)|(\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))*$))|(?P<t_BAD_CHAR_CONST>(\'([^\'\\\\\\n]|(\\\\(([a-wyzA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]|x(?![0-9a-fA-F]))|(\\d+)(?!\\d)|(x[0-9a-fA-F]+)(?![0-9a-fA-F]))))[^\'\n]+\')|(\'\')|(\'([\\\\][^a-zA-Z._~^!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"x0-9])[^\'\\n]*\'))|(?P<t_WSTRING_LITERAL>L"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_U8STRING_LITERAL>u8"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_U16STRING_LITERAL>u"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_U32STRING_LITERAL>U"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_BAD_STRING_LITERAL>"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*([\\\\][^a-zA-Z._~^!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"x0-9])([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_ID>[a-zA-Z_$][0-9a-zA-Z_$]*)|(?P<t_STRING_LITERAL>"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_ELLIPSIS>\\.\\.\\.)|(?P<t_LOR>\\|\\|)|(?P<t_PLUSPLUS>\\+\\+)|(?P<t_LSHIFTEQUAL><<=)|(?P<t_OREQUAL>\\|=)|(?P<t_PLUSEQUAL>\\+=)|(?P<t_RSHIFTEQUAL>>>=)|(?P<t_TIMESEQUAL>\\*=)|(?P<t_XOREQUAL>\\^=)|(?P<t_ANDEQUAL>&=)|(?P<t_ARROW>->)|(?P<t_CONDOP>\\?)|(?P<t_DIVEQUAL>/=)|(?P<t_EQ>==)|(?P<t_GE>>=)|(?P<t_LAND>&&)|(?P<t_LBRACKET>\\[)|(?P<t_LE><=)|(?P<t_LPAREN>\\()|(?P<t_LSHIFT><<)|(?P<t_MINUSEQUAL>-=)|(?P<t_MINUSMINUS>--)|(?P<t_MODEQUAL>%=)|(?P<t_NE>!=)|(?P<t_OR>\\|)|(?P<t_PERIOD>\\.)|(?P<t_PLUS>\\+)|(?P<t_RBRACKET>\\])|(?P<t_RPAREN>\\))|(?P<t_RSHIFT>>>)|(?P<t_TIMES>\\*)|(?P<t_XOR>\\^)|(?P<t_AND>&)|(?P<t_COLON>:)|(?P<t_COMMA>,)|(?P<t_DIVIDE>/)|(?P<t_EQUALS>=)|(?P<t_GT>>)|(?P<t_LNOT>!)|(?P<t_LT><)|(?P<t_MINUS>-)|(?P<t_MOD>%)|(?P<t_NOT>~)|(?P<t_SEMI>;)', [None, ('t_PPHASH', 'PPHASH'), ('t_NEWLINE', 'NEWLINE'), ('t_LBRACE', 'LBRACE'), ('t_RBRACE', 'RBRACE'), ('t_FLOAT_CONST', 'FLOAT_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_HEX_FLOAT_CONST', 'HEX_FLOAT_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_INT_CONST_HEX', 'INT_CONST_HEX'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_INT_CONST_BIN', 'INT_CONST_BIN'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_BAD_CONST_OCT', 'BAD_CONST_OCT'), ('t_INT_CONST_OCT', 'INT_CONST_OCT'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_INT_CONST_DEC', 'INT_CONST_DEC'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_INT_CONST_CHAR', 'INT_CONST_CHAR'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_CHAR_CONST', 'CHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_WCHAR_CONST', 'WCHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_U8CHAR_CONST', 'U8CHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_U16CHAR_CONST', 'U16CHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_U32CHAR_CONST', 'U32CHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_UNMATCHED_QUOTE', 'UNMATCHED_QUOTE'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_BAD_CHAR_CONST', 'BAD_CHAR_CONST'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_WSTRING_LITERAL', 'WSTRING_LITERAL'), None, None, ('t_U8STRING_LITERAL', 'U8STRING_LITERAL'), None, None, ('t_U16STRING_LITERAL', 'U16STRING_LITERAL'), None, None, ('t_U32STRING_LITERAL', 'U32STRING_LITERAL'), None, None, ('t_BAD_STRING_LITERAL', 'BAD_STRING_LITERAL'), None, None, None, None, None, ('t_ID', 'ID'), (None, 'STRING_LITERAL'), None, None, (None, 'ELLIPSIS'), (None, 'LOR'), (None, 'PLUSPLUS'), (None, 'LSHIFTEQUAL'), (None, 'OREQUAL'), (None, 'PLUSEQUAL'), (None, 'RSHIFTEQUAL'), (None, 'TIMESEQUAL'), (None, 'XOREQUAL'), (None, 'ANDEQUAL'), (None, 'ARROW'), (None, 'CONDOP'), (None, 'DIVEQUAL'), (None, 'EQ'), (None, 'GE'), (None, 'LAND'), (None, 'LBRACKET'), (None, 'LE'), (None, 'LPAREN'), (None, 'LSHIFT'), (None, 'MINUSEQUAL'), (None, 'MINUSMINUS'), (None, 'MODEQUAL'), (None, 'NE'), (None, 'OR'), (None, 'PERIOD'), (None, 'PLUS'), (None, 'RBRACKET'), (None, 'RPAREN'), (None, 'RSHIFT'), (None, 'TIMES'), (None, 'XOR'), (None, 'AND'), (None, 'COLON'), (None, 'COMMA'), (None, 'DIVIDE'), (None, 'EQUALS'), (None, 'GT'), (None, 'LNOT'), (None, 'LT'), (None, 'MINUS'), (None, 'MOD'), (None, 'NOT'), (None, 'SEMI')])], 'ppline': [('(?P<t_ppline_FILENAME>"([^"\\\\\\n]|(\\\\[0-9a-zA-Z._~!=&\\^\\-\\\\?\'"]))*")|(?P<t_ppline_LINE_NUMBER>(0(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?)|([1-9][0-9]*(([uU]ll)|([uU]LL)|(ll[uU]?)|(LL[uU]?)|([uU][lL])|([lL][uU]?)|[uU])?))|(?P<t_ppline_NEWLINE>\\n)|(?P<t_ppline_PPLINE>line)', [None, ('t_ppline_FILENAME', 'FILENAME'), None, None, ('t_ppline_LINE_NUMBER', 'LINE_NUMBER'), None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, ('t_ppline_NEWLINE', 'NEWLINE'), ('t_ppline_PPLINE', 'PPLINE')])], 'pppragma': [('(?P<t_pppragma_NEWLINE>\\n)|(?P<t_pppragma_PPPRAGMA>pragma)|(?P<t_pppragma_STR>.+)', [None, ('t_pppragma_NEWLINE', 'NEWLINE'), ('t_pppragma_PPPRAGMA', 'PPPRAGMA'), ('t_pppragma_STR', 'STR')])]}
+_lexstateignore = {'INITIAL': ' \t', 'ppline': ' \t', 'pppragma': ' \t'}
+_lexstateerrorf = {'INITIAL': 't_error', 'ppline': 't_ppline_error', 'pppragma': 't_pppragma_error'}
+_lexstateeoff = {}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e53cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# PLY package
+# Author: David Beazley (dave@dabeaz.com)
+
+__version__ = '3.9'
+__all__ = ['lex','yacc']
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/cpp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/cpp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86273ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/cpp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# cpp.py
+#
+# Author:  David Beazley (http://www.dabeaz.com)
+# Copyright (C) 2017
+# All rights reserved
+#
+# This module implements an ANSI-C style lexical preprocessor for PLY.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import sys
+
+# Some Python 3 compatibility shims
+if sys.version_info.major < 3:
+    STRING_TYPES = (str, unicode)
+else:
+    STRING_TYPES = str
+    xrange = range
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Default preprocessor lexer definitions.   These tokens are enough to get
+# a basic preprocessor working.   Other modules may import these if they want
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+tokens = (
+   'CPP_ID','CPP_INTEGER', 'CPP_FLOAT', 'CPP_STRING', 'CPP_CHAR', 'CPP_WS', 'CPP_COMMENT1', 'CPP_COMMENT2', 'CPP_POUND','CPP_DPOUND'
+)
+
+literals = "+-*/%|&~^<>=!?()[]{}.,;:\\\'\""
+
+# Whitespace
+def t_CPP_WS(t):
+    r'\s+'
+    t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n")
+    return t
+
+t_CPP_POUND = r'\#'
+t_CPP_DPOUND = r'\#\#'
+
+# Identifier
+t_CPP_ID = r'[A-Za-z_][\w_]*'
+
+# Integer literal
+def CPP_INTEGER(t):
+    r'(((((0x)|(0X))[0-9a-fA-F]+)|(\d+))([uU][lL]|[lL][uU]|[uU]|[lL])?)'
+    return t
+
+t_CPP_INTEGER = CPP_INTEGER
+
+# Floating literal
+t_CPP_FLOAT = r'((\d+)(\.\d+)(e(\+|-)?(\d+))? | (\d+)e(\+|-)?(\d+))([lL]|[fF])?'
+
+# String literal
+def t_CPP_STRING(t):
+    r'\"([^\\\n]|(\\(.|\n)))*?\"'
+    t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n")
+    return t
+
+# Character constant 'c' or L'c'
+def t_CPP_CHAR(t):
+    r'(L)?\'([^\\\n]|(\\(.|\n)))*?\''
+    t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n")
+    return t
+
+# Comment
+def t_CPP_COMMENT1(t):
+    r'(/\*(.|\n)*?\*/)'
+    ncr = t.value.count("\n")
+    t.lexer.lineno += ncr
+    # replace with one space or a number of '\n'
+    t.type = 'CPP_WS'; t.value = '\n' * ncr if ncr else ' '
+    return t
+
+# Line comment
+def t_CPP_COMMENT2(t):
+    r'(//.*?(\n|$))'
+    # replace with '/n'
+    t.type = 'CPP_WS'; t.value = '\n'
+    return t
+
+def t_error(t):
+    t.type = t.value[0]
+    t.value = t.value[0]
+    t.lexer.skip(1)
+    return t
+
+import re
+import copy
+import time
+import os.path
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# trigraph()
+#
+# Given an input string, this function replaces all trigraph sequences.
+# The following mapping is used:
+#
+#     ??=    #
+#     ??/    \
+#     ??'    ^
+#     ??(    [
+#     ??)    ]
+#     ??!    |
+#     ??<    {
+#     ??>    }
+#     ??-    ~
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_trigraph_pat = re.compile(r'''\?\?[=/\'\(\)\!<>\-]''')
+_trigraph_rep = {
+    '=':'#',
+    '/':'\\',
+    "'":'^',
+    '(':'[',
+    ')':']',
+    '!':'|',
+    '<':'{',
+    '>':'}',
+    '-':'~'
+}
+
+def trigraph(input):
+    return _trigraph_pat.sub(lambda g: _trigraph_rep[g.group()[-1]],input)
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Macro object
+#
+# This object holds information about preprocessor macros
+#
+#    .name      - Macro name (string)
+#    .value     - Macro value (a list of tokens)
+#    .arglist   - List of argument names
+#    .variadic  - Boolean indicating whether or not variadic macro
+#    .vararg    - Name of the variadic parameter
+#
+# When a macro is created, the macro replacement token sequence is
+# pre-scanned and used to create patch lists that are later used
+# during macro expansion
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Macro(object):
+    def __init__(self,name,value,arglist=None,variadic=False):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+        self.arglist = arglist
+        self.variadic = variadic
+        if variadic:
+            self.vararg = arglist[-1]
+        self.source = None
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Preprocessor object
+#
+# Object representing a preprocessor.  Contains macro definitions,
+# include directories, and other information
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Preprocessor(object):
+    def __init__(self,lexer=None):
+        if lexer is None:
+            lexer = lex.lexer
+        self.lexer = lexer
+        self.macros = { }
+        self.path = []
+        self.temp_path = []
+
+        # Probe the lexer for selected tokens
+        self.lexprobe()
+
+        tm = time.localtime()
+        self.define("__DATE__ \"%s\"" % time.strftime("%b %d %Y",tm))
+        self.define("__TIME__ \"%s\"" % time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",tm))
+        self.parser = None
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # tokenize()
+    #
+    # Utility function. Given a string of text, tokenize into a list of tokens
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def tokenize(self,text):
+        tokens = []
+        self.lexer.input(text)
+        while True:
+            tok = self.lexer.token()
+            if not tok: break
+            tokens.append(tok)
+        return tokens
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # error()
+    #
+    # Report a preprocessor error/warning of some kind
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def error(self,file,line,msg):
+        print("%s:%d %s" % (file,line,msg))
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # lexprobe()
+    #
+    # This method probes the preprocessor lexer object to discover
+    # the token types of symbols that are important to the preprocessor.
+    # If this works right, the preprocessor will simply "work"
+    # with any suitable lexer regardless of how tokens have been named.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def lexprobe(self):
+
+        # Determine the token type for identifiers
+        self.lexer.input("identifier")
+        tok = self.lexer.token()
+        if not tok or tok.value != "identifier":
+            print("Couldn't determine identifier type")
+        else:
+            self.t_ID = tok.type
+
+        # Determine the token type for integers
+        self.lexer.input("12345")
+        tok = self.lexer.token()
+        if not tok or int(tok.value) != 12345:
+            print("Couldn't determine integer type")
+        else:
+            self.t_INTEGER = tok.type
+            self.t_INTEGER_TYPE = type(tok.value)
+
+        # Determine the token type for strings enclosed in double quotes
+        self.lexer.input("\"filename\"")
+        tok = self.lexer.token()
+        if not tok or tok.value != "\"filename\"":
+            print("Couldn't determine string type")
+        else:
+            self.t_STRING = tok.type
+
+        # Determine the token type for whitespace--if any
+        self.lexer.input("  ")
+        tok = self.lexer.token()
+        if not tok or tok.value != "  ":
+            self.t_SPACE = None
+        else:
+            self.t_SPACE = tok.type
+
+        # Determine the token type for newlines
+        self.lexer.input("\n")
+        tok = self.lexer.token()
+        if not tok or tok.value != "\n":
+            self.t_NEWLINE = None
+            print("Couldn't determine token for newlines")
+        else:
+            self.t_NEWLINE = tok.type
+
+        self.t_WS = (self.t_SPACE, self.t_NEWLINE)
+
+        # Check for other characters used by the preprocessor
+        chars = [ '<','>','#','##','\\','(',')',',','.']
+        for c in chars:
+            self.lexer.input(c)
+            tok = self.lexer.token()
+            if not tok or tok.value != c:
+                print("Unable to lex '%s' required for preprocessor" % c)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # add_path()
+    #
+    # Adds a search path to the preprocessor.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def add_path(self,path):
+        self.path.append(path)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # group_lines()
+    #
+    # Given an input string, this function splits it into lines.  Trailing whitespace
+    # is removed.   Any line ending with \ is grouped with the next line.  This
+    # function forms the lowest level of the preprocessor---grouping into text into
+    # a line-by-line format.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def group_lines(self,input):
+        lex = self.lexer.clone()
+        lines = [x.rstrip() for x in input.splitlines()]
+        for i in xrange(len(lines)):
+            j = i+1
+            while lines[i].endswith('\\') and (j < len(lines)):
+                lines[i] = lines[i][:-1]+lines[j]
+                lines[j] = ""
+                j += 1
+
+        input = "\n".join(lines)
+        lex.input(input)
+        lex.lineno = 1
+
+        current_line = []
+        while True:
+            tok = lex.token()
+            if not tok:
+                break
+            current_line.append(tok)
+            if tok.type in self.t_WS and '\n' in tok.value:
+                yield current_line
+                current_line = []
+
+        if current_line:
+            yield current_line
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # tokenstrip()
+    #
+    # Remove leading/trailing whitespace tokens from a token list
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def tokenstrip(self,tokens):
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(tokens) and tokens[i].type in self.t_WS:
+            i += 1
+        del tokens[:i]
+        i = len(tokens)-1
+        while i >= 0 and tokens[i].type in self.t_WS:
+            i -= 1
+        del tokens[i+1:]
+        return tokens
+
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # collect_args()
+    #
+    # Collects comma separated arguments from a list of tokens.   The arguments
+    # must be enclosed in parenthesis.  Returns a tuple (tokencount,args,positions)
+    # where tokencount is the number of tokens consumed, args is a list of arguments,
+    # and positions is a list of integers containing the starting index of each
+    # argument.  Each argument is represented by a list of tokens.
+    #
+    # When collecting arguments, leading and trailing whitespace is removed
+    # from each argument.
+    #
+    # This function properly handles nested parenthesis and commas---these do not
+    # define new arguments.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def collect_args(self,tokenlist):
+        args = []
+        positions = []
+        current_arg = []
+        nesting = 1
+        tokenlen = len(tokenlist)
+
+        # Search for the opening '('.
+        i = 0
+        while (i < tokenlen) and (tokenlist[i].type in self.t_WS):
+            i += 1
+
+        if (i < tokenlen) and (tokenlist[i].value == '('):
+            positions.append(i+1)
+        else:
+            self.error(self.source,tokenlist[0].lineno,"Missing '(' in macro arguments")
+            return 0, [], []
+
+        i += 1
+
+        while i < tokenlen:
+            t = tokenlist[i]
+            if t.value == '(':
+                current_arg.append(t)
+                nesting += 1
+            elif t.value == ')':
+                nesting -= 1
+                if nesting == 0:
+                    if current_arg:
+                        args.append(self.tokenstrip(current_arg))
+                        positions.append(i)
+                    return i+1,args,positions
+                current_arg.append(t)
+            elif t.value == ',' and nesting == 1:
+                args.append(self.tokenstrip(current_arg))
+                positions.append(i+1)
+                current_arg = []
+            else:
+                current_arg.append(t)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Missing end argument
+        self.error(self.source,tokenlist[-1].lineno,"Missing ')' in macro arguments")
+        return 0, [],[]
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # macro_prescan()
+    #
+    # Examine the macro value (token sequence) and identify patch points
+    # This is used to speed up macro expansion later on---we'll know
+    # right away where to apply patches to the value to form the expansion
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def macro_prescan(self,macro):
+        macro.patch     = []             # Standard macro arguments
+        macro.str_patch = []             # String conversion expansion
+        macro.var_comma_patch = []       # Variadic macro comma patch
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(macro.value):
+            if macro.value[i].type == self.t_ID and macro.value[i].value in macro.arglist:
+                argnum = macro.arglist.index(macro.value[i].value)
+                # Conversion of argument to a string
+                if i > 0 and macro.value[i-1].value == '#':
+                    macro.value[i] = copy.copy(macro.value[i])
+                    macro.value[i].type = self.t_STRING
+                    del macro.value[i-1]
+                    macro.str_patch.append((argnum,i-1))
+                    continue
+                # Concatenation
+                elif (i > 0 and macro.value[i-1].value == '##'):
+                    macro.patch.append(('c',argnum,i-1))
+                    del macro.value[i-1]
+                    continue
+                elif ((i+1) < len(macro.value) and macro.value[i+1].value == '##'):
+                    macro.patch.append(('c',argnum,i))
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+                # Standard expansion
+                else:
+                    macro.patch.append(('e',argnum,i))
+            elif macro.value[i].value == '##':
+                if macro.variadic and (i > 0) and (macro.value[i-1].value == ',') and \
+                        ((i+1) < len(macro.value)) and (macro.value[i+1].type == self.t_ID) and \
+                        (macro.value[i+1].value == macro.vararg):
+                    macro.var_comma_patch.append(i-1)
+            i += 1
+        macro.patch.sort(key=lambda x: x[2],reverse=True)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # macro_expand_args()
+    #
+    # Given a Macro and list of arguments (each a token list), this method
+    # returns an expanded version of a macro.  The return value is a token sequence
+    # representing the replacement macro tokens
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def macro_expand_args(self,macro,args):
+        # Make a copy of the macro token sequence
+        rep = [copy.copy(_x) for _x in macro.value]
+
+        # Make string expansion patches.  These do not alter the length of the replacement sequence
+
+        str_expansion = {}
+        for argnum, i in macro.str_patch:
+            if argnum not in str_expansion:
+                str_expansion[argnum] = ('"%s"' % "".join([x.value for x in args[argnum]])).replace("\\","\\\\")
+            rep[i] = copy.copy(rep[i])
+            rep[i].value = str_expansion[argnum]
+
+        # Make the variadic macro comma patch.  If the variadic macro argument is empty, we get rid
+        comma_patch = False
+        if macro.variadic and not args[-1]:
+            for i in macro.var_comma_patch:
+                rep[i] = None
+                comma_patch = True
+
+        # Make all other patches.   The order of these matters.  It is assumed that the patch list
+        # has been sorted in reverse order of patch location since replacements will cause the
+        # size of the replacement sequence to expand from the patch point.
+
+        expanded = { }
+        for ptype, argnum, i in macro.patch:
+            # Concatenation.   Argument is left unexpanded
+            if ptype == 'c':
+                rep[i:i+1] = args[argnum]
+            # Normal expansion.  Argument is macro expanded first
+            elif ptype == 'e':
+                if argnum not in expanded:
+                    expanded[argnum] = self.expand_macros(args[argnum])
+                rep[i:i+1] = expanded[argnum]
+
+        # Get rid of removed comma if necessary
+        if comma_patch:
+            rep = [_i for _i in rep if _i]
+
+        return rep
+
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # expand_macros()
+    #
+    # Given a list of tokens, this function performs macro expansion.
+    # The expanded argument is a dictionary that contains macros already
+    # expanded.  This is used to prevent infinite recursion.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def expand_macros(self,tokens,expanded=None):
+        if expanded is None:
+            expanded = {}
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(tokens):
+            t = tokens[i]
+            if t.type == self.t_ID:
+                if t.value in self.macros and t.value not in expanded:
+                    # Yes, we found a macro match
+                    expanded[t.value] = True
+
+                    m = self.macros[t.value]
+                    if not m.arglist:
+                        # A simple macro
+                        ex = self.expand_macros([copy.copy(_x) for _x in m.value],expanded)
+                        for e in ex:
+                            e.lineno = t.lineno
+                        tokens[i:i+1] = ex
+                        i += len(ex)
+                    else:
+                        # A macro with arguments
+                        j = i + 1
+                        while j < len(tokens) and tokens[j].type in self.t_WS:
+                            j += 1
+                        if tokens[j].value == '(':
+                            tokcount,args,positions = self.collect_args(tokens[j:])
+                            if not m.variadic and len(args) !=  len(m.arglist):
+                                self.error(self.source,t.lineno,"Macro %s requires %d arguments" % (t.value,len(m.arglist)))
+                                i = j + tokcount
+                            elif m.variadic and len(args) < len(m.arglist)-1:
+                                if len(m.arglist) > 2:
+                                    self.error(self.source,t.lineno,"Macro %s must have at least %d arguments" % (t.value, len(m.arglist)-1))
+                                else:
+                                    self.error(self.source,t.lineno,"Macro %s must have at least %d argument" % (t.value, len(m.arglist)-1))
+                                i = j + tokcount
+                            else:
+                                if m.variadic:
+                                    if len(args) == len(m.arglist)-1:
+                                        args.append([])
+                                    else:
+                                        args[len(m.arglist)-1] = tokens[j+positions[len(m.arglist)-1]:j+tokcount-1]
+                                        del args[len(m.arglist):]
+
+                                # Get macro replacement text
+                                rep = self.macro_expand_args(m,args)
+                                rep = self.expand_macros(rep,expanded)
+                                for r in rep:
+                                    r.lineno = t.lineno
+                                tokens[i:j+tokcount] = rep
+                                i += len(rep)
+                    del expanded[t.value]
+                    continue
+                elif t.value == '__LINE__':
+                    t.type = self.t_INTEGER
+                    t.value = self.t_INTEGER_TYPE(t.lineno)
+
+            i += 1
+        return tokens
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # evalexpr()
+    #
+    # Evaluate an expression token sequence for the purposes of evaluating
+    # integral expressions.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def evalexpr(self,tokens):
+        # tokens = tokenize(line)
+        # Search for defined macros
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(tokens):
+            if tokens[i].type == self.t_ID and tokens[i].value == 'defined':
+                j = i + 1
+                needparen = False
+                result = "0L"
+                while j < len(tokens):
+                    if tokens[j].type in self.t_WS:
+                        j += 1
+                        continue
+                    elif tokens[j].type == self.t_ID:
+                        if tokens[j].value in self.macros:
+                            result = "1L"
+                        else:
+                            result = "0L"
+                        if not needparen: break
+                    elif tokens[j].value == '(':
+                        needparen = True
+                    elif tokens[j].value == ')':
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        self.error(self.source,tokens[i].lineno,"Malformed defined()")
+                    j += 1
+                tokens[i].type = self.t_INTEGER
+                tokens[i].value = self.t_INTEGER_TYPE(result)
+                del tokens[i+1:j+1]
+            i += 1
+        tokens = self.expand_macros(tokens)
+        for i,t in enumerate(tokens):
+            if t.type == self.t_ID:
+                tokens[i] = copy.copy(t)
+                tokens[i].type = self.t_INTEGER
+                tokens[i].value = self.t_INTEGER_TYPE("0L")
+            elif t.type == self.t_INTEGER:
+                tokens[i] = copy.copy(t)
+                # Strip off any trailing suffixes
+                tokens[i].value = str(tokens[i].value)
+                while tokens[i].value[-1] not in "0123456789abcdefABCDEF":
+                    tokens[i].value = tokens[i].value[:-1]
+
+        expr = "".join([str(x.value) for x in tokens])
+        expr = expr.replace("&&"," and ")
+        expr = expr.replace("||"," or ")
+        expr = expr.replace("!"," not ")
+        try:
+            result = eval(expr)
+        except Exception:
+            self.error(self.source,tokens[0].lineno,"Couldn't evaluate expression")
+            result = 0
+        return result
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # parsegen()
+    #
+    # Parse an input string/
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def parsegen(self,input,source=None):
+
+        # Replace trigraph sequences
+        t = trigraph(input)
+        lines = self.group_lines(t)
+
+        if not source:
+            source = ""
+
+        self.define("__FILE__ \"%s\"" % source)
+
+        self.source = source
+        chunk = []
+        enable = True
+        iftrigger = False
+        ifstack = []
+
+        for x in lines:
+            for i,tok in enumerate(x):
+                if tok.type not in self.t_WS: break
+            if tok.value == '#':
+                # Preprocessor directive
+
+                # insert necessary whitespace instead of eaten tokens
+                for tok in x:
+                    if tok.type in self.t_WS and '\n' in tok.value:
+                        chunk.append(tok)
+
+                dirtokens = self.tokenstrip(x[i+1:])
+                if dirtokens:
+                    name = dirtokens[0].value
+                    args = self.tokenstrip(dirtokens[1:])
+                else:
+                    name = ""
+                    args = []
+
+                if name == 'define':
+                    if enable:
+                        for tok in self.expand_macros(chunk):
+                            yield tok
+                        chunk = []
+                        self.define(args)
+                elif name == 'include':
+                    if enable:
+                        for tok in self.expand_macros(chunk):
+                            yield tok
+                        chunk = []
+                        oldfile = self.macros['__FILE__']
+                        for tok in self.include(args):
+                            yield tok
+                        self.macros['__FILE__'] = oldfile
+                        self.source = source
+                elif name == 'undef':
+                    if enable:
+                        for tok in self.expand_macros(chunk):
+                            yield tok
+                        chunk = []
+                        self.undef(args)
+                elif name == 'ifdef':
+                    ifstack.append((enable,iftrigger))
+                    if enable:
+                        if not args[0].value in self.macros:
+                            enable = False
+                            iftrigger = False
+                        else:
+                            iftrigger = True
+                elif name == 'ifndef':
+                    ifstack.append((enable,iftrigger))
+                    if enable:
+                        if args[0].value in self.macros:
+                            enable = False
+                            iftrigger = False
+                        else:
+                            iftrigger = True
+                elif name == 'if':
+                    ifstack.append((enable,iftrigger))
+                    if enable:
+                        result = self.evalexpr(args)
+                        if not result:
+                            enable = False
+                            iftrigger = False
+                        else:
+                            iftrigger = True
+                elif name == 'elif':
+                    if ifstack:
+                        if ifstack[-1][0]:     # We only pay attention if outer "if" allows this
+                            if enable:         # If already true, we flip enable False
+                                enable = False
+                            elif not iftrigger:   # If False, but not triggered yet, we'll check expression
+                                result = self.evalexpr(args)
+                                if result:
+                                    enable  = True
+                                    iftrigger = True
+                    else:
+                        self.error(self.source,dirtokens[0].lineno,"Misplaced #elif")
+
+                elif name == 'else':
+                    if ifstack:
+                        if ifstack[-1][0]:
+                            if enable:
+                                enable = False
+                            elif not iftrigger:
+                                enable = True
+                                iftrigger = True
+                    else:
+                        self.error(self.source,dirtokens[0].lineno,"Misplaced #else")
+
+                elif name == 'endif':
+                    if ifstack:
+                        enable,iftrigger = ifstack.pop()
+                    else:
+                        self.error(self.source,dirtokens[0].lineno,"Misplaced #endif")
+                else:
+                    # Unknown preprocessor directive
+                    pass
+
+            else:
+                # Normal text
+                if enable:
+                    chunk.extend(x)
+
+        for tok in self.expand_macros(chunk):
+            yield tok
+        chunk = []
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # include()
+    #
+    # Implementation of file-inclusion
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def include(self,tokens):
+        # Try to extract the filename and then process an include file
+        if not tokens:
+            return
+        if tokens:
+            if tokens[0].value != '<' and tokens[0].type != self.t_STRING:
+                tokens = self.expand_macros(tokens)
+
+            if tokens[0].value == '<':
+                # Include <...>
+                i = 1
+                while i < len(tokens):
+                    if tokens[i].value == '>':
+                        break
+                    i += 1
+                else:
+                    print("Malformed #include <...>")
+                    return
+                filename = "".join([x.value for x in tokens[1:i]])
+                path = self.path + [""] + self.temp_path
+            elif tokens[0].type == self.t_STRING:
+                filename = tokens[0].value[1:-1]
+                path = self.temp_path + [""] + self.path
+            else:
+                print("Malformed #include statement")
+                return
+        for p in path:
+            iname = os.path.join(p,filename)
+            try:
+                data = open(iname,"r").read()
+                dname = os.path.dirname(iname)
+                if dname:
+                    self.temp_path.insert(0,dname)
+                for tok in self.parsegen(data,filename):
+                    yield tok
+                if dname:
+                    del self.temp_path[0]
+                break
+            except IOError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            print("Couldn't find '%s'" % filename)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # define()
+    #
+    # Define a new macro
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def define(self,tokens):
+        if isinstance(tokens,STRING_TYPES):
+            tokens = self.tokenize(tokens)
+
+        linetok = tokens
+        try:
+            name = linetok[0]
+            if len(linetok) > 1:
+                mtype = linetok[1]
+            else:
+                mtype = None
+            if not mtype:
+                m = Macro(name.value,[])
+                self.macros[name.value] = m
+            elif mtype.type in self.t_WS:
+                # A normal macro
+                m = Macro(name.value,self.tokenstrip(linetok[2:]))
+                self.macros[name.value] = m
+            elif mtype.value == '(':
+                # A macro with arguments
+                tokcount, args, positions = self.collect_args(linetok[1:])
+                variadic = False
+                for a in args:
+                    if variadic:
+                        print("No more arguments may follow a variadic argument")
+                        break
+                    astr = "".join([str(_i.value) for _i in a])
+                    if astr == "...":
+                        variadic = True
+                        a[0].type = self.t_ID
+                        a[0].value = '__VA_ARGS__'
+                        variadic = True
+                        del a[1:]
+                        continue
+                    elif astr[-3:] == "..." and a[0].type == self.t_ID:
+                        variadic = True
+                        del a[1:]
+                        # If, for some reason, "." is part of the identifier, strip off the name for the purposes
+                        # of macro expansion
+                        if a[0].value[-3:] == '...':
+                            a[0].value = a[0].value[:-3]
+                        continue
+                    if len(a) > 1 or a[0].type != self.t_ID:
+                        print("Invalid macro argument")
+                        break
+                else:
+                    mvalue = self.tokenstrip(linetok[1+tokcount:])
+                    i = 0
+                    while i < len(mvalue):
+                        if i+1 < len(mvalue):
+                            if mvalue[i].type in self.t_WS and mvalue[i+1].value == '##':
+                                del mvalue[i]
+                                continue
+                            elif mvalue[i].value == '##' and mvalue[i+1].type in self.t_WS:
+                                del mvalue[i+1]
+                        i += 1
+                    m = Macro(name.value,mvalue,[x[0].value for x in args],variadic)
+                    self.macro_prescan(m)
+                    self.macros[name.value] = m
+            else:
+                print("Bad macro definition")
+        except LookupError:
+            print("Bad macro definition")
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # undef()
+    #
+    # Undefine a macro
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def undef(self,tokens):
+        id = tokens[0].value
+        try:
+            del self.macros[id]
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # parse()
+    #
+    # Parse input text.
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def parse(self,input,source=None,ignore={}):
+        self.ignore = ignore
+        self.parser = self.parsegen(input,source)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # token()
+    #
+    # Method to return individual tokens
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def token(self):
+        try:
+            while True:
+                tok = next(self.parser)
+                if tok.type not in self.ignore: return tok
+        except StopIteration:
+            self.parser = None
+            return None
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import ply.lex as lex
+    lexer = lex.lex()
+
+    # Run a preprocessor
+    import sys
+    f = open(sys.argv[1])
+    input = f.read()
+
+    p = Preprocessor(lexer)
+    p.parse(input,sys.argv[1])
+    while True:
+        tok = p.token()
+        if not tok: break
+        print(p.source, tok)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ctokens.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ctokens.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6f6952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ctokens.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ctokens.py
+#
+# Token specifications for symbols in ANSI C and C++.  This file is
+# meant to be used as a library in other tokenizers.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Reserved words
+
+tokens = [
+    # Literals (identifier, integer constant, float constant, string constant, char const)
+    'ID', 'TYPEID', 'INTEGER', 'FLOAT', 'STRING', 'CHARACTER',
+
+    # Operators (+,-,*,/,%,|,&,~,^,<<,>>, ||, &&, !, <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=)
+    'PLUS', 'MINUS', 'TIMES', 'DIVIDE', 'MODULO',
+    'OR', 'AND', 'NOT', 'XOR', 'LSHIFT', 'RSHIFT',
+    'LOR', 'LAND', 'LNOT',
+    'LT', 'LE', 'GT', 'GE', 'EQ', 'NE',
+    
+    # Assignment (=, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |=)
+    'EQUALS', 'TIMESEQUAL', 'DIVEQUAL', 'MODEQUAL', 'PLUSEQUAL', 'MINUSEQUAL',
+    'LSHIFTEQUAL','RSHIFTEQUAL', 'ANDEQUAL', 'XOREQUAL', 'OREQUAL',
+
+    # Increment/decrement (++,--)
+    'INCREMENT', 'DECREMENT',
+
+    # Structure dereference (->)
+    'ARROW',
+
+    # Ternary operator (?)
+    'TERNARY',
+    
+    # Delimeters ( ) [ ] { } , . ; :
+    'LPAREN', 'RPAREN',
+    'LBRACKET', 'RBRACKET',
+    'LBRACE', 'RBRACE',
+    'COMMA', 'PERIOD', 'SEMI', 'COLON',
+
+    # Ellipsis (...)
+    'ELLIPSIS',
+]
+    
+# Operators
+t_PLUS             = r'\+'
+t_MINUS            = r'-'
+t_TIMES            = r'\*'
+t_DIVIDE           = r'/'
+t_MODULO           = r'%'
+t_OR               = r'\|'
+t_AND              = r'&'
+t_NOT              = r'~'
+t_XOR              = r'\^'
+t_LSHIFT           = r'<<'
+t_RSHIFT           = r'>>'
+t_LOR              = r'\|\|'
+t_LAND             = r'&&'
+t_LNOT             = r'!'
+t_LT               = r'<'
+t_GT               = r'>'
+t_LE               = r'<='
+t_GE               = r'>='
+t_EQ               = r'=='
+t_NE               = r'!='
+
+# Assignment operators
+
+t_EQUALS           = r'='
+t_TIMESEQUAL       = r'\*='
+t_DIVEQUAL         = r'/='
+t_MODEQUAL         = r'%='
+t_PLUSEQUAL        = r'\+='
+t_MINUSEQUAL       = r'-='
+t_LSHIFTEQUAL      = r'<<='
+t_RSHIFTEQUAL      = r'>>='
+t_ANDEQUAL         = r'&='
+t_OREQUAL          = r'\|='
+t_XOREQUAL         = r'\^='
+
+# Increment/decrement
+t_INCREMENT        = r'\+\+'
+t_DECREMENT        = r'--'
+
+# ->
+t_ARROW            = r'->'
+
+# ?
+t_TERNARY          = r'\?'
+
+# Delimeters
+t_LPAREN           = r'\('
+t_RPAREN           = r'\)'
+t_LBRACKET         = r'\['
+t_RBRACKET         = r'\]'
+t_LBRACE           = r'\{'
+t_RBRACE           = r'\}'
+t_COMMA            = r','
+t_PERIOD           = r'\.'
+t_SEMI             = r';'
+t_COLON            = r':'
+t_ELLIPSIS         = r'\.\.\.'
+
+# Identifiers
+t_ID = r'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*'
+
+# Integer literal
+t_INTEGER = r'\d+([uU]|[lL]|[uU][lL]|[lL][uU])?'
+
+# Floating literal
+t_FLOAT = r'((\d+)(\.\d+)(e(\+|-)?(\d+))? | (\d+)e(\+|-)?(\d+))([lL]|[fF])?'
+
+# String literal
+t_STRING = r'\"([^\\\n]|(\\.))*?\"'
+
+# Character constant 'c' or L'c'
+t_CHARACTER = r'(L)?\'([^\\\n]|(\\.))*?\''
+
+# Comment (C-Style)
+def t_COMMENT(t):
+    r'/\*(.|\n)*?\*/'
+    t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count('\n')
+    return t
+
+# Comment (C++-Style)
+def t_CPPCOMMENT(t):
+    r'//.*\n'
+    t.lexer.lineno += 1
+    return t
+
+
+    
+
+
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/lex.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/lex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc5139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/lex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ply: lex.py
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2017
+# David M. Beazley (Dabeaz LLC)
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the David Beazley or Dabeaz LLC may be used to
+#   endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#  specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+__version__    = '3.10'
+__tabversion__ = '3.10'
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import copy
+import os
+import inspect
+
+# This tuple contains known string types
+try:
+    # Python 2.6
+    StringTypes = (types.StringType, types.UnicodeType)
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 3.0
+    StringTypes = (str, bytes)
+
+# This regular expression is used to match valid token names
+_is_identifier = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$')
+
+# Exception thrown when invalid token encountered and no default error
+# handler is defined.
+class LexError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message, s):
+        self.args = (message,)
+        self.text = s
+
+
+# Token class.  This class is used to represent the tokens produced.
+class LexToken(object):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'LexToken(%s,%r,%d,%d)' % (self.type, self.value, self.lineno, self.lexpos)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+
+# This object is a stand-in for a logging object created by the
+# logging module.
+
+class PlyLogger(object):
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write((msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write('WARNING: ' + (msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write('ERROR: ' + (msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    info = critical
+    debug = critical
+
+
+# Null logger is used when no output is generated. Does nothing.
+class NullLogger(object):
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        return self
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                        === Lexing Engine ===
+#
+# The following Lexer class implements the lexer runtime.   There are only
+# a few public methods and attributes:
+#
+#    input()          -  Store a new string in the lexer
+#    token()          -  Get the next token
+#    clone()          -  Clone the lexer
+#
+#    lineno           -  Current line number
+#    lexpos           -  Current position in the input string
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Lexer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lexre = None             # Master regular expression. This is a list of
+                                      # tuples (re, findex) where re is a compiled
+                                      # regular expression and findex is a list
+                                      # mapping regex group numbers to rules
+        self.lexretext = None         # Current regular expression strings
+        self.lexstatere = {}          # Dictionary mapping lexer states to master regexs
+        self.lexstateretext = {}      # Dictionary mapping lexer states to regex strings
+        self.lexstaterenames = {}     # Dictionary mapping lexer states to symbol names
+        self.lexstate = 'INITIAL'     # Current lexer state
+        self.lexstatestack = []       # Stack of lexer states
+        self.lexstateinfo = None      # State information
+        self.lexstateignore = {}      # Dictionary of ignored characters for each state
+        self.lexstateerrorf = {}      # Dictionary of error functions for each state
+        self.lexstateeoff = {}        # Dictionary of eof functions for each state
+        self.lexreflags = 0           # Optional re compile flags
+        self.lexdata = None           # Actual input data (as a string)
+        self.lexpos = 0               # Current position in input text
+        self.lexlen = 0               # Length of the input text
+        self.lexerrorf = None         # Error rule (if any)
+        self.lexeoff = None           # EOF rule (if any)
+        self.lextokens = None         # List of valid tokens
+        self.lexignore = ''           # Ignored characters
+        self.lexliterals = ''         # Literal characters that can be passed through
+        self.lexmodule = None         # Module
+        self.lineno = 1               # Current line number
+        self.lexoptimize = False      # Optimized mode
+
+    def clone(self, object=None):
+        c = copy.copy(self)
+
+        # If the object parameter has been supplied, it means we are attaching the
+        # lexer to a new object.  In this case, we have to rebind all methods in
+        # the lexstatere and lexstateerrorf tables.
+
+        if object:
+            newtab = {}
+            for key, ritem in self.lexstatere.items():
+                newre = []
+                for cre, findex in ritem:
+                    newfindex = []
+                    for f in findex:
+                        if not f or not f[0]:
+                            newfindex.append(f)
+                            continue
+                        newfindex.append((getattr(object, f[0].__name__), f[1]))
+                newre.append((cre, newfindex))
+                newtab[key] = newre
+            c.lexstatere = newtab
+            c.lexstateerrorf = {}
+            for key, ef in self.lexstateerrorf.items():
+                c.lexstateerrorf[key] = getattr(object, ef.__name__)
+            c.lexmodule = object
+        return c
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # writetab() - Write lexer information to a table file
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def writetab(self, lextab, outputdir=''):
+        if isinstance(lextab, types.ModuleType):
+            raise IOError("Won't overwrite existing lextab module")
+        basetabmodule = lextab.split('.')[-1]
+        filename = os.path.join(outputdir, basetabmodule) + '.py'
+        with open(filename, 'w') as tf:
+            tf.write('# %s.py. This file automatically created by PLY (version %s). Don\'t edit!\n' % (basetabmodule, __version__))
+            tf.write('_tabversion   = %s\n' % repr(__tabversion__))
+            tf.write('_lextokens    = set(%s)\n' % repr(tuple(sorted(self.lextokens))))
+            tf.write('_lexreflags   = %s\n' % repr(self.lexreflags))
+            tf.write('_lexliterals  = %s\n' % repr(self.lexliterals))
+            tf.write('_lexstateinfo = %s\n' % repr(self.lexstateinfo))
+
+            # Rewrite the lexstatere table, replacing function objects with function names
+            tabre = {}
+            for statename, lre in self.lexstatere.items():
+                titem = []
+                for (pat, func), retext, renames in zip(lre, self.lexstateretext[statename], self.lexstaterenames[statename]):
+                    titem.append((retext, _funcs_to_names(func, renames)))
+                tabre[statename] = titem
+
+            tf.write('_lexstatere   = %s\n' % repr(tabre))
+            tf.write('_lexstateignore = %s\n' % repr(self.lexstateignore))
+
+            taberr = {}
+            for statename, ef in self.lexstateerrorf.items():
+                taberr[statename] = ef.__name__ if ef else None
+            tf.write('_lexstateerrorf = %s\n' % repr(taberr))
+
+            tabeof = {}
+            for statename, ef in self.lexstateeoff.items():
+                tabeof[statename] = ef.__name__ if ef else None
+            tf.write('_lexstateeoff = %s\n' % repr(tabeof))
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # readtab() - Read lexer information from a tab file
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def readtab(self, tabfile, fdict):
+        if isinstance(tabfile, types.ModuleType):
+            lextab = tabfile
+        else:
+            exec('import %s' % tabfile)
+            lextab = sys.modules[tabfile]
+
+        if getattr(lextab, '_tabversion', '0.0') != __tabversion__:
+            raise ImportError('Inconsistent PLY version')
+
+        self.lextokens      = lextab._lextokens
+        self.lexreflags     = lextab._lexreflags
+        self.lexliterals    = lextab._lexliterals
+        self.lextokens_all  = self.lextokens | set(self.lexliterals)
+        self.lexstateinfo   = lextab._lexstateinfo
+        self.lexstateignore = lextab._lexstateignore
+        self.lexstatere     = {}
+        self.lexstateretext = {}
+        for statename, lre in lextab._lexstatere.items():
+            titem = []
+            txtitem = []
+            for pat, func_name in lre:
+                titem.append((re.compile(pat, lextab._lexreflags), _names_to_funcs(func_name, fdict)))
+
+            self.lexstatere[statename] = titem
+            self.lexstateretext[statename] = txtitem
+
+        self.lexstateerrorf = {}
+        for statename, ef in lextab._lexstateerrorf.items():
+            self.lexstateerrorf[statename] = fdict[ef]
+
+        self.lexstateeoff = {}
+        for statename, ef in lextab._lexstateeoff.items():
+            self.lexstateeoff[statename] = fdict[ef]
+
+        self.begin('INITIAL')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # input() - Push a new string into the lexer
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def input(self, s):
+        # Pull off the first character to see if s looks like a string
+        c = s[:1]
+        if not isinstance(c, StringTypes):
+            raise ValueError('Expected a string')
+        self.lexdata = s
+        self.lexpos = 0
+        self.lexlen = len(s)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # begin() - Changes the lexing state
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def begin(self, state):
+        if state not in self.lexstatere:
+            raise ValueError('Undefined state')
+        self.lexre = self.lexstatere[state]
+        self.lexretext = self.lexstateretext[state]
+        self.lexignore = self.lexstateignore.get(state, '')
+        self.lexerrorf = self.lexstateerrorf.get(state, None)
+        self.lexeoff = self.lexstateeoff.get(state, None)
+        self.lexstate = state
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # push_state() - Changes the lexing state and saves old on stack
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def push_state(self, state):
+        self.lexstatestack.append(self.lexstate)
+        self.begin(state)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # pop_state() - Restores the previous state
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def pop_state(self):
+        self.begin(self.lexstatestack.pop())
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # current_state() - Returns the current lexing state
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def current_state(self):
+        return self.lexstate
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # skip() - Skip ahead n characters
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def skip(self, n):
+        self.lexpos += n
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    # opttoken() - Return the next token from the Lexer
+    #
+    # Note: This function has been carefully implemented to be as fast
+    # as possible.  Don't make changes unless you really know what
+    # you are doing
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------
+    def token(self):
+        # Make local copies of frequently referenced attributes
+        lexpos    = self.lexpos
+        lexlen    = self.lexlen
+        lexignore = self.lexignore
+        lexdata   = self.lexdata
+
+        while lexpos < lexlen:
+            # This code provides some short-circuit code for whitespace, tabs, and other ignored characters
+            if lexdata[lexpos] in lexignore:
+                lexpos += 1
+                continue
+
+            # Look for a regular expression match
+            for lexre, lexindexfunc in self.lexre:
+                m = lexre.match(lexdata, lexpos)
+                if not m:
+                    continue
+
+                # Create a token for return
+                tok = LexToken()
+                tok.value = m.group()
+                tok.lineno = self.lineno
+                tok.lexpos = lexpos
+
+                i = m.lastindex
+                func, tok.type = lexindexfunc[i]
+
+                if not func:
+                    # If no token type was set, it's an ignored token
+                    if tok.type:
+                        self.lexpos = m.end()
+                        return tok
+                    else:
+                        lexpos = m.end()
+                        break
+
+                lexpos = m.end()
+
+                # If token is processed by a function, call it
+
+                tok.lexer = self      # Set additional attributes useful in token rules
+                self.lexmatch = m
+                self.lexpos = lexpos
+
+                newtok = func(tok)
+
+                # Every function must return a token, if nothing, we just move to next token
+                if not newtok:
+                    lexpos    = self.lexpos         # This is here in case user has updated lexpos.
+                    lexignore = self.lexignore      # This is here in case there was a state change
+                    break
+
+                # Verify type of the token.  If not in the token map, raise an error
+                if not self.lexoptimize:
+                    if newtok.type not in self.lextokens_all:
+                        raise LexError("%s:%d: Rule '%s' returned an unknown token type '%s'" % (
+                            func.__code__.co_filename, func.__code__.co_firstlineno,
+                            func.__name__, newtok.type), lexdata[lexpos:])
+
+                return newtok
+            else:
+                # No match, see if in literals
+                if lexdata[lexpos] in self.lexliterals:
+                    tok = LexToken()
+                    tok.value = lexdata[lexpos]
+                    tok.lineno = self.lineno
+                    tok.type = tok.value
+                    tok.lexpos = lexpos
+                    self.lexpos = lexpos + 1
+                    return tok
+
+                # No match. Call t_error() if defined.
+                if self.lexerrorf:
+                    tok = LexToken()
+                    tok.value = self.lexdata[lexpos:]
+                    tok.lineno = self.lineno
+                    tok.type = 'error'
+                    tok.lexer = self
+                    tok.lexpos = lexpos
+                    self.lexpos = lexpos
+                    newtok = self.lexerrorf(tok)
+                    if lexpos == self.lexpos:
+                        # Error method didn't change text position at all. This is an error.
+                        raise LexError("Scanning error. Illegal character '%s'" % (lexdata[lexpos]), lexdata[lexpos:])
+                    lexpos = self.lexpos
+                    if not newtok:
+                        continue
+                    return newtok
+
+                self.lexpos = lexpos
+                raise LexError("Illegal character '%s' at index %d" % (lexdata[lexpos], lexpos), lexdata[lexpos:])
+
+        if self.lexeoff:
+            tok = LexToken()
+            tok.type = 'eof'
+            tok.value = ''
+            tok.lineno = self.lineno
+            tok.lexpos = lexpos
+            tok.lexer = self
+            self.lexpos = lexpos
+            newtok = self.lexeoff(tok)
+            return newtok
+
+        self.lexpos = lexpos + 1
+        if self.lexdata is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('No input string given with input()')
+        return None
+
+    # Iterator interface
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def next(self):
+        t = self.token()
+        if t is None:
+            raise StopIteration
+        return t
+
+    __next__ = next
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                           ==== Lex Builder ===
+#
+# The functions and classes below are used to collect lexing information
+# and build a Lexer object from it.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _get_regex(func)
+#
+# Returns the regular expression assigned to a function either as a doc string
+# or as a .regex attribute attached by the @TOKEN decorator.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _get_regex(func):
+    return getattr(func, 'regex', func.__doc__)
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_caller_module_dict()
+#
+# This function returns a dictionary containing all of the symbols defined within
+# a caller further down the call stack.  This is used to get the environment
+# associated with the yacc() call if none was provided.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def get_caller_module_dict(levels):
+    f = sys._getframe(levels)
+    ldict = f.f_globals.copy()
+    if f.f_globals != f.f_locals:
+        ldict.update(f.f_locals)
+    return ldict
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _funcs_to_names()
+#
+# Given a list of regular expression functions, this converts it to a list
+# suitable for output to a table file
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _funcs_to_names(funclist, namelist):
+    result = []
+    for f, name in zip(funclist, namelist):
+        if f and f[0]:
+            result.append((name, f[1]))
+        else:
+            result.append(f)
+    return result
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _names_to_funcs()
+#
+# Given a list of regular expression function names, this converts it back to
+# functions.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _names_to_funcs(namelist, fdict):
+    result = []
+    for n in namelist:
+        if n and n[0]:
+            result.append((fdict[n[0]], n[1]))
+        else:
+            result.append(n)
+    return result
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _form_master_re()
+#
+# This function takes a list of all of the regex components and attempts to
+# form the master regular expression.  Given limitations in the Python re
+# module, it may be necessary to break the master regex into separate expressions.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _form_master_re(relist, reflags, ldict, toknames):
+    if not relist:
+        return []
+    regex = '|'.join(relist)
+    try:
+        lexre = re.compile(regex, reflags)
+
+        # Build the index to function map for the matching engine
+        lexindexfunc = [None] * (max(lexre.groupindex.values()) + 1)
+        lexindexnames = lexindexfunc[:]
+
+        for f, i in lexre.groupindex.items():
+            handle = ldict.get(f, None)
+            if type(handle) in (types.FunctionType, types.MethodType):
+                lexindexfunc[i] = (handle, toknames[f])
+                lexindexnames[i] = f
+            elif handle is not None:
+                lexindexnames[i] = f
+                if f.find('ignore_') > 0:
+                    lexindexfunc[i] = (None, None)
+                else:
+                    lexindexfunc[i] = (None, toknames[f])
+
+        return [(lexre, lexindexfunc)], [regex], [lexindexnames]
+    except Exception:
+        m = int(len(relist)/2)
+        if m == 0:
+            m = 1
+        llist, lre, lnames = _form_master_re(relist[:m], reflags, ldict, toknames)
+        rlist, rre, rnames = _form_master_re(relist[m:], reflags, ldict, toknames)
+        return (llist+rlist), (lre+rre), (lnames+rnames)
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# def _statetoken(s,names)
+#
+# Given a declaration name s of the form "t_" and a dictionary whose keys are
+# state names, this function returns a tuple (states,tokenname) where states
+# is a tuple of state names and tokenname is the name of the token.  For example,
+# calling this with s = "t_foo_bar_SPAM" might return (('foo','bar'),'SPAM')
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _statetoken(s, names):
+    nonstate = 1
+    parts = s.split('_')
+    for i, part in enumerate(parts[1:], 1):
+        if part not in names and part != 'ANY':
+            break
+
+    if i > 1:
+        states = tuple(parts[1:i])
+    else:
+        states = ('INITIAL',)
+
+    if 'ANY' in states:
+        states = tuple(names)
+
+    tokenname = '_'.join(parts[i:])
+    return (states, tokenname)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# LexerReflect()
+#
+# This class represents information needed to build a lexer as extracted from a
+# user's input file.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class LexerReflect(object):
+    def __init__(self, ldict, log=None, reflags=0):
+        self.ldict      = ldict
+        self.error_func = None
+        self.tokens     = []
+        self.reflags    = reflags
+        self.stateinfo  = {'INITIAL': 'inclusive'}
+        self.modules    = set()
+        self.error      = False
+        self.log        = PlyLogger(sys.stderr) if log is None else log
+
+    # Get all of the basic information
+    def get_all(self):
+        self.get_tokens()
+        self.get_literals()
+        self.get_states()
+        self.get_rules()
+
+    # Validate all of the information
+    def validate_all(self):
+        self.validate_tokens()
+        self.validate_literals()
+        self.validate_rules()
+        return self.error
+
+    # Get the tokens map
+    def get_tokens(self):
+        tokens = self.ldict.get('tokens', None)
+        if not tokens:
+            self.log.error('No token list is defined')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(tokens, (list, tuple)):
+            self.log.error('tokens must be a list or tuple')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        if not tokens:
+            self.log.error('tokens is empty')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        self.tokens = tokens
+
+    # Validate the tokens
+    def validate_tokens(self):
+        terminals = {}
+        for n in self.tokens:
+            if not _is_identifier.match(n):
+                self.log.error("Bad token name '%s'", n)
+                self.error = True
+            if n in terminals:
+                self.log.warning("Token '%s' multiply defined", n)
+            terminals[n] = 1
+
+    # Get the literals specifier
+    def get_literals(self):
+        self.literals = self.ldict.get('literals', '')
+        if not self.literals:
+            self.literals = ''
+
+    # Validate literals
+    def validate_literals(self):
+        try:
+            for c in self.literals:
+                if not isinstance(c, StringTypes) or len(c) > 1:
+                    self.log.error('Invalid literal %s. Must be a single character', repr(c))
+                    self.error = True
+
+        except TypeError:
+            self.log.error('Invalid literals specification. literals must be a sequence of characters')
+            self.error = True
+
+    def get_states(self):
+        self.states = self.ldict.get('states', None)
+        # Build statemap
+        if self.states:
+            if not isinstance(self.states, (tuple, list)):
+                self.log.error('states must be defined as a tuple or list')
+                self.error = True
+            else:
+                for s in self.states:
+                    if not isinstance(s, tuple) or len(s) != 2:
+                        self.log.error("Invalid state specifier %s. Must be a tuple (statename,'exclusive|inclusive')", repr(s))
+                        self.error = True
+                        continue
+                    name, statetype = s
+                    if not isinstance(name, StringTypes):
+                        self.log.error('State name %s must be a string', repr(name))
+                        self.error = True
+                        continue
+                    if not (statetype == 'inclusive' or statetype == 'exclusive'):
+                        self.log.error("State type for state %s must be 'inclusive' or 'exclusive'", name)
+                        self.error = True
+                        continue
+                    if name in self.stateinfo:
+                        self.log.error("State '%s' already defined", name)
+                        self.error = True
+                        continue
+                    self.stateinfo[name] = statetype
+
+    # Get all of the symbols with a t_ prefix and sort them into various
+    # categories (functions, strings, error functions, and ignore characters)
+
+    def get_rules(self):
+        tsymbols = [f for f in self.ldict if f[:2] == 't_']
+
+        # Now build up a list of functions and a list of strings
+        self.toknames = {}        # Mapping of symbols to token names
+        self.funcsym  = {}        # Symbols defined as functions
+        self.strsym   = {}        # Symbols defined as strings
+        self.ignore   = {}        # Ignore strings by state
+        self.errorf   = {}        # Error functions by state
+        self.eoff     = {}        # EOF functions by state
+
+        for s in self.stateinfo:
+            self.funcsym[s] = []
+            self.strsym[s] = []
+
+        if len(tsymbols) == 0:
+            self.log.error('No rules of the form t_rulename are defined')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        for f in tsymbols:
+            t = self.ldict[f]
+            states, tokname = _statetoken(f, self.stateinfo)
+            self.toknames[f] = tokname
+
+            if hasattr(t, '__call__'):
+                if tokname == 'error':
+                    for s in states:
+                        self.errorf[s] = t
+                elif tokname == 'eof':
+                    for s in states:
+                        self.eoff[s] = t
+                elif tokname == 'ignore':
+                    line = t.__code__.co_firstlineno
+                    file = t.__code__.co_filename
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Rule '%s' must be defined as a string", file, line, t.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+                else:
+                    for s in states:
+                        self.funcsym[s].append((f, t))
+            elif isinstance(t, StringTypes):
+                if tokname == 'ignore':
+                    for s in states:
+                        self.ignore[s] = t
+                    if '\\' in t:
+                        self.log.warning("%s contains a literal backslash '\\'", f)
+
+                elif tokname == 'error':
+                    self.log.error("Rule '%s' must be defined as a function", f)
+                    self.error = True
+                else:
+                    for s in states:
+                        self.strsym[s].append((f, t))
+            else:
+                self.log.error('%s not defined as a function or string', f)
+                self.error = True
+
+        # Sort the functions by line number
+        for f in self.funcsym.values():
+            f.sort(key=lambda x: x[1].__code__.co_firstlineno)
+
+        # Sort the strings by regular expression length
+        for s in self.strsym.values():
+            s.sort(key=lambda x: len(x[1]), reverse=True)
+
+    # Validate all of the t_rules collected
+    def validate_rules(self):
+        for state in self.stateinfo:
+            # Validate all rules defined by functions
+
+            for fname, f in self.funcsym[state]:
+                line = f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+                file = f.__code__.co_filename
+                module = inspect.getmodule(f)
+                self.modules.add(module)
+
+                tokname = self.toknames[fname]
+                if isinstance(f, types.MethodType):
+                    reqargs = 2
+                else:
+                    reqargs = 1
+                nargs = f.__code__.co_argcount
+                if nargs > reqargs:
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Rule '%s' has too many arguments", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+                    continue
+
+                if nargs < reqargs:
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Rule '%s' requires an argument", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+                    continue
+
+                if not _get_regex(f):
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: No regular expression defined for rule '%s'", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    c = re.compile('(?P<%s>%s)' % (fname, _get_regex(f)), self.reflags)
+                    if c.match(''):
+                        self.log.error("%s:%d: Regular expression for rule '%s' matches empty string", file, line, f.__name__)
+                        self.error = True
+                except re.error as e:
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Invalid regular expression for rule '%s'. %s", file, line, f.__name__, e)
+                    if '#' in _get_regex(f):
+                        self.log.error("%s:%d. Make sure '#' in rule '%s' is escaped with '\\#'", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+
+            # Validate all rules defined by strings
+            for name, r in self.strsym[state]:
+                tokname = self.toknames[name]
+                if tokname == 'error':
+                    self.log.error("Rule '%s' must be defined as a function", name)
+                    self.error = True
+                    continue
+
+                if tokname not in self.tokens and tokname.find('ignore_') < 0:
+                    self.log.error("Rule '%s' defined for an unspecified token %s", name, tokname)
+                    self.error = True
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    c = re.compile('(?P<%s>%s)' % (name, r), self.reflags)
+                    if (c.match('')):
+                        self.log.error("Regular expression for rule '%s' matches empty string", name)
+                        self.error = True
+                except re.error as e:
+                    self.log.error("Invalid regular expression for rule '%s'. %s", name, e)
+                    if '#' in r:
+                        self.log.error("Make sure '#' in rule '%s' is escaped with '\\#'", name)
+                    self.error = True
+
+            if not self.funcsym[state] and not self.strsym[state]:
+                self.log.error("No rules defined for state '%s'", state)
+                self.error = True
+
+            # Validate the error function
+            efunc = self.errorf.get(state, None)
+            if efunc:
+                f = efunc
+                line = f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+                file = f.__code__.co_filename
+                module = inspect.getmodule(f)
+                self.modules.add(module)
+
+                if isinstance(f, types.MethodType):
+                    reqargs = 2
+                else:
+                    reqargs = 1
+                nargs = f.__code__.co_argcount
+                if nargs > reqargs:
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Rule '%s' has too many arguments", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+
+                if nargs < reqargs:
+                    self.log.error("%s:%d: Rule '%s' requires an argument", file, line, f.__name__)
+                    self.error = True
+
+        for module in self.modules:
+            self.validate_module(module)
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # validate_module()
+    #
+    # This checks to see if there are duplicated t_rulename() functions or strings
+    # in the parser input file.  This is done using a simple regular expression
+    # match on each line in the source code of the given module.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def validate_module(self, module):
+        try:
+            lines, linen = inspect.getsourcelines(module)
+        except IOError:
+            return
+
+        fre = re.compile(r'\s*def\s+(t_[a-zA-Z_0-9]*)\(')
+        sre = re.compile(r'\s*(t_[a-zA-Z_0-9]*)\s*=')
+
+        counthash = {}
+        linen += 1
+        for line in lines:
+            m = fre.match(line)
+            if not m:
+                m = sre.match(line)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1)
+                prev = counthash.get(name)
+                if not prev:
+                    counthash[name] = linen
+                else:
+                    filename = inspect.getsourcefile(module)
+                    self.log.error('%s:%d: Rule %s redefined. Previously defined on line %d', filename, linen, name, prev)
+                    self.error = True
+            linen += 1
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# lex(module)
+#
+# Build all of the regular expression rules from definitions in the supplied module
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def lex(module=None, object=None, debug=False, optimize=False, lextab='lextab',
+        reflags=int(re.VERBOSE), nowarn=False, outputdir=None, debuglog=None, errorlog=None):
+
+    if lextab is None:
+        lextab = 'lextab'
+
+    global lexer
+
+    ldict = None
+    stateinfo  = {'INITIAL': 'inclusive'}
+    lexobj = Lexer()
+    lexobj.lexoptimize = optimize
+    global token, input
+
+    if errorlog is None:
+        errorlog = PlyLogger(sys.stderr)
+
+    if debug:
+        if debuglog is None:
+            debuglog = PlyLogger(sys.stderr)
+
+    # Get the module dictionary used for the lexer
+    if object:
+        module = object
+
+    # Get the module dictionary used for the parser
+    if module:
+        _items = [(k, getattr(module, k)) for k in dir(module)]
+        ldict = dict(_items)
+        # If no __file__ attribute is available, try to obtain it from the __module__ instead
+        if '__file__' not in ldict:
+            ldict['__file__'] = sys.modules[ldict['__module__']].__file__
+    else:
+        ldict = get_caller_module_dict(2)
+
+    # Determine if the module is package of a package or not.
+    # If so, fix the tabmodule setting so that tables load correctly
+    pkg = ldict.get('__package__')
+    if pkg and isinstance(lextab, str):
+        if '.' not in lextab:
+            lextab = pkg + '.' + lextab
+
+    # Collect parser information from the dictionary
+    linfo = LexerReflect(ldict, log=errorlog, reflags=reflags)
+    linfo.get_all()
+    if not optimize:
+        if linfo.validate_all():
+            raise SyntaxError("Can't build lexer")
+
+    if optimize and lextab:
+        try:
+            lexobj.readtab(lextab, ldict)
+            token = lexobj.token
+            input = lexobj.input
+            lexer = lexobj
+            return lexobj
+
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+    # Dump some basic debugging information
+    if debug:
+        debuglog.info('lex: tokens   = %r', linfo.tokens)
+        debuglog.info('lex: literals = %r', linfo.literals)
+        debuglog.info('lex: states   = %r', linfo.stateinfo)
+
+    # Build a dictionary of valid token names
+    lexobj.lextokens = set()
+    for n in linfo.tokens:
+        lexobj.lextokens.add(n)
+
+    # Get literals specification
+    if isinstance(linfo.literals, (list, tuple)):
+        lexobj.lexliterals = type(linfo.literals[0])().join(linfo.literals)
+    else:
+        lexobj.lexliterals = linfo.literals
+
+    lexobj.lextokens_all = lexobj.lextokens | set(lexobj.lexliterals)
+
+    # Get the stateinfo dictionary
+    stateinfo = linfo.stateinfo
+
+    regexs = {}
+    # Build the master regular expressions
+    for state in stateinfo:
+        regex_list = []
+
+        # Add rules defined by functions first
+        for fname, f in linfo.funcsym[state]:
+            line = f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            file = f.__code__.co_filename
+            regex_list.append('(?P<%s>%s)' % (fname, _get_regex(f)))
+            if debug:
+                debuglog.info("lex: Adding rule %s -> '%s' (state '%s')", fname, _get_regex(f), state)
+
+        # Now add all of the simple rules
+        for name, r in linfo.strsym[state]:
+            regex_list.append('(?P<%s>%s)' % (name, r))
+            if debug:
+                debuglog.info("lex: Adding rule %s -> '%s' (state '%s')", name, r, state)
+
+        regexs[state] = regex_list
+
+    # Build the master regular expressions
+
+    if debug:
+        debuglog.info('lex: ==== MASTER REGEXS FOLLOW ====')
+
+    for state in regexs:
+        lexre, re_text, re_names = _form_master_re(regexs[state], reflags, ldict, linfo.toknames)
+        lexobj.lexstatere[state] = lexre
+        lexobj.lexstateretext[state] = re_text
+        lexobj.lexstaterenames[state] = re_names
+        if debug:
+            for i, text in enumerate(re_text):
+                debuglog.info("lex: state '%s' : regex[%d] = '%s'", state, i, text)
+
+    # For inclusive states, we need to add the regular expressions from the INITIAL state
+    for state, stype in stateinfo.items():
+        if state != 'INITIAL' and stype == 'inclusive':
+            lexobj.lexstatere[state].extend(lexobj.lexstatere['INITIAL'])
+            lexobj.lexstateretext[state].extend(lexobj.lexstateretext['INITIAL'])
+            lexobj.lexstaterenames[state].extend(lexobj.lexstaterenames['INITIAL'])
+
+    lexobj.lexstateinfo = stateinfo
+    lexobj.lexre = lexobj.lexstatere['INITIAL']
+    lexobj.lexretext = lexobj.lexstateretext['INITIAL']
+    lexobj.lexreflags = reflags
+
+    # Set up ignore variables
+    lexobj.lexstateignore = linfo.ignore
+    lexobj.lexignore = lexobj.lexstateignore.get('INITIAL', '')
+
+    # Set up error functions
+    lexobj.lexstateerrorf = linfo.errorf
+    lexobj.lexerrorf = linfo.errorf.get('INITIAL', None)
+    if not lexobj.lexerrorf:
+        errorlog.warning('No t_error rule is defined')
+
+    # Set up eof functions
+    lexobj.lexstateeoff = linfo.eoff
+    lexobj.lexeoff = linfo.eoff.get('INITIAL', None)
+
+    # Check state information for ignore and error rules
+    for s, stype in stateinfo.items():
+        if stype == 'exclusive':
+            if s not in linfo.errorf:
+                errorlog.warning("No error rule is defined for exclusive state '%s'", s)
+            if s not in linfo.ignore and lexobj.lexignore:
+                errorlog.warning("No ignore rule is defined for exclusive state '%s'", s)
+        elif stype == 'inclusive':
+            if s not in linfo.errorf:
+                linfo.errorf[s] = linfo.errorf.get('INITIAL', None)
+            if s not in linfo.ignore:
+                linfo.ignore[s] = linfo.ignore.get('INITIAL', '')
+
+    # Create global versions of the token() and input() functions
+    token = lexobj.token
+    input = lexobj.input
+    lexer = lexobj
+
+    # If in optimize mode, we write the lextab
+    if lextab and optimize:
+        if outputdir is None:
+            # If no output directory is set, the location of the output files
+            # is determined according to the following rules:
+            #     - If lextab specifies a package, files go into that package directory
+            #     - Otherwise, files go in the same directory as the specifying module
+            if isinstance(lextab, types.ModuleType):
+                srcfile = lextab.__file__
+            else:
+                if '.' not in lextab:
+                    srcfile = ldict['__file__']
+                else:
+                    parts = lextab.split('.')
+                    pkgname = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
+                    exec('import %s' % pkgname)
+                    srcfile = getattr(sys.modules[pkgname], '__file__', '')
+            outputdir = os.path.dirname(srcfile)
+        try:
+            lexobj.writetab(lextab, outputdir)
+        except IOError as e:
+            errorlog.warning("Couldn't write lextab module %r. %s" % (lextab, e))
+
+    return lexobj
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# runmain()
+#
+# This runs the lexer as a main program
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def runmain(lexer=None, data=None):
+    if not data:
+        try:
+            filename = sys.argv[1]
+            f = open(filename)
+            data = f.read()
+            f.close()
+        except IndexError:
+            sys.stdout.write('Reading from standard input (type EOF to end):\n')
+            data = sys.stdin.read()
+
+    if lexer:
+        _input = lexer.input
+    else:
+        _input = input
+    _input(data)
+    if lexer:
+        _token = lexer.token
+    else:
+        _token = token
+
+    while True:
+        tok = _token()
+        if not tok:
+            break
+        sys.stdout.write('(%s,%r,%d,%d)\n' % (tok.type, tok.value, tok.lineno, tok.lexpos))
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# @TOKEN(regex)
+#
+# This decorator function can be used to set the regex expression on a function
+# when its docstring might need to be set in an alternative way
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def TOKEN(r):
+    def set_regex(f):
+        if hasattr(r, '__call__'):
+            f.regex = _get_regex(r)
+        else:
+            f.regex = r
+        return f
+    return set_regex
+
+# Alternative spelling of the TOKEN decorator
+Token = TOKEN
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20b4f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3494 @@
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ply: yacc.py
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2017
+# David M. Beazley (Dabeaz LLC)
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the David Beazley or Dabeaz LLC may be used to
+#   endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#  specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# This implements an LR parser that is constructed from grammar rules defined
+# as Python functions. The grammer is specified by supplying the BNF inside
+# Python documentation strings.  The inspiration for this technique was borrowed
+# from John Aycock's Spark parsing system.  PLY might be viewed as cross between
+# Spark and the GNU bison utility.
+#
+# The current implementation is only somewhat object-oriented. The
+# LR parser itself is defined in terms of an object (which allows multiple
+# parsers to co-exist).  However, most of the variables used during table
+# construction are defined in terms of global variables.  Users shouldn't
+# notice unless they are trying to define multiple parsers at the same
+# time using threads (in which case they should have their head examined).
+#
+# This implementation supports both SLR and LALR(1) parsing.  LALR(1)
+# support was originally implemented by Elias Ioup (ezioup@alumni.uchicago.edu),
+# using the algorithm found in Aho, Sethi, and Ullman "Compilers: Principles,
+# Techniques, and Tools" (The Dragon Book).  LALR(1) has since been replaced
+# by the more efficient DeRemer and Pennello algorithm.
+#
+# :::::::: WARNING :::::::
+#
+# Construction of LR parsing tables is fairly complicated and expensive.
+# To make this module run fast, a *LOT* of work has been put into
+# optimization---often at the expensive of readability and what might
+# consider to be good Python "coding style."   Modify the code at your
+# own risk!
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import re
+import types
+import sys
+import os.path
+import inspect
+import base64
+import warnings
+
+__version__    = '3.10'
+__tabversion__ = '3.10'
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                     === User configurable parameters ===
+#
+# Change these to modify the default behavior of yacc (if you wish)
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+yaccdebug   = True             # Debugging mode.  If set, yacc generates a
+                               # a 'parser.out' file in the current directory
+
+debug_file  = 'parser.out'     # Default name of the debugging file
+tab_module  = 'parsetab'       # Default name of the table module
+default_lr  = 'LALR'           # Default LR table generation method
+
+error_count = 3                # Number of symbols that must be shifted to leave recovery mode
+
+yaccdevel   = False            # Set to True if developing yacc.  This turns off optimized
+                               # implementations of certain functions.
+
+resultlimit = 40               # Size limit of results when running in debug mode.
+
+pickle_protocol = 0            # Protocol to use when writing pickle files
+
+# String type-checking compatibility
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    string_types = basestring
+else:
+    string_types = str
+
+MAXINT = sys.maxsize
+
+# This object is a stand-in for a logging object created by the
+# logging module.   PLY will use this by default to create things
+# such as the parser.out file.  If a user wants more detailed
+# information, they can create their own logging object and pass
+# it into PLY.
+
+class PlyLogger(object):
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write((msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    info = debug
+
+    def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write('WARNING: ' + (msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.f.write('ERROR: ' + (msg % args) + '\n')
+
+    critical = debug
+
+# Null logger is used when no output is generated. Does nothing.
+class NullLogger(object):
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        return self
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self
+
+# Exception raised for yacc-related errors
+class YaccError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+# Format the result message that the parser produces when running in debug mode.
+def format_result(r):
+    repr_str = repr(r)
+    if '\n' in repr_str:
+        repr_str = repr(repr_str)
+    if len(repr_str) > resultlimit:
+        repr_str = repr_str[:resultlimit] + ' ...'
+    result = '<%s @ 0x%x> (%s)' % (type(r).__name__, id(r), repr_str)
+    return result
+
+# Format stack entries when the parser is running in debug mode
+def format_stack_entry(r):
+    repr_str = repr(r)
+    if '\n' in repr_str:
+        repr_str = repr(repr_str)
+    if len(repr_str) < 16:
+        return repr_str
+    else:
+        return '<%s @ 0x%x>' % (type(r).__name__, id(r))
+
+# Panic mode error recovery support.   This feature is being reworked--much of the
+# code here is to offer a deprecation/backwards compatible transition
+
+_errok = None
+_token = None
+_restart = None
+_warnmsg = '''PLY: Don't use global functions errok(), token(), and restart() in p_error().
+Instead, invoke the methods on the associated parser instance:
+
+    def p_error(p):
+        ...
+        # Use parser.errok(), parser.token(), parser.restart()
+        ...
+
+    parser = yacc.yacc()
+'''
+
+def errok():
+    warnings.warn(_warnmsg)
+    return _errok()
+
+def restart():
+    warnings.warn(_warnmsg)
+    return _restart()
+
+def token():
+    warnings.warn(_warnmsg)
+    return _token()
+
+# Utility function to call the p_error() function with some deprecation hacks
+def call_errorfunc(errorfunc, token, parser):
+    global _errok, _token, _restart
+    _errok = parser.errok
+    _token = parser.token
+    _restart = parser.restart
+    r = errorfunc(token)
+    try:
+        del _errok, _token, _restart
+    except NameError:
+        pass
+    return r
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                        ===  LR Parsing Engine ===
+#
+# The following classes are used for the LR parser itself.  These are not
+# used during table construction and are independent of the actual LR
+# table generation algorithm
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# This class is used to hold non-terminal grammar symbols during parsing.
+# It normally has the following attributes set:
+#        .type       = Grammar symbol type
+#        .value      = Symbol value
+#        .lineno     = Starting line number
+#        .endlineno  = Ending line number (optional, set automatically)
+#        .lexpos     = Starting lex position
+#        .endlexpos  = Ending lex position (optional, set automatically)
+
+class YaccSymbol:
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.type
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+# This class is a wrapper around the objects actually passed to each
+# grammar rule.   Index lookup and assignment actually assign the
+# .value attribute of the underlying YaccSymbol object.
+# The lineno() method returns the line number of a given
+# item (or 0 if not defined).   The linespan() method returns
+# a tuple of (startline,endline) representing the range of lines
+# for a symbol.  The lexspan() method returns a tuple (lexpos,endlexpos)
+# representing the range of positional information for a symbol.
+
+class YaccProduction:
+    def __init__(self, s, stack=None):
+        self.slice = s
+        self.stack = stack
+        self.lexer = None
+        self.parser = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, n):
+        if isinstance(n, slice):
+            return [s.value for s in self.slice[n]]
+        elif n >= 0:
+            return self.slice[n].value
+        else:
+            return self.stack[n].value
+
+    def __setitem__(self, n, v):
+        self.slice[n].value = v
+
+    def __getslice__(self, i, j):
+        return [s.value for s in self.slice[i:j]]
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.slice)
+
+    def lineno(self, n):
+        return getattr(self.slice[n], 'lineno', 0)
+
+    def set_lineno(self, n, lineno):
+        self.slice[n].lineno = lineno
+
+    def linespan(self, n):
+        startline = getattr(self.slice[n], 'lineno', 0)
+        endline = getattr(self.slice[n], 'endlineno', startline)
+        return startline, endline
+
+    def lexpos(self, n):
+        return getattr(self.slice[n], 'lexpos', 0)
+
+    def lexspan(self, n):
+        startpos = getattr(self.slice[n], 'lexpos', 0)
+        endpos = getattr(self.slice[n], 'endlexpos', startpos)
+        return startpos, endpos
+
+    def error(self):
+        raise SyntaxError
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                               == LRParser ==
+#
+# The LR Parsing engine.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LRParser:
+    def __init__(self, lrtab, errorf):
+        self.productions = lrtab.lr_productions
+        self.action = lrtab.lr_action
+        self.goto = lrtab.lr_goto
+        self.errorfunc = errorf
+        self.set_defaulted_states()
+        self.errorok = True
+
+    def errok(self):
+        self.errorok = True
+
+    def restart(self):
+        del self.statestack[:]
+        del self.symstack[:]
+        sym = YaccSymbol()
+        sym.type = '$end'
+        self.symstack.append(sym)
+        self.statestack.append(0)
+
+    # Defaulted state support.
+    # This method identifies parser states where there is only one possible reduction action.
+    # For such states, the parser can make a choose to make a rule reduction without consuming
+    # the next look-ahead token.  This delayed invocation of the tokenizer can be useful in
+    # certain kinds of advanced parsing situations where the lexer and parser interact with
+    # each other or change states (i.e., manipulation of scope, lexer states, etc.).
+    #
+    # See:  https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/manual/html_node/Default-Reductions.html#Default-Reductions
+    def set_defaulted_states(self):
+        self.defaulted_states = {}
+        for state, actions in self.action.items():
+            rules = list(actions.values())
+            if len(rules) == 1 and rules[0] < 0:
+                self.defaulted_states[state] = rules[0]
+
+    def disable_defaulted_states(self):
+        self.defaulted_states = {}
+
+    def parse(self, input=None, lexer=None, debug=False, tracking=False, tokenfunc=None):
+        if debug or yaccdevel:
+            if isinstance(debug, int):
+                debug = PlyLogger(sys.stderr)
+            return self.parsedebug(input, lexer, debug, tracking, tokenfunc)
+        elif tracking:
+            return self.parseopt(input, lexer, debug, tracking, tokenfunc)
+        else:
+            return self.parseopt_notrack(input, lexer, debug, tracking, tokenfunc)
+
+
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+    # parsedebug().
+    #
+    # This is the debugging enabled version of parse().  All changes made to the
+    # parsing engine should be made here.   Optimized versions of this function
+    # are automatically created by the ply/ygen.py script.  This script cuts out
+    # sections enclosed in markers such as this:
+    #
+    #      #--! DEBUG
+    #      statements
+    #      #--! DEBUG
+    #
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+    def parsedebug(self, input=None, lexer=None, debug=False, tracking=False, tokenfunc=None):
+        #--! parsedebug-start
+        lookahead = None                         # Current lookahead symbol
+        lookaheadstack = []                      # Stack of lookahead symbols
+        actions = self.action                    # Local reference to action table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        goto    = self.goto                      # Local reference to goto table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        prod    = self.productions               # Local reference to production list (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        defaulted_states = self.defaulted_states # Local reference to defaulted states
+        pslice  = YaccProduction(None)           # Production object passed to grammar rules
+        errorcount = 0                           # Used during error recovery
+
+        #--! DEBUG
+        debug.info('PLY: PARSE DEBUG START')
+        #--! DEBUG
+
+        # If no lexer was given, we will try to use the lex module
+        if not lexer:
+            from . import lex
+            lexer = lex.lexer
+
+        # Set up the lexer and parser objects on pslice
+        pslice.lexer = lexer
+        pslice.parser = self
+
+        # If input was supplied, pass to lexer
+        if input is not None:
+            lexer.input(input)
+
+        if tokenfunc is None:
+            # Tokenize function
+            get_token = lexer.token
+        else:
+            get_token = tokenfunc
+
+        # Set the parser() token method (sometimes used in error recovery)
+        self.token = get_token
+
+        # Set up the state and symbol stacks
+
+        statestack = []                # Stack of parsing states
+        self.statestack = statestack
+        symstack   = []                # Stack of grammar symbols
+        self.symstack = symstack
+
+        pslice.stack = symstack         # Put in the production
+        errtoken   = None               # Err token
+
+        # The start state is assumed to be (0,$end)
+
+        statestack.append(0)
+        sym = YaccSymbol()
+        sym.type = '$end'
+        symstack.append(sym)
+        state = 0
+        while True:
+            # Get the next symbol on the input.  If a lookahead symbol
+            # is already set, we just use that. Otherwise, we'll pull
+            # the next token off of the lookaheadstack or from the lexer
+
+            #--! DEBUG
+            debug.debug('')
+            debug.debug('State  : %s', state)
+            #--! DEBUG
+
+            if state not in defaulted_states:
+                if not lookahead:
+                    if not lookaheadstack:
+                        lookahead = get_token()     # Get the next token
+                    else:
+                        lookahead = lookaheadstack.pop()
+                    if not lookahead:
+                        lookahead = YaccSymbol()
+                        lookahead.type = '$end'
+
+                # Check the action table
+                ltype = lookahead.type
+                t = actions[state].get(ltype)
+            else:
+                t = defaulted_states[state]
+                #--! DEBUG
+                debug.debug('Defaulted state %s: Reduce using %d', state, -t)
+                #--! DEBUG
+
+            #--! DEBUG
+            debug.debug('Stack  : %s',
+                        ('%s . %s' % (' '.join([xx.type for xx in symstack][1:]), str(lookahead))).lstrip())
+            #--! DEBUG
+
+            if t is not None:
+                if t > 0:
+                    # shift a symbol on the stack
+                    statestack.append(t)
+                    state = t
+
+                    #--! DEBUG
+                    debug.debug('Action : Shift and goto state %s', t)
+                    #--! DEBUG
+
+                    symstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = None
+
+                    # Decrease error count on successful shift
+                    if errorcount:
+                        errorcount -= 1
+                    continue
+
+                if t < 0:
+                    # reduce a symbol on the stack, emit a production
+                    p = prod[-t]
+                    pname = p.name
+                    plen  = p.len
+
+                    # Get production function
+                    sym = YaccSymbol()
+                    sym.type = pname       # Production name
+                    sym.value = None
+
+                    #--! DEBUG
+                    if plen:
+                        debug.info('Action : Reduce rule [%s] with %s and goto state %d', p.str,
+                                   '['+','.join([format_stack_entry(_v.value) for _v in symstack[-plen:]])+']',
+                                   goto[statestack[-1-plen]][pname])
+                    else:
+                        debug.info('Action : Reduce rule [%s] with %s and goto state %d', p.str, [],
+                                   goto[statestack[-1]][pname])
+
+                    #--! DEBUG
+
+                    if plen:
+                        targ = symstack[-plen-1:]
+                        targ[0] = sym
+
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            t1 = targ[1]
+                            sym.lineno = t1.lineno
+                            sym.lexpos = t1.lexpos
+                            t1 = targ[-1]
+                            sym.endlineno = getattr(t1, 'endlineno', t1.lineno)
+                            sym.endlexpos = getattr(t1, 'endlexpos', t1.lexpos)
+                        #--! TRACKING
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # below as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            del symstack[-plen:]
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            del statestack[-plen:]
+                            #--! DEBUG
+                            debug.info('Result : %s', format_result(pslice[0]))
+                            #--! DEBUG
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            symstack.extend(targ[1:-1])         # Put the production slice back on the stack
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                    else:
+
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            sym.lineno = lexer.lineno
+                            sym.lexpos = lexer.lexpos
+                        #--! TRACKING
+
+                        targ = [sym]
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # above as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            #--! DEBUG
+                            debug.info('Result : %s', format_result(pslice[0]))
+                            #--! DEBUG
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                if t == 0:
+                    n = symstack[-1]
+                    result = getattr(n, 'value', None)
+                    #--! DEBUG
+                    debug.info('Done   : Returning %s', format_result(result))
+                    debug.info('PLY: PARSE DEBUG END')
+                    #--! DEBUG
+                    return result
+
+            if t is None:
+
+                #--! DEBUG
+                debug.error('Error  : %s',
+                            ('%s . %s' % (' '.join([xx.type for xx in symstack][1:]), str(lookahead))).lstrip())
+                #--! DEBUG
+
+                # We have some kind of parsing error here.  To handle
+                # this, we are going to push the current token onto
+                # the tokenstack and replace it with an 'error' token.
+                # If there are any synchronization rules, they may
+                # catch it.
+                #
+                # In addition to pushing the error token, we call call
+                # the user defined p_error() function if this is the
+                # first syntax error.  This function is only called if
+                # errorcount == 0.
+                if errorcount == 0 or self.errorok:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+                    self.errorok = False
+                    errtoken = lookahead
+                    if errtoken.type == '$end':
+                        errtoken = None               # End of file!
+                    if self.errorfunc:
+                        if errtoken and not hasattr(errtoken, 'lexer'):
+                            errtoken.lexer = lexer
+                        self.state = state
+                        tok = call_errorfunc(self.errorfunc, errtoken, self)
+                        if self.errorok:
+                            # User must have done some kind of panic
+                            # mode recovery on their own.  The
+                            # returned token is the next lookahead
+                            lookahead = tok
+                            errtoken = None
+                            continue
+                    else:
+                        if errtoken:
+                            if hasattr(errtoken, 'lineno'):
+                                lineno = lookahead.lineno
+                            else:
+                                lineno = 0
+                            if lineno:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error at line %d, token=%s\n' % (lineno, errtoken.type))
+                            else:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error, token=%s' % errtoken.type)
+                        else:
+                            sys.stderr.write('yacc: Parse error in input. EOF\n')
+                            return
+
+                else:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+
+                # case 1:  the statestack only has 1 entry on it.  If we're in this state, the
+                # entire parse has been rolled back and we're completely hosed.   The token is
+                # discarded and we just keep going.
+
+                if len(statestack) <= 1 and lookahead.type != '$end':
+                    lookahead = None
+                    errtoken = None
+                    state = 0
+                    # Nuke the pushback stack
+                    del lookaheadstack[:]
+                    continue
+
+                # case 2: the statestack has a couple of entries on it, but we're
+                # at the end of the file. nuke the top entry and generate an error token
+
+                # Start nuking entries on the stack
+                if lookahead.type == '$end':
+                    # Whoa. We're really hosed here. Bail out
+                    return
+
+                if lookahead.type != 'error':
+                    sym = symstack[-1]
+                    if sym.type == 'error':
+                        # Hmmm. Error is on top of stack, we'll just nuke input
+                        # symbol and continue
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            sym.endlineno = getattr(lookahead, 'lineno', sym.lineno)
+                            sym.endlexpos = getattr(lookahead, 'lexpos', sym.lexpos)
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        lookahead = None
+                        continue
+
+                    # Create the error symbol for the first time and make it the new lookahead symbol
+                    t = YaccSymbol()
+                    t.type = 'error'
+
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lineno'):
+                        t.lineno = t.endlineno = lookahead.lineno
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lexpos'):
+                        t.lexpos = t.endlexpos = lookahead.lexpos
+                    t.value = lookahead
+                    lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = t
+                else:
+                    sym = symstack.pop()
+                    #--! TRACKING
+                    if tracking:
+                        lookahead.lineno = sym.lineno
+                        lookahead.lexpos = sym.lexpos
+                    #--! TRACKING
+                    statestack.pop()
+                    state = statestack[-1]
+
+                continue
+
+            # Call an error function here
+            raise RuntimeError('yacc: internal parser error!!!\n')
+
+        #--! parsedebug-end
+
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+    # parseopt().
+    #
+    # Optimized version of parse() method.  DO NOT EDIT THIS CODE DIRECTLY!
+    # This code is automatically generated by the ply/ygen.py script. Make
+    # changes to the parsedebug() method instead.
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+    def parseopt(self, input=None, lexer=None, debug=False, tracking=False, tokenfunc=None):
+        #--! parseopt-start
+        lookahead = None                         # Current lookahead symbol
+        lookaheadstack = []                      # Stack of lookahead symbols
+        actions = self.action                    # Local reference to action table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        goto    = self.goto                      # Local reference to goto table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        prod    = self.productions               # Local reference to production list (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        defaulted_states = self.defaulted_states # Local reference to defaulted states
+        pslice  = YaccProduction(None)           # Production object passed to grammar rules
+        errorcount = 0                           # Used during error recovery
+
+
+        # If no lexer was given, we will try to use the lex module
+        if not lexer:
+            from . import lex
+            lexer = lex.lexer
+
+        # Set up the lexer and parser objects on pslice
+        pslice.lexer = lexer
+        pslice.parser = self
+
+        # If input was supplied, pass to lexer
+        if input is not None:
+            lexer.input(input)
+
+        if tokenfunc is None:
+            # Tokenize function
+            get_token = lexer.token
+        else:
+            get_token = tokenfunc
+
+        # Set the parser() token method (sometimes used in error recovery)
+        self.token = get_token
+
+        # Set up the state and symbol stacks
+
+        statestack = []                # Stack of parsing states
+        self.statestack = statestack
+        symstack   = []                # Stack of grammar symbols
+        self.symstack = symstack
+
+        pslice.stack = symstack         # Put in the production
+        errtoken   = None               # Err token
+
+        # The start state is assumed to be (0,$end)
+
+        statestack.append(0)
+        sym = YaccSymbol()
+        sym.type = '$end'
+        symstack.append(sym)
+        state = 0
+        while True:
+            # Get the next symbol on the input.  If a lookahead symbol
+            # is already set, we just use that. Otherwise, we'll pull
+            # the next token off of the lookaheadstack or from the lexer
+
+
+            if state not in defaulted_states:
+                if not lookahead:
+                    if not lookaheadstack:
+                        lookahead = get_token()     # Get the next token
+                    else:
+                        lookahead = lookaheadstack.pop()
+                    if not lookahead:
+                        lookahead = YaccSymbol()
+                        lookahead.type = '$end'
+
+                # Check the action table
+                ltype = lookahead.type
+                t = actions[state].get(ltype)
+            else:
+                t = defaulted_states[state]
+
+
+            if t is not None:
+                if t > 0:
+                    # shift a symbol on the stack
+                    statestack.append(t)
+                    state = t
+
+
+                    symstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = None
+
+                    # Decrease error count on successful shift
+                    if errorcount:
+                        errorcount -= 1
+                    continue
+
+                if t < 0:
+                    # reduce a symbol on the stack, emit a production
+                    p = prod[-t]
+                    pname = p.name
+                    plen  = p.len
+
+                    # Get production function
+                    sym = YaccSymbol()
+                    sym.type = pname       # Production name
+                    sym.value = None
+
+
+                    if plen:
+                        targ = symstack[-plen-1:]
+                        targ[0] = sym
+
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            t1 = targ[1]
+                            sym.lineno = t1.lineno
+                            sym.lexpos = t1.lexpos
+                            t1 = targ[-1]
+                            sym.endlineno = getattr(t1, 'endlineno', t1.lineno)
+                            sym.endlexpos = getattr(t1, 'endlexpos', t1.lexpos)
+                        #--! TRACKING
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # below as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            del symstack[-plen:]
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            del statestack[-plen:]
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            symstack.extend(targ[1:-1])         # Put the production slice back on the stack
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                    else:
+
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            sym.lineno = lexer.lineno
+                            sym.lexpos = lexer.lexpos
+                        #--! TRACKING
+
+                        targ = [sym]
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # above as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                if t == 0:
+                    n = symstack[-1]
+                    result = getattr(n, 'value', None)
+                    return result
+
+            if t is None:
+
+
+                # We have some kind of parsing error here.  To handle
+                # this, we are going to push the current token onto
+                # the tokenstack and replace it with an 'error' token.
+                # If there are any synchronization rules, they may
+                # catch it.
+                #
+                # In addition to pushing the error token, we call call
+                # the user defined p_error() function if this is the
+                # first syntax error.  This function is only called if
+                # errorcount == 0.
+                if errorcount == 0 or self.errorok:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+                    self.errorok = False
+                    errtoken = lookahead
+                    if errtoken.type == '$end':
+                        errtoken = None               # End of file!
+                    if self.errorfunc:
+                        if errtoken and not hasattr(errtoken, 'lexer'):
+                            errtoken.lexer = lexer
+                        self.state = state
+                        tok = call_errorfunc(self.errorfunc, errtoken, self)
+                        if self.errorok:
+                            # User must have done some kind of panic
+                            # mode recovery on their own.  The
+                            # returned token is the next lookahead
+                            lookahead = tok
+                            errtoken = None
+                            continue
+                    else:
+                        if errtoken:
+                            if hasattr(errtoken, 'lineno'):
+                                lineno = lookahead.lineno
+                            else:
+                                lineno = 0
+                            if lineno:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error at line %d, token=%s\n' % (lineno, errtoken.type))
+                            else:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error, token=%s' % errtoken.type)
+                        else:
+                            sys.stderr.write('yacc: Parse error in input. EOF\n')
+                            return
+
+                else:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+
+                # case 1:  the statestack only has 1 entry on it.  If we're in this state, the
+                # entire parse has been rolled back and we're completely hosed.   The token is
+                # discarded and we just keep going.
+
+                if len(statestack) <= 1 and lookahead.type != '$end':
+                    lookahead = None
+                    errtoken = None
+                    state = 0
+                    # Nuke the pushback stack
+                    del lookaheadstack[:]
+                    continue
+
+                # case 2: the statestack has a couple of entries on it, but we're
+                # at the end of the file. nuke the top entry and generate an error token
+
+                # Start nuking entries on the stack
+                if lookahead.type == '$end':
+                    # Whoa. We're really hosed here. Bail out
+                    return
+
+                if lookahead.type != 'error':
+                    sym = symstack[-1]
+                    if sym.type == 'error':
+                        # Hmmm. Error is on top of stack, we'll just nuke input
+                        # symbol and continue
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        if tracking:
+                            sym.endlineno = getattr(lookahead, 'lineno', sym.lineno)
+                            sym.endlexpos = getattr(lookahead, 'lexpos', sym.lexpos)
+                        #--! TRACKING
+                        lookahead = None
+                        continue
+
+                    # Create the error symbol for the first time and make it the new lookahead symbol
+                    t = YaccSymbol()
+                    t.type = 'error'
+
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lineno'):
+                        t.lineno = t.endlineno = lookahead.lineno
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lexpos'):
+                        t.lexpos = t.endlexpos = lookahead.lexpos
+                    t.value = lookahead
+                    lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = t
+                else:
+                    sym = symstack.pop()
+                    #--! TRACKING
+                    if tracking:
+                        lookahead.lineno = sym.lineno
+                        lookahead.lexpos = sym.lexpos
+                    #--! TRACKING
+                    statestack.pop()
+                    state = statestack[-1]
+
+                continue
+
+            # Call an error function here
+            raise RuntimeError('yacc: internal parser error!!!\n')
+
+        #--! parseopt-end
+
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+    # parseopt_notrack().
+    #
+    # Optimized version of parseopt() with line number tracking removed.
+    # DO NOT EDIT THIS CODE DIRECTLY. This code is automatically generated
+    # by the ply/ygen.py script. Make changes to the parsedebug() method instead.
+    # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+    def parseopt_notrack(self, input=None, lexer=None, debug=False, tracking=False, tokenfunc=None):
+        #--! parseopt-notrack-start
+        lookahead = None                         # Current lookahead symbol
+        lookaheadstack = []                      # Stack of lookahead symbols
+        actions = self.action                    # Local reference to action table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        goto    = self.goto                      # Local reference to goto table (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        prod    = self.productions               # Local reference to production list (to avoid lookup on self.)
+        defaulted_states = self.defaulted_states # Local reference to defaulted states
+        pslice  = YaccProduction(None)           # Production object passed to grammar rules
+        errorcount = 0                           # Used during error recovery
+
+
+        # If no lexer was given, we will try to use the lex module
+        if not lexer:
+            from . import lex
+            lexer = lex.lexer
+
+        # Set up the lexer and parser objects on pslice
+        pslice.lexer = lexer
+        pslice.parser = self
+
+        # If input was supplied, pass to lexer
+        if input is not None:
+            lexer.input(input)
+
+        if tokenfunc is None:
+            # Tokenize function
+            get_token = lexer.token
+        else:
+            get_token = tokenfunc
+
+        # Set the parser() token method (sometimes used in error recovery)
+        self.token = get_token
+
+        # Set up the state and symbol stacks
+
+        statestack = []                # Stack of parsing states
+        self.statestack = statestack
+        symstack   = []                # Stack of grammar symbols
+        self.symstack = symstack
+
+        pslice.stack = symstack         # Put in the production
+        errtoken   = None               # Err token
+
+        # The start state is assumed to be (0,$end)
+
+        statestack.append(0)
+        sym = YaccSymbol()
+        sym.type = '$end'
+        symstack.append(sym)
+        state = 0
+        while True:
+            # Get the next symbol on the input.  If a lookahead symbol
+            # is already set, we just use that. Otherwise, we'll pull
+            # the next token off of the lookaheadstack or from the lexer
+
+
+            if state not in defaulted_states:
+                if not lookahead:
+                    if not lookaheadstack:
+                        lookahead = get_token()     # Get the next token
+                    else:
+                        lookahead = lookaheadstack.pop()
+                    if not lookahead:
+                        lookahead = YaccSymbol()
+                        lookahead.type = '$end'
+
+                # Check the action table
+                ltype = lookahead.type
+                t = actions[state].get(ltype)
+            else:
+                t = defaulted_states[state]
+
+
+            if t is not None:
+                if t > 0:
+                    # shift a symbol on the stack
+                    statestack.append(t)
+                    state = t
+
+
+                    symstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = None
+
+                    # Decrease error count on successful shift
+                    if errorcount:
+                        errorcount -= 1
+                    continue
+
+                if t < 0:
+                    # reduce a symbol on the stack, emit a production
+                    p = prod[-t]
+                    pname = p.name
+                    plen  = p.len
+
+                    # Get production function
+                    sym = YaccSymbol()
+                    sym.type = pname       # Production name
+                    sym.value = None
+
+
+                    if plen:
+                        targ = symstack[-plen-1:]
+                        targ[0] = sym
+
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # below as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            del symstack[-plen:]
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            del statestack[-plen:]
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            symstack.extend(targ[1:-1])         # Put the production slice back on the stack
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                    else:
+
+
+                        targ = [sym]
+
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+                        # The code enclosed in this section is duplicated
+                        # above as a performance optimization.  Make sure
+                        # changes get made in both locations.
+
+                        pslice.slice = targ
+
+                        try:
+                            # Call the grammar rule with our special slice object
+                            self.state = state
+                            p.callable(pslice)
+                            symstack.append(sym)
+                            state = goto[statestack[-1]][pname]
+                            statestack.append(state)
+                        except SyntaxError:
+                            # If an error was set. Enter error recovery state
+                            lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)    # Save the current lookahead token
+                            statestack.pop()                    # Pop back one state (before the reduce)
+                            state = statestack[-1]
+                            sym.type = 'error'
+                            sym.value = 'error'
+                            lookahead = sym
+                            errorcount = error_count
+                            self.errorok = False
+
+                        continue
+                        # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+                if t == 0:
+                    n = symstack[-1]
+                    result = getattr(n, 'value', None)
+                    return result
+
+            if t is None:
+
+
+                # We have some kind of parsing error here.  To handle
+                # this, we are going to push the current token onto
+                # the tokenstack and replace it with an 'error' token.
+                # If there are any synchronization rules, they may
+                # catch it.
+                #
+                # In addition to pushing the error token, we call call
+                # the user defined p_error() function if this is the
+                # first syntax error.  This function is only called if
+                # errorcount == 0.
+                if errorcount == 0 or self.errorok:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+                    self.errorok = False
+                    errtoken = lookahead
+                    if errtoken.type == '$end':
+                        errtoken = None               # End of file!
+                    if self.errorfunc:
+                        if errtoken and not hasattr(errtoken, 'lexer'):
+                            errtoken.lexer = lexer
+                        self.state = state
+                        tok = call_errorfunc(self.errorfunc, errtoken, self)
+                        if self.errorok:
+                            # User must have done some kind of panic
+                            # mode recovery on their own.  The
+                            # returned token is the next lookahead
+                            lookahead = tok
+                            errtoken = None
+                            continue
+                    else:
+                        if errtoken:
+                            if hasattr(errtoken, 'lineno'):
+                                lineno = lookahead.lineno
+                            else:
+                                lineno = 0
+                            if lineno:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error at line %d, token=%s\n' % (lineno, errtoken.type))
+                            else:
+                                sys.stderr.write('yacc: Syntax error, token=%s' % errtoken.type)
+                        else:
+                            sys.stderr.write('yacc: Parse error in input. EOF\n')
+                            return
+
+                else:
+                    errorcount = error_count
+
+                # case 1:  the statestack only has 1 entry on it.  If we're in this state, the
+                # entire parse has been rolled back and we're completely hosed.   The token is
+                # discarded and we just keep going.
+
+                if len(statestack) <= 1 and lookahead.type != '$end':
+                    lookahead = None
+                    errtoken = None
+                    state = 0
+                    # Nuke the pushback stack
+                    del lookaheadstack[:]
+                    continue
+
+                # case 2: the statestack has a couple of entries on it, but we're
+                # at the end of the file. nuke the top entry and generate an error token
+
+                # Start nuking entries on the stack
+                if lookahead.type == '$end':
+                    # Whoa. We're really hosed here. Bail out
+                    return
+
+                if lookahead.type != 'error':
+                    sym = symstack[-1]
+                    if sym.type == 'error':
+                        # Hmmm. Error is on top of stack, we'll just nuke input
+                        # symbol and continue
+                        lookahead = None
+                        continue
+
+                    # Create the error symbol for the first time and make it the new lookahead symbol
+                    t = YaccSymbol()
+                    t.type = 'error'
+
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lineno'):
+                        t.lineno = t.endlineno = lookahead.lineno
+                    if hasattr(lookahead, 'lexpos'):
+                        t.lexpos = t.endlexpos = lookahead.lexpos
+                    t.value = lookahead
+                    lookaheadstack.append(lookahead)
+                    lookahead = t
+                else:
+                    sym = symstack.pop()
+                    statestack.pop()
+                    state = statestack[-1]
+
+                continue
+
+            # Call an error function here
+            raise RuntimeError('yacc: internal parser error!!!\n')
+
+        #--! parseopt-notrack-end
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                          === Grammar Representation ===
+#
+# The following functions, classes, and variables are used to represent and
+# manipulate the rules that make up a grammar.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# regex matching identifiers
+_is_identifier = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$')
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# class Production:
+#
+# This class stores the raw information about a single production or grammar rule.
+# A grammar rule refers to a specification such as this:
+#
+#       expr : expr PLUS term
+#
+# Here are the basic attributes defined on all productions
+#
+#       name     - Name of the production.  For example 'expr'
+#       prod     - A list of symbols on the right side ['expr','PLUS','term']
+#       prec     - Production precedence level
+#       number   - Production number.
+#       func     - Function that executes on reduce
+#       file     - File where production function is defined
+#       lineno   - Line number where production function is defined
+#
+# The following attributes are defined or optional.
+#
+#       len       - Length of the production (number of symbols on right hand side)
+#       usyms     - Set of unique symbols found in the production
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Production(object):
+    reduced = 0
+    def __init__(self, number, name, prod, precedence=('right', 0), func=None, file='', line=0):
+        self.name     = name
+        self.prod     = tuple(prod)
+        self.number   = number
+        self.func     = func
+        self.callable = None
+        self.file     = file
+        self.line     = line
+        self.prec     = precedence
+
+        # Internal settings used during table construction
+
+        self.len  = len(self.prod)   # Length of the production
+
+        # Create a list of unique production symbols used in the production
+        self.usyms = []
+        for s in self.prod:
+            if s not in self.usyms:
+                self.usyms.append(s)
+
+        # List of all LR items for the production
+        self.lr_items = []
+        self.lr_next = None
+
+        # Create a string representation
+        if self.prod:
+            self.str = '%s -> %s' % (self.name, ' '.join(self.prod))
+        else:
+            self.str = '%s -> <empty>' % self.name
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.str
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Production(' + str(self) + ')'
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.prod)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return 1
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self.prod[index]
+
+    # Return the nth lr_item from the production (or None if at the end)
+    def lr_item(self, n):
+        if n > len(self.prod):
+            return None
+        p = LRItem(self, n)
+        # Precompute the list of productions immediately following.
+        try:
+            p.lr_after = Prodnames[p.prod[n+1]]
+        except (IndexError, KeyError):
+            p.lr_after = []
+        try:
+            p.lr_before = p.prod[n-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            p.lr_before = None
+        return p
+
+    # Bind the production function name to a callable
+    def bind(self, pdict):
+        if self.func:
+            self.callable = pdict[self.func]
+
+# This class serves as a minimal standin for Production objects when
+# reading table data from files.   It only contains information
+# actually used by the LR parsing engine, plus some additional
+# debugging information.
+class MiniProduction(object):
+    def __init__(self, str, name, len, func, file, line):
+        self.name     = name
+        self.len      = len
+        self.func     = func
+        self.callable = None
+        self.file     = file
+        self.line     = line
+        self.str      = str
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.str
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'MiniProduction(%s)' % self.str
+
+    # Bind the production function name to a callable
+    def bind(self, pdict):
+        if self.func:
+            self.callable = pdict[self.func]
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# class LRItem
+#
+# This class represents a specific stage of parsing a production rule.  For
+# example:
+#
+#       expr : expr . PLUS term
+#
+# In the above, the "." represents the current location of the parse.  Here
+# basic attributes:
+#
+#       name       - Name of the production.  For example 'expr'
+#       prod       - A list of symbols on the right side ['expr','.', 'PLUS','term']
+#       number     - Production number.
+#
+#       lr_next      Next LR item. Example, if we are ' expr -> expr . PLUS term'
+#                    then lr_next refers to 'expr -> expr PLUS . term'
+#       lr_index   - LR item index (location of the ".") in the prod list.
+#       lookaheads - LALR lookahead symbols for this item
+#       len        - Length of the production (number of symbols on right hand side)
+#       lr_after    - List of all productions that immediately follow
+#       lr_before   - Grammar symbol immediately before
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LRItem(object):
+    def __init__(self, p, n):
+        self.name       = p.name
+        self.prod       = list(p.prod)
+        self.number     = p.number
+        self.lr_index   = n
+        self.lookaheads = {}
+        self.prod.insert(n, '.')
+        self.prod       = tuple(self.prod)
+        self.len        = len(self.prod)
+        self.usyms      = p.usyms
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.prod:
+            s = '%s -> %s' % (self.name, ' '.join(self.prod))
+        else:
+            s = '%s -> <empty>' % self.name
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'LRItem(' + str(self) + ')'
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# rightmost_terminal()
+#
+# Return the rightmost terminal from a list of symbols.  Used in add_production()
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def rightmost_terminal(symbols, terminals):
+    i = len(symbols) - 1
+    while i >= 0:
+        if symbols[i] in terminals:
+            return symbols[i]
+        i -= 1
+    return None
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                           === GRAMMAR CLASS ===
+#
+# The following class represents the contents of the specified grammar along
+# with various computed properties such as first sets, follow sets, LR items, etc.
+# This data is used for critical parts of the table generation process later.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class GrammarError(YaccError):
+    pass
+
+class Grammar(object):
+    def __init__(self, terminals):
+        self.Productions  = [None]  # A list of all of the productions.  The first
+                                    # entry is always reserved for the purpose of
+                                    # building an augmented grammar
+
+        self.Prodnames    = {}      # A dictionary mapping the names of nonterminals to a list of all
+                                    # productions of that nonterminal.
+
+        self.Prodmap      = {}      # A dictionary that is only used to detect duplicate
+                                    # productions.
+
+        self.Terminals    = {}      # A dictionary mapping the names of terminal symbols to a
+                                    # list of the rules where they are used.
+
+        for term in terminals:
+            self.Terminals[term] = []
+
+        self.Terminals['error'] = []
+
+        self.Nonterminals = {}      # A dictionary mapping names of nonterminals to a list
+                                    # of rule numbers where they are used.
+
+        self.First        = {}      # A dictionary of precomputed FIRST(x) symbols
+
+        self.Follow       = {}      # A dictionary of precomputed FOLLOW(x) symbols
+
+        self.Precedence   = {}      # Precedence rules for each terminal. Contains tuples of the
+                                    # form ('right',level) or ('nonassoc', level) or ('left',level)
+
+        self.UsedPrecedence = set() # Precedence rules that were actually used by the grammer.
+                                    # This is only used to provide error checking and to generate
+                                    # a warning about unused precedence rules.
+
+        self.Start = None           # Starting symbol for the grammar
+
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.Productions)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self.Productions[index]
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # set_precedence()
+    #
+    # Sets the precedence for a given terminal. assoc is the associativity such as
+    # 'left','right', or 'nonassoc'.  level is a numeric level.
+    #
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def set_precedence(self, term, assoc, level):
+        assert self.Productions == [None], 'Must call set_precedence() before add_production()'
+        if term in self.Precedence:
+            raise GrammarError('Precedence already specified for terminal %r' % term)
+        if assoc not in ['left', 'right', 'nonassoc']:
+            raise GrammarError("Associativity must be one of 'left','right', or 'nonassoc'")
+        self.Precedence[term] = (assoc, level)
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # add_production()
+    #
+    # Given an action function, this function assembles a production rule and
+    # computes its precedence level.
+    #
+    # The production rule is supplied as a list of symbols.   For example,
+    # a rule such as 'expr : expr PLUS term' has a production name of 'expr' and
+    # symbols ['expr','PLUS','term'].
+    #
+    # Precedence is determined by the precedence of the right-most non-terminal
+    # or the precedence of a terminal specified by %prec.
+    #
+    # A variety of error checks are performed to make sure production symbols
+    # are valid and that %prec is used correctly.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def add_production(self, prodname, syms, func=None, file='', line=0):
+
+        if prodname in self.Terminals:
+            raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Illegal rule name %r. Already defined as a token' % (file, line, prodname))
+        if prodname == 'error':
+            raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Illegal rule name %r. error is a reserved word' % (file, line, prodname))
+        if not _is_identifier.match(prodname):
+            raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Illegal rule name %r' % (file, line, prodname))
+
+        # Look for literal tokens
+        for n, s in enumerate(syms):
+            if s[0] in "'\"":
+                try:
+                    c = eval(s)
+                    if (len(c) > 1):
+                        raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Literal token %s in rule %r may only be a single character' %
+                                           (file, line, s, prodname))
+                    if c not in self.Terminals:
+                        self.Terminals[c] = []
+                    syms[n] = c
+                    continue
+                except SyntaxError:
+                    pass
+            if not _is_identifier.match(s) and s != '%prec':
+                raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Illegal name %r in rule %r' % (file, line, s, prodname))
+
+        # Determine the precedence level
+        if '%prec' in syms:
+            if syms[-1] == '%prec':
+                raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Syntax error. Nothing follows %%prec' % (file, line))
+            if syms[-2] != '%prec':
+                raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Syntax error. %%prec can only appear at the end of a grammar rule' %
+                                   (file, line))
+            precname = syms[-1]
+            prodprec = self.Precedence.get(precname)
+            if not prodprec:
+                raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Nothing known about the precedence of %r' % (file, line, precname))
+            else:
+                self.UsedPrecedence.add(precname)
+            del syms[-2:]     # Drop %prec from the rule
+        else:
+            # If no %prec, precedence is determined by the rightmost terminal symbol
+            precname = rightmost_terminal(syms, self.Terminals)
+            prodprec = self.Precedence.get(precname, ('right', 0))
+
+        # See if the rule is already in the rulemap
+        map = '%s -> %s' % (prodname, syms)
+        if map in self.Prodmap:
+            m = self.Prodmap[map]
+            raise GrammarError('%s:%d: Duplicate rule %s. ' % (file, line, m) +
+                               'Previous definition at %s:%d' % (m.file, m.line))
+
+        # From this point on, everything is valid.  Create a new Production instance
+        pnumber  = len(self.Productions)
+        if prodname not in self.Nonterminals:
+            self.Nonterminals[prodname] = []
+
+        # Add the production number to Terminals and Nonterminals
+        for t in syms:
+            if t in self.Terminals:
+                self.Terminals[t].append(pnumber)
+            else:
+                if t not in self.Nonterminals:
+                    self.Nonterminals[t] = []
+                self.Nonterminals[t].append(pnumber)
+
+        # Create a production and add it to the list of productions
+        p = Production(pnumber, prodname, syms, prodprec, func, file, line)
+        self.Productions.append(p)
+        self.Prodmap[map] = p
+
+        # Add to the global productions list
+        try:
+            self.Prodnames[prodname].append(p)
+        except KeyError:
+            self.Prodnames[prodname] = [p]
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # set_start()
+    #
+    # Sets the starting symbol and creates the augmented grammar.  Production
+    # rule 0 is S' -> start where start is the start symbol.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def set_start(self, start=None):
+        if not start:
+            start = self.Productions[1].name
+        if start not in self.Nonterminals:
+            raise GrammarError('start symbol %s undefined' % start)
+        self.Productions[0] = Production(0, "S'", [start])
+        self.Nonterminals[start].append(0)
+        self.Start = start
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # find_unreachable()
+    #
+    # Find all of the nonterminal symbols that can't be reached from the starting
+    # symbol.  Returns a list of nonterminals that can't be reached.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def find_unreachable(self):
+
+        # Mark all symbols that are reachable from a symbol s
+        def mark_reachable_from(s):
+            if s in reachable:
+                return
+            reachable.add(s)
+            for p in self.Prodnames.get(s, []):
+                for r in p.prod:
+                    mark_reachable_from(r)
+
+        reachable = set()
+        mark_reachable_from(self.Productions[0].prod[0])
+        return [s for s in self.Nonterminals if s not in reachable]
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # infinite_cycles()
+    #
+    # This function looks at the various parsing rules and tries to detect
+    # infinite recursion cycles (grammar rules where there is no possible way
+    # to derive a string of only terminals).
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def infinite_cycles(self):
+        terminates = {}
+
+        # Terminals:
+        for t in self.Terminals:
+            terminates[t] = True
+
+        terminates['$end'] = True
+
+        # Nonterminals:
+
+        # Initialize to false:
+        for n in self.Nonterminals:
+            terminates[n] = False
+
+        # Then propagate termination until no change:
+        while True:
+            some_change = False
+            for (n, pl) in self.Prodnames.items():
+                # Nonterminal n terminates iff any of its productions terminates.
+                for p in pl:
+                    # Production p terminates iff all of its rhs symbols terminate.
+                    for s in p.prod:
+                        if not terminates[s]:
+                            # The symbol s does not terminate,
+                            # so production p does not terminate.
+                            p_terminates = False
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        # didn't break from the loop,
+                        # so every symbol s terminates
+                        # so production p terminates.
+                        p_terminates = True
+
+                    if p_terminates:
+                        # symbol n terminates!
+                        if not terminates[n]:
+                            terminates[n] = True
+                            some_change = True
+                        # Don't need to consider any more productions for this n.
+                        break
+
+            if not some_change:
+                break
+
+        infinite = []
+        for (s, term) in terminates.items():
+            if not term:
+                if s not in self.Prodnames and s not in self.Terminals and s != 'error':
+                    # s is used-but-not-defined, and we've already warned of that,
+                    # so it would be overkill to say that it's also non-terminating.
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    infinite.append(s)
+
+        return infinite
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # undefined_symbols()
+    #
+    # Find all symbols that were used the grammar, but not defined as tokens or
+    # grammar rules.  Returns a list of tuples (sym, prod) where sym in the symbol
+    # and prod is the production where the symbol was used.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def undefined_symbols(self):
+        result = []
+        for p in self.Productions:
+            if not p:
+                continue
+
+            for s in p.prod:
+                if s not in self.Prodnames and s not in self.Terminals and s != 'error':
+                    result.append((s, p))
+        return result
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # unused_terminals()
+    #
+    # Find all terminals that were defined, but not used by the grammar.  Returns
+    # a list of all symbols.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def unused_terminals(self):
+        unused_tok = []
+        for s, v in self.Terminals.items():
+            if s != 'error' and not v:
+                unused_tok.append(s)
+
+        return unused_tok
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # unused_rules()
+    #
+    # Find all grammar rules that were defined,  but not used (maybe not reachable)
+    # Returns a list of productions.
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def unused_rules(self):
+        unused_prod = []
+        for s, v in self.Nonterminals.items():
+            if not v:
+                p = self.Prodnames[s][0]
+                unused_prod.append(p)
+        return unused_prod
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # unused_precedence()
+    #
+    # Returns a list of tuples (term,precedence) corresponding to precedence
+    # rules that were never used by the grammar.  term is the name of the terminal
+    # on which precedence was applied and precedence is a string such as 'left' or
+    # 'right' corresponding to the type of precedence.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def unused_precedence(self):
+        unused = []
+        for termname in self.Precedence:
+            if not (termname in self.Terminals or termname in self.UsedPrecedence):
+                unused.append((termname, self.Precedence[termname][0]))
+
+        return unused
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # _first()
+    #
+    # Compute the value of FIRST1(beta) where beta is a tuple of symbols.
+    #
+    # During execution of compute_first1, the result may be incomplete.
+    # Afterward (e.g., when called from compute_follow()), it will be complete.
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def _first(self, beta):
+
+        # We are computing First(x1,x2,x3,...,xn)
+        result = []
+        for x in beta:
+            x_produces_empty = False
+
+            # Add all the non-<empty> symbols of First[x] to the result.
+            for f in self.First[x]:
+                if f == '<empty>':
+                    x_produces_empty = True
+                else:
+                    if f not in result:
+                        result.append(f)
+
+            if x_produces_empty:
+                # We have to consider the next x in beta,
+                # i.e. stay in the loop.
+                pass
+            else:
+                # We don't have to consider any further symbols in beta.
+                break
+        else:
+            # There was no 'break' from the loop,
+            # so x_produces_empty was true for all x in beta,
+            # so beta produces empty as well.
+            result.append('<empty>')
+
+        return result
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_first()
+    #
+    # Compute the value of FIRST1(X) for all symbols
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def compute_first(self):
+        if self.First:
+            return self.First
+
+        # Terminals:
+        for t in self.Terminals:
+            self.First[t] = [t]
+
+        self.First['$end'] = ['$end']
+
+        # Nonterminals:
+
+        # Initialize to the empty set:
+        for n in self.Nonterminals:
+            self.First[n] = []
+
+        # Then propagate symbols until no change:
+        while True:
+            some_change = False
+            for n in self.Nonterminals:
+                for p in self.Prodnames[n]:
+                    for f in self._first(p.prod):
+                        if f not in self.First[n]:
+                            self.First[n].append(f)
+                            some_change = True
+            if not some_change:
+                break
+
+        return self.First
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_follow()
+    #
+    # Computes all of the follow sets for every non-terminal symbol.  The
+    # follow set is the set of all symbols that might follow a given
+    # non-terminal.  See the Dragon book, 2nd Ed. p. 189.
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def compute_follow(self, start=None):
+        # If already computed, return the result
+        if self.Follow:
+            return self.Follow
+
+        # If first sets not computed yet, do that first.
+        if not self.First:
+            self.compute_first()
+
+        # Add '$end' to the follow list of the start symbol
+        for k in self.Nonterminals:
+            self.Follow[k] = []
+
+        if not start:
+            start = self.Productions[1].name
+
+        self.Follow[start] = ['$end']
+
+        while True:
+            didadd = False
+            for p in self.Productions[1:]:
+                # Here is the production set
+                for i, B in enumerate(p.prod):
+                    if B in self.Nonterminals:
+                        # Okay. We got a non-terminal in a production
+                        fst = self._first(p.prod[i+1:])
+                        hasempty = False
+                        for f in fst:
+                            if f != '<empty>' and f not in self.Follow[B]:
+                                self.Follow[B].append(f)
+                                didadd = True
+                            if f == '<empty>':
+                                hasempty = True
+                        if hasempty or i == (len(p.prod)-1):
+                            # Add elements of follow(a) to follow(b)
+                            for f in self.Follow[p.name]:
+                                if f not in self.Follow[B]:
+                                    self.Follow[B].append(f)
+                                    didadd = True
+            if not didadd:
+                break
+        return self.Follow
+
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # build_lritems()
+    #
+    # This function walks the list of productions and builds a complete set of the
+    # LR items.  The LR items are stored in two ways:  First, they are uniquely
+    # numbered and placed in the list _lritems.  Second, a linked list of LR items
+    # is built for each production.  For example:
+    #
+    #   E -> E PLUS E
+    #
+    # Creates the list
+    #
+    #  [E -> . E PLUS E, E -> E . PLUS E, E -> E PLUS . E, E -> E PLUS E . ]
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def build_lritems(self):
+        for p in self.Productions:
+            lastlri = p
+            i = 0
+            lr_items = []
+            while True:
+                if i > len(p):
+                    lri = None
+                else:
+                    lri = LRItem(p, i)
+                    # Precompute the list of productions immediately following
+                    try:
+                        lri.lr_after = self.Prodnames[lri.prod[i+1]]
+                    except (IndexError, KeyError):
+                        lri.lr_after = []
+                    try:
+                        lri.lr_before = lri.prod[i-1]
+                    except IndexError:
+                        lri.lr_before = None
+
+                lastlri.lr_next = lri
+                if not lri:
+                    break
+                lr_items.append(lri)
+                lastlri = lri
+                i += 1
+            p.lr_items = lr_items
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                            == Class LRTable ==
+#
+# This basic class represents a basic table of LR parsing information.
+# Methods for generating the tables are not defined here.  They are defined
+# in the derived class LRGeneratedTable.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class VersionError(YaccError):
+    pass
+
+class LRTable(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lr_action = None
+        self.lr_goto = None
+        self.lr_productions = None
+        self.lr_method = None
+
+    def read_table(self, module):
+        if isinstance(module, types.ModuleType):
+            parsetab = module
+        else:
+            exec('import %s' % module)
+            parsetab = sys.modules[module]
+
+        if parsetab._tabversion != __tabversion__:
+            raise VersionError('yacc table file version is out of date')
+
+        self.lr_action = parsetab._lr_action
+        self.lr_goto = parsetab._lr_goto
+
+        self.lr_productions = []
+        for p in parsetab._lr_productions:
+            self.lr_productions.append(MiniProduction(*p))
+
+        self.lr_method = parsetab._lr_method
+        return parsetab._lr_signature
+
+    def read_pickle(self, filename):
+        try:
+            import cPickle as pickle
+        except ImportError:
+            import pickle
+
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):
+          raise ImportError
+
+        in_f = open(filename, 'rb')
+
+        tabversion = pickle.load(in_f)
+        if tabversion != __tabversion__:
+            raise VersionError('yacc table file version is out of date')
+        self.lr_method = pickle.load(in_f)
+        signature      = pickle.load(in_f)
+        self.lr_action = pickle.load(in_f)
+        self.lr_goto   = pickle.load(in_f)
+        productions    = pickle.load(in_f)
+
+        self.lr_productions = []
+        for p in productions:
+            self.lr_productions.append(MiniProduction(*p))
+
+        in_f.close()
+        return signature
+
+    # Bind all production function names to callable objects in pdict
+    def bind_callables(self, pdict):
+        for p in self.lr_productions:
+            p.bind(pdict)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                           === LR Generator ===
+#
+# The following classes and functions are used to generate LR parsing tables on
+# a grammar.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# digraph()
+# traverse()
+#
+# The following two functions are used to compute set valued functions
+# of the form:
+#
+#     F(x) = F'(x) U U{F(y) | x R y}
+#
+# This is used to compute the values of Read() sets as well as FOLLOW sets
+# in LALR(1) generation.
+#
+# Inputs:  X    - An input set
+#          R    - A relation
+#          FP   - Set-valued function
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def digraph(X, R, FP):
+    N = {}
+    for x in X:
+        N[x] = 0
+    stack = []
+    F = {}
+    for x in X:
+        if N[x] == 0:
+            traverse(x, N, stack, F, X, R, FP)
+    return F
+
+def traverse(x, N, stack, F, X, R, FP):
+    stack.append(x)
+    d = len(stack)
+    N[x] = d
+    F[x] = FP(x)             # F(X) <- F'(x)
+
+    rel = R(x)               # Get y's related to x
+    for y in rel:
+        if N[y] == 0:
+            traverse(y, N, stack, F, X, R, FP)
+        N[x] = min(N[x], N[y])
+        for a in F.get(y, []):
+            if a not in F[x]:
+                F[x].append(a)
+    if N[x] == d:
+        N[stack[-1]] = MAXINT
+        F[stack[-1]] = F[x]
+        element = stack.pop()
+        while element != x:
+            N[stack[-1]] = MAXINT
+            F[stack[-1]] = F[x]
+            element = stack.pop()
+
+class LALRError(YaccError):
+    pass
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                             == LRGeneratedTable ==
+#
+# This class implements the LR table generation algorithm.  There are no
+# public methods except for write()
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LRGeneratedTable(LRTable):
+    def __init__(self, grammar, method='LALR', log=None):
+        if method not in ['SLR', 'LALR']:
+            raise LALRError('Unsupported method %s' % method)
+
+        self.grammar = grammar
+        self.lr_method = method
+
+        # Set up the logger
+        if not log:
+            log = NullLogger()
+        self.log = log
+
+        # Internal attributes
+        self.lr_action     = {}        # Action table
+        self.lr_goto       = {}        # Goto table
+        self.lr_productions  = grammar.Productions    # Copy of grammar Production array
+        self.lr_goto_cache = {}        # Cache of computed gotos
+        self.lr0_cidhash   = {}        # Cache of closures
+
+        self._add_count    = 0         # Internal counter used to detect cycles
+
+        # Diagonistic information filled in by the table generator
+        self.sr_conflict   = 0
+        self.rr_conflict   = 0
+        self.conflicts     = []        # List of conflicts
+
+        self.sr_conflicts  = []
+        self.rr_conflicts  = []
+
+        # Build the tables
+        self.grammar.build_lritems()
+        self.grammar.compute_first()
+        self.grammar.compute_follow()
+        self.lr_parse_table()
+
+    # Compute the LR(0) closure operation on I, where I is a set of LR(0) items.
+
+    def lr0_closure(self, I):
+        self._add_count += 1
+
+        # Add everything in I to J
+        J = I[:]
+        didadd = True
+        while didadd:
+            didadd = False
+            for j in J:
+                for x in j.lr_after:
+                    if getattr(x, 'lr0_added', 0) == self._add_count:
+                        continue
+                    # Add B --> .G to J
+                    J.append(x.lr_next)
+                    x.lr0_added = self._add_count
+                    didadd = True
+
+        return J
+
+    # Compute the LR(0) goto function goto(I,X) where I is a set
+    # of LR(0) items and X is a grammar symbol.   This function is written
+    # in a way that guarantees uniqueness of the generated goto sets
+    # (i.e. the same goto set will never be returned as two different Python
+    # objects).  With uniqueness, we can later do fast set comparisons using
+    # id(obj) instead of element-wise comparison.
+
+    def lr0_goto(self, I, x):
+        # First we look for a previously cached entry
+        g = self.lr_goto_cache.get((id(I), x))
+        if g:
+            return g
+
+        # Now we generate the goto set in a way that guarantees uniqueness
+        # of the result
+
+        s = self.lr_goto_cache.get(x)
+        if not s:
+            s = {}
+            self.lr_goto_cache[x] = s
+
+        gs = []
+        for p in I:
+            n = p.lr_next
+            if n and n.lr_before == x:
+                s1 = s.get(id(n))
+                if not s1:
+                    s1 = {}
+                    s[id(n)] = s1
+                gs.append(n)
+                s = s1
+        g = s.get('$end')
+        if not g:
+            if gs:
+                g = self.lr0_closure(gs)
+                s['$end'] = g
+            else:
+                s['$end'] = gs
+        self.lr_goto_cache[(id(I), x)] = g
+        return g
+
+    # Compute the LR(0) sets of item function
+    def lr0_items(self):
+        C = [self.lr0_closure([self.grammar.Productions[0].lr_next])]
+        i = 0
+        for I in C:
+            self.lr0_cidhash[id(I)] = i
+            i += 1
+
+        # Loop over the items in C and each grammar symbols
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(C):
+            I = C[i]
+            i += 1
+
+            # Collect all of the symbols that could possibly be in the goto(I,X) sets
+            asyms = {}
+            for ii in I:
+                for s in ii.usyms:
+                    asyms[s] = None
+
+            for x in asyms:
+                g = self.lr0_goto(I, x)
+                if not g or id(g) in self.lr0_cidhash:
+                    continue
+                self.lr0_cidhash[id(g)] = len(C)
+                C.append(g)
+
+        return C
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    #                       ==== LALR(1) Parsing ====
+    #
+    # LALR(1) parsing is almost exactly the same as SLR except that instead of
+    # relying upon Follow() sets when performing reductions, a more selective
+    # lookahead set that incorporates the state of the LR(0) machine is utilized.
+    # Thus, we mainly just have to focus on calculating the lookahead sets.
+    #
+    # The method used here is due to DeRemer and Pennelo (1982).
+    #
+    # DeRemer, F. L., and T. J. Pennelo: "Efficient Computation of LALR(1)
+    #     Lookahead Sets", ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems,
+    #     Vol. 4, No. 4, Oct. 1982, pp. 615-649
+    #
+    # Further details can also be found in:
+    #
+    #  J. Tremblay and P. Sorenson, "The Theory and Practice of Compiler Writing",
+    #      McGraw-Hill Book Company, (1985).
+    #
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_nullable_nonterminals()
+    #
+    # Creates a dictionary containing all of the non-terminals that might produce
+    # an empty production.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def compute_nullable_nonterminals(self):
+        nullable = set()
+        num_nullable = 0
+        while True:
+            for p in self.grammar.Productions[1:]:
+                if p.len == 0:
+                    nullable.add(p.name)
+                    continue
+                for t in p.prod:
+                    if t not in nullable:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    nullable.add(p.name)
+            if len(nullable) == num_nullable:
+                break
+            num_nullable = len(nullable)
+        return nullable
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # find_nonterminal_trans(C)
+    #
+    # Given a set of LR(0) items, this functions finds all of the non-terminal
+    # transitions.    These are transitions in which a dot appears immediately before
+    # a non-terminal.   Returns a list of tuples of the form (state,N) where state
+    # is the state number and N is the nonterminal symbol.
+    #
+    # The input C is the set of LR(0) items.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def find_nonterminal_transitions(self, C):
+        trans = []
+        for stateno, state in enumerate(C):
+            for p in state:
+                if p.lr_index < p.len - 1:
+                    t = (stateno, p.prod[p.lr_index+1])
+                    if t[1] in self.grammar.Nonterminals:
+                        if t not in trans:
+                            trans.append(t)
+        return trans
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # dr_relation()
+    #
+    # Computes the DR(p,A) relationships for non-terminal transitions.  The input
+    # is a tuple (state,N) where state is a number and N is a nonterminal symbol.
+    #
+    # Returns a list of terminals.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def dr_relation(self, C, trans, nullable):
+        dr_set = {}
+        state, N = trans
+        terms = []
+
+        g = self.lr0_goto(C[state], N)
+        for p in g:
+            if p.lr_index < p.len - 1:
+                a = p.prod[p.lr_index+1]
+                if a in self.grammar.Terminals:
+                    if a not in terms:
+                        terms.append(a)
+
+        # This extra bit is to handle the start state
+        if state == 0 and N == self.grammar.Productions[0].prod[0]:
+            terms.append('$end')
+
+        return terms
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # reads_relation()
+    #
+    # Computes the READS() relation (p,A) READS (t,C).
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def reads_relation(self, C, trans, empty):
+        # Look for empty transitions
+        rel = []
+        state, N = trans
+
+        g = self.lr0_goto(C[state], N)
+        j = self.lr0_cidhash.get(id(g), -1)
+        for p in g:
+            if p.lr_index < p.len - 1:
+                a = p.prod[p.lr_index + 1]
+                if a in empty:
+                    rel.append((j, a))
+
+        return rel
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_lookback_includes()
+    #
+    # Determines the lookback and includes relations
+    #
+    # LOOKBACK:
+    #
+    # This relation is determined by running the LR(0) state machine forward.
+    # For example, starting with a production "N : . A B C", we run it forward
+    # to obtain "N : A B C ."   We then build a relationship between this final
+    # state and the starting state.   These relationships are stored in a dictionary
+    # lookdict.
+    #
+    # INCLUDES:
+    #
+    # Computes the INCLUDE() relation (p,A) INCLUDES (p',B).
+    #
+    # This relation is used to determine non-terminal transitions that occur
+    # inside of other non-terminal transition states.   (p,A) INCLUDES (p', B)
+    # if the following holds:
+    #
+    #       B -> LAT, where T -> epsilon and p' -L-> p
+    #
+    # L is essentially a prefix (which may be empty), T is a suffix that must be
+    # able to derive an empty string.  State p' must lead to state p with the string L.
+    #
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def compute_lookback_includes(self, C, trans, nullable):
+        lookdict = {}          # Dictionary of lookback relations
+        includedict = {}       # Dictionary of include relations
+
+        # Make a dictionary of non-terminal transitions
+        dtrans = {}
+        for t in trans:
+            dtrans[t] = 1
+
+        # Loop over all transitions and compute lookbacks and includes
+        for state, N in trans:
+            lookb = []
+            includes = []
+            for p in C[state]:
+                if p.name != N:
+                    continue
+
+                # Okay, we have a name match.  We now follow the production all the way
+                # through the state machine until we get the . on the right hand side
+
+                lr_index = p.lr_index
+                j = state
+                while lr_index < p.len - 1:
+                    lr_index = lr_index + 1
+                    t = p.prod[lr_index]
+
+                    # Check to see if this symbol and state are a non-terminal transition
+                    if (j, t) in dtrans:
+                        # Yes.  Okay, there is some chance that this is an includes relation
+                        # the only way to know for certain is whether the rest of the
+                        # production derives empty
+
+                        li = lr_index + 1
+                        while li < p.len:
+                            if p.prod[li] in self.grammar.Terminals:
+                                break      # No forget it
+                            if p.prod[li] not in nullable:
+                                break
+                            li = li + 1
+                        else:
+                            # Appears to be a relation between (j,t) and (state,N)
+                            includes.append((j, t))
+
+                    g = self.lr0_goto(C[j], t)               # Go to next set
+                    j = self.lr0_cidhash.get(id(g), -1)      # Go to next state
+
+                # When we get here, j is the final state, now we have to locate the production
+                for r in C[j]:
+                    if r.name != p.name:
+                        continue
+                    if r.len != p.len:
+                        continue
+                    i = 0
+                    # This look is comparing a production ". A B C" with "A B C ."
+                    while i < r.lr_index:
+                        if r.prod[i] != p.prod[i+1]:
+                            break
+                        i = i + 1
+                    else:
+                        lookb.append((j, r))
+            for i in includes:
+                if i not in includedict:
+                    includedict[i] = []
+                includedict[i].append((state, N))
+            lookdict[(state, N)] = lookb
+
+        return lookdict, includedict
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_read_sets()
+    #
+    # Given a set of LR(0) items, this function computes the read sets.
+    #
+    # Inputs:  C        =  Set of LR(0) items
+    #          ntrans   = Set of nonterminal transitions
+    #          nullable = Set of empty transitions
+    #
+    # Returns a set containing the read sets
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def compute_read_sets(self, C, ntrans, nullable):
+        FP = lambda x: self.dr_relation(C, x, nullable)
+        R =  lambda x: self.reads_relation(C, x, nullable)
+        F = digraph(ntrans, R, FP)
+        return F
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # compute_follow_sets()
+    #
+    # Given a set of LR(0) items, a set of non-terminal transitions, a readset,
+    # and an include set, this function computes the follow sets
+    #
+    # Follow(p,A) = Read(p,A) U U {Follow(p',B) | (p,A) INCLUDES (p',B)}
+    #
+    # Inputs:
+    #            ntrans     = Set of nonterminal transitions
+    #            readsets   = Readset (previously computed)
+    #            inclsets   = Include sets (previously computed)
+    #
+    # Returns a set containing the follow sets
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def compute_follow_sets(self, ntrans, readsets, inclsets):
+        FP = lambda x: readsets[x]
+        R  = lambda x: inclsets.get(x, [])
+        F = digraph(ntrans, R, FP)
+        return F
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # add_lookaheads()
+    #
+    # Attaches the lookahead symbols to grammar rules.
+    #
+    # Inputs:    lookbacks         -  Set of lookback relations
+    #            followset         -  Computed follow set
+    #
+    # This function directly attaches the lookaheads to productions contained
+    # in the lookbacks set
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def add_lookaheads(self, lookbacks, followset):
+        for trans, lb in lookbacks.items():
+            # Loop over productions in lookback
+            for state, p in lb:
+                if state not in p.lookaheads:
+                    p.lookaheads[state] = []
+                f = followset.get(trans, [])
+                for a in f:
+                    if a not in p.lookaheads[state]:
+                        p.lookaheads[state].append(a)
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # add_lalr_lookaheads()
+    #
+    # This function does all of the work of adding lookahead information for use
+    # with LALR parsing
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def add_lalr_lookaheads(self, C):
+        # Determine all of the nullable nonterminals
+        nullable = self.compute_nullable_nonterminals()
+
+        # Find all non-terminal transitions
+        trans = self.find_nonterminal_transitions(C)
+
+        # Compute read sets
+        readsets = self.compute_read_sets(C, trans, nullable)
+
+        # Compute lookback/includes relations
+        lookd, included = self.compute_lookback_includes(C, trans, nullable)
+
+        # Compute LALR FOLLOW sets
+        followsets = self.compute_follow_sets(trans, readsets, included)
+
+        # Add all of the lookaheads
+        self.add_lookaheads(lookd, followsets)
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # lr_parse_table()
+    #
+    # This function constructs the parse tables for SLR or LALR
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def lr_parse_table(self):
+        Productions = self.grammar.Productions
+        Precedence  = self.grammar.Precedence
+        goto   = self.lr_goto         # Goto array
+        action = self.lr_action       # Action array
+        log    = self.log             # Logger for output
+
+        actionp = {}                  # Action production array (temporary)
+
+        log.info('Parsing method: %s', self.lr_method)
+
+        # Step 1: Construct C = { I0, I1, ... IN}, collection of LR(0) items
+        # This determines the number of states
+
+        C = self.lr0_items()
+
+        if self.lr_method == 'LALR':
+            self.add_lalr_lookaheads(C)
+
+        # Build the parser table, state by state
+        st = 0
+        for I in C:
+            # Loop over each production in I
+            actlist = []              # List of actions
+            st_action  = {}
+            st_actionp = {}
+            st_goto    = {}
+            log.info('')
+            log.info('state %d', st)
+            log.info('')
+            for p in I:
+                log.info('    (%d) %s', p.number, p)
+            log.info('')
+
+            for p in I:
+                    if p.len == p.lr_index + 1:
+                        if p.name == "S'":
+                            # Start symbol. Accept!
+                            st_action['$end'] = 0
+                            st_actionp['$end'] = p
+                        else:
+                            # We are at the end of a production.  Reduce!
+                            if self.lr_method == 'LALR':
+                                laheads = p.lookaheads[st]
+                            else:
+                                laheads = self.grammar.Follow[p.name]
+                            for a in laheads:
+                                actlist.append((a, p, 'reduce using rule %d (%s)' % (p.number, p)))
+                                r = st_action.get(a)
+                                if r is not None:
+                                    # Whoa. Have a shift/reduce or reduce/reduce conflict
+                                    if r > 0:
+                                        # Need to decide on shift or reduce here
+                                        # By default we favor shifting. Need to add
+                                        # some precedence rules here.
+
+                                        # Shift precedence comes from the token
+                                        sprec, slevel = Precedence.get(a, ('right', 0))
+
+                                        # Reduce precedence comes from rule being reduced (p)
+                                        rprec, rlevel = Productions[p.number].prec
+
+                                        if (slevel < rlevel) or ((slevel == rlevel) and (rprec == 'left')):
+                                            # We really need to reduce here.
+                                            st_action[a] = -p.number
+                                            st_actionp[a] = p
+                                            if not slevel and not rlevel:
+                                                log.info('  ! shift/reduce conflict for %s resolved as reduce', a)
+                                                self.sr_conflicts.append((st, a, 'reduce'))
+                                            Productions[p.number].reduced += 1
+                                        elif (slevel == rlevel) and (rprec == 'nonassoc'):
+                                            st_action[a] = None
+                                        else:
+                                            # Hmmm. Guess we'll keep the shift
+                                            if not rlevel:
+                                                log.info('  ! shift/reduce conflict for %s resolved as shift', a)
+                                                self.sr_conflicts.append((st, a, 'shift'))
+                                    elif r < 0:
+                                        # Reduce/reduce conflict.   In this case, we favor the rule
+                                        # that was defined first in the grammar file
+                                        oldp = Productions[-r]
+                                        pp = Productions[p.number]
+                                        if oldp.line > pp.line:
+                                            st_action[a] = -p.number
+                                            st_actionp[a] = p
+                                            chosenp, rejectp = pp, oldp
+                                            Productions[p.number].reduced += 1
+                                            Productions[oldp.number].reduced -= 1
+                                        else:
+                                            chosenp, rejectp = oldp, pp
+                                        self.rr_conflicts.append((st, chosenp, rejectp))
+                                        log.info('  ! reduce/reduce conflict for %s resolved using rule %d (%s)',
+                                                 a, st_actionp[a].number, st_actionp[a])
+                                    else:
+                                        raise LALRError('Unknown conflict in state %d' % st)
+                                else:
+                                    st_action[a] = -p.number
+                                    st_actionp[a] = p
+                                    Productions[p.number].reduced += 1
+                    else:
+                        i = p.lr_index
+                        a = p.prod[i+1]       # Get symbol right after the "."
+                        if a in self.grammar.Terminals:
+                            g = self.lr0_goto(I, a)
+                            j = self.lr0_cidhash.get(id(g), -1)
+                            if j >= 0:
+                                # We are in a shift state
+                                actlist.append((a, p, 'shift and go to state %d' % j))
+                                r = st_action.get(a)
+                                if r is not None:
+                                    # Whoa have a shift/reduce or shift/shift conflict
+                                    if r > 0:
+                                        if r != j:
+                                            raise LALRError('Shift/shift conflict in state %d' % st)
+                                    elif r < 0:
+                                        # Do a precedence check.
+                                        #   -  if precedence of reduce rule is higher, we reduce.
+                                        #   -  if precedence of reduce is same and left assoc, we reduce.
+                                        #   -  otherwise we shift
+
+                                        # Shift precedence comes from the token
+                                        sprec, slevel = Precedence.get(a, ('right', 0))
+
+                                        # Reduce precedence comes from the rule that could have been reduced
+                                        rprec, rlevel = Productions[st_actionp[a].number].prec
+
+                                        if (slevel > rlevel) or ((slevel == rlevel) and (rprec == 'right')):
+                                            # We decide to shift here... highest precedence to shift
+                                            Productions[st_actionp[a].number].reduced -= 1
+                                            st_action[a] = j
+                                            st_actionp[a] = p
+                                            if not rlevel:
+                                                log.info('  ! shift/reduce conflict for %s resolved as shift', a)
+                                                self.sr_conflicts.append((st, a, 'shift'))
+                                        elif (slevel == rlevel) and (rprec == 'nonassoc'):
+                                            st_action[a] = None
+                                        else:
+                                            # Hmmm. Guess we'll keep the reduce
+                                            if not slevel and not rlevel:
+                                                log.info('  ! shift/reduce conflict for %s resolved as reduce', a)
+                                                self.sr_conflicts.append((st, a, 'reduce'))
+
+                                    else:
+                                        raise LALRError('Unknown conflict in state %d' % st)
+                                else:
+                                    st_action[a] = j
+                                    st_actionp[a] = p
+
+            # Print the actions associated with each terminal
+            _actprint = {}
+            for a, p, m in actlist:
+                if a in st_action:
+                    if p is st_actionp[a]:
+                        log.info('    %-15s %s', a, m)
+                        _actprint[(a, m)] = 1
+            log.info('')
+            # Print the actions that were not used. (debugging)
+            not_used = 0
+            for a, p, m in actlist:
+                if a in st_action:
+                    if p is not st_actionp[a]:
+                        if not (a, m) in _actprint:
+                            log.debug('  ! %-15s [ %s ]', a, m)
+                            not_used = 1
+                            _actprint[(a, m)] = 1
+            if not_used:
+                log.debug('')
+
+            # Construct the goto table for this state
+
+            nkeys = {}
+            for ii in I:
+                for s in ii.usyms:
+                    if s in self.grammar.Nonterminals:
+                        nkeys[s] = None
+            for n in nkeys:
+                g = self.lr0_goto(I, n)
+                j = self.lr0_cidhash.get(id(g), -1)
+                if j >= 0:
+                    st_goto[n] = j
+                    log.info('    %-30s shift and go to state %d', n, j)
+
+            action[st] = st_action
+            actionp[st] = st_actionp
+            goto[st] = st_goto
+            st += 1
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # write()
+    #
+    # This function writes the LR parsing tables to a file
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def write_table(self, tabmodule, outputdir='', signature=''):
+        if isinstance(tabmodule, types.ModuleType):
+            raise IOError("Won't overwrite existing tabmodule")
+
+        basemodulename = tabmodule.split('.')[-1]
+        filename = os.path.join(outputdir, basemodulename) + '.py'
+        try:
+            f = open(filename, 'w')
+
+            f.write('''
+# %s
+# This file is automatically generated. Do not edit.
+_tabversion = %r
+
+_lr_method = %r
+
+_lr_signature = %r
+    ''' % (os.path.basename(filename), __tabversion__, self.lr_method, signature))
+
+            # Change smaller to 0 to go back to original tables
+            smaller = 1
+
+            # Factor out names to try and make smaller
+            if smaller:
+                items = {}
+
+                for s, nd in self.lr_action.items():
+                    for name, v in nd.items():
+                        i = items.get(name)
+                        if not i:
+                            i = ([], [])
+                            items[name] = i
+                        i[0].append(s)
+                        i[1].append(v)
+
+                f.write('\n_lr_action_items = {')
+                for k, v in items.items():
+                    f.write('%r:([' % k)
+                    for i in v[0]:
+                        f.write('%r,' % i)
+                    f.write('],[')
+                    for i in v[1]:
+                        f.write('%r,' % i)
+
+                    f.write(']),')
+                f.write('}\n')
+
+                f.write('''
+_lr_action = {}
+for _k, _v in _lr_action_items.items():
+   for _x,_y in zip(_v[0],_v[1]):
+      if not _x in _lr_action:  _lr_action[_x] = {}
+      _lr_action[_x][_k] = _y
+del _lr_action_items
+''')
+
+            else:
+                f.write('\n_lr_action = { ')
+                for k, v in self.lr_action.items():
+                    f.write('(%r,%r):%r,' % (k[0], k[1], v))
+                f.write('}\n')
+
+            if smaller:
+                # Factor out names to try and make smaller
+                items = {}
+
+                for s, nd in self.lr_goto.items():
+                    for name, v in nd.items():
+                        i = items.get(name)
+                        if not i:
+                            i = ([], [])
+                            items[name] = i
+                        i[0].append(s)
+                        i[1].append(v)
+
+                f.write('\n_lr_goto_items = {')
+                for k, v in items.items():
+                    f.write('%r:([' % k)
+                    for i in v[0]:
+                        f.write('%r,' % i)
+                    f.write('],[')
+                    for i in v[1]:
+                        f.write('%r,' % i)
+
+                    f.write(']),')
+                f.write('}\n')
+
+                f.write('''
+_lr_goto = {}
+for _k, _v in _lr_goto_items.items():
+   for _x, _y in zip(_v[0], _v[1]):
+       if not _x in _lr_goto: _lr_goto[_x] = {}
+       _lr_goto[_x][_k] = _y
+del _lr_goto_items
+''')
+            else:
+                f.write('\n_lr_goto = { ')
+                for k, v in self.lr_goto.items():
+                    f.write('(%r,%r):%r,' % (k[0], k[1], v))
+                f.write('}\n')
+
+            # Write production table
+            f.write('_lr_productions = [\n')
+            for p in self.lr_productions:
+                if p.func:
+                    f.write('  (%r,%r,%d,%r,%r,%d),\n' % (p.str, p.name, p.len,
+                                                          p.func, os.path.basename(p.file), p.line))
+                else:
+                    f.write('  (%r,%r,%d,None,None,None),\n' % (str(p), p.name, p.len))
+            f.write(']\n')
+            f.close()
+
+        except IOError as e:
+            raise
+
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # pickle_table()
+    #
+    # This function pickles the LR parsing tables to a supplied file object
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def pickle_table(self, filename, signature=''):
+        try:
+            import cPickle as pickle
+        except ImportError:
+            import pickle
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as outf:
+            pickle.dump(__tabversion__, outf, pickle_protocol)
+            pickle.dump(self.lr_method, outf, pickle_protocol)
+            pickle.dump(signature, outf, pickle_protocol)
+            pickle.dump(self.lr_action, outf, pickle_protocol)
+            pickle.dump(self.lr_goto, outf, pickle_protocol)
+
+            outp = []
+            for p in self.lr_productions:
+                if p.func:
+                    outp.append((p.str, p.name, p.len, p.func, os.path.basename(p.file), p.line))
+                else:
+                    outp.append((str(p), p.name, p.len, None, None, None))
+            pickle.dump(outp, outf, pickle_protocol)
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#                            === INTROSPECTION ===
+#
+# The following functions and classes are used to implement the PLY
+# introspection features followed by the yacc() function itself.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_caller_module_dict()
+#
+# This function returns a dictionary containing all of the symbols defined within
+# a caller further down the call stack.  This is used to get the environment
+# associated with the yacc() call if none was provided.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def get_caller_module_dict(levels):
+    f = sys._getframe(levels)
+    ldict = f.f_globals.copy()
+    if f.f_globals != f.f_locals:
+        ldict.update(f.f_locals)
+    return ldict
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# parse_grammar()
+#
+# This takes a raw grammar rule string and parses it into production data
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def parse_grammar(doc, file, line):
+    grammar = []
+    # Split the doc string into lines
+    pstrings = doc.splitlines()
+    lastp = None
+    dline = line
+    for ps in pstrings:
+        dline += 1
+        p = ps.split()
+        if not p:
+            continue
+        try:
+            if p[0] == '|':
+                # This is a continuation of a previous rule
+                if not lastp:
+                    raise SyntaxError("%s:%d: Misplaced '|'" % (file, dline))
+                prodname = lastp
+                syms = p[1:]
+            else:
+                prodname = p[0]
+                lastp = prodname
+                syms   = p[2:]
+                assign = p[1]
+                if assign != ':' and assign != '::=':
+                    raise SyntaxError("%s:%d: Syntax error. Expected ':'" % (file, dline))
+
+            grammar.append((file, dline, prodname, syms))
+        except SyntaxError:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            raise SyntaxError('%s:%d: Syntax error in rule %r' % (file, dline, ps.strip()))
+
+    return grammar
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ParserReflect()
+#
+# This class represents information extracted for building a parser including
+# start symbol, error function, tokens, precedence list, action functions,
+# etc.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ParserReflect(object):
+    def __init__(self, pdict, log=None):
+        self.pdict      = pdict
+        self.start      = None
+        self.error_func = None
+        self.tokens     = None
+        self.modules    = set()
+        self.grammar    = []
+        self.error      = False
+
+        if log is None:
+            self.log = PlyLogger(sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            self.log = log
+
+    # Get all of the basic information
+    def get_all(self):
+        self.get_start()
+        self.get_error_func()
+        self.get_tokens()
+        self.get_precedence()
+        self.get_pfunctions()
+
+    # Validate all of the information
+    def validate_all(self):
+        self.validate_start()
+        self.validate_error_func()
+        self.validate_tokens()
+        self.validate_precedence()
+        self.validate_pfunctions()
+        self.validate_modules()
+        return self.error
+
+    # Compute a signature over the grammar
+    def signature(self):
+        parts = []
+        try:
+            if self.start:
+                parts.append(self.start)
+            if self.prec:
+                parts.append(''.join([''.join(p) for p in self.prec]))
+            if self.tokens:
+                parts.append(' '.join(self.tokens))
+            for f in self.pfuncs:
+                if f[3]:
+                    parts.append(f[3])
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+        return ''.join(parts)
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # validate_modules()
+    #
+    # This method checks to see if there are duplicated p_rulename() functions
+    # in the parser module file.  Without this function, it is really easy for
+    # users to make mistakes by cutting and pasting code fragments (and it's a real
+    # bugger to try and figure out why the resulting parser doesn't work).  Therefore,
+    # we just do a little regular expression pattern matching of def statements
+    # to try and detect duplicates.
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def validate_modules(self):
+        # Match def p_funcname(
+        fre = re.compile(r'\s*def\s+(p_[a-zA-Z_0-9]*)\(')
+
+        for module in self.modules:
+            try:
+                lines, linen = inspect.getsourcelines(module)
+            except IOError:
+                continue
+
+            counthash = {}
+            for linen, line in enumerate(lines):
+                linen += 1
+                m = fre.match(line)
+                if m:
+                    name = m.group(1)
+                    prev = counthash.get(name)
+                    if not prev:
+                        counthash[name] = linen
+                    else:
+                        filename = inspect.getsourcefile(module)
+                        self.log.warning('%s:%d: Function %s redefined. Previously defined on line %d',
+                                         filename, linen, name, prev)
+
+    # Get the start symbol
+    def get_start(self):
+        self.start = self.pdict.get('start')
+
+    # Validate the start symbol
+    def validate_start(self):
+        if self.start is not None:
+            if not isinstance(self.start, string_types):
+                self.log.error("'start' must be a string")
+
+    # Look for error handler
+    def get_error_func(self):
+        self.error_func = self.pdict.get('p_error')
+
+    # Validate the error function
+    def validate_error_func(self):
+        if self.error_func:
+            if isinstance(self.error_func, types.FunctionType):
+                ismethod = 0
+            elif isinstance(self.error_func, types.MethodType):
+                ismethod = 1
+            else:
+                self.log.error("'p_error' defined, but is not a function or method")
+                self.error = True
+                return
+
+            eline = self.error_func.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            efile = self.error_func.__code__.co_filename
+            module = inspect.getmodule(self.error_func)
+            self.modules.add(module)
+
+            argcount = self.error_func.__code__.co_argcount - ismethod
+            if argcount != 1:
+                self.log.error('%s:%d: p_error() requires 1 argument', efile, eline)
+                self.error = True
+
+    # Get the tokens map
+    def get_tokens(self):
+        tokens = self.pdict.get('tokens')
+        if not tokens:
+            self.log.error('No token list is defined')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(tokens, (list, tuple)):
+            self.log.error('tokens must be a list or tuple')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        if not tokens:
+            self.log.error('tokens is empty')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        self.tokens = tokens
+
+    # Validate the tokens
+    def validate_tokens(self):
+        # Validate the tokens.
+        if 'error' in self.tokens:
+            self.log.error("Illegal token name 'error'. Is a reserved word")
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        terminals = set()
+        for n in self.tokens:
+            if n in terminals:
+                self.log.warning('Token %r multiply defined', n)
+            terminals.add(n)
+
+    # Get the precedence map (if any)
+    def get_precedence(self):
+        self.prec = self.pdict.get('precedence')
+
+    # Validate and parse the precedence map
+    def validate_precedence(self):
+        preclist = []
+        if self.prec:
+            if not isinstance(self.prec, (list, tuple)):
+                self.log.error('precedence must be a list or tuple')
+                self.error = True
+                return
+            for level, p in enumerate(self.prec):
+                if not isinstance(p, (list, tuple)):
+                    self.log.error('Bad precedence table')
+                    self.error = True
+                    return
+
+                if len(p) < 2:
+                    self.log.error('Malformed precedence entry %s. Must be (assoc, term, ..., term)', p)
+                    self.error = True
+                    return
+                assoc = p[0]
+                if not isinstance(assoc, string_types):
+                    self.log.error('precedence associativity must be a string')
+                    self.error = True
+                    return
+                for term in p[1:]:
+                    if not isinstance(term, string_types):
+                        self.log.error('precedence items must be strings')
+                        self.error = True
+                        return
+                    preclist.append((term, assoc, level+1))
+        self.preclist = preclist
+
+    # Get all p_functions from the grammar
+    def get_pfunctions(self):
+        p_functions = []
+        for name, item in self.pdict.items():
+            if not name.startswith('p_') or name == 'p_error':
+                continue
+            if isinstance(item, (types.FunctionType, types.MethodType)):
+                line = getattr(item, 'co_firstlineno', item.__code__.co_firstlineno)
+                module = inspect.getmodule(item)
+                p_functions.append((line, module, name, item.__doc__))
+
+        # Sort all of the actions by line number; make sure to stringify
+        # modules to make them sortable, since `line` may not uniquely sort all
+        # p functions
+        p_functions.sort(key=lambda p_function: (
+            p_function[0],
+            str(p_function[1]),
+            p_function[2],
+            p_function[3]))
+        self.pfuncs = p_functions
+
+    # Validate all of the p_functions
+    def validate_pfunctions(self):
+        grammar = []
+        # Check for non-empty symbols
+        if len(self.pfuncs) == 0:
+            self.log.error('no rules of the form p_rulename are defined')
+            self.error = True
+            return
+
+        for line, module, name, doc in self.pfuncs:
+            file = inspect.getsourcefile(module)
+            func = self.pdict[name]
+            if isinstance(func, types.MethodType):
+                reqargs = 2
+            else:
+                reqargs = 1
+            if func.__code__.co_argcount > reqargs:
+                self.log.error('%s:%d: Rule %r has too many arguments', file, line, func.__name__)
+                self.error = True
+            elif func.__code__.co_argcount < reqargs:
+                self.log.error('%s:%d: Rule %r requires an argument', file, line, func.__name__)
+                self.error = True
+            elif not func.__doc__:
+                self.log.warning('%s:%d: No documentation string specified in function %r (ignored)',
+                                 file, line, func.__name__)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    parsed_g = parse_grammar(doc, file, line)
+                    for g in parsed_g:
+                        grammar.append((name, g))
+                except SyntaxError as e:
+                    self.log.error(str(e))
+                    self.error = True
+
+                # Looks like a valid grammar rule
+                # Mark the file in which defined.
+                self.modules.add(module)
+
+        # Secondary validation step that looks for p_ definitions that are not functions
+        # or functions that look like they might be grammar rules.
+
+        for n, v in self.pdict.items():
+            if n.startswith('p_') and isinstance(v, (types.FunctionType, types.MethodType)):
+                continue
+            if n.startswith('t_'):
+                continue
+            if n.startswith('p_') and n != 'p_error':
+                self.log.warning('%r not defined as a function', n)
+            if ((isinstance(v, types.FunctionType) and v.__code__.co_argcount == 1) or
+                   (isinstance(v, types.MethodType) and v.__func__.__code__.co_argcount == 2)):
+                if v.__doc__:
+                    try:
+                        doc = v.__doc__.split(' ')
+                        if doc[1] == ':':
+                            self.log.warning('%s:%d: Possible grammar rule %r defined without p_ prefix',
+                                             v.__code__.co_filename, v.__code__.co_firstlineno, n)
+                    except IndexError:
+                        pass
+
+        self.grammar = grammar
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# yacc(module)
+#
+# Build a parser
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def yacc(method='LALR', debug=yaccdebug, module=None, tabmodule=tab_module, start=None,
+         check_recursion=True, optimize=False, write_tables=True, debugfile=debug_file,
+         outputdir=None, debuglog=None, errorlog=None, picklefile=None):
+
+    if tabmodule is None:
+        tabmodule = tab_module
+
+    # Reference to the parsing method of the last built parser
+    global parse
+
+    # If pickling is enabled, table files are not created
+    if picklefile:
+        write_tables = 0
+
+    if errorlog is None:
+        errorlog = PlyLogger(sys.stderr)
+
+    # Get the module dictionary used for the parser
+    if module:
+        _items = [(k, getattr(module, k)) for k in dir(module)]
+        pdict = dict(_items)
+        # If no __file__ attribute is available, try to obtain it from the __module__ instead
+        if '__file__' not in pdict:
+            pdict['__file__'] = sys.modules[pdict['__module__']].__file__
+    else:
+        pdict = get_caller_module_dict(2)
+
+    if outputdir is None:
+        # If no output directory is set, the location of the output files
+        # is determined according to the following rules:
+        #     - If tabmodule specifies a package, files go into that package directory
+        #     - Otherwise, files go in the same directory as the specifying module
+        if isinstance(tabmodule, types.ModuleType):
+            srcfile = tabmodule.__file__
+        else:
+            if '.' not in tabmodule:
+                srcfile = pdict['__file__']
+            else:
+                parts = tabmodule.split('.')
+                pkgname = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
+                exec('import %s' % pkgname)
+                srcfile = getattr(sys.modules[pkgname], '__file__', '')
+        outputdir = os.path.dirname(srcfile)
+
+    # Determine if the module is package of a package or not.
+    # If so, fix the tabmodule setting so that tables load correctly
+    pkg = pdict.get('__package__')
+    if pkg and isinstance(tabmodule, str):
+        if '.' not in tabmodule:
+            tabmodule = pkg + '.' + tabmodule
+
+
+
+    # Set start symbol if it's specified directly using an argument
+    if start is not None:
+        pdict['start'] = start
+
+    # Collect parser information from the dictionary
+    pinfo = ParserReflect(pdict, log=errorlog)
+    pinfo.get_all()
+
+    if pinfo.error:
+        raise YaccError('Unable to build parser')
+
+    # Check signature against table files (if any)
+    signature = pinfo.signature()
+
+    # Read the tables
+    try:
+        lr = LRTable()
+        if picklefile:
+            read_signature = lr.read_pickle(picklefile)
+        else:
+            read_signature = lr.read_table(tabmodule)
+        if optimize or (read_signature == signature):
+            try:
+                lr.bind_callables(pinfo.pdict)
+                parser = LRParser(lr, pinfo.error_func)
+                parse = parser.parse
+                return parser
+            except Exception as e:
+                errorlog.warning('There was a problem loading the table file: %r', e)
+    except VersionError as e:
+        errorlog.warning(str(e))
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    if debuglog is None:
+        if debug:
+            try:
+                debuglog = PlyLogger(open(os.path.join(outputdir, debugfile), 'w'))
+            except IOError as e:
+                errorlog.warning("Couldn't open %r. %s" % (debugfile, e))
+                debuglog = NullLogger()
+        else:
+            debuglog = NullLogger()
+
+    debuglog.info('Created by PLY version %s (http://www.dabeaz.com/ply)', __version__)
+
+    errors = False
+
+    # Validate the parser information
+    if pinfo.validate_all():
+        raise YaccError('Unable to build parser')
+
+    if not pinfo.error_func:
+        errorlog.warning('no p_error() function is defined')
+
+    # Create a grammar object
+    grammar = Grammar(pinfo.tokens)
+
+    # Set precedence level for terminals
+    for term, assoc, level in pinfo.preclist:
+        try:
+            grammar.set_precedence(term, assoc, level)
+        except GrammarError as e:
+            errorlog.warning('%s', e)
+
+    # Add productions to the grammar
+    for funcname, gram in pinfo.grammar:
+        file, line, prodname, syms = gram
+        try:
+            grammar.add_production(prodname, syms, funcname, file, line)
+        except GrammarError as e:
+            errorlog.error('%s', e)
+            errors = True
+
+    # Set the grammar start symbols
+    try:
+        if start is None:
+            grammar.set_start(pinfo.start)
+        else:
+            grammar.set_start(start)
+    except GrammarError as e:
+        errorlog.error(str(e))
+        errors = True
+
+    if errors:
+        raise YaccError('Unable to build parser')
+
+    # Verify the grammar structure
+    undefined_symbols = grammar.undefined_symbols()
+    for sym, prod in undefined_symbols:
+        errorlog.error('%s:%d: Symbol %r used, but not defined as a token or a rule', prod.file, prod.line, sym)
+        errors = True
+
+    unused_terminals = grammar.unused_terminals()
+    if unused_terminals:
+        debuglog.info('')
+        debuglog.info('Unused terminals:')
+        debuglog.info('')
+        for term in unused_terminals:
+            errorlog.warning('Token %r defined, but not used', term)
+            debuglog.info('    %s', term)
+
+    # Print out all productions to the debug log
+    if debug:
+        debuglog.info('')
+        debuglog.info('Grammar')
+        debuglog.info('')
+        for n, p in enumerate(grammar.Productions):
+            debuglog.info('Rule %-5d %s', n, p)
+
+    # Find unused non-terminals
+    unused_rules = grammar.unused_rules()
+    for prod in unused_rules:
+        errorlog.warning('%s:%d: Rule %r defined, but not used', prod.file, prod.line, prod.name)
+
+    if len(unused_terminals) == 1:
+        errorlog.warning('There is 1 unused token')
+    if len(unused_terminals) > 1:
+        errorlog.warning('There are %d unused tokens', len(unused_terminals))
+
+    if len(unused_rules) == 1:
+        errorlog.warning('There is 1 unused rule')
+    if len(unused_rules) > 1:
+        errorlog.warning('There are %d unused rules', len(unused_rules))
+
+    if debug:
+        debuglog.info('')
+        debuglog.info('Terminals, with rules where they appear')
+        debuglog.info('')
+        terms = list(grammar.Terminals)
+        terms.sort()
+        for term in terms:
+            debuglog.info('%-20s : %s', term, ' '.join([str(s) for s in grammar.Terminals[term]]))
+
+        debuglog.info('')
+        debuglog.info('Nonterminals, with rules where they appear')
+        debuglog.info('')
+        nonterms = list(grammar.Nonterminals)
+        nonterms.sort()
+        for nonterm in nonterms:
+            debuglog.info('%-20s : %s', nonterm, ' '.join([str(s) for s in grammar.Nonterminals[nonterm]]))
+        debuglog.info('')
+
+    if check_recursion:
+        unreachable = grammar.find_unreachable()
+        for u in unreachable:
+            errorlog.warning('Symbol %r is unreachable', u)
+
+        infinite = grammar.infinite_cycles()
+        for inf in infinite:
+            errorlog.error('Infinite recursion detected for symbol %r', inf)
+            errors = True
+
+    unused_prec = grammar.unused_precedence()
+    for term, assoc in unused_prec:
+        errorlog.error('Precedence rule %r defined for unknown symbol %r', assoc, term)
+        errors = True
+
+    if errors:
+        raise YaccError('Unable to build parser')
+
+    # Run the LRGeneratedTable on the grammar
+    if debug:
+        errorlog.debug('Generating %s tables', method)
+
+    lr = LRGeneratedTable(grammar, method, debuglog)
+
+    if debug:
+        num_sr = len(lr.sr_conflicts)
+
+        # Report shift/reduce and reduce/reduce conflicts
+        if num_sr == 1:
+            errorlog.warning('1 shift/reduce conflict')
+        elif num_sr > 1:
+            errorlog.warning('%d shift/reduce conflicts', num_sr)
+
+        num_rr = len(lr.rr_conflicts)
+        if num_rr == 1:
+            errorlog.warning('1 reduce/reduce conflict')
+        elif num_rr > 1:
+            errorlog.warning('%d reduce/reduce conflicts', num_rr)
+
+    # Write out conflicts to the output file
+    if debug and (lr.sr_conflicts or lr.rr_conflicts):
+        debuglog.warning('')
+        debuglog.warning('Conflicts:')
+        debuglog.warning('')
+
+        for state, tok, resolution in lr.sr_conflicts:
+            debuglog.warning('shift/reduce conflict for %s in state %d resolved as %s',  tok, state, resolution)
+
+        already_reported = set()
+        for state, rule, rejected in lr.rr_conflicts:
+            if (state, id(rule), id(rejected)) in already_reported:
+                continue
+            debuglog.warning('reduce/reduce conflict in state %d resolved using rule (%s)', state, rule)
+            debuglog.warning('rejected rule (%s) in state %d', rejected, state)
+            errorlog.warning('reduce/reduce conflict in state %d resolved using rule (%s)', state, rule)
+            errorlog.warning('rejected rule (%s) in state %d', rejected, state)
+            already_reported.add((state, id(rule), id(rejected)))
+
+        warned_never = []
+        for state, rule, rejected in lr.rr_conflicts:
+            if not rejected.reduced and (rejected not in warned_never):
+                debuglog.warning('Rule (%s) is never reduced', rejected)
+                errorlog.warning('Rule (%s) is never reduced', rejected)
+                warned_never.append(rejected)
+
+    # Write the table file if requested
+    if write_tables:
+        try:
+            lr.write_table(tabmodule, outputdir, signature)
+        except IOError as e:
+            errorlog.warning("Couldn't create %r. %s" % (tabmodule, e))
+
+    # Write a pickled version of the tables
+    if picklefile:
+        try:
+            lr.pickle_table(picklefile, signature)
+        except IOError as e:
+            errorlog.warning("Couldn't create %r. %s" % (picklefile, e))
+
+    # Build the parser
+    lr.bind_callables(pinfo.pdict)
+    parser = LRParser(lr, pinfo.error_func)
+
+    parse = parser.parse
+    return parser
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ygen.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ygen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acf5ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/ply/ygen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# ply: ygen.py
+#
+# This is a support program that auto-generates different versions of the YACC parsing
+# function with different features removed for the purposes of performance.
+#
+# Users should edit the method LParser.parsedebug() in yacc.py.   The source code 
+# for that method is then used to create the other methods.   See the comments in
+# yacc.py for further details.
+
+import os.path
+import shutil
+
+def get_source_range(lines, tag):
+    srclines = enumerate(lines)
+    start_tag = '#--! %s-start' % tag
+    end_tag = '#--! %s-end' % tag
+
+    for start_index, line in srclines:
+        if line.strip().startswith(start_tag):
+            break
+
+    for end_index, line in srclines:
+        if line.strip().endswith(end_tag):
+            break
+
+    return (start_index + 1, end_index)
+
+def filter_section(lines, tag):
+    filtered_lines = []
+    include = True
+    tag_text = '#--! %s' % tag
+    for line in lines:
+        if line.strip().startswith(tag_text):
+            include = not include
+        elif include:
+            filtered_lines.append(line)
+    return filtered_lines
+
+def main():
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    shutil.copy2(os.path.join(dirname, 'yacc.py'), os.path.join(dirname, 'yacc.py.bak'))
+    with open(os.path.join(dirname, 'yacc.py'), 'r') as f:
+        lines = f.readlines()
+
+    parse_start, parse_end = get_source_range(lines, 'parsedebug')
+    parseopt_start, parseopt_end = get_source_range(lines, 'parseopt')
+    parseopt_notrack_start, parseopt_notrack_end = get_source_range(lines, 'parseopt-notrack')
+
+    # Get the original source
+    orig_lines = lines[parse_start:parse_end]
+
+    # Filter the DEBUG sections out
+    parseopt_lines = filter_section(orig_lines, 'DEBUG')
+
+    # Filter the TRACKING sections out
+    parseopt_notrack_lines = filter_section(parseopt_lines, 'TRACKING')
+
+    # Replace the parser source sections with updated versions
+    lines[parseopt_notrack_start:parseopt_notrack_end] = parseopt_notrack_lines
+    lines[parseopt_start:parseopt_end] = parseopt_lines
+
+    lines = [line.rstrip()+'\n' for line in lines]
+    with open(os.path.join(dirname, 'yacc.py'), 'w') as f:
+        f.writelines(lines)
+
+    print('Updated yacc.py')
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/plyparser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/plyparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f4c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/plyparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+# plyparser.py
+#
+# PLYParser class and other utilities for simplifying programming
+# parsers with PLY
+#
+# Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net/]
+# License: BSD
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import warnings
+
+class Coord(object):
+    """ Coordinates of a syntactic element. Consists of:
+            - File name
+            - Line number
+            - (optional) column number, for the Lexer
+    """
+    __slots__ = ('file', 'line', 'column', '__weakref__')
+    def __init__(self, file, line, column=None):
+        self.file = file
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        str = "%s:%s" % (self.file, self.line)
+        if self.column: str += ":%s" % self.column
+        return str
+
+
+class ParseError(Exception): pass
+
+
+class PLYParser(object):
+    def _create_opt_rule(self, rulename):
+        """ Given a rule name, creates an optional ply.yacc rule
+            for it. The name of the optional rule is
+            <rulename>_opt
+        """
+        optname = rulename + '_opt'
+
+        def optrule(self, p):
+            p[0] = p[1]
+
+        optrule.__doc__ = '%s : empty\n| %s' % (optname, rulename)
+        optrule.__name__ = 'p_%s' % optname
+        setattr(self.__class__, optrule.__name__, optrule)
+
+    def _coord(self, lineno, column=None):
+        return Coord(
+                file=self.clex.filename,
+                line=lineno,
+                column=column)
+
+    def _token_coord(self, p, token_idx):
+        """ Returns the coordinates for the YaccProduction object 'p' indexed
+            with 'token_idx'. The coordinate includes the 'lineno' and
+            'column'. Both follow the lex semantic, starting from 1.
+        """
+        last_cr = p.lexer.lexer.lexdata.rfind('\n', 0, p.lexpos(token_idx))
+        if last_cr < 0:
+            last_cr = -1
+        column = (p.lexpos(token_idx) - (last_cr))
+        return self._coord(p.lineno(token_idx), column)
+
+    def _parse_error(self, msg, coord):
+        raise ParseError("%s: %s" % (coord, msg))
+
+
+def parameterized(*params):
+    """ Decorator to create parameterized rules.
+
+    Parameterized rule methods must be named starting with 'p_' and contain
+    'xxx', and their docstrings may contain 'xxx' and 'yyy'. These will be
+    replaced by the given parameter tuples. For example, ``p_xxx_rule()`` with
+    docstring 'xxx_rule  : yyy' when decorated with
+    ``@parameterized(('id', 'ID'))`` produces ``p_id_rule()`` with the docstring
+    'id_rule  : ID'. Using multiple tuples produces multiple rules.
+    """
+    def decorate(rule_func):
+        rule_func._params = params
+        return rule_func
+    return decorate
+
+
+def template(cls):
+    """ Class decorator to generate rules from parameterized rule templates.
+
+    See `parameterized` for more information on parameterized rules.
+    """
+    issued_nodoc_warning = False
+    for attr_name in dir(cls):
+        if attr_name.startswith('p_'):
+            method = getattr(cls, attr_name)
+            if hasattr(method, '_params'):
+                # Remove the template method
+                delattr(cls, attr_name)
+                # Create parameterized rules from this method; only run this if
+                # the method has a docstring. This is to address an issue when
+                # pycparser's users are installed in -OO mode which strips
+                # docstrings away.
+                # See: https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/pull/198/ and
+                #      https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/issues/197
+                # for discussion.
+                if method.__doc__ is not None:
+                    _create_param_rules(cls, method)
+                elif not issued_nodoc_warning:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        'parsing methods must have __doc__ for pycparser to work properly',
+                        RuntimeWarning,
+                        stacklevel=2)
+                    issued_nodoc_warning = True
+    return cls
+
+
+def _create_param_rules(cls, func):
+    """ Create ply.yacc rules based on a parameterized rule function
+
+    Generates new methods (one per each pair of parameters) based on the
+    template rule function `func`, and attaches them to `cls`. The rule
+    function's parameters must be accessible via its `_params` attribute.
+    """
+    for xxx, yyy in func._params:
+        # Use the template method's body for each new method
+        def param_rule(self, p):
+            func(self, p)
+
+        # Substitute in the params for the grammar rule and function name
+        param_rule.__doc__ = func.__doc__.replace('xxx', xxx).replace('yyy', yyy)
+        param_rule.__name__ = func.__name__.replace('xxx', xxx)
+
+        # Attach the new method to the class
+        setattr(cls, param_rule.__name__, param_rule)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/yacctab.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/yacctab.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b1466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser/yacctab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+
+# yacctab.py
+# This file is automatically generated. Do not edit.
+_tabversion = '3.10'
+
+_lr_method = 'LALR'
+
+_lr_signature = 'translation_unit_or_emptyleftLORleftLANDleftORleftXORleftANDleftEQNEleftGTGELTLEleftRSHIFTLSHIFTleftPLUSMINUSleftTIMESDIVIDEMODAUTO BREAK CASE CHAR CONST CONTINUE DEFAULT DO DOUBLE ELSE ENUM EXTERN FLOAT FOR GOTO IF INLINE INT LONG REGISTER OFFSETOF RESTRICT RETURN SHORT SIGNED SIZEOF STATIC STRUCT SWITCH TYPEDEF UNION UNSIGNED VOID VOLATILE WHILE __INT128 _BOOL _COMPLEX _NORETURN _THREAD_LOCAL _STATIC_ASSERT _ATOMIC _ALIGNOF _ALIGNAS _PRAGMA ID TYPEID INT_CONST_DEC INT_CONST_OCT INT_CONST_HEX INT_CONST_BIN INT_CONST_CHAR FLOAT_CONST HEX_FLOAT_CONST CHAR_CONST WCHAR_CONST U8CHAR_CONST U16CHAR_CONST U32CHAR_CONST STRING_LITERAL WSTRING_LITERAL U8STRING_LITERAL U16STRING_LITERAL U32STRING_LITERAL PLUS MINUS TIMES DIVIDE MOD OR AND NOT XOR LSHIFT RSHIFT LOR LAND LNOT LT LE GT GE EQ NE EQUALS TIMESEQUAL DIVEQUAL MODEQUAL PLUSEQUAL MINUSEQUAL LSHIFTEQUAL RSHIFTEQUAL ANDEQUAL XOREQUAL OREQUAL PLUSPLUS MINUSMINUS ARROW CONDOP LPAREN RPAREN LBRACKET RBRACKET LBRACE RBRACE COMMA PERIOD SEMI COLON ELLIPSIS PPHASH PPPRAGMA PPPRAGMASTRabstract_declarator_opt : empty\n| abstract_declaratorassignment_expression_opt : empty\n| assignment_expressionblock_item_list_opt : empty\n| block_item_listdeclaration_list_opt : empty\n| declaration_listdeclaration_specifiers_no_type_opt : empty\n| declaration_specifiers_no_typedesignation_opt : empty\n| designationexpression_opt : empty\n| expressionid_init_declarator_list_opt : empty\n| id_init_declarator_listidentifier_list_opt : empty\n| identifier_listinit_declarator_list_opt : empty\n| init_declarator_listinitializer_list_opt : empty\n| initializer_listparameter_type_list_opt : empty\n| parameter_type_liststruct_declarator_list_opt : empty\n| struct_declarator_listtype_qualifier_list_opt : empty\n| type_qualifier_list direct_id_declarator   : ID\n         direct_id_declarator   : LPAREN id_declarator RPAREN\n         direct_id_declarator   : direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET\n         direct_id_declarator   : direct_id_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET\n                                    | direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET\n         direct_id_declarator   : direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET\n         direct_id_declarator   : direct_id_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN\n                                    | direct_id_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : TYPEID\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : LPAREN typeid_declarator RPAREN\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET\n                                    | direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_declarator   : direct_typeid_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN\n                                    | direct_typeid_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN\n         direct_typeid_noparen_declarator   : TYPEID\n         direct_typeid_noparen_declarator   : direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_noparen_declarator   : direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET\n                                    | direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_noparen_declarator   : direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET\n         direct_typeid_noparen_declarator   : direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN\n                                    | direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN\n         id_declarator  : direct_id_declarator\n         id_declarator  : pointer direct_id_declarator\n         typeid_declarator  : direct_typeid_declarator\n         typeid_declarator  : pointer direct_typeid_declarator\n         typeid_noparen_declarator  : direct_typeid_noparen_declarator\n         typeid_noparen_declarator  : pointer direct_typeid_noparen_declarator\n         translation_unit_or_empty   : translation_unit\n                                        | empty\n         translation_unit    : external_declaration\n         translation_unit    : translation_unit external_declaration\n         external_declaration    : function_definition\n         external_declaration    : declaration\n         external_declaration    : pp_directive\n                                    | pppragma_directive\n         external_declaration    : SEMI\n         external_declaration    : static_assert\n         static_assert           : _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression COMMA unified_string_literal RPAREN\n                                    | _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN\n         pp_directive  : PPHASH\n         pppragma_directive      : PPPRAGMA\n                                    | PPPRAGMA PPPRAGMASTR\n                                    | _PRAGMA LPAREN unified_string_literal RPAREN\n         pppragma_directive_list : pppragma_directive\n                                    | pppragma_directive_list pppragma_directive\n         function_definition : id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement\n         function_definition : declaration_specifiers id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement\n         statement   : labeled_statement\n                        | expression_statement\n                        | compound_statement\n                        | selection_statement\n                        | iteration_statement\n                        | jump_statement\n                        | pppragma_directive\n                        | static_assert\n         pragmacomp_or_statement     : pppragma_directive_list statement\n                                        | statement\n         decl_body : declaration_specifiers init_declarator_list_opt\n                      | declaration_specifiers_no_type id_init_declarator_list_opt\n         declaration : decl_body SEMI\n         declaration_list    : declaration\n                                | declaration_list declaration\n         declaration_specifiers_no_type  : type_qualifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt\n         declaration_specifiers_no_type  : storage_class_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt\n         declaration_specifiers_no_type  : function_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt\n         declaration_specifiers_no_type  : atomic_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt\n         declaration_specifiers_no_type  : alignment_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers type_qualifier\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers storage_class_specifier\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers function_specifier\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers type_specifier_no_typeid\n         declaration_specifiers  : type_specifier\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers_no_type type_specifier\n         declaration_specifiers  : declaration_specifiers alignment_specifier\n         storage_class_specifier : AUTO\n                                    | REGISTER\n                                    | STATIC\n                                    | EXTERN\n                                    | TYPEDEF\n                                    | _THREAD_LOCAL\n         function_specifier  : INLINE\n                                | _NORETURN\n         type_specifier_no_typeid  : VOID\n                                      | _BOOL\n                                      | CHAR\n                                      | SHORT\n                                      | INT\n                                      | LONG\n                                      | FLOAT\n                                      | DOUBLE\n                                      | _COMPLEX\n                                      | SIGNED\n                                      | UNSIGNED\n                                      | __INT128\n         type_specifier  : typedef_name\n                            | enum_specifier\n                            | struct_or_union_specifier\n                            | type_specifier_no_typeid\n                            | atomic_specifier\n         atomic_specifier  : _ATOMIC LPAREN type_name RPAREN\n         type_qualifier  : CONST\n                            | RESTRICT\n                            | VOLATILE\n                            | _ATOMIC\n         init_declarator_list    : init_declarator\n                                    | init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator\n         init_declarator : declarator\n                            | declarator EQUALS initializer\n         id_init_declarator_list    : id_init_declarator\n                                       | id_init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator\n         id_init_declarator : id_declarator\n                               | id_declarator EQUALS initializer\n         specifier_qualifier_list    : specifier_qualifier_list type_specifier_no_typeid\n         specifier_qualifier_list    : specifier_qualifier_list type_qualifier\n         specifier_qualifier_list  : type_specifier\n         specifier_qualifier_list  : type_qualifier_list type_specifier\n         specifier_qualifier_list  : alignment_specifier\n         specifier_qualifier_list  : specifier_qualifier_list alignment_specifier\n         struct_or_union_specifier   : struct_or_union ID\n                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID\n         struct_or_union_specifier : struct_or_union brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close\n                                      | struct_or_union brace_open brace_close\n         struct_or_union_specifier   : struct_or_union ID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close\n                                        | struct_or_union ID brace_open brace_close\n                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close\n                                        | struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open brace_close\n         struct_or_union : STRUCT\n                            | UNION\n         struct_declaration_list     : struct_declaration\n                                        | struct_declaration_list struct_declaration\n         struct_declaration : specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list_opt SEMI\n         struct_declaration : SEMI\n         struct_declaration : pppragma_directive\n         struct_declarator_list  : struct_declarator\n                                    | struct_declarator_list COMMA struct_declarator\n         struct_declarator : declarator\n         struct_declarator   : declarator COLON constant_expression\n                                | COLON constant_expression\n         enum_specifier  : ENUM ID\n                            | ENUM TYPEID\n         enum_specifier  : ENUM brace_open enumerator_list brace_close\n         enum_specifier  : ENUM ID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close\n                            | ENUM TYPEID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close\n         enumerator_list : enumerator\n                            | enumerator_list COMMA\n                            | enumerator_list COMMA enumerator\n         alignment_specifier  : _ALIGNAS LPAREN type_name RPAREN\n                                 | _ALIGNAS LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN\n         enumerator  : ID\n                        | ID EQUALS constant_expression\n         declarator  : id_declarator\n                        | typeid_declarator\n         pointer : TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt\n                    | TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt pointer\n         type_qualifier_list : type_qualifier\n                                | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier\n         parameter_type_list : parameter_list\n                                | parameter_list COMMA ELLIPSIS\n         parameter_list  : parameter_declaration\n                            | parameter_list COMMA parameter_declaration\n         parameter_declaration   : declaration_specifiers id_declarator\n                                    | declaration_specifiers typeid_noparen_declarator\n         parameter_declaration   : declaration_specifiers abstract_declarator_opt\n         identifier_list : identifier\n                            | identifier_list COMMA identifier\n         initializer : assignment_expression\n         initializer : brace_open initializer_list_opt brace_close\n                        | brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close\n         initializer_list    : designation_opt initializer\n                                | initializer_list COMMA designation_opt initializer\n         designation : designator_list EQUALS\n         designator_list : designator\n                            | designator_list designator\n         designator  : LBRACKET constant_expression RBRACKET\n                        | PERIOD identifier\n         type_name   : specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator_opt\n         abstract_declarator     : pointer\n         abstract_declarator     : pointer direct_abstract_declarator\n         abstract_declarator     : direct_abstract_declarator\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : LPAREN abstract_declarator RPAREN  direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : direct_abstract_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN\n         direct_abstract_declarator  : LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN\n         block_item  : declaration\n                        | statement\n         block_item_list : block_item\n                            | block_item_list block_item\n         compound_statement : brace_open block_item_list_opt brace_close  labeled_statement : ID COLON pragmacomp_or_statement  labeled_statement : CASE constant_expression COLON pragmacomp_or_statement  labeled_statement : DEFAULT COLON pragmacomp_or_statement  selection_statement : IF LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement  selection_statement : IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement ELSE pragmacomp_or_statement  selection_statement : SWITCH LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement  iteration_statement : WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement  iteration_statement : DO pragmacomp_or_statement WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN SEMI  iteration_statement : FOR LPAREN expression_opt SEMI expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement  iteration_statement : FOR LPAREN declaration expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement  jump_statement  : GOTO ID SEMI  jump_statement  : BREAK SEMI  jump_statement  : CONTINUE SEMI  jump_statement  : RETURN expression SEMI\n                            | RETURN SEMI\n         expression_statement : expression_opt SEMI  expression  : assignment_expression\n                        | expression COMMA assignment_expression\n         assignment_expression : LPAREN compound_statement RPAREN  typedef_name : TYPEID  assignment_expression   : conditional_expression\n                                    | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression\n         assignment_operator : EQUALS\n                                | XOREQUAL\n                                | TIMESEQUAL\n                                | DIVEQUAL\n                                | MODEQUAL\n                                | PLUSEQUAL\n                                | MINUSEQUAL\n                                | LSHIFTEQUAL\n                                | RSHIFTEQUAL\n                                | ANDEQUAL\n                                | OREQUAL\n         constant_expression : conditional_expression  conditional_expression  : binary_expression\n                                    | binary_expression CONDOP expression COLON conditional_expression\n         binary_expression   : cast_expression\n                                | binary_expression TIMES binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression DIVIDE binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression MOD binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression PLUS binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression MINUS binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression RSHIFT binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression LSHIFT binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression LT binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression LE binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression GE binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression GT binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression EQ binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression NE binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression AND binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression OR binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression XOR binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression LAND binary_expression\n                                | binary_expression LOR binary_expression\n         cast_expression : unary_expression  cast_expression : LPAREN type_name RPAREN cast_expression  unary_expression    : postfix_expression  unary_expression    : PLUSPLUS unary_expression\n                                | MINUSMINUS unary_expression\n                                | unary_operator cast_expression\n         unary_expression    : SIZEOF unary_expression\n                                | SIZEOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN\n                                | _ALIGNOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN\n         unary_operator  : AND\n                            | TIMES\n                            | PLUS\n                            | MINUS\n                            | NOT\n                            | LNOT\n         postfix_expression  : primary_expression  postfix_expression  : postfix_expression LBRACKET expression RBRACKET  postfix_expression  : postfix_expression LPAREN argument_expression_list RPAREN\n                                | postfix_expression LPAREN RPAREN\n         postfix_expression  : postfix_expression PERIOD ID\n                                | postfix_expression PERIOD TYPEID\n                                | postfix_expression ARROW ID\n                                | postfix_expression ARROW TYPEID\n         postfix_expression  : postfix_expression PLUSPLUS\n                                | postfix_expression MINUSMINUS\n         postfix_expression  : LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list brace_close\n                                | LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close\n         primary_expression  : identifier  primary_expression  : constant  primary_expression  : unified_string_literal\n                                | unified_wstring_literal\n         primary_expression  : LPAREN expression RPAREN  primary_expression  : OFFSETOF LPAREN type_name COMMA offsetof_member_designator RPAREN\n         offsetof_member_designator : identifier\n                                         | offsetof_member_designator PERIOD identifier\n                                         | offsetof_member_designator LBRACKET expression RBRACKET\n         argument_expression_list    : assignment_expression\n                                        | argument_expression_list COMMA assignment_expression\n         identifier  : ID  constant    : INT_CONST_DEC\n                        | INT_CONST_OCT\n                        | INT_CONST_HEX\n                        | INT_CONST_BIN\n                        | INT_CONST_CHAR\n         constant    : FLOAT_CONST\n                        | HEX_FLOAT_CONST\n         constant    : CHAR_CONST\n                        | WCHAR_CONST\n                        | U8CHAR_CONST\n                        | U16CHAR_CONST\n                        | U32CHAR_CONST\n         unified_string_literal  : STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | unified_string_literal STRING_LITERAL\n         unified_wstring_literal : WSTRING_LITERAL\n                                    | U8STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | U16STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | U32STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | unified_wstring_literal WSTRING_LITERAL\n                                    | unified_wstring_literal U8STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | unified_wstring_literal U16STRING_LITERAL\n                                    | unified_wstring_literal U32STRING_LITERAL\n         brace_open  :   LBRACE\n         brace_close :   RBRACE\n        empty : '
+    
+_lr_action_items = 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+
+_lr_action = {}
+for _k, _v in _lr_action_items.items():
+   for _x,_y in zip(_v[0],_v[1]):
+      if not _x in _lr_action:  _lr_action[_x] = {}
+      _lr_action[_x][_k] = _y
+del _lr_action_items
+
+_lr_goto_items = {'translation_unit_or_empty':([0,],[1,]),'translation_unit':([0,],[2,]),'empty':([0,11,12,21,22,23,26,27,30,34,69,70,71,73,95,96,101,128,136,137,182,183,192,209,216,221,242,256,257,258,322,323,351,358,360,369,372,448,449,455,457,458,470,482,487,498,510,511,525,526,527,529,559,562,570,572,582,584,],[3,66,83,99,99,99,107,99,114,99,83,107,99,66,114,188,99,220,114,188,307,114,320,343,320,357,357,392,307,114,453,114,453,357,357,357,357,114,188,307,307,453,357,357,533,533,307,114,357,357,357,357,357,533,357,357,357,357,]),'external_declaration':([0,2,],[4,64,]),'function_definition':([0,2,],[5,5,]),'declaration':([0,2,11,67,73,128,221,372,],[6,6,68,129,68,223,223,482,]),'pp_directive':([0,2,],[7,7,]),'pppragma_directive':([0,2,124,128,203,204,205,221,242,333,335,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[8,8,211,231,211,211,211,231,371,211,211,371,371,480,371,554,371,371,371,371,371,]),'static_assert':([0,2,128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[10,10,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232,]),'id_declarator':([0,2,12,17,26,69,70,82,134,192,194,209,322,466,],[11,11,73,93,111,130,111,93,130,315,130,130,93,130,]),'declaration_specifiers':([0,2,11,67,73,96,128,137,221,313,322,351,372,449,458,],[12,12,69,69,69,192,69,192,69,192,192,192,69,192,192,]),'decl_body':([0,2,11,67,73,128,221,372,],[13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,]),'direct_id_declarator':([0,2,12,17,20,26,69,70,80,82,134,192,194,209,318,322,452,466,],[19,19,19,19,97,19,19,19,97,19,19,19,19,19,97,19,97,19,]),'pointer':([0,2,12,17,26,69,70,82,113,134,192,194,209,216,322,351,466,],[20,20,80,20,20,80,20,80,196,80,318,80,80,352,452,352,80,]),'type_qualifier':([0,2,11,12,21,22,23,27,30,34,67,69,71,73,95,96,101,115,124,125,126,128,136,137,141,183,184,192,203,204,205,209,213,216,221,238,258,259,294,298,299,304,313,322,323,333,335,351,372,448,449,458,511,512,],[21,21,21,74,21,21,21,21,116,21,21,74,21,21,116,21,21,197,116,116,116,21,116,21,116,116,197,74,116,116,116,341,197,341,21,116,116,197,116,116,116,116,21,21,116,116,116,21,21,116,21,21,116,197,]),'storage_class_specifier':([0,2,11,12,21,22,23,27,34,67,69,71,73,96,101,128,137,192,221,313,322,351,372,449,458,],[22,22,22,75,22,22,22,22,22,22,75,22,22,22,22,22,22,75,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,]),'function_specifier':([0,2,11,12,21,22,23,27,34,67,69,71,73,96,101,128,137,192,221,313,322,351,372,449,458,],[23,23,23,76,23,23,23,23,23,23,76,23,23,23,23,23,23,76,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,]),'type_specifier_no_typeid':([0,2,11,12,26,67,69,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,192,193,203,204,205,209,213,216,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[24,24,24,77,24,24,77,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,77,24,24,24,24,340,24,340,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,]),'type_specifier':([0,2,11,26,67,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[25,25,25,104,25,104,25,25,212,212,212,25,25,212,104,212,212,212,348,25,212,212,212,212,212,25,25,212,212,25,25,25,25,]),'declaration_specifiers_no_type':([0,2,11,21,22,23,27,34,67,71,73,96,101,128,137,221,313,322,351,372,449,458,],[26,26,70,100,100,100,100,100,70,100,70,193,100,70,193,70,193,193,193,70,193,193,]),'alignment_specifier':([0,2,11,12,21,22,23,27,34,67,69,71,73,96,101,124,125,126,128,137,141,192,203,204,205,209,216,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[27,27,27,78,27,27,27,27,27,27,78,27,27,27,27,214,214,214,27,27,214,78,214,214,214,342,342,27,214,214,214,214,214,27,27,214,214,27,27,27,27,]),'typedef_name':([0,2,11,26,67,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,31,]),'enum_specifier':([0,2,11,26,67,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,]),'struct_or_union_specifier':([0,2,11,26,67,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,]),'atomic_specifier':([0,2,11,21,22,23,26,27,34,67,70,71,73,96,101,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[34,34,71,101,101,101,106,101,101,71,106,101,71,34,101,106,106,106,71,34,106,106,106,106,106,106,71,106,106,106,106,106,34,34,106,106,34,71,34,34,]),'struct_or_union':([0,2,11,26,67,70,73,96,124,125,126,128,137,141,193,203,204,205,213,221,238,294,298,299,304,313,322,333,335,351,372,449,458,],[37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,]),'declaration_list_opt':([11,73,],[65,131,]),'declaration_list':([11,73,],[67,67,]),'init_declarator_list_opt':([12,69,],[79,79,]),'init_declarator_list':([12,69,],[84,84,]),'init_declarator':([12,69,134,194,],[85,85,253,326,]),'declarator':([12,69,134,194,209,466,],[86,86,86,86,346,346,]),'typeid_declarator':([12,69,82,134,194,209,466,],[87,87,133,87,87,87,87,]),'direct_typeid_declarator':([12,69,80,82,134,194,209,466,],[88,88,132,88,88,88,88,88,]),'declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt':([21,22,23,27,34,71,101,],[98,102,103,112,117,117,117,]),'id_init_declarator_list_opt':([26,70,],[105,105,]),'id_init_declarator_list':([26,70,],[108,108,]),'id_init_declarator':([26,70,],[110,110,]),'type_qualifier_list_opt':([30,95,136,183,258,323,448,511,],[113,182,257,309,401,455,510,544,]),'type_qualifier_list':([30,95,124,125,126,136,141,183,203,204,205,238,258,294,298,299,304,323,333,335,448,511,],[115,184,213,213,213,259,213,115,213,213,213,213,115,213,213,213,213,115,213,213,512,115,]),'brace_open':([36,37,65,118,119,122,123,128,131,135,195,221,238,242,358,360,369,393,405,470,474,504,505,525,526,527,532,570,582,584,],[120,124,128,198,199,203,204,128,128,256,256,128,128,128,128,128,128,256,498,128,498,498,498,128,128,128,256,128,128,128,]),'compound_statement':([65,128,131,221,238,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[127,227,251,227,363,227,227,227,227,227,227,227,227,227,227,227,]),'unified_string_literal':([92,94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,266,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[138,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,407,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,143,]),'constant_expression':([94,126,234,332,347,397,467,],[142,218,359,462,468,491,523,]),'conditional_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,455,457,467,470,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[144,144,249,249,249,249,249,249,144,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,144,144,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,144,249,249,249,249,144,249,249,538,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,249,]),'binary_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,455,457,467,470,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,145,]),'cast_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,155,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[146,146,146,146,146,296,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,497,146,146,146,146,497,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,146,]),'unary_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[151,151,250,250,250,293,295,151,297,250,250,250,151,250,250,250,250,250,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,151,250,250,250,250,250,250,151,151,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,151,250,250,151,250,250,151,250,151,250,151,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,250,]),'postfix_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,152,]),'unary_operator':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,155,]),'primary_expression':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,158,]),'identifier':([94,96,126,128,135,137,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,314,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,398,401,402,405,449,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,507,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,564,565,570,572,582,584,],[162,191,162,162,162,191,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,445,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,492,162,162,162,191,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,541,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,162,575,162,162,162,162,162,]),'constant':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,163,]),'unified_wstring_literal':([94,126,128,135,141,153,154,155,156,182,195,221,234,238,242,247,257,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,294,298,309,310,332,347,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,397,401,402,405,455,457,467,470,474,482,500,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,164,]),'parameter_type_list':([96,137,322,351,449,458,],[185,260,454,454,513,454,]),'identifier_list_opt':([96,137,449,],[186,261,514,]),'parameter_list':([96,137,322,351,449,458,],[187,187,187,187,187,187,]),'identifier_list':([96,137,449,],[189,189,189,]),'parameter_declaration':([96,137,313,322,351,449,458,],[190,190,444,190,190,190,190,]),'enumerator_list':([120,198,199,],[200,328,329,]),'enumerator':([120,198,199,331,],[201,201,201,461,]),'struct_declaration_list':([124,203,204,],[205,333,335,]),'brace_close':([124,200,203,204,205,219,328,329,333,335,390,487,537,562,],[206,330,334,336,337,355,459,460,463,464,486,531,561,574,]),'struct_declaration':([124,203,204,205,333,335,],[207,207,207,338,338,338,]),'specifier_qualifier_list':([124,125,126,141,203,204,205,238,294,298,299,304,333,335,],[209,216,216,216,209,209,209,216,216,216,216,216,209,209,]),'type_name':([125,126,141,238,294,298,299,304,],[215,217,264,364,435,436,437,438,]),'block_item_list_opt':([128,],[219,]),'block_item_list':([128,],[221,]),'block_item':([128,221,],[222,356,]),'statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[224,224,370,370,370,479,370,553,370,370,370,370,370,]),'labeled_statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,225,]),'expression_statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,226,]),'selection_statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,]),'iteration_statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,229,]),'jump_statement':([128,221,242,358,360,369,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,230,]),'expression_opt':([128,221,242,358,360,369,372,470,482,525,526,527,529,559,570,572,582,584,],[236,236,236,236,236,236,481,236,530,236,236,236,558,573,236,581,236,236,]),'expression':([128,141,221,238,242,247,268,287,294,298,358,360,362,366,367,369,372,470,482,525,526,527,528,529,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[239,265,239,265,239,376,408,427,265,265,239,239,472,476,477,239,239,239,239,239,239,239,557,239,239,576,239,239,239,239,]),'assignment_expression':([128,135,141,182,195,221,238,242,247,257,268,287,288,294,298,309,310,358,360,362,365,366,367,369,372,378,393,401,402,455,457,470,482,503,510,525,526,527,528,529,532,544,545,559,565,570,572,582,584,],[248,255,248,308,255,248,248,248,248,308,248,248,430,248,248,441,442,248,248,248,475,248,248,248,248,485,255,495,496,308,308,248,248,539,308,248,248,248,248,248,255,568,569,248,248,248,248,248,248,]),'initializer':([135,195,393,532,],[254,327,488,560,]),'assignment_expression_opt':([182,257,455,457,510,],[305,399,517,519,542,]),'typeid_noparen_declarator':([192,],[316,]),'abstract_declarator_opt':([192,216,],[317,350,]),'direct_typeid_noparen_declarator':([192,318,],[319,446,]),'abstract_declarator':([192,216,322,351,],[321,321,450,450,]),'direct_abstract_declarator':([192,216,318,322,351,352,452,],[325,325,447,325,325,447,447,]),'struct_declarator_list_opt':([209,],[339,]),'struct_declarator_list':([209,],[344,]),'struct_declarator':([209,466,],[345,522,]),'pragmacomp_or_statement':([242,358,360,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[368,469,471,524,552,555,556,579,585,586,]),'pppragma_directive_list':([242,358,360,470,525,526,527,570,582,584,],[369,369,369,369,369,369,369,369,369,369,]),'assignment_operator':([250,],[378,]),'initializer_list_opt':([256,],[390,]),'initializer_list':([256,498,],[391,537,]),'designation_opt':([256,487,498,562,],[393,532,393,532,]),'designation':([256,487,498,562,],[394,394,394,394,]),'designator_list':([256,487,498,562,],[395,395,395,395,]),'designator':([256,395,487,498,562,],[396,490,396,396,396,]),'argument_expression_list':([288,],[428,]),'parameter_type_list_opt':([322,351,458,],[451,451,521,]),'offsetof_member_designator':([507,],[540,]),}
+
+_lr_goto = {}
+for _k, _v in _lr_goto_items.items():
+   for _x, _y in zip(_v[0], _v[1]):
+       if not _x in _lr_goto: _lr_goto[_x] = {}
+       _lr_goto[_x][_k] = _y
+del _lr_goto_items
+_lr_productions = [
+  ("S' -> translation_unit_or_empty","S'",1,None,None,None),
+  ('abstract_declarator_opt -> empty','abstract_declarator_opt',1,'p_abstract_declarator_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('abstract_declarator_opt -> abstract_declarator','abstract_declarator_opt',1,'p_abstract_declarator_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('assignment_expression_opt -> empty','assignment_expression_opt',1,'p_assignment_expression_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('assignment_expression_opt -> assignment_expression','assignment_expression_opt',1,'p_assignment_expression_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('block_item_list_opt -> empty','block_item_list_opt',1,'p_block_item_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('block_item_list_opt -> block_item_list','block_item_list_opt',1,'p_block_item_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('declaration_list_opt -> empty','declaration_list_opt',1,'p_declaration_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('declaration_list_opt -> declaration_list','declaration_list_opt',1,'p_declaration_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt -> empty','declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt',1,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt -> declaration_specifiers_no_type','declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt',1,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('designation_opt -> empty','designation_opt',1,'p_designation_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('designation_opt -> designation','designation_opt',1,'p_designation_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('expression_opt -> empty','expression_opt',1,'p_expression_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('expression_opt -> expression','expression_opt',1,'p_expression_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('id_init_declarator_list_opt -> empty','id_init_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_id_init_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('id_init_declarator_list_opt -> id_init_declarator_list','id_init_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_id_init_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('identifier_list_opt -> empty','identifier_list_opt',1,'p_identifier_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('identifier_list_opt -> identifier_list','identifier_list_opt',1,'p_identifier_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('init_declarator_list_opt -> empty','init_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_init_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('init_declarator_list_opt -> init_declarator_list','init_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_init_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('initializer_list_opt -> empty','initializer_list_opt',1,'p_initializer_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('initializer_list_opt -> initializer_list','initializer_list_opt',1,'p_initializer_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('parameter_type_list_opt -> empty','parameter_type_list_opt',1,'p_parameter_type_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('parameter_type_list_opt -> parameter_type_list','parameter_type_list_opt',1,'p_parameter_type_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('struct_declarator_list_opt -> empty','struct_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_struct_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('struct_declarator_list_opt -> struct_declarator_list','struct_declarator_list_opt',1,'p_struct_declarator_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('type_qualifier_list_opt -> empty','type_qualifier_list_opt',1,'p_type_qualifier_list_opt','plyparser.py',43),
+  ('type_qualifier_list_opt -> type_qualifier_list','type_qualifier_list_opt',1,'p_type_qualifier_list_opt','plyparser.py',44),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> ID','direct_id_declarator',1,'p_direct_id_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> LPAREN id_declarator RPAREN','direct_id_declarator',3,'p_direct_id_declarator_2','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET','direct_id_declarator',5,'p_direct_id_declarator_3','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_id_declarator',6,'p_direct_id_declarator_4','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_id_declarator',6,'p_direct_id_declarator_4','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET','direct_id_declarator',5,'p_direct_id_declarator_5','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN','direct_id_declarator',4,'p_direct_id_declarator_6','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN','direct_id_declarator',4,'p_direct_id_declarator_6','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> TYPEID','direct_typeid_declarator',1,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> LPAREN typeid_declarator RPAREN','direct_typeid_declarator',3,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_2','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET','direct_typeid_declarator',5,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_3','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_typeid_declarator',6,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_4','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_typeid_declarator',6,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_4','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET','direct_typeid_declarator',5,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_5','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN','direct_typeid_declarator',4,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_6','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN','direct_typeid_declarator',4,'p_direct_typeid_declarator_6','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> TYPEID','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',1,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',5,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_3','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',6,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_4','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression RBRACKET','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',6,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_4','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt TIMES RBRACKET','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',5,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_5','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list RPAREN','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',4,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_6','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('direct_typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator LPAREN identifier_list_opt RPAREN','direct_typeid_noparen_declarator',4,'p_direct_typeid_noparen_declarator_6','plyparser.py',127),
+  ('id_declarator -> direct_id_declarator','id_declarator',1,'p_id_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('id_declarator -> pointer direct_id_declarator','id_declarator',2,'p_id_declarator_2','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('typeid_declarator -> direct_typeid_declarator','typeid_declarator',1,'p_typeid_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('typeid_declarator -> pointer direct_typeid_declarator','typeid_declarator',2,'p_typeid_declarator_2','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('typeid_noparen_declarator -> direct_typeid_noparen_declarator','typeid_noparen_declarator',1,'p_typeid_noparen_declarator_1','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('typeid_noparen_declarator -> pointer direct_typeid_noparen_declarator','typeid_noparen_declarator',2,'p_typeid_noparen_declarator_2','plyparser.py',126),
+  ('translation_unit_or_empty -> translation_unit','translation_unit_or_empty',1,'p_translation_unit_or_empty','c_parser.py',509),
+  ('translation_unit_or_empty -> empty','translation_unit_or_empty',1,'p_translation_unit_or_empty','c_parser.py',510),
+  ('translation_unit -> external_declaration','translation_unit',1,'p_translation_unit_1','c_parser.py',518),
+  ('translation_unit -> translation_unit external_declaration','translation_unit',2,'p_translation_unit_2','c_parser.py',524),
+  ('external_declaration -> function_definition','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_1','c_parser.py',534),
+  ('external_declaration -> declaration','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_2','c_parser.py',539),
+  ('external_declaration -> pp_directive','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_3','c_parser.py',544),
+  ('external_declaration -> pppragma_directive','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_3','c_parser.py',545),
+  ('external_declaration -> SEMI','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_4','c_parser.py',550),
+  ('external_declaration -> static_assert','external_declaration',1,'p_external_declaration_5','c_parser.py',555),
+  ('static_assert -> _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression COMMA unified_string_literal RPAREN','static_assert',6,'p_static_assert_declaration','c_parser.py',560),
+  ('static_assert -> _STATIC_ASSERT LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN','static_assert',4,'p_static_assert_declaration','c_parser.py',561),
+  ('pp_directive -> PPHASH','pp_directive',1,'p_pp_directive','c_parser.py',569),
+  ('pppragma_directive -> PPPRAGMA','pppragma_directive',1,'p_pppragma_directive','c_parser.py',580),
+  ('pppragma_directive -> PPPRAGMA PPPRAGMASTR','pppragma_directive',2,'p_pppragma_directive','c_parser.py',581),
+  ('pppragma_directive -> _PRAGMA LPAREN unified_string_literal RPAREN','pppragma_directive',4,'p_pppragma_directive','c_parser.py',582),
+  ('pppragma_directive_list -> pppragma_directive','pppragma_directive_list',1,'p_pppragma_directive_list','c_parser.py',592),
+  ('pppragma_directive_list -> pppragma_directive_list pppragma_directive','pppragma_directive_list',2,'p_pppragma_directive_list','c_parser.py',593),
+  ('function_definition -> id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement','function_definition',3,'p_function_definition_1','c_parser.py',600),
+  ('function_definition -> declaration_specifiers id_declarator declaration_list_opt compound_statement','function_definition',4,'p_function_definition_2','c_parser.py',618),
+  ('statement -> labeled_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',633),
+  ('statement -> expression_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',634),
+  ('statement -> compound_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',635),
+  ('statement -> selection_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',636),
+  ('statement -> iteration_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',637),
+  ('statement -> jump_statement','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',638),
+  ('statement -> pppragma_directive','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',639),
+  ('statement -> static_assert','statement',1,'p_statement','c_parser.py',640),
+  ('pragmacomp_or_statement -> pppragma_directive_list statement','pragmacomp_or_statement',2,'p_pragmacomp_or_statement','c_parser.py',688),
+  ('pragmacomp_or_statement -> statement','pragmacomp_or_statement',1,'p_pragmacomp_or_statement','c_parser.py',689),
+  ('decl_body -> declaration_specifiers init_declarator_list_opt','decl_body',2,'p_decl_body','c_parser.py',708),
+  ('decl_body -> declaration_specifiers_no_type id_init_declarator_list_opt','decl_body',2,'p_decl_body','c_parser.py',709),
+  ('declaration -> decl_body SEMI','declaration',2,'p_declaration','c_parser.py',769),
+  ('declaration_list -> declaration','declaration_list',1,'p_declaration_list','c_parser.py',778),
+  ('declaration_list -> declaration_list declaration','declaration_list',2,'p_declaration_list','c_parser.py',779),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type -> type_qualifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','declaration_specifiers_no_type',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_1','c_parser.py',789),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type -> storage_class_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','declaration_specifiers_no_type',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_2','c_parser.py',794),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type -> function_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','declaration_specifiers_no_type',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_3','c_parser.py',799),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type -> atomic_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','declaration_specifiers_no_type',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_4','c_parser.py',806),
+  ('declaration_specifiers_no_type -> alignment_specifier declaration_specifiers_no_type_opt','declaration_specifiers_no_type',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_no_type_5','c_parser.py',811),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers type_qualifier','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_1','c_parser.py',816),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers storage_class_specifier','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_2','c_parser.py',821),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers function_specifier','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_3','c_parser.py',826),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers type_specifier_no_typeid','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_4','c_parser.py',831),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> type_specifier','declaration_specifiers',1,'p_declaration_specifiers_5','c_parser.py',836),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers_no_type type_specifier','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_6','c_parser.py',841),
+  ('declaration_specifiers -> declaration_specifiers alignment_specifier','declaration_specifiers',2,'p_declaration_specifiers_7','c_parser.py',846),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> AUTO','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',851),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> REGISTER','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',852),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> STATIC','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',853),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> EXTERN','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',854),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> TYPEDEF','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',855),
+  ('storage_class_specifier -> _THREAD_LOCAL','storage_class_specifier',1,'p_storage_class_specifier','c_parser.py',856),
+  ('function_specifier -> INLINE','function_specifier',1,'p_function_specifier','c_parser.py',861),
+  ('function_specifier -> _NORETURN','function_specifier',1,'p_function_specifier','c_parser.py',862),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> VOID','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',867),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> _BOOL','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',868),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> CHAR','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',869),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> SHORT','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',870),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> INT','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',871),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> LONG','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',872),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> FLOAT','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',873),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> DOUBLE','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',874),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> _COMPLEX','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',875),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> SIGNED','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',876),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> UNSIGNED','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',877),
+  ('type_specifier_no_typeid -> __INT128','type_specifier_no_typeid',1,'p_type_specifier_no_typeid','c_parser.py',878),
+  ('type_specifier -> typedef_name','type_specifier',1,'p_type_specifier','c_parser.py',883),
+  ('type_specifier -> enum_specifier','type_specifier',1,'p_type_specifier','c_parser.py',884),
+  ('type_specifier -> struct_or_union_specifier','type_specifier',1,'p_type_specifier','c_parser.py',885),
+  ('type_specifier -> type_specifier_no_typeid','type_specifier',1,'p_type_specifier','c_parser.py',886),
+  ('type_specifier -> atomic_specifier','type_specifier',1,'p_type_specifier','c_parser.py',887),
+  ('atomic_specifier -> _ATOMIC LPAREN type_name RPAREN','atomic_specifier',4,'p_atomic_specifier','c_parser.py',893),
+  ('type_qualifier -> CONST','type_qualifier',1,'p_type_qualifier','c_parser.py',900),
+  ('type_qualifier -> RESTRICT','type_qualifier',1,'p_type_qualifier','c_parser.py',901),
+  ('type_qualifier -> VOLATILE','type_qualifier',1,'p_type_qualifier','c_parser.py',902),
+  ('type_qualifier -> _ATOMIC','type_qualifier',1,'p_type_qualifier','c_parser.py',903),
+  ('init_declarator_list -> init_declarator','init_declarator_list',1,'p_init_declarator_list','c_parser.py',908),
+  ('init_declarator_list -> init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator','init_declarator_list',3,'p_init_declarator_list','c_parser.py',909),
+  ('init_declarator -> declarator','init_declarator',1,'p_init_declarator','c_parser.py',917),
+  ('init_declarator -> declarator EQUALS initializer','init_declarator',3,'p_init_declarator','c_parser.py',918),
+  ('id_init_declarator_list -> id_init_declarator','id_init_declarator_list',1,'p_id_init_declarator_list','c_parser.py',923),
+  ('id_init_declarator_list -> id_init_declarator_list COMMA init_declarator','id_init_declarator_list',3,'p_id_init_declarator_list','c_parser.py',924),
+  ('id_init_declarator -> id_declarator','id_init_declarator',1,'p_id_init_declarator','c_parser.py',929),
+  ('id_init_declarator -> id_declarator EQUALS initializer','id_init_declarator',3,'p_id_init_declarator','c_parser.py',930),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> specifier_qualifier_list type_specifier_no_typeid','specifier_qualifier_list',2,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_1','c_parser.py',937),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> specifier_qualifier_list type_qualifier','specifier_qualifier_list',2,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_2','c_parser.py',942),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> type_specifier','specifier_qualifier_list',1,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_3','c_parser.py',947),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> type_qualifier_list type_specifier','specifier_qualifier_list',2,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_4','c_parser.py',952),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> alignment_specifier','specifier_qualifier_list',1,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_5','c_parser.py',957),
+  ('specifier_qualifier_list -> specifier_qualifier_list alignment_specifier','specifier_qualifier_list',2,'p_specifier_qualifier_list_6','c_parser.py',962),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union ID','struct_or_union_specifier',2,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_1','c_parser.py',970),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union TYPEID','struct_or_union_specifier',2,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_1','c_parser.py',971),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',4,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_2','c_parser.py',981),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union brace_open brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',3,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_2','c_parser.py',982),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union ID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',5,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_3','c_parser.py',999),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union ID brace_open brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',4,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_3','c_parser.py',1000),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open struct_declaration_list brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',5,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_3','c_parser.py',1001),
+  ('struct_or_union_specifier -> struct_or_union TYPEID brace_open brace_close','struct_or_union_specifier',4,'p_struct_or_union_specifier_3','c_parser.py',1002),
+  ('struct_or_union -> STRUCT','struct_or_union',1,'p_struct_or_union','c_parser.py',1018),
+  ('struct_or_union -> UNION','struct_or_union',1,'p_struct_or_union','c_parser.py',1019),
+  ('struct_declaration_list -> struct_declaration','struct_declaration_list',1,'p_struct_declaration_list','c_parser.py',1026),
+  ('struct_declaration_list -> struct_declaration_list struct_declaration','struct_declaration_list',2,'p_struct_declaration_list','c_parser.py',1027),
+  ('struct_declaration -> specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list_opt SEMI','struct_declaration',3,'p_struct_declaration_1','c_parser.py',1035),
+  ('struct_declaration -> SEMI','struct_declaration',1,'p_struct_declaration_2','c_parser.py',1073),
+  ('struct_declaration -> pppragma_directive','struct_declaration',1,'p_struct_declaration_3','c_parser.py',1078),
+  ('struct_declarator_list -> struct_declarator','struct_declarator_list',1,'p_struct_declarator_list','c_parser.py',1083),
+  ('struct_declarator_list -> struct_declarator_list COMMA struct_declarator','struct_declarator_list',3,'p_struct_declarator_list','c_parser.py',1084),
+  ('struct_declarator -> declarator','struct_declarator',1,'p_struct_declarator_1','c_parser.py',1092),
+  ('struct_declarator -> declarator COLON constant_expression','struct_declarator',3,'p_struct_declarator_2','c_parser.py',1097),
+  ('struct_declarator -> COLON constant_expression','struct_declarator',2,'p_struct_declarator_2','c_parser.py',1098),
+  ('enum_specifier -> ENUM ID','enum_specifier',2,'p_enum_specifier_1','c_parser.py',1106),
+  ('enum_specifier -> ENUM TYPEID','enum_specifier',2,'p_enum_specifier_1','c_parser.py',1107),
+  ('enum_specifier -> ENUM brace_open enumerator_list brace_close','enum_specifier',4,'p_enum_specifier_2','c_parser.py',1112),
+  ('enum_specifier -> ENUM ID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close','enum_specifier',5,'p_enum_specifier_3','c_parser.py',1117),
+  ('enum_specifier -> ENUM TYPEID brace_open enumerator_list brace_close','enum_specifier',5,'p_enum_specifier_3','c_parser.py',1118),
+  ('enumerator_list -> enumerator','enumerator_list',1,'p_enumerator_list','c_parser.py',1123),
+  ('enumerator_list -> enumerator_list COMMA','enumerator_list',2,'p_enumerator_list','c_parser.py',1124),
+  ('enumerator_list -> enumerator_list COMMA enumerator','enumerator_list',3,'p_enumerator_list','c_parser.py',1125),
+  ('alignment_specifier -> _ALIGNAS LPAREN type_name RPAREN','alignment_specifier',4,'p_alignment_specifier','c_parser.py',1136),
+  ('alignment_specifier -> _ALIGNAS LPAREN constant_expression RPAREN','alignment_specifier',4,'p_alignment_specifier','c_parser.py',1137),
+  ('enumerator -> ID','enumerator',1,'p_enumerator','c_parser.py',1142),
+  ('enumerator -> ID EQUALS constant_expression','enumerator',3,'p_enumerator','c_parser.py',1143),
+  ('declarator -> id_declarator','declarator',1,'p_declarator','c_parser.py',1158),
+  ('declarator -> typeid_declarator','declarator',1,'p_declarator','c_parser.py',1159),
+  ('pointer -> TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt','pointer',2,'p_pointer','c_parser.py',1271),
+  ('pointer -> TIMES type_qualifier_list_opt pointer','pointer',3,'p_pointer','c_parser.py',1272),
+  ('type_qualifier_list -> type_qualifier','type_qualifier_list',1,'p_type_qualifier_list','c_parser.py',1301),
+  ('type_qualifier_list -> type_qualifier_list type_qualifier','type_qualifier_list',2,'p_type_qualifier_list','c_parser.py',1302),
+  ('parameter_type_list -> parameter_list','parameter_type_list',1,'p_parameter_type_list','c_parser.py',1307),
+  ('parameter_type_list -> parameter_list COMMA ELLIPSIS','parameter_type_list',3,'p_parameter_type_list','c_parser.py',1308),
+  ('parameter_list -> parameter_declaration','parameter_list',1,'p_parameter_list','c_parser.py',1316),
+  ('parameter_list -> parameter_list COMMA parameter_declaration','parameter_list',3,'p_parameter_list','c_parser.py',1317),
+  ('parameter_declaration -> declaration_specifiers id_declarator','parameter_declaration',2,'p_parameter_declaration_1','c_parser.py',1336),
+  ('parameter_declaration -> declaration_specifiers typeid_noparen_declarator','parameter_declaration',2,'p_parameter_declaration_1','c_parser.py',1337),
+  ('parameter_declaration -> declaration_specifiers abstract_declarator_opt','parameter_declaration',2,'p_parameter_declaration_2','c_parser.py',1348),
+  ('identifier_list -> identifier','identifier_list',1,'p_identifier_list','c_parser.py',1380),
+  ('identifier_list -> identifier_list COMMA identifier','identifier_list',3,'p_identifier_list','c_parser.py',1381),
+  ('initializer -> assignment_expression','initializer',1,'p_initializer_1','c_parser.py',1390),
+  ('initializer -> brace_open initializer_list_opt brace_close','initializer',3,'p_initializer_2','c_parser.py',1395),
+  ('initializer -> brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close','initializer',4,'p_initializer_2','c_parser.py',1396),
+  ('initializer_list -> designation_opt initializer','initializer_list',2,'p_initializer_list','c_parser.py',1404),
+  ('initializer_list -> initializer_list COMMA designation_opt initializer','initializer_list',4,'p_initializer_list','c_parser.py',1405),
+  ('designation -> designator_list EQUALS','designation',2,'p_designation','c_parser.py',1416),
+  ('designator_list -> designator','designator_list',1,'p_designator_list','c_parser.py',1424),
+  ('designator_list -> designator_list designator','designator_list',2,'p_designator_list','c_parser.py',1425),
+  ('designator -> LBRACKET constant_expression RBRACKET','designator',3,'p_designator','c_parser.py',1430),
+  ('designator -> PERIOD identifier','designator',2,'p_designator','c_parser.py',1431),
+  ('type_name -> specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator_opt','type_name',2,'p_type_name','c_parser.py',1436),
+  ('abstract_declarator -> pointer','abstract_declarator',1,'p_abstract_declarator_1','c_parser.py',1448),
+  ('abstract_declarator -> pointer direct_abstract_declarator','abstract_declarator',2,'p_abstract_declarator_2','c_parser.py',1456),
+  ('abstract_declarator -> direct_abstract_declarator','abstract_declarator',1,'p_abstract_declarator_3','c_parser.py',1461),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> LPAREN abstract_declarator RPAREN','direct_abstract_declarator',3,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_1','c_parser.py',1471),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET','direct_abstract_declarator',4,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_2','c_parser.py',1475),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> LBRACKET type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression_opt RBRACKET','direct_abstract_declarator',4,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_3','c_parser.py',1486),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> direct_abstract_declarator LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET','direct_abstract_declarator',4,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_4','c_parser.py',1496),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> LBRACKET TIMES RBRACKET','direct_abstract_declarator',3,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_5','c_parser.py',1507),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> direct_abstract_declarator LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN','direct_abstract_declarator',4,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_6','c_parser.py',1516),
+  ('direct_abstract_declarator -> LPAREN parameter_type_list_opt RPAREN','direct_abstract_declarator',3,'p_direct_abstract_declarator_7','c_parser.py',1526),
+  ('block_item -> declaration','block_item',1,'p_block_item','c_parser.py',1537),
+  ('block_item -> statement','block_item',1,'p_block_item','c_parser.py',1538),
+  ('block_item_list -> block_item','block_item_list',1,'p_block_item_list','c_parser.py',1545),
+  ('block_item_list -> block_item_list block_item','block_item_list',2,'p_block_item_list','c_parser.py',1546),
+  ('compound_statement -> brace_open block_item_list_opt brace_close','compound_statement',3,'p_compound_statement_1','c_parser.py',1552),
+  ('labeled_statement -> ID COLON pragmacomp_or_statement','labeled_statement',3,'p_labeled_statement_1','c_parser.py',1558),
+  ('labeled_statement -> CASE constant_expression COLON pragmacomp_or_statement','labeled_statement',4,'p_labeled_statement_2','c_parser.py',1562),
+  ('labeled_statement -> DEFAULT COLON pragmacomp_or_statement','labeled_statement',3,'p_labeled_statement_3','c_parser.py',1566),
+  ('selection_statement -> IF LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement','selection_statement',5,'p_selection_statement_1','c_parser.py',1570),
+  ('selection_statement -> IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement ELSE pragmacomp_or_statement','selection_statement',7,'p_selection_statement_2','c_parser.py',1574),
+  ('selection_statement -> SWITCH LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement','selection_statement',5,'p_selection_statement_3','c_parser.py',1578),
+  ('iteration_statement -> WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement','iteration_statement',5,'p_iteration_statement_1','c_parser.py',1583),
+  ('iteration_statement -> DO pragmacomp_or_statement WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN SEMI','iteration_statement',7,'p_iteration_statement_2','c_parser.py',1587),
+  ('iteration_statement -> FOR LPAREN expression_opt SEMI expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement','iteration_statement',9,'p_iteration_statement_3','c_parser.py',1591),
+  ('iteration_statement -> FOR LPAREN declaration expression_opt SEMI expression_opt RPAREN pragmacomp_or_statement','iteration_statement',8,'p_iteration_statement_4','c_parser.py',1595),
+  ('jump_statement -> GOTO ID SEMI','jump_statement',3,'p_jump_statement_1','c_parser.py',1600),
+  ('jump_statement -> BREAK SEMI','jump_statement',2,'p_jump_statement_2','c_parser.py',1604),
+  ('jump_statement -> CONTINUE SEMI','jump_statement',2,'p_jump_statement_3','c_parser.py',1608),
+  ('jump_statement -> RETURN expression SEMI','jump_statement',3,'p_jump_statement_4','c_parser.py',1612),
+  ('jump_statement -> RETURN SEMI','jump_statement',2,'p_jump_statement_4','c_parser.py',1613),
+  ('expression_statement -> expression_opt SEMI','expression_statement',2,'p_expression_statement','c_parser.py',1618),
+  ('expression -> assignment_expression','expression',1,'p_expression','c_parser.py',1625),
+  ('expression -> expression COMMA assignment_expression','expression',3,'p_expression','c_parser.py',1626),
+  ('assignment_expression -> LPAREN compound_statement RPAREN','assignment_expression',3,'p_parenthesized_compound_expression','c_parser.py',1638),
+  ('typedef_name -> TYPEID','typedef_name',1,'p_typedef_name','c_parser.py',1642),
+  ('assignment_expression -> conditional_expression','assignment_expression',1,'p_assignment_expression','c_parser.py',1646),
+  ('assignment_expression -> unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression','assignment_expression',3,'p_assignment_expression','c_parser.py',1647),
+  ('assignment_operator -> EQUALS','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1660),
+  ('assignment_operator -> XOREQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1661),
+  ('assignment_operator -> TIMESEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1662),
+  ('assignment_operator -> DIVEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1663),
+  ('assignment_operator -> MODEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1664),
+  ('assignment_operator -> PLUSEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1665),
+  ('assignment_operator -> MINUSEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1666),
+  ('assignment_operator -> LSHIFTEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1667),
+  ('assignment_operator -> RSHIFTEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1668),
+  ('assignment_operator -> ANDEQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1669),
+  ('assignment_operator -> OREQUAL','assignment_operator',1,'p_assignment_operator','c_parser.py',1670),
+  ('constant_expression -> conditional_expression','constant_expression',1,'p_constant_expression','c_parser.py',1675),
+  ('conditional_expression -> binary_expression','conditional_expression',1,'p_conditional_expression','c_parser.py',1679),
+  ('conditional_expression -> binary_expression CONDOP expression COLON conditional_expression','conditional_expression',5,'p_conditional_expression','c_parser.py',1680),
+  ('binary_expression -> cast_expression','binary_expression',1,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1688),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression TIMES binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1689),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression DIVIDE binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1690),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression MOD binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1691),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression PLUS binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1692),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression MINUS binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1693),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression RSHIFT binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1694),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression LSHIFT binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1695),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression LT binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1696),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression LE binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1697),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression GE binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1698),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression GT binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1699),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression EQ binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1700),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression NE binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1701),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression AND binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1702),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression OR binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1703),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression XOR binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1704),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression LAND binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1705),
+  ('binary_expression -> binary_expression LOR binary_expression','binary_expression',3,'p_binary_expression','c_parser.py',1706),
+  ('cast_expression -> unary_expression','cast_expression',1,'p_cast_expression_1','c_parser.py',1714),
+  ('cast_expression -> LPAREN type_name RPAREN cast_expression','cast_expression',4,'p_cast_expression_2','c_parser.py',1718),
+  ('unary_expression -> postfix_expression','unary_expression',1,'p_unary_expression_1','c_parser.py',1722),
+  ('unary_expression -> PLUSPLUS unary_expression','unary_expression',2,'p_unary_expression_2','c_parser.py',1726),
+  ('unary_expression -> MINUSMINUS unary_expression','unary_expression',2,'p_unary_expression_2','c_parser.py',1727),
+  ('unary_expression -> unary_operator cast_expression','unary_expression',2,'p_unary_expression_2','c_parser.py',1728),
+  ('unary_expression -> SIZEOF unary_expression','unary_expression',2,'p_unary_expression_3','c_parser.py',1733),
+  ('unary_expression -> SIZEOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN','unary_expression',4,'p_unary_expression_3','c_parser.py',1734),
+  ('unary_expression -> _ALIGNOF LPAREN type_name RPAREN','unary_expression',4,'p_unary_expression_3','c_parser.py',1735),
+  ('unary_operator -> AND','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1743),
+  ('unary_operator -> TIMES','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1744),
+  ('unary_operator -> PLUS','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1745),
+  ('unary_operator -> MINUS','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1746),
+  ('unary_operator -> NOT','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1747),
+  ('unary_operator -> LNOT','unary_operator',1,'p_unary_operator','c_parser.py',1748),
+  ('postfix_expression -> primary_expression','postfix_expression',1,'p_postfix_expression_1','c_parser.py',1753),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression LBRACKET expression RBRACKET','postfix_expression',4,'p_postfix_expression_2','c_parser.py',1757),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression LPAREN argument_expression_list RPAREN','postfix_expression',4,'p_postfix_expression_3','c_parser.py',1761),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression LPAREN RPAREN','postfix_expression',3,'p_postfix_expression_3','c_parser.py',1762),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression PERIOD ID','postfix_expression',3,'p_postfix_expression_4','c_parser.py',1767),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression PERIOD TYPEID','postfix_expression',3,'p_postfix_expression_4','c_parser.py',1768),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression ARROW ID','postfix_expression',3,'p_postfix_expression_4','c_parser.py',1769),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression ARROW TYPEID','postfix_expression',3,'p_postfix_expression_4','c_parser.py',1770),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression PLUSPLUS','postfix_expression',2,'p_postfix_expression_5','c_parser.py',1776),
+  ('postfix_expression -> postfix_expression MINUSMINUS','postfix_expression',2,'p_postfix_expression_5','c_parser.py',1777),
+  ('postfix_expression -> LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list brace_close','postfix_expression',6,'p_postfix_expression_6','c_parser.py',1782),
+  ('postfix_expression -> LPAREN type_name RPAREN brace_open initializer_list COMMA brace_close','postfix_expression',7,'p_postfix_expression_6','c_parser.py',1783),
+  ('primary_expression -> identifier','primary_expression',1,'p_primary_expression_1','c_parser.py',1788),
+  ('primary_expression -> constant','primary_expression',1,'p_primary_expression_2','c_parser.py',1792),
+  ('primary_expression -> unified_string_literal','primary_expression',1,'p_primary_expression_3','c_parser.py',1796),
+  ('primary_expression -> unified_wstring_literal','primary_expression',1,'p_primary_expression_3','c_parser.py',1797),
+  ('primary_expression -> LPAREN expression RPAREN','primary_expression',3,'p_primary_expression_4','c_parser.py',1802),
+  ('primary_expression -> OFFSETOF LPAREN type_name COMMA offsetof_member_designator RPAREN','primary_expression',6,'p_primary_expression_5','c_parser.py',1806),
+  ('offsetof_member_designator -> identifier','offsetof_member_designator',1,'p_offsetof_member_designator','c_parser.py',1814),
+  ('offsetof_member_designator -> offsetof_member_designator PERIOD identifier','offsetof_member_designator',3,'p_offsetof_member_designator','c_parser.py',1815),
+  ('offsetof_member_designator -> offsetof_member_designator LBRACKET expression RBRACKET','offsetof_member_designator',4,'p_offsetof_member_designator','c_parser.py',1816),
+  ('argument_expression_list -> assignment_expression','argument_expression_list',1,'p_argument_expression_list','c_parser.py',1828),
+  ('argument_expression_list -> argument_expression_list COMMA assignment_expression','argument_expression_list',3,'p_argument_expression_list','c_parser.py',1829),
+  ('identifier -> ID','identifier',1,'p_identifier','c_parser.py',1838),
+  ('constant -> INT_CONST_DEC','constant',1,'p_constant_1','c_parser.py',1842),
+  ('constant -> INT_CONST_OCT','constant',1,'p_constant_1','c_parser.py',1843),
+  ('constant -> INT_CONST_HEX','constant',1,'p_constant_1','c_parser.py',1844),
+  ('constant -> INT_CONST_BIN','constant',1,'p_constant_1','c_parser.py',1845),
+  ('constant -> INT_CONST_CHAR','constant',1,'p_constant_1','c_parser.py',1846),
+  ('constant -> FLOAT_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_2','c_parser.py',1865),
+  ('constant -> HEX_FLOAT_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_2','c_parser.py',1866),
+  ('constant -> CHAR_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_3','c_parser.py',1882),
+  ('constant -> WCHAR_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_3','c_parser.py',1883),
+  ('constant -> U8CHAR_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_3','c_parser.py',1884),
+  ('constant -> U16CHAR_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_3','c_parser.py',1885),
+  ('constant -> U32CHAR_CONST','constant',1,'p_constant_3','c_parser.py',1886),
+  ('unified_string_literal -> STRING_LITERAL','unified_string_literal',1,'p_unified_string_literal','c_parser.py',1897),
+  ('unified_string_literal -> unified_string_literal STRING_LITERAL','unified_string_literal',2,'p_unified_string_literal','c_parser.py',1898),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> WSTRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',1,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1908),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> U8STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',1,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1909),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> U16STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',1,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1910),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> U32STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',1,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1911),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> unified_wstring_literal WSTRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',2,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1912),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> unified_wstring_literal U8STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',2,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1913),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> unified_wstring_literal U16STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',2,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1914),
+  ('unified_wstring_literal -> unified_wstring_literal U32STRING_LITERAL','unified_wstring_literal',2,'p_unified_wstring_literal','c_parser.py',1915),
+  ('brace_open -> LBRACE','brace_open',1,'p_brace_open','c_parser.py',1925),
+  ('brace_close -> RBRACE','brace_close',1,'p_brace_close','c_parser.py',1931),
+  ('empty -> <empty>','empty',0,'p_empty','c_parser.py',1937),
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a97119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Saurabh Kumar (python-dotenv), 2013, Ted Tieken (django-dotenv-rw), 2013, Jacob Kaplan-Moss (django-dotenv)
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+- Neither the name of django-dotenv nor the names of its contributors
+  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9af7fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: python-dotenv
+Version: 1.0.1
+Summary: Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables
+Home-page: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv
+Author: Saurabh Kumar
+Author-email: me+github@saurabh-kumar.com
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Keywords: environment variables,deployments,settings,env,dotenv,configurations,python
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Systems Administration
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Provides-Extra: cli
+Requires-Dist: click >=5.0 ; extra == 'cli'
+
+# python-dotenv
+
+[![Build Status][build_status_badge]][build_status_link]
+[![PyPI version][pypi_badge]][pypi_link]
+
+Python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and can set them as environment
+variables. It helps in the development of applications following the
+[12-factor](https://12factor.net/) principles.
+
+- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+- [Other Use Cases](#other-use-cases)
+  * [Load configuration without altering the environment](#load-configuration-without-altering-the-environment)
+  * [Parse configuration as a stream](#parse-configuration-as-a-stream)
+  * [Load .env files in IPython](#load-env-files-in-ipython)
+- [Command-line Interface](#command-line-interface)
+- [File format](#file-format)
+  * [Multiline values](#multiline-values)
+  * [Variable expansion](#variable-expansion)
+- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
+- [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+```shell
+pip install python-dotenv
+```
+
+If your application takes its configuration from environment variables, like a 12-factor
+application, launching it in development is not very practical because you have to set
+those environment variables yourself.
+
+To help you with that, you can add Python-dotenv to your application to make it load the
+configuration from a `.env` file when it is present (e.g. in development) while remaining
+configurable via the environment:
+
+```python
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv()  # take environment variables from .env.
+
+# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
+# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.
+```
+
+By default, `load_dotenv` doesn't override existing environment variables.
+
+To configure the development environment, add a `.env` in the root directory of your
+project:
+
+```
+.
+├── .env
+└── foo.py
+```
+
+The syntax of `.env` files supported by python-dotenv is similar to that of Bash:
+
+```bash
+# Development settings
+DOMAIN=example.org
+ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@${DOMAIN}
+ROOT_URL=${DOMAIN}/app
+```
+
+If you use variables in values, ensure they are surrounded with `{` and `}`, like
+`${DOMAIN}`, as bare variables such as `$DOMAIN` are not expanded.
+
+You will probably want to add `.env` to your `.gitignore`, especially if it contains
+secrets like a password.
+
+See the section "File format" below for more information about what you can write in a
+`.env` file.
+
+## Other Use Cases
+
+### Load configuration without altering the environment
+
+The function `dotenv_values` works more or less the same way as `load_dotenv`, except it
+doesn't touch the environment, it just returns a `dict` with the values parsed from the
+`.env` file.
+
+```python
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = dotenv_values(".env")  # config = {"USER": "foo", "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"}
+```
+
+This notably enables advanced configuration management:
+
+```python
+import os
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = {
+    **dotenv_values(".env.shared"),  # load shared development variables
+    **dotenv_values(".env.secret"),  # load sensitive variables
+    **os.environ,  # override loaded values with environment variables
+}
+```
+
+### Parse configuration as a stream
+
+`load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` accept [streams][python_streams] via their `stream`
+argument.  It is thus possible to load the variables from sources other than the
+filesystem (e.g. the network).
+
+```python
+from io import StringIO
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+config = StringIO("USER=foo\nEMAIL=foo@example.org")
+load_dotenv(stream=config)
+```
+
+### Load .env files in IPython
+
+You can use dotenv in IPython.  By default, it will use `find_dotenv` to search for a
+`.env` file:
+
+```python
+%load_ext dotenv
+%dotenv
+```
+
+You can also specify a path:
+
+```python
+%dotenv relative/or/absolute/path/to/.env
+```
+
+Optional flags:
+
+- `-o` to override existing variables.
+- `-v` for increased verbosity.
+
+## Command-line Interface
+
+A CLI interface `dotenv` is also included, which helps you manipulate the `.env` file
+without manually opening it.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install "python-dotenv[cli]"
+$ dotenv set USER foo
+$ dotenv set EMAIL foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list
+USER=foo
+EMAIL=foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list --format=json
+{
+  "USER": "foo",
+  "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"
+}
+$ dotenv run -- python foo.py
+```
+
+Run `dotenv --help` for more information about the options and subcommands.
+
+## File format
+
+The format is not formally specified and still improves over time.  That being said,
+`.env` files should mostly look like Bash files.
+
+Keys can be unquoted or single-quoted. Values can be unquoted, single- or double-quoted.
+Spaces before and after keys, equal signs, and values are ignored. Values can be followed
+by a comment.  Lines can start with the `export` directive, which does not affect their
+interpretation.
+
+Allowed escape sequences:
+
+- in single-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`
+- in double-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`, `\"`, `\a`, `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`
+
+### Multiline values
+
+It is possible for single- or double-quoted values to span multiple lines.  The following
+examples are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line
+second line"
+```
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line\nsecond line"
+```
+
+### Variable without a value
+
+A variable can have no value:
+
+```bash
+FOO
+```
+
+It results in `dotenv_values` associating that variable name with the value `None` (e.g.
+`{"FOO": None}`. `load_dotenv`, on the other hand, simply ignores such variables.
+
+This shouldn't be confused with `FOO=`, in which case the variable is associated with the
+empty string.
+
+### Variable expansion
+
+Python-dotenv can interpolate variables using POSIX variable expansion.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=True)` or `dotenv_values()`, the value of a variable is the
+first of the values defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=False)`, the value of a variable is the first of the values
+defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+## Related Projects
+
+-   [Honcho](https://github.com/nickstenning/honcho) - For managing
+    Procfile-based applications.
+-   [django-dotenv](https://github.com/jpadilla/django-dotenv)
+-   [django-environ](https://github.com/joke2k/django-environ)
+-   [django-environ-2](https://github.com/sergeyklay/django-environ-2)
+-   [django-configuration](https://github.com/jezdez/django-configurations)
+-   [dump-env](https://github.com/sobolevn/dump-env)
+-   [environs](https://github.com/sloria/environs)
+-   [dynaconf](https://github.com/rochacbruno/dynaconf)
+-   [parse_it](https://github.com/naorlivne/parse_it)
+-   [python-decouple](https://github.com/HBNetwork/python-decouple)
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+This project is currently maintained by [Saurabh Kumar](https://saurabh-kumar.com) and
+[Bertrand Bonnefoy-Claudet](https://github.com/bbc2) and would not have been possible
+without the support of these [awesome
+people](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/graphs/contributors).
+
+[build_status_badge]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+[build_status_link]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml
+[pypi_badge]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv.svg
+[pypi_link]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv
+[python_streams]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html
+
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and this
+project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [1.0.1] - 2024-01-23
+
+**Fixed**
+
+* Gracefully handle code which has been imported from a zipfile ([#456] by [@samwyma])
+* Allow modules using load_dotenv to be reloaded when launched in a separate thread ([#497] by [@freddyaboulton])
+* Fix file not closed after deletion, handle error in the rewrite function ([#469] by [@Qwerty-133])
+
+**Misc**
+* Use pathlib.Path in tests ([#466] by [@eumiro])
+* Fix year in release date in changelog.md ([#454] by [@jankislinger])
+* Use https in README links ([#474] by [@Nicals])
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2023-02-24
+
+**Fixed**
+
+* Drop support for python 3.7, add python 3.12-dev (#449 by [@theskumar])
+* Handle situations where the cwd does not exist. (#446 by [@jctanner])
+
+## [0.21.1] - 2023-01-21
+
+**Added**
+
+* Use Python 3.11 non-beta in CI (#438 by [@bbc2])
+* Modernize variables code (#434 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+* Modernize main.py and parser.py code (#435 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+* Improve conciseness of cli.py and __init__.py (#439 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+* Improve error message for `get` and `list` commands when env file can't be opened (#441 by [@bbc2])
+* Updated License to align with BSD OSI template (#433 by [@lsmith77])
+
+
+**Fixed**
+
+* Fix Out-of-scope error when "dest" variable is undefined (#413 by [@theGOTOguy])
+* Fix IPython test warning about deprecated `magic` (#440 by [@bbc2])
+* Fix type hint for dotenv_path var, add StrPath alias (#432 by [@eaf])
+
+## [0.21.0] - 2022-09-03
+
+**Added**
+
+* CLI: add support for invocations via 'python -m'. (#395 by [@theskumar])
+* `load_dotenv` function now returns `False`. (#388 by [@larsks])
+* CLI: add --format= option to list command. (#407 by [@sammck])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+* Drop Python 3.5 and 3.6 and upgrade GA (#393 by [@eggplants])
+* Use `open` instead of `io.open`. (#389 by [@rabinadk1])
+* Improve documentation for variables without a value (#390 by [@bbc2])
+* Add `parse_it` to Related Projects (#410 by [@naorlivne])
+* Update README.md (#415 by [@harveer07])
+* Improve documentation with direct use of MkDocs (#398 by [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.20.0] - 2022-03-24
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `encoding` (`Optional[str]`) parameter to `get_key`, `set_key` and `unset_key`.
+  (#379 by [@bbc2])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Use dict to specify the `entry_points` parameter of `setuptools.setup` (#376 by
+  [@mgorny]).
+- Don't build universal wheels (#387 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.19.2] - 2021-11-11
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- In `set_key`, add missing newline character before new entry if necessary. (#361 by
+  [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.19.1] - 2021-08-09
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for Python 3.10. (#359 by [@theskumar])
+
+## [0.19.0] - 2021-07-24
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Require Python 3.5 or a later version.  Python 2 and 3.4 are no longer supported. (#341
+  by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- The `dotenv_path` argument of `set_key` and `unset_key` now has a type of `Union[str,
+  os.PathLike]` instead of just `os.PathLike` (#347 by [@bbc2]).
+- The `stream` argument of `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` can now be a text stream
+  (`IO[str]`), which includes values like `io.StringIO("foo")` and `open("file.env",
+  "r")` (#348 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.18.0] - 2021-06-20
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Raise `ValueError` if `quote_mode` isn't one of `always`, `auto` or `never` in
+  `set_key` (#330 by [@bbc2]).
+- When writing a value to a .env file with `set_key` or `dotenv set <key> <value>` (#330
+  by [@bbc2]):
+  - Use single quotes instead of double quotes.
+  - Don't strip surrounding quotes.
+  - In `auto` mode, don't add quotes if the value is only made of alphanumeric characters
+    (as determined by `string.isalnum`).
+
+## [0.17.1] - 2021-04-29
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fixed tests for build environments relying on `PYTHONPATH` (#318 by [@befeleme]).
+
+## [0.17.0] - 2021-04-02
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `dotenv get <key>` only show the value, not `key=value` (#313 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--override`/`--no-override` option to `dotenv run` (#312 by [@zueve] and [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.16.0] - 2021-03-27
+
+**Changed**
+
+- The default value of the `encoding` parameter for `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` is
+  now `"utf-8"` instead of `None` (#306 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix resolution order in variable expansion with `override=False` (#287 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.15.0] - 2020-10-28
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--export` option to `set` to make it prepend the binding with `export` (#270 by
+  [@jadutter]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `set` command create the `.env` file in the current directory if no `.env` file was
+  found (#270 by [@jadutter]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix potentially empty expanded value for duplicate key (#260 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix import error on Python 3.5.0 and 3.5.1 (#267 by [@gongqingkui]).
+- Fix parsing of unquoted values containing several adjacent space or tab characters
+  (#277 by [@bbc2], review by [@x-yuri]).
+
+## [0.14.0] - 2020-07-03
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Privilege definition in file over the environment in variable expansion (#256 by
+  [@elbehery95]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Improve error message for when file isn't found (#245 by [@snobu]).
+- Use HTTPS URL in package meta data (#251 by [@ekohl]).
+
+## [0.13.0] - 2020-04-16
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for a Bash-like default value in variable expansion (#248 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.12.0] - 2020-02-28
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use current working directory to find `.env` when bundled by PyInstaller (#213 by
+  [@gergelyk]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix escaping of quoted values written by `set_key` (#236 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix `dotenv run` crashing on environment variables without values (#237 by [@yannham]).
+- Remove warning when last line is empty (#238 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.11.0] - 2020-02-07
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `interpolate` argument to `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to disable interpolation
+  (#232 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use logging instead of warnings (#231 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix installation in non-UTF-8 environments (#225 by [@altendky]).
+- Fix PyPI classifiers (#228 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.5] - 2020-01-19
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix handling of malformed lines and lines without a value (#222 by [@bbc2]):
+  - Don't print warning when key has no value.
+  - Reject more malformed lines (e.g. "A: B", "a='b',c").
+- Fix handling of lines with just a comment (#224 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.4] - 2020-01-17
+
+**Added**
+
+- Make typing optional (#179 by [@techalchemy]).
+- Print a warning on malformed line (#211 by [@bbc2]).
+- Support keys without a value (#220 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+- Improve interactive mode detection ([@andrewsmith])([#183]).
+- Refactor parser to fix parsing inconsistencies ([@bbc2])([#170]).
+  - Interpret escapes as control characters only in double-quoted strings.
+  - Interpret `#` as start of comment only if preceded by whitespace.
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+- Add type hints and expose them to users ([@qnighy])([#172])
+- `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` now accept an `encoding` parameter, defaults to `None`
+  ([@theskumar])([@earlbread])([#161])
+- Fix `str`/`unicode` inconsistency in Python 2: values are always `str` now. ([@bbc2])([#121])
+- Fix Unicode error in Python 2, introduced in 0.10.0. ([@bbc2])([#176])
+
+## 0.10.1
+- Fix parsing of variable without a value ([@asyncee])([@bbc2])([#158])
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+- Add support for UTF-8 in unquoted values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for trailing comments ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add backslashes support in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for newlines in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Force environment variables to str with Python2 on Windows ([@greyli])
+- Drop Python 3.3 support ([@greyli])
+- Fix stderr/-out/-in redirection ([@venthur])
+
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+- Add `--version` parameter to cli ([@venthur])
+- Enable loading from current directory ([@cjauvin])
+- Add 'dotenv run' command for calling arbitrary shell script with .env ([@venthur])
+
+## 0.8.1
+
+-   Add tests for docs ([@Flimm])
+-   Make 'cli' support optional. Use `pip install python-dotenv[cli]`. ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+-   `set_key` and `unset_key` only modified the affected file instead of
+    parsing and re-writing file, this causes comments and other file
+    entact as it is.
+-   Add support for `export` prefix in the line.
+-   Internal refractoring ([@theskumar])
+-   Allow `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to work with `StringIO())` ([@alanjds])([@theskumar])([#78])
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+-   Remove hard dependency on iPython ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+-   Add support to override system environment variable via .env.
+    ([@milonimrod](https://github.com/milonimrod))
+    ([\#63](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/63))
+-   Disable ".env not found" warning by default
+    ([@maxkoryukov](https://github.com/maxkoryukov))
+    ([\#57](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/57))
+
+## 0.6.5
+
+-   Add support for special characters `\`.
+    ([@pjona](https://github.com/pjona))
+    ([\#60](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/60))
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+-   Fix issue with single quotes ([@Flimm])
+    ([\#52](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/52))
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+-   Handle unicode exception in setup.py
+    ([\#46](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/46))
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+-   Fix dotenv list command ([@ticosax](https://github.com/ticosax))
+-   Add iPython Support
+    ([@tillahoffmann](https://github.com/tillahoffmann))
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+-   Drop support for Python 2.6
+-   Handle escaped characters and newlines in quoted values. (Thanks
+    [@iameugenejo](https://github.com/iameugenejo))
+-   Remove any spaces around unquoted key/value. (Thanks
+    [@paulochf](https://github.com/paulochf))
+-   Added POSIX variable expansion. (Thanks
+    [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla))
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+-   Fix find\_dotenv - it now start search from the file where this
+    function is called from.
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+-   Add `find_dotenv` method that will try to find a `.env` file.
+    (Thanks [@isms](https://github.com/isms))
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+-   cli: Added `-q/--quote` option to control the behaviour of quotes
+    around values in `.env`. (Thanks
+    [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla)).
+-   Improved test coverage.
+
+[#78]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/78
+[#121]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/121
+[#148]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/148
+[#158]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/158
+[#170]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/170
+[#172]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/172
+[#176]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/176
+[#183]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/183
+[#359]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/359
+[#469]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/469
+[#456]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/456
+[#466]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/466
+[#454]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/454
+[#474]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/474
+
+[@alanjds]: https://github.com/alanjds
+[@altendky]: https://github.com/altendky
+[@andrewsmith]: https://github.com/andrewsmith
+[@asyncee]: https://github.com/asyncee
+[@bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
+[@befeleme]: https://github.com/befeleme
+[@cjauvin]: https://github.com/cjauvin
+[@eaf]: https://github.com/eaf
+[@earlbread]: https://github.com/earlbread
+[@eggplants]: https://github.com/@eggplants
+[@ekohl]: https://github.com/ekohl
+[@elbehery95]: https://github.com/elbehery95
+[@eumiro]: https://github.com/eumiro
+[@Flimm]: https://github.com/Flimm
+[@freddyaboulton]: https://github.com/freddyaboulton
+[@gergelyk]: https://github.com/gergelyk
+[@gongqingkui]: https://github.com/gongqingkui
+[@greyli]: https://github.com/greyli
+[@harveer07]: https://github.com/@harveer07
+[@jadutter]: https://github.com/jadutter
+[@jankislinger]: https://github.com/jankislinger
+[@jctanner]: https://github.com/jctanner
+[@larsks]: https://github.com/@larsks
+[@lsmith77]: https://github.com/lsmith77
+[@mgorny]: https://github.com/mgorny
+[@naorlivne]: https://github.com/@naorlivne
+[@Nicals]: https://github.com/Nicals
+[@Nougat-Waffle]: https://github.com/Nougat-Waffle
+[@qnighy]: https://github.com/qnighy
+[@Qwerty-133]: https://github.com/Qwerty-133
+[@rabinadk1]: https://github.com/@rabinadk1
+[@sammck]: https://github.com/@sammck
+[@samwyma]: https://github.com/samwyma
+[@snobu]: https://github.com/snobu
+[@techalchemy]: https://github.com/techalchemy
+[@theGOTOguy]: https://github.com/theGOTOguy
+[@theskumar]: https://github.com/theskumar
+[@ulyssessouza]: https://github.com/ulyssessouza
+[@venthur]: https://github.com/venthur
+[@x-yuri]: https://github.com/x-yuri
+[@yannham]: https://github.com/yannham
+[@zueve]: https://github.com/zueve
+
+
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.1...HEAD
+[1.0.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.0...v1.0.1
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v1.0.0
+[0.21.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v0.21.1
+[0.21.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.20.0...v0.21.0
+[0.20.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.2...v0.20.0
+[0.19.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.1...v0.19.2
+[0.19.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.0...v0.19.1
+[0.19.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.18.0...v0.19.0
+[0.18.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.1...v0.18.0
+[0.17.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.0...v0.17.1
+[0.17.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.16.0...v0.17.0
+[0.16.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.15.0...v0.16.0
+[0.15.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.14.0...v0.15.0
+[0.14.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0
+[0.13.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.12.0...v0.13.0
+[0.12.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0
+[0.11.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.5...v0.11.0
+[0.10.5]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.4...v0.10.5
+[0.10.4]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.3...v0.10.4
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48743a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+../../../bin/dotenv,sha256=xTG1P6ToUWrnbAppopxUjSL1eKulYeFoF4b2Js0CU4Q,236
+dotenv/__init__.py,sha256=WBU5SfSiKAhS3hzu17ykNuuwbuwyDCX91Szv4vUeOuM,1292
+dotenv/__main__.py,sha256=N0RhLG7nHIqtlJHwwepIo-zbJPNx9sewCCRGY528h_4,129
+dotenv/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/ipython.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/parser.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+dotenv/variables.py,sha256=CD0qXOvvpB3q5RpBQMD9qX6vHX7SyW-SuiwGMFSlt08,2348
+dotenv/version.py,sha256=d4QHYmS_30j0hPN8NmNPnQ_Z0TphDRbu4MtQj9cT9e8,22
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=gGGbcEnwjIFoOtDgHwjyV6hAZS3XHugxRtNmWMfSwrk,1556
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=fCkcTEUG3zknbuN1BK8e0PPCIgvPBLk-LneK0mRDM_s,23170
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=oiQVh_5PnQM0E3gPdiz09WCNmwiHDMaGer_elqB3coM,92
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=yRl1rCbswb1nQTQ_gZRlCw5QfabztUGnfGWLhlXFNdI,47
+python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=eyqUH4SHJNr6ahOYlxIunTr4XinE8Z5ajWLdrK3r0D8,7
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c0d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.42.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a86823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+dotenv = dotenv.__main__:cli
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe7c01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.0.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+dotenv
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eb165a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-rust"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+once_cell = "1"
+cfg-if = "1"
+pyo3.workspace = true
+asn1.workspace = true
+cryptography-cffi = { path = "cryptography-cffi" }
+cryptography-keepalive = { path = "cryptography-keepalive" }
+cryptography-key-parsing = { path = "cryptography-key-parsing" }
+cryptography-x509 = { path = "cryptography-x509" }
+cryptography-x509-verification = { path = "cryptography-x509-verification" }
+cryptography-openssl = { path = "cryptography-openssl" }
+pem = { version = "3", default-features = false }
+openssl = "0.10.68"
+openssl-sys = "0.9.104"
+foreign-types-shared = "0.1"
+self_cell = "1"
+
+[features]
+extension-module = ["pyo3/extension-module"]
+default = ["extension-module"]
+
+[lib]
+name = "cryptography_rust"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_300_OR_GREATER)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_309_OR_GREATER)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_320_OR_GREATER)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OSSLCONF, values("OPENSSL_NO_IDEA", "OPENSSL_NO_CAST", "OPENSSL_NO_BF", "OPENSSL_NO_CAMELLIA", "OPENSSL_NO_SEED", "OPENSSL_NO_SM4"))'] }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-cffi/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-cffi/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9408de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-cffi/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-cffi"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+pyo3.workspace = true
+openssl-sys = "0.9.104"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cc = "1.2.1"
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(python_implementation, values("CPython", "PyPy"))'] }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-keepalive/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-keepalive/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baf8d93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-keepalive/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-keepalive"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+pyo3.workspace = true
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-key-parsing/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-key-parsing/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b96b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-key-parsing/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-key-parsing"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+asn1.workspace = true
+cfg-if = "1"
+openssl = "0.10.68"
+openssl-sys = "0.9.104"
+cryptography-x509 = { path = "../cryptography-x509" }
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL)'] }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-openssl/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-openssl/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4c17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-openssl/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-openssl"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+cfg-if = "1"
+openssl = "0.10.68"
+ffi = { package = "openssl-sys", version = "0.9.101" }
+foreign-types = "0.3"
+foreign-types-shared = "0.1"
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_300_OR_GREATER)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_320_OR_GREATER)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_LIBRESSL)', 'cfg(CRYPTOGRAPHY_IS_BORINGSSL)'] }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509-verification/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509-verification/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cc2ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509-verification/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-x509-verification"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+asn1.workspace = true
+cryptography-x509 = { path = "../cryptography-x509" }
+cryptography-key-parsing = { path = "../cryptography-key-parsing" }
+once_cell = "1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pem = { version = "3", default-features = false }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509/Cargo.toml b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f2c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rust/cryptography-x509/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "cryptography-x509"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["The cryptography developers <cryptography-dev@python.org>"]
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+# This specifies the MSRV
+rust-version = "1.65.0"
+
+[dependencies]
+asn1.workspace = true
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c37cae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2007 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e495b3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: Werkzeug
+Version: 3.1.3
+Summary: The comprehensive WSGI web application library.
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Middleware
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: MarkupSafe>=2.1.1
+Requires-Dist: watchdog>=2.3 ; extra == "watchdog"
+Project-URL: Changes, https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Issue Tracker, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues/
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/
+Provides-Extra: watchdog
+
+# Werkzeug
+
+*werkzeug* German noun: "tool". Etymology: *werk* ("work"), *zeug* ("stuff")
+
+Werkzeug is a comprehensive [WSGI][] web application library. It began as
+a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has
+become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.
+
+It includes:
+
+-   An interactive debugger that allows inspecting stack traces and
+    source code in the browser with an interactive interpreter for any
+    frame in the stack.
+-   A full-featured request object with objects to interact with
+    headers, query args, form data, files, and cookies.
+-   A response object that can wrap other WSGI applications and handle
+    streaming data.
+-   A routing system for matching URLs to endpoints and generating URLs
+    for endpoints, with an extensible system for capturing variables
+    from URLs.
+-   HTTP utilities to handle entity tags, cache control, dates, user
+    agents, cookies, files, and more.
+-   A threaded WSGI server for use while developing applications
+    locally.
+-   A test client for simulating HTTP requests during testing without
+    requiring running a server.
+
+Werkzeug doesn't enforce any dependencies. It is up to the developer to
+choose a template engine, database adapter, and even how to handle
+requests. It can be used to build all sorts of end user applications
+such as blogs, wikis, or bulletin boards.
+
+[Flask][] wraps Werkzeug, using it to handle the details of WSGI while
+providing more structure and patterns for defining powerful
+applications.
+
+[WSGI]: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+[Flask]: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+# save this as app.py
+from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
+
+@Request.application
+def application(request: Request) -> Response:
+    return Response("Hello, World!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
+    run_simple("127.0.0.1", 5000, application)
+```
+
+```
+$ python -m app
+  * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Werkzeug and other
+popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and
+users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects,
+[please donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c6fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug-3.1.3.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.10.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b248fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .serving import run_simple as run_simple
+from .test import Client as Client
+from .wrappers import Request as Request
+from .wrappers import Response as Response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/local.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/local.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/testapp.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/testapp.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/urls.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/urls.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/user_agent.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/user_agent.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_internal.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_internal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dd2fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_internal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timezone
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .wrappers.request import Request
+
+_logger: logging.Logger | None = None
+
+
+class _Missing:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "no value"
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> str:
+        return "_missing"
+
+
+_missing = _Missing()
+
+
+def _wsgi_decoding_dance(s: str) -> str:
+    return s.encode("latin1").decode(errors="replace")
+
+
+def _wsgi_encoding_dance(s: str) -> str:
+    return s.encode().decode("latin1")
+
+
+def _get_environ(obj: WSGIEnvironment | Request) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+    env = getattr(obj, "environ", obj)
+    assert isinstance(
+        env, dict
+    ), f"{type(obj).__name__!r} is not a WSGI environment (has to be a dict)"
+    return env
+
+
+def _has_level_handler(logger: logging.Logger) -> bool:
+    """Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle
+    the given logger's effective level.
+    """
+    level = logger.getEffectiveLevel()
+    current = logger
+
+    while current:
+        if any(handler.level <= level for handler in current.handlers):
+            return True
+
+        if not current.propagate:
+            break
+
+        current = current.parent  # type: ignore
+
+    return False
+
+
+class _ColorStreamHandler(logging.StreamHandler):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    """On Windows, wrap stream with Colorama for ANSI style support."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            import colorama
+        except ImportError:
+            stream = None
+        else:
+            stream = colorama.AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr)
+
+        super().__init__(stream)
+
+
+def _log(type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+    """Log a message to the 'werkzeug' logger.
+
+    The logger is created the first time it is needed. If there is no
+    level set, it is set to :data:`logging.INFO`. If there is no handler
+    for the logger's effective level, a :class:`logging.StreamHandler`
+    is added.
+    """
+    global _logger
+
+    if _logger is None:
+        _logger = logging.getLogger("werkzeug")
+
+        if _logger.level == logging.NOTSET:
+            _logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+        if not _has_level_handler(_logger):
+            _logger.addHandler(_ColorStreamHandler())
+
+    getattr(_logger, type)(message.rstrip(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def _dt_as_utc(dt: None) -> None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def _dt_as_utc(dt: datetime) -> datetime: ...
+
+
+def _dt_as_utc(dt: datetime | None) -> datetime | None:
+    if dt is None:
+        return dt
+
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        return dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    elif dt.tzinfo != timezone.utc:
+        return dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+
+    return dt
+
+
+_TAccessorValue = t.TypeVar("_TAccessorValue")
+
+
+class _DictAccessorProperty(t.Generic[_TAccessorValue]):
+    """Baseclass for `environ_property` and `header_property`."""
+
+    read_only = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: _TAccessorValue | None = None,
+        load_func: t.Callable[[str], _TAccessorValue] | None = None,
+        dump_func: t.Callable[[_TAccessorValue], str] | None = None,
+        read_only: bool | None = None,
+        doc: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.default = default
+        self.load_func = load_func
+        self.dump_func = dump_func
+        if read_only is not None:
+            self.read_only = read_only
+        self.__doc__ = doc
+
+    def lookup(self, instance: t.Any) -> t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: None, owner: type
+    ) -> _DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: t.Any, owner: type) -> _TAccessorValue: ...
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: t.Any | None, owner: type
+    ) -> _TAccessorValue | _DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]:
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+
+        storage = self.lookup(instance)
+
+        if self.name not in storage:
+            return self.default  # type: ignore
+
+        value = storage[self.name]
+
+        if self.load_func is not None:
+            try:
+                return self.load_func(value)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                return self.default  # type: ignore
+
+        return value  # type: ignore
+
+    def __set__(self, instance: t.Any, value: _TAccessorValue) -> None:
+        if self.read_only:
+            raise AttributeError("read only property")
+
+        if self.dump_func is not None:
+            self.lookup(instance)[self.name] = self.dump_func(value)
+        else:
+            self.lookup(instance)[self.name] = value
+
+    def __delete__(self, instance: t.Any) -> None:
+        if self.read_only:
+            raise AttributeError("read only property")
+
+        self.lookup(instance).pop(self.name, None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+
+_plain_int_re = re.compile(r"-?\d+", re.ASCII)
+
+
+def _plain_int(value: str) -> int:
+    """Parse an int only if it is only ASCII digits and ``-``.
+
+    This disallows ``+``, ``_``, and non-ASCII digits, which are accepted by ``int`` but
+    are not allowed in HTTP header values.
+
+    Any leading or trailing whitespace is stripped
+    """
+    value = value.strip()
+    if _plain_int_re.fullmatch(value) is None:
+        raise ValueError
+
+    return int(value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_reloader.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_reloader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fd50b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/_reloader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import fnmatch
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import typing as t
+from itertools import chain
+from pathlib import PurePath
+
+from ._internal import _log
+
+# The various system prefixes where imports are found. Base values are
+# different when running in a virtualenv. All reloaders will ignore the
+# base paths (usually the system installation). The stat reloader won't
+# scan the virtualenv paths, it will only include modules that are
+# already imported.
+_ignore_always = tuple({sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix})
+prefix = {*_ignore_always, sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix}
+
+if hasattr(sys, "real_prefix"):
+    # virtualenv < 20
+    prefix.add(sys.real_prefix)
+
+_stat_ignore_scan = tuple(prefix)
+del prefix
+_ignore_common_dirs = {
+    "__pycache__",
+    ".git",
+    ".hg",
+    ".tox",
+    ".nox",
+    ".pytest_cache",
+    ".mypy_cache",
+}
+
+
+def _iter_module_paths() -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    """Find the filesystem paths associated with imported modules."""
+    # List is in case the value is modified by the app while updating.
+    for module in list(sys.modules.values()):
+        name = getattr(module, "__file__", None)
+
+        if name is None or name.startswith(_ignore_always):
+            continue
+
+        while not os.path.isfile(name):
+            # Zip file, find the base file without the module path.
+            old = name
+            name = os.path.dirname(name)
+
+            if name == old:  # skip if it was all directories somehow
+                break
+        else:
+            yield name
+
+
+def _remove_by_pattern(paths: set[str], exclude_patterns: set[str]) -> None:
+    for pattern in exclude_patterns:
+        paths.difference_update(fnmatch.filter(paths, pattern))
+
+
+def _find_stat_paths(
+    extra_files: set[str], exclude_patterns: set[str]
+) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+    """Find paths for the stat reloader to watch. Returns imported
+    module files, Python files under non-system paths. Extra files and
+    Python files under extra directories can also be scanned.
+
+    System paths have to be excluded for efficiency. Non-system paths,
+    such as a project root or ``sys.path.insert``, should be the paths
+    of interest to the user anyway.
+    """
+    paths = set()
+
+    for path in chain(list(sys.path), extra_files):
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+
+        if os.path.isfile(path):
+            # zip file on sys.path, or extra file
+            paths.add(path)
+            continue
+
+        parent_has_py = {os.path.dirname(path): True}
+
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+            # Optimizations: ignore system prefixes, __pycache__ will
+            # have a py or pyc module at the import path, ignore some
+            # common known dirs such as version control and tool caches.
+            if (
+                root.startswith(_stat_ignore_scan)
+                or os.path.basename(root) in _ignore_common_dirs
+            ):
+                dirs.clear()
+                continue
+
+            has_py = False
+
+            for name in files:
+                if name.endswith((".py", ".pyc")):
+                    has_py = True
+                    paths.add(os.path.join(root, name))
+
+            # Optimization: stop scanning a directory if neither it nor
+            # its parent contained Python files.
+            if not (has_py or parent_has_py[os.path.dirname(root)]):
+                dirs.clear()
+                continue
+
+            parent_has_py[root] = has_py
+
+    paths.update(_iter_module_paths())
+    _remove_by_pattern(paths, exclude_patterns)
+    return paths
+
+
+def _find_watchdog_paths(
+    extra_files: set[str], exclude_patterns: set[str]
+) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+    """Find paths for the stat reloader to watch. Looks at the same
+    sources as the stat reloader, but watches everything under
+    directories instead of individual files.
+    """
+    dirs = set()
+
+    for name in chain(list(sys.path), extra_files):
+        name = os.path.abspath(name)
+
+        if os.path.isfile(name):
+            name = os.path.dirname(name)
+
+        dirs.add(name)
+
+    for name in _iter_module_paths():
+        dirs.add(os.path.dirname(name))
+
+    _remove_by_pattern(dirs, exclude_patterns)
+    return _find_common_roots(dirs)
+
+
+def _find_common_roots(paths: t.Iterable[str]) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+    root: dict[str, dict[str, t.Any]] = {}
+
+    for chunks in sorted((PurePath(x).parts for x in paths), key=len, reverse=True):
+        node = root
+
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            node = node.setdefault(chunk, {})
+
+        node.clear()
+
+    rv = set()
+
+    def _walk(node: t.Mapping[str, dict[str, t.Any]], path: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+        for prefix, child in node.items():
+            _walk(child, path + (prefix,))
+
+        # If there are no more nodes, and a path has been accumulated, add it.
+        # Path may be empty if the "" entry is in sys.path.
+        if not node and path:
+            rv.add(os.path.join(*path))
+
+    _walk(root, ())
+    return rv
+
+
+def _get_args_for_reloading() -> list[str]:
+    """Determine how the script was executed, and return the args needed
+    to execute it again in a new process.
+    """
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        # sys.orig_argv, added in Python 3.10, contains the exact args used to invoke
+        # Python. Still replace argv[0] with sys.executable for accuracy.
+        return [sys.executable, *sys.orig_argv[1:]]
+
+    rv = [sys.executable]
+    py_script = sys.argv[0]
+    args = sys.argv[1:]
+    # Need to look at main module to determine how it was executed.
+    __main__ = sys.modules["__main__"]
+
+    # The value of __package__ indicates how Python was called. It may
+    # not exist if a setuptools script is installed as an egg. It may be
+    # set incorrectly for entry points created with pip on Windows.
+    if getattr(__main__, "__package__", None) is None or (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and __main__.__package__ == ""
+        and not os.path.exists(py_script)
+        and os.path.exists(f"{py_script}.exe")
+    ):
+        # Executed a file, like "python app.py".
+        py_script = os.path.abspath(py_script)
+
+        if os.name == "nt":
+            # Windows entry points have ".exe" extension and should be
+            # called directly.
+            if not os.path.exists(py_script) and os.path.exists(f"{py_script}.exe"):
+                py_script += ".exe"
+
+            if (
+                os.path.splitext(sys.executable)[1] == ".exe"
+                and os.path.splitext(py_script)[1] == ".exe"
+            ):
+                rv.pop(0)
+
+        rv.append(py_script)
+    else:
+        # Executed a module, like "python -m werkzeug.serving".
+        if os.path.isfile(py_script):
+            # Rewritten by Python from "-m script" to "/path/to/script.py".
+            py_module = t.cast(str, __main__.__package__)
+            name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(py_script))[0]
+
+            if name != "__main__":
+                py_module += f".{name}"
+        else:
+            # Incorrectly rewritten by pydevd debugger from "-m script" to "script".
+            py_module = py_script
+
+        rv.extend(("-m", py_module.lstrip(".")))
+
+    rv.extend(args)
+    return rv
+
+
+class ReloaderLoop:
+    name = ""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        extra_files: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        exclude_patterns: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        interval: int | float = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.extra_files: set[str] = {os.path.abspath(x) for x in extra_files or ()}
+        self.exclude_patterns: set[str] = set(exclude_patterns or ())
+        self.interval = interval
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ReloaderLoop:
+        """Do any setup, then run one step of the watch to populate the
+        initial filesystem state.
+        """
+        self.run_step()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):  # type: ignore
+        """Clean up any resources associated with the reloader."""
+        pass
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        """Continually run the watch step, sleeping for the configured
+        interval after each step.
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.run_step()
+            time.sleep(self.interval)
+
+    def run_step(self) -> None:
+        """Run one step for watching the filesystem. Called once to set
+        up initial state, then repeatedly to update it.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def restart_with_reloader(self) -> int:
+        """Spawn a new Python interpreter with the same arguments as the
+        current one, but running the reloader thread.
+        """
+        while True:
+            _log("info", f" * Restarting with {self.name}")
+            args = _get_args_for_reloading()
+            new_environ = os.environ.copy()
+            new_environ["WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN"] = "true"
+            exit_code = subprocess.call(args, env=new_environ, close_fds=False)
+
+            if exit_code != 3:
+                return exit_code
+
+    def trigger_reload(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        self.log_reload(filename)
+        sys.exit(3)
+
+    def log_reload(self, filename: str | bytes) -> None:
+        filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
+        _log("info", f" * Detected change in {filename!r}, reloading")
+
+
+class StatReloaderLoop(ReloaderLoop):
+    name = "stat"
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ReloaderLoop:
+        self.mtimes: dict[str, float] = {}
+        return super().__enter__()
+
+    def run_step(self) -> None:
+        for name in _find_stat_paths(self.extra_files, self.exclude_patterns):
+            try:
+                mtime = os.stat(name).st_mtime
+            except OSError:
+                continue
+
+            old_time = self.mtimes.get(name)
+
+            if old_time is None:
+                self.mtimes[name] = mtime
+                continue
+
+            if mtime > old_time:
+                self.trigger_reload(name)
+
+
+class WatchdogReloaderLoop(ReloaderLoop):
+    def __init__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        from watchdog.events import EVENT_TYPE_CLOSED
+        from watchdog.events import EVENT_TYPE_CREATED
+        from watchdog.events import EVENT_TYPE_DELETED
+        from watchdog.events import EVENT_TYPE_MODIFIED
+        from watchdog.events import EVENT_TYPE_MOVED
+        from watchdog.events import FileModifiedEvent
+        from watchdog.events import PatternMatchingEventHandler
+        from watchdog.observers import Observer
+
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        trigger_reload = self.trigger_reload
+
+        class EventHandler(PatternMatchingEventHandler):
+            def on_any_event(self, event: FileModifiedEvent):  # type: ignore
+                if event.event_type not in {
+                    EVENT_TYPE_CLOSED,
+                    EVENT_TYPE_CREATED,
+                    EVENT_TYPE_DELETED,
+                    EVENT_TYPE_MODIFIED,
+                    EVENT_TYPE_MOVED,
+                }:
+                    # skip events that don't involve changes to the file
+                    return
+
+                trigger_reload(event.src_path)
+
+        reloader_name = Observer.__name__.lower()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        if reloader_name.endswith("observer"):
+            reloader_name = reloader_name[:-8]
+
+        self.name = f"watchdog ({reloader_name})"
+        self.observer = Observer()
+        # Extra patterns can be non-Python files, match them in addition
+        # to all Python files in default and extra directories. Ignore
+        # __pycache__ since a change there will always have a change to
+        # the source file (or initial pyc file) as well. Ignore Git and
+        # Mercurial internal changes.
+        extra_patterns = [p for p in self.extra_files if not os.path.isdir(p)]
+        self.event_handler = EventHandler(
+            patterns=["*.py", "*.pyc", "*.zip", *extra_patterns],
+            ignore_patterns=[
+                *[f"*/{d}/*" for d in _ignore_common_dirs],
+                *self.exclude_patterns,
+            ],
+        )
+        self.should_reload = False
+
+    def trigger_reload(self, filename: str | bytes) -> None:
+        # This is called inside an event handler, which means throwing
+        # SystemExit has no effect.
+        # https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog/issues/294
+        self.should_reload = True
+        self.log_reload(filename)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ReloaderLoop:
+        self.watches: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.observer.start()
+        return super().__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):  # type: ignore
+        self.observer.stop()
+        self.observer.join()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self.should_reload:
+            self.run_step()
+            time.sleep(self.interval)
+
+        sys.exit(3)
+
+    def run_step(self) -> None:
+        to_delete = set(self.watches)
+
+        for path in _find_watchdog_paths(self.extra_files, self.exclude_patterns):
+            if path not in self.watches:
+                try:
+                    self.watches[path] = self.observer.schedule(
+                        self.event_handler, path, recursive=True
+                    )
+                except OSError:
+                    # Clear this path from list of watches We don't want
+                    # the same error message showing again in the next
+                    # iteration.
+                    self.watches[path] = None
+
+            to_delete.discard(path)
+
+        for path in to_delete:
+            watch = self.watches.pop(path, None)
+
+            if watch is not None:
+                self.observer.unschedule(watch)
+
+
+reloader_loops: dict[str, type[ReloaderLoop]] = {
+    "stat": StatReloaderLoop,
+    "watchdog": WatchdogReloaderLoop,
+}
+
+try:
+    __import__("watchdog.observers")
+except ImportError:
+    reloader_loops["auto"] = reloader_loops["stat"]
+else:
+    reloader_loops["auto"] = reloader_loops["watchdog"]
+
+
+def ensure_echo_on() -> None:
+    """Ensure that echo mode is enabled. Some tools such as PDB disable
+    it which causes usability issues after a reload."""
+    # tcgetattr will fail if stdin isn't a tty
+    if sys.stdin is None or not sys.stdin.isatty():
+        return
+
+    try:
+        import termios
+    except ImportError:
+        return
+
+    attributes = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
+
+    if not attributes[3] & termios.ECHO:
+        attributes[3] |= termios.ECHO
+        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSANOW, attributes)
+
+
+def run_with_reloader(
+    main_func: t.Callable[[], None],
+    extra_files: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    exclude_patterns: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    interval: int | float = 1,
+    reloader_type: str = "auto",
+) -> None:
+    """Run the given function in an independent Python interpreter."""
+    import signal
+
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda *args: sys.exit(0))
+    reloader = reloader_loops[reloader_type](
+        extra_files=extra_files, exclude_patterns=exclude_patterns, interval=interval
+    )
+
+    try:
+        if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true":
+            ensure_echo_on()
+            t = threading.Thread(target=main_func, args=())
+            t.daemon = True
+
+            # Enter the reloader to set up initial state, then start
+            # the app thread and reloader update loop.
+            with reloader:
+                t.start()
+                reloader.run()
+        else:
+            sys.exit(reloader.restart_with_reloader())
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6582de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from .accept import Accept as Accept
+from .accept import CharsetAccept as CharsetAccept
+from .accept import LanguageAccept as LanguageAccept
+from .accept import MIMEAccept as MIMEAccept
+from .auth import Authorization as Authorization
+from .auth import WWWAuthenticate as WWWAuthenticate
+from .cache_control import RequestCacheControl as RequestCacheControl
+from .cache_control import ResponseCacheControl as ResponseCacheControl
+from .csp import ContentSecurityPolicy as ContentSecurityPolicy
+from .etag import ETags as ETags
+from .file_storage import FileMultiDict as FileMultiDict
+from .file_storage import FileStorage as FileStorage
+from .headers import EnvironHeaders as EnvironHeaders
+from .headers import Headers as Headers
+from .mixins import ImmutableDictMixin as ImmutableDictMixin
+from .mixins import ImmutableHeadersMixin as ImmutableHeadersMixin
+from .mixins import ImmutableListMixin as ImmutableListMixin
+from .mixins import ImmutableMultiDictMixin as ImmutableMultiDictMixin
+from .mixins import UpdateDictMixin as UpdateDictMixin
+from .range import ContentRange as ContentRange
+from .range import IfRange as IfRange
+from .range import Range as Range
+from .structures import CallbackDict as CallbackDict
+from .structures import CombinedMultiDict as CombinedMultiDict
+from .structures import HeaderSet as HeaderSet
+from .structures import ImmutableDict as ImmutableDict
+from .structures import ImmutableList as ImmutableList
+from .structures import ImmutableMultiDict as ImmutableMultiDict
+from .structures import ImmutableTypeConversionDict as ImmutableTypeConversionDict
+from .structures import iter_multi_items as iter_multi_items
+from .structures import MultiDict as MultiDict
+from .structures import TypeConversionDict as TypeConversionDict
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> t.Any:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "OrderedMultiDict":
+        from .structures import _OrderedMultiDict
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OrderedMultiDict' is deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug"
+            " 3.2. Use 'MultiDict' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _OrderedMultiDict
+
+    if name == "ImmutableOrderedMultiDict":
+        from .structures import _ImmutableOrderedMultiDict
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OrderedMultiDict' is deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug"
+            " 3.2. Use 'ImmutableMultiDict' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _ImmutableOrderedMultiDict
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/accept.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/accept.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44179a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/accept.py
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import re
+import typing as t
+
+from .structures import ImmutableList
+
+
+class Accept(ImmutableList[tuple[str, float]]):
+    """An :class:`Accept` object is just a list subclass for lists of
+    ``(value, quality)`` tuples.  It is automatically sorted by specificity
+    and quality.
+
+    All :class:`Accept` objects work similar to a list but provide extra
+    functionality for working with the data.  Containment checks are
+    normalized to the rules of that header:
+
+    >>> a = CharsetAccept([('ISO-8859-1', 1), ('utf-8', 0.7)])
+    >>> a.best
+    'ISO-8859-1'
+    >>> 'iso-8859-1' in a
+    True
+    >>> 'UTF8' in a
+    True
+    >>> 'utf7' in a
+    False
+
+    To get the quality for an item you can use normal item lookup:
+
+    >>> print a['utf-8']
+    0.7
+    >>> a['utf7']
+    0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+       :class:`Accept` objects are forced immutable now.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+       :class:`Accept` internal values are no longer ordered
+       alphabetically for equal quality tags. Instead the initial
+       order is preserved.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, values: Accept | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, float]] | None = ()
+    ) -> None:
+        if values is None:
+            super().__init__()
+            self.provided = False
+        elif isinstance(values, Accept):
+            self.provided = values.provided
+            super().__init__(values)
+        else:
+            self.provided = True
+            values = sorted(
+                values, key=lambda x: (self._specificity(x[0]), x[1]), reverse=True
+            )
+            super().__init__(values)
+
+    def _specificity(self, value: str) -> tuple[bool, ...]:
+        """Returns a tuple describing the value's specificity."""
+        return (value != "*",)
+
+    def _value_matches(self, value: str, item: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a value matches a given accept item."""
+        return item == "*" or item.lower() == value.lower()
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> float: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: t.SupportsIndex) -> tuple[str, float]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> list[tuple[str, float]]: ...
+    def __getitem__(
+        self, key: str | t.SupportsIndex | slice
+    ) -> float | tuple[str, float] | list[tuple[str, float]]:
+        """Besides index lookup (getting item n) you can also pass it a string
+        to get the quality for the item.  If the item is not in the list, the
+        returned quality is ``0``.
+        """
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            return self.quality(key)
+        return list.__getitem__(self, key)
+
+    def quality(self, key: str) -> float:
+        """Returns the quality of the key.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+           In previous versions you had to use the item-lookup syntax
+           (eg: ``obj[key]`` instead of ``obj.quality(key)``)
+        """
+        for item, quality in self:
+            if self._value_matches(key, item):
+                return quality
+        return 0
+
+    def __contains__(self, value: str) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        for item, _quality in self:
+            if self._value_matches(value, item):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        pairs_str = ", ".join(f"({x!r}, {y})" for x, y in self)
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}([{pairs_str}])"
+
+    def index(self, key: str | tuple[str, float]) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Get the position of an entry or raise :exc:`ValueError`.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+           This used to raise :exc:`IndexError`, which was inconsistent
+           with the list API.
+        """
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            for idx, (item, _quality) in enumerate(self):
+                if self._value_matches(key, item):
+                    return idx
+            raise ValueError(key)
+        return list.index(self, key)
+
+    def find(self, key: str | tuple[str, float]) -> int:
+        """Get the position of an entry or return -1.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.index(key)
+        except ValueError:
+            return -1
+
+    def values(self) -> cabc.Iterator[str]:
+        """Iterate over all values."""
+        for item in self:
+            yield item[0]
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert the header set into an HTTP header string."""
+        result = []
+        for value, quality in self:
+            if quality != 1:
+                value = f"{value};q={quality}"
+            result.append(value)
+        return ",".join(result)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def _best_single_match(self, match: str) -> tuple[str, float] | None:
+        for client_item, quality in self:
+            if self._value_matches(match, client_item):
+                # self is sorted by specificity descending, we can exit
+                return client_item, quality
+        return None
+
+    @t.overload
+    def best_match(self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> str | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def best_match(self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str], default: str = ...) -> str: ...
+    def best_match(
+        self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str], default: str | None = None
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the best match from a list of possible matches based
+        on the specificity and quality of the client. If two items have the
+        same quality and specificity, the one is returned that comes first.
+
+        :param matches: a list of matches to check for
+        :param default: the value that is returned if none match
+        """
+        result = default
+        best_quality: float = -1
+        best_specificity: tuple[float, ...] = (-1,)
+        for server_item in matches:
+            match = self._best_single_match(server_item)
+            if not match:
+                continue
+            client_item, quality = match
+            specificity = self._specificity(client_item)
+            if quality <= 0 or quality < best_quality:
+                continue
+            # better quality or same quality but more specific => better match
+            if quality > best_quality or specificity > best_specificity:
+                result = server_item
+                best_quality = quality
+                best_specificity = specificity
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def best(self) -> str | None:
+        """The best match as value."""
+        if self:
+            return self[0][0]
+
+        return None
+
+
+_mime_split_re = re.compile(r"/|(?:\s*;\s*)")
+
+
+def _normalize_mime(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    return _mime_split_re.split(value.lower())
+
+
+class MIMEAccept(Accept):
+    """Like :class:`Accept` but with special methods and behavior for
+    mimetypes.
+    """
+
+    def _specificity(self, value: str) -> tuple[bool, ...]:
+        return tuple(x != "*" for x in _mime_split_re.split(value))
+
+    def _value_matches(self, value: str, item: str) -> bool:
+        # item comes from the client, can't match if it's invalid.
+        if "/" not in item:
+            return False
+
+        # value comes from the application, tell the developer when it
+        # doesn't look valid.
+        if "/" not in value:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid mimetype {value!r}")
+
+        # Split the match value into type, subtype, and a sorted list of parameters.
+        normalized_value = _normalize_mime(value)
+        value_type, value_subtype = normalized_value[:2]
+        value_params = sorted(normalized_value[2:])
+
+        # "*/*" is the only valid value that can start with "*".
+        if value_type == "*" and value_subtype != "*":
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid mimetype {value!r}")
+
+        # Split the accept item into type, subtype, and parameters.
+        normalized_item = _normalize_mime(item)
+        item_type, item_subtype = normalized_item[:2]
+        item_params = sorted(normalized_item[2:])
+
+        # "*/not-*" from the client is invalid, can't match.
+        if item_type == "*" and item_subtype != "*":
+            return False
+
+        return (
+            (item_type == "*" and item_subtype == "*")
+            or (value_type == "*" and value_subtype == "*")
+        ) or (
+            item_type == value_type
+            and (
+                item_subtype == "*"
+                or value_subtype == "*"
+                or (item_subtype == value_subtype and item_params == value_params)
+            )
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def accept_html(self) -> bool:
+        """True if this object accepts HTML."""
+        return "text/html" in self or self.accept_xhtml  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+
+    @property
+    def accept_xhtml(self) -> bool:
+        """True if this object accepts XHTML."""
+        return "application/xhtml+xml" in self or "application/xml" in self  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+
+    @property
+    def accept_json(self) -> bool:
+        """True if this object accepts JSON."""
+        return "application/json" in self  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+
+
+_locale_delim_re = re.compile(r"[_-]")
+
+
+def _normalize_lang(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Process a language tag for matching."""
+    return _locale_delim_re.split(value.lower())
+
+
+class LanguageAccept(Accept):
+    """Like :class:`Accept` but with normalization for language tags."""
+
+    def _value_matches(self, value: str, item: str) -> bool:
+        return item == "*" or _normalize_lang(value) == _normalize_lang(item)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def best_match(self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> str | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def best_match(self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str], default: str = ...) -> str: ...
+    def best_match(
+        self, matches: cabc.Iterable[str], default: str | None = None
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """Given a list of supported values, finds the best match from
+        the list of accepted values.
+
+        Language tags are normalized for the purpose of matching, but
+        are returned unchanged.
+
+        If no exact match is found, this will fall back to matching
+        the first subtag (primary language only), first with the
+        accepted values then with the match values. This partial is not
+        applied to any other language subtags.
+
+        The default is returned if no exact or fallback match is found.
+
+        :param matches: A list of supported languages to find a match.
+        :param default: The value that is returned if none match.
+        """
+        # Look for an exact match first. If a client accepts "en-US",
+        # "en-US" is a valid match at this point.
+        result = super().best_match(matches)
+
+        if result is not None:
+            return result
+
+        # Fall back to accepting primary tags. If a client accepts
+        # "en-US", "en" is a valid match at this point. Need to use
+        # re.split to account for 2 or 3 letter codes.
+        fallback = Accept(
+            [(_locale_delim_re.split(item[0], 1)[0], item[1]) for item in self]
+        )
+        result = fallback.best_match(matches)
+
+        if result is not None:
+            return result
+
+        # Fall back to matching primary tags. If the client accepts
+        # "en", "en-US" is a valid match at this point.
+        fallback_matches = [_locale_delim_re.split(item, 1)[0] for item in matches]
+        result = super().best_match(fallback_matches)
+
+        # Return a value from the original match list. Find the first
+        # original value that starts with the matched primary tag.
+        if result is not None:
+            return next(item for item in matches if item.startswith(result))
+
+        return default
+
+
+class CharsetAccept(Accept):
+    """Like :class:`Accept` but with normalization for charsets."""
+
+    def _value_matches(self, value: str, item: str) -> bool:
+        def _normalize(name: str) -> str:
+            try:
+                return codecs.lookup(name).name
+            except LookupError:
+                return name.lower()
+
+        return item == "*" or _normalize(value) == _normalize(item)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42f7aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+
+from ..http import dump_header
+from ..http import parse_dict_header
+from ..http import quote_header_value
+from .structures import CallbackDict
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+
+class Authorization:
+    """Represents the parts of an ``Authorization`` request header.
+
+    :attr:`.Request.authorization` returns an instance if the header is set.
+
+    An instance can be used with the test :class:`.Client` request methods' ``auth``
+    parameter to send the header in test requests.
+
+    Depending on the auth scheme, either :attr:`parameters` or :attr:`token` will be
+    set. The ``Basic`` scheme's token is decoded into the ``username`` and ``password``
+    parameters.
+
+    For convenience, ``auth["key"]`` and ``auth.key`` both access the key in the
+    :attr:`parameters` dict, along with ``auth.get("key")`` and ``"key" in auth``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``token`` parameter and attribute was added to support auth schemes that use
+        a token instead of parameters, such as ``Bearer``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The object is no longer a ``dict``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        The object is an immutable dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        auth_type: str,
+        data: dict[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        token: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.type = auth_type
+        """The authorization scheme, like ``basic``, ``digest``, or ``bearer``."""
+
+        if data is None:
+            data = {}
+
+        self.parameters = data
+        """A dict of parameters parsed from the header. Either this or :attr:`token`
+        will have a value for a given scheme.
+        """
+
+        self.token = token
+        """A token parsed from the header. Either this or :attr:`parameters` will have a
+        value for a given scheme.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> str | None:
+        return self.parameters.get(name)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str | None:
+        return self.parameters.get(name)
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        return self.parameters.get(key, default)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
+        return key in self.parameters
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Authorization):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            other.type == self.type
+            and other.token == self.token
+            and other.parameters == self.parameters
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_header(cls, value: str | None) -> te.Self | None:
+        """Parse an ``Authorization`` header value and return an instance, or ``None``
+        if the value is empty.
+
+        :param value: The header value to parse.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if not value:
+            return None
+
+        scheme, _, rest = value.partition(" ")
+        scheme = scheme.lower()
+        rest = rest.strip()
+
+        if scheme == "basic":
+            try:
+                username, _, password = base64.b64decode(rest).decode().partition(":")
+            except (binascii.Error, UnicodeError):
+                return None
+
+            return cls(scheme, {"username": username, "password": password})
+
+        if "=" in rest.rstrip("="):
+            # = that is not trailing, this is parameters.
+            return cls(scheme, parse_dict_header(rest), None)
+
+        # No = or only trailing =, this is a token.
+        return cls(scheme, None, rest)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Produce an ``Authorization`` header value representing this data.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        if self.type == "basic":
+            value = base64.b64encode(
+                f"{self.username}:{self.password}".encode()
+            ).decode("ascii")
+            return f"Basic {value}"
+
+        if self.token is not None:
+            return f"{self.type.title()} {self.token}"
+
+        return f"{self.type.title()} {dump_header(self.parameters)}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.to_header()}>"
+
+
+class WWWAuthenticate:
+    """Represents the parts of a ``WWW-Authenticate`` response header.
+
+    Set :attr:`.Response.www_authenticate` to an instance of list of instances to set
+    values for this header in the response. Modifying this instance will modify the
+    header value.
+
+    Depending on the auth scheme, either :attr:`parameters` or :attr:`token` should be
+    set. The ``Basic`` scheme will encode ``username`` and ``password`` parameters to a
+    token.
+
+    For convenience, ``auth["key"]`` and ``auth.key`` both act on the :attr:`parameters`
+    dict, and can be used to get, set, or delete parameters. ``auth.get("key")`` and
+    ``"key" in auth`` are also provided.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``token`` parameter and attribute was added to support auth schemes that use
+        a token instead of parameters, such as ``Bearer``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The object is no longer a ``dict``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``on_update`` parameter was removed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        auth_type: str,
+        values: dict[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        token: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._type = auth_type.lower()
+        self._parameters: dict[str, str | None] = CallbackDict(
+            values, lambda _: self._trigger_on_update()
+        )
+        self._token = token
+        self._on_update: cabc.Callable[[WWWAuthenticate], None] | None = None
+
+    def _trigger_on_update(self) -> None:
+        if self._on_update is not None:
+            self._on_update(self)
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> str:
+        """The authorization scheme, like ``basic``, ``digest``, or ``bearer``."""
+        return self._type
+
+    @type.setter
+    def type(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._type = value
+        self._trigger_on_update()
+
+    @property
+    def parameters(self) -> dict[str, str | None]:
+        """A dict of parameters for the header. Only one of this or :attr:`token` should
+        have a value for a given scheme.
+        """
+        return self._parameters
+
+    @parameters.setter
+    def parameters(self, value: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        self._parameters = CallbackDict(value, lambda _: self._trigger_on_update())
+        self._trigger_on_update()
+
+    @property
+    def token(self) -> str | None:
+        """A dict of parameters for the header. Only one of this or :attr:`token` should
+        have a value for a given scheme.
+        """
+        return self._token
+
+    @token.setter
+    def token(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        """A token for the header. Only one of this or :attr:`parameters` should have a
+        value for a given scheme.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        self._token = value
+        self._trigger_on_update()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str | None:
+        return self.parameters.get(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str | None) -> None:
+        if value is None:
+            if key in self.parameters:
+                del self.parameters[key]
+        else:
+            self.parameters[key] = value
+
+        self._trigger_on_update()
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        if key in self.parameters:
+            del self.parameters[key]
+            self._trigger_on_update()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> str | None:
+        return self[name]
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: str | None) -> None:
+        if name in {"_type", "_parameters", "_token", "_on_update"}:
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+        else:
+            self[name] = value
+
+    def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        del self[name]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
+        return key in self.parameters
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, WWWAuthenticate):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            other.type == self.type
+            and other.token == self.token
+            and other.parameters == self.parameters
+        )
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        return self.parameters.get(key, default)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_header(cls, value: str | None) -> te.Self | None:
+        """Parse a ``WWW-Authenticate`` header value and return an instance, or ``None``
+        if the value is empty.
+
+        :param value: The header value to parse.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if not value:
+            return None
+
+        scheme, _, rest = value.partition(" ")
+        scheme = scheme.lower()
+        rest = rest.strip()
+
+        if "=" in rest.rstrip("="):
+            # = that is not trailing, this is parameters.
+            return cls(scheme, parse_dict_header(rest), None)
+
+        # No = or only trailing =, this is a token.
+        return cls(scheme, None, rest)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Produce a ``WWW-Authenticate`` header value representing this data."""
+        if self.token is not None:
+            return f"{self.type.title()} {self.token}"
+
+        if self.type == "digest":
+            items = []
+
+            for key, value in self.parameters.items():
+                if key in {"realm", "domain", "nonce", "opaque", "qop"}:
+                    value = quote_header_value(value, allow_token=False)
+                else:
+                    value = quote_header_value(value)
+
+                items.append(f"{key}={value}")
+
+            return f"Digest {', '.join(items)}"
+
+        return f"{self.type.title()} {dump_header(self.parameters)}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.to_header()}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/cache_control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/cache_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d700ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/cache_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from inspect import cleandoc
+
+from .mixins import ImmutableDictMixin
+from .structures import CallbackDict
+
+
+def cache_control_property(
+    key: str, empty: t.Any, type: type[t.Any] | None, *, doc: str | None = None
+) -> t.Any:
+    """Return a new property object for a cache header. Useful if you
+    want to add support for a cache extension in a subclass.
+
+    :param key: The attribute name present in the parsed cache-control header dict.
+    :param empty: The value to use if the key is present without a value.
+    :param type: The type to convert the string value to instead of a string. If
+        conversion raises a ``ValueError``, the returned value is ``None``.
+    :param doc: The docstring for the property. If not given, it is generated
+        based on the other params.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Added the ``doc`` param.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Renamed from ``cache_property``.
+    """
+    if doc is None:
+        parts = [f"The ``{key}`` attribute."]
+
+        if type is bool:
+            parts.append("A ``bool``, either present or not.")
+        else:
+            if type is None:
+                parts.append("A ``str``,")
+            else:
+                parts.append(f"A ``{type.__name__}``,")
+
+            if empty is not None:
+                parts.append(f"``{empty!r}`` if present with no value,")
+
+            parts.append("or ``None`` if not present.")
+
+        doc = " ".join(parts)
+
+    return property(
+        lambda x: x._get_cache_value(key, empty, type),
+        lambda x, v: x._set_cache_value(key, v, type),
+        lambda x: x._del_cache_value(key),
+        doc=cleandoc(doc),
+    )
+
+
+class _CacheControl(CallbackDict[str, t.Optional[str]]):
+    """Subclass of a dict that stores values for a Cache-Control header.  It
+    has accessors for all the cache-control directives specified in RFC 2616.
+    The class does not differentiate between request and response directives.
+
+    Because the cache-control directives in the HTTP header use dashes the
+    python descriptors use underscores for that.
+
+    To get a header of the :class:`CacheControl` object again you can convert
+    the object into a string or call the :meth:`to_header` method.  If you plan
+    to subclass it and add your own items have a look at the sourcecode for
+    that class.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Dict values are always ``str | None``. Setting properties will
+        convert the value to a string. Setting a non-bool property to
+        ``False`` is equivalent to setting it to ``None``. Getting typed
+        properties will return ``None`` if conversion raises
+        ``ValueError``, rather than the string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Setting int properties such as ``max_age`` will convert the
+        value to an int.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.4
+       Setting ``no_cache`` or ``private`` to ``True`` will set the
+       implicit value ``"*"``.
+    """
+
+    no_store: bool = cache_control_property("no-store", None, bool)
+    max_age: int | None = cache_control_property("max-age", None, int)
+    no_transform: bool = cache_control_property("no-transform", None, bool)
+    stale_if_error: int | None = cache_control_property("stale-if-error", None, int)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        values: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]] | None = (),
+        on_update: cabc.Callable[[_CacheControl], None] | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(values, on_update)
+        self.provided = values is not None
+
+    def _get_cache_value(
+        self, key: str, empty: t.Any, type: type[t.Any] | None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        if type is bool:
+            return key in self
+
+        if key not in self:
+            return None
+
+        if (value := self[key]) is None:
+            return empty
+
+        if type is not None:
+            try:
+                value = type(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+
+        return value
+
+    def _set_cache_value(
+        self, key: str, value: t.Any, type: type[t.Any] | None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        if type is bool:
+            if value:
+                self[key] = None
+            else:
+                self.pop(key, None)
+        elif value is None or value is False:
+            self.pop(key, None)
+        elif value is True:
+            self[key] = None
+        else:
+            if type is not None:
+                value = type(value)
+
+            self[key] = str(value)
+
+    def _del_cache_value(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        if key in self:
+            del self[key]
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert the stored values into a cache control header."""
+        return http.dump_header(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        kv_str = " ".join(f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in sorted(self.items()))
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {kv_str}>"
+
+    cache_property = staticmethod(cache_control_property)
+
+
+class RequestCacheControl(ImmutableDictMixin[str, t.Optional[str]], _CacheControl):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """A cache control for requests.  This is immutable and gives access
+    to all the request-relevant cache control headers.
+
+    To get a header of the :class:`RequestCacheControl` object again you can
+    convert the object into a string or call the :meth:`to_header` method.  If
+    you plan to subclass it and add your own items have a look at the sourcecode
+    for that class.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Dict values are always ``str | None``. Setting properties will
+        convert the value to a string. Setting a non-bool property to
+        ``False`` is equivalent to setting it to ``None``. Getting typed
+        properties will return ``None`` if conversion raises
+        ``ValueError``, rather than the string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+       ``max_age`` is ``None`` if present without a value, rather
+       than ``-1``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        ``no_cache`` is a boolean, it is ``True`` instead of ``"*"``
+        when present.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        ``max_stale`` is ``True`` if present without a value, rather
+        than ``"*"``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+       ``no_transform`` is a boolean. Previously it was mistakenly
+       always ``None``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+       ``min_fresh`` is ``None`` if present without a value, rather
+       than ``"*"``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Setting int properties such as ``max_age`` will convert the
+        value to an int.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        Response-only properties are not present on this request class.
+    """
+
+    no_cache: bool = cache_control_property("no-cache", None, bool)
+    max_stale: int | t.Literal[True] | None = cache_control_property(
+        "max-stale",
+        True,
+        int,
+    )
+    min_fresh: int | None = cache_control_property("min-fresh", None, int)
+    only_if_cached: bool = cache_control_property("only-if-cached", None, bool)
+
+
+class ResponseCacheControl(_CacheControl):
+    """A cache control for responses.  Unlike :class:`RequestCacheControl`
+    this is mutable and gives access to response-relevant cache control
+    headers.
+
+    To get a header of the :class:`ResponseCacheControl` object again you can
+    convert the object into a string or call the :meth:`to_header` method.  If
+    you plan to subclass it and add your own items have a look at the sourcecode
+    for that class.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Dict values are always ``str | None``. Setting properties will
+        convert the value to a string. Setting a non-bool property to
+        ``False`` is equivalent to setting it to ``None``. Getting typed
+        properties will return ``None`` if conversion raises
+        ``ValueError``, rather than the string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        ``no_cache`` is ``True`` if present without a value, rather than
+        ``"*"``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        ``private`` is ``True`` if present without a value, rather than
+        ``"*"``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+       ``no_transform`` is a boolean. Previously it was mistakenly
+       always ``None``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Added the ``must_understand``, ``stale_while_revalidate``, and
+        ``stale_if_error`` properties.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1.1
+        ``s_maxage`` converts the value to an int.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Setting int properties such as ``max_age`` will convert the
+        value to an int.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+       Request-only properties are not present on this response class.
+    """
+
+    no_cache: str | t.Literal[True] | None = cache_control_property(
+        "no-cache", True, None
+    )
+    public: bool = cache_control_property("public", None, bool)
+    private: str | t.Literal[True] | None = cache_control_property(
+        "private", True, None
+    )
+    must_revalidate: bool = cache_control_property("must-revalidate", None, bool)
+    proxy_revalidate: bool = cache_control_property("proxy-revalidate", None, bool)
+    s_maxage: int | None = cache_control_property("s-maxage", None, int)
+    immutable: bool = cache_control_property("immutable", None, bool)
+    must_understand: bool = cache_control_property("must-understand", None, bool)
+    stale_while_revalidate: int | None = cache_control_property(
+        "stale-while-revalidate", None, int
+    )
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import http
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/csp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/csp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0353eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/csp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+
+from .structures import CallbackDict
+
+
+def csp_property(key: str) -> t.Any:
+    """Return a new property object for a content security policy header.
+    Useful if you want to add support for a csp extension in a
+    subclass.
+    """
+    return property(
+        lambda x: x._get_value(key),
+        lambda x, v: x._set_value(key, v),
+        lambda x: x._del_value(key),
+        f"accessor for {key!r}",
+    )
+
+
+class ContentSecurityPolicy(CallbackDict[str, str]):
+    """Subclass of a dict that stores values for a Content Security Policy
+    header. It has accessors for all the level 3 policies.
+
+    Because the csp directives in the HTTP header use dashes the
+    python descriptors use underscores for that.
+
+    To get a header of the :class:`ContentSecuirtyPolicy` object again
+    you can convert the object into a string or call the
+    :meth:`to_header` method.  If you plan to subclass it and add your
+    own items have a look at the sourcecode for that class.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0.0
+       Support for Content Security Policy headers was added.
+
+    """
+
+    base_uri: str | None = csp_property("base-uri")
+    child_src: str | None = csp_property("child-src")
+    connect_src: str | None = csp_property("connect-src")
+    default_src: str | None = csp_property("default-src")
+    font_src: str | None = csp_property("font-src")
+    form_action: str | None = csp_property("form-action")
+    frame_ancestors: str | None = csp_property("frame-ancestors")
+    frame_src: str | None = csp_property("frame-src")
+    img_src: str | None = csp_property("img-src")
+    manifest_src: str | None = csp_property("manifest-src")
+    media_src: str | None = csp_property("media-src")
+    navigate_to: str | None = csp_property("navigate-to")
+    object_src: str | None = csp_property("object-src")
+    prefetch_src: str | None = csp_property("prefetch-src")
+    plugin_types: str | None = csp_property("plugin-types")
+    report_to: str | None = csp_property("report-to")
+    report_uri: str | None = csp_property("report-uri")
+    sandbox: str | None = csp_property("sandbox")
+    script_src: str | None = csp_property("script-src")
+    script_src_attr: str | None = csp_property("script-src-attr")
+    script_src_elem: str | None = csp_property("script-src-elem")
+    style_src: str | None = csp_property("style-src")
+    style_src_attr: str | None = csp_property("style-src-attr")
+    style_src_elem: str | None = csp_property("style-src-elem")
+    worker_src: str | None = csp_property("worker-src")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        values: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = (),
+        on_update: cabc.Callable[[ContentSecurityPolicy], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(values, on_update)
+        self.provided = values is not None
+
+    def _get_value(self, key: str) -> str | None:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        return self.get(key)
+
+    def _set_value(self, key: str, value: str | None) -> None:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        if value is None:
+            self.pop(key, None)
+        else:
+            self[key] = value
+
+    def _del_value(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Used internally by the accessor properties."""
+        if key in self:
+            del self[key]
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert the stored values into a cache control header."""
+        from ..http import dump_csp_header
+
+        return dump_csp_header(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        kv_str = " ".join(f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in sorted(self.items()))
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {kv_str}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/etag.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/etag.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4ef342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/etag.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+
+
+class ETags(cabc.Collection[str]):
+    """A set that can be used to check if one etag is present in a collection
+    of etags.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        strong_etags: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        weak_etags: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        star_tag: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not star_tag and strong_etags:
+            self._strong = frozenset(strong_etags)
+        else:
+            self._strong = frozenset()
+
+        self._weak = frozenset(weak_etags or ())
+        self.star_tag = star_tag
+
+    def as_set(self, include_weak: bool = False) -> set[str]:
+        """Convert the `ETags` object into a python set.  Per default all the
+        weak etags are not part of this set."""
+        rv = set(self._strong)
+        if include_weak:
+            rv.update(self._weak)
+        return rv
+
+    def is_weak(self, etag: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an etag is weak."""
+        return etag in self._weak
+
+    def is_strong(self, etag: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an etag is strong."""
+        return etag in self._strong
+
+    def contains_weak(self, etag: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an etag is part of the set including weak and strong tags."""
+        return self.is_weak(etag) or self.contains(etag)
+
+    def contains(self, etag: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an etag is part of the set ignoring weak tags.
+        It is also possible to use the ``in`` operator.
+        """
+        if self.star_tag:
+            return True
+        return self.is_strong(etag)
+
+    def contains_raw(self, etag: str) -> bool:
+        """When passed a quoted tag it will check if this tag is part of the
+        set.  If the tag is weak it is checked against weak and strong tags,
+        otherwise strong only."""
+        from ..http import unquote_etag
+
+        etag, weak = unquote_etag(etag)
+        if weak:
+            return self.contains_weak(etag)
+        return self.contains(etag)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert the etags set into a HTTP header string."""
+        if self.star_tag:
+            return "*"
+        return ", ".join(
+            [f'"{x}"' for x in self._strong] + [f'W/"{x}"' for x in self._weak]
+        )
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        etag: str | None = None,
+        data: bytes | None = None,
+        include_weak: bool = False,
+    ) -> bool:
+        if etag is None:
+            if data is None:
+                raise TypeError("'data' is required when 'etag' is not given.")
+
+            from ..http import generate_etag
+
+            etag = generate_etag(data)
+        if include_weak:
+            if etag in self._weak:
+                return True
+        return etag in self._strong
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.star_tag or self._strong or self._weak)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._strong)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._strong)
+
+    def __contains__(self, etag: str) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self.contains(etag)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {str(self)!r}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/file_storage.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/file_storage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1234244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/file_storage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import typing as t
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import fsdecode
+from os import fspath
+
+from .._internal import _plain_int
+from .headers import Headers
+from .structures import MultiDict
+
+
+class FileStorage:
+    """The :class:`FileStorage` class is a thin wrapper over incoming files.
+    It is used by the request object to represent uploaded files.  All the
+    attributes of the wrapper stream are proxied by the file storage so
+    it's possible to do ``storage.read()`` instead of the long form
+    ``storage.stream.read()``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.IO[bytes] | None = None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        content_length: int | None = None,
+        headers: Headers | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.stream = stream or BytesIO()
+
+        # If no filename is provided, attempt to get the filename from
+        # the stream object. Python names special streams like
+        # ``<stderr>`` with angular brackets, skip these streams.
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = getattr(stream, "name", None)
+
+            if filename is not None:
+                filename = fsdecode(filename)
+
+            if filename and filename[0] == "<" and filename[-1] == ">":
+                filename = None
+        else:
+            filename = fsdecode(filename)
+
+        self.filename = filename
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers()
+        self.headers = headers
+        if content_type is not None:
+            headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        if content_length is not None:
+            headers["Content-Length"] = str(content_length)
+
+    def _parse_content_type(self) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_parsed_content_type"):
+            self._parsed_content_type = http.parse_options_header(self.content_type)
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """The content-type sent in the header.  Usually not available"""
+        return self.headers.get("content-type")
+
+    @property
+    def content_length(self) -> int:
+        """The content-length sent in the header.  Usually not available"""
+        if "content-length" in self.headers:
+            try:
+                return _plain_int(self.headers["content-length"])
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        return 0
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype(self) -> str:
+        """Like :attr:`content_type`, but without parameters (eg, without
+        charset, type etc.) and always lowercase.  For example if the content
+        type is ``text/HTML; charset=utf-8`` the mimetype would be
+        ``'text/html'``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        self._parse_content_type()
+        return self._parsed_content_type[0].lower()
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype_params(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """The mimetype parameters as dict.  For example if the content
+        type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
+        ``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        self._parse_content_type()
+        return self._parsed_content_type[1]
+
+    def save(
+        self, dst: str | os.PathLike[str] | t.IO[bytes], buffer_size: int = 16384
+    ) -> None:
+        """Save the file to a destination path or file object.  If the
+        destination is a file object you have to close it yourself after the
+        call.  The buffer size is the number of bytes held in memory during
+        the copy process.  It defaults to 16KB.
+
+        For secure file saving also have a look at :func:`secure_filename`.
+
+        :param dst: a filename, :class:`os.PathLike`, or open file
+            object to write to.
+        :param buffer_size: Passed as the ``length`` parameter of
+            :func:`shutil.copyfileobj`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Supports :mod:`pathlib`.
+        """
+        from shutil import copyfileobj
+
+        close_dst = False
+
+        if hasattr(dst, "__fspath__"):
+            dst = fspath(dst)
+
+        if isinstance(dst, str):
+            dst = open(dst, "wb")
+            close_dst = True
+
+        try:
+            copyfileobj(self.stream, dst, buffer_size)
+        finally:
+            if close_dst:
+                dst.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the underlying file if possible."""
+        try:
+            self.stream.close()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.filename)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            return getattr(self.stream, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            # SpooledTemporaryFile on Python < 3.11 doesn't implement IOBase,
+            # get the attribute from its backing file instead.
+            if hasattr(self.stream, "_file"):
+                return getattr(self.stream._file, name)
+            raise
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[bytes]:
+        return iter(self.stream)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__}: {self.filename!r} ({self.content_type!r})>"
+
+
+class FileMultiDict(MultiDict[str, FileStorage]):
+    """A special :class:`MultiDict` that has convenience methods to add
+    files to it.  This is used for :class:`EnvironBuilder` and generally
+    useful for unittesting.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+
+    def add_file(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        file: str | os.PathLike[str] | t.IO[bytes] | FileStorage,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a new file to the dict.  `file` can be a file name or
+        a :class:`file`-like or a :class:`FileStorage` object.
+
+        :param name: the name of the field.
+        :param file: a filename or :class:`file`-like object
+        :param filename: an optional filename
+        :param content_type: an optional content type
+        """
+        if isinstance(file, FileStorage):
+            self.add(name, file)
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(file, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            if filename is None:
+                filename = os.fspath(file)
+
+            file_obj: t.IO[bytes] = open(file, "rb")
+        else:
+            file_obj = file  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        if filename and content_type is None:
+            content_type = (
+                mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+            )
+
+        self.add(name, FileStorage(file_obj, filename, name, content_type))
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import http
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/headers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1088e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import re
+import typing as t
+
+from .._internal import _missing
+from ..exceptions import BadRequestKeyError
+from .mixins import ImmutableHeadersMixin
+from .structures import iter_multi_items
+from .structures import MultiDict
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Headers:
+    """An object that stores some headers. It has a dict-like interface,
+    but is ordered, can store the same key multiple times, and iterating
+    yields ``(key, value)`` pairs instead of only keys.
+
+    This data structure is useful if you want a nicer way to handle WSGI
+    headers which are stored as tuples in a list.
+
+    From Werkzeug 0.3 onwards, the :exc:`KeyError` raised by this class is
+    also a subclass of the :class:`~exceptions.BadRequest` HTTP exception
+    and will render a page for a ``400 BAD REQUEST`` if caught in a
+    catch-all for HTTP exceptions.
+
+    Headers is mostly compatible with the Python :class:`wsgiref.headers.Headers`
+    class, with the exception of `__getitem__`.  :mod:`wsgiref` will return
+    `None` for ``headers['missing']``, whereas :class:`Headers` will raise
+    a :class:`KeyError`.
+
+    To create a new ``Headers`` object, pass it a list, dict, or
+    other ``Headers`` object with default values. These values are
+    validated the same way values added later are.
+
+    :param defaults: The list of default values for the :class:`Headers`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Implement ``|`` and ``|=`` operators.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1.0
+        Default values are validated the same as values added later.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+       This data structure now stores unicode values similar to how the
+       multi dicts do it.  The main difference is that bytes can be set as
+       well which will automatically be latin1 decoded.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+       The :meth:`linked` function was removed without replacement as it
+       was an API that does not support the changes to the encoding model.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        defaults: (
+            Headers
+            | MultiDict[str, t.Any]
+            | cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | set[t.Any]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._list: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        if defaults is not None:
+            self.extend(defaults)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> tuple[str, str]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> te.Self: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str | int | slice) -> str | tuple[str, str] | te.Self:
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            return self._get_key(key)
+
+        if isinstance(key, int):
+            return self._list[key]
+
+        return self.__class__(self._list[key])
+
+    def _get_key(self, key: str) -> str:
+        ikey = key.lower()
+
+        for k, v in self._list:
+            if k.lower() == ikey:
+                return v
+
+        raise BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if other.__class__ is not self.__class__:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        def lowered(item: tuple[str, ...]) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+            return item[0].lower(), *item[1:]
+
+        return set(map(lowered, other._list)) == set(map(lowered, self._list))  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str) -> str | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, default: str) -> str: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, type: cabc.Callable[[str], T]) -> T | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, default: T, type: cabc.Callable[[str], T]) -> T: ...
+    def get(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        default: str | T | None = None,
+        type: cabc.Callable[[str], T] | None = None,
+    ) -> str | T | None:
+        """Return the default value if the requested data doesn't exist.
+        If `type` is provided and is a callable it should convert the value,
+        return it or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if that is not possible.  In
+        this case the function will return the default as if the value was not
+        found:
+
+        >>> d = Headers([('Content-Length', '42')])
+        >>> d.get('Content-Length', type=int)
+        42
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param default: The default value to be returned if the key can't
+                        be looked up.  If not further specified `None` is
+                        returned.
+        :param type: A callable that is used to cast the value in the
+                     :class:`Headers`.  If a :exc:`ValueError` is raised
+                     by this callable the default value is returned.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The ``as_bytes`` parameter was removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+            The ``as_bytes`` parameter was added.
+        """
+        try:
+            rv = self._get_key(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+        if type is None:
+            return rv
+
+        try:
+            return type(rv)
+        except ValueError:
+            return default
+
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: str) -> list[str]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: str, type: cabc.Callable[[str], T]) -> list[T]: ...
+    def getlist(
+        self, key: str, type: cabc.Callable[[str], T] | None = None
+    ) -> list[str] | list[T]:
+        """Return the list of items for a given key. If that key is not in the
+        :class:`Headers`, the return value will be an empty list.  Just like
+        :meth:`get`, :meth:`getlist` accepts a `type` parameter.  All items will
+        be converted with the callable defined there.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param type: A callable that is used to cast the value in the
+                     :class:`Headers`.  If a :exc:`ValueError` is raised
+                     by this callable the value will be removed from the list.
+        :return: a :class:`list` of all the values for the key.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The ``as_bytes`` parameter was removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+            The ``as_bytes`` parameter was added.
+        """
+        ikey = key.lower()
+
+        if type is not None:
+            result = []
+
+            for k, v in self:
+                if k.lower() == ikey:
+                    try:
+                        result.append(type(v))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        continue
+
+            return result
+
+        return [v for k, v in self if k.lower() == ikey]
+
+    def get_all(self, name: str) -> list[str]:
+        """Return a list of all the values for the named field.
+
+        This method is compatible with the :mod:`wsgiref`
+        :meth:`~wsgiref.headers.Headers.get_all` method.
+        """
+        return self.getlist(name)
+
+    def items(self, lower: bool = False) -> t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]:
+        for key, value in self:
+            if lower:
+                key = key.lower()
+            yield key, value
+
+    def keys(self, lower: bool = False) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+        for key, _ in self.items(lower):
+            yield key
+
+    def values(self) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+        for _, value in self.items():
+            yield value
+
+    def extend(
+        self,
+        arg: (
+            Headers
+            | MultiDict[str, t.Any]
+            | cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | set[t.Any]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        /,
+        **kwargs: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Extend headers in this object with items from another object
+        containing header items as well as keyword arguments.
+
+        To replace existing keys instead of extending, use
+        :meth:`update` instead.
+
+        If provided, the first argument can be another :class:`Headers`
+        object, a :class:`MultiDict`, :class:`dict`, or iterable of
+        pairs.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Support :class:`MultiDict`. Allow passing ``kwargs``.
+        """
+        if arg is not None:
+            for key, value in iter_multi_items(arg):
+                self.add(key, value)
+
+        for key, value in iter_multi_items(kwargs):
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str | int | slice) -> None:
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            self._del_key(key)
+            return
+
+        del self._list[key]
+
+    def _del_key(self, key: str) -> None:
+        key = key.lower()
+        new = []
+
+        for k, v in self._list:
+            if k.lower() != key:
+                new.append((k, v))
+
+        self._list[:] = new
+
+    def remove(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a key.
+
+        :param key: The key to be removed.
+        """
+        return self._del_key(key)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self) -> tuple[str, str]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: int | None = ...) -> tuple[str, str]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, default: str) -> str: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+    def pop(
+        self,
+        key: str | int | None = None,
+        default: str | T = _missing,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> str | tuple[str, str] | T:
+        """Removes and returns a key or index.
+
+        :param key: The key to be popped.  If this is an integer the item at
+                    that position is removed, if it's a string the value for
+                    that key is.  If the key is omitted or `None` the last
+                    item is removed.
+        :return: an item.
+        """
+        if key is None:
+            return self._list.pop()
+
+        if isinstance(key, int):
+            return self._list.pop(key)
+
+        try:
+            rv = self._get_key(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not _missing:
+                return default
+
+            raise
+
+        self.remove(key)
+        return rv
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        """Removes a key or index and returns a (key, value) item."""
+        return self._list.pop()
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a key is present."""
+        try:
+            self._get_key(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Yield ``(key, value)`` tuples."""
+        return iter(self._list)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def add(self, key: str, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Add a new header tuple to the list.
+
+        Keyword arguments can specify additional parameters for the header
+        value, with underscores converted to dashes::
+
+        >>> d = Headers()
+        >>> d.add('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
+        >>> d.add('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='foo.png')
+
+        The keyword argument dumping uses :func:`dump_options_header`
+        behind the scenes.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.4.1
+            keyword arguments were added for :mod:`wsgiref` compatibility.
+        """
+        if kwargs:
+            value = _options_header_vkw(value, kwargs)
+
+        value_str = _str_header_value(value)
+        self._list.append((key, value_str))
+
+    def add_header(self, key: str, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Add a new header tuple to the list.
+
+        An alias for :meth:`add` for compatibility with the :mod:`wsgiref`
+        :meth:`~wsgiref.headers.Headers.add_header` method.
+        """
+        self.add(key, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Clears all headers."""
+        self._list.clear()
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        """Remove all header tuples for `key` and add a new one.  The newly
+        added key either appears at the end of the list if there was no
+        entry or replaces the first one.
+
+        Keyword arguments can specify additional parameters for the header
+        value, with underscores converted to dashes.  See :meth:`add` for
+        more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
+           :meth:`set` now accepts the same arguments as :meth:`add`.
+
+        :param key: The key to be inserted.
+        :param value: The value to be inserted.
+        """
+        if kwargs:
+            value = _options_header_vkw(value, kwargs)
+
+        value_str = _str_header_value(value)
+
+        if not self._list:
+            self._list.append((key, value_str))
+            return
+
+        iter_list = iter(self._list)
+        ikey = key.lower()
+
+        for idx, (old_key, _) in enumerate(iter_list):
+            if old_key.lower() == ikey:
+                # replace first occurrence
+                self._list[idx] = (key, value_str)
+                break
+        else:
+            # no existing occurrences
+            self._list.append((key, value_str))
+            return
+
+        # remove remaining occurrences
+        self._list[idx + 1 :] = [t for t in iter_list if t[0].lower() != ikey]
+
+    def setlist(self, key: str, values: cabc.Iterable[t.Any]) -> None:
+        """Remove any existing values for a header and add new ones.
+
+        :param key: The header key to set.
+        :param values: An iterable of values to set for the key.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        """
+        if values:
+            values_iter = iter(values)
+            self.set(key, next(values_iter))
+
+            for value in values_iter:
+                self.add(key, value)
+        else:
+            self.remove(key)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, default: t.Any) -> str:
+        """Return the first value for the key if it is in the headers,
+        otherwise set the header to the value given by ``default`` and
+        return that.
+
+        :param key: The header key to get.
+        :param default: The value to set for the key if it is not in the
+            headers.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._get_key(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        self.set(key, default)
+        return self._get_key(key)
+
+    def setlistdefault(self, key: str, default: cabc.Iterable[t.Any]) -> list[str]:
+        """Return the list of values for the key if it is in the
+        headers, otherwise set the header to the list of values given
+        by ``default`` and return that.
+
+        Unlike :meth:`MultiDict.setlistdefault`, modifying the returned
+        list will not affect the headers.
+
+        :param key: The header key to get.
+        :param default: An iterable of values to set for the key if it
+            is not in the headers.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            self.setlist(key, default)
+
+        return self.getlist(key)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: t.Any) -> None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __setitem__(self, key: int, value: tuple[str, t.Any]) -> None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __setitem__(
+        self, key: slice, value: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def __setitem__(
+        self,
+        key: str | int | slice,
+        value: t.Any | tuple[str, t.Any] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Like :meth:`set` but also supports index/slice based setting."""
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(key, int):
+            self._list[key] = value[0], _str_header_value(value[1])  # type: ignore[index]
+        else:
+            self._list[key] = [(k, _str_header_value(v)) for k, v in value]  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        arg: (
+            Headers
+            | MultiDict[str, t.Any]
+            | cabc.Mapping[
+                str, t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | cabc.Set[t.Any]
+            ]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        /,
+        **kwargs: t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | cabc.Set[t.Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Replace headers in this object with items from another
+        headers object and keyword arguments.
+
+        To extend existing keys instead of replacing, use :meth:`extend`
+        instead.
+
+        If provided, the first argument can be another :class:`Headers`
+        object, a :class:`MultiDict`, :class:`dict`, or iterable of
+        pairs.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        """
+        if arg is not None:
+            if isinstance(arg, (Headers, MultiDict)):
+                for key in arg.keys():
+                    self.setlist(key, arg.getlist(key))
+            elif isinstance(arg, cabc.Mapping):
+                for key, value in arg.items():
+                    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+                        self.setlist(key, value)
+                    else:
+                        self.set(key, value)
+            else:
+                for key, value in arg:
+                    self.set(key, value)
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+                self.setlist(key, value)
+            else:
+                self.set(key, value)
+
+    def __or__(
+        self,
+        other: cabc.Mapping[
+            str, t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | cabc.Set[t.Any]
+        ],
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        if not isinstance(other, cabc.Mapping):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        rv = self.copy()
+        rv.update(other)
+        return rv
+
+    def __ior__(
+        self,
+        other: (
+            cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any | list[t.Any] | tuple[t.Any, ...] | cabc.Set[t.Any]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, t.Any]]
+        ),
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        if not isinstance(other, (cabc.Mapping, cabc.Iterable)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        self.update(other)
+        return self
+
+    def to_wsgi_list(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Convert the headers into a list suitable for WSGI.
+
+        :return: list
+        """
+        return list(self)
+
+    def copy(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self.__class__(self._list)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self.copy()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Returns formatted headers suitable for HTTP transmission."""
+        strs = []
+        for key, value in self.to_wsgi_list():
+            strs.append(f"{key}: {value}")
+        strs.append("\r\n")
+        return "\r\n".join(strs)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({list(self)!r})"
+
+
+def _options_header_vkw(value: str, kw: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+    return http.dump_options_header(
+        value, {k.replace("_", "-"): v for k, v in kw.items()}
+    )
+
+
+_newline_re = re.compile(r"[\r\n]")
+
+
+def _str_header_value(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        value = str(value)
+
+    if _newline_re.search(value) is not None:
+        raise ValueError("Header values must not contain newline characters.")
+
+    return value  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+class EnvironHeaders(ImmutableHeadersMixin, Headers):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """Read only version of the headers from a WSGI environment.  This
+    provides the same interface as `Headers` and is constructed from
+    a WSGI environment.
+    From Werkzeug 0.3 onwards, the `KeyError` raised by this class is also a
+    subclass of the :exc:`~exceptions.BadRequest` HTTP exception and will
+    render a page for a ``400 BAD REQUEST`` if caught in a catch-all for
+    HTTP exceptions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.environ = environ
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, EnvironHeaders):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.environ is other.environ
+
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._get_key(key)
+
+    def _get_key(self, key: str) -> str:
+        if not isinstance(key, str):
+            raise BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+        key = key.upper().replace("-", "_")
+
+        if key in {"CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"}:
+            return self.environ[key]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        return self.environ[f"HTTP_{key}"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 for _ in self)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
+        for key, value in self.environ.items():
+            if key.startswith("HTTP_") and key not in {
+                "HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE",
+                "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH",
+            }:
+                yield key[5:].replace("_", "-").title(), value
+            elif key in {"CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"} and value:
+                yield key.replace("_", "-").title(), value
+
+    def copy(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot create {type(self).__name__!r} copies")
+
+    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot create {type(self).__name__!r} copies")
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import http
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/mixins.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/mixins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03d461a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/mixins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from itertools import repeat
+
+from .._internal import _missing
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+K = t.TypeVar("K")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=cabc.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+def _immutable_error(self: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+    raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__!r} objects are immutable")
+
+
+class ImmutableListMixin:
+    """Makes a :class:`list` immutable.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    _hash_cache: int | None = None
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash_cache is not None:
+            return self._hash_cache
+        rv = self._hash_cache = hash(tuple(self))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        return rv
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: t.SupportsIndex) -> t.Any:
+        return type(self), (list(self),)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __imul__(self, other: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def append(self, item: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def remove(self, item: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def extend(self, iterable: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def insert(self, pos: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def pop(self, index: t.Any = -1) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def reverse(self: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def sort(self, key: t.Any = None, reverse: t.Any = False) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+
+class ImmutableDictMixin(t.Generic[K, V]):
+    """Makes a :class:`dict` immutable.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Disallow ``|=`` operator.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    _hash_cache: int | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    @t.overload
+    def fromkeys(
+        cls, keys: cabc.Iterable[K], value: None
+    ) -> ImmutableDictMixin[K, t.Any | None]: ...
+    @classmethod
+    @t.overload
+    def fromkeys(cls, keys: cabc.Iterable[K], value: V) -> ImmutableDictMixin[K, V]: ...
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(
+        cls, keys: cabc.Iterable[K], value: V | None = None
+    ) -> ImmutableDictMixin[K, t.Any | None] | ImmutableDictMixin[K, V]:
+        instance = super().__new__(cls)
+        instance.__init__(zip(keys, repeat(value)))  # type: ignore[misc]
+        return instance
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: t.SupportsIndex) -> t.Any:
+        return type(self), (dict(self),)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
+    def _iter_hashitems(self) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]:
+        return self.items()  # type: ignore[attr-defined,no-any-return]
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash_cache is not None:
+            return self._hash_cache
+        rv = self._hash_cache = hash(frozenset(self._iter_hashitems()))
+        return rv
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any = None) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def update(self, arg: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __ior__(self, other: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def pop(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any = None) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def clear(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+
+class ImmutableMultiDictMixin(ImmutableDictMixin[K, V]):
+    """Makes a :class:`MultiDict` immutable.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: t.SupportsIndex) -> t.Any:
+        return type(self), (list(self.items(multi=True)),)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _iter_hashitems(self) -> t.Iterable[t.Any]:
+        return self.items(multi=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined,no-any-return]
+
+    def add(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def popitemlist(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def poplist(self, key: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def setlist(self, key: t.Any, new_list: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def setlistdefault(self, key: t.Any, default_list: t.Any = None) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+
+class ImmutableHeadersMixin:
+    """Makes a :class:`Headers` immutable.  We do not mark them as
+    hashable though since the only usecase for this datastructure
+    in Werkzeug is a view on a mutable structure.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Disallow ``|=`` operator.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def set(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def setlist(self, key: t.Any, values: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def add(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def add_header(self, key: t.Any, value: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def remove(self, key: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def extend(self, arg: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def update(self, arg: t.Any, /, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def __ior__(self, other: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def insert(self, pos: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def pop(self, key: t.Any = None, default: t.Any = _missing) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+    def setlistdefault(self, key: t.Any, default: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+        _immutable_error(self)
+
+
+def _always_update(f: F) -> F:
+    def wrapper(
+        self: UpdateDictMixin[t.Any, t.Any], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        rv = f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+        return rv
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, f)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+class UpdateDictMixin(dict[K, V]):
+    """Makes dicts call `self.on_update` on modifications.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Implement ``|=`` operator.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    on_update: cabc.Callable[[te.Self], None] | None = None
+
+    def setdefault(self: te.Self, key: K, default: V | None = None) -> V:
+        modified = key not in self
+        rv = super().setdefault(key, default)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        if modified and self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+        return rv
+
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self: te.Self, key: K) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self: te.Self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self: te.Self, key: K, default: T) -> T: ...
+    def pop(
+        self: te.Self,
+        key: K,
+        default: V | T = _missing,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> V | T:
+        modified = key in self
+        if default is _missing:
+            rv = super().pop(key)
+        else:
+            rv = super().pop(key, default)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        if modified and self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+        return rv
+
+    @_always_update
+    def __setitem__(self, key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    @_always_update
+    def __delitem__(self, key: K) -> None:
+        super().__delitem__(key)
+
+    @_always_update
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        super().clear()
+
+    @_always_update
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[K, V]:
+        return super().popitem()
+
+    @_always_update
+    def update(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        arg: cabc.Mapping[K, V] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]] | None = None,
+        /,
+        **kwargs: V,
+    ) -> None:
+        if arg is None:
+            super().update(**kwargs)
+        else:
+            super().update(arg, **kwargs)
+
+    @_always_update
+    def __ior__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, other: cabc.Mapping[K, V] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        return super().__ior__(other)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/range.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/range.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c9f67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/range.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class IfRange:
+    """Very simple object that represents the `If-Range` header in parsed
+    form.  It will either have neither a etag or date or one of either but
+    never both.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, etag: str | None = None, date: datetime | None = None):
+        #: The etag parsed and unquoted.  Ranges always operate on strong
+        #: etags so the weakness information is not necessary.
+        self.etag = etag
+        #: The date in parsed format or `None`.
+        self.date = date
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Converts the object back into an HTTP header."""
+        if self.date is not None:
+            return http.http_date(self.date)
+        if self.etag is not None:
+            return http.quote_etag(self.etag)
+        return ""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {str(self)!r}>"
+
+
+class Range:
+    """Represents a ``Range`` header. All methods only support only
+    bytes as the unit. Stores a list of ranges if given, but the methods
+    only work if only one range is provided.
+
+    :raise ValueError: If the ranges provided are invalid.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        The ranges passed in are validated.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, units: str, ranges: cabc.Sequence[tuple[int, int | None]]
+    ) -> None:
+        #: The units of this range.  Usually "bytes".
+        self.units = units
+        #: A list of ``(begin, end)`` tuples for the range header provided.
+        #: The ranges are non-inclusive.
+        self.ranges = ranges
+
+        for start, end in ranges:
+            if start is None or (end is not None and (start < 0 or start >= end)):
+                raise ValueError(f"{(start, end)} is not a valid range.")
+
+    def range_for_length(self, length: int | None) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
+        """If the range is for bytes, the length is not None and there is
+        exactly one range and it is satisfiable it returns a ``(start, stop)``
+        tuple, otherwise `None`.
+        """
+        if self.units != "bytes" or length is None or len(self.ranges) != 1:
+            return None
+        start, end = self.ranges[0]
+        if end is None:
+            end = length
+            if start < 0:
+                start += length
+        if http.is_byte_range_valid(start, end, length):
+            return start, min(end, length)
+        return None
+
+    def make_content_range(self, length: int | None) -> ContentRange | None:
+        """Creates a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object
+        from the current range and given content length.
+        """
+        rng = self.range_for_length(length)
+        if rng is not None:
+            return ContentRange(self.units, rng[0], rng[1], length)
+        return None
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Converts the object back into an HTTP header."""
+        ranges = []
+        for begin, end in self.ranges:
+            if end is None:
+                ranges.append(f"{begin}-" if begin >= 0 else str(begin))
+            else:
+                ranges.append(f"{begin}-{end - 1}")
+        return f"{self.units}={','.join(ranges)}"
+
+    def to_content_range_header(self, length: int | None) -> str | None:
+        """Converts the object into `Content-Range` HTTP header,
+        based on given length
+        """
+        range = self.range_for_length(length)
+        if range is not None:
+            return f"{self.units} {range[0]}-{range[1] - 1}/{length}"
+        return None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {str(self)!r}>"
+
+
+class _CallbackProperty(t.Generic[T]):
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: type[ContentRange], name: str) -> None:
+        self.attr = f"_{name}"
+
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: None) -> te.Self: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: ContentRange, owner: type[ContentRange]) -> T: ...
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: ContentRange | None, owner: type[ContentRange] | None
+    ) -> te.Self | T:
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+
+        return instance.__dict__[self.attr]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def __set__(self, instance: ContentRange, value: T) -> None:
+        instance.__dict__[self.attr] = value
+
+        if instance.on_update is not None:
+            instance.on_update(instance)
+
+
+class ContentRange:
+    """Represents the content range header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        units: str | None,
+        start: int | None,
+        stop: int | None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        on_update: cabc.Callable[[ContentRange], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.on_update = on_update
+        self.set(start, stop, length, units)
+
+    #: The units to use, usually "bytes"
+    units: str | None = _CallbackProperty()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    #: The start point of the range or `None`.
+    start: int | None = _CallbackProperty()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    #: The stop point of the range (non-inclusive) or `None`.  Can only be
+    #: `None` if also start is `None`.
+    stop: int | None = _CallbackProperty()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    #: The length of the range or `None`.
+    length: int | None = _CallbackProperty()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def set(
+        self,
+        start: int | None,
+        stop: int | None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        units: str | None = "bytes",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Simple method to update the ranges."""
+        assert http.is_byte_range_valid(start, stop, length), "Bad range provided"
+        self._units: str | None = units
+        self._start: int | None = start
+        self._stop: int | None = stop
+        self._length: int | None = length
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def unset(self) -> None:
+        """Sets the units to `None` which indicates that the header should
+        no longer be used.
+        """
+        self.set(None, None, units=None)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        if self._units is None:
+            return ""
+        if self._length is None:
+            length: str | int = "*"
+        else:
+            length = self._length
+        if self._start is None:
+            return f"{self._units} */{length}"
+        return f"{self._units} {self._start}-{self._stop - 1}/{length}"  # type: ignore[operator]
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self._units is not None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {str(self)!r}>"
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import http
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/structures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbb7e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures/structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1239 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from copy import deepcopy
+
+from .. import exceptions
+from .._internal import _missing
+from .mixins import ImmutableDictMixin
+from .mixins import ImmutableListMixin
+from .mixins import ImmutableMultiDictMixin
+from .mixins import UpdateDictMixin
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+K = t.TypeVar("K")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def iter_multi_items(
+    mapping: (
+        MultiDict[K, V]
+        | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+        | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+    ),
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[K, V]]:
+    """Iterates over the items of a mapping yielding keys and values
+    without dropping any from more complex structures.
+    """
+    if isinstance(mapping, MultiDict):
+        yield from mapping.items(multi=True)
+    elif isinstance(mapping, cabc.Mapping):
+        for key, value in mapping.items():
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+                for v in value:
+                    yield key, v
+            else:
+                yield key, value
+    else:
+        yield from mapping
+
+
+class ImmutableList(ImmutableListMixin, list[V]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """An immutable :class:`list`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :private:
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({list.__repr__(self)})"
+
+
+class TypeConversionDict(dict[K, V]):
+    """Works like a regular dict but the :meth:`get` method can perform
+    type conversions.  :class:`MultiDict` and :class:`CombinedMultiDict`
+    are subclasses of this class and provide the same feature.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+
+    @t.overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get(self, key: K) -> V | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: K, default: T) -> V | T: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> T | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, default: T, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> T: ...
+    def get(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        self,
+        key: K,
+        default: V | T | None = None,
+        type: cabc.Callable[[V], T] | None = None,
+    ) -> V | T | None:
+        """Return the default value if the requested data doesn't exist.
+        If `type` is provided and is a callable it should convert the value,
+        return it or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if that is not possible.  In
+        this case the function will return the default as if the value was not
+        found:
+
+        >>> d = TypeConversionDict(foo='42', bar='blub')
+        >>> d.get('foo', type=int)
+        42
+        >>> d.get('bar', -1, type=int)
+        -1
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param default: The default value to be returned if the key can't
+                        be looked up.  If not further specified `None` is
+                        returned.
+        :param type: A callable that is used to cast the value in the
+                     :class:`MultiDict`.  If a :exc:`ValueError` or a
+                     :exc:`TypeError` is raised by this callable the default
+                     value is returned.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0.2
+           Returns the default value on :exc:`TypeError`, too.
+        """
+        try:
+            rv = self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+        if type is None:
+            return rv
+
+        try:
+            return type(rv)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return default
+
+
+class ImmutableTypeConversionDict(ImmutableDictMixin[K, V], TypeConversionDict[K, V]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """Works like a :class:`TypeConversionDict` but does not support
+    modifications.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+
+    def copy(self) -> TypeConversionDict[K, V]:
+        """Return a shallow mutable copy of this object.  Keep in mind that
+        the standard library's :func:`copy` function is a no-op for this class
+        like for any other python immutable type (eg: :class:`tuple`).
+        """
+        return TypeConversionDict(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self
+
+
+class MultiDict(TypeConversionDict[K, V]):
+    """A :class:`MultiDict` is a dictionary subclass customized to deal with
+    multiple values for the same key which is for example used by the parsing
+    functions in the wrappers.  This is necessary because some HTML form
+    elements pass multiple values for the same key.
+
+    :class:`MultiDict` implements all standard dictionary methods.
+    Internally, it saves all values for a key as a list, but the standard dict
+    access methods will only return the first value for a key. If you want to
+    gain access to the other values, too, you have to use the `list` methods as
+    explained below.
+
+    Basic Usage:
+
+    >>> d = MultiDict([('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c')])
+    >>> d
+    MultiDict([('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c')])
+    >>> d['a']
+    'b'
+    >>> d.getlist('a')
+    ['b', 'c']
+    >>> 'a' in d
+    True
+
+    It behaves like a normal dict thus all dict functions will only return the
+    first value when multiple values for one key are found.
+
+    From Werkzeug 0.3 onwards, the `KeyError` raised by this class is also a
+    subclass of the :exc:`~exceptions.BadRequest` HTTP exception and will
+    render a page for a ``400 BAD REQUEST`` if caught in a catch-all for HTTP
+    exceptions.
+
+    A :class:`MultiDict` can be constructed from an iterable of
+    ``(key, value)`` tuples, a dict, a :class:`MultiDict` or from Werkzeug 0.2
+    onwards some keyword parameters.
+
+    :param mapping: the initial value for the :class:`MultiDict`.  Either a
+                    regular dict, an iterable of ``(key, value)`` tuples
+                    or `None`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        Implement ``|`` and ``|=`` operators.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping: (
+            MultiDict[K, V]
+            | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if mapping is None:
+            super().__init__()
+        elif isinstance(mapping, MultiDict):
+            super().__init__((k, vs[:]) for k, vs in mapping.lists())
+        elif isinstance(mapping, cabc.Mapping):
+            tmp = {}
+            for key, value in mapping.items():
+                if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+                    value = list(value)
+
+                    if not value:
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    value = [value]
+                tmp[key] = value
+            super().__init__(tmp)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        else:
+            tmp = {}
+            for key, value in mapping:
+                tmp.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+            super().__init__(tmp)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> t.Any:
+        return dict(self.lists())
+
+    def __setstate__(self, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().clear()
+        super().update(value)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[K]:
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/87412
+        # If __iter__ is not overridden, Python uses a fast path for dict(md),
+        # taking the data directly and getting lists of values, rather than
+        # calling __getitem__ and getting only the first value.
+        return super().__iter__()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: K) -> V:
+        """Return the first data value for this key;
+        raises KeyError if not found.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :raise KeyError: if the key does not exist.
+        """
+
+        if key in self:
+            lst = super().__getitem__(key)
+            if len(lst) > 0:  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                return lst[0]  # type: ignore[index,no-any-return]
+        raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        """Like :meth:`add` but removes an existing key first.
+
+        :param key: the key for the value.
+        :param value: the value to set.
+        """
+        super().__setitem__(key, [value])  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def add(self, key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        """Adds a new value for the key.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+        :param key: the key for the value.
+        :param value: the value to add.
+        """
+        super().setdefault(key, []).append(value)  # type: ignore[arg-type,attr-defined]
+
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K) -> list[V]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> list[T]: ...
+    def getlist(
+        self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T] | None = None
+    ) -> list[V] | list[T]:
+        """Return the list of items for a given key. If that key is not in the
+        `MultiDict`, the return value will be an empty list.  Just like `get`,
+        `getlist` accepts a `type` parameter.  All items will be converted
+        with the callable defined there.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param type: Callable to convert each value. If a ``ValueError`` or
+            ``TypeError`` is raised, the value is omitted.
+        :return: a :class:`list` of all the values for the key.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            Catches ``TypeError`` in addition to ``ValueError``.
+        """
+        try:
+            rv: list[V] = super().__getitem__(key)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        except KeyError:
+            return []
+        if type is None:
+            return list(rv)
+        result = []
+        for item in rv:
+            try:
+                result.append(type(item))
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def setlist(self, key: K, new_list: cabc.Iterable[V]) -> None:
+        """Remove the old values for a key and add new ones.  Note that the list
+        you pass the values in will be shallow-copied before it is inserted in
+        the dictionary.
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict()
+        >>> d.setlist('foo', ['1', '2'])
+        >>> d['foo']
+        '1'
+        >>> d.getlist('foo')
+        ['1', '2']
+
+        :param key: The key for which the values are set.
+        :param new_list: An iterable with the new values for the key.  Old values
+                         are removed first.
+        """
+        super().__setitem__(key, list(new_list))  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    @t.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: K) -> None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    def setdefault(self, key: K, default: V | None = None) -> V | None:
+        """Returns the value for the key if it is in the dict, otherwise it
+        returns `default` and sets that value for `key`.
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param default: The default value to be returned if the key is not
+                        in the dict.  If not further specified it's `None`.
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            self[key] = default  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return self[key]
+
+    def setlistdefault(
+        self, key: K, default_list: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None
+    ) -> list[V]:
+        """Like `setdefault` but sets multiple values.  The list returned
+        is not a copy, but the list that is actually used internally.  This
+        means that you can put new values into the dict by appending items
+        to the list:
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict({"foo": 1})
+        >>> d.setlistdefault("foo").extend([2, 3])
+        >>> d.getlist("foo")
+        [1, 2, 3]
+
+        :param key: The key to be looked up.
+        :param default_list: An iterable of default values.  It is either copied
+                             (in case it was a list) or converted into a list
+                             before returned.
+        :return: a :class:`list`
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            super().__setitem__(key, list(default_list or ()))  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return super().__getitem__(key)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def items(self, multi: bool = False) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Return an iterator of ``(key, value)`` pairs.
+
+        :param multi: If set to `True` the iterator returned will have a pair
+                      for each value of each key.  Otherwise it will only
+                      contain pairs for the first value of each key.
+        """
+        values: list[V]
+
+        for key, values in super().items():  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            if multi:
+                for value in values:
+                    yield key, value
+            else:
+                yield key, values[0]
+
+    def lists(self) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, list[V]]]:
+        """Return a iterator of ``(key, values)`` pairs, where values is the list
+        of all values associated with the key."""
+        values: list[V]
+
+        for key, values in super().items():  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            yield key, list(values)
+
+    def values(self) -> cabc.Iterable[V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Returns an iterator of the first value on every key's value list."""
+        values: list[V]
+
+        for values in super().values():  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            yield values[0]
+
+    def listvalues(self) -> cabc.Iterable[list[V]]:
+        """Return an iterator of all values associated with a key.  Zipping
+        :meth:`keys` and this is the same as calling :meth:`lists`:
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict({"foo": [1, 2, 3]})
+        >>> zip(d.keys(), d.listvalues()) == d.lists()
+        True
+        """
+        return super().values()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def copy(self) -> te.Self:
+        """Return a shallow copy of this object."""
+        return self.__class__(self)
+
+    def deepcopy(self, memo: t.Any = None) -> te.Self:
+        """Return a deep copy of this object."""
+        return self.__class__(deepcopy(self.to_dict(flat=False), memo))
+
+    @t.overload
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[K, V]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def to_dict(self, flat: t.Literal[False]) -> dict[K, list[V]]: ...
+    def to_dict(self, flat: bool = True) -> dict[K, V] | dict[K, list[V]]:
+        """Return the contents as regular dict.  If `flat` is `True` the
+        returned dict will only have the first item present, if `flat` is
+        `False` all values will be returned as lists.
+
+        :param flat: If set to `False` the dict returned will have lists
+                     with all the values in it.  Otherwise it will only
+                     contain the first value for each key.
+        :return: a :class:`dict`
+        """
+        if flat:
+            return dict(self.items())
+        return dict(self.lists())
+
+    def update(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        mapping: (
+            MultiDict[K, V]
+            | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+        ),
+    ) -> None:
+        """update() extends rather than replaces existing key lists:
+
+        >>> a = MultiDict({'x': 1})
+        >>> b = MultiDict({'x': 2, 'y': 3})
+        >>> a.update(b)
+        >>> a
+        MultiDict([('y', 3), ('x', 1), ('x', 2)])
+
+        If the value list for a key in ``other_dict`` is empty, no new values
+        will be added to the dict and the key will not be created:
+
+        >>> x = {'empty_list': []}
+        >>> y = MultiDict()
+        >>> y.update(x)
+        >>> y
+        MultiDict([])
+        """
+        for key, value in iter_multi_items(mapping):
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def __or__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, other: cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+    ) -> MultiDict[K, V]:
+        if not isinstance(other, cabc.Mapping):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        rv = self.copy()
+        rv.update(other)
+        return rv
+
+    def __ior__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        other: (
+            cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+        ),
+    ) -> te.Self:
+        if not isinstance(other, (cabc.Mapping, cabc.Iterable)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        self.update(other)
+        return self
+
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K, default: T) -> V | T: ...
+    def pop(
+        self,
+        key: K,
+        default: V | T = _missing,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> V | T:
+        """Pop the first item for a list on the dict.  Afterwards the
+        key is removed from the dict, so additional values are discarded:
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict({"foo": [1, 2, 3]})
+        >>> d.pop("foo")
+        1
+        >>> "foo" in d
+        False
+
+        :param key: the key to pop.
+        :param default: if provided the value to return if the key was
+                        not in the dictionary.
+        """
+        lst: list[V]
+
+        try:
+            lst = super().pop(key)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            if len(lst) == 0:
+                raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+            return lst[0]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not _missing:
+                return default
+
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key) from None
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[K, V]:
+        """Pop an item from the dict."""
+        item: tuple[K, list[V]]
+
+        try:
+            item = super().popitem()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            if len(item[1]) == 0:
+                raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(item[0])
+
+            return item[0], item[1][0]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(e.args[0]) from None
+
+    def poplist(self, key: K) -> list[V]:
+        """Pop the list for a key from the dict.  If the key is not in the dict
+        an empty list is returned.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+           If the key does no longer exist a list is returned instead of
+           raising an error.
+        """
+        return super().pop(key, [])  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def popitemlist(self) -> tuple[K, list[V]]:
+        """Pop a ``(key, list)`` tuple from the dict."""
+        try:
+            return super().popitem()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(e.args[0]) from None
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self.copy()
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: t.Any) -> te.Self:
+        return self.deepcopy(memo=memo)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({list(self.items(multi=True))!r})"
+
+
+class _omd_bucket(t.Generic[K, V]):
+    """Wraps values in the :class:`OrderedMultiDict`.  This makes it
+    possible to keep an order over multiple different keys.  It requires
+    a lot of extra memory and slows down access a lot, but makes it
+    possible to access elements in O(1) and iterate in O(n).
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("prev", "key", "value", "next")
+
+    def __init__(self, omd: _OrderedMultiDict[K, V], key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        self.prev: _omd_bucket[K, V] | None = omd._last_bucket
+        self.key: K = key
+        self.value: V = value
+        self.next: _omd_bucket[K, V] | None = None
+
+        if omd._first_bucket is None:
+            omd._first_bucket = self
+        if omd._last_bucket is not None:
+            omd._last_bucket.next = self
+        omd._last_bucket = self
+
+    def unlink(self, omd: _OrderedMultiDict[K, V]) -> None:
+        if self.prev:
+            self.prev.next = self.next
+        if self.next:
+            self.next.prev = self.prev
+        if omd._first_bucket is self:
+            omd._first_bucket = self.next
+        if omd._last_bucket is self:
+            omd._last_bucket = self.prev
+
+
+class _OrderedMultiDict(MultiDict[K, V]):
+    """Works like a regular :class:`MultiDict` but preserves the
+    order of the fields.  To convert the ordered multi dict into a
+    list you can use the :meth:`items` method and pass it ``multi=True``.
+
+    In general an :class:`OrderedMultiDict` is an order of magnitude
+    slower than a :class:`MultiDict`.
+
+    .. admonition:: note
+
+       Due to a limitation in Python you cannot convert an ordered
+       multi dict into a regular dict by using ``dict(multidict)``.
+       Instead you have to use the :meth:`to_dict` method, otherwise
+       the internal bucket objects are exposed.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 3.1
+        Will be removed in Werkzeug 3.2. Use ``MultiDict`` instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping: (
+            MultiDict[K, V]
+            | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OrderedMultiDict' is deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug"
+            " 3.2. Use 'MultiDict' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        super().__init__()
+        self._first_bucket: _omd_bucket[K, V] | None = None
+        self._last_bucket: _omd_bucket[K, V] | None = None
+        if mapping is not None:
+            self.update(mapping)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, MultiDict):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if isinstance(other, _OrderedMultiDict):
+            iter1 = iter(self.items(multi=True))
+            iter2 = iter(other.items(multi=True))
+            try:
+                for k1, v1 in iter1:
+                    k2, v2 = next(iter2)
+                    if k1 != k2 or v1 != v2:
+                        return False
+            except StopIteration:
+                return False
+            try:
+                next(iter2)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return True
+            return False
+        if len(self) != len(other):
+            return False
+        for key, values in self.lists():
+            if other.getlist(key) != values:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: t.SupportsIndex) -> t.Any:
+        return type(self), (list(self.items(multi=True)),)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> t.Any:
+        return list(self.items(multi=True))
+
+    def __setstate__(self, values: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.clear()
+
+        for key, value in values:
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: K) -> V:
+        if key in self:
+            return dict.__getitem__(self, key)[0].value  # type: ignore[index,no-any-return]
+        raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        self.poplist(key)
+        self.add(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: K) -> None:
+        self.pop(key)
+
+    def keys(self) -> cabc.Iterable[K]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return (key for key, _ in self.items())
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[K]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def values(self) -> cabc.Iterable[V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return (value for key, value in self.items())
+
+    def items(self, multi: bool = False) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        ptr = self._first_bucket
+        if multi:
+            while ptr is not None:
+                yield ptr.key, ptr.value
+                ptr = ptr.next
+        else:
+            returned_keys = set()
+            while ptr is not None:
+                if ptr.key not in returned_keys:
+                    returned_keys.add(ptr.key)
+                    yield ptr.key, ptr.value
+                ptr = ptr.next
+
+    def lists(self) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, list[V]]]:
+        returned_keys = set()
+        ptr = self._first_bucket
+        while ptr is not None:
+            if ptr.key not in returned_keys:
+                yield ptr.key, self.getlist(ptr.key)
+                returned_keys.add(ptr.key)
+            ptr = ptr.next
+
+    def listvalues(self) -> cabc.Iterable[list[V]]:
+        for _key, values in self.lists():
+            yield values
+
+    def add(self, key: K, value: V) -> None:
+        dict.setdefault(self, key, []).append(_omd_bucket(self, key, value))  # type: ignore[arg-type,attr-defined]
+
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K) -> list[V]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> list[T]: ...
+    def getlist(
+        self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T] | None = None
+    ) -> list[V] | list[T]:
+        rv: list[_omd_bucket[K, V]]
+
+        try:
+            rv = dict.__getitem__(self, key)  # type: ignore[index]
+        except KeyError:
+            return []
+        if type is None:
+            return [x.value for x in rv]
+        result = []
+        for item in rv:
+            try:
+                result.append(type(item.value))
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def setlist(self, key: K, new_list: cabc.Iterable[V]) -> None:
+        self.poplist(key)
+        for value in new_list:
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def setlistdefault(self, key: t.Any, default_list: t.Any = None) -> t.NoReturn:
+        raise TypeError("setlistdefault is unsupported for ordered multi dicts")
+
+    def update(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        mapping: (
+            MultiDict[K, V]
+            | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+        ),
+    ) -> None:
+        for key, value in iter_multi_items(mapping):
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def poplist(self, key: K) -> list[V]:
+        buckets: cabc.Iterable[_omd_bucket[K, V]] = dict.pop(self, key, ())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            bucket.unlink(self)
+        return [x.value for x in buckets]
+
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def pop(self, key: K, default: T) -> V | T: ...
+    def pop(
+        self,
+        key: K,
+        default: V | T = _missing,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    ) -> V | T:
+        buckets: list[_omd_bucket[K, V]]
+
+        try:
+            buckets = dict.pop(self, key)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not _missing:
+                return default
+
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key) from None
+
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            bucket.unlink(self)
+
+        return buckets[0].value
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[K, V]:
+        key: K
+        buckets: list[_omd_bucket[K, V]]
+
+        try:
+            key, buckets = dict.popitem(self)  # type: ignore[arg-type,assignment]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(e.args[0]) from None
+
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            bucket.unlink(self)
+
+        return key, buckets[0].value
+
+    def popitemlist(self) -> tuple[K, list[V]]:
+        key: K
+        buckets: list[_omd_bucket[K, V]]
+
+        try:
+            key, buckets = dict.popitem(self)  # type: ignore[arg-type,assignment]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(e.args[0]) from None
+
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            bucket.unlink(self)
+
+        return key, [x.value for x in buckets]
+
+
+class CombinedMultiDict(ImmutableMultiDictMixin[K, V], MultiDict[K, V]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """A read only :class:`MultiDict` that you can pass multiple :class:`MultiDict`
+    instances as sequence and it will combine the return values of all wrapped
+    dicts:
+
+    >>> from werkzeug.datastructures import CombinedMultiDict, MultiDict
+    >>> post = MultiDict([('foo', 'bar')])
+    >>> get = MultiDict([('blub', 'blah')])
+    >>> combined = CombinedMultiDict([get, post])
+    >>> combined['foo']
+    'bar'
+    >>> combined['blub']
+    'blah'
+
+    This works for all read operations and will raise a `TypeError` for
+    methods that usually change data which isn't possible.
+
+    From Werkzeug 0.3 onwards, the `KeyError` raised by this class is also a
+    subclass of the :exc:`~exceptions.BadRequest` HTTP exception and will
+    render a page for a ``400 BAD REQUEST`` if caught in a catch-all for HTTP
+    exceptions.
+    """
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: t.SupportsIndex) -> t.Any:
+        return type(self), (self.dicts,)
+
+    def __init__(self, dicts: cabc.Iterable[MultiDict[K, V]] | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.dicts: list[MultiDict[K, V]] = list(dicts or ())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, keys: t.Any, value: t.Any = None) -> t.NoReturn:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot create {cls.__name__!r} instances by fromkeys")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: K) -> V:
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            if key in d:
+                return d[key]
+        raise exceptions.BadRequestKeyError(key)
+
+    @t.overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get(self, key: K) -> V | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: K, default: V) -> V: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: K, default: T) -> V | T: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> T | None: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, default: T, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> T: ...
+    def get(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        self,
+        key: K,
+        default: V | T | None = None,
+        type: cabc.Callable[[V], T] | None = None,
+    ) -> V | T | None:
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            if key in d:
+                if type is not None:
+                    try:
+                        return type(d[key])
+                    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                        continue
+                return d[key]
+        return default
+
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K) -> list[V]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def getlist(self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T]) -> list[T]: ...
+    def getlist(
+        self, key: K, type: cabc.Callable[[V], T] | None = None
+    ) -> list[V] | list[T]:
+        rv = []
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            rv.extend(d.getlist(key, type))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        return rv
+
+    def _keys_impl(self) -> set[K]:
+        """This function exists so __len__ can be implemented more efficiently,
+        saving one list creation from an iterator.
+        """
+        return set(k for d in self.dicts for k in d)
+
+    def keys(self) -> cabc.Iterable[K]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._keys_impl()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[K]:
+        return iter(self._keys_impl())
+
+    @t.overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def items(self) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]: ...
+    @t.overload
+    def items(self, multi: t.Literal[True]) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, list[V]]]: ...
+    def items(
+        self, multi: bool = False
+    ) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, list[V]]]:
+        found = set()
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            for key, value in d.items(multi):
+                if multi:
+                    yield key, value
+                elif key not in found:
+                    found.add(key)
+                    yield key, value
+
+    def values(self) -> cabc.Iterable[V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        for _, value in self.items():
+            yield value
+
+    def lists(self) -> cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, list[V]]]:
+        rv: dict[K, list[V]] = {}
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            for key, values in d.lists():
+                rv.setdefault(key, []).extend(values)
+        return rv.items()
+
+    def listvalues(self) -> cabc.Iterable[list[V]]:
+        return (x[1] for x in self.lists())
+
+    def copy(self) -> MultiDict[K, V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Return a shallow mutable copy of this object.
+
+        This returns a :class:`MultiDict` representing the data at the
+        time of copying. The copy will no longer reflect changes to the
+        wrapped dicts.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+            Return a mutable :class:`MultiDict`.
+        """
+        return MultiDict(self)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._keys_impl())
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: K) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        for d in self.dicts:
+            if key in d:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.dicts!r})"
+
+
+class ImmutableDict(ImmutableDictMixin[K, V], dict[K, V]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """An immutable :class:`dict`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({dict.__repr__(self)})"
+
+    def copy(self) -> dict[K, V]:
+        """Return a shallow mutable copy of this object.  Keep in mind that
+        the standard library's :func:`copy` function is a no-op for this class
+        like for any other python immutable type (eg: :class:`tuple`).
+        """
+        return dict(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self
+
+
+class ImmutableMultiDict(ImmutableMultiDictMixin[K, V], MultiDict[K, V]):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """An immutable :class:`MultiDict`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+
+    def copy(self) -> MultiDict[K, V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Return a shallow mutable copy of this object.  Keep in mind that
+        the standard library's :func:`copy` function is a no-op for this class
+        like for any other python immutable type (eg: :class:`tuple`).
+        """
+        return MultiDict(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self
+
+
+class _ImmutableOrderedMultiDict(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    ImmutableMultiDictMixin[K, V], _OrderedMultiDict[K, V]
+):
+    """An immutable :class:`OrderedMultiDict`.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 3.1
+        Will be removed in Werkzeug 3.2. Use ``ImmutableMultiDict`` instead.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping: (
+            MultiDict[K, V]
+            | cabc.Mapping[K, V | list[V] | tuple[V, ...] | set[V]]
+            | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if mapping is not None:
+            for k, v in iter_multi_items(mapping):
+                _OrderedMultiDict.add(self, k, v)
+
+    def _iter_hashitems(self) -> cabc.Iterable[t.Any]:
+        return enumerate(self.items(multi=True))
+
+    def copy(self) -> _OrderedMultiDict[K, V]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Return a shallow mutable copy of this object.  Keep in mind that
+        the standard library's :func:`copy` function is a no-op for this class
+        like for any other python immutable type (eg: :class:`tuple`).
+        """
+        return _OrderedMultiDict(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> te.Self:
+        return self
+
+
+class CallbackDict(UpdateDictMixin[K, V], dict[K, V]):
+    """A dict that calls a function passed every time something is changed.
+    The function is passed the dict instance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial: cabc.Mapping[K, V] | cabc.Iterable[tuple[K, V]] | None = None,
+        on_update: cabc.Callable[[te.Self], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if initial is None:
+            super().__init__()
+        else:
+            super().__init__(initial)
+
+        self.on_update = on_update
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {super().__repr__()}>"
+
+
+class HeaderSet(cabc.MutableSet[str]):
+    """Similar to the :class:`ETags` class this implements a set-like structure.
+    Unlike :class:`ETags` this is case insensitive and used for vary, allow, and
+    content-language headers.
+
+    If not constructed using the :func:`parse_set_header` function the
+    instantiation works like this:
+
+    >>> hs = HeaderSet(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
+    >>> hs
+    HeaderSet(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        on_update: cabc.Callable[[te.Self], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._headers = list(headers or ())
+        self._set = {x.lower() for x in self._headers}
+        self.on_update = on_update
+
+    def add(self, header: str) -> None:
+        """Add a new header to the set."""
+        self.update((header,))
+
+    def remove(self: te.Self, header: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a header from the set.  This raises an :exc:`KeyError` if the
+        header is not in the set.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+            In older versions a :exc:`IndexError` was raised instead of a
+            :exc:`KeyError` if the object was missing.
+
+        :param header: the header to be removed.
+        """
+        key = header.lower()
+        if key not in self._set:
+            raise KeyError(header)
+        self._set.remove(key)
+        for idx, key in enumerate(self._headers):
+            if key.lower() == header:
+                del self._headers[idx]
+                break
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def update(self: te.Self, iterable: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        """Add all the headers from the iterable to the set.
+
+        :param iterable: updates the set with the items from the iterable.
+        """
+        inserted_any = False
+        for header in iterable:
+            key = header.lower()
+            if key not in self._set:
+                self._headers.append(header)
+                self._set.add(key)
+                inserted_any = True
+        if inserted_any and self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def discard(self, header: str) -> None:
+        """Like :meth:`remove` but ignores errors.
+
+        :param header: the header to be discarded.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.remove(header)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def find(self, header: str) -> int:
+        """Return the index of the header in the set or return -1 if not found.
+
+        :param header: the header to be looked up.
+        """
+        header = header.lower()
+        for idx, item in enumerate(self._headers):
+            if item.lower() == header:
+                return idx
+        return -1
+
+    def index(self, header: str) -> int:
+        """Return the index of the header in the set or raise an
+        :exc:`IndexError`.
+
+        :param header: the header to be looked up.
+        """
+        rv = self.find(header)
+        if rv < 0:
+            raise IndexError(header)
+        return rv
+
+    def clear(self: te.Self) -> None:
+        """Clear the set."""
+        self._set.clear()
+        self._headers.clear()
+
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def as_set(self, preserve_casing: bool = False) -> set[str]:
+        """Return the set as real python set type.  When calling this, all
+        the items are converted to lowercase and the ordering is lost.
+
+        :param preserve_casing: if set to `True` the items in the set returned
+                                will have the original case like in the
+                                :class:`HeaderSet`, otherwise they will
+                                be lowercase.
+        """
+        if preserve_casing:
+            return set(self._headers)
+        return set(self._set)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert the header set into an HTTP header string."""
+        return ", ".join(map(http.quote_header_value, self._headers))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: t.SupportsIndex) -> str:
+        return self._headers[idx]
+
+    def __delitem__(self: te.Self, idx: t.SupportsIndex) -> None:
+        rv = self._headers.pop(idx)
+        self._set.remove(rv.lower())
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def __setitem__(self: te.Self, idx: t.SupportsIndex, value: str) -> None:
+        old = self._headers[idx]
+        self._set.remove(old.lower())
+        self._headers[idx] = value
+        self._set.add(value.lower())
+        if self.on_update is not None:
+            self.on_update(self)
+
+    def __contains__(self, header: str) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return header.lower() in self._set
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._set)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._headers)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._set)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_header()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self._headers!r})"
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import http
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> t.Any:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "OrderedMultiDict":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OrderedMultiDict' is deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug"
+            " 3.2. Use 'MultiDict' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _OrderedMultiDict
+
+    if name == "ImmutableOrderedMultiDict":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'ImmutableOrderedMultiDict' is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " Werkzeug 3.2. Use 'ImmutableMultiDict' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _ImmutableOrderedMultiDict
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c4cabd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import getpass
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+import pkgutil
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from io import BytesIO
+from itertools import chain
+from multiprocessing import Value
+from os.path import basename
+from os.path import join
+from zlib import adler32
+
+from .._internal import _log
+from ..exceptions import NotFound
+from ..exceptions import SecurityError
+from ..http import parse_cookie
+from ..sansio.utils import host_is_trusted
+from ..security import gen_salt
+from ..utils import send_file
+from ..wrappers.request import Request
+from ..wrappers.response import Response
+from .console import Console
+from .tbtools import DebugFrameSummary
+from .tbtools import DebugTraceback
+from .tbtools import render_console_html
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+# A week
+PIN_TIME = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
+
+
+def hash_pin(pin: str) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha1(f"{pin} added salt".encode("utf-8", "replace")).hexdigest()[:12]
+
+
+_machine_id: str | bytes | None = None
+
+
+def get_machine_id() -> str | bytes | None:
+    global _machine_id
+
+    if _machine_id is not None:
+        return _machine_id
+
+    def _generate() -> str | bytes | None:
+        linux = b""
+
+        # machine-id is stable across boots, boot_id is not.
+        for filename in "/etc/machine-id", "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id":
+            try:
+                with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+                    value = f.readline().strip()
+            except OSError:
+                continue
+
+            if value:
+                linux += value
+                break
+
+        # Containers share the same machine id, add some cgroup
+        # information. This is used outside containers too but should be
+        # relatively stable across boots.
+        try:
+            with open("/proc/self/cgroup", "rb") as f:
+                linux += f.readline().strip().rpartition(b"/")[2]
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        if linux:
+            return linux
+
+        # On OS X, use ioreg to get the computer's serial number.
+        try:
+            # subprocess may not be available, e.g. Google App Engine
+            # https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues/925
+            from subprocess import PIPE
+            from subprocess import Popen
+
+            dump = Popen(
+                ["ioreg", "-c", "IOPlatformExpertDevice", "-d", "2"], stdout=PIPE
+            ).communicate()[0]
+            match = re.search(b'"serial-number" = <([^>]+)', dump)
+
+            if match is not None:
+                return match.group(1)
+        except (OSError, ImportError):
+            pass
+
+        # On Windows, use winreg to get the machine guid.
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            import winreg
+
+            try:
+                with winreg.OpenKey(
+                    winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+                    "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography",
+                    0,
+                    winreg.KEY_READ | winreg.KEY_WOW64_64KEY,
+                ) as rk:
+                    guid: str | bytes
+                    guid_type: int
+                    guid, guid_type = winreg.QueryValueEx(rk, "MachineGuid")
+
+                    if guid_type == winreg.REG_SZ:
+                        return guid.encode()
+
+                    return guid
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+        return None
+
+    _machine_id = _generate()
+    return _machine_id
+
+
+class _ConsoleFrame:
+    """Helper class so that we can reuse the frame console code for the
+    standalone console.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, namespace: dict[str, t.Any]):
+        self.console = Console(namespace)
+        self.id = 0
+
+    def eval(self, code: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self.console.eval(code)
+
+
+def get_pin_and_cookie_name(
+    app: WSGIApplication,
+) -> tuple[str, str] | tuple[None, None]:
+    """Given an application object this returns a semi-stable 9 digit pin
+    code and a random key.  The hope is that this is stable between
+    restarts to not make debugging particularly frustrating.  If the pin
+    was forcefully disabled this returns `None`.
+
+    Second item in the resulting tuple is the cookie name for remembering.
+    """
+    pin = os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_DEBUG_PIN")
+    rv = None
+    num = None
+
+    # Pin was explicitly disabled
+    if pin == "off":
+        return None, None
+
+    # Pin was provided explicitly
+    if pin is not None and pin.replace("-", "").isdecimal():
+        # If there are separators in the pin, return it directly
+        if "-" in pin:
+            rv = pin
+        else:
+            num = pin
+
+    modname = getattr(app, "__module__", t.cast(object, app).__class__.__module__)
+    username: str | None
+
+    try:
+        # getuser imports the pwd module, which does not exist in Google
+        # App Engine. It may also raise a KeyError if the UID does not
+        # have a username, such as in Docker.
+        username = getpass.getuser()
+    # Python >= 3.13 only raises OSError
+    except (ImportError, KeyError, OSError):
+        username = None
+
+    mod = sys.modules.get(modname)
+
+    # This information only exists to make the cookie unique on the
+    # computer, not as a security feature.
+    probably_public_bits = [
+        username,
+        modname,
+        getattr(app, "__name__", type(app).__name__),
+        getattr(mod, "__file__", None),
+    ]
+
+    # This information is here to make it harder for an attacker to
+    # guess the cookie name.  They are unlikely to be contained anywhere
+    # within the unauthenticated debug page.
+    private_bits = [str(uuid.getnode()), get_machine_id()]
+
+    h = hashlib.sha1()
+    for bit in chain(probably_public_bits, private_bits):
+        if not bit:
+            continue
+        if isinstance(bit, str):
+            bit = bit.encode()
+        h.update(bit)
+    h.update(b"cookiesalt")
+
+    cookie_name = f"__wzd{h.hexdigest()[:20]}"
+
+    # If we need to generate a pin we salt it a bit more so that we don't
+    # end up with the same value and generate out 9 digits
+    if num is None:
+        h.update(b"pinsalt")
+        num = f"{int(h.hexdigest(), 16):09d}"[:9]
+
+    # Format the pincode in groups of digits for easier remembering if
+    # we don't have a result yet.
+    if rv is None:
+        for group_size in 5, 4, 3:
+            if len(num) % group_size == 0:
+                rv = "-".join(
+                    num[x : x + group_size].rjust(group_size, "0")
+                    for x in range(0, len(num), group_size)
+                )
+                break
+        else:
+            rv = num
+
+    return rv, cookie_name
+
+
+class DebuggedApplication:
+    """Enables debugging support for a given application::
+
+        from werkzeug.debug import DebuggedApplication
+        from myapp import app
+        app = DebuggedApplication(app, evalex=True)
+
+    The ``evalex`` argument allows evaluating expressions in any frame
+    of a traceback. This works by preserving each frame with its local
+    state. Some state, such as context globals, cannot be restored with
+    the frame by default. When ``evalex`` is enabled,
+    ``environ["werkzeug.debug.preserve_context"]`` will be a callable
+    that takes a context manager, and can be called multiple times.
+    Each context manager will be entered before evaluating code in the
+    frame, then exited again, so they can perform setup and cleanup for
+    each call.
+
+    :param app: the WSGI application to run debugged.
+    :param evalex: enable exception evaluation feature (interactive
+                   debugging).  This requires a non-forking server.
+    :param request_key: The key that points to the request object in this
+                        environment.  This parameter is ignored in current
+                        versions.
+    :param console_path: the URL for a general purpose console.
+    :param console_init_func: the function that is executed before starting
+                              the general purpose console.  The return value
+                              is used as initial namespace.
+    :param show_hidden_frames: by default hidden traceback frames are skipped.
+                               You can show them by setting this parameter
+                               to `True`.
+    :param pin_security: can be used to disable the pin based security system.
+    :param pin_logging: enables the logging of the pin system.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Added the ``werkzeug.debug.preserve_context`` environ key.
+    """
+
+    _pin: str
+    _pin_cookie: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        evalex: bool = False,
+        request_key: str = "werkzeug.request",
+        console_path: str = "/console",
+        console_init_func: t.Callable[[], dict[str, t.Any]] | None = None,
+        show_hidden_frames: bool = False,
+        pin_security: bool = True,
+        pin_logging: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not console_init_func:
+            console_init_func = None
+        self.app = app
+        self.evalex = evalex
+        self.frames: dict[int, DebugFrameSummary | _ConsoleFrame] = {}
+        self.frame_contexts: dict[int, list[t.ContextManager[None]]] = {}
+        self.request_key = request_key
+        self.console_path = console_path
+        self.console_init_func = console_init_func
+        self.show_hidden_frames = show_hidden_frames
+        self.secret = gen_salt(20)
+        self._failed_pin_auth = Value("B")
+
+        self.pin_logging = pin_logging
+        if pin_security:
+            # Print out the pin for the debugger on standard out.
+            if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true" and pin_logging:
+                _log("warning", " * Debugger is active!")
+                if self.pin is None:
+                    _log("warning", " * Debugger PIN disabled. DEBUGGER UNSECURED!")
+                else:
+                    _log("info", " * Debugger PIN: %s", self.pin)
+        else:
+            self.pin = None
+
+        self.trusted_hosts: list[str] = [".localhost", "127.0.0.1"]
+        """List of domains to allow requests to the debugger from. A leading dot
+        allows all subdomains. This only allows ``".localhost"`` domains by
+        default.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0.3
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def pin(self) -> str | None:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_pin"):
+            pin_cookie = get_pin_and_cookie_name(self.app)
+            self._pin, self._pin_cookie = pin_cookie  # type: ignore
+        return self._pin
+
+    @pin.setter
+    def pin(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._pin = value
+
+    @property
+    def pin_cookie_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the pin cookie."""
+        if not hasattr(self, "_pin_cookie"):
+            pin_cookie = get_pin_and_cookie_name(self.app)
+            self._pin, self._pin_cookie = pin_cookie  # type: ignore
+        return self._pin_cookie
+
+    def debug_application(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """Run the application and conserve the traceback frames."""
+        contexts: list[t.ContextManager[t.Any]] = []
+
+        if self.evalex:
+            environ["werkzeug.debug.preserve_context"] = contexts.append
+
+        app_iter = None
+        try:
+            app_iter = self.app(environ, start_response)
+            yield from app_iter
+            if hasattr(app_iter, "close"):
+                app_iter.close()
+        except Exception as e:
+            if hasattr(app_iter, "close"):
+                app_iter.close()  # type: ignore
+
+            tb = DebugTraceback(e, skip=1, hide=not self.show_hidden_frames)
+
+            for frame in tb.all_frames:
+                self.frames[id(frame)] = frame
+                self.frame_contexts[id(frame)] = contexts
+
+            is_trusted = bool(self.check_pin_trust(environ))
+            html = tb.render_debugger_html(
+                evalex=self.evalex and self.check_host_trust(environ),
+                secret=self.secret,
+                evalex_trusted=is_trusted,
+            )
+            response = Response(html, status=500, mimetype="text/html")
+
+            try:
+                yield from response(environ, start_response)
+            except Exception:
+                # if we end up here there has been output but an error
+                # occurred.  in that situation we can do nothing fancy any
+                # more, better log something into the error log and fall
+                # back gracefully.
+                environ["wsgi.errors"].write(
+                    "Debugging middleware caught exception in streamed "
+                    "response at a point where response headers were already "
+                    "sent.\n"
+                )
+
+            environ["wsgi.errors"].write("".join(tb.render_traceback_text()))
+
+    def execute_command(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        command: str,
+        frame: DebugFrameSummary | _ConsoleFrame,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Execute a command in a console."""
+        if not self.check_host_trust(request.environ):
+            return SecurityError()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        contexts = self.frame_contexts.get(id(frame), [])
+
+        with ExitStack() as exit_stack:
+            for cm in contexts:
+                exit_stack.enter_context(cm)
+
+            return Response(frame.eval(command), mimetype="text/html")
+
+    def display_console(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """Display a standalone shell."""
+        if not self.check_host_trust(request.environ):
+            return SecurityError()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        if 0 not in self.frames:
+            if self.console_init_func is None:
+                ns = {}
+            else:
+                ns = dict(self.console_init_func())
+            ns.setdefault("app", self.app)
+            self.frames[0] = _ConsoleFrame(ns)
+        is_trusted = bool(self.check_pin_trust(request.environ))
+        return Response(
+            render_console_html(secret=self.secret, evalex_trusted=is_trusted),
+            mimetype="text/html",
+        )
+
+    def get_resource(self, request: Request, filename: str) -> Response:
+        """Return a static resource from the shared folder."""
+        path = join("shared", basename(filename))
+
+        try:
+            data = pkgutil.get_data(__package__, path)
+        except OSError:
+            return NotFound()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        else:
+            if data is None:
+                return NotFound()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+            etag = str(adler32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+            return send_file(
+                BytesIO(data), request.environ, download_name=filename, etag=etag
+            )
+
+    def check_pin_trust(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> bool | None:
+        """Checks if the request passed the pin test.  This returns `True` if the
+        request is trusted on a pin/cookie basis and returns `False` if not.
+        Additionally if the cookie's stored pin hash is wrong it will return
+        `None` so that appropriate action can be taken.
+        """
+        if self.pin is None:
+            return True
+        val = parse_cookie(environ).get(self.pin_cookie_name)
+        if not val or "|" not in val:
+            return False
+        ts_str, pin_hash = val.split("|", 1)
+
+        try:
+            ts = int(ts_str)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        if pin_hash != hash_pin(self.pin):
+            return None
+        return (time.time() - PIN_TIME) < ts
+
+    def check_host_trust(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> bool:
+        return host_is_trusted(environ.get("HTTP_HOST"), self.trusted_hosts)
+
+    def _fail_pin_auth(self) -> None:
+        with self._failed_pin_auth.get_lock():
+            count = self._failed_pin_auth.value
+            self._failed_pin_auth.value = count + 1
+
+        time.sleep(5.0 if count > 5 else 0.5)
+
+    def pin_auth(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """Authenticates with the pin."""
+        if not self.check_host_trust(request.environ):
+            return SecurityError()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        exhausted = False
+        auth = False
+        trust = self.check_pin_trust(request.environ)
+        pin = t.cast(str, self.pin)
+
+        # If the trust return value is `None` it means that the cookie is
+        # set but the stored pin hash value is bad.  This means that the
+        # pin was changed.  In this case we count a bad auth and unset the
+        # cookie.  This way it becomes harder to guess the cookie name
+        # instead of the pin as we still count up failures.
+        bad_cookie = False
+        if trust is None:
+            self._fail_pin_auth()
+            bad_cookie = True
+
+        # If we're trusted, we're authenticated.
+        elif trust:
+            auth = True
+
+        # If we failed too many times, then we're locked out.
+        elif self._failed_pin_auth.value > 10:
+            exhausted = True
+
+        # Otherwise go through pin based authentication
+        else:
+            entered_pin = request.args["pin"]
+
+            if entered_pin.strip().replace("-", "") == pin.replace("-", ""):
+                self._failed_pin_auth.value = 0
+                auth = True
+            else:
+                self._fail_pin_auth()
+
+        rv = Response(
+            json.dumps({"auth": auth, "exhausted": exhausted}),
+            mimetype="application/json",
+        )
+        if auth:
+            rv.set_cookie(
+                self.pin_cookie_name,
+                f"{int(time.time())}|{hash_pin(pin)}",
+                httponly=True,
+                samesite="Strict",
+                secure=request.is_secure,
+            )
+        elif bad_cookie:
+            rv.delete_cookie(self.pin_cookie_name)
+        return rv
+
+    def log_pin_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """Log the pin if needed."""
+        if not self.check_host_trust(request.environ):
+            return SecurityError()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        if self.pin_logging and self.pin is not None:
+            _log(
+                "info", " * To enable the debugger you need to enter the security pin:"
+            )
+            _log("info", " * Debugger pin code: %s", self.pin)
+        return Response("")
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """Dispatch the requests."""
+        # important: don't ever access a function here that reads the incoming
+        # form data!  Otherwise the application won't have access to that data
+        # any more!
+        request = Request(environ)
+        response = self.debug_application
+        if request.args.get("__debugger__") == "yes":
+            cmd = request.args.get("cmd")
+            arg = request.args.get("f")
+            secret = request.args.get("s")
+            frame = self.frames.get(request.args.get("frm", type=int))  # type: ignore
+            if cmd == "resource" and arg:
+                response = self.get_resource(request, arg)  # type: ignore
+            elif cmd == "pinauth" and secret == self.secret:
+                response = self.pin_auth(request)  # type: ignore
+            elif cmd == "printpin" and secret == self.secret:
+                response = self.log_pin_request(request)  # type: ignore
+            elif (
+                self.evalex
+                and cmd is not None
+                and frame is not None
+                and self.secret == secret
+                and self.check_pin_trust(environ)
+            ):
+                response = self.execute_command(request, cmd, frame)  # type: ignore
+        elif (
+            self.evalex
+            and self.console_path is not None
+            and request.path == self.console_path
+        ):
+            response = self.display_console(request)  # type: ignore
+        return response(environ, start_response)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/__pycache__/tbtools.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/__pycache__/tbtools.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e40475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import code
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from types import CodeType
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+
+from .repr import debug_repr
+from .repr import dump
+from .repr import helper
+
+_stream: ContextVar[HTMLStringO] = ContextVar("werkzeug.debug.console.stream")
+_ipy: ContextVar[_InteractiveConsole] = ContextVar("werkzeug.debug.console.ipy")
+
+
+class HTMLStringO:
+    """A StringO version that HTML escapes on write."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._buffer: list[str] = []
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def seek(self, n: int, mode: int = 0) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def readline(self) -> str:
+        if len(self._buffer) == 0:
+            return ""
+        ret = self._buffer[0]
+        del self._buffer[0]
+        return ret
+
+    def reset(self) -> str:
+        val = "".join(self._buffer)
+        del self._buffer[:]
+        return val
+
+    def _write(self, x: str) -> None:
+        self._buffer.append(x)
+
+    def write(self, x: str) -> None:
+        self._write(escape(x))
+
+    def writelines(self, x: t.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        self._write(escape("".join(x)))
+
+
+class ThreadedStream:
+    """Thread-local wrapper for sys.stdout for the interactive console."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def push() -> None:
+        if not isinstance(sys.stdout, ThreadedStream):
+            sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, ThreadedStream())
+
+        _stream.set(HTMLStringO())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def fetch() -> str:
+        try:
+            stream = _stream.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            return ""
+
+        return stream.reset()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def displayhook(obj: object) -> None:
+        try:
+            stream = _stream.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            return _displayhook(obj)  # type: ignore
+
+        # stream._write bypasses escaping as debug_repr is
+        # already generating HTML for us.
+        if obj is not None:
+            _ipy.get().locals["_"] = obj
+            stream._write(debug_repr(obj))
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        raise AttributeError(f"read only attribute {name}")
+
+    def __dir__(self) -> list[str]:
+        return dir(sys.__stdout__)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        try:
+            stream = _stream.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            stream = sys.__stdout__  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return getattr(stream, name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(sys.__stdout__)
+
+
+# add the threaded stream as display hook
+_displayhook = sys.displayhook
+sys.displayhook = ThreadedStream.displayhook
+
+
+class _ConsoleLoader:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._storage: dict[int, str] = {}
+
+    def register(self, code: CodeType, source: str) -> None:
+        self._storage[id(code)] = source
+        # register code objects of wrapped functions too.
+        for var in code.co_consts:
+            if isinstance(var, CodeType):
+                self._storage[id(var)] = source
+
+    def get_source_by_code(self, code: CodeType) -> str | None:
+        try:
+            return self._storage[id(code)]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+
+class _InteractiveConsole(code.InteractiveInterpreter):
+    locals: dict[str, t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, globals: dict[str, t.Any], locals: dict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.loader = _ConsoleLoader()
+        locals = {
+            **globals,
+            **locals,
+            "dump": dump,
+            "help": helper,
+            "__loader__": self.loader,
+        }
+        super().__init__(locals)
+        original_compile = self.compile
+
+        def compile(source: str, filename: str, symbol: str) -> CodeType | None:
+            code = original_compile(source, filename, symbol)
+
+            if code is not None:
+                self.loader.register(code, source)
+
+            return code
+
+        self.compile = compile  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.more = False
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+
+    def runsource(self, source: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        source = f"{source.rstrip()}\n"
+        ThreadedStream.push()
+        prompt = "... " if self.more else ">>> "
+        try:
+            source_to_eval = "".join(self.buffer + [source])
+            if super().runsource(source_to_eval, "<debugger>", "single"):
+                self.more = True
+                self.buffer.append(source)
+            else:
+                self.more = False
+                del self.buffer[:]
+        finally:
+            output = ThreadedStream.fetch()
+        return f"{prompt}{escape(source)}{output}"
+
+    def runcode(self, code: CodeType) -> None:
+        try:
+            exec(code, self.locals)
+        except Exception:
+            self.showtraceback()
+
+    def showtraceback(self) -> None:
+        from .tbtools import DebugTraceback
+
+        exc = t.cast(BaseException, sys.exc_info()[1])
+        te = DebugTraceback(exc, skip=1)
+        sys.stdout._write(te.render_traceback_html())  # type: ignore
+
+    def showsyntaxerror(self, filename: str | None = None) -> None:
+        from .tbtools import DebugTraceback
+
+        exc = t.cast(BaseException, sys.exc_info()[1])
+        te = DebugTraceback(exc, skip=4)
+        sys.stdout._write(te.render_traceback_html())  # type: ignore
+
+    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
+        sys.stdout.write(data)
+
+
+class Console:
+    """An interactive console."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        globals: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        locals: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = {}
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+        self._ipy = _InteractiveConsole(globals, locals)
+
+    def eval(self, code: str) -> str:
+        _ipy.set(self._ipy)
+        old_sys_stdout = sys.stdout
+        try:
+            return self._ipy.runsource(code)
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = old_sys_stdout
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/repr.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bbd9d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+"""Object representations for debugging purposes. Unlike the default
+repr, these expose more information and produce HTML instead of ASCII.
+
+Together with the CSS and JavaScript of the debugger this gives a
+colorful and more compact output.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+from traceback import format_exception_only
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+
+missing = object()
+_paragraph_re = re.compile(r"(?:\r\n|\r|\n){2,}")
+RegexType = type(_paragraph_re)
+
+HELP_HTML = """\
+<div class=box>
+  <h3>%(title)s</h3>
+  <pre class=help>%(text)s</pre>
+</div>\
+"""
+OBJECT_DUMP_HTML = """\
+<div class=box>
+  <h3>%(title)s</h3>
+  %(repr)s
+  <table>%(items)s</table>
+</div>\
+"""
+
+
+def debug_repr(obj: object) -> str:
+    """Creates a debug repr of an object as HTML string."""
+    return DebugReprGenerator().repr(obj)
+
+
+def dump(obj: object = missing) -> None:
+    """Print the object details to stdout._write (for the interactive
+    console of the web debugger.
+    """
+    gen = DebugReprGenerator()
+    if obj is missing:
+        rv = gen.dump_locals(sys._getframe(1).f_locals)
+    else:
+        rv = gen.dump_object(obj)
+    sys.stdout._write(rv)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class _Helper:
+    """Displays an HTML version of the normal help, for the interactive
+    debugger only because it requires a patched sys.stdout.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Type help(object) for help about object."
+
+    def __call__(self, topic: t.Any | None = None) -> None:
+        if topic is None:
+            sys.stdout._write(f"<span class=help>{self!r}</span>")  # type: ignore
+            return
+        import pydoc
+
+        pydoc.help(topic)
+        rv = sys.stdout.reset()  # type: ignore
+        paragraphs = _paragraph_re.split(rv)
+        if len(paragraphs) > 1:
+            title = paragraphs[0]
+            text = "\n\n".join(paragraphs[1:])
+        else:
+            title = "Help"
+            text = paragraphs[0]
+        sys.stdout._write(HELP_HTML % {"title": title, "text": text})  # type: ignore
+
+
+helper = _Helper()
+
+
+def _add_subclass_info(inner: str, obj: object, base: type | tuple[type, ...]) -> str:
+    if isinstance(base, tuple):
+        for cls in base:
+            if type(obj) is cls:
+                return inner
+    elif type(obj) is base:
+        return inner
+    module = ""
+    if obj.__class__.__module__ not in ("__builtin__", "exceptions"):
+        module = f'<span class="module">{obj.__class__.__module__}.</span>'
+    return f"{module}{type(obj).__name__}({inner})"
+
+
+def _sequence_repr_maker(
+    left: str, right: str, base: type, limit: int = 8
+) -> t.Callable[[DebugReprGenerator, t.Iterable[t.Any], bool], str]:
+    def proxy(self: DebugReprGenerator, obj: t.Iterable[t.Any], recursive: bool) -> str:
+        if recursive:
+            return _add_subclass_info(f"{left}...{right}", obj, base)
+        buf = [left]
+        have_extended_section = False
+        for idx, item in enumerate(obj):
+            if idx:
+                buf.append(", ")
+            if idx == limit:
+                buf.append('<span class="extended">')
+                have_extended_section = True
+            buf.append(self.repr(item))
+        if have_extended_section:
+            buf.append("</span>")
+        buf.append(right)
+        return _add_subclass_info("".join(buf), obj, base)
+
+    return proxy
+
+
+class DebugReprGenerator:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stack: list[t.Any] = []
+
+    list_repr = _sequence_repr_maker("[", "]", list)
+    tuple_repr = _sequence_repr_maker("(", ")", tuple)
+    set_repr = _sequence_repr_maker("set([", "])", set)
+    frozenset_repr = _sequence_repr_maker("frozenset([", "])", frozenset)
+    deque_repr = _sequence_repr_maker(
+        '<span class="module">collections.</span>deque([', "])", deque
+    )
+
+    def regex_repr(self, obj: t.Pattern[t.AnyStr]) -> str:
+        pattern = repr(obj.pattern)
+        pattern = codecs.decode(pattern, "unicode-escape", "ignore")
+        pattern = f"r{pattern}"
+        return f're.compile(<span class="string regex">{pattern}</span>)'
+
+    def string_repr(self, obj: str | bytes, limit: int = 70) -> str:
+        buf = ['<span class="string">']
+        r = repr(obj)
+
+        # shorten the repr when the hidden part would be at least 3 chars
+        if len(r) - limit > 2:
+            buf.extend(
+                (
+                    escape(r[:limit]),
+                    '<span class="extended">',
+                    escape(r[limit:]),
+                    "</span>",
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            buf.append(escape(r))
+
+        buf.append("</span>")
+        out = "".join(buf)
+
+        # if the repr looks like a standard string, add subclass info if needed
+        if r[0] in "'\"" or (r[0] == "b" and r[1] in "'\""):
+            return _add_subclass_info(out, obj, (bytes, str))
+
+        # otherwise, assume the repr distinguishes the subclass already
+        return out
+
+    def dict_repr(
+        self,
+        d: dict[int, None] | dict[str, int] | dict[str | int, int],
+        recursive: bool,
+        limit: int = 5,
+    ) -> str:
+        if recursive:
+            return _add_subclass_info("{...}", d, dict)
+        buf = ["{"]
+        have_extended_section = False
+        for idx, (key, value) in enumerate(d.items()):
+            if idx:
+                buf.append(", ")
+            if idx == limit - 1:
+                buf.append('<span class="extended">')
+                have_extended_section = True
+            buf.append(
+                f'<span class="pair"><span class="key">{self.repr(key)}</span>:'
+                f' <span class="value">{self.repr(value)}</span></span>'
+            )
+        if have_extended_section:
+            buf.append("</span>")
+        buf.append("}")
+        return _add_subclass_info("".join(buf), d, dict)
+
+    def object_repr(self, obj: t.Any) -> str:
+        r = repr(obj)
+        return f'<span class="object">{escape(r)}</span>'
+
+    def dispatch_repr(self, obj: t.Any, recursive: bool) -> str:
+        if obj is helper:
+            return f'<span class="help">{helper!r}</span>'
+        if isinstance(obj, (int, float, complex)):
+            return f'<span class="number">{obj!r}</span>'
+        if isinstance(obj, str) or isinstance(obj, bytes):
+            return self.string_repr(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, RegexType):
+            return self.regex_repr(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, list):
+            return self.list_repr(obj, recursive)
+        if isinstance(obj, tuple):
+            return self.tuple_repr(obj, recursive)
+        if isinstance(obj, set):
+            return self.set_repr(obj, recursive)
+        if isinstance(obj, frozenset):
+            return self.frozenset_repr(obj, recursive)
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            return self.dict_repr(obj, recursive)
+        if isinstance(obj, deque):
+            return self.deque_repr(obj, recursive)
+        return self.object_repr(obj)
+
+    def fallback_repr(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            info = "".join(format_exception_only(*sys.exc_info()[:2]))
+        except Exception:
+            info = "?"
+        return (
+            '<span class="brokenrepr">'
+            f"&lt;broken repr ({escape(info.strip())})&gt;</span>"
+        )
+
+    def repr(self, obj: object) -> str:
+        recursive = False
+        for item in self._stack:
+            if item is obj:
+                recursive = True
+                break
+        self._stack.append(obj)
+        try:
+            try:
+                return self.dispatch_repr(obj, recursive)
+            except Exception:
+                return self.fallback_repr()
+        finally:
+            self._stack.pop()
+
+    def dump_object(self, obj: object) -> str:
+        repr = None
+        items: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
+
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            title = "Contents of"
+            items = []
+            for key, value in obj.items():
+                if not isinstance(key, str):
+                    items = None
+                    break
+                items.append((key, self.repr(value)))
+        if items is None:
+            items = []
+            repr = self.repr(obj)
+            for key in dir(obj):
+                try:
+                    items.append((key, self.repr(getattr(obj, key))))
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            title = "Details for"
+        title += f" {object.__repr__(obj)[1:-1]}"
+        return self.render_object_dump(items, title, repr)
+
+    def dump_locals(self, d: dict[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+        items = [(key, self.repr(value)) for key, value in d.items()]
+        return self.render_object_dump(items, "Local variables in frame")
+
+    def render_object_dump(
+        self, items: list[tuple[str, str]], title: str, repr: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        html_items = []
+        for key, value in items:
+            html_items.append(f"<tr><th>{escape(key)}<td><pre class=repr>{value}</pre>")
+        if not html_items:
+            html_items.append("<tr><td><em>Nothing</em>")
+        return OBJECT_DUMP_HTML % {
+            "title": escape(title),
+            "repr": f"<pre class=repr>{repr if repr else ''}</pre>",
+            "items": "\n".join(html_items),
+        }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/ICON_LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/ICON_LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bdbfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/ICON_LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Silk icon set 1.3 by Mark James <mjames@gmail.com>
+
+http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/silk/
+
+License: [CC-BY-2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/)
+or [CC-BY-3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/console.png b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/console.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c28dd63
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/console.png differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/debugger.js b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/debugger.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..809b14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/debugger.js
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+docReady(() => {
+  if (!EVALEX_TRUSTED) {
+    initPinBox();
+  }
+  // if we are in console mode, show the console.
+  if (CONSOLE_MODE && EVALEX) {
+    createInteractiveConsole();
+  }
+
+  const frames = document.querySelectorAll("div.traceback div.frame");
+  if (EVALEX) {
+    addConsoleIconToFrames(frames);
+  }
+  addEventListenersToElements(document.querySelectorAll("div.detail"), "click", () =>
+    document.querySelector("div.traceback").scrollIntoView(false)
+  );
+  addToggleFrameTraceback(frames);
+  addToggleTraceTypesOnClick(document.querySelectorAll("h2.traceback"));
+  addInfoPrompt(document.querySelectorAll("span.nojavascript"));
+  wrapPlainTraceback();
+});
+
+function addToggleFrameTraceback(frames) {
+  frames.forEach((frame) => {
+    frame.addEventListener("click", () => {
+      frame.getElementsByTagName("pre")[0].parentElement.classList.toggle("expanded");
+    });
+  })
+}
+
+
+function wrapPlainTraceback() {
+  const plainTraceback = document.querySelector("div.plain textarea");
+  const wrapper = document.createElement("pre");
+  const textNode = document.createTextNode(plainTraceback.textContent);
+  wrapper.appendChild(textNode);
+  plainTraceback.replaceWith(wrapper);
+}
+
+function makeDebugURL(args) {
+  const params = new URLSearchParams(args)
+  params.set("s", SECRET)
+  return `?__debugger__=yes&${params}`
+}
+
+function initPinBox() {
+  document.querySelector(".pin-prompt form").addEventListener(
+    "submit",
+    function (event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      const btn = this.btn;
+      btn.disabled = true;
+
+      fetch(
+        makeDebugURL({cmd: "pinauth", pin: this.pin.value})
+      )
+        .then((res) => res.json())
+        .then(({auth, exhausted}) => {
+          if (auth) {
+            EVALEX_TRUSTED = true;
+            fadeOut(document.getElementsByClassName("pin-prompt")[0]);
+          } else {
+            alert(
+              `Error: ${
+                exhausted
+                  ? "too many attempts.  Restart server to retry."
+                  : "incorrect pin"
+              }`
+            );
+          }
+        })
+        .catch((err) => {
+          alert("Error: Could not verify PIN.  Network error?");
+          console.error(err);
+        })
+        .finally(() => (btn.disabled = false));
+    },
+    false
+  );
+}
+
+function promptForPin() {
+  if (!EVALEX_TRUSTED) {
+    fetch(makeDebugURL({cmd: "printpin"}));
+    const pinPrompt = document.getElementsByClassName("pin-prompt")[0];
+    fadeIn(pinPrompt);
+    document.querySelector('.pin-prompt input[name="pin"]').focus();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper function for shell initialization
+ */
+function openShell(consoleNode, target, frameID) {
+  promptForPin();
+  if (consoleNode) {
+    slideToggle(consoleNode);
+    return consoleNode;
+  }
+  let historyPos = 0;
+  const history = [""];
+  const consoleElement = createConsole();
+  const output = createConsoleOutput();
+  const form = createConsoleInputForm();
+  const command = createConsoleInput();
+
+  target.parentNode.appendChild(consoleElement);
+  consoleElement.append(output);
+  consoleElement.append(form);
+  form.append(command);
+  command.focus();
+  slideToggle(consoleElement);
+
+  form.addEventListener("submit", (e) => {
+    handleConsoleSubmit(e, command, frameID).then((consoleOutput) => {
+      output.append(consoleOutput);
+      command.focus();
+      consoleElement.scrollTo(0, consoleElement.scrollHeight);
+      const old = history.pop();
+      history.push(command.value);
+      if (typeof old !== "undefined") {
+        history.push(old);
+      }
+      historyPos = history.length - 1;
+      command.value = "";
+    });
+  });
+
+  command.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+    if (e.key === "l" && e.ctrlKey) {
+      output.innerText = "--- screen cleared ---";
+    } else if (e.key === "ArrowUp" || e.key === "ArrowDown") {
+      // Handle up arrow and down arrow.
+      if (e.key === "ArrowUp" && historyPos > 0) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        historyPos--;
+      } else if (e.key === "ArrowDown" && historyPos < history.length - 1) {
+        historyPos++;
+      }
+      command.value = history[historyPos];
+    }
+    return false;
+  });
+
+  return consoleElement;
+}
+
+function addEventListenersToElements(elements, event, listener) {
+  elements.forEach((el) => el.addEventListener(event, listener));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add extra info
+ */
+function addInfoPrompt(elements) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    elements[i].innerHTML =
+      "<p>To switch between the interactive traceback and the plaintext " +
+      'one, you can click on the "Traceback" headline. From the text ' +
+      "traceback you can also create a paste of it. " +
+      (!EVALEX
+        ? ""
+        : "For code execution mouse-over the frame you want to debug and " +
+          "click on the console icon on the right side." +
+          "<p>You can execute arbitrary Python code in the stack frames and " +
+          "there are some extra helpers available for introspection:" +
+          "<ul><li><code>dump()</code> shows all variables in the frame" +
+          "<li><code>dump(obj)</code> dumps all that's known about the object</ul>");
+    elements[i].classList.remove("nojavascript");
+  }
+}
+
+function addConsoleIconToFrames(frames) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < frames.length; i++) {
+    let consoleNode = null;
+    const target = frames[i];
+    const frameID = frames[i].id.substring(6);
+
+    for (let j = 0; j < target.getElementsByTagName("pre").length; j++) {
+      const img = createIconForConsole();
+      img.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+        e.stopPropagation();
+        consoleNode = openShell(consoleNode, target, frameID);
+        return false;
+      });
+      target.getElementsByTagName("pre")[j].append(img);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function slideToggle(target) {
+  target.classList.toggle("active");
+}
+
+/**
+ * toggle traceback types on click.
+ */
+function addToggleTraceTypesOnClick(elements) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    elements[i].addEventListener("click", () => {
+      document.querySelector("div.traceback").classList.toggle("hidden");
+      document.querySelector("div.plain").classList.toggle("hidden");
+    });
+    elements[i].style.cursor = "pointer";
+    document.querySelector("div.plain").classList.toggle("hidden");
+  }
+}
+
+function createConsole() {
+  const consoleNode = document.createElement("pre");
+  consoleNode.classList.add("console");
+  consoleNode.classList.add("active");
+  return consoleNode;
+}
+
+function createConsoleOutput() {
+  const output = document.createElement("div");
+  output.classList.add("output");
+  output.innerHTML = "[console ready]";
+  return output;
+}
+
+function createConsoleInputForm() {
+  const form = document.createElement("form");
+  form.innerHTML = "&gt;&gt;&gt; ";
+  return form;
+}
+
+function createConsoleInput() {
+  const command = document.createElement("input");
+  command.type = "text";
+  command.setAttribute("autocomplete", "off");
+  command.setAttribute("spellcheck", false);
+  command.setAttribute("autocapitalize", "off");
+  command.setAttribute("autocorrect", "off");
+  return command;
+}
+
+function createIconForConsole() {
+  const img = document.createElement("img");
+  img.setAttribute("src", makeDebugURL({cmd: "resource", f: "console.png"}));
+  img.setAttribute("title", "Open an interactive python shell in this frame");
+  return img;
+}
+
+function createExpansionButtonForConsole() {
+  const expansionButton = document.createElement("a");
+  expansionButton.setAttribute("href", "#");
+  expansionButton.setAttribute("class", "toggle");
+  expansionButton.innerHTML = "&nbsp;&nbsp;";
+  return expansionButton;
+}
+
+function createInteractiveConsole() {
+  const target = document.querySelector("div.console div.inner");
+  while (target.firstChild) {
+    target.removeChild(target.firstChild);
+  }
+  openShell(null, target, 0);
+}
+
+function handleConsoleSubmit(e, command, frameID) {
+  // Prevent page from refreshing.
+  e.preventDefault();
+
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    fetch(makeDebugURL({cmd: command.value, frm: frameID}))
+      .then((res) => {
+        return res.text();
+      })
+      .then((data) => {
+        const tmp = document.createElement("div");
+        tmp.innerHTML = data;
+        resolve(tmp);
+
+        // Handle expandable span for long list outputs.
+        // Example to test: list(range(13))
+        let wrapperAdded = false;
+        const wrapperSpan = document.createElement("span");
+        const expansionButton = createExpansionButtonForConsole();
+
+        tmp.querySelectorAll("span.extended").forEach((spanToWrap) => {
+          const parentDiv = spanToWrap.parentNode;
+          if (!wrapperAdded) {
+            parentDiv.insertBefore(wrapperSpan, spanToWrap);
+            wrapperAdded = true;
+          }
+          parentDiv.removeChild(spanToWrap);
+          wrapperSpan.append(spanToWrap);
+          spanToWrap.hidden = true;
+
+          expansionButton.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            spanToWrap.hidden = !spanToWrap.hidden;
+            expansionButton.classList.toggle("open");
+            return false;
+          });
+        });
+
+        // Add expansion button at end of wrapper.
+        if (wrapperAdded) {
+          wrapperSpan.append(expansionButton);
+        }
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        console.error(err);
+      });
+    return false;
+  });
+}
+
+function fadeOut(element) {
+  element.style.opacity = 1;
+
+  (function fade() {
+    element.style.opacity -= 0.1;
+    if (element.style.opacity < 0) {
+      element.style.display = "none";
+    } else {
+      requestAnimationFrame(fade);
+    }
+  })();
+}
+
+function fadeIn(element, display) {
+  element.style.opacity = 0;
+  element.style.display = display || "block";
+
+  (function fade() {
+    let val = parseFloat(element.style.opacity) + 0.1;
+    if (val <= 1) {
+      element.style.opacity = val;
+      requestAnimationFrame(fade);
+    }
+  })();
+}
+
+function docReady(fn) {
+  if (document.readyState === "complete" || document.readyState === "interactive") {
+    setTimeout(fn, 1);
+  } else {
+    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", fn);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/less.png b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/less.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5efefd6
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/less.png differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/more.png b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/more.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..804fa22
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/more.png differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/style.css b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9397ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/shared/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+body, input  { font-family: sans-serif; color: #000; text-align: center;
+               margin: 1em; padding: 0; font-size: 15px; }
+h1, h2, h3   { font-weight: normal; }
+
+input        { background-color: #fff; margin: 0; text-align: left;
+               outline: none !important; }
+input[type="submit"] { padding: 3px 6px; }
+a            { color: #11557C; }
+a:hover      { color: #177199; }
+pre, code,
+textarea     { font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px; }
+
+div.debugger { text-align: left; padding: 12px; margin: auto;
+               background-color: white; }
+h1           { font-size: 36px; margin: 0 0 0.3em 0; }
+div.detail { cursor: pointer; }
+div.detail p { margin: 0 0 8px 13px; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;
+               font-family: monospace; }
+div.explanation { margin: 20px 13px; font-size: 15px; color: #555; }
+div.footer   { font-size: 13px; text-align: right; margin: 30px 0;
+               color: #86989B; }
+
+h2           { font-size: 16px; margin: 1.3em 0 0.0 0; padding: 9px;
+               background-color: #11557C; color: white; }
+h2 em, h3 em { font-style: normal; color: #A5D6D9; font-weight: normal; }
+
+div.traceback, div.plain { border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 1em 0; padding: 10px; }
+div.plain p      { margin: 0; }
+div.plain textarea,
+div.plain pre { margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding: 4px;
+                background-color: #E8EFF0; border: 1px solid #D3E7E9; }
+div.plain textarea { width: 99%; height: 300px; }
+div.traceback h3 { font-size: 1em; margin: 0 0 0.8em 0; }
+div.traceback ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
+div.traceback h4 { font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.7em 0 0.1em 0; }
+div.traceback pre { margin: 0; padding: 5px 0 3px 15px;
+                    background-color: #E8EFF0; border: 1px solid #D3E7E9; }
+div.traceback .library .current { background: white; color: #555; }
+div.traceback .expanded .current { background: #E8EFF0; color: black; }
+div.traceback pre:hover { background-color: #DDECEE; color: black; cursor: pointer; }
+div.traceback div.source.expanded pre + pre { border-top: none; }
+
+div.traceback span.ws { display: none; }
+div.traceback pre.before, div.traceback pre.after { display: none; background: white; }
+div.traceback div.source.expanded pre.before,
+div.traceback div.source.expanded pre.after {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+div.traceback div.source.expanded span.ws {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+div.traceback blockquote { margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 0; white-space: pre-line; }
+div.traceback img { float: right; padding: 2px; margin: -3px 2px 0 0; display: none; }
+div.traceback img:hover { background-color: #ddd; cursor: pointer;
+                          border-color: #BFDDE0; }
+div.traceback pre:hover img { display: block; }
+div.traceback cite.filename { font-style: normal; color: #3B666B; }
+
+pre.console { border: 1px solid #ccc; background: white!important;
+              color: black; padding: 5px!important;
+              margin: 3px 0 0 0!important; cursor: default!important;
+              max-height: 400px; overflow: auto; }
+pre.console form { color: #555; }
+pre.console input { background-color: transparent; color: #555;
+                    width: 90%; font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px;
+                     border: none!important; }
+
+span.string { color: #30799B; }
+span.number { color: #9C1A1C; }
+span.help   { color: #3A7734; }
+span.object { color: #485F6E; }
+span.extended { opacity: 0.5; }
+span.extended:hover { opacity: 1; }
+a.toggle { text-decoration: none; background-repeat: no-repeat;
+           background-position: center center;
+           background-image: url(?__debugger__=yes&cmd=resource&f=more.png); }
+a.toggle:hover { background-color: #444; }
+a.open { background-image: url(?__debugger__=yes&cmd=resource&f=less.png); }
+
+pre.console div.traceback,
+pre.console div.box { margin: 5px 10px; white-space: normal;
+                      border: 1px solid #11557C; padding: 10px;
+                      font-family: sans-serif;  }
+pre.console div.box h3,
+pre.console div.traceback h3 { margin: -10px -10px 10px -10px; padding: 5px;
+                               background: #11557C; color: white; }
+
+pre.console div.traceback pre:hover { cursor: default; background: #E8EFF0; }
+pre.console div.traceback pre.syntaxerror { background: inherit; border: none;
+                                            margin: 20px -10px -10px -10px;
+                                            padding: 10px; border-top: 1px solid #BFDDE0;
+                                            background: #E8EFF0; }
+pre.console div.noframe-traceback pre.syntaxerror { margin-top: -10px; border: none; }
+
+pre.console div.box pre.repr { padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color: white; border: none; }
+pre.console div.box table { margin-top: 6px; }
+pre.console div.box pre { border: none; }
+pre.console div.box pre.help { background-color: white; }
+pre.console div.box pre.help:hover { cursor: default; }
+pre.console table tr { vertical-align: top; }
+div.console { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 4px; background-color: #fafafa; }
+
+div.traceback pre, div.console pre {
+    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* css-3 should we be so lucky... */
+    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
+    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 ?? */
+    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 ?? */
+    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
+    _white-space: pre;           /* IE only hack to re-specify in
+                                 addition to word-wrap  */
+}
+
+
+div.pin-prompt {
+    position: absolute;
+    display: none;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
+}
+
+div.pin-prompt .inner {
+    background: #eee;
+    padding: 10px 50px;
+    width: 350px;
+    margin: 10% auto 0 auto;
+    border: 1px solid #ccc;
+    border-radius: 2px;
+}
+
+div.exc-divider {
+    margin: 0.7em 0 0 -1em;
+    padding: 0.5em;
+    background: #11557C;
+    color: #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+}
+
+.console.active {
+    max-height: 0!important;
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.hidden {
+    display: none;
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/tbtools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/tbtools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d922893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/debug/tbtools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import linecache
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import traceback
+import typing as t
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+
+from ..utils import cached_property
+from .console import Console
+
+HEADER = """\
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang=en>
+  <head>
+    <title>%(title)s // Werkzeug Debugger</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="?__debugger__=yes&amp;cmd=resource&amp;f=style.css">
+    <link rel="shortcut icon"
+        href="?__debugger__=yes&amp;cmd=resource&amp;f=console.png">
+    <script src="?__debugger__=yes&amp;cmd=resource&amp;f=debugger.js"></script>
+    <script>
+      var CONSOLE_MODE = %(console)s,
+          EVALEX = %(evalex)s,
+          EVALEX_TRUSTED = %(evalex_trusted)s,
+          SECRET = "%(secret)s";
+    </script>
+  </head>
+  <body style="background-color: #fff">
+    <div class="debugger">
+"""
+
+FOOTER = """\
+      <div class="footer">
+        Brought to you by <strong class="arthur">DON'T PANIC</strong>, your
+        friendly Werkzeug powered traceback interpreter.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="pin-prompt">
+      <div class="inner">
+        <h3>Console Locked</h3>
+        <p>
+          The console is locked and needs to be unlocked by entering the PIN.
+          You can find the PIN printed out on the standard output of your
+          shell that runs the server.
+        <form>
+          <p>PIN:
+            <input type=text name=pin size=14>
+            <input type=submit name=btn value="Confirm Pin">
+        </form>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+PAGE_HTML = (
+    HEADER
+    + """\
+<h1>%(exception_type)s</h1>
+<div class="detail">
+  <p class="errormsg">%(exception)s</p>
+</div>
+<h2 class="traceback">Traceback <em>(most recent call last)</em></h2>
+%(summary)s
+<div class="plain">
+    <p>
+      This is the Copy/Paste friendly version of the traceback.
+    </p>
+    <textarea cols="50" rows="10" name="code" readonly>%(plaintext)s</textarea>
+</div>
+<div class="explanation">
+  The debugger caught an exception in your WSGI application.  You can now
+  look at the traceback which led to the error.  <span class="nojavascript">
+  If you enable JavaScript you can also use additional features such as code
+  execution (if the evalex feature is enabled), automatic pasting of the
+  exceptions and much more.</span>
+</div>
+"""
+    + FOOTER
+    + """
+<!--
+
+%(plaintext_cs)s
+
+-->
+"""
+)
+
+CONSOLE_HTML = (
+    HEADER
+    + """\
+<h1>Interactive Console</h1>
+<div class="explanation">
+In this console you can execute Python expressions in the context of the
+application.  The initial namespace was created by the debugger automatically.
+</div>
+<div class="console"><div class="inner">The Console requires JavaScript.</div></div>
+"""
+    + FOOTER
+)
+
+SUMMARY_HTML = """\
+<div class="%(classes)s">
+  %(title)s
+  <ul>%(frames)s</ul>
+  %(description)s
+</div>
+"""
+
+FRAME_HTML = """\
+<div class="frame" id="frame-%(id)d">
+  <h4>File <cite class="filename">"%(filename)s"</cite>,
+      line <em class="line">%(lineno)s</em>,
+      in <code class="function">%(function_name)s</code></h4>
+  <div class="source %(library)s">%(lines)s</div>
+</div>
+"""
+
+
+def _process_traceback(
+    exc: BaseException,
+    te: traceback.TracebackException | None = None,
+    *,
+    skip: int = 0,
+    hide: bool = True,
+) -> traceback.TracebackException:
+    if te is None:
+        te = traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(exc, lookup_lines=False)
+
+    # Get the frames the same way StackSummary.extract did, in order
+    # to match each frame with the FrameSummary to augment.
+    frame_gen = traceback.walk_tb(exc.__traceback__)
+    limit = getattr(sys, "tracebacklimit", None)
+
+    if limit is not None:
+        if limit < 0:
+            limit = 0
+
+        frame_gen = itertools.islice(frame_gen, limit)
+
+    if skip:
+        frame_gen = itertools.islice(frame_gen, skip, None)
+        del te.stack[:skip]
+
+    new_stack: list[DebugFrameSummary] = []
+    hidden = False
+
+    # Match each frame with the FrameSummary that was generated.
+    # Hide frames using Paste's __traceback_hide__ rules. Replace
+    # all visible FrameSummary with DebugFrameSummary.
+    for (f, _), fs in zip(frame_gen, te.stack):
+        if hide:
+            hide_value = f.f_locals.get("__traceback_hide__", False)
+
+            if hide_value in {"before", "before_and_this"}:
+                new_stack = []
+                hidden = False
+
+                if hide_value == "before_and_this":
+                    continue
+            elif hide_value in {"reset", "reset_and_this"}:
+                hidden = False
+
+                if hide_value == "reset_and_this":
+                    continue
+            elif hide_value in {"after", "after_and_this"}:
+                hidden = True
+
+                if hide_value == "after_and_this":
+                    continue
+            elif hide_value or hidden:
+                continue
+
+        frame_args: dict[str, t.Any] = {
+            "filename": fs.filename,
+            "lineno": fs.lineno,
+            "name": fs.name,
+            "locals": f.f_locals,
+            "globals": f.f_globals,
+        }
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            frame_args["colno"] = fs.colno
+            frame_args["end_colno"] = fs.end_colno
+
+        new_stack.append(DebugFrameSummary(**frame_args))
+
+    # The codeop module is used to compile code from the interactive
+    # debugger. Hide any codeop frames from the bottom of the traceback.
+    while new_stack:
+        module = new_stack[0].global_ns.get("__name__")
+
+        if module is None:
+            module = new_stack[0].local_ns.get("__name__")
+
+        if module == "codeop":
+            del new_stack[0]
+        else:
+            break
+
+    te.stack[:] = new_stack
+
+    if te.__context__:
+        context_exc = t.cast(BaseException, exc.__context__)
+        te.__context__ = _process_traceback(context_exc, te.__context__, hide=hide)
+
+    if te.__cause__:
+        cause_exc = t.cast(BaseException, exc.__cause__)
+        te.__cause__ = _process_traceback(cause_exc, te.__cause__, hide=hide)
+
+    return te
+
+
+class DebugTraceback:
+    __slots__ = ("_te", "_cache_all_tracebacks", "_cache_all_frames")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exc: BaseException,
+        te: traceback.TracebackException | None = None,
+        *,
+        skip: int = 0,
+        hide: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._te = _process_traceback(exc, te, skip=skip, hide=hide)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._te}>"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def all_tracebacks(
+        self,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str | None, traceback.TracebackException]]:
+        out = []
+        current = self._te
+
+        while current is not None:
+            if current.__cause__ is not None:
+                chained_msg = (
+                    "The above exception was the direct cause of the"
+                    " following exception"
+                )
+                chained_exc = current.__cause__
+            elif current.__context__ is not None and not current.__suppress_context__:
+                chained_msg = (
+                    "During handling of the above exception, another"
+                    " exception occurred"
+                )
+                chained_exc = current.__context__
+            else:
+                chained_msg = None
+                chained_exc = None
+
+            out.append((chained_msg, current))
+            current = chained_exc
+
+        return out
+
+    @cached_property
+    def all_frames(self) -> list[DebugFrameSummary]:
+        return [
+            f  # type: ignore[misc]
+            for _, te in self.all_tracebacks
+            for f in te.stack
+        ]
+
+    def render_traceback_text(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(self._te.format())
+
+    def render_traceback_html(self, include_title: bool = True) -> str:
+        library_frames = [f.is_library for f in self.all_frames]
+        mark_library = 0 < sum(library_frames) < len(library_frames)
+        rows = []
+
+        if not library_frames:
+            classes = "traceback noframe-traceback"
+        else:
+            classes = "traceback"
+
+            for msg, current in reversed(self.all_tracebacks):
+                row_parts = []
+
+                if msg is not None:
+                    row_parts.append(f'<li><div class="exc-divider">{msg}:</div>')
+
+                for frame in current.stack:
+                    frame = t.cast(DebugFrameSummary, frame)
+                    info = f' title="{escape(frame.info)}"' if frame.info else ""
+                    row_parts.append(f"<li{info}>{frame.render_html(mark_library)}")
+
+                rows.append("\n".join(row_parts))
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+            exc_type_str = self._te.exc_type.__name__
+        else:
+            exc_type_str = self._te.exc_type_str
+
+        is_syntax_error = exc_type_str == "SyntaxError"
+
+        if include_title:
+            if is_syntax_error:
+                title = "Syntax Error"
+            else:
+                title = "Traceback <em>(most recent call last)</em>:"
+        else:
+            title = ""
+
+        exc_full = escape("".join(self._te.format_exception_only()))
+
+        if is_syntax_error:
+            description = f"<pre class=syntaxerror>{exc_full}</pre>"
+        else:
+            description = f"<blockquote>{exc_full}</blockquote>"
+
+        return SUMMARY_HTML % {
+            "classes": classes,
+            "title": f"<h3>{title}</h3>",
+            "frames": "\n".join(rows),
+            "description": description,
+        }
+
+    def render_debugger_html(
+        self, evalex: bool, secret: str, evalex_trusted: bool
+    ) -> str:
+        exc_lines = list(self._te.format_exception_only())
+        plaintext = "".join(self._te.format())
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+            exc_type_str = self._te.exc_type.__name__
+        else:
+            exc_type_str = self._te.exc_type_str
+
+        return PAGE_HTML % {
+            "evalex": "true" if evalex else "false",
+            "evalex_trusted": "true" if evalex_trusted else "false",
+            "console": "false",
+            "title": escape(exc_lines[0]),
+            "exception": escape("".join(exc_lines)),
+            "exception_type": escape(exc_type_str),
+            "summary": self.render_traceback_html(include_title=False),
+            "plaintext": escape(plaintext),
+            "plaintext_cs": re.sub("-{2,}", "-", plaintext),
+            "secret": secret,
+        }
+
+
+class DebugFrameSummary(traceback.FrameSummary):
+    """A :class:`traceback.FrameSummary` that can evaluate code in the
+    frame's namespace.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "local_ns",
+        "global_ns",
+        "_cache_info",
+        "_cache_is_library",
+        "_cache_console",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        locals: dict[str, t.Any],
+        globals: dict[str, t.Any],
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(locals=None, **kwargs)
+        self.local_ns = locals
+        self.global_ns = globals
+
+    @cached_property
+    def info(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.local_ns.get("__traceback_info__")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_library(self) -> bool:
+        return any(
+            self.filename.startswith((path, os.path.realpath(path)))
+            for path in sysconfig.get_paths().values()
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def console(self) -> Console:
+        return Console(self.global_ns, self.local_ns)
+
+    def eval(self, code: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self.console.eval(code)
+
+    def render_html(self, mark_library: bool) -> str:
+        context = 5
+        lines = linecache.getlines(self.filename)
+        line_idx = self.lineno - 1  # type: ignore[operator]
+        start_idx = max(0, line_idx - context)
+        stop_idx = min(len(lines), line_idx + context + 1)
+        rendered_lines = []
+
+        def render_line(line: str, cls: str) -> None:
+            line = line.expandtabs().rstrip()
+            stripped_line = line.strip()
+            prefix = len(line) - len(stripped_line)
+            colno = getattr(self, "colno", 0)
+            end_colno = getattr(self, "end_colno", 0)
+
+            if cls == "current" and colno and end_colno:
+                arrow = (
+                    f'\n<span class="ws">{" " * prefix}</span>'
+                    f'{" " * (colno - prefix)}{"^" * (end_colno - colno)}'
+                )
+            else:
+                arrow = ""
+
+            rendered_lines.append(
+                f'<pre class="line {cls}"><span class="ws">{" " * prefix}</span>'
+                f"{escape(stripped_line) if stripped_line else ' '}"
+                f"{arrow if arrow else ''}</pre>"
+            )
+
+        if lines:
+            for line in lines[start_idx:line_idx]:
+                render_line(line, "before")
+
+            render_line(lines[line_idx], "current")
+
+            for line in lines[line_idx + 1 : stop_idx]:
+                render_line(line, "after")
+
+        return FRAME_HTML % {
+            "id": id(self),
+            "filename": escape(self.filename),
+            "lineno": self.lineno,
+            "function_name": escape(self.name),
+            "lines": "\n".join(rendered_lines),
+            "library": "library" if mark_library and self.is_library else "",
+        }
+
+
+def render_console_html(secret: str, evalex_trusted: bool) -> str:
+    return CONSOLE_HTML % {
+        "evalex": "true",
+        "evalex_trusted": "true" if evalex_trusted else "false",
+        "console": "true",
+        "title": "Console",
+        "secret": secret,
+    }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd9997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,894 @@
+"""Implements a number of Python exceptions which can be raised from within
+a view to trigger a standard HTTP non-200 response.
+
+Usage Example
+-------------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from werkzeug.wrappers.request import Request
+    from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException, NotFound
+
+    def view(request):
+        raise NotFound()
+
+    @Request.application
+    def application(request):
+        try:
+            return view(request)
+        except HTTPException as e:
+            return e
+
+As you can see from this example those exceptions are callable WSGI
+applications. However, they are not Werkzeug response objects. You
+can get a response object by calling ``get_response()`` on a HTTP
+exception.
+
+Keep in mind that you may have to pass an environ (WSGI) or scope
+(ASGI) to ``get_response()`` because some errors fetch additional
+information relating to the request.
+
+If you want to hook in a different exception page to say, a 404 status
+code, you can add a second except for a specific subclass of an error:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    @Request.application
+    def application(request):
+        try:
+            return view(request)
+        except NotFound as e:
+            return not_found(request)
+        except HTTPException as e:
+            return e
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+from markupsafe import Markup
+
+from ._internal import _get_environ
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .datastructures import WWWAuthenticate
+    from .sansio.response import Response
+    from .wrappers.request import Request as WSGIRequest
+    from .wrappers.response import Response as WSGIResponse
+
+
+class HTTPException(Exception):
+    """The base class for all HTTP exceptions. This exception can be called as a WSGI
+    application to render a default error page or you can catch the subclasses
+    of it independently and render nicer error messages.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Removed the ``wrap`` class method.
+    """
+
+    code: int | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if description is not None:
+            self.description = description
+        self.response = response
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The status name."""
+        from .http import HTTP_STATUS_CODES
+
+        return HTTP_STATUS_CODES.get(self.code, "Unknown Error")  # type: ignore
+
+    def get_description(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get the description."""
+        if self.description is None:
+            description = ""
+        else:
+            description = self.description
+
+        description = escape(description).replace("\n", Markup("<br>"))
+        return f"<p>{description}</p>"
+
+    def get_body(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get the HTML body."""
+        return (
+            "<!doctype html>\n"
+            "<html lang=en>\n"
+            f"<title>{self.code} {escape(self.name)}</title>\n"
+            f"<h1>{escape(self.name)}</h1>\n"
+            f"{self.get_description(environ)}\n"
+        )
+
+    def get_headers(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Get a list of headers."""
+        return [("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")]
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | WSGIRequest | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Get a response object.  If one was passed to the exception
+        it's returned directly.
+
+        :param environ: the optional environ for the request.  This
+                        can be used to modify the response depending
+                        on how the request looked like.
+        :return: a :class:`Response` object or a subclass thereof.
+        """
+        from .wrappers.response import Response as WSGIResponse  # noqa: F811
+
+        if self.response is not None:
+            return self.response
+        if environ is not None:
+            environ = _get_environ(environ)
+        headers = self.get_headers(environ, scope)
+        return WSGIResponse(self.get_body(environ, scope), self.code, headers)
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """Call the exception as WSGI application.
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment.
+        :param start_response: the response callable provided by the WSGI
+                               server.
+        """
+        response = t.cast("WSGIResponse", self.get_response(environ))
+        return response(environ, start_response)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        code = self.code if self.code is not None else "???"
+        return f"{code} {self.name}: {self.description}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        code = self.code if self.code is not None else "???"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} '{code}: {self.name}'>"
+
+
+class BadRequest(HTTPException):
+    """*400* `Bad Request`
+
+    Raise if the browser sends something to the application the application
+    or server cannot handle.
+    """
+
+    code = 400
+    description = (
+        "The browser (or proxy) sent a request that this server could "
+        "not understand."
+    )
+
+
+class BadRequestKeyError(BadRequest, KeyError):
+    """An exception that is used to signal both a :exc:`KeyError` and a
+    :exc:`BadRequest`. Used by many of the datastructures.
+    """
+
+    _description = BadRequest.description
+    #: Show the KeyError along with the HTTP error message in the
+    #: response. This should be disabled in production, but can be
+    #: useful in a debug mode.
+    show_exception = False
+
+    def __init__(self, arg: object | None = None, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if arg is None:
+            KeyError.__init__(self)
+        else:
+            KeyError.__init__(self, arg)
+
+    @property  # type: ignore
+    def description(self) -> str:
+        if self.show_exception:
+            return (
+                f"{self._description}\n"
+                f"{KeyError.__name__}: {KeyError.__str__(self)}"
+            )
+
+        return self._description
+
+    @description.setter
+    def description(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._description = value
+
+
+class ClientDisconnected(BadRequest):
+    """Internal exception that is raised if Werkzeug detects a disconnected
+    client.  Since the client is already gone at that point attempting to
+    send the error message to the client might not work and might ultimately
+    result in another exception in the server.  Mainly this is here so that
+    it is silenced by default as far as Werkzeug is concerned.
+
+    Since disconnections cannot be reliably detected and are unspecified
+    by WSGI to a large extent this might or might not be raised if a client
+    is gone.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+
+class SecurityError(BadRequest):
+    """Raised if something triggers a security error.  This is otherwise
+    exactly like a bad request error.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+
+
+class BadHost(BadRequest):
+    """Raised if the submitted host is badly formatted.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.11.2
+    """
+
+
+class Unauthorized(HTTPException):
+    """*401* ``Unauthorized``
+
+    Raise if the user is not authorized to access a resource.
+
+    The ``www_authenticate`` argument should be used to set the
+    ``WWW-Authenticate`` header. This is used for HTTP basic auth and
+    other schemes. Use :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.WWWAuthenticate`
+    to create correctly formatted values. Strictly speaking a 401
+    response is invalid if it doesn't provide at least one value for
+    this header, although real clients typically don't care.
+
+    :param description: Override the default message used for the body
+        of the response.
+    :param www-authenticate: A single value, or list of values, for the
+        WWW-Authenticate header(s).
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Serialize multiple ``www_authenticate`` items into multiple
+        ``WWW-Authenticate`` headers, rather than joining them
+        into a single value, for better interoperability.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15.3
+        If the ``www_authenticate`` argument is not set, the
+        ``WWW-Authenticate`` header is not set.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15.3
+        The ``response`` argument was restored.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15.1
+        ``description`` was moved back as the first argument, restoring
+         its previous position.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15.0
+        ``www_authenticate`` was added as the first argument, ahead of
+        ``description``.
+    """
+
+    code = 401
+    description = (
+        "The server could not verify that you are authorized to access"
+        " the URL requested. You either supplied the wrong credentials"
+        " (e.g. a bad password), or your browser doesn't understand"
+        " how to supply the credentials required."
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+        www_authenticate: None | (WWWAuthenticate | t.Iterable[WWWAuthenticate]) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(description, response)
+
+        from .datastructures import WWWAuthenticate
+
+        if isinstance(www_authenticate, WWWAuthenticate):
+            www_authenticate = (www_authenticate,)
+
+        self.www_authenticate = www_authenticate
+
+    def get_headers(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        headers = super().get_headers(environ, scope)
+        if self.www_authenticate:
+            headers.extend(("WWW-Authenticate", str(x)) for x in self.www_authenticate)
+        return headers
+
+
+class Forbidden(HTTPException):
+    """*403* `Forbidden`
+
+    Raise if the user doesn't have the permission for the requested resource
+    but was authenticated.
+    """
+
+    code = 403
+    description = (
+        "You don't have the permission to access the requested"
+        " resource. It is either read-protected or not readable by the"
+        " server."
+    )
+
+
+class NotFound(HTTPException):
+    """*404* `Not Found`
+
+    Raise if a resource does not exist and never existed.
+    """
+
+    code = 404
+    description = (
+        "The requested URL was not found on the server. If you entered"
+        " the URL manually please check your spelling and try again."
+    )
+
+
+class MethodNotAllowed(HTTPException):
+    """*405* `Method Not Allowed`
+
+    Raise if the server used a method the resource does not handle.  For
+    example `POST` if the resource is view only.  Especially useful for REST.
+
+    The first argument for this exception should be a list of allowed methods.
+    Strictly speaking the response would be invalid if you don't provide valid
+    methods in the header which you can do with that list.
+    """
+
+    code = 405
+    description = "The method is not allowed for the requested URL."
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        valid_methods: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Takes an optional list of valid http methods
+        starting with werkzeug 0.3 the list will be mandatory."""
+        super().__init__(description=description, response=response)
+        self.valid_methods = valid_methods
+
+    def get_headers(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        headers = super().get_headers(environ, scope)
+        if self.valid_methods:
+            headers.append(("Allow", ", ".join(self.valid_methods)))
+        return headers
+
+
+class NotAcceptable(HTTPException):
+    """*406* `Not Acceptable`
+
+    Raise if the server can't return any content conforming to the
+    `Accept` headers of the client.
+    """
+
+    code = 406
+    description = (
+        "The resource identified by the request is only capable of"
+        " generating response entities which have content"
+        " characteristics not acceptable according to the accept"
+        " headers sent in the request."
+    )
+
+
+class RequestTimeout(HTTPException):
+    """*408* `Request Timeout`
+
+    Raise to signalize a timeout.
+    """
+
+    code = 408
+    description = (
+        "The server closed the network connection because the browser"
+        " didn't finish the request within the specified time."
+    )
+
+
+class Conflict(HTTPException):
+    """*409* `Conflict`
+
+    Raise to signal that a request cannot be completed because it conflicts
+    with the current state on the server.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    code = 409
+    description = (
+        "A conflict happened while processing the request. The"
+        " resource might have been modified while the request was being"
+        " processed."
+    )
+
+
+class Gone(HTTPException):
+    """*410* `Gone`
+
+    Raise if a resource existed previously and went away without new location.
+    """
+
+    code = 410
+    description = (
+        "The requested URL is no longer available on this server and"
+        " there is no forwarding address. If you followed a link from a"
+        " foreign page, please contact the author of this page."
+    )
+
+
+class LengthRequired(HTTPException):
+    """*411* `Length Required`
+
+    Raise if the browser submitted data but no ``Content-Length`` header which
+    is required for the kind of processing the server does.
+    """
+
+    code = 411
+    description = (
+        "A request with this method requires a valid <code>Content-"
+        "Length</code> header."
+    )
+
+
+class PreconditionFailed(HTTPException):
+    """*412* `Precondition Failed`
+
+    Status code used in combination with ``If-Match``, ``If-None-Match``, or
+    ``If-Unmodified-Since``.
+    """
+
+    code = 412
+    description = (
+        "The precondition on the request for the URL failed positive evaluation."
+    )
+
+
+class RequestEntityTooLarge(HTTPException):
+    """*413* `Request Entity Too Large`
+
+    The status code one should return if the data submitted exceeded a given
+    limit.
+    """
+
+    code = 413
+    description = "The data value transmitted exceeds the capacity limit."
+
+
+class RequestURITooLarge(HTTPException):
+    """*414* `Request URI Too Large`
+
+    Like *413* but for too long URLs.
+    """
+
+    code = 414
+    description = (
+        "The length of the requested URL exceeds the capacity limit for"
+        " this server. The request cannot be processed."
+    )
+
+
+class UnsupportedMediaType(HTTPException):
+    """*415* `Unsupported Media Type`
+
+    The status code returned if the server is unable to handle the media type
+    the client transmitted.
+    """
+
+    code = 415
+    description = (
+        "The server does not support the media type transmitted in the request."
+    )
+
+
+class RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable(HTTPException):
+    """*416* `Requested Range Not Satisfiable`
+
+    The client asked for an invalid part of the file.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    code = 416
+    description = "The server cannot provide the requested range."
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        units: str = "bytes",
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Takes an optional `Content-Range` header value based on ``length``
+        parameter.
+        """
+        super().__init__(description=description, response=response)
+        self.length = length
+        self.units = units
+
+    def get_headers(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        headers = super().get_headers(environ, scope)
+        if self.length is not None:
+            headers.append(("Content-Range", f"{self.units} */{self.length}"))
+        return headers
+
+
+class ExpectationFailed(HTTPException):
+    """*417* `Expectation Failed`
+
+    The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    code = 417
+    description = "The server could not meet the requirements of the Expect header"
+
+
+class ImATeapot(HTTPException):
+    """*418* `I'm a teapot`
+
+    The server should return this if it is a teapot and someone attempted
+    to brew coffee with it.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+
+    code = 418
+    description = "This server is a teapot, not a coffee machine"
+
+
+class MisdirectedRequest(HTTPException):
+    """421 Misdirected Request
+
+    Indicates that the request was directed to a server that is not able to
+    produce a response.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+    """
+
+    code = 421
+    description = "The server is not able to produce a response."
+
+
+class UnprocessableEntity(HTTPException):
+    """*422* `Unprocessable Entity`
+
+    Used if the request is well formed, but the instructions are otherwise
+    incorrect.
+    """
+
+    code = 422
+    description = (
+        "The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due"
+        " to semantic errors."
+    )
+
+
+class Locked(HTTPException):
+    """*423* `Locked`
+
+    Used if the resource that is being accessed is locked.
+    """
+
+    code = 423
+    description = "The resource that is being accessed is locked."
+
+
+class FailedDependency(HTTPException):
+    """*424* `Failed Dependency`
+
+    Used if the method could not be performed on the resource
+    because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed.
+    """
+
+    code = 424
+    description = (
+        "The method could not be performed on the resource because the"
+        " requested action depended on another action and that action"
+        " failed."
+    )
+
+
+class PreconditionRequired(HTTPException):
+    """*428* `Precondition Required`
+
+    The server requires this request to be conditional, typically to prevent
+    the lost update problem, which is a race condition between two or more
+    clients attempting to update a resource through PUT or DELETE. By requiring
+    each client to include a conditional header ("If-Match" or "If-Unmodified-
+    Since") with the proper value retained from a recent GET request, the
+    server ensures that each client has at least seen the previous revision of
+    the resource.
+    """
+
+    code = 428
+    description = (
+        "This request is required to be conditional; try using"
+        ' "If-Match" or "If-Unmodified-Since".'
+    )
+
+
+class _RetryAfter(HTTPException):
+    """Adds an optional ``retry_after`` parameter which will set the
+    ``Retry-After`` header. May be an :class:`int` number of seconds or
+    a :class:`~datetime.datetime`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+        retry_after: datetime | int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(description, response)
+        self.retry_after = retry_after
+
+    def get_headers(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        headers = super().get_headers(environ, scope)
+
+        if self.retry_after:
+            if isinstance(self.retry_after, datetime):
+                from .http import http_date
+
+                value = http_date(self.retry_after)
+            else:
+                value = str(self.retry_after)
+
+            headers.append(("Retry-After", value))
+
+        return headers
+
+
+class TooManyRequests(_RetryAfter):
+    """*429* `Too Many Requests`
+
+    The server is limiting the rate at which this user receives
+    responses, and this request exceeds that rate. (The server may use
+    any convenient method to identify users and their request rates).
+    The server may include a "Retry-After" header to indicate how long
+    the user should wait before retrying.
+
+    :param retry_after: If given, set the ``Retry-After`` header to this
+        value. May be an :class:`int` number of seconds or a
+        :class:`~datetime.datetime`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        Added ``retry_after`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    code = 429
+    description = "This user has exceeded an allotted request count. Try again later."
+
+
+class RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge(HTTPException):
+    """*431* `Request Header Fields Too Large`
+
+    The server refuses to process the request because the header fields are too
+    large. One or more individual fields may be too large, or the set of all
+    headers is too large.
+    """
+
+    code = 431
+    description = "One or more header fields exceeds the maximum size."
+
+
+class UnavailableForLegalReasons(HTTPException):
+    """*451* `Unavailable For Legal Reasons`
+
+    This status code indicates that the server is denying access to the
+    resource as a consequence of a legal demand.
+    """
+
+    code = 451
+    description = "Unavailable for legal reasons."
+
+
+class InternalServerError(HTTPException):
+    """*500* `Internal Server Error`
+
+    Raise if an internal server error occurred.  This is a good fallback if an
+    unknown error occurred in the dispatcher.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+        Added the :attr:`original_exception` attribute.
+    """
+
+    code = 500
+    description = (
+        "The server encountered an internal error and was unable to"
+        " complete your request. Either the server is overloaded or"
+        " there is an error in the application."
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response: Response | None = None,
+        original_exception: BaseException | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: The original exception that caused this 500 error. Can be
+        #: used by frameworks to provide context when handling
+        #: unexpected errors.
+        self.original_exception = original_exception
+        super().__init__(description=description, response=response)
+
+
+class NotImplemented(HTTPException):
+    """*501* `Not Implemented`
+
+    Raise if the application does not support the action requested by the
+    browser.
+    """
+
+    code = 501
+    description = "The server does not support the action requested by the browser."
+
+
+class BadGateway(HTTPException):
+    """*502* `Bad Gateway`
+
+    If you do proxying in your application you should return this status code
+    if you received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed
+    in attempting to fulfill the request.
+    """
+
+    code = 502
+    description = (
+        "The proxy server received an invalid response from an upstream server."
+    )
+
+
+class ServiceUnavailable(_RetryAfter):
+    """*503* `Service Unavailable`
+
+    Status code you should return if a service is temporarily
+    unavailable.
+
+    :param retry_after: If given, set the ``Retry-After`` header to this
+        value. May be an :class:`int` number of seconds or a
+        :class:`~datetime.datetime`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        Added ``retry_after`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    code = 503
+    description = (
+        "The server is temporarily unable to service your request due"
+        " to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try"
+        " again later."
+    )
+
+
+class GatewayTimeout(HTTPException):
+    """*504* `Gateway Timeout`
+
+    Status code you should return if a connection to an upstream server
+    times out.
+    """
+
+    code = 504
+    description = "The connection to an upstream server timed out."
+
+
+class HTTPVersionNotSupported(HTTPException):
+    """*505* `HTTP Version Not Supported`
+
+    The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request.
+    """
+
+    code = 505
+    description = (
+        "The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request."
+    )
+
+
+default_exceptions: dict[int, type[HTTPException]] = {}
+
+
+def _find_exceptions() -> None:
+    for obj in globals().values():
+        try:
+            is_http_exception = issubclass(obj, HTTPException)
+        except TypeError:
+            is_http_exception = False
+        if not is_http_exception or obj.code is None:
+            continue
+        old_obj = default_exceptions.get(obj.code, None)
+        if old_obj is not None and issubclass(obj, old_obj):
+            continue
+        default_exceptions[obj.code] = obj
+
+
+_find_exceptions()
+del _find_exceptions
+
+
+class Aborter:
+    """When passed a dict of code -> exception items it can be used as
+    callable that raises exceptions.  If the first argument to the
+    callable is an integer it will be looked up in the mapping, if it's
+    a WSGI application it will be raised in a proxy exception.
+
+    The rest of the arguments are forwarded to the exception constructor.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping: dict[int, type[HTTPException]] | None = None,
+        extra: dict[int, type[HTTPException]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if mapping is None:
+            mapping = default_exceptions
+        self.mapping = dict(mapping)
+        if extra is not None:
+            self.mapping.update(extra)
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, code: int | Response, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.NoReturn:
+        from .sansio.response import Response
+
+        if isinstance(code, Response):
+            raise HTTPException(response=code)
+
+        if code not in self.mapping:
+            raise LookupError(f"no exception for {code!r}")
+
+        raise self.mapping[code](*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def abort(status: int | Response, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.NoReturn:
+    """Raises an :py:exc:`HTTPException` for the given status code or WSGI
+    application.
+
+    If a status code is given, it will be looked up in the list of
+    exceptions and will raise that exception.  If passed a WSGI application,
+    it will wrap it in a proxy WSGI exception and raise that::
+
+       abort(404)  # 404 Not Found
+       abort(Response('Hello World'))
+
+    """
+    _aborter(status, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+_aborter: Aborter = Aborter()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/formparser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/formparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0103414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/formparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from io import BytesIO
+from urllib.parse import parse_qsl
+
+from ._internal import _plain_int
+from .datastructures import FileStorage
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .datastructures import MultiDict
+from .exceptions import RequestEntityTooLarge
+from .http import parse_options_header
+from .sansio.multipart import Data
+from .sansio.multipart import Epilogue
+from .sansio.multipart import Field
+from .sansio.multipart import File
+from .sansio.multipart import MultipartDecoder
+from .sansio.multipart import NeedData
+from .wsgi import get_content_length
+from .wsgi import get_input_stream
+
+# there are some platforms where SpooledTemporaryFile is not available.
+# In that case we need to provide a fallback.
+try:
+    from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile
+except ImportError:
+    from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+
+    SpooledTemporaryFile = None  # type: ignore
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing as te
+
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    t_parse_result = tuple[
+        t.IO[bytes], MultiDict[str, str], MultiDict[str, FileStorage]
+    ]
+
+    class TStreamFactory(te.Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            total_content_length: int | None,
+            content_type: str | None,
+            filename: str | None,
+            content_length: int | None = None,
+        ) -> t.IO[bytes]: ...
+
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+def default_stream_factory(
+    total_content_length: int | None,
+    content_type: str | None,
+    filename: str | None,
+    content_length: int | None = None,
+) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+    max_size = 1024 * 500
+
+    if SpooledTemporaryFile is not None:
+        return t.cast(t.IO[bytes], SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=max_size, mode="rb+"))
+    elif total_content_length is None or total_content_length > max_size:
+        return t.cast(t.IO[bytes], TemporaryFile("rb+"))
+
+    return BytesIO()
+
+
+def parse_form_data(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    stream_factory: TStreamFactory | None = None,
+    max_form_memory_size: int | None = None,
+    max_content_length: int | None = None,
+    cls: type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]] | None = None,
+    silent: bool = True,
+    *,
+    max_form_parts: int | None = None,
+) -> t_parse_result:
+    """Parse the form data in the environ and return it as tuple in the form
+    ``(stream, form, files)``.  You should only call this method if the
+    transport method is `POST`, `PUT`, or `PATCH`.
+
+    If the mimetype of the data transmitted is `multipart/form-data` the
+    files multidict will be filled with `FileStorage` objects.  If the
+    mimetype is unknown the input stream is wrapped and returned as first
+    argument, else the stream is empty.
+
+    This is a shortcut for the common usage of :class:`FormDataParser`.
+
+    :param environ: the WSGI environment to be used for parsing.
+    :param stream_factory: An optional callable that returns a new read and
+                           writeable file descriptor.  This callable works
+                           the same as :meth:`Response._get_file_stream`.
+    :param max_form_memory_size: the maximum number of bytes to be accepted for
+                           in-memory stored form data.  If the data
+                           exceeds the value specified an
+                           :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge`
+                           exception is raised.
+    :param max_content_length: If this is provided and the transmitted data
+                               is longer than this value an
+                               :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge`
+                               exception is raised.
+    :param cls: an optional dict class to use.  If this is not specified
+                       or `None` the default :class:`MultiDict` is used.
+    :param silent: If set to False parsing errors will not be caught.
+    :param max_form_parts: The maximum number of multipart parts to be parsed. If this
+        is exceeded, a :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
+    :return: A tuple in the form ``(stream, form, files)``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Added the ``max_form_parts`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5.1
+       Added the ``silent`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+       Added the ``max_form_memory_size``, ``max_content_length``, and ``cls``
+       parameters.
+    """
+    return FormDataParser(
+        stream_factory=stream_factory,
+        max_form_memory_size=max_form_memory_size,
+        max_content_length=max_content_length,
+        max_form_parts=max_form_parts,
+        silent=silent,
+        cls=cls,
+    ).parse_from_environ(environ)
+
+
+class FormDataParser:
+    """This class implements parsing of form data for Werkzeug.  By itself
+    it can parse multipart and url encoded form data.  It can be subclassed
+    and extended but for most mimetypes it is a better idea to use the
+    untouched stream and expose it as separate attributes on a request
+    object.
+
+    :param stream_factory: An optional callable that returns a new read and
+                           writeable file descriptor.  This callable works
+                           the same as :meth:`Response._get_file_stream`.
+    :param max_form_memory_size: the maximum number of bytes to be accepted for
+                           in-memory stored form data.  If the data
+                           exceeds the value specified an
+                           :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge`
+                           exception is raised.
+    :param max_content_length: If this is provided and the transmitted data
+                               is longer than this value an
+                               :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge`
+                               exception is raised.
+    :param cls: an optional dict class to use.  If this is not specified
+                       or `None` the default :class:`MultiDict` is used.
+    :param silent: If set to False parsing errors will not be caught.
+    :param max_form_parts: The maximum number of multipart parts to be parsed. If this
+        is exceeded, a :exc:`~exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``parse_functions`` attribute and ``get_parse_func`` methods were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+        Added the ``max_form_parts`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream_factory: TStreamFactory | None = None,
+        max_form_memory_size: int | None = None,
+        max_content_length: int | None = None,
+        cls: type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]] | None = None,
+        silent: bool = True,
+        *,
+        max_form_parts: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if stream_factory is None:
+            stream_factory = default_stream_factory
+
+        self.stream_factory = stream_factory
+        self.max_form_memory_size = max_form_memory_size
+        self.max_content_length = max_content_length
+        self.max_form_parts = max_form_parts
+
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = t.cast("type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]]", MultiDict)
+
+        self.cls = cls
+        self.silent = silent
+
+    def parse_from_environ(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> t_parse_result:
+        """Parses the information from the environment as form data.
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment to be used for parsing.
+        :return: A tuple in the form ``(stream, form, files)``.
+        """
+        stream = get_input_stream(environ, max_content_length=self.max_content_length)
+        content_length = get_content_length(environ)
+        mimetype, options = parse_options_header(environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE"))
+        return self.parse(
+            stream,
+            content_length=content_length,
+            mimetype=mimetype,
+            options=options,
+        )
+
+    def parse(
+        self,
+        stream: t.IO[bytes],
+        mimetype: str,
+        content_length: int | None,
+        options: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> t_parse_result:
+        """Parses the information from the given stream, mimetype,
+        content length and mimetype parameters.
+
+        :param stream: an input stream
+        :param mimetype: the mimetype of the data
+        :param content_length: the content length of the incoming data
+        :param options: optional mimetype parameters (used for
+                        the multipart boundary for instance)
+        :return: A tuple in the form ``(stream, form, files)``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The invalid ``application/x-url-encoded`` content type is not
+            treated as ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded``.
+        """
+        if mimetype == "multipart/form-data":
+            parse_func = self._parse_multipart
+        elif mimetype == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded":
+            parse_func = self._parse_urlencoded
+        else:
+            return stream, self.cls(), self.cls()
+
+        if options is None:
+            options = {}
+
+        try:
+            return parse_func(stream, mimetype, content_length, options)
+        except ValueError:
+            if not self.silent:
+                raise
+
+        return stream, self.cls(), self.cls()
+
+    def _parse_multipart(
+        self,
+        stream: t.IO[bytes],
+        mimetype: str,
+        content_length: int | None,
+        options: dict[str, str],
+    ) -> t_parse_result:
+        parser = MultiPartParser(
+            stream_factory=self.stream_factory,
+            max_form_memory_size=self.max_form_memory_size,
+            max_form_parts=self.max_form_parts,
+            cls=self.cls,
+        )
+        boundary = options.get("boundary", "").encode("ascii")
+
+        if not boundary:
+            raise ValueError("Missing boundary")
+
+        form, files = parser.parse(stream, boundary, content_length)
+        return stream, form, files
+
+    def _parse_urlencoded(
+        self,
+        stream: t.IO[bytes],
+        mimetype: str,
+        content_length: int | None,
+        options: dict[str, str],
+    ) -> t_parse_result:
+        if (
+            self.max_form_memory_size is not None
+            and content_length is not None
+            and content_length > self.max_form_memory_size
+        ):
+            raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+
+        items = parse_qsl(
+            stream.read().decode(),
+            keep_blank_values=True,
+            errors="werkzeug.url_quote",
+        )
+        return stream, self.cls(items), self.cls()
+
+
+class MultiPartParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream_factory: TStreamFactory | None = None,
+        max_form_memory_size: int | None = None,
+        cls: type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]] | None = None,
+        buffer_size: int = 64 * 1024,
+        max_form_parts: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.max_form_memory_size = max_form_memory_size
+        self.max_form_parts = max_form_parts
+
+        if stream_factory is None:
+            stream_factory = default_stream_factory
+
+        self.stream_factory = stream_factory
+
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = t.cast("type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]]", MultiDict)
+
+        self.cls = cls
+        self.buffer_size = buffer_size
+
+    def fail(self, message: str) -> te.NoReturn:
+        raise ValueError(message)
+
+    def get_part_charset(self, headers: Headers) -> str:
+        # Figure out input charset for current part
+        content_type = headers.get("content-type")
+
+        if content_type:
+            parameters = parse_options_header(content_type)[1]
+            ct_charset = parameters.get("charset", "").lower()
+
+            # A safe list of encodings. Modern clients should only send ASCII or UTF-8.
+            # This list will not be extended further.
+            if ct_charset in {"ascii", "us-ascii", "utf-8", "iso-8859-1"}:
+                return ct_charset
+
+        return "utf-8"
+
+    def start_file_streaming(
+        self, event: File, total_content_length: int | None
+    ) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+        content_type = event.headers.get("content-type")
+
+        try:
+            content_length = _plain_int(event.headers["content-length"])
+        except (KeyError, ValueError):
+            content_length = 0
+
+        container = self.stream_factory(
+            total_content_length=total_content_length,
+            filename=event.filename,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            content_length=content_length,
+        )
+        return container
+
+    def parse(
+        self, stream: t.IO[bytes], boundary: bytes, content_length: int | None
+    ) -> tuple[MultiDict[str, str], MultiDict[str, FileStorage]]:
+        current_part: Field | File
+        field_size: int | None = None
+        container: t.IO[bytes] | list[bytes]
+        _write: t.Callable[[bytes], t.Any]
+
+        parser = MultipartDecoder(
+            boundary,
+            max_form_memory_size=self.max_form_memory_size,
+            max_parts=self.max_form_parts,
+        )
+
+        fields = []
+        files = []
+
+        for data in _chunk_iter(stream.read, self.buffer_size):
+            parser.receive_data(data)
+            event = parser.next_event()
+            while not isinstance(event, (Epilogue, NeedData)):
+                if isinstance(event, Field):
+                    current_part = event
+                    field_size = 0
+                    container = []
+                    _write = container.append
+                elif isinstance(event, File):
+                    current_part = event
+                    field_size = None
+                    container = self.start_file_streaming(event, content_length)
+                    _write = container.write
+                elif isinstance(event, Data):
+                    if self.max_form_memory_size is not None and field_size is not None:
+                        # Ensure that accumulated data events do not exceed limit.
+                        # Also checked within single event in MultipartDecoder.
+                        field_size += len(event.data)
+
+                        if field_size > self.max_form_memory_size:
+                            raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+
+                    _write(event.data)
+                    if not event.more_data:
+                        if isinstance(current_part, Field):
+                            value = b"".join(container).decode(
+                                self.get_part_charset(current_part.headers), "replace"
+                            )
+                            fields.append((current_part.name, value))
+                        else:
+                            container = t.cast(t.IO[bytes], container)
+                            container.seek(0)
+                            files.append(
+                                (
+                                    current_part.name,
+                                    FileStorage(
+                                        container,
+                                        current_part.filename,
+                                        current_part.name,
+                                        headers=current_part.headers,
+                                    ),
+                                )
+                            )
+
+                event = parser.next_event()
+
+        return self.cls(fields), self.cls(files)
+
+
+def _chunk_iter(read: t.Callable[[int], bytes], size: int) -> t.Iterator[bytes | None]:
+    """Read data in chunks for multipart/form-data parsing. Stop if no data is read.
+    Yield ``None`` at the end to signal end of parsing.
+    """
+    while True:
+        data = read(size)
+
+        if not data:
+            break
+
+        yield data
+
+    yield None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/http.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1dbb85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1405 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import email.utils
+import re
+import typing as t
+import warnings
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timezone
+from enum import Enum
+from hashlib import sha1
+from time import mktime
+from time import struct_time
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+from urllib.request import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
+
+from ._internal import _dt_as_utc
+from ._internal import _plain_int
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+_token_chars = frozenset(
+    "!#$%&'*+-.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|~"
+)
+_etag_re = re.compile(r'([Ww]/)?(?:"(.*?)"|(.*?))(?:\s*,\s*|$)')
+_entity_headers = frozenset(
+    [
+        "allow",
+        "content-encoding",
+        "content-language",
+        "content-length",
+        "content-location",
+        "content-md5",
+        "content-range",
+        "content-type",
+        "expires",
+        "last-modified",
+    ]
+)
+_hop_by_hop_headers = frozenset(
+    [
+        "connection",
+        "keep-alive",
+        "proxy-authenticate",
+        "proxy-authorization",
+        "te",
+        "trailer",
+        "transfer-encoding",
+        "upgrade",
+    ]
+)
+HTTP_STATUS_CODES = {
+    100: "Continue",
+    101: "Switching Protocols",
+    102: "Processing",
+    103: "Early Hints",  # see RFC 8297
+    200: "OK",
+    201: "Created",
+    202: "Accepted",
+    203: "Non Authoritative Information",
+    204: "No Content",
+    205: "Reset Content",
+    206: "Partial Content",
+    207: "Multi Status",
+    208: "Already Reported",  # see RFC 5842
+    226: "IM Used",  # see RFC 3229
+    300: "Multiple Choices",
+    301: "Moved Permanently",
+    302: "Found",
+    303: "See Other",
+    304: "Not Modified",
+    305: "Use Proxy",
+    306: "Switch Proxy",  # unused
+    307: "Temporary Redirect",
+    308: "Permanent Redirect",
+    400: "Bad Request",
+    401: "Unauthorized",
+    402: "Payment Required",  # unused
+    403: "Forbidden",
+    404: "Not Found",
+    405: "Method Not Allowed",
+    406: "Not Acceptable",
+    407: "Proxy Authentication Required",
+    408: "Request Timeout",
+    409: "Conflict",
+    410: "Gone",
+    411: "Length Required",
+    412: "Precondition Failed",
+    413: "Request Entity Too Large",
+    414: "Request URI Too Long",
+    415: "Unsupported Media Type",
+    416: "Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
+    417: "Expectation Failed",
+    418: "I'm a teapot",  # see RFC 2324
+    421: "Misdirected Request",  # see RFC 7540
+    422: "Unprocessable Entity",
+    423: "Locked",
+    424: "Failed Dependency",
+    425: "Too Early",  # see RFC 8470
+    426: "Upgrade Required",
+    428: "Precondition Required",  # see RFC 6585
+    429: "Too Many Requests",
+    431: "Request Header Fields Too Large",
+    449: "Retry With",  # proprietary MS extension
+    451: "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
+    500: "Internal Server Error",
+    501: "Not Implemented",
+    502: "Bad Gateway",
+    503: "Service Unavailable",
+    504: "Gateway Timeout",
+    505: "HTTP Version Not Supported",
+    506: "Variant Also Negotiates",  # see RFC 2295
+    507: "Insufficient Storage",
+    508: "Loop Detected",  # see RFC 5842
+    510: "Not Extended",
+    511: "Network Authentication Failed",
+}
+
+
+class COEP(Enum):
+    """Cross Origin Embedder Policies"""
+
+    UNSAFE_NONE = "unsafe-none"
+    REQUIRE_CORP = "require-corp"
+
+
+class COOP(Enum):
+    """Cross Origin Opener Policies"""
+
+    UNSAFE_NONE = "unsafe-none"
+    SAME_ORIGIN_ALLOW_POPUPS = "same-origin-allow-popups"
+    SAME_ORIGIN = "same-origin"
+
+
+def quote_header_value(value: t.Any, allow_token: bool = True) -> str:
+    """Add double quotes around a header value. If the header contains only ASCII token
+    characters, it will be returned unchanged. If the header contains ``"`` or ``\\``
+    characters, they will be escaped with an additional ``\\`` character.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`unquote_header_value`.
+
+    :param value: The value to quote. Will be converted to a string.
+    :param allow_token: Disable to quote the value even if it only has token characters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing bytes is not supported.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``extra_chars`` parameter is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The value is quoted if it is the empty string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+    value_str = str(value)
+
+    if not value_str:
+        return '""'
+
+    if allow_token:
+        token_chars = _token_chars
+
+        if token_chars.issuperset(value_str):
+            return value_str
+
+    value_str = value_str.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+    return f'"{value_str}"'
+
+
+def unquote_header_value(value: str) -> str:
+    """Remove double quotes and decode slash-escaped ``"`` and ``\\`` characters in a
+    header value.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`quote_header_value`.
+
+    :param value: The header value to unquote.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``is_filename`` parameter is removed.
+    """
+    if len(value) >= 2 and value[0] == value[-1] == '"':
+        value = value[1:-1]
+        return value.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+
+    return value
+
+
+def dump_options_header(header: str | None, options: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Produce a header value and ``key=value`` parameters separated by semicolons
+    ``;``. For example, the ``Content-Type`` header.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        dump_options_header("text/html", {"charset": "UTF-8"})
+        'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_options_header`.
+
+    If a value contains non-token characters, it will be quoted.
+
+    If a value is ``None``, the parameter is skipped.
+
+    In some keys for some headers, a UTF-8 value can be encoded using a special
+    ``key*=UTF-8''value`` form, where ``value`` is percent encoded. This function will
+    not produce that format automatically, but if a given key ends with an asterisk
+    ``*``, the value is assumed to have that form and will not be quoted further.
+
+    :param header: The primary header value.
+    :param options: Parameters to encode as ``key=value`` pairs.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Keys with ``None`` values are skipped rather than treated as a bare key.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+        If a key ends with ``*``, its value will not be quoted.
+    """
+    segments = []
+
+    if header is not None:
+        segments.append(header)
+
+    for key, value in options.items():
+        if value is None:
+            continue
+
+        if key[-1] == "*":
+            segments.append(f"{key}={value}")
+        else:
+            segments.append(f"{key}={quote_header_value(value)}")
+
+    return "; ".join(segments)
+
+
+def dump_header(iterable: dict[str, t.Any] | t.Iterable[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Produce a header value from a list of items or ``key=value`` pairs, separated by
+    commas ``,``.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_list_header`, :func:`parse_dict_header`, and
+    :func:`parse_set_header`.
+
+    If a value contains non-token characters, it will be quoted.
+
+    If a value is ``None``, the key is output alone.
+
+    In some keys for some headers, a UTF-8 value can be encoded using a special
+    ``key*=UTF-8''value`` form, where ``value`` is percent encoded. This function will
+    not produce that format automatically, but if a given key ends with an asterisk
+    ``*``, the value is assumed to have that form and will not be quoted further.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        dump_header(["foo", "bar baz"])
+        'foo, "bar baz"'
+
+        dump_header({"foo": "bar baz"})
+        'foo="bar baz"'
+
+    :param iterable: The items to create a header from.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``allow_token`` parameter is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+        If a key ends with ``*``, its value will not be quoted.
+    """
+    if isinstance(iterable, dict):
+        items = []
+
+        for key, value in iterable.items():
+            if value is None:
+                items.append(key)
+            elif key[-1] == "*":
+                items.append(f"{key}={value}")
+            else:
+                items.append(f"{key}={quote_header_value(value)}")
+    else:
+        items = [quote_header_value(x) for x in iterable]
+
+    return ", ".join(items)
+
+
+def dump_csp_header(header: ds.ContentSecurityPolicy) -> str:
+    """Dump a Content Security Policy header.
+
+    These are structured into policies such as "default-src 'self';
+    script-src 'self'".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0.0
+       Support for Content Security Policy headers was added.
+
+    """
+    return "; ".join(f"{key} {value}" for key, value in header.items())
+
+
+def parse_list_header(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Parse a header value that consists of a list of comma separated items according
+    to `RFC 9110 <https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#abnf.extension>`__.
+
+    This extends :func:`urllib.request.parse_http_list` to remove surrounding quotes
+    from values.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        parse_list_header('token, "quoted value"')
+        ['token', 'quoted value']
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`dump_header`.
+
+    :param value: The header value to parse.
+    """
+    result = []
+
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if len(item) >= 2 and item[0] == item[-1] == '"':
+            item = item[1:-1]
+
+        result.append(item)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def parse_dict_header(value: str) -> dict[str, str | None]:
+    """Parse a list header using :func:`parse_list_header`, then parse each item as a
+    ``key=value`` pair.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        parse_dict_header('a=b, c="d, e", f')
+        {"a": "b", "c": "d, e", "f": None}
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`dump_header`.
+
+    If a key does not have a value, it is ``None``.
+
+    This handles charsets for values as described in
+    `RFC 2231 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2231#section-3>`__. Only ASCII, UTF-8,
+    and ISO-8859-1 charsets are accepted, otherwise the value remains quoted.
+
+    :param value: The header value to parse.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing bytes is not supported.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``cls`` argument is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Added support for ``key*=charset''value`` encoded items.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+       The ``cls`` argument was added.
+    """
+    result: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+    for item in parse_list_header(value):
+        key, has_value, value = item.partition("=")
+        key = key.strip()
+
+        if not key:
+            # =value is not valid
+            continue
+
+        if not has_value:
+            result[key] = None
+            continue
+
+        value = value.strip()
+        encoding: str | None = None
+
+        if key[-1] == "*":
+            # key*=charset''value becomes key=value, where value is percent encoded
+            # adapted from parse_options_header, without the continuation handling
+            key = key[:-1]
+            match = _charset_value_re.match(value)
+
+            if match:
+                # If there is a charset marker in the value, split it off.
+                encoding, value = match.groups()
+                encoding = encoding.lower()
+
+            # A safe list of encodings. Modern clients should only send ASCII or UTF-8.
+            # This list will not be extended further. An invalid encoding will leave the
+            # value quoted.
+            if encoding in {"ascii", "us-ascii", "utf-8", "iso-8859-1"}:
+                # invalid bytes are replaced during unquoting
+                value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding)
+
+        if len(value) >= 2 and value[0] == value[-1] == '"':
+            value = value[1:-1]
+
+        result[key] = value
+
+    return result
+
+
+# https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#parameter
+_parameter_key_re = re.compile(r"([\w!#$%&'*+\-.^`|~]+)=", flags=re.ASCII)
+_parameter_token_value_re = re.compile(r"[\w!#$%&'*+\-.^`|~]+", flags=re.ASCII)
+# https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2231#section-4
+_charset_value_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    ([\w!#$%&*+\-.^`|~]*)'  # charset part, could be empty
+    [\w!#$%&*+\-.^`|~]*'  # don't care about language part, usually empty
+    ([\w!#$%&'*+\-.^`|~]+)  # one or more token chars with percent encoding
+    """,
+    re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE,
+)
+# https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2231#section-3
+_continuation_re = re.compile(r"\*(\d+)$", re.ASCII)
+
+
+def parse_options_header(value: str | None) -> tuple[str, dict[str, str]]:
+    """Parse a header that consists of a value with ``key=value`` parameters separated
+    by semicolons ``;``. For example, the ``Content-Type`` header.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        parse_options_header("text/html; charset=UTF-8")
+        ('text/html', {'charset': 'UTF-8'})
+
+        parse_options_header("")
+        ("", {})
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`dump_options_header`.
+
+    This parses valid parameter parts as described in
+    `RFC 9110 <https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#parameter>`__. Invalid parts are
+    skipped.
+
+    This handles continuations and charsets as described in
+    `RFC 2231 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2231#section-3>`__, although not as
+    strictly as the RFC. Only ASCII, UTF-8, and ISO-8859-1 charsets are accepted,
+    otherwise the value remains quoted.
+
+    Clients may not be consistent in how they handle a quote character within a quoted
+    value. The `HTML Standard <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#multipart-form-data>`__
+    replaces it with ``%22`` in multipart form data.
+    `RFC 9110 <https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#quoted.strings>`__ uses backslash
+    escapes in HTTP headers. Both are decoded to the ``"`` character.
+
+    Clients may not be consistent in how they handle non-ASCII characters. HTML
+    documents must declare ``<meta charset=UTF-8>``, otherwise browsers may replace with
+    HTML character references, which can be decoded using :func:`html.unescape`.
+
+    :param value: The header value to parse.
+    :return: ``(value, options)``, where ``options`` is a dict
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Invalid parts, such as keys with no value, quoted keys, and incorrectly quoted
+        values, are discarded instead of treating as ``None``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Only ASCII, UTF-8, and ISO-8859-1 are accepted for charset values.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Escaped quotes in quoted values, like ``%22`` and ``\\"``, are handled.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Option names are always converted to lowercase.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        The ``multiple`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        :rfc:`2231` parameter continuations are handled.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return "", {}
+
+    value, _, rest = value.partition(";")
+    value = value.strip()
+    rest = rest.strip()
+
+    if not value or not rest:
+        # empty (invalid) value, or value without options
+        return value, {}
+
+    # Collect all valid key=value parts without processing the value.
+    parts: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+    while True:
+        if (m := _parameter_key_re.match(rest)) is not None:
+            pk = m.group(1).lower()
+            rest = rest[m.end() :]
+
+            # Value may be a token.
+            if (m := _parameter_token_value_re.match(rest)) is not None:
+                parts.append((pk, m.group()))
+
+            # Value may be a quoted string, find the closing quote.
+            elif rest[:1] == '"':
+                pos = 1
+                length = len(rest)
+
+                while pos < length:
+                    if rest[pos : pos + 2] in {"\\\\", '\\"'}:
+                        # Consume escaped slashes and quotes.
+                        pos += 2
+                    elif rest[pos] == '"':
+                        # Stop at an unescaped quote.
+                        parts.append((pk, rest[: pos + 1]))
+                        rest = rest[pos + 1 :]
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        # Consume any other character.
+                        pos += 1
+
+        # Find the next section delimited by `;`, if any.
+        if (end := rest.find(";")) == -1:
+            break
+
+        rest = rest[end + 1 :].lstrip()
+
+    options: dict[str, str] = {}
+    encoding: str | None = None
+    continued_encoding: str | None = None
+
+    # For each collected part, process optional charset and continuation,
+    # unquote quoted values.
+    for pk, pv in parts:
+        if pk[-1] == "*":
+            # key*=charset''value becomes key=value, where value is percent encoded
+            pk = pk[:-1]
+            match = _charset_value_re.match(pv)
+
+            if match:
+                # If there is a valid charset marker in the value, split it off.
+                encoding, pv = match.groups()
+                # This might be the empty string, handled next.
+                encoding = encoding.lower()
+
+            # No charset marker, or marker with empty charset value.
+            if not encoding:
+                encoding = continued_encoding
+
+            # A safe list of encodings. Modern clients should only send ASCII or UTF-8.
+            # This list will not be extended further. An invalid encoding will leave the
+            # value quoted.
+            if encoding in {"ascii", "us-ascii", "utf-8", "iso-8859-1"}:
+                # Continuation parts don't require their own charset marker. This is
+                # looser than the RFC, it will persist across different keys and allows
+                # changing the charset during a continuation. But this implementation is
+                # much simpler than tracking the full state.
+                continued_encoding = encoding
+                # invalid bytes are replaced during unquoting
+                pv = unquote(pv, encoding=encoding)
+
+        # Remove quotes. At this point the value cannot be empty or a single quote.
+        if pv[0] == pv[-1] == '"':
+            # HTTP headers use slash, multipart form data uses percent
+            pv = pv[1:-1].replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"').replace("%22", '"')
+
+        match = _continuation_re.search(pk)
+
+        if match:
+            # key*0=a; key*1=b becomes key=ab
+            pk = pk[: match.start()]
+            options[pk] = options.get(pk, "") + pv
+        else:
+            options[pk] = pv
+
+    return value, options
+
+
+_q_value_re = re.compile(r"-?\d+(\.\d+)?", re.ASCII)
+_TAnyAccept = t.TypeVar("_TAnyAccept", bound="ds.Accept")
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_accept_header(value: str | None) -> ds.Accept: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_accept_header(value: str | None, cls: type[_TAnyAccept]) -> _TAnyAccept: ...
+
+
+def parse_accept_header(
+    value: str | None, cls: type[_TAnyAccept] | None = None
+) -> _TAnyAccept:
+    """Parse an ``Accept`` header according to
+    `RFC 9110 <https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#field.accept>`__.
+
+    Returns an :class:`.Accept` instance, which can sort and inspect items based on
+    their quality parameter. When parsing ``Accept-Charset``, ``Accept-Encoding``, or
+    ``Accept-Language``, pass the appropriate :class:`.Accept` subclass.
+
+    :param value: The header value to parse.
+    :param cls: The :class:`.Accept` class to wrap the result in.
+    :return: An instance of ``cls``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Parse according to RFC 9110. Items with invalid ``q`` values are skipped.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast(type[_TAnyAccept], ds.Accept)
+
+    if not value:
+        return cls(None)
+
+    result = []
+
+    for item in parse_list_header(value):
+        item, options = parse_options_header(item)
+
+        if "q" in options:
+            # pop q, remaining options are reconstructed
+            q_str = options.pop("q").strip()
+
+            if _q_value_re.fullmatch(q_str) is None:
+                # ignore an invalid q
+                continue
+
+            q = float(q_str)
+
+            if q < 0 or q > 1:
+                # ignore an invalid q
+                continue
+        else:
+            q = 1
+
+        if options:
+            # reconstruct the media type with any options
+            item = dump_options_header(item, options)
+
+        result.append((item, q))
+
+    return cls(result)
+
+
+_TAnyCC = t.TypeVar("_TAnyCC", bound="ds.cache_control._CacheControl")
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_cache_control_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.cache_control._CacheControl], None] | None = None,
+) -> ds.RequestCacheControl: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_cache_control_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.cache_control._CacheControl], None] | None = None,
+    cls: type[_TAnyCC] = ...,
+) -> _TAnyCC: ...
+
+
+def parse_cache_control_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.cache_control._CacheControl], None] | None = None,
+    cls: type[_TAnyCC] | None = None,
+) -> _TAnyCC:
+    """Parse a cache control header.  The RFC differs between response and
+    request cache control, this method does not.  It's your responsibility
+    to not use the wrong control statements.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+       The `cls` was added.  If not specified an immutable
+       :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.RequestCacheControl` is returned.
+
+    :param value: a cache control header to be parsed.
+    :param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a value
+                      on the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.CacheControl`
+                      object is changed.
+    :param cls: the class for the returned object.  By default
+                :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.RequestCacheControl` is used.
+    :return: a `cls` object.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[_TAnyCC]", ds.RequestCacheControl)
+
+    if not value:
+        return cls((), on_update)
+
+    return cls(parse_dict_header(value), on_update)
+
+
+_TAnyCSP = t.TypeVar("_TAnyCSP", bound="ds.ContentSecurityPolicy")
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_csp_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.ContentSecurityPolicy], None] | None = None,
+) -> ds.ContentSecurityPolicy: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def parse_csp_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.ContentSecurityPolicy], None] | None = None,
+    cls: type[_TAnyCSP] = ...,
+) -> _TAnyCSP: ...
+
+
+def parse_csp_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.ContentSecurityPolicy], None] | None = None,
+    cls: type[_TAnyCSP] | None = None,
+) -> _TAnyCSP:
+    """Parse a Content Security Policy header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0.0
+       Support for Content Security Policy headers was added.
+
+    :param value: a csp header to be parsed.
+    :param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a value
+                      on the object is changed.
+    :param cls: the class for the returned object.  By default
+                :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentSecurityPolicy` is used.
+    :return: a `cls` object.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[_TAnyCSP]", ds.ContentSecurityPolicy)
+
+    if value is None:
+        return cls((), on_update)
+
+    items = []
+
+    for policy in value.split(";"):
+        policy = policy.strip()
+
+        # Ignore badly formatted policies (no space)
+        if " " in policy:
+            directive, value = policy.strip().split(" ", 1)
+            items.append((directive.strip(), value.strip()))
+
+    return cls(items, on_update)
+
+
+def parse_set_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.HeaderSet], None] | None = None,
+) -> ds.HeaderSet:
+    """Parse a set-like header and return a
+    :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.HeaderSet` object:
+
+    >>> hs = parse_set_header('token, "quoted value"')
+
+    The return value is an object that treats the items case-insensitively
+    and keeps the order of the items:
+
+    >>> 'TOKEN' in hs
+    True
+    >>> hs.index('quoted value')
+    1
+    >>> hs
+    HeaderSet(['token', 'quoted value'])
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`HeaderSet` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a set header to be parsed.
+    :param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a
+                      value on the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.HeaderSet`
+                      object is changed.
+    :return: a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.HeaderSet`
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return ds.HeaderSet(None, on_update)
+    return ds.HeaderSet(parse_list_header(value), on_update)
+
+
+def parse_if_range_header(value: str | None) -> ds.IfRange:
+    """Parses an if-range header which can be an etag or a date.  Returns
+    a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange` object.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        If the value represents a datetime, it is timezone-aware.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return ds.IfRange()
+    date = parse_date(value)
+    if date is not None:
+        return ds.IfRange(date=date)
+    # drop weakness information
+    return ds.IfRange(unquote_etag(value)[0])
+
+
+def parse_range_header(
+    value: str | None, make_inclusive: bool = True
+) -> ds.Range | None:
+    """Parses a range header into a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Range`
+    object.  If the header is missing or malformed `None` is returned.
+    `ranges` is a list of ``(start, stop)`` tuples where the ranges are
+    non-inclusive.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+    if not value or "=" not in value:
+        return None
+
+    ranges = []
+    last_end = 0
+    units, rng = value.split("=", 1)
+    units = units.strip().lower()
+
+    for item in rng.split(","):
+        item = item.strip()
+        if "-" not in item:
+            return None
+        if item.startswith("-"):
+            if last_end < 0:
+                return None
+            try:
+                begin = _plain_int(item)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+            end = None
+            last_end = -1
+        elif "-" in item:
+            begin_str, end_str = item.split("-", 1)
+            begin_str = begin_str.strip()
+            end_str = end_str.strip()
+
+            try:
+                begin = _plain_int(begin_str)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+
+            if begin < last_end or last_end < 0:
+                return None
+            if end_str:
+                try:
+                    end = _plain_int(end_str) + 1
+                except ValueError:
+                    return None
+
+                if begin >= end:
+                    return None
+            else:
+                end = None
+            last_end = end if end is not None else -1
+        ranges.append((begin, end))
+
+    return ds.Range(units, ranges)
+
+
+def parse_content_range_header(
+    value: str | None,
+    on_update: t.Callable[[ds.ContentRange], None] | None = None,
+) -> ds.ContentRange | None:
+    """Parses a range header into a
+    :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object or `None` if
+    parsing is not possible.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    :param value: a content range header to be parsed.
+    :param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a value
+                      on the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange`
+                      object is changed.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        units, rangedef = (value or "").strip().split(None, 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+    if "/" not in rangedef:
+        return None
+    rng, length_str = rangedef.split("/", 1)
+    if length_str == "*":
+        length = None
+    else:
+        try:
+            length = _plain_int(length_str)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    if rng == "*":
+        if not is_byte_range_valid(None, None, length):
+            return None
+
+        return ds.ContentRange(units, None, None, length, on_update=on_update)
+    elif "-" not in rng:
+        return None
+
+    start_str, stop_str = rng.split("-", 1)
+    try:
+        start = _plain_int(start_str)
+        stop = _plain_int(stop_str) + 1
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+    if is_byte_range_valid(start, stop, length):
+        return ds.ContentRange(units, start, stop, length, on_update=on_update)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def quote_etag(etag: str, weak: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Quote an etag.
+
+    :param etag: the etag to quote.
+    :param weak: set to `True` to tag it "weak".
+    """
+    if '"' in etag:
+        raise ValueError("invalid etag")
+    etag = f'"{etag}"'
+    if weak:
+        etag = f"W/{etag}"
+    return etag
+
+
+@t.overload
+def unquote_etag(etag: str) -> tuple[str, bool]: ...
+@t.overload
+def unquote_etag(etag: None) -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+def unquote_etag(
+    etag: str | None,
+) -> tuple[str, bool] | tuple[None, None]:
+    """Unquote a single etag:
+
+    >>> unquote_etag('W/"bar"')
+    ('bar', True)
+    >>> unquote_etag('"bar"')
+    ('bar', False)
+
+    :param etag: the etag identifier to unquote.
+    :return: a ``(etag, weak)`` tuple.
+    """
+    if not etag:
+        return None, None
+    etag = etag.strip()
+    weak = False
+    if etag.startswith(("W/", "w/")):
+        weak = True
+        etag = etag[2:]
+    if etag[:1] == etag[-1:] == '"':
+        etag = etag[1:-1]
+    return etag, weak
+
+
+def parse_etags(value: str | None) -> ds.ETags:
+    """Parse an etag header.
+
+    :param value: the tag header to parse
+    :return: an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags` object.
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return ds.ETags()
+    strong = []
+    weak = []
+    end = len(value)
+    pos = 0
+    while pos < end:
+        match = _etag_re.match(value, pos)
+        if match is None:
+            break
+        is_weak, quoted, raw = match.groups()
+        if raw == "*":
+            return ds.ETags(star_tag=True)
+        elif quoted:
+            raw = quoted
+        if is_weak:
+            weak.append(raw)
+        else:
+            strong.append(raw)
+        pos = match.end()
+    return ds.ETags(strong, weak)
+
+
+def generate_etag(data: bytes) -> str:
+    """Generate an etag for some data.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Use SHA-1. MD5 may not be available in some environments.
+    """
+    return sha1(data).hexdigest()
+
+
+def parse_date(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
+    """Parse an :rfc:`2822` date into a timezone-aware
+    :class:`datetime.datetime` object, or ``None`` if parsing fails.
+
+    This is a wrapper for :func:`email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime`. It
+    returns ``None`` if parsing fails instead of raising an exception,
+    and always returns a timezone-aware datetime object. If the string
+    doesn't have timezone information, it is assumed to be UTC.
+
+    :param value: A string with a supported date format.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Return a timezone-aware datetime object. Use
+        ``email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime``.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        dt = email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        return dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+    return dt
+
+
+def http_date(
+    timestamp: datetime | date | int | float | struct_time | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Format a datetime object or timestamp into an :rfc:`2822` date
+    string.
+
+    This is a wrapper for :func:`email.utils.format_datetime`. It
+    assumes naive datetime objects are in UTC instead of raising an
+    exception.
+
+    :param timestamp: The datetime or timestamp to format. Defaults to
+        the current time.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Use ``email.utils.format_datetime``. Accept ``date`` objects.
+    """
+    if isinstance(timestamp, date):
+        if not isinstance(timestamp, datetime):
+            # Assume plain date is midnight UTC.
+            timestamp = datetime.combine(timestamp, time(), tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        else:
+            # Ensure datetime is timezone-aware.
+            timestamp = _dt_as_utc(timestamp)
+
+        return email.utils.format_datetime(timestamp, usegmt=True)
+
+    if isinstance(timestamp, struct_time):
+        timestamp = mktime(timestamp)
+
+    return email.utils.formatdate(timestamp, usegmt=True)
+
+
+def parse_age(value: str | None = None) -> timedelta | None:
+    """Parses a base-10 integer count of seconds into a timedelta.
+
+    If parsing fails, the return value is `None`.
+
+    :param value: a string consisting of an integer represented in base-10
+    :return: a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object or `None`.
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return None
+    try:
+        seconds = int(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    if seconds < 0:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+    except OverflowError:
+        return None
+
+
+def dump_age(age: timedelta | int | None = None) -> str | None:
+    """Formats the duration as a base-10 integer.
+
+    :param age: should be an integer number of seconds,
+                a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object, or,
+                if the age is unknown, `None` (default).
+    """
+    if age is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(age, timedelta):
+        age = int(age.total_seconds())
+    else:
+        age = int(age)
+
+    if age < 0:
+        raise ValueError("age cannot be negative")
+
+    return str(age)
+
+
+def is_resource_modified(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    etag: str | None = None,
+    data: bytes | None = None,
+    last_modified: datetime | str | None = None,
+    ignore_if_range: bool = True,
+) -> bool:
+    """Convenience method for conditional requests.
+
+    :param environ: the WSGI environment of the request to be checked.
+    :param etag: the etag for the response for comparison.
+    :param data: or alternatively the data of the response to automatically
+                 generate an etag using :func:`generate_etag`.
+    :param last_modified: an optional date of the last modification.
+    :param ignore_if_range: If `False`, `If-Range` header will be taken into
+                            account.
+    :return: `True` if the resource was modified, otherwise `False`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        SHA-1 is used to generate an etag value for the data. MD5 may
+        not be available in some environments.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+        The check is run for methods other than ``GET`` and ``HEAD``.
+    """
+    return _sansio_http.is_resource_modified(
+        http_range=environ.get("HTTP_RANGE"),
+        http_if_range=environ.get("HTTP_IF_RANGE"),
+        http_if_modified_since=environ.get("HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE"),
+        http_if_none_match=environ.get("HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH"),
+        http_if_match=environ.get("HTTP_IF_MATCH"),
+        etag=etag,
+        data=data,
+        last_modified=last_modified,
+        ignore_if_range=ignore_if_range,
+    )
+
+
+def remove_entity_headers(
+    headers: ds.Headers | list[tuple[str, str]],
+    allowed: t.Iterable[str] = ("expires", "content-location"),
+) -> None:
+    """Remove all entity headers from a list or :class:`Headers` object.  This
+    operation works in-place.  `Expires` and `Content-Location` headers are
+    by default not removed.  The reason for this is :rfc:`2616` section
+    10.3.5 which specifies some entity headers that should be sent.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+       added `allowed` parameter.
+
+    :param headers: a list or :class:`Headers` object.
+    :param allowed: a list of headers that should still be allowed even though
+                    they are entity headers.
+    """
+    allowed = {x.lower() for x in allowed}
+    headers[:] = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in headers
+        if not is_entity_header(key) or key.lower() in allowed
+    ]
+
+
+def remove_hop_by_hop_headers(headers: ds.Headers | list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
+    """Remove all HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" headers from a list or
+    :class:`Headers` object.  This operation works in-place.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :param headers: a list or :class:`Headers` object.
+    """
+    headers[:] = [
+        (key, value) for key, value in headers if not is_hop_by_hop_header(key)
+    ]
+
+
+def is_entity_header(header: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a header is an entity header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :param header: the header to test.
+    :return: `True` if it's an entity header, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return header.lower() in _entity_headers
+
+
+def is_hop_by_hop_header(header: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a header is an HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :param header: the header to test.
+    :return: `True` if it's an HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" header, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return header.lower() in _hop_by_hop_headers
+
+
+def parse_cookie(
+    header: WSGIEnvironment | str | None,
+    cls: type[ds.MultiDict[str, str]] | None = None,
+) -> ds.MultiDict[str, str]:
+    """Parse a cookie from a string or WSGI environ.
+
+    The same key can be provided multiple times, the values are stored
+    in-order. The default :class:`MultiDict` will have the first value
+    first, and all values can be retrieved with
+    :meth:`MultiDict.getlist`.
+
+    :param header: The cookie header as a string, or a WSGI environ dict
+        with a ``HTTP_COOKIE`` key.
+    :param cls: A dict-like class to store the parsed cookies in.
+        Defaults to :class:`MultiDict`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing bytes, and the ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters, were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        Returns a :class:`MultiDict` instead of a ``TypeConversionDict``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        Returns a :class:`TypeConversionDict` instead of a regular dict. The ``cls``
+        parameter was added.
+    """
+    if isinstance(header, dict):
+        cookie = header.get("HTTP_COOKIE")
+    else:
+        cookie = header
+
+    if cookie:
+        cookie = cookie.encode("latin1").decode()
+
+    return _sansio_http.parse_cookie(cookie=cookie, cls=cls)
+
+
+_cookie_no_quote_re = re.compile(r"[\w!#$%&'()*+\-./:<=>?@\[\]^`{|}~]*", re.A)
+_cookie_slash_re = re.compile(rb"[\x00-\x19\",;\\\x7f-\xff]", re.A)
+_cookie_slash_map = {b'"': b'\\"', b"\\": b"\\\\"}
+_cookie_slash_map.update(
+    (v.to_bytes(1, "big"), b"\\%03o" % v)
+    for v in [*range(0x20), *b",;", *range(0x7F, 256)]
+)
+
+
+def dump_cookie(
+    key: str,
+    value: str = "",
+    max_age: timedelta | int | None = None,
+    expires: str | datetime | int | float | None = None,
+    path: str | None = "/",
+    domain: str | None = None,
+    secure: bool = False,
+    httponly: bool = False,
+    sync_expires: bool = True,
+    max_size: int = 4093,
+    samesite: str | None = None,
+    partitioned: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Create a Set-Cookie header without the ``Set-Cookie`` prefix.
+
+    The return value is usually restricted to ascii as the vast majority
+    of values are properly escaped, but that is no guarantee. It's
+    tunneled through latin1 as required by :pep:`3333`.
+
+    The return value is not ASCII safe if the key contains unicode
+    characters.  This is technically against the specification but
+    happens in the wild.  It's strongly recommended to not use
+    non-ASCII values for the keys.
+
+    :param max_age: should be a number of seconds, or `None` (default) if
+                    the cookie should last only as long as the client's
+                    browser session.  Additionally `timedelta` objects
+                    are accepted, too.
+    :param expires: should be a `datetime` object or unix timestamp.
+    :param path: limits the cookie to a given path, per default it will
+                 span the whole domain.
+    :param domain: Use this if you want to set a cross-domain cookie. For
+                   example, ``domain="example.com"`` will set a cookie
+                   that is readable by the domain ``www.example.com``,
+                   ``foo.example.com`` etc. Otherwise, a cookie will only
+                   be readable by the domain that set it.
+    :param secure: The cookie will only be available via HTTPS
+    :param httponly: disallow JavaScript to access the cookie.  This is an
+                     extension to the cookie standard and probably not
+                     supported by all browsers.
+    :param charset: the encoding for string values.
+    :param sync_expires: automatically set expires if max_age is defined
+                         but expires not.
+    :param max_size: Warn if the final header value exceeds this size. The
+        default, 4093, should be safely `supported by most browsers
+        <cookie_>`_. Set to 0 to disable this check.
+    :param samesite: Limits the scope of the cookie such that it will
+        only be attached to requests if those requests are same-site.
+    :param partitioned: Opts the cookie into partitioned storage. This
+        will also set secure to True
+
+    .. _`cookie`: http://browsercookielimits.squawky.net/
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        The ``partitioned`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing bytes, and the ``charset`` parameter, were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.3
+        The ``path`` parameter is ``/`` by default.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.1
+        The value allows more characters without quoting.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        ``localhost`` and other names without a dot are allowed for the domain. A
+        leading dot is ignored.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The ``path`` parameter is ``None`` by default.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+        The string ``'None'`` is accepted for ``samesite``.
+    """
+    if path is not None:
+        # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+        # as well as percent for things that are already quoted
+        # excluding semicolon since it's part of the header syntax
+        path = quote(path, safe="%!$&'()*+,/:=@")
+
+    if domain:
+        domain = domain.partition(":")[0].lstrip(".").encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+
+    if isinstance(max_age, timedelta):
+        max_age = int(max_age.total_seconds())
+
+    if expires is not None:
+        if not isinstance(expires, str):
+            expires = http_date(expires)
+    elif max_age is not None and sync_expires:
+        expires = http_date(datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp() + max_age)
+
+    if samesite is not None:
+        samesite = samesite.title()
+
+        if samesite not in {"Strict", "Lax", "None"}:
+            raise ValueError("SameSite must be 'Strict', 'Lax', or 'None'.")
+
+    if partitioned:
+        secure = True
+
+    # Quote value if it contains characters not allowed by RFC 6265. Slash-escape with
+    # three octal digits, which matches http.cookies, although the RFC suggests base64.
+    if not _cookie_no_quote_re.fullmatch(value):
+        # Work with bytes here, since a UTF-8 character could be multiple bytes.
+        value = _cookie_slash_re.sub(
+            lambda m: _cookie_slash_map[m.group()], value.encode()
+        ).decode("ascii")
+        value = f'"{value}"'
+
+    # Send a non-ASCII key as mojibake. Everything else should already be ASCII.
+    # TODO Remove encoding dance, it seems like clients accept UTF-8 keys
+    buf = [f"{key.encode().decode('latin1')}={value}"]
+
+    for k, v in (
+        ("Domain", domain),
+        ("Expires", expires),
+        ("Max-Age", max_age),
+        ("Secure", secure),
+        ("HttpOnly", httponly),
+        ("Path", path),
+        ("SameSite", samesite),
+        ("Partitioned", partitioned),
+    ):
+        if v is None or v is False:
+            continue
+
+        if v is True:
+            buf.append(k)
+            continue
+
+        buf.append(f"{k}={v}")
+
+    rv = "; ".join(buf)
+
+    # Warn if the final value of the cookie is larger than the limit. If the cookie is
+    # too large, then it may be silently ignored by the browser, which can be quite hard
+    # to debug.
+    cookie_size = len(rv)
+
+    if max_size and cookie_size > max_size:
+        value_size = len(value)
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"The '{key}' cookie is too large: the value was {value_size} bytes but the"
+            f" header required {cookie_size - value_size} extra bytes. The final size"
+            f" was {cookie_size} bytes but the limit is {max_size} bytes. Browsers may"
+            " silently ignore cookies larger than this.",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def is_byte_range_valid(
+    start: int | None, stop: int | None, length: int | None
+) -> bool:
+    """Checks if a given byte content range is valid for the given length.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+    """
+    if (start is None) != (stop is None):
+        return False
+    elif start is None:
+        return length is None or length >= 0
+    elif length is None:
+        return 0 <= start < stop  # type: ignore
+    elif start >= stop:  # type: ignore
+        return False
+    return 0 <= start < length
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from . import datastructures as ds
+from .sansio import http as _sansio_http
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302589b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py
@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import math
+import operator
+import typing as t
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from functools import partial
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from operator import attrgetter
+
+from .wsgi import ClosingIterator
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+def release_local(local: Local | LocalStack[t.Any]) -> None:
+    """Release the data for the current context in a :class:`Local` or
+    :class:`LocalStack` without using a :class:`LocalManager`.
+
+    This should not be needed for modern use cases, and may be removed
+    in the future.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6.1
+    """
+    local.__release_local__()
+
+
+class Local:
+    """Create a namespace of context-local data. This wraps a
+    :class:`ContextVar` containing a :class:`dict` value.
+
+    This may incur a performance penalty compared to using individual
+    context vars, as it has to copy data to avoid mutating the dict
+    between nested contexts.
+
+    :param context_var: The :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` to use as
+        storage for this local. If not given, one will be created.
+        Context vars not created at the global scope may interfere with
+        garbage collection.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Uses ``ContextVar`` instead of a custom storage implementation.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("__storage",)
+
+    def __init__(self, context_var: ContextVar[dict[str, t.Any]] | None = None) -> None:
+        if context_var is None:
+            # A ContextVar not created at global scope interferes with
+            # Python's garbage collection. However, a local only makes
+            # sense defined at the global scope as well, in which case
+            # the GC issue doesn't seem relevant.
+            context_var = ContextVar(f"werkzeug.Local<{id(self)}>.storage")
+
+        object.__setattr__(self, "_Local__storage", context_var)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[tuple[str, t.Any]]:
+        return iter(self.__storage.get({}).items())
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, name: str, *, unbound_message: str | None = None
+    ) -> LocalProxy[t.Any]:
+        """Create a :class:`LocalProxy` that access an attribute on this
+        local namespace.
+
+        :param name: Proxy this attribute.
+        :param unbound_message: The error message that the proxy will
+            show if the attribute isn't set.
+        """
+        return LocalProxy(self, name, unbound_message=unbound_message)
+
+    def __release_local__(self) -> None:
+        self.__storage.set({})
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        values = self.__storage.get({})
+
+        if name in values:
+            return values[name]
+
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
+        values = self.__storage.get({}).copy()
+        values[name] = value
+        self.__storage.set(values)
+
+    def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        values = self.__storage.get({})
+
+        if name in values:
+            values = values.copy()
+            del values[name]
+            self.__storage.set(values)
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+class LocalStack(t.Generic[T]):
+    """Create a stack of context-local data. This wraps a
+    :class:`ContextVar` containing a :class:`list` value.
+
+    This may incur a performance penalty compared to using individual
+    context vars, as it has to copy data to avoid mutating the list
+    between nested contexts.
+
+    :param context_var: The :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` to use as
+        storage for this local. If not given, one will be created.
+        Context vars not created at the global scope may interfere with
+        garbage collection.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Uses ``ContextVar`` instead of a custom storage implementation.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6.1
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_storage",)
+
+    def __init__(self, context_var: ContextVar[list[T]] | None = None) -> None:
+        if context_var is None:
+            # A ContextVar not created at global scope interferes with
+            # Python's garbage collection. However, a local only makes
+            # sense defined at the global scope as well, in which case
+            # the GC issue doesn't seem relevant.
+            context_var = ContextVar(f"werkzeug.LocalStack<{id(self)}>.storage")
+
+        self._storage = context_var
+
+    def __release_local__(self) -> None:
+        self._storage.set([])
+
+    def push(self, obj: T) -> list[T]:
+        """Add a new item to the top of the stack."""
+        stack = self._storage.get([]).copy()
+        stack.append(obj)
+        self._storage.set(stack)
+        return stack
+
+    def pop(self) -> T | None:
+        """Remove the top item from the stack and return it. If the
+        stack is empty, return ``None``.
+        """
+        stack = self._storage.get([])
+
+        if len(stack) == 0:
+            return None
+
+        rv = stack[-1]
+        self._storage.set(stack[:-1])
+        return rv
+
+    @property
+    def top(self) -> T | None:
+        """The topmost item on the stack.  If the stack is empty,
+        `None` is returned.
+        """
+        stack = self._storage.get([])
+
+        if len(stack) == 0:
+            return None
+
+        return stack[-1]
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, name: str | None = None, *, unbound_message: str | None = None
+    ) -> LocalProxy[t.Any]:
+        """Create a :class:`LocalProxy` that accesses the top of this
+        local stack.
+
+        :param name: If given, the proxy access this attribute of the
+            top item, rather than the item itself.
+        :param unbound_message: The error message that the proxy will
+            show if the stack is empty.
+        """
+        return LocalProxy(self, name, unbound_message=unbound_message)
+
+
+class LocalManager:
+    """Manage releasing the data for the current context in one or more
+    :class:`Local` and :class:`LocalStack` objects.
+
+    This should not be needed for modern use cases, and may be removed
+    in the future.
+
+    :param locals: A local or list of locals to manage.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        The ``ident_func`` was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+        The ``ident_func`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
+        The :func:`release_local` function can be used instead of a
+        manager.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("locals",)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        locals: None
+        | (Local | LocalStack[t.Any] | t.Iterable[Local | LocalStack[t.Any]]) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if locals is None:
+            self.locals = []
+        elif isinstance(locals, Local):
+            self.locals = [locals]
+        else:
+            self.locals = list(locals)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Release the data in the locals for this context. Call this at
+        the end of each request or use :meth:`make_middleware`.
+        """
+        for local in self.locals:
+            release_local(local)
+
+    def make_middleware(self, app: WSGIApplication) -> WSGIApplication:
+        """Wrap a WSGI application so that local data is released
+        automatically after the response has been sent for a request.
+        """
+
+        def application(
+            environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+        ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+            return ClosingIterator(app(environ, start_response), self.cleanup)
+
+        return application
+
+    def middleware(self, func: WSGIApplication) -> WSGIApplication:
+        """Like :meth:`make_middleware` but used as a decorator on the
+        WSGI application function.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @manager.middleware
+            def application(environ, start_response):
+                ...
+        """
+        return update_wrapper(self.make_middleware(func), func)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} storages: {len(self.locals)}>"
+
+
+class _ProxyLookup:
+    """Descriptor that handles proxied attribute lookup for
+    :class:`LocalProxy`.
+
+    :param f: The built-in function this attribute is accessed through.
+        Instead of looking up the special method, the function call
+        is redone on the object.
+    :param fallback: Return this function if the proxy is unbound
+        instead of raising a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+    :param is_attr: This proxied name is an attribute, not a function.
+        Call the fallback immediately to get the value.
+    :param class_value: Value to return when accessed from the
+        ``LocalProxy`` class directly. Used for ``__doc__`` so building
+        docs still works.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("bind_f", "fallback", "is_attr", "class_value", "name")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        f: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback: t.Callable[[LocalProxy[t.Any]], t.Any] | None = None,
+        class_value: t.Any | None = None,
+        is_attr: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        bind_f: t.Callable[[LocalProxy[t.Any], t.Any], t.Callable[..., t.Any]] | None
+
+        if hasattr(f, "__get__"):
+            # A Python function, can be turned into a bound method.
+
+            def bind_f(
+                instance: LocalProxy[t.Any], obj: t.Any
+            ) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+                return f.__get__(obj, type(obj))  # type: ignore
+
+        elif f is not None:
+            # A C function, use partial to bind the first argument.
+
+            def bind_f(
+                instance: LocalProxy[t.Any], obj: t.Any
+            ) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+                return partial(f, obj)
+
+        else:
+            # Use getattr, which will produce a bound method.
+            bind_f = None
+
+        self.bind_f = bind_f
+        self.fallback = fallback
+        self.class_value = class_value
+        self.is_attr = is_attr
+
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: LocalProxy[t.Any], name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: LocalProxy[t.Any], owner: type | None = None) -> t.Any:
+        if instance is None:
+            if self.class_value is not None:
+                return self.class_value
+
+            return self
+
+        try:
+            obj = instance._get_current_object()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            if self.fallback is None:
+                raise
+
+            fallback = self.fallback.__get__(instance, owner)
+
+            if self.is_attr:
+                # __class__ and __doc__ are attributes, not methods.
+                # Call the fallback to get the value.
+                return fallback()
+
+            return fallback
+
+        if self.bind_f is not None:
+            return self.bind_f(instance, obj)
+
+        return getattr(obj, self.name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"proxy {self.name}"
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, instance: LocalProxy[t.Any], *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """Support calling unbound methods from the class. For example,
+        this happens with ``copy.copy``, which does
+        ``type(x).__copy__(x)``. ``type(x)`` can't be proxied, so it
+        returns the proxy type and descriptor.
+        """
+        return self.__get__(instance, type(instance))(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class _ProxyIOp(_ProxyLookup):
+    """Look up an augmented assignment method on a proxied object. The
+    method is wrapped to return the proxy instead of the object.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        f: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        fallback: t.Callable[[LocalProxy[t.Any]], t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(f, fallback)
+
+        def bind_f(instance: LocalProxy[t.Any], obj: t.Any) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+            def i_op(self: t.Any, other: t.Any) -> LocalProxy[t.Any]:
+                f(self, other)  # type: ignore
+                return instance
+
+            return i_op.__get__(obj, type(obj))  # type: ignore
+
+        self.bind_f = bind_f
+
+
+def _l_to_r_op(op: F) -> F:
+    """Swap the argument order to turn an l-op into an r-op."""
+
+    def r_op(obj: t.Any, other: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        return op(other, obj)
+
+    return t.cast(F, r_op)
+
+
+def _identity(o: T) -> T:
+    return o
+
+
+class LocalProxy(t.Generic[T]):
+    """A proxy to the object bound to a context-local object. All
+    operations on the proxy are forwarded to the bound object. If no
+    object is bound, a ``RuntimeError`` is raised.
+
+    :param local: The context-local object that provides the proxied
+        object.
+    :param name: Proxy this attribute from the proxied object.
+    :param unbound_message: The error message to show if the
+        context-local object is unbound.
+
+    Proxy a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` to make it easier to
+    access. Pass a name to proxy that attribute.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        _request_var = ContextVar("request")
+        request = LocalProxy(_request_var)
+        session = LocalProxy(_request_var, "session")
+
+    Proxy an attribute on a :class:`Local` namespace by calling the
+    local with the attribute name:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        data = Local()
+        user = data("user")
+
+    Proxy the top item on a :class:`LocalStack` by calling the local.
+    Pass a name to proxy that attribute.
+
+    .. code-block::
+
+        app_stack = LocalStack()
+        current_app = app_stack()
+        g = app_stack("g")
+
+    Pass a function to proxy the return value from that function. This
+    was previously used to access attributes of local objects before
+    that was supported directly.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        session = LocalProxy(lambda: request.session)
+
+    ``__repr__`` and ``__class__`` are proxied, so ``repr(x)`` and
+    ``isinstance(x, cls)`` will look like the proxied object. Use
+    ``issubclass(type(x), LocalProxy)`` to check if an object is a
+    proxy.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        repr(user)  # <User admin>
+        isinstance(user, User)  # True
+        issubclass(type(user), LocalProxy)  # True
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2.2
+        ``__wrapped__`` is set when wrapping an object, not only when
+        wrapping a function, to prevent doctest from failing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Can proxy a ``ContextVar`` or ``LocalStack`` directly.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        The ``name`` parameter can be used with any proxied object, not
+        only ``Local``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Added the ``unbound_message`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Updated proxied attributes and methods to reflect the current
+        data model.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
+        The class can be instantiated with a callable.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("__wrapped", "_get_current_object")
+
+    _get_current_object: t.Callable[[], T]
+    """Return the current object this proxy is bound to. If the proxy is
+    unbound, this raises a ``RuntimeError``.
+
+    This should be used if you need to pass the object to something that
+    doesn't understand the proxy. It can also be useful for performance
+    if you are accessing the object multiple times in a function, rather
+    than going through the proxy multiple times.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        local: ContextVar[T] | Local | LocalStack[T] | t.Callable[[], T],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        unbound_message: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if name is None:
+            get_name = _identity
+        else:
+            get_name = attrgetter(name)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        if unbound_message is None:
+            unbound_message = "object is not bound"
+
+        if isinstance(local, Local):
+            if name is None:
+                raise TypeError("'name' is required when proxying a 'Local' object.")
+
+            def _get_current_object() -> T:
+                try:
+                    return get_name(local)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise RuntimeError(unbound_message) from None
+
+        elif isinstance(local, LocalStack):
+
+            def _get_current_object() -> T:
+                obj = local.top
+
+                if obj is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(unbound_message)
+
+                return get_name(obj)
+
+        elif isinstance(local, ContextVar):
+
+            def _get_current_object() -> T:
+                try:
+                    obj = local.get()
+                except LookupError:
+                    raise RuntimeError(unbound_message) from None
+
+                return get_name(obj)
+
+        elif callable(local):
+
+            def _get_current_object() -> T:
+                return get_name(local())
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Don't know how to proxy '{type(local)}'.")
+
+        object.__setattr__(self, "_LocalProxy__wrapped", local)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "_get_current_object", _get_current_object)
+
+    __doc__ = _ProxyLookup(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        class_value=__doc__, fallback=lambda self: type(self).__doc__, is_attr=True
+    )
+    __wrapped__ = _ProxyLookup(
+        fallback=lambda self: self._LocalProxy__wrapped,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        is_attr=True,
+    )
+    # __del__ should only delete the proxy
+    __repr__ = _ProxyLookup(  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        repr, fallback=lambda self: f"<{type(self).__name__} unbound>"
+    )
+    __str__ = _ProxyLookup(str)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __bytes__ = _ProxyLookup(bytes)
+    __format__ = _ProxyLookup()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __lt__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.lt)
+    __le__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.le)
+    __eq__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.eq)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __ne__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.ne)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __gt__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.gt)
+    __ge__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.ge)
+    __hash__ = _ProxyLookup(hash)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __bool__ = _ProxyLookup(bool, fallback=lambda self: False)
+    __getattr__ = _ProxyLookup(getattr)
+    # __getattribute__ triggered through __getattr__
+    __setattr__ = _ProxyLookup(setattr)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __delattr__ = _ProxyLookup(delattr)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __dir__ = _ProxyLookup(dir, fallback=lambda self: [])  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    # __get__ (proxying descriptor not supported)
+    # __set__ (descriptor)
+    # __delete__ (descriptor)
+    # __set_name__ (descriptor)
+    # __objclass__ (descriptor)
+    # __slots__ used by proxy itself
+    # __dict__ (__getattr__)
+    # __weakref__ (__getattr__)
+    # __init_subclass__ (proxying metaclass not supported)
+    # __prepare__ (metaclass)
+    __class__ = _ProxyLookup(fallback=lambda self: type(self), is_attr=True)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __instancecheck__ = _ProxyLookup(lambda self, other: isinstance(other, self))
+    __subclasscheck__ = _ProxyLookup(lambda self, other: issubclass(other, self))
+    # __class_getitem__ triggered through __getitem__
+    __call__ = _ProxyLookup(lambda self, *args, **kwargs: self(*args, **kwargs))
+    __len__ = _ProxyLookup(len)
+    __length_hint__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.length_hint)
+    __getitem__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.getitem)
+    __setitem__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.setitem)
+    __delitem__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.delitem)
+    # __missing__ triggered through __getitem__
+    __iter__ = _ProxyLookup(iter)
+    __next__ = _ProxyLookup(next)
+    __reversed__ = _ProxyLookup(reversed)
+    __contains__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.contains)
+    __add__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.add)
+    __sub__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.sub)
+    __mul__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.mul)
+    __matmul__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.matmul)
+    __truediv__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.truediv)
+    __floordiv__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.floordiv)
+    __mod__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.mod)
+    __divmod__ = _ProxyLookup(divmod)
+    __pow__ = _ProxyLookup(pow)
+    __lshift__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.lshift)
+    __rshift__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.rshift)
+    __and__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.and_)
+    __xor__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.xor)
+    __or__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.or_)
+    __radd__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.add))
+    __rsub__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.sub))
+    __rmul__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.mul))
+    __rmatmul__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.matmul))
+    __rtruediv__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.truediv))
+    __rfloordiv__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.floordiv))
+    __rmod__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.mod))
+    __rdivmod__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(divmod))
+    __rpow__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(pow))
+    __rlshift__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.lshift))
+    __rrshift__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.rshift))
+    __rand__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.and_))
+    __rxor__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.xor))
+    __ror__ = _ProxyLookup(_l_to_r_op(operator.or_))
+    __iadd__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.iadd)
+    __isub__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.isub)
+    __imul__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.imul)
+    __imatmul__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.imatmul)
+    __itruediv__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.itruediv)
+    __ifloordiv__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.ifloordiv)
+    __imod__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.imod)
+    __ipow__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.ipow)
+    __ilshift__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.ilshift)
+    __irshift__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.irshift)
+    __iand__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.iand)
+    __ixor__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.ixor)
+    __ior__ = _ProxyIOp(operator.ior)
+    __neg__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.neg)
+    __pos__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.pos)
+    __abs__ = _ProxyLookup(abs)
+    __invert__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.invert)
+    __complex__ = _ProxyLookup(complex)
+    __int__ = _ProxyLookup(int)
+    __float__ = _ProxyLookup(float)
+    __index__ = _ProxyLookup(operator.index)
+    __round__ = _ProxyLookup(round)
+    __trunc__ = _ProxyLookup(math.trunc)
+    __floor__ = _ProxyLookup(math.floor)
+    __ceil__ = _ProxyLookup(math.ceil)
+    __enter__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __exit__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __await__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __aiter__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __anext__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __aenter__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __aexit__ = _ProxyLookup()
+    __copy__ = _ProxyLookup(copy.copy)
+    __deepcopy__ = _ProxyLookup(copy.deepcopy)
+    # __getnewargs_ex__ (pickle through proxy not supported)
+    # __getnewargs__ (pickle)
+    # __getstate__ (pickle)
+    # __setstate__ (pickle)
+    # __reduce__ (pickle)
+    # __reduce_ex__ (pickle)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/dispatcher.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/dispatcher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11bacc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/dispatcher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""
+Application Dispatcher
+======================
+
+This middleware creates a single WSGI application that dispatches to
+multiple other WSGI applications mounted at different URL paths.
+
+A common example is writing a Single Page Application, where you have a
+backend API and a frontend written in JavaScript that does the routing
+in the browser rather than requesting different pages from the server.
+The frontend is a single HTML and JS file that should be served for any
+path besides "/api".
+
+This example dispatches to an API app under "/api", an admin app
+under "/admin", and an app that serves frontend files for all other
+requests::
+
+    app = DispatcherMiddleware(serve_frontend, {
+        '/api': api_app,
+        '/admin': admin_app,
+    })
+
+In production, you might instead handle this at the HTTP server level,
+serving files or proxying to application servers based on location. The
+API and admin apps would each be deployed with a separate WSGI server,
+and the static files would be served directly by the HTTP server.
+
+.. autoclass:: DispatcherMiddleware
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class DispatcherMiddleware:
+    """Combine multiple applications as a single WSGI application.
+    Requests are dispatched to an application based on the path it is
+    mounted under.
+
+    :param app: The WSGI application to dispatch to if the request
+        doesn't match a mounted path.
+    :param mounts: Maps path prefixes to applications for dispatching.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        mounts: dict[str, WSGIApplication] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.mounts = mounts or {}
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        script = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
+        path_info = ""
+
+        while "/" in script:
+            if script in self.mounts:
+                app = self.mounts[script]
+                break
+
+            script, last_item = script.rsplit("/", 1)
+            path_info = f"/{last_item}{path_info}"
+        else:
+            app = self.mounts.get(script, self.app)
+
+        original_script_name = environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", "")
+        environ["SCRIPT_NAME"] = original_script_name + script
+        environ["PATH_INFO"] = path_info
+        return app(environ, start_response)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/http_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e23915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+"""
+Basic HTTP Proxy
+================
+
+.. autoclass:: ProxyMiddleware
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from http import client
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+from ..datastructures import EnvironHeaders
+from ..http import is_hop_by_hop_header
+from ..wsgi import get_input_stream
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class ProxyMiddleware:
+    """Proxy requests under a path to an external server, routing other
+    requests to the app.
+
+    This middleware can only proxy HTTP requests, as HTTP is the only
+    protocol handled by the WSGI server. Other protocols, such as
+    WebSocket requests, cannot be proxied at this layer. This should
+    only be used for development, in production a real proxy server
+    should be used.
+
+    The middleware takes a dict mapping a path prefix to a dict
+    describing the host to be proxied to::
+
+        app = ProxyMiddleware(app, {
+            "/static/": {
+                "target": "http://127.0.0.1:5001/",
+            }
+        })
+
+    Each host has the following options:
+
+    ``target``:
+        The target URL to dispatch to. This is required.
+    ``remove_prefix``:
+        Whether to remove the prefix from the URL before dispatching it
+        to the target. The default is ``False``.
+    ``host``:
+        ``"<auto>"`` (default):
+            The host header is automatically rewritten to the URL of the
+            target.
+        ``None``:
+            The host header is unmodified from the client request.
+        Any other value:
+            The host header is overwritten with the value.
+    ``headers``:
+        A dictionary of headers to be sent with the request to the
+        target. The default is ``{}``.
+    ``ssl_context``:
+        A :class:`ssl.SSLContext` defining how to verify requests if the
+        target is HTTPS. The default is ``None``.
+
+    In the example above, everything under ``"/static/"`` is proxied to
+    the server on port 5001. The host header is rewritten to the target,
+    and the ``"/static/"`` prefix is removed from the URLs.
+
+    :param app: The WSGI application to wrap.
+    :param targets: Proxy target configurations. See description above.
+    :param chunk_size: Size of chunks to read from input stream and
+        write to target.
+    :param timeout: Seconds before an operation to a target fails.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.14
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        targets: t.Mapping[str, dict[str, t.Any]],
+        chunk_size: int = 2 << 13,
+        timeout: int = 10,
+    ) -> None:
+        def _set_defaults(opts: dict[str, t.Any]) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+            opts.setdefault("remove_prefix", False)
+            opts.setdefault("host", "<auto>")
+            opts.setdefault("headers", {})
+            opts.setdefault("ssl_context", None)
+            return opts
+
+        self.app = app
+        self.targets = {
+            f"/{k.strip('/')}/": _set_defaults(v) for k, v in targets.items()
+        }
+        self.chunk_size = chunk_size
+        self.timeout = timeout
+
+    def proxy_to(
+        self, opts: dict[str, t.Any], path: str, prefix: str
+    ) -> WSGIApplication:
+        target = urlsplit(opts["target"])
+        # socket can handle unicode host, but header must be ascii
+        host = target.hostname.encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+
+        def application(
+            environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+        ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+            headers = list(EnvironHeaders(environ).items())
+            headers[:] = [
+                (k, v)
+                for k, v in headers
+                if not is_hop_by_hop_header(k)
+                and k.lower() not in ("content-length", "host")
+            ]
+            headers.append(("Connection", "close"))
+
+            if opts["host"] == "<auto>":
+                headers.append(("Host", host))
+            elif opts["host"] is None:
+                headers.append(("Host", environ["HTTP_HOST"]))
+            else:
+                headers.append(("Host", opts["host"]))
+
+            headers.extend(opts["headers"].items())
+            remote_path = path
+
+            if opts["remove_prefix"]:
+                remote_path = remote_path[len(prefix) :].lstrip("/")
+                remote_path = f"{target.path.rstrip('/')}/{remote_path}"
+
+            content_length = environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH")
+            chunked = False
+
+            if content_length not in ("", None):
+                headers.append(("Content-Length", content_length))  # type: ignore
+            elif content_length is not None:
+                headers.append(("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"))
+                chunked = True
+
+            try:
+                if target.scheme == "http":
+                    con = client.HTTPConnection(
+                        host, target.port or 80, timeout=self.timeout
+                    )
+                elif target.scheme == "https":
+                    con = client.HTTPSConnection(
+                        host,
+                        target.port or 443,
+                        timeout=self.timeout,
+                        context=opts["ssl_context"],
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "Target scheme must be 'http' or 'https', got"
+                        f" {target.scheme!r}."
+                    )
+
+                con.connect()
+                # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+                # as well as percent for things that are already quoted
+                remote_url = quote(remote_path, safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@%")
+                querystring = environ["QUERY_STRING"]
+
+                if querystring:
+                    remote_url = f"{remote_url}?{querystring}"
+
+                con.putrequest(environ["REQUEST_METHOD"], remote_url, skip_host=True)
+
+                for k, v in headers:
+                    if k.lower() == "connection":
+                        v = "close"
+
+                    con.putheader(k, v)
+
+                con.endheaders()
+                stream = get_input_stream(environ)
+
+                while True:
+                    data = stream.read(self.chunk_size)
+
+                    if not data:
+                        break
+
+                    if chunked:
+                        con.send(b"%x\r\n%s\r\n" % (len(data), data))
+                    else:
+                        con.send(data)
+
+                resp = con.getresponse()
+            except OSError:
+                from ..exceptions import BadGateway
+
+                return BadGateway()(environ, start_response)
+
+            start_response(
+                f"{resp.status} {resp.reason}",
+                [
+                    (k.title(), v)
+                    for k, v in resp.getheaders()
+                    if not is_hop_by_hop_header(k)
+                ],
+            )
+
+            def read() -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+                while True:
+                    try:
+                        data = resp.read(self.chunk_size)
+                    except OSError:
+                        break
+
+                    if not data:
+                        break
+
+                    yield data
+
+            return read()
+
+        return application
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        path = environ["PATH_INFO"]
+        app = self.app
+
+        for prefix, opts in self.targets.items():
+            if path.startswith(prefix):
+                app = self.proxy_to(opts, path, prefix)
+                break
+
+        return app(environ, start_response)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/lint.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/lint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3714271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/lint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+"""
+WSGI Protocol Linter
+====================
+
+This module provides a middleware that performs sanity checks on the
+behavior of the WSGI server and application. It checks that the
+:pep:`3333` WSGI spec is properly implemented. It also warns on some
+common HTTP errors such as non-empty responses for 304 status codes.
+
+.. autoclass:: LintMiddleware
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..http import is_entity_header
+from ..wsgi import FileWrapper
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class WSGIWarning(Warning):
+    """Warning class for WSGI warnings."""
+
+
+class HTTPWarning(Warning):
+    """Warning class for HTTP warnings."""
+
+
+def check_type(context: str, obj: object, need: type = str) -> None:
+    if type(obj) is not need:
+        warn(
+            f"{context!r} requires {need.__name__!r}, got {type(obj).__name__!r}.",
+            WSGIWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+
+
+class InputStream:
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def read(self, *args: t.Any) -> bytes:
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            warn(
+                "WSGI does not guarantee an EOF marker on the input stream, thus making"
+                " calls to 'wsgi.input.read()' unsafe. Conforming servers may never"
+                " return from this call.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        elif len(args) != 1:
+            warn(
+                "Too many parameters passed to 'wsgi.input.read()'.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        return self._stream.read(*args)
+
+    def readline(self, *args: t.Any) -> bytes:
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            warn(
+                "Calls to 'wsgi.input.readline()' without arguments are unsafe. Use"
+                " 'wsgi.input.read()' instead.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        elif len(args) == 1:
+            warn(
+                "'wsgi.input.readline()' was called with a size hint. WSGI does not"
+                " support this, although it's available on all major servers.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Too many arguments passed to 'wsgi.input.readline()'.")
+        return self._stream.readline(*args)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            return iter(self._stream)
+        except TypeError:
+            warn("'wsgi.input' is not iterable.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return iter(())
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        warn("The application closed the input stream!", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self._stream.close()
+
+
+class ErrorStream:
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[str]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def write(self, s: str) -> None:
+        check_type("wsgi.error.write()", s, str)
+        self._stream.write(s)
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.flush()
+
+    def writelines(self, seq: t.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        for line in seq:
+            self.write(line)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        warn("The application closed the error stream!", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self._stream.close()
+
+
+class GuardedWrite:
+    def __init__(self, write: t.Callable[[bytes], object], chunks: list[int]) -> None:
+        self._write = write
+        self._chunks = chunks
+
+    def __call__(self, s: bytes) -> None:
+        check_type("write()", s, bytes)
+        self._write(s)
+        self._chunks.append(len(s))
+
+
+class GuardedIterator:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterator: t.Iterable[bytes],
+        headers_set: tuple[int, Headers],
+        chunks: list[int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._iterator = iterator
+        self._next = iter(iterator).__next__
+        self.closed = False
+        self.headers_set = headers_set
+        self.chunks = chunks
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> GuardedIterator:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.closed:
+            warn("Iterated over closed 'app_iter'.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        rv = self._next()
+
+        if not self.headers_set:
+            warn(
+                "The application returned before it started the response.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        check_type("application iterator items", rv, bytes)
+        self.chunks.append(len(rv))
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self.closed = True
+
+        if hasattr(self._iterator, "close"):
+            self._iterator.close()
+
+        if self.headers_set:
+            status_code, headers = self.headers_set
+            bytes_sent = sum(self.chunks)
+            content_length = headers.get("content-length", type=int)
+
+            if status_code == 304:
+                for key, _value in headers:
+                    key = key.lower()
+                    if key not in ("expires", "content-location") and is_entity_header(
+                        key
+                    ):
+                        warn(
+                            f"Entity header {key!r} found in 304 response.",
+                            HTTPWarning,
+                            stacklevel=2,
+                        )
+                if bytes_sent:
+                    warn(
+                        "304 responses must not have a body.",
+                        HTTPWarning,
+                        stacklevel=2,
+                    )
+            elif 100 <= status_code < 200 or status_code == 204:
+                if content_length != 0:
+                    warn(
+                        f"{status_code} responses must have an empty content length.",
+                        HTTPWarning,
+                        stacklevel=2,
+                    )
+                if bytes_sent:
+                    warn(
+                        f"{status_code} responses must not have a body.",
+                        HTTPWarning,
+                        stacklevel=2,
+                    )
+            elif content_length is not None and content_length != bytes_sent:
+                warn(
+                    "Content-Length and the number of bytes sent to the"
+                    " client do not match.",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self.closed:
+            try:
+                warn(
+                    "Iterator was garbage collected before it was closed.",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+
+class LintMiddleware:
+    """Warns about common errors in the WSGI and HTTP behavior of the
+    server and wrapped application. Some of the issues it checks are:
+
+    -   invalid status codes
+    -   non-bytes sent to the WSGI server
+    -   strings returned from the WSGI application
+    -   non-empty conditional responses
+    -   unquoted etags
+    -   relative URLs in the Location header
+    -   unsafe calls to wsgi.input
+    -   unclosed iterators
+
+    Error information is emitted using the :mod:`warnings` module.
+
+    :param app: The WSGI application to wrap.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from werkzeug.middleware.lint import LintMiddleware
+        app = LintMiddleware(app)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: WSGIApplication) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    def check_environ(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> None:
+        if type(environ) is not dict:  # noqa: E721
+            warn(
+                "WSGI environment is not a standard Python dict.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        for key in (
+            "REQUEST_METHOD",
+            "SERVER_NAME",
+            "SERVER_PORT",
+            "wsgi.version",
+            "wsgi.input",
+            "wsgi.errors",
+            "wsgi.multithread",
+            "wsgi.multiprocess",
+            "wsgi.run_once",
+        ):
+            if key not in environ:
+                warn(
+                    f"Required environment key {key!r} not found",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+        if environ["wsgi.version"] != (1, 0):
+            warn("Environ is not a WSGI 1.0 environ.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
+        script_name = environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", "")
+        path_info = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
+
+        if script_name and script_name[0] != "/":
+            warn(
+                f"'SCRIPT_NAME' does not start with a slash: {script_name!r}",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+
+        if path_info and path_info[0] != "/":
+            warn(
+                f"'PATH_INFO' does not start with a slash: {path_info!r}",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+
+    def check_start_response(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+        exc_info: None | (tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]),
+    ) -> tuple[int, Headers]:
+        check_type("status", status, str)
+        status_code_str = status.split(None, 1)[0]
+
+        if len(status_code_str) != 3 or not status_code_str.isdecimal():
+            warn("Status code must be three digits.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
+        if len(status) < 4 or status[3] != " ":
+            warn(
+                f"Invalid value for status {status!r}. Valid status strings are three"
+                " digits, a space and a status explanation.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+
+        status_code = int(status_code_str)
+
+        if status_code < 100:
+            warn("Status code < 100 detected.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
+        if type(headers) is not list:  # noqa: E721
+            warn("Header list is not a list.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
+        for item in headers:
+            if type(item) is not tuple or len(item) != 2:
+                warn("Header items must be 2-item tuples.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+            name, value = item
+            if type(name) is not str or type(value) is not str:  # noqa: E721
+                warn(
+                    "Header keys and values must be strings.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3
+                )
+            if name.lower() == "status":
+                warn(
+                    "The status header is not supported due to"
+                    " conflicts with the CGI spec.",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        if exc_info is not None and not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):
+            warn("Invalid value for exc_info.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
+
+        headers_obj = Headers(headers)
+        self.check_headers(headers_obj)
+
+        return status_code, headers_obj
+
+    def check_headers(self, headers: Headers) -> None:
+        etag = headers.get("etag")
+
+        if etag is not None:
+            if etag.startswith(("W/", "w/")):
+                if etag.startswith("w/"):
+                    warn(
+                        "Weak etag indicator should be upper case.",
+                        HTTPWarning,
+                        stacklevel=4,
+                    )
+
+                etag = etag[2:]
+
+            if not (etag[:1] == etag[-1:] == '"'):
+                warn("Unquoted etag emitted.", HTTPWarning, stacklevel=4)
+
+        location = headers.get("location")
+
+        if location is not None:
+            if not urlparse(location).netloc:
+                warn(
+                    "Absolute URLs required for location header.",
+                    HTTPWarning,
+                    stacklevel=4,
+                )
+
+    def check_iterator(self, app_iter: t.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        if isinstance(app_iter, str):
+            warn(
+                "The application returned a string. The response will send one"
+                " character at a time to the client, which will kill performance."
+                " Return a list or iterable instead.",
+                WSGIWarning,
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        if len(args) != 2:
+            warn("A WSGI app takes two arguments.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            warn(
+                "A WSGI app does not take keyword arguments.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2
+            )
+
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment = args[0]
+        start_response: StartResponse = args[1]
+
+        self.check_environ(environ)
+        environ["wsgi.input"] = InputStream(environ["wsgi.input"])
+        environ["wsgi.errors"] = ErrorStream(environ["wsgi.errors"])
+
+        # Hook our own file wrapper in so that applications will always
+        # iterate to the end and we can check the content length.
+        environ["wsgi.file_wrapper"] = FileWrapper
+
+        headers_set: list[t.Any] = []
+        chunks: list[int] = []
+
+        def checking_start_response(
+            *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+        ) -> t.Callable[[bytes], None]:
+            if len(args) not in {2, 3}:
+                warn(
+                    f"Invalid number of arguments: {len(args)}, expected 2 or 3.",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+            if kwargs:
+                warn(
+                    "'start_response' does not take keyword arguments.",
+                    WSGIWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+            status: str = args[0]
+            headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = args[1]
+            exc_info: (
+                None | (tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType])
+            ) = args[2] if len(args) == 3 else None
+
+            headers_set[:] = self.check_start_response(status, headers, exc_info)
+            return GuardedWrite(start_response(status, headers, exc_info), chunks)
+
+        app_iter = self.app(environ, t.cast("StartResponse", checking_start_response))
+        self.check_iterator(app_iter)
+        return GuardedIterator(
+            app_iter, t.cast(tuple[int, Headers], headers_set), chunks
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/profiler.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/profiler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..112b877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/profiler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""
+Application Profiler
+====================
+
+This module provides a middleware that profiles each request with the
+:mod:`cProfile` module. This can help identify bottlenecks in your code
+that may be slowing down your application.
+
+.. autoclass:: ProfilerMiddleware
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os.path
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from pstats import Stats
+
+try:
+    from cProfile import Profile
+except ImportError:
+    from profile import Profile  # type: ignore
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class ProfilerMiddleware:
+    """Wrap a WSGI application and profile the execution of each
+    request. Responses are buffered so that timings are more exact.
+
+    If ``stream`` is given, :class:`pstats.Stats` are written to it
+    after each request. If ``profile_dir`` is given, :mod:`cProfile`
+    data files are saved to that directory, one file per request.
+
+    The filename can be customized by passing ``filename_format``. If
+    it is a string, it will be formatted using :meth:`str.format` with
+    the following fields available:
+
+    -   ``{method}`` - The request method; GET, POST, etc.
+    -   ``{path}`` - The request path or 'root' should one not exist.
+    -   ``{elapsed}`` - The elapsed time of the request in milliseconds.
+    -   ``{time}`` - The time of the request.
+
+    If it is a callable, it will be called with the WSGI ``environ`` and
+    be expected to return a filename string. The ``environ`` dictionary
+    will also have the ``"werkzeug.profiler"`` key populated with a
+    dictionary containing the following fields (more may be added in the
+    future):
+    -   ``{elapsed}`` - The elapsed time of the request in milliseconds.
+    -   ``{time}`` - The time of the request.
+
+    :param app: The WSGI application to wrap.
+    :param stream: Write stats to this stream. Disable with ``None``.
+    :param sort_by: A tuple of columns to sort stats by. See
+        :meth:`pstats.Stats.sort_stats`.
+    :param restrictions: A tuple of restrictions to filter stats by. See
+        :meth:`pstats.Stats.print_stats`.
+    :param profile_dir: Save profile data files to this directory.
+    :param filename_format: Format string for profile data file names,
+        or a callable returning a name. See explanation above.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from werkzeug.middleware.profiler import ProfilerMiddleware
+        app = ProfilerMiddleware(app)
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``"werkzeug.profiler"`` key to the ``filename_format(environ)``
+        parameter with the  ``elapsed`` and ``time`` fields.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        Stats are written even if ``profile_dir`` is given, and can be
+        disable by passing ``stream=None``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        Added ``filename_format``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        Added ``restrictions`` and ``profile_dir``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        stream: t.IO[str] | None = sys.stdout,
+        sort_by: t.Iterable[str] = ("time", "calls"),
+        restrictions: t.Iterable[str | int | float] = (),
+        profile_dir: str | None = None,
+        filename_format: str = "{method}.{path}.{elapsed:.0f}ms.{time:.0f}.prof",
+    ) -> None:
+        self._app = app
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._sort_by = sort_by
+        self._restrictions = restrictions
+        self._profile_dir = profile_dir
+        self._filename_format = filename_format
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        response_body: list[bytes] = []
+
+        def catching_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):  # type: ignore
+            start_response(status, headers, exc_info)
+            return response_body.append
+
+        def runapp() -> None:
+            app_iter = self._app(
+                environ, t.cast("StartResponse", catching_start_response)
+            )
+            response_body.extend(app_iter)
+
+            if hasattr(app_iter, "close"):
+                app_iter.close()
+
+        profile = Profile()
+        start = time.time()
+        profile.runcall(runapp)
+        body = b"".join(response_body)
+        elapsed = time.time() - start
+
+        if self._profile_dir is not None:
+            if callable(self._filename_format):
+                environ["werkzeug.profiler"] = {
+                    "elapsed": elapsed * 1000.0,
+                    "time": time.time(),
+                }
+                filename = self._filename_format(environ)
+            else:
+                filename = self._filename_format.format(
+                    method=environ["REQUEST_METHOD"],
+                    path=environ["PATH_INFO"].strip("/").replace("/", ".") or "root",
+                    elapsed=elapsed * 1000.0,
+                    time=time.time(),
+                )
+            filename = os.path.join(self._profile_dir, filename)
+            profile.dump_stats(filename)
+
+        if self._stream is not None:
+            stats = Stats(profile, stream=self._stream)
+            stats.sort_stats(*self._sort_by)
+            print("-" * 80, file=self._stream)
+            path_info = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
+            print(f"PATH: {path_info!r}", file=self._stream)
+            stats.print_stats(*self._restrictions)
+            print(f"{'-' * 80}\n", file=self._stream)
+
+        return [body]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf4e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"""
+X-Forwarded-For Proxy Fix
+=========================
+
+This module provides a middleware that adjusts the WSGI environ based on
+``X-Forwarded-`` headers that proxies in front of an application may
+set.
+
+When an application is running behind a proxy server, WSGI may see the
+request as coming from that server rather than the real client. Proxies
+set various headers to track where the request actually came from.
+
+This middleware should only be used if the application is actually
+behind such a proxy, and should be configured with the number of proxies
+that are chained in front of it. Not all proxies set all the headers.
+Since incoming headers can be faked, you must set how many proxies are
+setting each header so the middleware knows what to trust.
+
+.. autoclass:: ProxyFix
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+
+from ..http import parse_list_header
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class ProxyFix:
+    """Adjust the WSGI environ based on ``X-Forwarded-`` that proxies in
+    front of the application may set.
+
+    -   ``X-Forwarded-For`` sets ``REMOTE_ADDR``.
+    -   ``X-Forwarded-Proto`` sets ``wsgi.url_scheme``.
+    -   ``X-Forwarded-Host`` sets ``HTTP_HOST``, ``SERVER_NAME``, and
+        ``SERVER_PORT``.
+    -   ``X-Forwarded-Port`` sets ``HTTP_HOST`` and ``SERVER_PORT``.
+    -   ``X-Forwarded-Prefix`` sets ``SCRIPT_NAME``.
+
+    You must tell the middleware how many proxies set each header so it
+    knows what values to trust. It is a security issue to trust values
+    that came from the client rather than a proxy.
+
+    The original values of the headers are stored in the WSGI
+    environ as ``werkzeug.proxy_fix.orig``, a dict.
+
+    :param app: The WSGI application to wrap.
+    :param x_for: Number of values to trust for ``X-Forwarded-For``.
+    :param x_proto: Number of values to trust for ``X-Forwarded-Proto``.
+    :param x_host: Number of values to trust for ``X-Forwarded-Host``.
+    :param x_port: Number of values to trust for ``X-Forwarded-Port``.
+    :param x_prefix: Number of values to trust for
+        ``X-Forwarded-Prefix``.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from werkzeug.middleware.proxy_fix import ProxyFix
+        # App is behind one proxy that sets the -For and -Host headers.
+        app = ProxyFix(app, x_for=1, x_host=1)
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        The ``num_proxies`` argument and attribute; the ``get_remote_addr`` method; and
+        the environ keys ``orig_remote_addr``, ``orig_wsgi_url_scheme``, and
+        ``orig_http_host`` were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        All headers support multiple values. Each header is configured with a separate
+        number of trusted proxies.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        Original WSGI environ values are stored in the ``werkzeug.proxy_fix.orig`` dict.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        Support ``X-Forwarded-Port`` and ``X-Forwarded-Prefix``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        ``X-Forwarded-Host`` and ``X-Forwarded-Port`` modify
+        ``SERVER_NAME`` and ``SERVER_PORT``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        x_for: int = 1,
+        x_proto: int = 1,
+        x_host: int = 0,
+        x_port: int = 0,
+        x_prefix: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.x_for = x_for
+        self.x_proto = x_proto
+        self.x_host = x_host
+        self.x_port = x_port
+        self.x_prefix = x_prefix
+
+    def _get_real_value(self, trusted: int, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+        """Get the real value from a list header based on the configured
+        number of trusted proxies.
+
+        :param trusted: Number of values to trust in the header.
+        :param value: Comma separated list header value to parse.
+        :return: The real value, or ``None`` if there are fewer values
+            than the number of trusted proxies.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            Renamed from ``_get_trusted_comma``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        """
+        if not (trusted and value):
+            return None
+        values = parse_list_header(value)
+        if len(values) >= trusted:
+            return values[-trusted]
+        return None
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """Modify the WSGI environ based on the various ``Forwarded``
+        headers before calling the wrapped application. Store the
+        original environ values in ``werkzeug.proxy_fix.orig_{key}``.
+        """
+        environ_get = environ.get
+        orig_remote_addr = environ_get("REMOTE_ADDR")
+        orig_wsgi_url_scheme = environ_get("wsgi.url_scheme")
+        orig_http_host = environ_get("HTTP_HOST")
+        environ.update(
+            {
+                "werkzeug.proxy_fix.orig": {
+                    "REMOTE_ADDR": orig_remote_addr,
+                    "wsgi.url_scheme": orig_wsgi_url_scheme,
+                    "HTTP_HOST": orig_http_host,
+                    "SERVER_NAME": environ_get("SERVER_NAME"),
+                    "SERVER_PORT": environ_get("SERVER_PORT"),
+                    "SCRIPT_NAME": environ_get("SCRIPT_NAME"),
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        x_for = self._get_real_value(self.x_for, environ_get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))
+        if x_for:
+            environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = x_for
+
+        x_proto = self._get_real_value(
+            self.x_proto, environ_get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO")
+        )
+        if x_proto:
+            environ["wsgi.url_scheme"] = x_proto
+
+        x_host = self._get_real_value(self.x_host, environ_get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST"))
+        if x_host:
+            environ["HTTP_HOST"] = environ["SERVER_NAME"] = x_host
+            # "]" to check for IPv6 address without port
+            if ":" in x_host and not x_host.endswith("]"):
+                environ["SERVER_NAME"], environ["SERVER_PORT"] = x_host.rsplit(":", 1)
+
+        x_port = self._get_real_value(self.x_port, environ_get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT"))
+        if x_port:
+            host = environ.get("HTTP_HOST")
+            if host:
+                # "]" to check for IPv6 address without port
+                if ":" in host and not host.endswith("]"):
+                    host = host.rsplit(":", 1)[0]
+                environ["HTTP_HOST"] = f"{host}:{x_port}"
+            environ["SERVER_PORT"] = x_port
+
+        x_prefix = self._get_real_value(
+            self.x_prefix, environ_get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PREFIX")
+        )
+        if x_prefix:
+            environ["SCRIPT_NAME"] = x_prefix
+
+        return self.app(environ, start_response)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/shared_data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/shared_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7c06df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/middleware/shared_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+"""
+Serve Shared Static Files
+=========================
+
+.. autoclass:: SharedDataMiddleware
+    :members: is_allowed
+
+:copyright: 2007 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import importlib.util
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import posixpath
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timezone
+from io import BytesIO
+from time import time
+from zlib import adler32
+
+from ..http import http_date
+from ..http import is_resource_modified
+from ..security import safe_join
+from ..utils import get_content_type
+from ..wsgi import get_path_info
+from ..wsgi import wrap_file
+
+_TOpener = t.Callable[[], tuple[t.IO[bytes], datetime, int]]
+_TLoader = t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], tuple[t.Optional[str], t.Optional[_TOpener]]]
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class SharedDataMiddleware:
+    """A WSGI middleware which provides static content for development
+    environments or simple server setups. Its usage is quite simple::
+
+        import os
+        from werkzeug.middleware.shared_data import SharedDataMiddleware
+
+        app = SharedDataMiddleware(app, {
+            '/shared': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'shared')
+        })
+
+    The contents of the folder ``./shared`` will now be available on
+    ``http://example.com/shared/``.  This is pretty useful during development
+    because a standalone media server is not required. Files can also be
+    mounted on the root folder and still continue to use the application because
+    the shared data middleware forwards all unhandled requests to the
+    application, even if the requests are below one of the shared folders.
+
+    If `pkg_resources` is available you can also tell the middleware to serve
+    files from package data::
+
+        app = SharedDataMiddleware(app, {
+            '/static': ('myapplication', 'static')
+        })
+
+    This will then serve the ``static`` folder in the `myapplication`
+    Python package.
+
+    The optional `disallow` parameter can be a list of :func:`~fnmatch.fnmatch`
+    rules for files that are not accessible from the web.  If `cache` is set to
+    `False` no caching headers are sent.
+
+    Currently the middleware does not support non-ASCII filenames. If the
+    encoding on the file system happens to match the encoding of the URI it may
+    work but this could also be by accident. We strongly suggest using ASCII
+    only file names for static files.
+
+    The middleware will guess the mimetype using the Python `mimetype`
+    module.  If it's unable to figure out the charset it will fall back
+    to `fallback_mimetype`.
+
+    :param app: the application to wrap.  If you don't want to wrap an
+                application you can pass it :exc:`NotFound`.
+    :param exports: a list or dict of exported files and folders.
+    :param disallow: a list of :func:`~fnmatch.fnmatch` rules.
+    :param cache: enable or disable caching headers.
+    :param cache_timeout: the cache timeout in seconds for the headers.
+    :param fallback_mimetype: The fallback mimetype for unknown files.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        The default ``fallback_mimetype`` is
+        ``application/octet-stream``. If a filename looks like a text
+        mimetype, the ``utf-8`` charset is added to it.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        Added ``fallback_mimetype``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        Added ``cache_timeout``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        exports: (
+            cabc.Mapping[str, str | tuple[str, str]]
+            | t.Iterable[tuple[str, str | tuple[str, str]]]
+        ),
+        disallow: None = None,
+        cache: bool = True,
+        cache_timeout: int = 60 * 60 * 12,
+        fallback_mimetype: str = "application/octet-stream",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.exports: list[tuple[str, _TLoader]] = []
+        self.cache = cache
+        self.cache_timeout = cache_timeout
+
+        if isinstance(exports, cabc.Mapping):
+            exports = exports.items()
+
+        for key, value in exports:
+            if isinstance(value, tuple):
+                loader = self.get_package_loader(*value)
+            elif isinstance(value, str):
+                if os.path.isfile(value):
+                    loader = self.get_file_loader(value)
+                else:
+                    loader = self.get_directory_loader(value)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"unknown def {value!r}")
+
+            self.exports.append((key, loader))
+
+        if disallow is not None:
+            from fnmatch import fnmatch
+
+            self.is_allowed = lambda x: not fnmatch(x, disallow)
+
+        self.fallback_mimetype = fallback_mimetype
+
+    def is_allowed(self, filename: str) -> bool:
+        """Subclasses can override this method to disallow the access to
+        certain files.  However by providing `disallow` in the constructor
+        this method is overwritten.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def _opener(self, filename: str) -> _TOpener:
+        return lambda: (
+            open(filename, "rb"),
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(filename), tz=timezone.utc),
+            int(os.path.getsize(filename)),
+        )
+
+    def get_file_loader(self, filename: str) -> _TLoader:
+        return lambda x: (os.path.basename(filename), self._opener(filename))
+
+    def get_package_loader(self, package: str, package_path: str) -> _TLoader:
+        load_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package)
+        reader = spec.loader.get_resource_reader(package)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+        def loader(
+            path: str | None,
+        ) -> tuple[str | None, _TOpener | None]:
+            if path is None:
+                return None, None
+
+            path = safe_join(package_path, path)
+
+            if path is None:
+                return None, None
+
+            basename = posixpath.basename(path)
+
+            try:
+                resource = reader.open_resource(path)
+            except OSError:
+                return None, None
+
+            if isinstance(resource, BytesIO):
+                return (
+                    basename,
+                    lambda: (resource, load_time, len(resource.getvalue())),
+                )
+
+            return (
+                basename,
+                lambda: (
+                    resource,
+                    datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                        os.path.getmtime(resource.name), tz=timezone.utc
+                    ),
+                    os.path.getsize(resource.name),
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return loader
+
+    def get_directory_loader(self, directory: str) -> _TLoader:
+        def loader(
+            path: str | None,
+        ) -> tuple[str | None, _TOpener | None]:
+            if path is not None:
+                path = safe_join(directory, path)
+
+                if path is None:
+                    return None, None
+            else:
+                path = directory
+
+            if os.path.isfile(path):
+                return os.path.basename(path), self._opener(path)
+
+            return None, None
+
+        return loader
+
+    def generate_etag(self, mtime: datetime, file_size: int, real_filename: str) -> str:
+        fn_str = os.fsencode(real_filename)
+        timestamp = mtime.timestamp()
+        checksum = adler32(fn_str) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        return f"wzsdm-{timestamp}-{file_size}-{checksum}"
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        path = get_path_info(environ)
+        file_loader = None
+
+        for search_path, loader in self.exports:
+            if search_path == path:
+                real_filename, file_loader = loader(None)
+
+                if file_loader is not None:
+                    break
+
+            if not search_path.endswith("/"):
+                search_path += "/"
+
+            if path.startswith(search_path):
+                real_filename, file_loader = loader(path[len(search_path) :])
+
+                if file_loader is not None:
+                    break
+
+        if file_loader is None or not self.is_allowed(real_filename):  # type: ignore
+            return self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        guessed_type = mimetypes.guess_type(real_filename)  # type: ignore
+        mime_type = get_content_type(guessed_type[0] or self.fallback_mimetype, "utf-8")
+        f, mtime, file_size = file_loader()
+
+        headers = [("Date", http_date())]
+
+        if self.cache:
+            timeout = self.cache_timeout
+            etag = self.generate_etag(mtime, file_size, real_filename)  # type: ignore
+            headers += [
+                ("Etag", f'"{etag}"'),
+                ("Cache-Control", f"max-age={timeout}, public"),
+            ]
+
+            if not is_resource_modified(environ, etag, last_modified=mtime):
+                f.close()
+                start_response("304 Not Modified", headers)
+                return []
+
+            headers.append(("Expires", http_date(time() + timeout)))
+        else:
+            headers.append(("Cache-Control", "public"))
+
+        headers.extend(
+            (
+                ("Content-Type", mime_type),
+                ("Content-Length", str(file_size)),
+                ("Last-Modified", http_date(mtime)),
+            )
+        )
+        start_response("200 OK", headers)
+        return wrap_file(environ, f)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62adc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""When it comes to combining multiple controller or view functions
+(however you want to call them) you need a dispatcher. A simple way
+would be applying regular expression tests on the ``PATH_INFO`` and
+calling registered callback functions that return the value then.
+
+This module implements a much more powerful system than simple regular
+expression matching because it can also convert values in the URLs and
+build URLs.
+
+Here a simple example that creates a URL map for an application with
+two subdomains (www and kb) and some URL rules:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    m = Map([
+        # Static URLs
+        Rule('/', endpoint='static/index'),
+        Rule('/about', endpoint='static/about'),
+        Rule('/help', endpoint='static/help'),
+        # Knowledge Base
+        Subdomain('kb', [
+            Rule('/', endpoint='kb/index'),
+            Rule('/browse/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
+            Rule('/browse/<int:id>/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
+            Rule('/browse/<int:id>/<int:page>', endpoint='kb/browse')
+        ])
+    ], default_subdomain='www')
+
+If the application doesn't use subdomains it's perfectly fine to not set
+the default subdomain and not use the `Subdomain` rule factory. The
+endpoint in the rules can be anything, for example import paths or
+unique identifiers. The WSGI application can use those endpoints to get the
+handler for that URL.  It doesn't have to be a string at all but it's
+recommended.
+
+Now it's possible to create a URL adapter for one of the subdomains and
+build URLs:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c = m.bind('example.com')
+
+    c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42))
+    'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/'
+
+    c.build("kb/browse", dict())
+    'http://kb.example.com/browse/'
+
+    c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42, page=3))
+    'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/3'
+
+    c.build("static/about")
+    '/about'
+
+    c.build("static/index", force_external=True)
+    'http://www.example.com/'
+
+    c = m.bind('example.com', subdomain='kb')
+
+    c.build("static/about")
+    'http://www.example.com/about'
+
+The first argument to bind is the server name *without* the subdomain.
+Per default it will assume that the script is mounted on the root, but
+often that's not the case so you can provide the real mount point as
+second argument:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c = m.bind('example.com', '/applications/example')
+
+The third argument can be the subdomain, if not given the default
+subdomain is used.  For more details about binding have a look at the
+documentation of the `MapAdapter`.
+
+And here is how you can match URLs:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    c = m.bind('example.com')
+
+    c.match("/")
+    ('static/index', {})
+
+    c.match("/about")
+    ('static/about', {})
+
+    c = m.bind('example.com', '/', 'kb')
+
+    c.match("/")
+    ('kb/index', {})
+
+    c.match("/browse/42/23")
+    ('kb/browse', {'id': 42, 'page': 23})
+
+If matching fails you get a ``NotFound`` exception, if the rule thinks
+it's a good idea to redirect (for example because the URL was defined
+to have a slash at the end but the request was missing that slash) it
+will raise a ``RequestRedirect`` exception. Both are subclasses of
+``HTTPException`` so you can use those errors as responses in the
+application.
+
+If matching succeeded but the URL rule was incompatible to the given
+method (for example there were only rules for ``GET`` and ``HEAD`` but
+routing tried to match a ``POST`` request) a ``MethodNotAllowed``
+exception is raised.
+"""
+
+from .converters import AnyConverter as AnyConverter
+from .converters import BaseConverter as BaseConverter
+from .converters import FloatConverter as FloatConverter
+from .converters import IntegerConverter as IntegerConverter
+from .converters import PathConverter as PathConverter
+from .converters import UnicodeConverter as UnicodeConverter
+from .converters import UUIDConverter as UUIDConverter
+from .converters import ValidationError as ValidationError
+from .exceptions import BuildError as BuildError
+from .exceptions import NoMatch as NoMatch
+from .exceptions import RequestAliasRedirect as RequestAliasRedirect
+from .exceptions import RequestPath as RequestPath
+from .exceptions import RequestRedirect as RequestRedirect
+from .exceptions import RoutingException as RoutingException
+from .exceptions import WebsocketMismatch as WebsocketMismatch
+from .map import Map as Map
+from .map import MapAdapter as MapAdapter
+from .matcher import StateMachineMatcher as StateMachineMatcher
+from .rules import EndpointPrefix as EndpointPrefix
+from .rules import parse_converter_args as parse_converter_args
+from .rules import Rule as Rule
+from .rules import RuleFactory as RuleFactory
+from .rules import RuleTemplate as RuleTemplate
+from .rules import RuleTemplateFactory as RuleTemplateFactory
+from .rules import Subdomain as Subdomain
+from .rules import Submount as Submount
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/converters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/converters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6016a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/converters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .map import Map
+
+
+class ValidationError(ValueError):
+    """Validation error.  If a rule converter raises this exception the rule
+    does not match the current URL and the next URL is tried.
+    """
+
+
+class BaseConverter:
+    """Base class for all converters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        ``part_isolating`` defaults to ``False`` if ``regex`` contains a ``/``.
+    """
+
+    regex = "[^/]+"
+    weight = 100
+    part_isolating = True
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+        # If the converter isn't inheriting its regex, disable part_isolating by default
+        # if the regex contains a / character.
+        if "regex" in cls.__dict__ and "part_isolating" not in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.part_isolating = "/" not in cls.regex
+
+    def __init__(self, map: Map, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.map = map
+
+    def to_python(self, value: str) -> t.Any:
+        return value
+
+    def to_url(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
+        # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+        return quote(str(value), safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@")
+
+
+class UnicodeConverter(BaseConverter):
+    """This converter is the default converter and accepts any string but
+    only one path segment.  Thus the string can not include a slash.
+
+    This is the default validator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        Rule('/pages/<page>'),
+        Rule('/<string(length=2):lang_code>')
+
+    :param map: the :class:`Map`.
+    :param minlength: the minimum length of the string.  Must be greater
+                      or equal 1.
+    :param maxlength: the maximum length of the string.
+    :param length: the exact length of the string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        map: Map,
+        minlength: int = 1,
+        maxlength: int | None = None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(map)
+        if length is not None:
+            length_regex = f"{{{int(length)}}}"
+        else:
+            if maxlength is None:
+                maxlength_value = ""
+            else:
+                maxlength_value = str(int(maxlength))
+            length_regex = f"{{{int(minlength)},{maxlength_value}}}"
+        self.regex = f"[^/]{length_regex}"
+
+
+class AnyConverter(BaseConverter):
+    """Matches one of the items provided.  Items can either be Python
+    identifiers or strings::
+
+        Rule('/<any(about, help, imprint, class, "foo,bar"):page_name>')
+
+    :param map: the :class:`Map`.
+    :param items: this function accepts the possible items as positional
+                  arguments.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Value is validated when building a URL.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, map: Map, *items: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(map)
+        self.items = set(items)
+        self.regex = f"(?:{'|'.join([re.escape(x) for x in items])})"
+
+    def to_url(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
+        if value in self.items:
+            return str(value)
+
+        valid_values = ", ".join(f"'{item}'" for item in sorted(self.items))
+        raise ValueError(f"'{value}' is not one of {valid_values}")
+
+
+class PathConverter(BaseConverter):
+    """Like the default :class:`UnicodeConverter`, but it also matches
+    slashes.  This is useful for wikis and similar applications::
+
+        Rule('/<path:wikipage>')
+        Rule('/<path:wikipage>/edit')
+
+    :param map: the :class:`Map`.
+    """
+
+    part_isolating = False
+    regex = "[^/].*?"
+    weight = 200
+
+
+class NumberConverter(BaseConverter):
+    """Baseclass for `IntegerConverter` and `FloatConverter`.
+
+    :internal:
+    """
+
+    weight = 50
+    num_convert: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any] = int
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        map: Map,
+        fixed_digits: int = 0,
+        min: int | None = None,
+        max: int | None = None,
+        signed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if signed:
+            self.regex = self.signed_regex
+        super().__init__(map)
+        self.fixed_digits = fixed_digits
+        self.min = min
+        self.max = max
+        self.signed = signed
+
+    def to_python(self, value: str) -> t.Any:
+        if self.fixed_digits and len(value) != self.fixed_digits:
+            raise ValidationError()
+        value_num = self.num_convert(value)
+        if (self.min is not None and value_num < self.min) or (
+            self.max is not None and value_num > self.max
+        ):
+            raise ValidationError()
+        return value_num
+
+    def to_url(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
+        value_str = str(self.num_convert(value))
+        if self.fixed_digits:
+            value_str = value_str.zfill(self.fixed_digits)
+        return value_str
+
+    @property
+    def signed_regex(self) -> str:
+        return f"-?{self.regex}"
+
+
+class IntegerConverter(NumberConverter):
+    """This converter only accepts integer values::
+
+        Rule("/page/<int:page>")
+
+    By default it only accepts unsigned, positive values. The ``signed``
+    parameter will enable signed, negative values. ::
+
+        Rule("/page/<int(signed=True):page>")
+
+    :param map: The :class:`Map`.
+    :param fixed_digits: The number of fixed digits in the URL. If you
+        set this to ``4`` for example, the rule will only match if the
+        URL looks like ``/0001/``. The default is variable length.
+    :param min: The minimal value.
+    :param max: The maximal value.
+    :param signed: Allow signed (negative) values.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        The ``signed`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    regex = r"\d+"
+
+
+class FloatConverter(NumberConverter):
+    """This converter only accepts floating point values::
+
+        Rule("/probability/<float:probability>")
+
+    By default it only accepts unsigned, positive values. The ``signed``
+    parameter will enable signed, negative values. ::
+
+        Rule("/offset/<float(signed=True):offset>")
+
+    :param map: The :class:`Map`.
+    :param min: The minimal value.
+    :param max: The maximal value.
+    :param signed: Allow signed (negative) values.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        The ``signed`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    regex = r"\d+\.\d+"
+    num_convert = float
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        map: Map,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        signed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(map, min=min, max=max, signed=signed)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class UUIDConverter(BaseConverter):
+    """This converter only accepts UUID strings::
+
+        Rule('/object/<uuid:identifier>')
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    :param map: the :class:`Map`.
+    """
+
+    regex = (
+        r"[A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-"
+        r"[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}"
+    )
+
+    def to_python(self, value: str) -> uuid.UUID:
+        return uuid.UUID(value)
+
+    def to_url(self, value: uuid.UUID) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+
+#: the default converter mapping for the map.
+DEFAULT_CONVERTERS: t.Mapping[str, type[BaseConverter]] = {
+    "default": UnicodeConverter,
+    "string": UnicodeConverter,
+    "any": AnyConverter,
+    "path": PathConverter,
+    "int": IntegerConverter,
+    "float": FloatConverter,
+    "uuid": UUIDConverter,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeabd4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import difflib
+import typing as t
+
+from ..exceptions import BadRequest
+from ..exceptions import HTTPException
+from ..utils import cached_property
+from ..utils import redirect
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from ..wrappers.request import Request
+    from ..wrappers.response import Response
+    from .map import MapAdapter
+    from .rules import Rule
+
+
+class RoutingException(Exception):
+    """Special exceptions that require the application to redirect, notifying
+    about missing urls, etc.
+
+    :internal:
+    """
+
+
+class RequestRedirect(HTTPException, RoutingException):
+    """Raise if the map requests a redirect. This is for example the case if
+    `strict_slashes` are activated and an url that requires a trailing slash.
+
+    The attribute `new_url` contains the absolute destination url.
+    """
+
+    code = 308
+
+    def __init__(self, new_url: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(new_url)
+        self.new_url = new_url
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | Request | None = None,
+        scope: dict[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        return redirect(self.new_url, self.code)
+
+
+class RequestPath(RoutingException):
+    """Internal exception."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("path_info",)
+
+    def __init__(self, path_info: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.path_info = path_info
+
+
+class RequestAliasRedirect(RoutingException):  # noqa: B903
+    """This rule is an alias and wants to redirect to the canonical URL."""
+
+    def __init__(self, matched_values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], endpoint: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.matched_values = matched_values
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+
+
+class BuildError(RoutingException, LookupError):
+    """Raised if the build system cannot find a URL for an endpoint with the
+    values provided.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        endpoint: t.Any,
+        values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+        method: str | None,
+        adapter: MapAdapter | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(endpoint, values, method)
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.values = values
+        self.method = method
+        self.adapter = adapter
+
+    @cached_property
+    def suggested(self) -> Rule | None:
+        return self.closest_rule(self.adapter)
+
+    def closest_rule(self, adapter: MapAdapter | None) -> Rule | None:
+        def _score_rule(rule: Rule) -> float:
+            return sum(
+                [
+                    0.98
+                    * difflib.SequenceMatcher(
+                        # endpoints can be any type, compare as strings
+                        None,
+                        str(rule.endpoint),
+                        str(self.endpoint),
+                    ).ratio(),
+                    0.01 * bool(set(self.values or ()).issubset(rule.arguments)),
+                    0.01 * bool(rule.methods and self.method in rule.methods),
+                ]
+            )
+
+        if adapter and adapter.map._rules:
+            return max(adapter.map._rules, key=_score_rule)
+
+        return None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        message = [f"Could not build url for endpoint {self.endpoint!r}"]
+        if self.method:
+            message.append(f" ({self.method!r})")
+        if self.values:
+            message.append(f" with values {sorted(self.values)!r}")
+        message.append(".")
+        if self.suggested:
+            if self.endpoint == self.suggested.endpoint:
+                if (
+                    self.method
+                    and self.suggested.methods is not None
+                    and self.method not in self.suggested.methods
+                ):
+                    message.append(
+                        " Did you mean to use methods"
+                        f" {sorted(self.suggested.methods)!r}?"
+                    )
+                missing_values = self.suggested.arguments.union(
+                    set(self.suggested.defaults or ())
+                ) - set(self.values.keys())
+                if missing_values:
+                    message.append(
+                        f" Did you forget to specify values {sorted(missing_values)!r}?"
+                    )
+            else:
+                message.append(f" Did you mean {self.suggested.endpoint!r} instead?")
+        return "".join(message)
+
+
+class WebsocketMismatch(BadRequest):
+    """The only matched rule is either a WebSocket and the request is
+    HTTP, or the rule is HTTP and the request is a WebSocket.
+    """
+
+
+class NoMatch(Exception):
+    __slots__ = ("have_match_for", "websocket_mismatch")
+
+    def __init__(self, have_match_for: set[str], websocket_mismatch: bool) -> None:
+        self.have_match_for = have_match_for
+        self.websocket_mismatch = websocket_mismatch
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/map.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/map.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d15e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/map.py
@@ -0,0 +1,951 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+import warnings
+from pprint import pformat
+from threading import Lock
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
+from urllib.parse import urlunsplit
+
+from .._internal import _get_environ
+from .._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
+from ..datastructures import ImmutableDict
+from ..datastructures import MultiDict
+from ..exceptions import BadHost
+from ..exceptions import HTTPException
+from ..exceptions import MethodNotAllowed
+from ..exceptions import NotFound
+from ..urls import _urlencode
+from ..wsgi import get_host
+from .converters import DEFAULT_CONVERTERS
+from .exceptions import BuildError
+from .exceptions import NoMatch
+from .exceptions import RequestAliasRedirect
+from .exceptions import RequestPath
+from .exceptions import RequestRedirect
+from .exceptions import WebsocketMismatch
+from .matcher import StateMachineMatcher
+from .rules import _simple_rule_re
+from .rules import Rule
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from ..wrappers.request import Request
+    from .converters import BaseConverter
+    from .rules import RuleFactory
+
+
+class Map:
+    """The map class stores all the URL rules and some configuration
+    parameters.  Some of the configuration values are only stored on the
+    `Map` instance since those affect all rules, others are just defaults
+    and can be overridden for each rule.  Note that you have to specify all
+    arguments besides the `rules` as keyword arguments!
+
+    :param rules: sequence of url rules for this map.
+    :param default_subdomain: The default subdomain for rules without a
+                              subdomain defined.
+    :param strict_slashes: If a rule ends with a slash but the matched
+        URL does not, redirect to the URL with a trailing slash.
+    :param merge_slashes: Merge consecutive slashes when matching or
+        building URLs. Matches will redirect to the normalized URL.
+        Slashes in variable parts are not merged.
+    :param redirect_defaults: This will redirect to the default rule if it
+                              wasn't visited that way. This helps creating
+                              unique URLs.
+    :param converters: A dict of converters that adds additional converters
+                       to the list of converters. If you redefine one
+                       converter this will override the original one.
+    :param sort_parameters: If set to `True` the url parameters are sorted.
+                            See `url_encode` for more details.
+    :param sort_key: The sort key function for `url_encode`.
+    :param host_matching: if set to `True` it enables the host matching
+                          feature and disables the subdomain one.  If
+                          enabled the `host` parameter to rules is used
+                          instead of the `subdomain` one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` and ``encoding_errors`` parameters were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        If ``url_scheme`` is ``ws`` or ``wss``, only WebSocket rules will match.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+        The ``merge_slashes`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+        The ``encoding_errors`` and ``host_matching`` parameters were added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        The ``sort_parameters`` and ``sort_key``  paramters were added.
+    """
+
+    #: A dict of default converters to be used.
+    default_converters = ImmutableDict(DEFAULT_CONVERTERS)
+
+    #: The type of lock to use when updating.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    lock_class = Lock
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rules: t.Iterable[RuleFactory] | None = None,
+        default_subdomain: str = "",
+        strict_slashes: bool = True,
+        merge_slashes: bool = True,
+        redirect_defaults: bool = True,
+        converters: t.Mapping[str, type[BaseConverter]] | None = None,
+        sort_parameters: bool = False,
+        sort_key: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any] | None = None,
+        host_matching: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._matcher = StateMachineMatcher(merge_slashes)
+        self._rules_by_endpoint: dict[t.Any, list[Rule]] = {}
+        self._remap = True
+        self._remap_lock = self.lock_class()
+
+        self.default_subdomain = default_subdomain
+        self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
+        self.redirect_defaults = redirect_defaults
+        self.host_matching = host_matching
+
+        self.converters = self.default_converters.copy()
+        if converters:
+            self.converters.update(converters)
+
+        self.sort_parameters = sort_parameters
+        self.sort_key = sort_key
+
+        for rulefactory in rules or ():
+            self.add(rulefactory)
+
+    @property
+    def merge_slashes(self) -> bool:
+        return self._matcher.merge_slashes
+
+    @merge_slashes.setter
+    def merge_slashes(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._matcher.merge_slashes = value
+
+    def is_endpoint_expecting(self, endpoint: t.Any, *arguments: str) -> bool:
+        """Iterate over all rules and check if the endpoint expects
+        the arguments provided.  This is for example useful if you have
+        some URLs that expect a language code and others that do not and
+        you want to wrap the builder a bit so that the current language
+        code is automatically added if not provided but endpoints expect
+        it.
+
+        :param endpoint: the endpoint to check.
+        :param arguments: this function accepts one or more arguments
+                          as positional arguments.  Each one of them is
+                          checked.
+        """
+        self.update()
+        arguments_set = set(arguments)
+        for rule in self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint]:
+            if arguments_set.issubset(rule.arguments):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _rules(self) -> list[Rule]:
+        return [rule for rules in self._rules_by_endpoint.values() for rule in rules]
+
+    def iter_rules(self, endpoint: t.Any | None = None) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        """Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint.
+
+        :param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint
+                         are returned.
+        :return: an iterator
+        """
+        self.update()
+        if endpoint is not None:
+            return iter(self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint])
+        return iter(self._rules)
+
+    def add(self, rulefactory: RuleFactory) -> None:
+        """Add a new rule or factory to the map and bind it.  Requires that the
+        rule is not bound to another map.
+
+        :param rulefactory: a :class:`Rule` or :class:`RuleFactory`
+        """
+        for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(self):
+            rule.bind(self)
+            if not rule.build_only:
+                self._matcher.add(rule)
+            self._rules_by_endpoint.setdefault(rule.endpoint, []).append(rule)
+        self._remap = True
+
+    def bind(
+        self,
+        server_name: str,
+        script_name: str | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str = "http",
+        default_method: str = "GET",
+        path_info: str | None = None,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> MapAdapter:
+        """Return a new :class:`MapAdapter` with the details specified to the
+        call.  Note that `script_name` will default to ``'/'`` if not further
+        specified or `None`.  The `server_name` at least is a requirement
+        because the HTTP RFC requires absolute URLs for redirects and so all
+        redirect exceptions raised by Werkzeug will contain the full canonical
+        URL.
+
+        If no path_info is passed to :meth:`match` it will use the default path
+        info passed to bind.  While this doesn't really make sense for
+        manual bind calls, it's useful if you bind a map to a WSGI
+        environment which already contains the path info.
+
+        `subdomain` will default to the `default_subdomain` for this map if
+        no defined. If there is no `default_subdomain` you cannot use the
+        subdomain feature.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0
+            If ``url_scheme`` is ``ws`` or ``wss``, only WebSocket rules
+            will match.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+            ``path_info`` defaults to ``'/'`` if ``None``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.8
+            ``query_args`` can be a string.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.7
+            Added ``query_args``.
+        """
+        server_name = server_name.lower()
+        if self.host_matching:
+            if subdomain is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError("host matching enabled and a subdomain was provided")
+        elif subdomain is None:
+            subdomain = self.default_subdomain
+        if script_name is None:
+            script_name = "/"
+        if path_info is None:
+            path_info = "/"
+
+        # Port isn't part of IDNA, and might push a name over the 63 octet limit.
+        server_name, port_sep, port = server_name.partition(":")
+
+        try:
+            server_name = server_name.encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeError as e:
+            raise BadHost() from e
+
+        return MapAdapter(
+            self,
+            f"{server_name}{port_sep}{port}",
+            script_name,
+            subdomain,
+            url_scheme,
+            path_info,
+            default_method,
+            query_args,
+        )
+
+    def bind_to_environ(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment | Request,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+    ) -> MapAdapter:
+        """Like :meth:`bind` but you can pass it an WSGI environment and it
+        will fetch the information from that dictionary.  Note that because of
+        limitations in the protocol there is no way to get the current
+        subdomain and real `server_name` from the environment.  If you don't
+        provide it, Werkzeug will use `SERVER_NAME` and `SERVER_PORT` (or
+        `HTTP_HOST` if provided) as used `server_name` with disabled subdomain
+        feature.
+
+        If `subdomain` is `None` but an environment and a server name is
+        provided it will calculate the current subdomain automatically.
+        Example: `server_name` is ``'example.com'`` and the `SERVER_NAME`
+        in the wsgi `environ` is ``'staging.dev.example.com'`` the calculated
+        subdomain will be ``'staging.dev'``.
+
+        If the object passed as environ has an environ attribute, the value of
+        this attribute is used instead.  This allows you to pass request
+        objects.  Additionally `PATH_INFO` added as a default of the
+        :class:`MapAdapter` so that you don't have to pass the path info to
+        the match method.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+            If the passed server name specifies port 443, it will match
+            if the incoming scheme is ``https`` without a port.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+            A warning is shown when the passed server name does not
+            match the incoming WSGI server name.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.8
+           This will no longer raise a ValueError when an unexpected server
+           name was passed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+            previously this method accepted a bogus `calculate_subdomain`
+            parameter that did not have any effect.  It was removed because
+            of that.
+
+        :param environ: a WSGI environment.
+        :param server_name: an optional server name hint (see above).
+        :param subdomain: optionally the current subdomain (see above).
+        """
+        env = _get_environ(environ)
+        wsgi_server_name = get_host(env).lower()
+        scheme = env["wsgi.url_scheme"]
+        upgrade = any(
+            v.strip() == "upgrade"
+            for v in env.get("HTTP_CONNECTION", "").lower().split(",")
+        )
+
+        if upgrade and env.get("HTTP_UPGRADE", "").lower() == "websocket":
+            scheme = "wss" if scheme == "https" else "ws"
+
+        if server_name is None:
+            server_name = wsgi_server_name
+        else:
+            server_name = server_name.lower()
+
+            # strip standard port to match get_host()
+            if scheme in {"http", "ws"} and server_name.endswith(":80"):
+                server_name = server_name[:-3]
+            elif scheme in {"https", "wss"} and server_name.endswith(":443"):
+                server_name = server_name[:-4]
+
+        if subdomain is None and not self.host_matching:
+            cur_server_name = wsgi_server_name.split(".")
+            real_server_name = server_name.split(".")
+            offset = -len(real_server_name)
+
+            if cur_server_name[offset:] != real_server_name:
+                # This can happen even with valid configs if the server was
+                # accessed directly by IP address under some situations.
+                # Instead of raising an exception like in Werkzeug 0.7 or
+                # earlier we go by an invalid subdomain which will result
+                # in a 404 error on matching.
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Current server name {wsgi_server_name!r} doesn't match configured"
+                    f" server name {server_name!r}",
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+                subdomain = "<invalid>"
+            else:
+                subdomain = ".".join(filter(None, cur_server_name[:offset]))
+
+        def _get_wsgi_string(name: str) -> str | None:
+            val = env.get(name)
+            if val is not None:
+                return _wsgi_decoding_dance(val)
+            return None
+
+        script_name = _get_wsgi_string("SCRIPT_NAME")
+        path_info = _get_wsgi_string("PATH_INFO")
+        query_args = _get_wsgi_string("QUERY_STRING")
+        return Map.bind(
+            self,
+            server_name,
+            script_name,
+            subdomain,
+            scheme,
+            env["REQUEST_METHOD"],
+            path_info,
+            query_args=query_args,
+        )
+
+    def update(self) -> None:
+        """Called before matching and building to keep the compiled rules
+        in the correct order after things changed.
+        """
+        if not self._remap:
+            return
+
+        with self._remap_lock:
+            if not self._remap:
+                return
+
+            self._matcher.update()
+            for rules in self._rules_by_endpoint.values():
+                rules.sort(key=lambda x: x.build_compare_key())
+            self._remap = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        rules = self.iter_rules()
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({pformat(list(rules))})"
+
+
+class MapAdapter:
+    """Returned by :meth:`Map.bind` or :meth:`Map.bind_to_environ` and does
+    the URL matching and building based on runtime information.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        map: Map,
+        server_name: str,
+        script_name: str,
+        subdomain: str | None,
+        url_scheme: str,
+        path_info: str,
+        default_method: str,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.map = map
+        self.server_name = server_name
+
+        if not script_name.endswith("/"):
+            script_name += "/"
+
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.subdomain = subdomain
+        self.url_scheme = url_scheme
+        self.path_info = path_info
+        self.default_method = default_method
+        self.query_args = query_args
+        self.websocket = self.url_scheme in {"ws", "wss"}
+
+    def dispatch(
+        self,
+        view_func: t.Callable[[str, t.Mapping[str, t.Any]], WSGIApplication],
+        path_info: str | None = None,
+        method: str | None = None,
+        catch_http_exceptions: bool = False,
+    ) -> WSGIApplication:
+        """Does the complete dispatching process.  `view_func` is called with
+        the endpoint and a dict with the values for the view.  It should
+        look up the view function, call it, and return a response object
+        or WSGI application.  http exceptions are not caught by default
+        so that applications can display nicer error messages by just
+        catching them by hand.  If you want to stick with the default
+        error messages you can pass it ``catch_http_exceptions=True`` and
+        it will catch the http exceptions.
+
+        Here a small example for the dispatch usage::
+
+            from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
+            from werkzeug.wsgi import responder
+            from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
+
+            def on_index(request):
+                return Response('Hello from the index')
+
+            url_map = Map([Rule('/', endpoint='index')])
+            views = {'index': on_index}
+
+            @responder
+            def application(environ, start_response):
+                request = Request(environ)
+                urls = url_map.bind_to_environ(environ)
+                return urls.dispatch(lambda e, v: views[e](request, **v),
+                                     catch_http_exceptions=True)
+
+        Keep in mind that this method might return exception objects, too, so
+        use :class:`Response.force_type` to get a response object.
+
+        :param view_func: a function that is called with the endpoint as
+                          first argument and the value dict as second.  Has
+                          to dispatch to the actual view function with this
+                          information.  (see above)
+        :param path_info: the path info to use for matching.  Overrides the
+                          path info specified on binding.
+        :param method: the HTTP method used for matching.  Overrides the
+                       method specified on binding.
+        :param catch_http_exceptions: set to `True` to catch any of the
+                                      werkzeug :class:`HTTPException`\\s.
+        """
+        try:
+            try:
+                endpoint, args = self.match(path_info, method)
+            except RequestRedirect as e:
+                return e
+            return view_func(endpoint, args)
+        except HTTPException as e:
+            if catch_http_exceptions:
+                return e
+            raise
+
+    @t.overload
+    def match(
+        self,
+        path_info: str | None = None,
+        method: str | None = None,
+        return_rule: t.Literal[False] = False,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+        websocket: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, t.Mapping[str, t.Any]]: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def match(
+        self,
+        path_info: str | None = None,
+        method: str | None = None,
+        return_rule: t.Literal[True] = True,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+        websocket: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[Rule, t.Mapping[str, t.Any]]: ...
+
+    def match(
+        self,
+        path_info: str | None = None,
+        method: str | None = None,
+        return_rule: bool = False,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+        websocket: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any | Rule, t.Mapping[str, t.Any]]:
+        """The usage is simple: you just pass the match method the current
+        path info as well as the method (which defaults to `GET`).  The
+        following things can then happen:
+
+        - you receive a `NotFound` exception that indicates that no URL is
+          matching.  A `NotFound` exception is also a WSGI application you
+          can call to get a default page not found page (happens to be the
+          same object as `werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound`)
+
+        - you receive a `MethodNotAllowed` exception that indicates that there
+          is a match for this URL but not for the current request method.
+          This is useful for RESTful applications.
+
+        - you receive a `RequestRedirect` exception with a `new_url`
+          attribute.  This exception is used to notify you about a request
+          Werkzeug requests from your WSGI application.  This is for example the
+          case if you request ``/foo`` although the correct URL is ``/foo/``
+          You can use the `RequestRedirect` instance as response-like object
+          similar to all other subclasses of `HTTPException`.
+
+        - you receive a ``WebsocketMismatch`` exception if the only
+          match is a WebSocket rule but the bind is an HTTP request, or
+          if the match is an HTTP rule but the bind is a WebSocket
+          request.
+
+        - you get a tuple in the form ``(endpoint, arguments)`` if there is
+          a match (unless `return_rule` is True, in which case you get a tuple
+          in the form ``(rule, arguments)``)
+
+        If the path info is not passed to the match method the default path
+        info of the map is used (defaults to the root URL if not defined
+        explicitly).
+
+        All of the exceptions raised are subclasses of `HTTPException` so they
+        can be used as WSGI responses. They will all render generic error or
+        redirect pages.
+
+        Here is a small example for matching:
+
+        >>> m = Map([
+        ...     Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+        ...     Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
+        ...     Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
+        ... ])
+        >>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
+        >>> urls.match("/", "GET")
+        ('index', {})
+        >>> urls.match("/downloads/42")
+        ('downloads/show', {'id': 42})
+
+        And here is what happens on redirect and missing URLs:
+
+        >>> urls.match("/downloads")
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          ...
+        RequestRedirect: http://example.com/downloads/
+        >>> urls.match("/missing")
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          ...
+        NotFound: 404 Not Found
+
+        :param path_info: the path info to use for matching.  Overrides the
+                          path info specified on binding.
+        :param method: the HTTP method used for matching.  Overrides the
+                       method specified on binding.
+        :param return_rule: return the rule that matched instead of just the
+                            endpoint (defaults to `False`).
+        :param query_args: optional query arguments that are used for
+                           automatic redirects as string or dictionary.  It's
+                           currently not possible to use the query arguments
+                           for URL matching.
+        :param websocket: Match WebSocket instead of HTTP requests. A
+            websocket request has a ``ws`` or ``wss``
+            :attr:`url_scheme`. This overrides that detection.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+            Added ``websocket``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.8
+            ``query_args`` can be a string.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+            Added ``query_args``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+            Added ``return_rule``.
+        """
+        self.map.update()
+        if path_info is None:
+            path_info = self.path_info
+        if query_args is None:
+            query_args = self.query_args or {}
+        method = (method or self.default_method).upper()
+
+        if websocket is None:
+            websocket = self.websocket
+
+        domain_part = self.server_name
+
+        if not self.map.host_matching and self.subdomain is not None:
+            domain_part = self.subdomain
+
+        path_part = f"/{path_info.lstrip('/')}" if path_info else ""
+
+        try:
+            result = self.map._matcher.match(domain_part, path_part, method, websocket)
+        except RequestPath as e:
+            # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+            new_path = quote(e.path_info, safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@")
+            raise RequestRedirect(
+                self.make_redirect_url(new_path, query_args)
+            ) from None
+        except RequestAliasRedirect as e:
+            raise RequestRedirect(
+                self.make_alias_redirect_url(
+                    f"{domain_part}|{path_part}",
+                    e.endpoint,
+                    e.matched_values,
+                    method,
+                    query_args,
+                )
+            ) from None
+        except NoMatch as e:
+            if e.have_match_for:
+                raise MethodNotAllowed(valid_methods=list(e.have_match_for)) from None
+
+            if e.websocket_mismatch:
+                raise WebsocketMismatch() from None
+
+            raise NotFound() from None
+        else:
+            rule, rv = result
+
+            if self.map.redirect_defaults:
+                redirect_url = self.get_default_redirect(rule, method, rv, query_args)
+                if redirect_url is not None:
+                    raise RequestRedirect(redirect_url)
+
+            if rule.redirect_to is not None:
+                if isinstance(rule.redirect_to, str):
+
+                    def _handle_match(match: t.Match[str]) -> str:
+                        value = rv[match.group(1)]
+                        return rule._converters[match.group(1)].to_url(value)
+
+                    redirect_url = _simple_rule_re.sub(_handle_match, rule.redirect_to)
+                else:
+                    redirect_url = rule.redirect_to(self, **rv)
+
+                if self.subdomain:
+                    netloc = f"{self.subdomain}.{self.server_name}"
+                else:
+                    netloc = self.server_name
+
+                raise RequestRedirect(
+                    urljoin(
+                        f"{self.url_scheme or 'http'}://{netloc}{self.script_name}",
+                        redirect_url,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            if return_rule:
+                return rule, rv
+            else:
+                return rule.endpoint, rv
+
+    def test(self, path_info: str | None = None, method: str | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Test if a rule would match.  Works like `match` but returns `True`
+        if the URL matches, or `False` if it does not exist.
+
+        :param path_info: the path info to use for matching.  Overrides the
+                          path info specified on binding.
+        :param method: the HTTP method used for matching.  Overrides the
+                       method specified on binding.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.match(path_info, method)
+        except RequestRedirect:
+            pass
+        except HTTPException:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def allowed_methods(self, path_info: str | None = None) -> t.Iterable[str]:
+        """Returns the valid methods that match for a given path.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        try:
+            self.match(path_info, method="--")
+        except MethodNotAllowed as e:
+            return e.valid_methods  # type: ignore
+        except HTTPException:
+            pass
+        return []
+
+    def get_host(self, domain_part: str | None) -> str:
+        """Figures out the full host name for the given domain part.  The
+        domain part is a subdomain in case host matching is disabled or
+        a full host name.
+        """
+        if self.map.host_matching:
+            if domain_part is None:
+                return self.server_name
+
+            return domain_part
+
+        if domain_part is None:
+            subdomain = self.subdomain
+        else:
+            subdomain = domain_part
+
+        if subdomain:
+            return f"{subdomain}.{self.server_name}"
+        else:
+            return self.server_name
+
+    def get_default_redirect(
+        self,
+        rule: Rule,
+        method: str,
+        values: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str,
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """A helper that returns the URL to redirect to if it finds one.
+        This is used for default redirecting only.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        assert self.map.redirect_defaults
+        for r in self.map._rules_by_endpoint[rule.endpoint]:
+            # every rule that comes after this one, including ourself
+            # has a lower priority for the defaults.  We order the ones
+            # with the highest priority up for building.
+            if r is rule:
+                break
+            if r.provides_defaults_for(rule) and r.suitable_for(values, method):
+                values.update(r.defaults)  # type: ignore
+                domain_part, path = r.build(values)  # type: ignore
+                return self.make_redirect_url(path, query_args, domain_part=domain_part)
+        return None
+
+    def encode_query_args(self, query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str) -> str:
+        if not isinstance(query_args, str):
+            return _urlencode(query_args)
+        return query_args
+
+    def make_redirect_url(
+        self,
+        path_info: str,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str | None = None,
+        domain_part: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Creates a redirect URL.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        if query_args is None:
+            query_args = self.query_args
+
+        if query_args:
+            query_str = self.encode_query_args(query_args)
+        else:
+            query_str = None
+
+        scheme = self.url_scheme or "http"
+        host = self.get_host(domain_part)
+        path = "/".join((self.script_name.strip("/"), path_info.lstrip("/")))
+        return urlunsplit((scheme, host, path, query_str, None))
+
+    def make_alias_redirect_url(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: t.Any,
+        values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+        method: str,
+        query_args: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | str,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Internally called to make an alias redirect URL."""
+        url = self.build(
+            endpoint, values, method, append_unknown=False, force_external=True
+        )
+        if query_args:
+            url += f"?{self.encode_query_args(query_args)}"
+        assert url != path, "detected invalid alias setting. No canonical URL found"
+        return url
+
+    def _partial_build(
+        self,
+        endpoint: t.Any,
+        values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+        method: str | None,
+        append_unknown: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[str, str, bool] | None:
+        """Helper for :meth:`build`.  Returns subdomain and path for the
+        rule that accepts this endpoint, values and method.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        # in case the method is none, try with the default method first
+        if method is None:
+            rv = self._partial_build(
+                endpoint, values, self.default_method, append_unknown
+            )
+            if rv is not None:
+                return rv
+
+        # Default method did not match or a specific method is passed.
+        # Check all for first match with matching host. If no matching
+        # host is found, go with first result.
+        first_match = None
+
+        for rule in self.map._rules_by_endpoint.get(endpoint, ()):
+            if rule.suitable_for(values, method):
+                build_rv = rule.build(values, append_unknown)
+
+                if build_rv is not None:
+                    rv = (build_rv[0], build_rv[1], rule.websocket)
+                    if self.map.host_matching:
+                        if rv[0] == self.server_name:
+                            return rv
+                        elif first_match is None:
+                            first_match = rv
+                    else:
+                        return rv
+
+        return first_match
+
+    def build(
+        self,
+        endpoint: t.Any,
+        values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        method: str | None = None,
+        force_external: bool = False,
+        append_unknown: bool = True,
+        url_scheme: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Building URLs works pretty much the other way round.  Instead of
+        `match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of
+        arguments for the placeholders.
+
+        The `build` function also accepts an argument called `force_external`
+        which, if you set it to `True` will force external URLs. Per default
+        external URLs (include the server name) will only be used if the
+        target URL is on a different subdomain.
+
+        >>> m = Map([
+        ...     Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+        ...     Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
+        ...     Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
+        ... ])
+        >>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
+        >>> urls.build("index", {})
+        '/'
+        >>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42})
+        '/downloads/42'
+        >>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42}, force_external=True)
+        'http://example.com/downloads/42'
+
+        Because URLs cannot contain non ASCII data you will always get
+        bytes back.  Non ASCII characters are urlencoded with the
+        charset defined on the map instance.
+
+        Additional values are converted to strings and appended to the URL as
+        URL querystring parameters:
+
+        >>> urls.build("index", {'q': 'My Searchstring'})
+        '/?q=My+Searchstring'
+
+        When processing those additional values, lists are furthermore
+        interpreted as multiple values (as per
+        :py:class:`werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict`):
+
+        >>> urls.build("index", {'q': ['a', 'b', 'c']})
+        '/?q=a&q=b&q=c'
+
+        Passing a ``MultiDict`` will also add multiple values:
+
+        >>> urls.build("index", MultiDict((('p', 'z'), ('q', 'a'), ('q', 'b'))))
+        '/?p=z&q=a&q=b'
+
+        If a rule does not exist when building a `BuildError` exception is
+        raised.
+
+        The build method accepts an argument called `method` which allows you
+        to specify the method you want to have an URL built for if you have
+        different methods for the same endpoint specified.
+
+        :param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL to build.
+        :param values: the values for the URL to build.  Unhandled values are
+                       appended to the URL as query parameters.
+        :param method: the HTTP method for the rule if there are different
+                       URLs for different methods on the same endpoint.
+        :param force_external: enforce full canonical external URLs. If the URL
+                               scheme is not provided, this will generate
+                               a protocol-relative URL.
+        :param append_unknown: unknown parameters are appended to the generated
+                               URL as query string argument.  Disable this
+                               if you want the builder to ignore those.
+        :param url_scheme: Scheme to use in place of the bound
+            :attr:`url_scheme`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Added the ``url_scheme`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+           Added the ``append_unknown`` parameter.
+        """
+        self.map.update()
+
+        if values:
+            if isinstance(values, MultiDict):
+                values = {
+                    k: (v[0] if len(v) == 1 else v)
+                    for k, v in dict.items(values)
+                    if len(v) != 0
+                }
+            else:  # plain dict
+                values = {k: v for k, v in values.items() if v is not None}
+        else:
+            values = {}
+
+        rv = self._partial_build(endpoint, values, method, append_unknown)
+        if rv is None:
+            raise BuildError(endpoint, values, method, self)
+
+        domain_part, path, websocket = rv
+        host = self.get_host(domain_part)
+
+        if url_scheme is None:
+            url_scheme = self.url_scheme
+
+        # Always build WebSocket routes with the scheme (browsers
+        # require full URLs). If bound to a WebSocket, ensure that HTTP
+        # routes are built with an HTTP scheme.
+        secure = url_scheme in {"https", "wss"}
+
+        if websocket:
+            force_external = True
+            url_scheme = "wss" if secure else "ws"
+        elif url_scheme:
+            url_scheme = "https" if secure else "http"
+
+        # shortcut this.
+        if not force_external and (
+            (self.map.host_matching and host == self.server_name)
+            or (not self.map.host_matching and domain_part == self.subdomain)
+        ):
+            return f"{self.script_name.rstrip('/')}/{path.lstrip('/')}"
+
+        scheme = f"{url_scheme}:" if url_scheme else ""
+        return f"{scheme}//{host}{self.script_name[:-1]}/{path.lstrip('/')}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/matcher.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/matcher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd00ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/matcher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import typing as t
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import field
+
+from .converters import ValidationError
+from .exceptions import NoMatch
+from .exceptions import RequestAliasRedirect
+from .exceptions import RequestPath
+from .rules import Rule
+from .rules import RulePart
+
+
+class SlashRequired(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class State:
+    """A representation of a rule state.
+
+    This includes the *rules* that correspond to the state and the
+    possible *static* and *dynamic* transitions to the next state.
+    """
+
+    dynamic: list[tuple[RulePart, State]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    rules: list[Rule] = field(default_factory=list)
+    static: dict[str, State] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+class StateMachineMatcher:
+    def __init__(self, merge_slashes: bool) -> None:
+        self._root = State()
+        self.merge_slashes = merge_slashes
+
+    def add(self, rule: Rule) -> None:
+        state = self._root
+        for part in rule._parts:
+            if part.static:
+                state.static.setdefault(part.content, State())
+                state = state.static[part.content]
+            else:
+                for test_part, new_state in state.dynamic:
+                    if test_part == part:
+                        state = new_state
+                        break
+                else:
+                    new_state = State()
+                    state.dynamic.append((part, new_state))
+                    state = new_state
+        state.rules.append(rule)
+
+    def update(self) -> None:
+        # For every state the dynamic transitions should be sorted by
+        # the weight of the transition
+        state = self._root
+
+        def _update_state(state: State) -> None:
+            state.dynamic.sort(key=lambda entry: entry[0].weight)
+            for new_state in state.static.values():
+                _update_state(new_state)
+            for _, new_state in state.dynamic:
+                _update_state(new_state)
+
+        _update_state(state)
+
+    def match(
+        self, domain: str, path: str, method: str, websocket: bool
+    ) -> tuple[Rule, t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]]:
+        # To match to a rule we need to start at the root state and
+        # try to follow the transitions until we find a match, or find
+        # there is no transition to follow.
+
+        have_match_for = set()
+        websocket_mismatch = False
+
+        def _match(
+            state: State, parts: list[str], values: list[str]
+        ) -> tuple[Rule, list[str]] | None:
+            # This function is meant to be called recursively, and will attempt
+            # to match the head part to the state's transitions.
+            nonlocal have_match_for, websocket_mismatch
+
+            # The base case is when all parts have been matched via
+            # transitions. Hence if there is a rule with methods &
+            # websocket that work return it and the dynamic values
+            # extracted.
+            if parts == []:
+                for rule in state.rules:
+                    if rule.methods is not None and method not in rule.methods:
+                        have_match_for.update(rule.methods)
+                    elif rule.websocket != websocket:
+                        websocket_mismatch = True
+                    else:
+                        return rule, values
+
+                # Test if there is a match with this path with a
+                # trailing slash, if so raise an exception to report
+                # that matching is possible with an additional slash
+                if "" in state.static:
+                    for rule in state.static[""].rules:
+                        if websocket == rule.websocket and (
+                            rule.methods is None or method in rule.methods
+                        ):
+                            if rule.strict_slashes:
+                                raise SlashRequired()
+                            else:
+                                return rule, values
+                return None
+
+            part = parts[0]
+            # To match this part try the static transitions first
+            if part in state.static:
+                rv = _match(state.static[part], parts[1:], values)
+                if rv is not None:
+                    return rv
+            # No match via the static transitions, so try the dynamic
+            # ones.
+            for test_part, new_state in state.dynamic:
+                target = part
+                remaining = parts[1:]
+                # A final part indicates a transition that always
+                # consumes the remaining parts i.e. transitions to a
+                # final state.
+                if test_part.final:
+                    target = "/".join(parts)
+                    remaining = []
+                match = re.compile(test_part.content).match(target)
+                if match is not None:
+                    if test_part.suffixed:
+                        # If a part_isolating=False part has a slash suffix, remove the
+                        # suffix from the match and check for the slash redirect next.
+                        suffix = match.groups()[-1]
+                        if suffix == "/":
+                            remaining = [""]
+
+                    converter_groups = sorted(
+                        match.groupdict().items(), key=lambda entry: entry[0]
+                    )
+                    groups = [
+                        value
+                        for key, value in converter_groups
+                        if key[:11] == "__werkzeug_"
+                    ]
+                    rv = _match(new_state, remaining, values + groups)
+                    if rv is not None:
+                        return rv
+
+            # If there is no match and the only part left is a
+            # trailing slash ("") consider rules that aren't
+            # strict-slashes as these should match if there is a final
+            # slash part.
+            if parts == [""]:
+                for rule in state.rules:
+                    if rule.strict_slashes:
+                        continue
+                    if rule.methods is not None and method not in rule.methods:
+                        have_match_for.update(rule.methods)
+                    elif rule.websocket != websocket:
+                        websocket_mismatch = True
+                    else:
+                        return rule, values
+
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            rv = _match(self._root, [domain, *path.split("/")], [])
+        except SlashRequired:
+            raise RequestPath(f"{path}/") from None
+
+        if self.merge_slashes and rv is None:
+            # Try to match again, but with slashes merged
+            path = re.sub("/{2,}?", "/", path)
+            try:
+                rv = _match(self._root, [domain, *path.split("/")], [])
+            except SlashRequired:
+                raise RequestPath(f"{path}/") from None
+            if rv is None or rv[0].merge_slashes is False:
+                raise NoMatch(have_match_for, websocket_mismatch)
+            else:
+                raise RequestPath(f"{path}")
+        elif rv is not None:
+            rule, values = rv
+
+            result = {}
+            for name, value in zip(rule._converters.keys(), values):
+                try:
+                    value = rule._converters[name].to_python(value)
+                except ValidationError:
+                    raise NoMatch(have_match_for, websocket_mismatch) from None
+                result[str(name)] = value
+            if rule.defaults:
+                result.update(rule.defaults)
+
+            if rule.alias and rule.map.redirect_defaults:
+                raise RequestAliasRedirect(result, rule.endpoint)
+
+            return rule, result
+
+        raise NoMatch(have_match_for, websocket_mismatch)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/rules.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/rules.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dad31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/routing/rules.py
@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import re
+import typing as t
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from string import Template
+from types import CodeType
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+from ..datastructures import iter_multi_items
+from ..urls import _urlencode
+from .converters import ValidationError
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .converters import BaseConverter
+    from .map import Map
+
+
+class Weighting(t.NamedTuple):
+    number_static_weights: int
+    static_weights: list[tuple[int, int]]
+    number_argument_weights: int
+    argument_weights: list[int]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RulePart:
+    """A part of a rule.
+
+    Rules can be represented by parts as delimited by `/` with
+    instances of this class representing those parts. The *content* is
+    either the raw content if *static* or a regex string to match
+    against. The *weight* can be used to order parts when matching.
+
+    """
+
+    content: str
+    final: bool
+    static: bool
+    suffixed: bool
+    weight: Weighting
+
+
+_part_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (?:
+        (?P<slash>/)                                 # a slash
+      |
+        (?P<static>[^</]+)                           # static rule data
+      |
+        (?:
+          <
+            (?:
+              (?P<converter>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)   # converter name
+              (?:\((?P<arguments>.*?)\))?             # converter arguments
+              :                                       # variable delimiter
+            )?
+            (?P<variable>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)      # variable name
+           >
+        )
+    )
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+_simple_rule_re = re.compile(r"<([^>]+)>")
+_converter_args_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    \s*
+    ((?P<name>\w+)\s*=\s*)?
+    (?P<value>
+        True|False|
+        \d+.\d+|
+        \d+.|
+        \d+|
+        [\w\d_.]+|
+        [urUR]?(?P<stringval>"[^"]*?"|'[^']*')
+    )\s*,
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+_PYTHON_CONSTANTS = {"None": None, "True": True, "False": False}
+
+
+def _find(value: str, target: str, pos: int) -> int:
+    """Find the *target* in *value* after *pos*.
+
+    Returns the *value* length if *target* isn't found.
+    """
+    try:
+        return value.index(target, pos)
+    except ValueError:
+        return len(value)
+
+
+def _pythonize(value: str) -> None | bool | int | float | str:
+    if value in _PYTHON_CONSTANTS:
+        return _PYTHON_CONSTANTS[value]
+    for convert in int, float:
+        try:
+            return convert(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+    if value[:1] == value[-1:] and value[0] in "\"'":
+        value = value[1:-1]
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def parse_converter_args(argstr: str) -> tuple[tuple[t.Any, ...], dict[str, t.Any]]:
+    argstr += ","
+    args = []
+    kwargs = {}
+    position = 0
+
+    for item in _converter_args_re.finditer(argstr):
+        if item.start() != position:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Cannot parse converter argument '{argstr[position:item.start()]}'"
+            )
+
+        value = item.group("stringval")
+        if value is None:
+            value = item.group("value")
+        value = _pythonize(value)
+        if not item.group("name"):
+            args.append(value)
+        else:
+            name = item.group("name")
+            kwargs[name] = value
+        position = item.end()
+
+    return tuple(args), kwargs
+
+
+class RuleFactory:
+    """As soon as you have more complex URL setups it's a good idea to use rule
+    factories to avoid repetitive tasks.  Some of them are builtin, others can
+    be added by subclassing `RuleFactory` and overriding `get_rules`.
+    """
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterable[Rule]:
+        """Subclasses of `RuleFactory` have to override this method and return
+        an iterable of rules."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class Subdomain(RuleFactory):
+    """All URLs provided by this factory have the subdomain set to a
+    specific domain. For example if you want to use the subdomain for
+    the current language this can be a good setup::
+
+        url_map = Map([
+            Rule('/', endpoint='#select_language'),
+            Subdomain('<string(length=2):lang_code>', [
+                Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+                Rule('/about', endpoint='about'),
+                Rule('/help', endpoint='help')
+            ])
+        ])
+
+    All the rules except for the ``'#select_language'`` endpoint will now
+    listen on a two letter long subdomain that holds the language code
+    for the current request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, subdomain: str, rules: t.Iterable[RuleFactory]) -> None:
+        self.subdomain = subdomain
+        self.rules = rules
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        for rulefactory in self.rules:
+            for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
+                rule = rule.empty()
+                rule.subdomain = self.subdomain
+                yield rule
+
+
+class Submount(RuleFactory):
+    """Like `Subdomain` but prefixes the URL rule with a given string::
+
+        url_map = Map([
+            Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+            Submount('/blog', [
+                Rule('/', endpoint='blog/index'),
+                Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='blog/show')
+            ])
+        ])
+
+    Now the rule ``'blog/show'`` matches ``/blog/entry/<entry_slug>``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str, rules: t.Iterable[RuleFactory]) -> None:
+        self.path = path.rstrip("/")
+        self.rules = rules
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        for rulefactory in self.rules:
+            for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
+                rule = rule.empty()
+                rule.rule = self.path + rule.rule
+                yield rule
+
+
+class EndpointPrefix(RuleFactory):
+    """Prefixes all endpoints (which must be strings for this factory) with
+    another string. This can be useful for sub applications::
+
+        url_map = Map([
+            Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+            EndpointPrefix('blog/', [Submount('/blog', [
+                Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
+                Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='show')
+            ])])
+        ])
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, prefix: str, rules: t.Iterable[RuleFactory]) -> None:
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.rules = rules
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        for rulefactory in self.rules:
+            for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
+                rule = rule.empty()
+                rule.endpoint = self.prefix + rule.endpoint
+                yield rule
+
+
+class RuleTemplate:
+    """Returns copies of the rules wrapped and expands string templates in
+    the endpoint, rule, defaults or subdomain sections.
+
+    Here a small example for such a rule template::
+
+        from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule, RuleTemplate
+
+        resource = RuleTemplate([
+            Rule('/$name/', endpoint='$name.list'),
+            Rule('/$name/<int:id>', endpoint='$name.show')
+        ])
+
+        url_map = Map([resource(name='user'), resource(name='page')])
+
+    When a rule template is called the keyword arguments are used to
+    replace the placeholders in all the string parameters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, rules: t.Iterable[Rule]) -> None:
+        self.rules = list(rules)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> RuleTemplateFactory:
+        return RuleTemplateFactory(self.rules, dict(*args, **kwargs))
+
+
+class RuleTemplateFactory(RuleFactory):
+    """A factory that fills in template variables into rules.  Used by
+    `RuleTemplate` internally.
+
+    :internal:
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, rules: t.Iterable[RuleFactory], context: dict[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        self.rules = rules
+        self.context = context
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        for rulefactory in self.rules:
+            for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
+                new_defaults = subdomain = None
+                if rule.defaults:
+                    new_defaults = {}
+                    for key, value in rule.defaults.items():
+                        if isinstance(value, str):
+                            value = Template(value).substitute(self.context)
+                        new_defaults[key] = value
+                if rule.subdomain is not None:
+                    subdomain = Template(rule.subdomain).substitute(self.context)
+                new_endpoint = rule.endpoint
+                if isinstance(new_endpoint, str):
+                    new_endpoint = Template(new_endpoint).substitute(self.context)
+                yield Rule(
+                    Template(rule.rule).substitute(self.context),
+                    new_defaults,
+                    subdomain,
+                    rule.methods,
+                    rule.build_only,
+                    new_endpoint,
+                    rule.strict_slashes,
+                )
+
+
+_ASTT = t.TypeVar("_ASTT", bound=ast.AST)
+
+
+def _prefix_names(src: str, expected_type: type[_ASTT]) -> _ASTT:
+    """ast parse and prefix names with `.` to avoid collision with user vars"""
+    tree: ast.AST = ast.parse(src).body[0]
+    if isinstance(tree, ast.Expr):
+        tree = tree.value
+    if not isinstance(tree, expected_type):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"AST node is of type {type(tree).__name__}, not {expected_type.__name__}"
+        )
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+            node.id = f".{node.id}"
+    return tree
+
+
+_CALL_CONVERTER_CODE_FMT = "self._converters[{elem!r}].to_url()"
+_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_CODE = """\
+if kwargs:
+    params = self._encode_query_vars(kwargs)
+    q = "?" if params else ""
+else:
+    q = params = ""
+"""
+_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_AST = _prefix_names(_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_CODE, ast.If)
+_URL_ENCODE_AST_NAMES = (
+    _prefix_names("q", ast.Name),
+    _prefix_names("params", ast.Name),
+)
+
+
+class Rule(RuleFactory):
+    """A Rule represents one URL pattern.  There are some options for `Rule`
+    that change the way it behaves and are passed to the `Rule` constructor.
+    Note that besides the rule-string all arguments *must* be keyword arguments
+    in order to not break the application on Werkzeug upgrades.
+
+    `string`
+        Rule strings basically are just normal URL paths with placeholders in
+        the format ``<converter(arguments):name>`` where the converter and the
+        arguments are optional.  If no converter is defined the `default`
+        converter is used which means `string` in the normal configuration.
+
+        URL rules that end with a slash are branch URLs, others are leaves.
+        If you have `strict_slashes` enabled (which is the default), all
+        branch URLs that are matched without a trailing slash will trigger a
+        redirect to the same URL with the missing slash appended.
+
+        The converters are defined on the `Map`.
+
+    `endpoint`
+        The endpoint for this rule. This can be anything. A reference to a
+        function, a string, a number etc.  The preferred way is using a string
+        because the endpoint is used for URL generation.
+
+    `defaults`
+        An optional dict with defaults for other rules with the same endpoint.
+        This is a bit tricky but useful if you want to have unique URLs::
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule('/all/', defaults={'page': 1}, endpoint='all_entries'),
+                Rule('/all/page/<int:page>', endpoint='all_entries')
+            ])
+
+        If a user now visits ``http://example.com/all/page/1`` they will be
+        redirected to ``http://example.com/all/``.  If `redirect_defaults` is
+        disabled on the `Map` instance this will only affect the URL
+        generation.
+
+    `subdomain`
+        The subdomain rule string for this rule. If not specified the rule
+        only matches for the `default_subdomain` of the map.  If the map is
+        not bound to a subdomain this feature is disabled.
+
+        Can be useful if you want to have user profiles on different subdomains
+        and all subdomains are forwarded to your application::
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule('/', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/homepage'),
+                Rule('/stats', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/stats')
+            ])
+
+    `methods`
+        A sequence of http methods this rule applies to.  If not specified, all
+        methods are allowed. For example this can be useful if you want different
+        endpoints for `POST` and `GET`.  If methods are defined and the path
+        matches but the method matched against is not in this list or in the
+        list of another rule for that path the error raised is of the type
+        `MethodNotAllowed` rather than `NotFound`.  If `GET` is present in the
+        list of methods and `HEAD` is not, `HEAD` is added automatically.
+
+    `strict_slashes`
+        Override the `Map` setting for `strict_slashes` only for this rule. If
+        not specified the `Map` setting is used.
+
+    `merge_slashes`
+        Override :attr:`Map.merge_slashes` for this rule.
+
+    `build_only`
+        Set this to True and the rule will never match but will create a URL
+        that can be build. This is useful if you have resources on a subdomain
+        or folder that are not handled by the WSGI application (like static data)
+
+    `redirect_to`
+        If given this must be either a string or callable.  In case of a
+        callable it's called with the url adapter that triggered the match and
+        the values of the URL as keyword arguments and has to return the target
+        for the redirect, otherwise it has to be a string with placeholders in
+        rule syntax::
+
+            def foo_with_slug(adapter, id):
+                # ask the database for the slug for the old id.  this of
+                # course has nothing to do with werkzeug.
+                return f'foo/{Foo.get_slug_for_id(id)}'
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule('/foo/<slug>', endpoint='foo'),
+                Rule('/some/old/url/<slug>', redirect_to='foo/<slug>'),
+                Rule('/other/old/url/<int:id>', redirect_to=foo_with_slug)
+            ])
+
+        When the rule is matched the routing system will raise a
+        `RequestRedirect` exception with the target for the redirect.
+
+        Keep in mind that the URL will be joined against the URL root of the
+        script so don't use a leading slash on the target URL unless you
+        really mean root of that domain.
+
+    `alias`
+        If enabled this rule serves as an alias for another rule with the same
+        endpoint and arguments.
+
+    `host`
+        If provided and the URL map has host matching enabled this can be
+        used to provide a match rule for the whole host.  This also means
+        that the subdomain feature is disabled.
+
+    `websocket`
+        If ``True``, this rule is only matches for WebSocket (``ws://``,
+        ``wss://``) requests. By default, rules will only match for HTTP
+        requests.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Percent-encoded newlines (``%0a``), which are decoded by WSGI
+        servers, are considered when routing instead of terminating the
+        match early.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        Added ``websocket``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        Added ``merge_slashes``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        Added ``alias`` and ``host``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
+       ``HEAD`` is added to ``methods`` if ``GET`` is present.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        string: str,
+        defaults: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        subdomain: str | None = None,
+        methods: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        build_only: bool = False,
+        endpoint: t.Any | None = None,
+        strict_slashes: bool | None = None,
+        merge_slashes: bool | None = None,
+        redirect_to: str | t.Callable[..., str] | None = None,
+        alias: bool = False,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        websocket: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not string.startswith("/"):
+            raise ValueError(f"URL rule '{string}' must start with a slash.")
+
+        self.rule = string
+        self.is_leaf = not string.endswith("/")
+        self.is_branch = string.endswith("/")
+
+        self.map: Map = None  # type: ignore
+        self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
+        self.merge_slashes = merge_slashes
+        self.subdomain = subdomain
+        self.host = host
+        self.defaults = defaults
+        self.build_only = build_only
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.websocket = websocket
+
+        if methods is not None:
+            if isinstance(methods, str):
+                raise TypeError("'methods' should be a list of strings.")
+
+            methods = {x.upper() for x in methods}
+
+            if "HEAD" not in methods and "GET" in methods:
+                methods.add("HEAD")
+
+            if websocket and methods - {"GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "WebSocket rules can only use 'GET', 'HEAD', and 'OPTIONS' methods."
+                )
+
+        self.methods = methods
+        self.endpoint: t.Any = endpoint
+        self.redirect_to = redirect_to
+
+        if defaults:
+            self.arguments = set(map(str, defaults))
+        else:
+            self.arguments = set()
+
+        self._converters: dict[str, BaseConverter] = {}
+        self._trace: list[tuple[bool, str]] = []
+        self._parts: list[RulePart] = []
+
+    def empty(self) -> Rule:
+        """
+        Return an unbound copy of this rule.
+
+        This can be useful if want to reuse an already bound URL for another
+        map.  See ``get_empty_kwargs`` to override what keyword arguments are
+        provided to the new copy.
+        """
+        return type(self)(self.rule, **self.get_empty_kwargs())
+
+    def get_empty_kwargs(self) -> t.Mapping[str, t.Any]:
+        """
+        Provides kwargs for instantiating empty copy with empty()
+
+        Use this method to provide custom keyword arguments to the subclass of
+        ``Rule`` when calling ``some_rule.empty()``.  Helpful when the subclass
+        has custom keyword arguments that are needed at instantiation.
+
+        Must return a ``dict`` that will be provided as kwargs to the new
+        instance of ``Rule``, following the initial ``self.rule`` value which
+        is always provided as the first, required positional argument.
+        """
+        defaults = None
+        if self.defaults:
+            defaults = dict(self.defaults)
+        return dict(
+            defaults=defaults,
+            subdomain=self.subdomain,
+            methods=self.methods,
+            build_only=self.build_only,
+            endpoint=self.endpoint,
+            strict_slashes=self.strict_slashes,
+            redirect_to=self.redirect_to,
+            alias=self.alias,
+            host=self.host,
+        )
+
+    def get_rules(self, map: Map) -> t.Iterator[Rule]:
+        yield self
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Rebinds and refreshes the URL.  Call this if you modified the
+        rule in place.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        self.bind(self.map, rebind=True)
+
+    def bind(self, map: Map, rebind: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Bind the url to a map and create a regular expression based on
+        the information from the rule itself and the defaults from the map.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        if self.map is not None and not rebind:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"url rule {self!r} already bound to map {self.map!r}")
+        self.map = map
+        if self.strict_slashes is None:
+            self.strict_slashes = map.strict_slashes
+        if self.merge_slashes is None:
+            self.merge_slashes = map.merge_slashes
+        if self.subdomain is None:
+            self.subdomain = map.default_subdomain
+        self.compile()
+
+    def get_converter(
+        self,
+        variable_name: str,
+        converter_name: str,
+        args: tuple[t.Any, ...],
+        kwargs: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+    ) -> BaseConverter:
+        """Looks up the converter for the given parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        if converter_name not in self.map.converters:
+            raise LookupError(f"the converter {converter_name!r} does not exist")
+        return self.map.converters[converter_name](self.map, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _encode_query_vars(self, query_vars: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> str:
+        items: t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]] = iter_multi_items(query_vars)
+
+        if self.map.sort_parameters:
+            items = sorted(items, key=self.map.sort_key)
+
+        return _urlencode(items)
+
+    def _parse_rule(self, rule: str) -> t.Iterable[RulePart]:
+        content = ""
+        static = True
+        argument_weights = []
+        static_weights: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+        final = False
+        convertor_number = 0
+
+        pos = 0
+        while pos < len(rule):
+            match = _part_re.match(rule, pos)
+            if match is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"malformed url rule: {rule!r}")
+
+            data = match.groupdict()
+            if data["static"] is not None:
+                static_weights.append((len(static_weights), -len(data["static"])))
+                self._trace.append((False, data["static"]))
+                content += data["static"] if static else re.escape(data["static"])
+
+            if data["variable"] is not None:
+                if static:
+                    # Switching content to represent regex, hence the need to escape
+                    content = re.escape(content)
+                static = False
+                c_args, c_kwargs = parse_converter_args(data["arguments"] or "")
+                convobj = self.get_converter(
+                    data["variable"], data["converter"] or "default", c_args, c_kwargs
+                )
+                self._converters[data["variable"]] = convobj
+                self.arguments.add(data["variable"])
+                if not convobj.part_isolating:
+                    final = True
+                content += f"(?P<__werkzeug_{convertor_number}>{convobj.regex})"
+                convertor_number += 1
+                argument_weights.append(convobj.weight)
+                self._trace.append((True, data["variable"]))
+
+            if data["slash"] is not None:
+                self._trace.append((False, "/"))
+                if final:
+                    content += "/"
+                else:
+                    if not static:
+                        content += r"\Z"
+                    weight = Weighting(
+                        -len(static_weights),
+                        static_weights,
+                        -len(argument_weights),
+                        argument_weights,
+                    )
+                    yield RulePart(
+                        content=content,
+                        final=final,
+                        static=static,
+                        suffixed=False,
+                        weight=weight,
+                    )
+                    content = ""
+                    static = True
+                    argument_weights = []
+                    static_weights = []
+                    final = False
+                    convertor_number = 0
+
+            pos = match.end()
+
+        suffixed = False
+        if final and content[-1] == "/":
+            # If a converter is part_isolating=False (matches slashes) and ends with a
+            # slash, augment the regex to support slash redirects.
+            suffixed = True
+            content = content[:-1] + "(?<!/)(/?)"
+        if not static:
+            content += r"\Z"
+        weight = Weighting(
+            -len(static_weights),
+            static_weights,
+            -len(argument_weights),
+            argument_weights,
+        )
+        yield RulePart(
+            content=content,
+            final=final,
+            static=static,
+            suffixed=suffixed,
+            weight=weight,
+        )
+        if suffixed:
+            yield RulePart(
+                content="", final=False, static=True, suffixed=False, weight=weight
+            )
+
+    def compile(self) -> None:
+        """Compiles the regular expression and stores it."""
+        assert self.map is not None, "rule not bound"
+
+        if self.map.host_matching:
+            domain_rule = self.host or ""
+        else:
+            domain_rule = self.subdomain or ""
+        self._parts = []
+        self._trace = []
+        self._converters = {}
+        if domain_rule == "":
+            self._parts = [
+                RulePart(
+                    content="",
+                    final=False,
+                    static=True,
+                    suffixed=False,
+                    weight=Weighting(0, [], 0, []),
+                )
+            ]
+        else:
+            self._parts.extend(self._parse_rule(domain_rule))
+        self._trace.append((False, "|"))
+        rule = self.rule
+        if self.merge_slashes:
+            rule = re.sub("/{2,}?", "/", self.rule)
+        self._parts.extend(self._parse_rule(rule))
+
+        self._build: t.Callable[..., tuple[str, str]]
+        self._build = self._compile_builder(False).__get__(self, None)
+        self._build_unknown: t.Callable[..., tuple[str, str]]
+        self._build_unknown = self._compile_builder(True).__get__(self, None)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_func_code(code: CodeType, name: str) -> t.Callable[..., tuple[str, str]]:
+        globs: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        locs: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        exec(code, globs, locs)
+        return locs[name]  # type: ignore
+
+    def _compile_builder(
+        self, append_unknown: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Callable[..., tuple[str, str]]:
+        defaults = self.defaults or {}
+        dom_ops: list[tuple[bool, str]] = []
+        url_ops: list[tuple[bool, str]] = []
+
+        opl = dom_ops
+        for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
+            if data == "|" and opl is dom_ops:
+                opl = url_ops
+                continue
+            # this seems like a silly case to ever come up but:
+            # if a default is given for a value that appears in the rule,
+            # resolve it to a constant ahead of time
+            if is_dynamic and data in defaults:
+                data = self._converters[data].to_url(defaults[data])
+                opl.append((False, data))
+            elif not is_dynamic:
+                # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+                opl.append((False, quote(data, safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@")))
+            else:
+                opl.append((True, data))
+
+        def _convert(elem: str) -> ast.Call:
+            ret = _prefix_names(_CALL_CONVERTER_CODE_FMT.format(elem=elem), ast.Call)
+            ret.args = [ast.Name(elem, ast.Load())]
+            return ret
+
+        def _parts(ops: list[tuple[bool, str]]) -> list[ast.expr]:
+            parts: list[ast.expr] = [
+                _convert(elem) if is_dynamic else ast.Constant(elem)
+                for is_dynamic, elem in ops
+            ]
+            parts = parts or [ast.Constant("")]
+            # constant fold
+            ret = [parts[0]]
+            for p in parts[1:]:
+                if isinstance(p, ast.Constant) and isinstance(ret[-1], ast.Constant):
+                    ret[-1] = ast.Constant(ret[-1].value + p.value)
+                else:
+                    ret.append(p)
+            return ret
+
+        dom_parts = _parts(dom_ops)
+        url_parts = _parts(url_ops)
+        body: list[ast.stmt]
+        if not append_unknown:
+            body = []
+        else:
+            body = [_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_AST]
+            url_parts.extend(_URL_ENCODE_AST_NAMES)
+
+        def _join(parts: list[ast.expr]) -> ast.expr:
+            if len(parts) == 1:  # shortcut
+                return parts[0]
+            return ast.JoinedStr(parts)
+
+        body.append(
+            ast.Return(ast.Tuple([_join(dom_parts), _join(url_parts)], ast.Load()))
+        )
+
+        pargs = [
+            elem
+            for is_dynamic, elem in dom_ops + url_ops
+            if is_dynamic and elem not in defaults
+        ]
+        kargs = [str(k) for k in defaults]
+
+        func_ast = _prefix_names("def _(): pass", ast.FunctionDef)
+        func_ast.name = f"<builder:{self.rule!r}>"
+        func_ast.args.args.append(ast.arg(".self", None))
+        for arg in pargs + kargs:
+            func_ast.args.args.append(ast.arg(arg, None))
+        func_ast.args.kwarg = ast.arg(".kwargs", None)
+        for _ in kargs:
+            func_ast.args.defaults.append(ast.Constant(""))
+        func_ast.body = body
+
+        # Use `ast.parse` instead of `ast.Module` for better portability, since the
+        # signature of `ast.Module` can change.
+        module = ast.parse("")
+        module.body = [func_ast]
+
+        # mark everything as on line 1, offset 0
+        # less error-prone than `ast.fix_missing_locations`
+        # bad line numbers cause an assert to fail in debug builds
+        for node in ast.walk(module):
+            if "lineno" in node._attributes:
+                node.lineno = 1  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            if "end_lineno" in node._attributes:
+                node.end_lineno = node.lineno  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            if "col_offset" in node._attributes:
+                node.col_offset = 0  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            if "end_col_offset" in node._attributes:
+                node.end_col_offset = node.col_offset  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        code = compile(module, "<werkzeug routing>", "exec")
+        return self._get_func_code(code, func_ast.name)
+
+    def build(
+        self, values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], append_unknown: bool = True
+    ) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        """Assembles the relative url for that rule and the subdomain.
+        If building doesn't work for some reasons `None` is returned.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        try:
+            if append_unknown:
+                return self._build_unknown(**values)
+            else:
+                return self._build(**values)
+        except ValidationError:
+            return None
+
+    def provides_defaults_for(self, rule: Rule) -> bool:
+        """Check if this rule has defaults for a given rule.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        return bool(
+            not self.build_only
+            and self.defaults
+            and self.endpoint == rule.endpoint
+            and self != rule
+            and self.arguments == rule.arguments
+        )
+
+    def suitable_for(
+        self, values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], method: str | None = None
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check if the dict of values has enough data for url generation.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        # if a method was given explicitly and that method is not supported
+        # by this rule, this rule is not suitable.
+        if (
+            method is not None
+            and self.methods is not None
+            and method not in self.methods
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        defaults = self.defaults or ()
+
+        # all arguments required must be either in the defaults dict or
+        # the value dictionary otherwise it's not suitable
+        for key in self.arguments:
+            if key not in defaults and key not in values:
+                return False
+
+        # in case defaults are given we ensure that either the value was
+        # skipped or the value is the same as the default value.
+        if defaults:
+            for key, value in defaults.items():
+                if key in values and value != values[key]:
+                    return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def build_compare_key(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """The build compare key for sorting.
+
+        :internal:
+        """
+        return (1 if self.alias else 0, -len(self.arguments), -len(self.defaults or ()))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self._trace == other._trace
+
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.rule
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.map is None:
+            return f"<{type(self).__name__} (unbound)>"
+        parts = []
+        for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
+            if is_dynamic:
+                parts.append(f"<{data}>")
+            else:
+                parts.append(data)
+        parts_str = "".join(parts).lstrip("|")
+        methods = f" ({', '.join(self.methods)})" if self.methods is not None else ""
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {parts_str!r}{methods} -> {self.endpoint}>"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/http.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f02d7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from .._internal import _dt_as_utc
+from ..http import generate_etag
+from ..http import parse_date
+from ..http import parse_etags
+from ..http import parse_if_range_header
+from ..http import unquote_etag
+
+_etag_re = re.compile(r'([Ww]/)?(?:"(.*?)"|(.*?))(?:\s*,\s*|$)')
+
+
+def is_resource_modified(
+    http_range: str | None = None,
+    http_if_range: str | None = None,
+    http_if_modified_since: str | None = None,
+    http_if_none_match: str | None = None,
+    http_if_match: str | None = None,
+    etag: str | None = None,
+    data: bytes | None = None,
+    last_modified: datetime | str | None = None,
+    ignore_if_range: bool = True,
+) -> bool:
+    """Convenience method for conditional requests.
+    :param http_range: Range HTTP header
+    :param http_if_range: If-Range HTTP header
+    :param http_if_modified_since: If-Modified-Since HTTP header
+    :param http_if_none_match: If-None-Match HTTP header
+    :param http_if_match: If-Match HTTP header
+    :param etag: the etag for the response for comparison.
+    :param data: or alternatively the data of the response to automatically
+                 generate an etag using :func:`generate_etag`.
+    :param last_modified: an optional date of the last modification.
+    :param ignore_if_range: If `False`, `If-Range` header will be taken into
+                            account.
+    :return: `True` if the resource was modified, otherwise `False`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if etag is None and data is not None:
+        etag = generate_etag(data)
+    elif data is not None:
+        raise TypeError("both data and etag given")
+
+    unmodified = False
+    if isinstance(last_modified, str):
+        last_modified = parse_date(last_modified)
+
+    # HTTP doesn't use microsecond, remove it to avoid false positive
+    # comparisons. Mark naive datetimes as UTC.
+    if last_modified is not None:
+        last_modified = _dt_as_utc(last_modified.replace(microsecond=0))
+
+    if_range = None
+    if not ignore_if_range and http_range is not None:
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7233#section-3.2
+        # A server MUST ignore an If-Range header field received in a request
+        # that does not contain a Range header field.
+        if_range = parse_if_range_header(http_if_range)
+
+    if if_range is not None and if_range.date is not None:
+        modified_since: datetime | None = if_range.date
+    else:
+        modified_since = parse_date(http_if_modified_since)
+
+    if modified_since and last_modified and last_modified <= modified_since:
+        unmodified = True
+
+    if etag:
+        etag, _ = unquote_etag(etag)
+
+        if if_range is not None and if_range.etag is not None:
+            unmodified = parse_etags(if_range.etag).contains(etag)
+        else:
+            if_none_match = parse_etags(http_if_none_match)
+            if if_none_match:
+                # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-3.2
+                # "A recipient MUST use the weak comparison function when comparing
+                # entity-tags for If-None-Match"
+                unmodified = if_none_match.contains_weak(etag)
+
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-3.1
+            # "Origin server MUST use the strong comparison function when
+            # comparing entity-tags for If-Match"
+            if_match = parse_etags(http_if_match)
+            if if_match:
+                unmodified = not if_match.is_strong(etag)
+
+    return not unmodified
+
+
+_cookie_re = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    ([^=;]*)
+    (?:\s*=\s*
+      (
+        "(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*"
+      |
+        .*?
+      )
+    )?
+    \s*;\s*
+    """,
+    flags=re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE,
+)
+_cookie_unslash_re = re.compile(rb"\\([0-3][0-7]{2}|.)")
+
+
+def _cookie_unslash_replace(m: t.Match[bytes]) -> bytes:
+    v = m.group(1)
+
+    if len(v) == 1:
+        return v
+
+    return int(v, 8).to_bytes(1, "big")
+
+
+def parse_cookie(
+    cookie: str | None = None,
+    cls: type[ds.MultiDict[str, str]] | None = None,
+) -> ds.MultiDict[str, str]:
+    """Parse a cookie from a string.
+
+    The same key can be provided multiple times, the values are stored
+    in-order. The default :class:`MultiDict` will have the first value
+    first, and all values can be retrieved with
+    :meth:`MultiDict.getlist`.
+
+    :param cookie: The cookie header as a string.
+    :param cls: A dict-like class to store the parsed cookies in.
+        Defaults to :class:`MultiDict`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing bytes, and the ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters, were removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[ds.MultiDict[str, str]]", ds.MultiDict)
+
+    if not cookie:
+        return cls()
+
+    cookie = f"{cookie};"
+    out = []
+
+    for ck, cv in _cookie_re.findall(cookie):
+        ck = ck.strip()
+        cv = cv.strip()
+
+        if not ck:
+            continue
+
+        if len(cv) >= 2 and cv[0] == cv[-1] == '"':
+            # Work with bytes here, since a UTF-8 character could be multiple bytes.
+            cv = _cookie_unslash_re.sub(
+                _cookie_unslash_replace, cv[1:-1].encode()
+            ).decode(errors="replace")
+
+        out.append((ck, cv))
+
+    return cls(out)
+
+
+# circular dependencies
+from .. import datastructures as ds
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/multipart.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..731be03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import typing as t
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import auto
+from enum import Enum
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import RequestEntityTooLarge
+from ..http import parse_options_header
+
+
+class Event:
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Preamble(Event):
+    data: bytes
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Field(Event):
+    name: str
+    headers: Headers
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class File(Event):
+    name: str
+    filename: str
+    headers: Headers
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Data(Event):
+    data: bytes
+    more_data: bool
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Epilogue(Event):
+    data: bytes
+
+
+class NeedData(Event):
+    pass
+
+
+NEED_DATA = NeedData()
+
+
+class State(Enum):
+    PREAMBLE = auto()
+    PART = auto()
+    DATA = auto()
+    DATA_START = auto()
+    EPILOGUE = auto()
+    COMPLETE = auto()
+
+
+# Multipart line breaks MUST be CRLF (\r\n) by RFC-7578, except that
+# many implementations break this and either use CR or LF alone.
+LINE_BREAK = b"(?:\r\n|\n|\r)"
+BLANK_LINE_RE = re.compile(b"(?:\r\n\r\n|\r\r|\n\n)", re.MULTILINE)
+LINE_BREAK_RE = re.compile(LINE_BREAK, re.MULTILINE)
+# Header values can be continued via a space or tab after the linebreak, as
+# per RFC2231
+HEADER_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(b"%s[ \t]" % LINE_BREAK, re.MULTILINE)
+# This must be long enough to contain any line breaks plus any
+# additional boundary markers (--) such that they will be found in a
+# subsequent search
+SEARCH_EXTRA_LENGTH = 8
+
+
+class MultipartDecoder:
+    """Decodes a multipart message as bytes into Python events.
+
+    The part data is returned as available to allow the caller to save
+    the data from memory to disk, if desired.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        boundary: bytes,
+        max_form_memory_size: int | None = None,
+        *,
+        max_parts: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+        self.complete = False
+        self.max_form_memory_size = max_form_memory_size
+        self.max_parts = max_parts
+        self.state = State.PREAMBLE
+        self.boundary = boundary
+
+        # Note in the below \h i.e. horizontal whitespace is used
+        # as [^\S\n\r] as \h isn't supported in python.
+
+        # The preamble must end with a boundary where the boundary is
+        # prefixed by a line break, RFC2046. Except that many
+        # implementations including Werkzeug's tests omit the line
+        # break prefix. In addition the first boundary could be the
+        # epilogue boundary (for empty form-data) hence the matching
+        # group to understand if it is an epilogue boundary.
+        self.preamble_re = re.compile(
+            rb"%s?--%s(--[^\S\n\r]*%s?|[^\S\n\r]*%s)"
+            % (LINE_BREAK, re.escape(boundary), LINE_BREAK, LINE_BREAK),
+            re.MULTILINE,
+        )
+        # A boundary must include a line break prefix and suffix, and
+        # may include trailing whitespace. In addition the boundary
+        # could be the epilogue boundary hence the matching group to
+        # understand if it is an epilogue boundary.
+        self.boundary_re = re.compile(
+            rb"%s--%s(--[^\S\n\r]*%s?|[^\S\n\r]*%s)"
+            % (LINE_BREAK, re.escape(boundary), LINE_BREAK, LINE_BREAK),
+            re.MULTILINE,
+        )
+        self._search_position = 0
+        self._parts_decoded = 0
+
+    def last_newline(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        try:
+            last_nl = data.rindex(b"\n")
+        except ValueError:
+            last_nl = len(data)
+        try:
+            last_cr = data.rindex(b"\r")
+        except ValueError:
+            last_cr = len(data)
+
+        return min(last_nl, last_cr)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes | None) -> None:
+        if data is None:
+            self.complete = True
+        elif (
+            self.max_form_memory_size is not None
+            and len(self.buffer) + len(data) > self.max_form_memory_size
+        ):
+            # Ensure that data within single event does not exceed limit.
+            # Also checked across accumulated events in MultiPartParser.
+            raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+        else:
+            self.buffer.extend(data)
+
+    def next_event(self) -> Event:
+        event: Event = NEED_DATA
+
+        if self.state == State.PREAMBLE:
+            match = self.preamble_re.search(self.buffer, self._search_position)
+            if match is not None:
+                if match.group(1).startswith(b"--"):
+                    self.state = State.EPILOGUE
+                else:
+                    self.state = State.PART
+                data = bytes(self.buffer[: match.start()])
+                del self.buffer[: match.end()]
+                event = Preamble(data=data)
+                self._search_position = 0
+            else:
+                # Update the search start position to be equal to the
+                # current buffer length (already searched) minus a
+                # safe buffer for part of the search target.
+                self._search_position = max(
+                    0, len(self.buffer) - len(self.boundary) - SEARCH_EXTRA_LENGTH
+                )
+
+        elif self.state == State.PART:
+            match = BLANK_LINE_RE.search(self.buffer, self._search_position)
+            if match is not None:
+                headers = self._parse_headers(self.buffer[: match.start()])
+                # The final header ends with a single CRLF, however a
+                # blank line indicates the start of the
+                # body. Therefore the end is after the first CRLF.
+                headers_end = (match.start() + match.end()) // 2
+                del self.buffer[:headers_end]
+
+                if "content-disposition" not in headers:
+                    raise ValueError("Missing Content-Disposition header")
+
+                disposition, extra = parse_options_header(
+                    headers["content-disposition"]
+                )
+                name = t.cast(str, extra.get("name"))
+                filename = extra.get("filename")
+                if filename is not None:
+                    event = File(
+                        filename=filename,
+                        headers=headers,
+                        name=name,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    event = Field(
+                        headers=headers,
+                        name=name,
+                    )
+                self.state = State.DATA_START
+                self._search_position = 0
+                self._parts_decoded += 1
+
+                if self.max_parts is not None and self._parts_decoded > self.max_parts:
+                    raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+            else:
+                # Update the search start position to be equal to the
+                # current buffer length (already searched) minus a
+                # safe buffer for part of the search target.
+                self._search_position = max(0, len(self.buffer) - SEARCH_EXTRA_LENGTH)
+
+        elif self.state == State.DATA_START:
+            data, del_index, more_data = self._parse_data(self.buffer, start=True)
+            del self.buffer[:del_index]
+            event = Data(data=data, more_data=more_data)
+            if more_data:
+                self.state = State.DATA
+
+        elif self.state == State.DATA:
+            data, del_index, more_data = self._parse_data(self.buffer, start=False)
+            del self.buffer[:del_index]
+            if data or not more_data:
+                event = Data(data=data, more_data=more_data)
+
+        elif self.state == State.EPILOGUE and self.complete:
+            event = Epilogue(data=bytes(self.buffer))
+            del self.buffer[:]
+            self.state = State.COMPLETE
+
+        if self.complete and isinstance(event, NeedData):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid form-data cannot parse beyond {self.state}")
+
+        return event
+
+    def _parse_headers(self, data: bytes) -> Headers:
+        headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        # Merge the continued headers into one line
+        data = HEADER_CONTINUATION_RE.sub(b" ", data)
+        # Now there is one header per line
+        for line in data.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+
+            if line != b"":
+                name, _, value = line.decode().partition(":")
+                headers.append((name.strip(), value.strip()))
+        return Headers(headers)
+
+    def _parse_data(self, data: bytes, *, start: bool) -> tuple[bytes, int, bool]:
+        # Body parts must start with CRLF (or CR or LF)
+        if start:
+            match = LINE_BREAK_RE.match(data)
+            data_start = t.cast(t.Match[bytes], match).end()
+        else:
+            data_start = 0
+
+        boundary = b"--" + self.boundary
+
+        if self.buffer.find(boundary) == -1:
+            # No complete boundary in the buffer, but there may be
+            # a partial boundary at the end. As the boundary
+            # starts with either a nl or cr find the earliest and
+            # return up to that as data.
+            data_end = del_index = self.last_newline(data[data_start:]) + data_start
+            # If amount of data after last newline is far from
+            # possible length of partial boundary, we should
+            # assume that there is no partial boundary in the buffer
+            # and return all pending data.
+            if (len(data) - data_end) > len(b"\n" + boundary):
+                data_end = del_index = len(data)
+            more_data = True
+        else:
+            match = self.boundary_re.search(data)
+            if match is not None:
+                if match.group(1).startswith(b"--"):
+                    self.state = State.EPILOGUE
+                else:
+                    self.state = State.PART
+                data_end = match.start()
+                del_index = match.end()
+            else:
+                data_end = del_index = self.last_newline(data[data_start:]) + data_start
+            more_data = match is None
+
+        return bytes(data[data_start:data_end]), del_index, more_data
+
+
+class MultipartEncoder:
+    def __init__(self, boundary: bytes) -> None:
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.state = State.PREAMBLE
+
+    def send_event(self, event: Event) -> bytes:
+        if isinstance(event, Preamble) and self.state == State.PREAMBLE:
+            self.state = State.PART
+            return event.data
+        elif isinstance(event, (Field, File)) and self.state in {
+            State.PREAMBLE,
+            State.PART,
+            State.DATA,
+        }:
+            data = b"\r\n--" + self.boundary + b"\r\n"
+            data += b'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % event.name.encode()
+            if isinstance(event, File):
+                data += b'; filename="%s"' % event.filename.encode()
+            data += b"\r\n"
+            for name, value in t.cast(Field, event).headers:
+                if name.lower() != "content-disposition":
+                    data += f"{name}: {value}\r\n".encode()
+            self.state = State.DATA_START
+            return data
+        elif isinstance(event, Data) and self.state == State.DATA_START:
+            self.state = State.DATA
+            if len(event.data) > 0:
+                return b"\r\n" + event.data
+            else:
+                return event.data
+        elif isinstance(event, Data) and self.state == State.DATA:
+            return event.data
+        elif isinstance(event, Epilogue):
+            self.state = State.COMPLETE
+            return b"\r\n--" + self.boundary + b"--\r\n" + event.data
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Cannot generate {event} in state: {self.state}")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5fbd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import parse_qsl
+
+from ..datastructures import Accept
+from ..datastructures import Authorization
+from ..datastructures import CharsetAccept
+from ..datastructures import ETags
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..datastructures import HeaderSet
+from ..datastructures import IfRange
+from ..datastructures import ImmutableList
+from ..datastructures import ImmutableMultiDict
+from ..datastructures import LanguageAccept
+from ..datastructures import MIMEAccept
+from ..datastructures import MultiDict
+from ..datastructures import Range
+from ..datastructures import RequestCacheControl
+from ..http import parse_accept_header
+from ..http import parse_cache_control_header
+from ..http import parse_date
+from ..http import parse_etags
+from ..http import parse_if_range_header
+from ..http import parse_list_header
+from ..http import parse_options_header
+from ..http import parse_range_header
+from ..http import parse_set_header
+from ..user_agent import UserAgent
+from ..utils import cached_property
+from ..utils import header_property
+from .http import parse_cookie
+from .utils import get_content_length
+from .utils import get_current_url
+from .utils import get_host
+
+
+class Request:
+    """Represents the non-IO parts of a HTTP request, including the
+    method, URL info, and headers.
+
+    This class is not meant for general use. It should only be used when
+    implementing WSGI, ASGI, or another HTTP application spec. Werkzeug
+    provides a WSGI implementation at :cls:`werkzeug.wrappers.Request`.
+
+    :param method: The method the request was made with, such as
+        ``GET``.
+    :param scheme: The URL scheme of the protocol the request used, such
+        as ``https`` or ``wss``.
+    :param server: The address of the server. ``(host, port)``,
+        ``(path, None)`` for unix sockets, or ``None`` if not known.
+    :param root_path: The prefix that the application is mounted under.
+        This is prepended to generated URLs, but is not part of route
+        matching.
+    :param path: The path part of the URL after ``root_path``.
+    :param query_string: The part of the URL after the "?".
+    :param headers: The headers received with the request.
+    :param remote_addr: The address of the client sending the request.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset``, ``url_charset``, and ``encoding_errors`` attributes
+        were removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    #: the class to use for `args` and `form`.  The default is an
+    #: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict` which supports
+    #: multiple values per key. A :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableDict`
+    #: is faster but only remembers the last key. It is also
+    #: possible to use mutable structures, but this is not recommended.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    parameter_storage_class: type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]] = ImmutableMultiDict
+
+    #: The type to be used for dict values from the incoming WSGI
+    #: environment. (For example for :attr:`cookies`.) By default an
+    #: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict` is used.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
+    #:     Changed to ``ImmutableMultiDict`` to support multiple values.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    dict_storage_class: type[MultiDict[str, t.Any]] = ImmutableMultiDict
+
+    #: the type to be used for list values from the incoming WSGI environment.
+    #: By default an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableList` is used
+    #: (for example for :attr:`access_list`).
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    list_storage_class: type[list[t.Any]] = ImmutableList
+
+    user_agent_class: type[UserAgent] = UserAgent
+    """The class used and returned by the :attr:`user_agent` property to
+    parse the header. Defaults to
+    :class:`~werkzeug.user_agent.UserAgent`, which does no parsing. An
+    extension can provide a subclass that uses a parser to provide other
+    data.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    #: Valid host names when handling requests. By default all hosts are
+    #: trusted, which means that whatever the client says the host is
+    #: will be accepted.
+    #:
+    #: Because ``Host`` and ``X-Forwarded-Host`` headers can be set to
+    #: any value by a malicious client, it is recommended to either set
+    #: this property or implement similar validation in the proxy (if
+    #: the application is being run behind one).
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    trusted_hosts: list[str] | None = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        scheme: str,
+        server: tuple[str, int | None] | None,
+        root_path: str,
+        path: str,
+        query_string: bytes,
+        headers: Headers,
+        remote_addr: str | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: The method the request was made with, such as ``GET``.
+        self.method = method.upper()
+        #: The URL scheme of the protocol the request used, such as
+        #: ``https`` or ``wss``.
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        #: The address of the server. ``(host, port)``, ``(path, None)``
+        #: for unix sockets, or ``None`` if not known.
+        self.server = server
+        #: The prefix that the application is mounted under, without a
+        #: trailing slash. :attr:`path` comes after this.
+        self.root_path = root_path.rstrip("/")
+        #: The path part of the URL after :attr:`root_path`. This is the
+        #: path used for routing within the application.
+        self.path = "/" + path.lstrip("/")
+        #: The part of the URL after the "?". This is the raw value, use
+        #: :attr:`args` for the parsed values.
+        self.query_string = query_string
+        #: The headers received with the request.
+        self.headers = headers
+        #: The address of the client sending the request.
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            url = self.url
+        except Exception as e:
+            url = f"(invalid URL: {e})"
+
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {url!r} [{self.method}]>"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def args(self) -> MultiDict[str, str]:
+        """The parsed URL parameters (the part in the URL after the question
+        mark).
+
+        By default an
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
+        is returned from this function.  This can be changed by setting
+        :attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type.  This might
+        be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Invalid bytes remain percent encoded.
+        """
+        return self.parameter_storage_class(
+            parse_qsl(
+                self.query_string.decode(),
+                keep_blank_values=True,
+                errors="werkzeug.url_quote",
+            )
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def access_route(self) -> list[str]:
+        """If a forwarded header exists this is a list of all ip addresses
+        from the client ip to the last proxy server.
+        """
+        if "X-Forwarded-For" in self.headers:
+            return self.list_storage_class(
+                parse_list_header(self.headers["X-Forwarded-For"])
+            )
+        elif self.remote_addr is not None:
+            return self.list_storage_class([self.remote_addr])
+        return self.list_storage_class()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def full_path(self) -> str:
+        """Requested path, including the query string."""
+        return f"{self.path}?{self.query_string.decode()}"
+
+    @property
+    def is_secure(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if the request was made with a secure protocol
+        (HTTPS or WSS).
+        """
+        return self.scheme in {"https", "wss"}
+
+    @cached_property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        """The full request URL with the scheme, host, root path, path,
+        and query string."""
+        return get_current_url(
+            self.scheme, self.host, self.root_path, self.path, self.query_string
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def base_url(self) -> str:
+        """Like :attr:`url` but without the query string."""
+        return get_current_url(self.scheme, self.host, self.root_path, self.path)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def root_url(self) -> str:
+        """The request URL scheme, host, and root path. This is the root
+        that the application is accessed from.
+        """
+        return get_current_url(self.scheme, self.host, self.root_path)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def host_url(self) -> str:
+        """The request URL scheme and host only."""
+        return get_current_url(self.scheme, self.host)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The host name the request was made to, including the port if
+        it's non-standard. Validated with :attr:`trusted_hosts`.
+        """
+        return get_host(
+            self.scheme, self.headers.get("host"), self.server, self.trusted_hosts
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def cookies(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]:
+        """A :class:`dict` with the contents of all cookies transmitted with
+        the request."""
+        wsgi_combined_cookie = ";".join(self.headers.getlist("Cookie"))
+        return parse_cookie(  # type: ignore
+            wsgi_combined_cookie, cls=self.dict_storage_class
+        )
+
+    # Common Descriptors
+
+    content_type = header_property[str](
+        "Content-Type",
+        doc="""The Content-Type entity-header field indicates the media
+        type of the entity-body sent to the recipient or, in the case of
+        the HEAD method, the media type that would have been sent had
+        the request been a GET.""",
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """The Content-Length entity-header field indicates the size of the
+        entity-body in bytes or, in the case of the HEAD method, the size of
+        the entity-body that would have been sent had the request been a
+        GET.
+        """
+        return get_content_length(
+            http_content_length=self.headers.get("Content-Length"),
+            http_transfer_encoding=self.headers.get("Transfer-Encoding"),
+        )
+
+    content_encoding = header_property[str](
+        "Content-Encoding",
+        doc="""The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a
+        modifier to the media-type. When present, its value indicates
+        what additional content codings have been applied to the
+        entity-body, and thus what decoding mechanisms must be applied
+        in order to obtain the media-type referenced by the Content-Type
+        header field.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9""",
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+    content_md5 = header_property[str](
+        "Content-MD5",
+        doc="""The Content-MD5 entity-header field, as defined in
+        RFC 1864, is an MD5 digest of the entity-body for the purpose of
+        providing an end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the
+        entity-body. (Note: a MIC is good for detecting accidental
+        modification of the entity-body in transit, but is not proof
+        against malicious attacks.)
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9""",
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+    referrer = header_property[str](
+        "Referer",
+        doc="""The Referer[sic] request-header field allows the client
+        to specify, for the server's benefit, the address (URI) of the
+        resource from which the Request-URI was obtained (the
+        "referrer", although the header field is misspelled).""",
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+    date = header_property(
+        "Date",
+        None,
+        parse_date,
+        doc="""The Date general-header field represents the date and
+        time at which the message was originated, having the same
+        semantics as orig-date in RFC 822.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """,
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+    max_forwards = header_property(
+        "Max-Forwards",
+        None,
+        int,
+        doc="""The Max-Forwards request-header field provides a
+        mechanism with the TRACE and OPTIONS methods to limit the number
+        of proxies or gateways that can forward the request to the next
+        inbound server.""",
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+
+    def _parse_content_type(self) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_parsed_content_type"):
+            self._parsed_content_type = parse_options_header(
+                self.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype(self) -> str:
+        """Like :attr:`content_type`, but without parameters (eg, without
+        charset, type etc.) and always lowercase.  For example if the content
+        type is ``text/HTML; charset=utf-8`` the mimetype would be
+        ``'text/html'``.
+        """
+        self._parse_content_type()
+        return self._parsed_content_type[0].lower()
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype_params(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """The mimetype parameters as dict.  For example if the content
+        type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
+        ``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
+        """
+        self._parse_content_type()
+        return self._parsed_content_type[1]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def pragma(self) -> HeaderSet:
+        """The Pragma general-header field is used to include
+        implementation-specific directives that might apply to any recipient
+        along the request/response chain.  All pragma directives specify
+        optional behavior from the viewpoint of the protocol; however, some
+        systems MAY require that behavior be consistent with the directives.
+        """
+        return parse_set_header(self.headers.get("Pragma", ""))
+
+    # Accept
+
+    @cached_property
+    def accept_mimetypes(self) -> MIMEAccept:
+        """List of mimetypes this client supports as
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MIMEAccept` object.
+        """
+        return parse_accept_header(self.headers.get("Accept"), MIMEAccept)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def accept_charsets(self) -> CharsetAccept:
+        """List of charsets this client supports as
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.CharsetAccept` object.
+        """
+        return parse_accept_header(self.headers.get("Accept-Charset"), CharsetAccept)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def accept_encodings(self) -> Accept:
+        """List of encodings this client accepts.  Encodings in a HTTP term
+        are compression encodings such as gzip.  For charsets have a look at
+        :attr:`accept_charset`.
+        """
+        return parse_accept_header(self.headers.get("Accept-Encoding"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def accept_languages(self) -> LanguageAccept:
+        """List of languages this client accepts as
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.LanguageAccept` object.
+
+        .. versionchanged 0.5
+           In previous versions this was a regular
+           :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Accept` object.
+        """
+        return parse_accept_header(self.headers.get("Accept-Language"), LanguageAccept)
+
+    # ETag
+
+    @cached_property
+    def cache_control(self) -> RequestCacheControl:
+        """A :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.RequestCacheControl` object
+        for the incoming cache control headers.
+        """
+        cache_control = self.headers.get("Cache-Control")
+        return parse_cache_control_header(cache_control, None, RequestCacheControl)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def if_match(self) -> ETags:
+        """An object containing all the etags in the `If-Match` header.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags`
+        """
+        return parse_etags(self.headers.get("If-Match"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def if_none_match(self) -> ETags:
+        """An object containing all the etags in the `If-None-Match` header.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ETags`
+        """
+        return parse_etags(self.headers.get("If-None-Match"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def if_modified_since(self) -> datetime | None:
+        """The parsed `If-Modified-Since` header as a datetime object.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """
+        return parse_date(self.headers.get("If-Modified-Since"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def if_unmodified_since(self) -> datetime | None:
+        """The parsed `If-Unmodified-Since` header as a datetime object.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """
+        return parse_date(self.headers.get("If-Unmodified-Since"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def if_range(self) -> IfRange:
+        """The parsed ``If-Range`` header.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            ``IfRange.date`` is timezone-aware.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+        return parse_if_range_header(self.headers.get("If-Range"))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def range(self) -> Range | None:
+        """The parsed `Range` header.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+        :rtype: :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Range`
+        """
+        return parse_range_header(self.headers.get("Range"))
+
+    # User Agent
+
+    @cached_property
+    def user_agent(self) -> UserAgent:
+        """The user agent. Use ``user_agent.string`` to get the header
+        value. Set :attr:`user_agent_class` to a subclass of
+        :class:`~werkzeug.user_agent.UserAgent` to provide parsing for
+        the other properties or other extended data.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            The built-in parser was removed. Set ``user_agent_class`` to a ``UserAgent``
+            subclass to parse data from the string.
+        """
+        return self.user_agent_class(self.headers.get("User-Agent", ""))
+
+    # Authorization
+
+    @cached_property
+    def authorization(self) -> Authorization | None:
+        """The ``Authorization`` header parsed into an :class:`.Authorization` object.
+        ``None`` if the header is not present.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            :class:`Authorization` is no longer a ``dict``. The ``token`` attribute
+            was added for auth schemes that use a token instead of parameters.
+        """
+        return Authorization.from_header(self.headers.get("Authorization"))
+
+    # CORS
+
+    origin = header_property[str](
+        "Origin",
+        doc=(
+            "The host that the request originated from. Set"
+            " :attr:`~CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_origin` on"
+            " the response to indicate which origins are allowed."
+        ),
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+
+    access_control_request_headers = header_property(
+        "Access-Control-Request-Headers",
+        load_func=parse_set_header,
+        doc=(
+            "Sent with a preflight request to indicate which headers"
+            " will be sent with the cross origin request. Set"
+            " :attr:`~CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_headers`"
+            " on the response to indicate which headers are allowed."
+        ),
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+
+    access_control_request_method = header_property[str](
+        "Access-Control-Request-Method",
+        doc=(
+            "Sent with a preflight request to indicate which method"
+            " will be used for the cross origin request. Set"
+            " :attr:`~CORSResponseMixin.access_control_allow_methods`"
+            " on the response to indicate which methods are allowed."
+        ),
+        read_only=True,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def is_json(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the mimetype indicates JSON data, either
+        :mimetype:`application/json` or :mimetype:`application/*+json`.
+        """
+        mt = self.mimetype
+        return (
+            mt == "application/json"
+            or mt.startswith("application/")
+            and mt.endswith("+json")
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fed086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,763 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timezone
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+from ..datastructures import CallbackDict
+from ..datastructures import ContentRange
+from ..datastructures import ContentSecurityPolicy
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..datastructures import HeaderSet
+from ..datastructures import ResponseCacheControl
+from ..datastructures import WWWAuthenticate
+from ..http import COEP
+from ..http import COOP
+from ..http import dump_age
+from ..http import dump_cookie
+from ..http import dump_header
+from ..http import dump_options_header
+from ..http import http_date
+from ..http import HTTP_STATUS_CODES
+from ..http import parse_age
+from ..http import parse_cache_control_header
+from ..http import parse_content_range_header
+from ..http import parse_csp_header
+from ..http import parse_date
+from ..http import parse_options_header
+from ..http import parse_set_header
+from ..http import quote_etag
+from ..http import unquote_etag
+from ..utils import get_content_type
+from ..utils import header_property
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..datastructures.cache_control import _CacheControl
+
+
+def _set_property(name: str, doc: str | None = None) -> property:
+    def fget(self: Response) -> HeaderSet:
+        def on_update(header_set: HeaderSet) -> None:
+            if not header_set and name in self.headers:
+                del self.headers[name]
+            elif header_set:
+                self.headers[name] = header_set.to_header()
+
+        return parse_set_header(self.headers.get(name), on_update)
+
+    def fset(
+        self: Response,
+        value: None | (str | dict[str, str | int] | t.Iterable[str]),
+    ) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            del self.headers[name]
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self.headers[name] = value
+        else:
+            self.headers[name] = dump_header(value)
+
+    return property(fget, fset, doc=doc)
+
+
+class Response:
+    """Represents the non-IO parts of an HTTP response, specifically the
+    status and headers but not the body.
+
+    This class is not meant for general use. It should only be used when
+    implementing WSGI, ASGI, or another HTTP application spec. Werkzeug
+    provides a WSGI implementation at :cls:`werkzeug.wrappers.Response`.
+
+    :param status: The status code for the response. Either an int, in
+        which case the default status message is added, or a string in
+        the form ``{code} {message}``, like ``404 Not Found``. Defaults
+        to 200.
+    :param headers: A :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object,
+        or a list of ``(key, value)`` tuples that will be converted to a
+        ``Headers`` object.
+    :param mimetype: The mime type (content type without charset or
+        other parameters) of the response. If the value starts with
+        ``text/`` (or matches some other special cases), the charset
+        will be added to create the ``content_type``.
+    :param content_type: The full content type of the response.
+        Overrides building the value from ``mimetype``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` attribute was removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    #: the default status if none is provided.
+    default_status = 200
+
+    #: the default mimetype if none is provided.
+    default_mimetype: str | None = "text/plain"
+
+    #: Warn if a cookie header exceeds this size. The default, 4093, should be
+    #: safely `supported by most browsers <cookie_>`_. A cookie larger than
+    #: this size will still be sent, but it may be ignored or handled
+    #: incorrectly by some browsers. Set to 0 to disable this check.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.13
+    #:
+    #: .. _`cookie`: http://browsercookielimits.squawky.net/
+    max_cookie_size = 4093
+
+    # A :class:`Headers` object representing the response headers.
+    headers: Headers
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: int | str | HTTPStatus | None = None,
+        headers: t.Mapping[str, str | t.Iterable[str]]
+        | t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]
+        | None = None,
+        mimetype: str | None = None,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            self.headers = headers
+        elif not headers:
+            self.headers = Headers()
+        else:
+            self.headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        if content_type is None:
+            if mimetype is None and "content-type" not in self.headers:
+                mimetype = self.default_mimetype
+            if mimetype is not None:
+                mimetype = get_content_type(mimetype, "utf-8")
+            content_type = mimetype
+        if content_type is not None:
+            self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        if status is None:
+            status = self.default_status
+        self.status = status  # type: ignore
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} [{self.status}]>"
+
+    @property
+    def status_code(self) -> int:
+        """The HTTP status code as a number."""
+        return self._status_code
+
+    @status_code.setter
+    def status_code(self, code: int) -> None:
+        self.status = code  # type: ignore
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> str:
+        """The HTTP status code as a string."""
+        return self._status
+
+    @status.setter
+    def status(self, value: str | int | HTTPStatus) -> None:
+        self._status, self._status_code = self._clean_status(value)
+
+    def _clean_status(self, value: str | int | HTTPStatus) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        if isinstance(value, (int, HTTPStatus)):
+            status_code = int(value)
+        else:
+            value = value.strip()
+
+            if not value:
+                raise ValueError("Empty status argument")
+
+            code_str, sep, _ = value.partition(" ")
+
+            try:
+                status_code = int(code_str)
+            except ValueError:
+                # only message
+                return f"0 {value}", 0
+
+            if sep:
+                # code and message
+                return value, status_code
+
+        # only code, look up message
+        try:
+            status = f"{status_code} {HTTP_STATUS_CODES[status_code].upper()}"
+        except KeyError:
+            status = f"{status_code} UNKNOWN"
+
+        return status, status_code
+
+    def set_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str = "",
+        max_age: timedelta | int | None = None,
+        expires: str | datetime | int | float | None = None,
+        path: str | None = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: str | None = None,
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Sets a cookie.
+
+        A warning is raised if the size of the cookie header exceeds
+        :attr:`max_cookie_size`, but the header will still be set.
+
+        :param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be set.
+        :param value: the value of the cookie.
+        :param max_age: should be a number of seconds, or `None` (default) if
+                        the cookie should last only as long as the client's
+                        browser session.
+        :param expires: should be a `datetime` object or UNIX timestamp.
+        :param path: limits the cookie to a given path, per default it will
+                     span the whole domain.
+        :param domain: if you want to set a cross-domain cookie.  For example,
+                       ``domain="example.com"`` will set a cookie that is
+                       readable by the domain ``www.example.com``,
+                       ``foo.example.com`` etc.  Otherwise, a cookie will only
+                       be readable by the domain that set it.
+        :param secure: If ``True``, the cookie will only be available
+            via HTTPS.
+        :param httponly: Disallow JavaScript access to the cookie.
+        :param samesite: Limit the scope of the cookie to only be
+            attached to requests that are "same-site".
+        :param partitioned: If ``True``, the cookie will be partitioned.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+            The ``partitioned`` parameter was added.
+        """
+        self.headers.add(
+            "Set-Cookie",
+            dump_cookie(
+                key,
+                value=value,
+                max_age=max_age,
+                expires=expires,
+                path=path,
+                domain=domain,
+                secure=secure,
+                httponly=httponly,
+                max_size=self.max_cookie_size,
+                samesite=samesite,
+                partitioned=partitioned,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        path: str | None = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: str | None = None,
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Delete a cookie.  Fails silently if key doesn't exist.
+
+        :param key: the key (name) of the cookie to be deleted.
+        :param path: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
+                     path, the path has to be defined here.
+        :param domain: if the cookie that should be deleted was limited to a
+                       domain, that domain has to be defined here.
+        :param secure: If ``True``, the cookie will only be available
+            via HTTPS.
+        :param httponly: Disallow JavaScript access to the cookie.
+        :param samesite: Limit the scope of the cookie to only be
+            attached to requests that are "same-site".
+        :param partitioned: If ``True``, the cookie will be partitioned.
+        """
+        self.set_cookie(
+            key,
+            expires=0,
+            max_age=0,
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            secure=secure,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            samesite=samesite,
+            partitioned=partitioned,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_json(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the mimetype indicates JSON data, either
+        :mimetype:`application/json` or :mimetype:`application/*+json`.
+        """
+        mt = self.mimetype
+        return mt is not None and (
+            mt == "application/json"
+            or mt.startswith("application/")
+            and mt.endswith("+json")
+        )
+
+    # Common Descriptors
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype(self) -> str | None:
+        """The mimetype (content type without charset etc.)"""
+        ct = self.headers.get("content-type")
+
+        if ct:
+            return ct.split(";")[0].strip()
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @mimetype.setter
+    def mimetype(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.headers["Content-Type"] = get_content_type(value, "utf-8")
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype_params(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """The mimetype parameters as dict. For example if the
+        content type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
+        ``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        """
+
+        def on_update(d: CallbackDict[str, str]) -> None:
+            self.headers["Content-Type"] = dump_options_header(self.mimetype, d)
+
+        d = parse_options_header(self.headers.get("content-type", ""))[1]
+        return CallbackDict(d, on_update)
+
+    location = header_property[str](
+        "Location",
+        doc="""The Location response-header field is used to redirect
+        the recipient to a location other than the Request-URI for
+        completion of the request or identification of a new
+        resource.""",
+    )
+    age = header_property(
+        "Age",
+        None,
+        parse_age,
+        dump_age,  # type: ignore
+        doc="""The Age response-header field conveys the sender's
+        estimate of the amount of time since the response (or its
+        revalidation) was generated at the origin server.
+
+        Age values are non-negative decimal integers, representing time
+        in seconds.""",
+    )
+    content_type = header_property[str](
+        "Content-Type",
+        doc="""The Content-Type entity-header field indicates the media
+        type of the entity-body sent to the recipient or, in the case of
+        the HEAD method, the media type that would have been sent had
+        the request been a GET.""",
+    )
+    content_length = header_property(
+        "Content-Length",
+        None,
+        int,
+        str,
+        doc="""The Content-Length entity-header field indicates the size
+        of the entity-body, in decimal number of OCTETs, sent to the
+        recipient or, in the case of the HEAD method, the size of the
+        entity-body that would have been sent had the request been a
+        GET.""",
+    )
+    content_location = header_property[str](
+        "Content-Location",
+        doc="""The Content-Location entity-header field MAY be used to
+        supply the resource location for the entity enclosed in the
+        message when that entity is accessible from a location separate
+        from the requested resource's URI.""",
+    )
+    content_encoding = header_property[str](
+        "Content-Encoding",
+        doc="""The Content-Encoding entity-header field is used as a
+        modifier to the media-type. When present, its value indicates
+        what additional content codings have been applied to the
+        entity-body, and thus what decoding mechanisms must be applied
+        in order to obtain the media-type referenced by the Content-Type
+        header field.""",
+    )
+    content_md5 = header_property[str](
+        "Content-MD5",
+        doc="""The Content-MD5 entity-header field, as defined in
+        RFC 1864, is an MD5 digest of the entity-body for the purpose of
+        providing an end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the
+        entity-body. (Note: a MIC is good for detecting accidental
+        modification of the entity-body in transit, but is not proof
+        against malicious attacks.)""",
+    )
+    date = header_property(
+        "Date",
+        None,
+        parse_date,
+        http_date,
+        doc="""The Date general-header field represents the date and
+        time at which the message was originated, having the same
+        semantics as orig-date in RFC 822.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """,
+    )
+    expires = header_property(
+        "Expires",
+        None,
+        parse_date,
+        http_date,
+        doc="""The Expires entity-header field gives the date/time after
+        which the response is considered stale. A stale cache entry may
+        not normally be returned by a cache.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """,
+    )
+    last_modified = header_property(
+        "Last-Modified",
+        None,
+        parse_date,
+        http_date,
+        doc="""The Last-Modified entity-header field indicates the date
+        and time at which the origin server believes the variant was
+        last modified.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def retry_after(self) -> datetime | None:
+        """The Retry-After response-header field can be used with a
+        503 (Service Unavailable) response to indicate how long the
+        service is expected to be unavailable to the requesting client.
+
+        Time in seconds until expiration or date.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The datetime object is timezone-aware.
+        """
+        value = self.headers.get("retry-after")
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            seconds = int(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            return parse_date(value)
+
+        return datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+
+    @retry_after.setter
+    def retry_after(self, value: datetime | int | str | None) -> None:
+        if value is None:
+            if "retry-after" in self.headers:
+                del self.headers["retry-after"]
+            return
+        elif isinstance(value, datetime):
+            value = http_date(value)
+        else:
+            value = str(value)
+        self.headers["Retry-After"] = value
+
+    vary = _set_property(
+        "Vary",
+        doc="""The Vary field value indicates the set of request-header
+        fields that fully determines, while the response is fresh,
+        whether a cache is permitted to use the response to reply to a
+        subsequent request without revalidation.""",
+    )
+    content_language = _set_property(
+        "Content-Language",
+        doc="""The Content-Language entity-header field describes the
+        natural language(s) of the intended audience for the enclosed
+        entity. Note that this might not be equivalent to all the
+        languages used within the entity-body.""",
+    )
+    allow = _set_property(
+        "Allow",
+        doc="""The Allow entity-header field lists the set of methods
+        supported by the resource identified by the Request-URI. The
+        purpose of this field is strictly to inform the recipient of
+        valid methods associated with the resource. An Allow header
+        field MUST be present in a 405 (Method Not Allowed)
+        response.""",
+    )
+
+    # ETag
+
+    @property
+    def cache_control(self) -> ResponseCacheControl:
+        """The Cache-Control general-header field is used to specify
+        directives that MUST be obeyed by all caching mechanisms along the
+        request/response chain.
+        """
+
+        def on_update(cache_control: _CacheControl) -> None:
+            if not cache_control and "cache-control" in self.headers:
+                del self.headers["cache-control"]
+            elif cache_control:
+                self.headers["Cache-Control"] = cache_control.to_header()
+
+        return parse_cache_control_header(
+            self.headers.get("cache-control"), on_update, ResponseCacheControl
+        )
+
+    def set_etag(self, etag: str, weak: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Set the etag, and override the old one if there was one."""
+        self.headers["ETag"] = quote_etag(etag, weak)
+
+    def get_etag(self) -> tuple[str, bool] | tuple[None, None]:
+        """Return a tuple in the form ``(etag, is_weak)``.  If there is no
+        ETag the return value is ``(None, None)``.
+        """
+        return unquote_etag(self.headers.get("ETag"))
+
+    accept_ranges = header_property[str](
+        "Accept-Ranges",
+        doc="""The `Accept-Ranges` header. Even though the name would
+        indicate that multiple values are supported, it must be one
+        string token only.
+
+        The values ``'bytes'`` and ``'none'`` are common.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7""",
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def content_range(self) -> ContentRange:
+        """The ``Content-Range`` header as a
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object. Available
+        even if the header is not set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        """
+
+        def on_update(rng: ContentRange) -> None:
+            if not rng:
+                del self.headers["content-range"]
+            else:
+                self.headers["Content-Range"] = rng.to_header()
+
+        rv = parse_content_range_header(self.headers.get("content-range"), on_update)
+        # always provide a content range object to make the descriptor
+        # more user friendly.  It provides an unset() method that can be
+        # used to remove the header quickly.
+        if rv is None:
+            rv = ContentRange(None, None, None, on_update=on_update)
+        return rv
+
+    @content_range.setter
+    def content_range(self, value: ContentRange | str | None) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            del self.headers["content-range"]
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self.headers["Content-Range"] = value
+        else:
+            self.headers["Content-Range"] = value.to_header()
+
+    # Authorization
+
+    @property
+    def www_authenticate(self) -> WWWAuthenticate:
+        """The ``WWW-Authenticate`` header parsed into a :class:`.WWWAuthenticate`
+        object. Modifying the object will modify the header value.
+
+        This header is not set by default. To set this header, assign an instance of
+        :class:`.WWWAuthenticate` to this attribute.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            response.www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate(
+                "basic", {"realm": "Authentication Required"}
+            )
+
+        Multiple values for this header can be sent to give the client multiple options.
+        Assign a list to set multiple headers. However, modifying the items in the list
+        will not automatically update the header values, and accessing this attribute
+        will only ever return the first value.
+
+        To unset this header, assign ``None`` or use ``del``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            This attribute can be assigned to to set the header. A list can be assigned
+            to set multiple header values. Use ``del`` to unset the header.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            :class:`WWWAuthenticate` is no longer a ``dict``. The ``token`` attribute
+            was added for auth challenges that use a token instead of parameters.
+        """
+        value = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(self.headers.get("WWW-Authenticate"))
+
+        if value is None:
+            value = WWWAuthenticate("basic")
+
+        def on_update(value: WWWAuthenticate) -> None:
+            self.www_authenticate = value
+
+        value._on_update = on_update
+        return value
+
+    @www_authenticate.setter
+    def www_authenticate(
+        self, value: WWWAuthenticate | list[WWWAuthenticate] | None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not value:  # None or empty list
+            del self.www_authenticate
+        elif isinstance(value, list):
+            # Clear any existing header by setting the first item.
+            self.headers.set("WWW-Authenticate", value[0].to_header())
+
+            for item in value[1:]:
+                # Add additional header lines for additional items.
+                self.headers.add("WWW-Authenticate", item.to_header())
+        else:
+            self.headers.set("WWW-Authenticate", value.to_header())
+
+            def on_update(value: WWWAuthenticate) -> None:
+                self.www_authenticate = value
+
+            # When setting a single value, allow updating it directly.
+            value._on_update = on_update
+
+    @www_authenticate.deleter
+    def www_authenticate(self) -> None:
+        if "WWW-Authenticate" in self.headers:
+            del self.headers["WWW-Authenticate"]
+
+    # CSP
+
+    @property
+    def content_security_policy(self) -> ContentSecurityPolicy:
+        """The ``Content-Security-Policy`` header as a
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentSecurityPolicy` object. Available
+        even if the header is not set.
+
+        The Content-Security-Policy header adds an additional layer of
+        security to help detect and mitigate certain types of attacks.
+        """
+
+        def on_update(csp: ContentSecurityPolicy) -> None:
+            if not csp:
+                del self.headers["content-security-policy"]
+            else:
+                self.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = csp.to_header()
+
+        rv = parse_csp_header(self.headers.get("content-security-policy"), on_update)
+        if rv is None:
+            rv = ContentSecurityPolicy(None, on_update=on_update)
+        return rv
+
+    @content_security_policy.setter
+    def content_security_policy(
+        self, value: ContentSecurityPolicy | str | None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            del self.headers["content-security-policy"]
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = value
+        else:
+            self.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = value.to_header()
+
+    @property
+    def content_security_policy_report_only(self) -> ContentSecurityPolicy:
+        """The ``Content-Security-policy-report-only`` header as a
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentSecurityPolicy` object. Available
+        even if the header is not set.
+
+        The Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header adds a csp policy
+        that is not enforced but is reported thereby helping detect
+        certain types of attacks.
+        """
+
+        def on_update(csp: ContentSecurityPolicy) -> None:
+            if not csp:
+                del self.headers["content-security-policy-report-only"]
+            else:
+                self.headers["Content-Security-policy-report-only"] = csp.to_header()
+
+        rv = parse_csp_header(
+            self.headers.get("content-security-policy-report-only"), on_update
+        )
+        if rv is None:
+            rv = ContentSecurityPolicy(None, on_update=on_update)
+        return rv
+
+    @content_security_policy_report_only.setter
+    def content_security_policy_report_only(
+        self, value: ContentSecurityPolicy | str | None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            del self.headers["content-security-policy-report-only"]
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self.headers["Content-Security-policy-report-only"] = value
+        else:
+            self.headers["Content-Security-policy-report-only"] = value.to_header()
+
+    # CORS
+
+    @property
+    def access_control_allow_credentials(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether credentials can be shared by the browser to
+        JavaScript code. As part of the preflight request it indicates
+        whether credentials can be used on the cross origin request.
+        """
+        return "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials" in self.headers
+
+    @access_control_allow_credentials.setter
+    def access_control_allow_credentials(self, value: bool | None) -> None:
+        if value is True:
+            self.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"] = "true"
+        else:
+            self.headers.pop("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", None)
+
+    access_control_allow_headers = header_property(
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
+        load_func=parse_set_header,
+        dump_func=dump_header,
+        doc="Which headers can be sent with the cross origin request.",
+    )
+
+    access_control_allow_methods = header_property(
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Methods",
+        load_func=parse_set_header,
+        dump_func=dump_header,
+        doc="Which methods can be used for the cross origin request.",
+    )
+
+    access_control_allow_origin = header_property[str](
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Origin",
+        doc="The origin or '*' for any origin that may make cross origin requests.",
+    )
+
+    access_control_expose_headers = header_property(
+        "Access-Control-Expose-Headers",
+        load_func=parse_set_header,
+        dump_func=dump_header,
+        doc="Which headers can be shared by the browser to JavaScript code.",
+    )
+
+    access_control_max_age = header_property(
+        "Access-Control-Max-Age",
+        load_func=int,
+        dump_func=str,
+        doc="The maximum age in seconds the access control settings can be cached for.",
+    )
+
+    cross_origin_opener_policy = header_property[COOP](
+        "Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy",
+        load_func=lambda value: COOP(value),
+        dump_func=lambda value: value.value,
+        default=COOP.UNSAFE_NONE,
+        doc="""Allows control over sharing of browsing context group with cross-origin
+        documents. Values must be a member of the :class:`werkzeug.http.COOP` enum.""",
+    )
+
+    cross_origin_embedder_policy = header_property[COEP](
+        "Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy",
+        load_func=lambda value: COEP(value),
+        dump_func=lambda value: value.value,
+        default=COEP.UNSAFE_NONE,
+        doc="""Prevents a document from loading any cross-origin resources that do not
+        explicitly grant the document permission. Values must be a member of the
+        :class:`werkzeug.http.COEP` enum.""",
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff7ceda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/sansio/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+from .._internal import _plain_int
+from ..exceptions import SecurityError
+from ..urls import uri_to_iri
+
+
+def host_is_trusted(hostname: str | None, trusted_list: t.Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    """Check if a host matches a list of trusted names.
+
+    :param hostname: The name to check.
+    :param trusted_list: A list of valid names to match. If a name
+        starts with a dot it will match all subdomains.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    if not hostname:
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        hostname = hostname.partition(":")[0].encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return False
+
+    if isinstance(trusted_list, str):
+        trusted_list = [trusted_list]
+
+    for ref in trusted_list:
+        if ref.startswith("."):
+            ref = ref[1:]
+            suffix_match = True
+        else:
+            suffix_match = False
+
+        try:
+            ref = ref.partition(":")[0].encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            return False
+
+        if ref == hostname or (suffix_match and hostname.endswith(f".{ref}")):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_host(
+    scheme: str,
+    host_header: str | None,
+    server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None,
+    trusted_hosts: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Return the host for the given parameters.
+
+    This first checks the ``host_header``. If it's not present, then
+    ``server`` is used. The host will only contain the port if it is
+    different than the standard port for the protocol.
+
+    Optionally, verify that the host is trusted using
+    :func:`host_is_trusted` and raise a
+    :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.SecurityError` if it is not.
+
+    :param scheme: The protocol the request used, like ``"https"``.
+    :param host_header: The ``Host`` header value.
+    :param server: Address of the server. ``(host, port)``, or
+        ``(path, None)`` for unix sockets.
+    :param trusted_hosts: A list of trusted host names.
+
+    :return: Host, with port if necessary.
+    :raise ~werkzeug.exceptions.SecurityError: If the host is not
+        trusted.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1.3
+        If ``SERVER_NAME`` is IPv6, it is wrapped in ``[]``.
+    """
+    host = ""
+
+    if host_header is not None:
+        host = host_header
+    elif server is not None:
+        host = server[0]
+
+        # If SERVER_NAME is IPv6, wrap it in [] to match Host header.
+        # Check for : because domain or IPv4 can't have that.
+        if ":" in host and host[0] != "[":
+            host = f"[{host}]"
+
+        if server[1] is not None:
+            host = f"{host}:{server[1]}"
+
+    if scheme in {"http", "ws"} and host.endswith(":80"):
+        host = host[:-3]
+    elif scheme in {"https", "wss"} and host.endswith(":443"):
+        host = host[:-4]
+
+    if trusted_hosts is not None:
+        if not host_is_trusted(host, trusted_hosts):
+            raise SecurityError(f"Host {host!r} is not trusted.")
+
+    return host
+
+
+def get_current_url(
+    scheme: str,
+    host: str,
+    root_path: str | None = None,
+    path: str | None = None,
+    query_string: bytes | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Recreate the URL for a request. If an optional part isn't
+    provided, it and subsequent parts are not included in the URL.
+
+    The URL is an IRI, not a URI, so it may contain Unicode characters.
+    Use :func:`~werkzeug.urls.iri_to_uri` to convert it to ASCII.
+
+    :param scheme: The protocol the request used, like ``"https"``.
+    :param host: The host the request was made to. See :func:`get_host`.
+    :param root_path: Prefix that the application is mounted under. This
+        is prepended to ``path``.
+    :param path: The path part of the URL after ``root_path``.
+    :param query_string: The portion of the URL after the "?".
+    """
+    url = [scheme, "://", host]
+
+    if root_path is None:
+        url.append("/")
+        return uri_to_iri("".join(url))
+
+    # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+    # as well as percent for things that are already quoted
+    url.append(quote(root_path.rstrip("/"), safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@%"))
+    url.append("/")
+
+    if path is None:
+        return uri_to_iri("".join(url))
+
+    url.append(quote(path.lstrip("/"), safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=@%"))
+
+    if query_string:
+        url.append("?")
+        url.append(quote(query_string, safe="!$&'()*+,/:;=?@%"))
+
+    return uri_to_iri("".join(url))
+
+
+def get_content_length(
+    http_content_length: str | None = None,
+    http_transfer_encoding: str | None = None,
+) -> int | None:
+    """Return the ``Content-Length`` header value as an int. If the header is not given
+    or the ``Transfer-Encoding`` header is ``chunked``, ``None`` is returned to indicate
+    a streaming request. If the value is not an integer, or negative, 0 is returned.
+
+    :param http_content_length: The Content-Length HTTP header.
+    :param http_transfer_encoding: The Transfer-Encoding HTTP header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if http_transfer_encoding == "chunked" or http_content_length is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return max(0, _plain_int(http_content_length))
+    except ValueError:
+        return 0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/security.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/security.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f49ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/security.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import os
+import posixpath
+import secrets
+
+SALT_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
+DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS = 1_000_000
+
+_os_alt_seps: list[str] = list(
+    sep for sep in [os.sep, os.path.altsep] if sep is not None and sep != "/"
+)
+
+
+def gen_salt(length: int) -> str:
+    """Generate a random string of SALT_CHARS with specified ``length``."""
+    if length <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("Salt length must be at least 1.")
+
+    return "".join(secrets.choice(SALT_CHARS) for _ in range(length))
+
+
+def _hash_internal(method: str, salt: str, password: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    method, *args = method.split(":")
+    salt_bytes = salt.encode()
+    password_bytes = password.encode()
+
+    if method == "scrypt":
+        if not args:
+            n = 2**15
+            r = 8
+            p = 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                n, r, p = map(int, args)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError("'scrypt' takes 3 arguments.") from None
+
+        maxmem = 132 * n * r * p  # ideally 128, but some extra seems needed
+        return (
+            hashlib.scrypt(
+                password_bytes, salt=salt_bytes, n=n, r=r, p=p, maxmem=maxmem
+            ).hex(),
+            f"scrypt:{n}:{r}:{p}",
+        )
+    elif method == "pbkdf2":
+        len_args = len(args)
+
+        if len_args == 0:
+            hash_name = "sha256"
+            iterations = DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS
+        elif len_args == 1:
+            hash_name = args[0]
+            iterations = DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS
+        elif len_args == 2:
+            hash_name = args[0]
+            iterations = int(args[1])
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("'pbkdf2' takes 2 arguments.")
+
+        return (
+            hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(
+                hash_name, password_bytes, salt_bytes, iterations
+            ).hex(),
+            f"pbkdf2:{hash_name}:{iterations}",
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid hash method '{method}'.")
+
+
+def generate_password_hash(
+    password: str, method: str = "scrypt", salt_length: int = 16
+) -> str:
+    """Securely hash a password for storage. A password can be compared to a stored hash
+    using :func:`check_password_hash`.
+
+    The following methods are supported:
+
+    -   ``scrypt``, the default. The parameters are ``n``, ``r``, and ``p``, the default
+        is ``scrypt:32768:8:1``. See :func:`hashlib.scrypt`.
+    -   ``pbkdf2``, less secure. The parameters are ``hash_method`` and ``iterations``,
+        the default is ``pbkdf2:sha256:600000``. See :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac`.
+
+    Default parameters may be updated to reflect current guidelines, and methods may be
+    deprecated and removed if they are no longer considered secure. To migrate old
+    hashes, you may generate a new hash when checking an old hash, or you may contact
+    users with a link to reset their password.
+
+    :param password: The plaintext password.
+    :param method: The key derivation function and parameters.
+    :param salt_length: The number of characters to generate for the salt.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+        The default iterations for pbkdf2 was increased to 1,000,000.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Scrypt support was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        The default iterations for pbkdf2 was increased to 600,000.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        All plain hashes are deprecated and will not be supported in Werkzeug 3.0.
+    """
+    salt = gen_salt(salt_length)
+    h, actual_method = _hash_internal(method, salt, password)
+    return f"{actual_method}${salt}${h}"
+
+
+def check_password_hash(pwhash: str, password: str) -> bool:
+    """Securely check that the given stored password hash, previously generated using
+    :func:`generate_password_hash`, matches the given password.
+
+    Methods may be deprecated and removed if they are no longer considered secure. To
+    migrate old hashes, you may generate a new hash when checking an old hash, or you
+    may contact users with a link to reset their password.
+
+    :param pwhash: The hashed password.
+    :param password: The plaintext password.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        All plain hashes are deprecated and will not be supported in Werkzeug 3.0.
+    """
+    try:
+        method, salt, hashval = pwhash.split("$", 2)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+    return hmac.compare_digest(_hash_internal(method, salt, password)[0], hashval)
+
+
+def safe_join(directory: str, *pathnames: str) -> str | None:
+    """Safely join zero or more untrusted path components to a base
+    directory to avoid escaping the base directory.
+
+    :param directory: The trusted base directory.
+    :param pathnames: The untrusted path components relative to the
+        base directory.
+    :return: A safe path, otherwise ``None``.
+    """
+    if not directory:
+        # Ensure we end up with ./path if directory="" is given,
+        # otherwise the first untrusted part could become trusted.
+        directory = "."
+
+    parts = [directory]
+
+    for filename in pathnames:
+        if filename != "":
+            filename = posixpath.normpath(filename)
+
+        if (
+            any(sep in filename for sep in _os_alt_seps)
+            or os.path.isabs(filename)
+            # ntpath.isabs doesn't catch this on Python < 3.11
+            or filename.startswith("/")
+            or filename == ".."
+            or filename.startswith("../")
+        ):
+            return None
+
+        parts.append(filename)
+
+    return posixpath.join(*parts)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec16640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/serving.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1125 @@
+"""A WSGI and HTTP server for use **during development only**. This
+server is convenient to use, but is not designed to be particularly
+stable, secure, or efficient. Use a dedicate WSGI server and HTTP
+server when deploying to production.
+
+It provides features like interactive debugging and code reloading. Use
+``run_simple`` to start the server. Put this in a ``run.py`` script:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from myapp import create_app
+    from werkzeug import run_simple
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import selectors
+import socket
+import socketserver
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime as dt
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timezone
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+from http.server import HTTPServer
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+from ._internal import _log
+from ._internal import _wsgi_encoding_dance
+from .exceptions import InternalServerError
+from .urls import uri_to_iri
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+
+    connection_dropped_errors: tuple[type[Exception], ...] = (
+        ConnectionError,
+        socket.timeout,
+        ssl.SSLEOFError,
+    )
+except ImportError:
+
+    class _SslDummy:
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+            raise RuntimeError(  # noqa: B904
+                "SSL is unavailable because this Python runtime was not"
+                " compiled with SSL/TLS support."
+            )
+
+    ssl = _SslDummy()  # type: ignore
+    connection_dropped_errors = (ConnectionError, socket.timeout)
+
+_log_add_style = True
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    try:
+        __import__("colorama")
+    except ImportError:
+        _log_add_style = False
+
+can_fork = hasattr(os, "fork")
+
+if can_fork:
+    ForkingMixIn = socketserver.ForkingMixIn
+else:
+
+    class ForkingMixIn:  # type: ignore
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    af_unix = socket.AF_UNIX
+except AttributeError:
+    af_unix = None  # type: ignore
+
+LISTEN_QUEUE = 128
+
+_TSSLContextArg = t.Optional[
+    t.Union["ssl.SSLContext", tuple[str, t.Optional[str]], t.Literal["adhoc"]]
+]
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import (
+        RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization,
+    )
+    from cryptography.x509 import Certificate
+
+
+class DechunkedInput(io.RawIOBase):
+    """An input stream that handles Transfer-Encoding 'chunked'"""
+
+    def __init__(self, rfile: t.IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._rfile = rfile
+        self._done = False
+        self._len = 0
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def read_chunk_len(self) -> int:
+        try:
+            line = self._rfile.readline().decode("latin1")
+            _len = int(line.strip(), 16)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise OSError("Invalid chunk header") from e
+        if _len < 0:
+            raise OSError("Negative chunk length not allowed")
+        return _len
+
+    def readinto(self, buf: bytearray) -> int:  # type: ignore
+        read = 0
+        while not self._done and read < len(buf):
+            if self._len == 0:
+                # This is the first chunk or we fully consumed the previous
+                # one. Read the next length of the next chunk
+                self._len = self.read_chunk_len()
+
+            if self._len == 0:
+                # Found the final chunk of size 0. The stream is now exhausted,
+                # but there is still a final newline that should be consumed
+                self._done = True
+
+            if self._len > 0:
+                # There is data (left) in this chunk, so append it to the
+                # buffer. If this operation fully consumes the chunk, this will
+                # reset self._len to 0.
+                n = min(len(buf), self._len)
+
+                # If (read + chunk size) becomes more than len(buf), buf will
+                # grow beyond the original size and read more data than
+                # required. So only read as much data as can fit in buf.
+                if read + n > len(buf):
+                    buf[read:] = self._rfile.read(len(buf) - read)
+                    self._len -= len(buf) - read
+                    read = len(buf)
+                else:
+                    buf[read : read + n] = self._rfile.read(n)
+                    self._len -= n
+                    read += n
+
+            if self._len == 0:
+                # Skip the terminating newline of a chunk that has been fully
+                # consumed. This also applies to the 0-sized final chunk
+                terminator = self._rfile.readline()
+                if terminator not in (b"\n", b"\r\n", b"\r"):
+                    raise OSError("Missing chunk terminating newline")
+
+        return read
+
+
+class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    """A request handler that implements WSGI dispatching."""
+
+    server: BaseWSGIServer
+
+    @property
+    def server_version(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return self.server._server_version
+
+    def make_environ(self) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+        request_url = urlsplit(self.path)
+        url_scheme = "http" if self.server.ssl_context is None else "https"
+
+        if not self.client_address:
+            self.client_address = ("<local>", 0)
+        elif isinstance(self.client_address, str):
+            self.client_address = (self.client_address, 0)
+
+        # If there was no scheme but the path started with two slashes,
+        # the first segment may have been incorrectly parsed as the
+        # netloc, prepend it to the path again.
+        if not request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
+            path_info = f"/{request_url.netloc}{request_url.path}"
+        else:
+            path_info = request_url.path
+
+        path_info = unquote(path_info)
+
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": url_scheme,
+            "wsgi.input": self.rfile,
+            "wsgi.errors": sys.stderr,
+            "wsgi.multithread": self.server.multithread,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": self.server.multiprocess,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "werkzeug.socket": self.connection,
+            "SERVER_SOFTWARE": self.server_version,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": self.command,
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": "",
+            "PATH_INFO": _wsgi_encoding_dance(path_info),
+            "QUERY_STRING": _wsgi_encoding_dance(request_url.query),
+            # Non-standard, added by mod_wsgi, uWSGI
+            "REQUEST_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
+            # Non-standard, added by gunicorn
+            "RAW_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.address_string(),
+            "REMOTE_PORT": self.port_integer(),
+            "SERVER_NAME": self.server.server_address[0],
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(self.server.server_address[1]),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": self.request_version,
+        }
+
+        for key, value in self.headers.items():
+            if "_" in key:
+                continue
+
+            key = key.upper().replace("-", "_")
+            value = value.replace("\r\n", "")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = f"HTTP_{key}"
+                if key in environ:
+                    value = f"{environ[key]},{value}"
+            environ[key] = value
+
+        if environ.get("HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING", "").strip().lower() == "chunked":
+            environ["wsgi.input_terminated"] = True
+            environ["wsgi.input"] = DechunkedInput(environ["wsgi.input"])
+
+        # Per RFC 2616, if the URL is absolute, use that as the host.
+        # We're using "has a scheme" to indicate an absolute URL.
+        if request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
+            environ["HTTP_HOST"] = request_url.netloc
+
+        try:
+            # binary_form=False gives nicer information, but wouldn't be compatible with
+            # what Nginx or Apache could return.
+            peer_cert = self.connection.getpeercert(binary_form=True)
+            if peer_cert is not None:
+                # Nginx and Apache use PEM format.
+                environ["SSL_CLIENT_CERT"] = ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(peer_cert)
+        except ValueError:
+            # SSL handshake hasn't finished.
+            self.server.log("error", "Cannot fetch SSL peer certificate info")
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not using TLS, the socket will not have getpeercert().
+            pass
+
+        return environ
+
+    def run_wsgi(self) -> None:
+        if self.headers.get("Expect", "").lower().strip() == "100-continue":
+            self.wfile.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")
+
+        self.environ = environ = self.make_environ()
+        status_set: str | None = None
+        headers_set: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
+        status_sent: str | None = None
+        headers_sent: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None
+        chunk_response: bool = False
+
+        def write(data: bytes) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_sent, headers_sent, chunk_response
+            assert status_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
+            assert headers_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
+            if status_sent is None:
+                status_sent = status_set
+                headers_sent = headers_set
+                try:
+                    code_str, msg = status_sent.split(None, 1)
+                except ValueError:
+                    code_str, msg = status_sent, ""
+                code = int(code_str)
+                self.send_response(code, msg)
+                header_keys = set()
+                for key, value in headers_sent:
+                    self.send_header(key, value)
+                    header_keys.add(key.lower())
+
+                # Use chunked transfer encoding if there is no content
+                # length. Do not use for 1xx and 204 responses. 304
+                # responses and HEAD requests are also excluded, which
+                # is the more conservative behavior and matches other
+                # parts of the code.
+                # https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7230.html#rfc.section.3.3.1
+                if (
+                    not (
+                        "content-length" in header_keys
+                        or environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
+                        or (100 <= code < 200)
+                        or code in {204, 304}
+                    )
+                    and self.protocol_version >= "HTTP/1.1"
+                ):
+                    chunk_response = True
+                    self.send_header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
+
+                # Always close the connection. This disables HTTP/1.1
+                # keep-alive connections. They aren't handled well by
+                # Python's http.server because it doesn't know how to
+                # drain the stream before the next request line.
+                self.send_header("Connection", "close")
+                self.end_headers()
+
+            assert isinstance(data, bytes), "applications must write bytes"
+
+            if data:
+                if chunk_response:
+                    self.wfile.write(hex(len(data))[2:].encode())
+                    self.wfile.write(b"\r\n")
+
+                self.wfile.write(data)
+
+                if chunk_response:
+                    self.wfile.write(b"\r\n")
+
+            self.wfile.flush()
+
+        def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):  # type: ignore
+            nonlocal status_set, headers_set
+            if exc_info:
+                try:
+                    if headers_sent:
+                        raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+                finally:
+                    exc_info = None
+            elif headers_set:
+                raise AssertionError("Headers already set")
+            status_set = status
+            headers_set = headers
+            return write
+
+        def execute(app: WSGIApplication) -> None:
+            application_iter = app(environ, start_response)
+            try:
+                for data in application_iter:
+                    write(data)
+                if not headers_sent:
+                    write(b"")
+                if chunk_response:
+                    self.wfile.write(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+            finally:
+                # Check for any remaining data in the read socket, and discard it. This
+                # will read past request.max_content_length, but lets the client see a
+                # 413 response instead of a connection reset failure. If we supported
+                # keep-alive connections, this naive approach would break by reading the
+                # next request line. Since we know that write (above) closes every
+                # connection we can read everything.
+                selector = selectors.DefaultSelector()
+                selector.register(self.connection, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+                total_size = 0
+                total_reads = 0
+
+                # A timeout of 0 tends to fail because a client needs a small amount of
+                # time to continue sending its data.
+                while selector.select(timeout=0.01):
+                    # Only read 10MB into memory at a time.
+                    data = self.rfile.read(10_000_000)
+                    total_size += len(data)
+                    total_reads += 1
+
+                    # Stop reading on no data, >=10GB, or 1000 reads. If a client sends
+                    # more than that, they'll get a connection reset failure.
+                    if not data or total_size >= 10_000_000_000 or total_reads > 1000:
+                        break
+
+                selector.close()
+
+                if hasattr(application_iter, "close"):
+                    application_iter.close()
+
+        try:
+            execute(self.server.app)
+        except connection_dropped_errors as e:
+            self.connection_dropped(e, environ)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.server.passthrough_errors:
+                raise
+
+            if status_sent is not None and chunk_response:
+                self.close_connection = True
+
+            try:
+                # if we haven't yet sent the headers but they are set
+                # we roll back to be able to set them again.
+                if status_sent is None:
+                    status_set = None
+                    headers_set = None
+                execute(InternalServerError())
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+            from .debug.tbtools import DebugTraceback
+
+            msg = DebugTraceback(e).render_traceback_text()
+            self.server.log("error", f"Error on request:\n{msg}")
+
+    def handle(self) -> None:
+        """Handles a request ignoring dropped connections."""
+        try:
+            super().handle()
+        except (ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
+            self.connection_dropped(e)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.server.ssl_context is not None and is_ssl_error(e):
+                self.log_error("SSL error occurred: %s", e)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def connection_dropped(
+        self, error: BaseException, environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Called if the connection was closed by the client.  By default
+        nothing happens.
+        """
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        # All HTTP methods are handled by run_wsgi.
+        if name.startswith("do_"):
+            return self.run_wsgi
+
+        # All other attributes are forwarded to the base class.
+        return getattr(super(), name)
+
+    def address_string(self) -> str:
+        if getattr(self, "environ", None):
+            return self.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]  # type: ignore
+
+        if not self.client_address:
+            return "<local>"
+
+        return self.client_address[0]
+
+    def port_integer(self) -> int:
+        return self.client_address[1]
+
+    # Escape control characters. This is defined (but private) in Python 3.12.
+    _control_char_table = str.maketrans(
+        {c: rf"\x{c:02x}" for c in [*range(0x20), *range(0x7F, 0xA0)]}
+    )
+    _control_char_table[ord("\\")] = r"\\"
+
+    def log_request(self, code: int | str = "-", size: int | str = "-") -> None:
+        try:
+            path = uri_to_iri(self.path)
+            msg = f"{self.command} {path} {self.request_version}"
+        except AttributeError:
+            # path isn't set if the requestline was bad
+            msg = self.requestline
+
+        # Escape control characters that may be in the decoded path.
+        msg = msg.translate(self._control_char_table)
+        code = str(code)
+
+        if code[0] == "1":  # 1xx - Informational
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold")
+        elif code == "200":  # 2xx - Success
+            pass
+        elif code == "304":  # 304 - Resource Not Modified
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "cyan")
+        elif code[0] == "3":  # 3xx - Redirection
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "green")
+        elif code == "404":  # 404 - Resource Not Found
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "yellow")
+        elif code[0] == "4":  # 4xx - Client Error
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "red")
+        else:  # 5xx, or any other response
+            msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "magenta")
+
+        self.log("info", '"%s" %s %s', msg, code, size)
+
+    def log_error(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.log("error", format, *args)
+
+    def log_message(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
+        self.log("info", format, *args)
+
+    def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
+        # an IPv6 scoped address contains "%" which breaks logging
+        address_string = self.address_string().replace("%", "%%")
+        _log(
+            type,
+            f"{address_string} - - [{self.log_date_time_string()}] {message}\n",
+            *args,
+        )
+
+
+def _ansi_style(value: str, *styles: str) -> str:
+    if not _log_add_style:
+        return value
+
+    codes = {
+        "bold": 1,
+        "red": 31,
+        "green": 32,
+        "yellow": 33,
+        "magenta": 35,
+        "cyan": 36,
+    }
+
+    for style in styles:
+        value = f"\x1b[{codes[style]}m{value}"
+
+    return f"{value}\x1b[0m"
+
+
+def generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(
+    cn: str | None = None,
+) -> tuple[Certificate, RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization]:
+    try:
+        from cryptography import x509
+        from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
+        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
+        from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
+    except ImportError:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Using ad-hoc certificates requires the cryptography library."
+        ) from None
+
+    backend = default_backend()
+    pkey = rsa.generate_private_key(
+        public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048, backend=backend
+    )
+
+    # pretty damn sure that this is not actually accepted by anyone
+    if cn is None:
+        cn = "*"
+
+    subject = x509.Name(
+        [
+            x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, "Dummy Certificate"),
+            x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, cn),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    backend = default_backend()
+    cert = (
+        x509.CertificateBuilder()
+        .subject_name(subject)
+        .issuer_name(subject)
+        .public_key(pkey.public_key())
+        .serial_number(x509.random_serial_number())
+        .not_valid_before(dt.now(timezone.utc))
+        .not_valid_after(dt.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(days=365))
+        .add_extension(x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.OID_SERVER_AUTH]), critical=False)
+        .add_extension(
+            x509.SubjectAlternativeName([x509.DNSName(cn), x509.DNSName(f"*.{cn}")]),
+            critical=False,
+        )
+        .sign(pkey, hashes.SHA256(), backend)
+    )
+    return cert, pkey
+
+
+def make_ssl_devcert(
+    base_path: str, host: str | None = None, cn: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Creates an SSL key for development.  This should be used instead of
+    the ``'adhoc'`` key which generates a new cert on each server start.
+    It accepts a path for where it should store the key and cert and
+    either a host or CN.  If a host is given it will use the CN
+    ``*.host/CN=host``.
+
+    For more information see :func:`run_simple`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    :param base_path: the path to the certificate and key.  The extension
+                      ``.crt`` is added for the certificate, ``.key`` is
+                      added for the key.
+    :param host: the name of the host.  This can be used as an alternative
+                 for the `cn`.
+    :param cn: the `CN` to use.
+    """
+
+    if host is not None:
+        cn = host
+    cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(cn=cn)
+
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+
+    cert_file = f"{base_path}.crt"
+    pkey_file = f"{base_path}.key"
+
+    with open(cert_file, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
+    with open(pkey_file, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(
+            pkey.private_bytes(
+                encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
+                format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
+                encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return cert_file, pkey_file
+
+
+def generate_adhoc_ssl_context() -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    """Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server."""
+    import atexit
+    import tempfile
+
+    cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair()
+
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+
+    cert_handle, cert_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
+    pkey_handle, pkey_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
+    atexit.register(os.remove, pkey_file)
+    atexit.register(os.remove, cert_file)
+
+    os.write(cert_handle, cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
+    os.write(
+        pkey_handle,
+        pkey.private_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
+            format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
+            encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    os.close(cert_handle)
+    os.close(pkey_handle)
+    ctx = load_ssl_context(cert_file, pkey_file)
+    return ctx
+
+
+def load_ssl_context(
+    cert_file: str, pkey_file: str | None = None, protocol: int | None = None
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    """Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol.
+    Many parameters are directly taken from the API of
+    :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
+
+    :param cert_file: Path of the certificate to use.
+    :param pkey_file: Path of the private key to use. If not given, the key
+                      will be obtained from the certificate file.
+    :param protocol: A ``PROTOCOL`` constant from the :mod:`ssl` module.
+        Defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`.
+    """
+    if protocol is None:
+        protocol = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER
+
+    ctx = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
+    ctx.load_cert_chain(cert_file, pkey_file)
+    return ctx
+
+
+def is_ssl_error(error: Exception | None = None) -> bool:
+    """Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error."""
+    if error is None:
+        error = t.cast(Exception, sys.exc_info()[1])
+    return isinstance(error, ssl.SSLError)
+
+
+def select_address_family(host: str, port: int) -> socket.AddressFamily:
+    """Return ``AF_INET4``, ``AF_INET6``, or ``AF_UNIX`` depending on
+    the host and port."""
+    if host.startswith("unix://"):
+        return socket.AF_UNIX
+    elif ":" in host and hasattr(socket, "AF_INET6"):
+        return socket.AF_INET6
+    return socket.AF_INET
+
+
+def get_sockaddr(
+    host: str, port: int, family: socket.AddressFamily
+) -> tuple[str, int] | str:
+    """Return a fully qualified socket address that can be passed to
+    :func:`socket.bind`."""
+    if family == af_unix:
+        # Absolute path avoids IDNA encoding error when path starts with dot.
+        return os.path.abspath(host.partition("://")[2])
+    try:
+        res = socket.getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP
+        )
+    except socket.gaierror:
+        return host, port
+    return res[0][4]  # type: ignore
+
+
+def get_interface_ip(family: socket.AddressFamily) -> str:
+    """Get the IP address of an external interface. Used when binding to
+    0.0.0.0 or ::1 to show a more useful URL.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    # arbitrary private address
+    host = "fd31:f903:5ab5:1::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "10.253.155.219"
+
+    with socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
+        try:
+            s.connect((host, 58162))
+        except OSError:
+            return "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
+
+        return s.getsockname()[0]  # type: ignore
+
+
+class BaseWSGIServer(HTTPServer):
+    """A WSGI server that that handles one request at a time.
+
+    Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
+    """
+
+    multithread = False
+    multiprocess = False
+    request_queue_size = LISTEN_QUEUE
+    allow_reuse_address = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
+        passthrough_errors: bool = False,
+        ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
+        fd: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if handler is None:
+            handler = WSGIRequestHandler
+
+        # If the handler doesn't directly set a protocol version and
+        # thread or process workers are used, then allow chunked
+        # responses and keep-alive connections by enabling HTTP/1.1.
+        if "protocol_version" not in vars(handler) and (
+            self.multithread or self.multiprocess
+        ):
+            handler.protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.app = app
+        self.passthrough_errors = passthrough_errors
+
+        self.address_family = address_family = select_address_family(host, port)
+        server_address = get_sockaddr(host, int(port), address_family)
+
+        # Remove a leftover Unix socket file from a previous run. Don't
+        # remove a file that was set up by run_simple.
+        if address_family == af_unix and fd is None:
+            server_address = t.cast(str, server_address)
+
+            if os.path.exists(server_address):
+                os.unlink(server_address)
+
+        # Bind and activate will be handled manually, it should only
+        # happen if we're not using a socket that was already set up.
+        super().__init__(
+            server_address,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            handler,
+            bind_and_activate=False,
+        )
+
+        if fd is None:
+            # No existing socket descriptor, do bind_and_activate=True.
+            try:
+                self.server_bind()
+                self.server_activate()
+            except OSError as e:
+                # Catch connection issues and show them without the traceback. Show
+                # extra instructions for address not found, and for macOS.
+                self.server_close()
+                print(e.strerror, file=sys.stderr)
+
+                if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
+                    print(
+                        f"Port {port} is in use by another program. Either identify and"
+                        " stop that program, or start the server with a different"
+                        " port.",
+                        file=sys.stderr,
+                    )
+
+                    if sys.platform == "darwin" and port == 5000:
+                        print(
+                            "On macOS, try disabling the 'AirPlay Receiver' service"
+                            " from System Preferences -> General -> AirDrop & Handoff.",
+                            file=sys.stderr,
+                        )
+
+                sys.exit(1)
+            except BaseException:
+                self.server_close()
+                raise
+        else:
+            # TCPServer automatically opens a socket even if bind_and_activate is False.
+            # Close it to silence a ResourceWarning.
+            self.server_close()
+
+            # Use the passed in socket directly.
+            self.socket = socket.fromfd(fd, address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
+
+        if address_family != af_unix:
+            # If port was 0, this will record the bound port.
+            self.port = self.server_address[1]
+
+        if ssl_context is not None:
+            if isinstance(ssl_context, tuple):
+                ssl_context = load_ssl_context(*ssl_context)
+            elif ssl_context == "adhoc":
+                ssl_context = generate_adhoc_ssl_context()
+
+            self.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(self.socket, server_side=True)
+            self.ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ssl_context
+        else:
+            self.ssl_context = None
+
+        import importlib.metadata
+
+        self._server_version = f"Werkzeug/{importlib.metadata.version('werkzeug')}"
+
+    def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
+        _log(type, message, *args)
+
+    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval: float = 0.5) -> None:
+        try:
+            super().serve_forever(poll_interval=poll_interval)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            pass
+        finally:
+            self.server_close()
+
+    def handle_error(
+        self, request: t.Any, client_address: tuple[str, int] | str
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.passthrough_errors:
+            raise
+
+        return super().handle_error(request, client_address)
+
+    def log_startup(self) -> None:
+        """Show information about the address when starting the server."""
+        dev_warning = (
+            "WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production"
+            " deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead."
+        )
+        dev_warning = _ansi_style(dev_warning, "bold", "red")
+        messages = [dev_warning]
+
+        if self.address_family == af_unix:
+            messages.append(f" * Running on {self.host}")
+        else:
+            scheme = "http" if self.ssl_context is None else "https"
+            display_hostname = self.host
+
+            if self.host in {"0.0.0.0", "::"}:
+                messages.append(f" * Running on all addresses ({self.host})")
+
+                if self.host == "0.0.0.0":
+                    localhost = "127.0.0.1"
+                    display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET)
+                else:
+                    localhost = "[::1]"
+                    display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET6)
+
+                messages.append(f" * Running on {scheme}://{localhost}:{self.port}")
+
+            if ":" in display_hostname:
+                display_hostname = f"[{display_hostname}]"
+
+            messages.append(f" * Running on {scheme}://{display_hostname}:{self.port}")
+
+        _log("info", "\n".join(messages))
+
+
+class ThreadedWSGIServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
+    """A WSGI server that handles concurrent requests in separate
+    threads.
+
+    Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
+    """
+
+    multithread = True
+    daemon_threads = True
+
+
+class ForkingWSGIServer(ForkingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):
+    """A WSGI server that handles concurrent requests in separate forked
+    processes.
+
+    Use :func:`make_server` to create a server instance.
+    """
+
+    multiprocess = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        processes: int = 40,
+        handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
+        passthrough_errors: bool = False,
+        ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
+        fd: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not can_fork:
+            raise ValueError("Your platform does not support forking.")
+
+        super().__init__(host, port, app, handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd)
+        self.max_children = processes
+
+
+def make_server(
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    app: WSGIApplication,
+    threaded: bool = False,
+    processes: int = 1,
+    request_handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
+    passthrough_errors: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
+    fd: int | None = None,
+) -> BaseWSGIServer:
+    """Create an appropriate WSGI server instance based on the value of
+    ``threaded`` and ``processes``.
+
+    This is called from :func:`run_simple`, but can be used separately
+    to have access to the server object, such as to run it in a separate
+    thread.
+
+    See :func:`run_simple` for parameter docs.
+    """
+    if threaded and processes > 1:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot have a multi-thread and multi-process server.")
+
+    if threaded:
+        return ThreadedWSGIServer(
+            host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
+        )
+
+    if processes > 1:
+        return ForkingWSGIServer(
+            host,
+            port,
+            app,
+            processes,
+            request_handler,
+            passthrough_errors,
+            ssl_context,
+            fd=fd,
+        )
+
+    return BaseWSGIServer(
+        host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
+    )
+
+
+def is_running_from_reloader() -> bool:
+    """Check if the server is running as a subprocess within the
+    Werkzeug reloader.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    """
+    return os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true"
+
+
+def run_simple(
+    hostname: str,
+    port: int,
+    application: WSGIApplication,
+    use_reloader: bool = False,
+    use_debugger: bool = False,
+    use_evalex: bool = True,
+    extra_files: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    exclude_patterns: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+    reloader_interval: int = 1,
+    reloader_type: str = "auto",
+    threaded: bool = False,
+    processes: int = 1,
+    request_handler: type[WSGIRequestHandler] | None = None,
+    static_files: dict[str, str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    passthrough_errors: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: _TSSLContextArg | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Start a development server for a WSGI application. Various
+    optional features can be enabled.
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        Do not use the development server when deploying to production.
+        It is intended for use only during local development. It is not
+        designed to be particularly efficient, stable, or secure.
+
+    :param hostname: The host to bind to, for example ``'localhost'``.
+        Can be a domain, IPv4 or IPv6 address, or file path starting
+        with ``unix://`` for a Unix socket.
+    :param port: The port to bind to, for example ``8080``. Using ``0``
+        tells the OS to pick a random free port.
+    :param application: The WSGI application to run.
+    :param use_reloader: Use a reloader process to restart the server
+        process when files are changed.
+    :param use_debugger: Use Werkzeug's debugger, which will show
+        formatted tracebacks on unhandled exceptions.
+    :param use_evalex: Make the debugger interactive. A Python terminal
+        can be opened for any frame in the traceback. Some protection is
+        provided by requiring a PIN, but this should never be enabled
+        on a publicly visible server.
+    :param extra_files: The reloader will watch these files for changes
+        in addition to Python modules. For example, watch a
+        configuration file.
+    :param exclude_patterns: The reloader will ignore changes to any
+        files matching these :mod:`fnmatch` patterns. For example,
+        ignore cache files.
+    :param reloader_interval: How often the reloader tries to check for
+        changes.
+    :param reloader_type: The reloader to use. The ``'stat'`` reloader
+        is built in, but may require significant CPU to watch files. The
+        ``'watchdog'`` reloader is much more efficient but requires
+        installing the ``watchdog`` package first.
+    :param threaded: Handle concurrent requests using threads. Cannot be
+        used with ``processes``.
+    :param processes: Handle concurrent requests using up to this number
+        of processes. Cannot be used with ``threaded``.
+    :param request_handler: Use a different
+        :class:`~BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler` subclass to
+        handle requests.
+    :param static_files: A dict mapping URL prefixes to directories to
+        serve static files from using
+        :class:`~werkzeug.middleware.SharedDataMiddleware`.
+    :param passthrough_errors: Don't catch unhandled exceptions at the
+        server level, let the server crash instead. If ``use_debugger``
+        is enabled, the debugger will still catch such errors.
+    :param ssl_context: Configure TLS to serve over HTTPS. Can be an
+        :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object, a ``(cert_file, key_file)``
+        tuple to create a typical context, or the string ``'adhoc'`` to
+        generate a temporary self-signed certificate.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Instructions are shown for dealing with an "address already in
+        use" error.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Running on ``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` shows the loopback IP in
+        addition to a real IP.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        The command-line interface was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Running on ``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` shows a real IP address that
+        was bound as well as a warning not to run the development server
+        in production.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        The ``exclude_patterns`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        Bind to a Unix socket by passing a ``hostname`` that starts with
+        ``unix://``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+        Improved the reloader and added support for changing the backend
+        through the ``reloader_type`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+        A command-line interface was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.8
+        ``ssl_context`` can be a tuple of paths to the certificate and
+        private key files.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+        The ``ssl_context`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+       The ``static_files`` and ``passthrough_errors`` parameters were
+       added.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(port, int):
+        raise TypeError("port must be an integer")
+
+    if static_files:
+        from .middleware.shared_data import SharedDataMiddleware
+
+        application = SharedDataMiddleware(application, static_files)
+
+    if use_debugger:
+        from .debug import DebuggedApplication
+
+        application = DebuggedApplication(application, evalex=use_evalex)
+        # Allow the specified hostname to use the debugger, in addition to
+        # localhost domains.
+        application.trusted_hosts.append(hostname)
+
+    if not is_running_from_reloader():
+        fd = None
+    else:
+        fd = int(os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"])
+
+    srv = make_server(
+        hostname,
+        port,
+        application,
+        threaded,
+        processes,
+        request_handler,
+        passthrough_errors,
+        ssl_context,
+        fd=fd,
+    )
+    srv.socket.set_inheritable(True)
+    os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"] = str(srv.fileno())
+
+    if not is_running_from_reloader():
+        srv.log_startup()
+        _log("info", _ansi_style("Press CTRL+C to quit", "yellow"))
+
+    if use_reloader:
+        from ._reloader import run_with_reloader
+
+        try:
+            run_with_reloader(
+                srv.serve_forever,
+                extra_files=extra_files,
+                exclude_patterns=exclude_patterns,
+                interval=reloader_interval,
+                reloader_type=reloader_type,
+            )
+        finally:
+            srv.server_close()
+    else:
+        srv.serve_forever()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c3c608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1464 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import mimetypes
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from collections import defaultdict
+from datetime import datetime
+from io import BytesIO
+from itertools import chain
+from random import random
+from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+from time import time
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+from urllib.parse import urlunsplit
+
+from ._internal import _get_environ
+from ._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
+from ._internal import _wsgi_encoding_dance
+from .datastructures import Authorization
+from .datastructures import CallbackDict
+from .datastructures import CombinedMultiDict
+from .datastructures import EnvironHeaders
+from .datastructures import FileMultiDict
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .datastructures import MultiDict
+from .http import dump_cookie
+from .http import dump_options_header
+from .http import parse_cookie
+from .http import parse_date
+from .http import parse_options_header
+from .sansio.multipart import Data
+from .sansio.multipart import Epilogue
+from .sansio.multipart import Field
+from .sansio.multipart import File
+from .sansio.multipart import MultipartEncoder
+from .sansio.multipart import Preamble
+from .urls import _urlencode
+from .urls import iri_to_uri
+from .utils import cached_property
+from .utils import get_content_type
+from .wrappers.request import Request
+from .wrappers.response import Response
+from .wsgi import ClosingIterator
+from .wsgi import get_current_url
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+def stream_encode_multipart(
+    data: t.Mapping[str, t.Any],
+    use_tempfile: bool = True,
+    threshold: int = 1024 * 500,
+    boundary: str | None = None,
+) -> tuple[t.IO[bytes], int, str]:
+    """Encode a dict of values (either strings or file descriptors or
+    :class:`FileStorage` objects.) into a multipart encoded string stored
+    in a file descriptor.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` parameter was removed.
+    """
+    if boundary is None:
+        boundary = f"---------------WerkzeugFormPart_{time()}{random()}"
+
+    stream: t.IO[bytes] = BytesIO()
+    total_length = 0
+    on_disk = False
+    write_binary: t.Callable[[bytes], int]
+
+    if use_tempfile:
+
+        def write_binary(s: bytes) -> int:
+            nonlocal stream, total_length, on_disk
+
+            if on_disk:
+                return stream.write(s)
+            else:
+                length = len(s)
+
+                if length + total_length <= threshold:
+                    stream.write(s)
+                else:
+                    new_stream = t.cast(t.IO[bytes], TemporaryFile("wb+"))
+                    new_stream.write(stream.getvalue())  # type: ignore
+                    new_stream.write(s)
+                    stream = new_stream
+                    on_disk = True
+
+                total_length += length
+                return length
+
+    else:
+        write_binary = stream.write
+
+    encoder = MultipartEncoder(boundary.encode())
+    write_binary(encoder.send_event(Preamble(data=b"")))
+    for key, value in _iter_data(data):
+        reader = getattr(value, "read", None)
+        if reader is not None:
+            filename = getattr(value, "filename", getattr(value, "name", None))
+            content_type = getattr(value, "content_type", None)
+            if content_type is None:
+                content_type = (
+                    filename
+                    and mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]
+                    or "application/octet-stream"
+                )
+            headers = value.headers
+            headers.update([("Content-Type", content_type)])
+            if filename is None:
+                write_binary(encoder.send_event(Field(name=key, headers=headers)))
+            else:
+                write_binary(
+                    encoder.send_event(
+                        File(name=key, filename=filename, headers=headers)
+                    )
+                )
+            while True:
+                chunk = reader(16384)
+
+                if not chunk:
+                    write_binary(encoder.send_event(Data(data=chunk, more_data=False)))
+                    break
+
+                write_binary(encoder.send_event(Data(data=chunk, more_data=True)))
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(value, str):
+                value = str(value)
+            write_binary(encoder.send_event(Field(name=key, headers=Headers())))
+            write_binary(encoder.send_event(Data(data=value.encode(), more_data=False)))
+
+    write_binary(encoder.send_event(Epilogue(data=b"")))
+
+    length = stream.tell()
+    stream.seek(0)
+    return stream, length, boundary
+
+
+def encode_multipart(
+    values: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], boundary: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, bytes]:
+    """Like `stream_encode_multipart` but returns a tuple in the form
+    (``boundary``, ``data``) where data is bytes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` parameter was removed.
+    """
+    stream, length, boundary = stream_encode_multipart(
+        values, use_tempfile=False, boundary=boundary
+    )
+    return boundary, stream.read()
+
+
+def _iter_data(data: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) -> t.Iterator[tuple[str, t.Any]]:
+    """Iterate over a mapping that might have a list of values, yielding
+    all key, value pairs. Almost like iter_multi_items but only allows
+    lists, not tuples, of values so tuples can be used for files.
+    """
+    if isinstance(data, MultiDict):
+        yield from data.items(multi=True)
+    else:
+        for key, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                for v in value:
+                    yield key, v
+            else:
+                yield key, value
+
+
+_TAnyMultiDict = t.TypeVar("_TAnyMultiDict", bound="MultiDict[t.Any, t.Any]")
+
+
+class EnvironBuilder:
+    """This class can be used to conveniently create a WSGI environment
+    for testing purposes.  It can be used to quickly create WSGI environments
+    or request objects from arbitrary data.
+
+    The signature of this class is also used in some other places as of
+    Werkzeug 0.5 (:func:`create_environ`, :meth:`Response.from_values`,
+    :meth:`Client.open`).  Because of this most of the functionality is
+    available through the constructor alone.
+
+    Files and regular form data can be manipulated independently of each
+    other with the :attr:`form` and :attr:`files` attributes, but are
+    passed with the same argument to the constructor: `data`.
+
+    `data` can be any of these values:
+
+    -   a `str` or `bytes` object: The object is converted into an
+        :attr:`input_stream`, the :attr:`content_length` is set and you have to
+        provide a :attr:`content_type`.
+    -   a `dict` or :class:`MultiDict`: The keys have to be strings. The values
+        have to be either any of the following objects, or a list of any of the
+        following objects:
+
+        -   a :class:`file`-like object:  These are converted into
+            :class:`FileStorage` objects automatically.
+        -   a `tuple`:  The :meth:`~FileMultiDict.add_file` method is called
+            with the key and the unpacked `tuple` items as positional
+            arguments.
+        -   a `str`:  The string is set as form data for the associated key.
+    -   a file-like object: The object content is loaded in memory and then
+        handled like a regular `str` or a `bytes`.
+
+    :param path: the path of the request.  In the WSGI environment this will
+                 end up as `PATH_INFO`.  If the `query_string` is not defined
+                 and there is a question mark in the `path` everything after
+                 it is used as query string.
+    :param base_url: the base URL is a URL that is used to extract the WSGI
+                     URL scheme, host (server name + server port) and the
+                     script root (`SCRIPT_NAME`).
+    :param query_string: an optional string or dict with URL parameters.
+    :param method: the HTTP method to use, defaults to `GET`.
+    :param input_stream: an optional input stream.  Do not specify this and
+                         `data`.  As soon as an input stream is set you can't
+                         modify :attr:`args` and :attr:`files` unless you
+                         set the :attr:`input_stream` to `None` again.
+    :param content_type: The content type for the request.  As of 0.5 you
+                         don't have to provide this when specifying files
+                         and form data via `data`.
+    :param content_length: The content length for the request.  You don't
+                           have to specify this when providing data via
+                           `data`.
+    :param errors_stream: an optional error stream that is used for
+                          `wsgi.errors`.  Defaults to :data:`stderr`.
+    :param multithread: controls `wsgi.multithread`.  Defaults to `False`.
+    :param multiprocess: controls `wsgi.multiprocess`.  Defaults to `False`.
+    :param run_once: controls `wsgi.run_once`.  Defaults to `False`.
+    :param headers: an optional list or :class:`Headers` object of headers.
+    :param data: a string or dict of form data or a file-object.
+                 See explanation above.
+    :param json: An object to be serialized and assigned to ``data``.
+        Defaults the content type to ``"application/json"``.
+        Serialized with the function assigned to :attr:`json_dumps`.
+    :param environ_base: an optional dict of environment defaults.
+    :param environ_overrides: an optional dict of environment overrides.
+    :param auth: An authorization object to use for the
+        ``Authorization`` header value. A ``(username, password)`` tuple
+        is a shortcut for ``Basic`` authorization.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` parameter was removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        ``CONTENT_TYPE`` and ``CONTENT_LENGTH`` are not duplicated as
+        header keys in the environ.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``REQUEST_URI`` and ``RAW_URI`` is the full raw URI including
+        the query string, not only the path.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        The default :attr:`request_class` is ``Request`` instead of
+        ``BaseRequest``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+       Added the ``auth`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        The ``json`` param and :meth:`json_dumps` method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        The environ has keys ``REQUEST_URI`` and ``RAW_URI`` containing
+        the path before percent-decoding. This is not part of the WSGI
+        PEP, but many WSGI servers include it.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+       ``path`` and ``base_url`` can now be unicode strings that are
+       encoded with :func:`iri_to_uri`.
+    """
+
+    #: the server protocol to use.  defaults to HTTP/1.1
+    server_protocol = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    #: the wsgi version to use.  defaults to (1, 0)
+    wsgi_version = (1, 0)
+
+    #: The default request class used by :meth:`get_request`.
+    request_class = Request
+
+    import json
+
+    #: The serialization function used when ``json`` is passed.
+    json_dumps = staticmethod(json.dumps)
+    del json
+
+    _args: MultiDict[str, str] | None
+    _query_string: str | None
+    _input_stream: t.IO[bytes] | None
+    _form: MultiDict[str, str] | None
+    _files: FileMultiDict | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str = "/",
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        query_string: t.Mapping[str, str] | str | None = None,
+        method: str = "GET",
+        input_stream: t.IO[bytes] | None = None,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        content_length: int | None = None,
+        errors_stream: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+        multithread: bool = False,
+        multiprocess: bool = False,
+        run_once: bool = False,
+        headers: Headers | t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        data: None | (t.IO[bytes] | str | bytes | t.Mapping[str, t.Any]) = None,
+        environ_base: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        environ_overrides: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        mimetype: str | None = None,
+        json: t.Mapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        auth: Authorization | tuple[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if query_string is not None and "?" in path:
+            raise ValueError("Query string is defined in the path and as an argument")
+        request_uri = urlsplit(path)
+        if query_string is None and "?" in path:
+            query_string = request_uri.query
+
+        self.path = iri_to_uri(request_uri.path)
+        self.request_uri = path
+        if base_url is not None:
+            base_url = iri_to_uri(base_url)
+        self.base_url = base_url  # type: ignore
+        if isinstance(query_string, str):
+            self.query_string = query_string
+        else:
+            if query_string is None:
+                query_string = MultiDict()
+            elif not isinstance(query_string, MultiDict):
+                query_string = MultiDict(query_string)
+            self.args = query_string
+        self.method = method
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers()
+        elif not isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            headers = Headers(headers)
+        self.headers = headers
+        if content_type is not None:
+            self.content_type = content_type
+        if errors_stream is None:
+            errors_stream = sys.stderr
+        self.errors_stream = errors_stream
+        self.multithread = multithread
+        self.multiprocess = multiprocess
+        self.run_once = run_once
+        self.environ_base = environ_base
+        self.environ_overrides = environ_overrides
+        self.input_stream = input_stream
+        self.content_length = content_length
+        self.closed = False
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            if isinstance(auth, tuple):
+                auth = Authorization(
+                    "basic", {"username": auth[0], "password": auth[1]}
+                )
+
+            self.headers.set("Authorization", auth.to_header())
+
+        if json is not None:
+            if data is not None:
+                raise TypeError("can't provide both json and data")
+
+            data = self.json_dumps(json)
+
+            if self.content_type is None:
+                self.content_type = "application/json"
+
+        if data:
+            if input_stream is not None:
+                raise TypeError("can't provide input stream and data")
+            if hasattr(data, "read"):
+                data = data.read()
+            if isinstance(data, str):
+                data = data.encode()
+            if isinstance(data, bytes):
+                self.input_stream = BytesIO(data)
+                if self.content_length is None:
+                    self.content_length = len(data)
+            else:
+                for key, value in _iter_data(data):
+                    if isinstance(value, (tuple, dict)) or hasattr(value, "read"):
+                        self._add_file_from_data(key, value)
+                    else:
+                        self.form.setlistdefault(key).append(value)
+
+        if mimetype is not None:
+            self.mimetype = mimetype
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_environ(cls, environ: WSGIEnvironment, **kwargs: t.Any) -> EnvironBuilder:
+        """Turn an environ dict back into a builder. Any extra kwargs
+        override the args extracted from the environ.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Path and query values are passed through the WSGI decoding
+            dance to avoid double encoding.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.15
+        """
+        headers = Headers(EnvironHeaders(environ))
+        out = {
+            "path": _wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["PATH_INFO"]),
+            "base_url": cls._make_base_url(
+                environ["wsgi.url_scheme"],
+                headers.pop("Host"),
+                _wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["SCRIPT_NAME"]),
+            ),
+            "query_string": _wsgi_decoding_dance(environ["QUERY_STRING"]),
+            "method": environ["REQUEST_METHOD"],
+            "input_stream": environ["wsgi.input"],
+            "content_type": headers.pop("Content-Type", None),
+            "content_length": headers.pop("Content-Length", None),
+            "errors_stream": environ["wsgi.errors"],
+            "multithread": environ["wsgi.multithread"],
+            "multiprocess": environ["wsgi.multiprocess"],
+            "run_once": environ["wsgi.run_once"],
+            "headers": headers,
+        }
+        out.update(kwargs)
+        return cls(**out)
+
+    def _add_file_from_data(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: (t.IO[bytes] | tuple[t.IO[bytes], str] | tuple[t.IO[bytes], str, str]),
+    ) -> None:
+        """Called in the EnvironBuilder to add files from the data dict."""
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            self.files.add_file(key, *value)
+        else:
+            self.files.add_file(key, value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_base_url(scheme: str, host: str, script_root: str) -> str:
+        return urlunsplit((scheme, host, script_root, "", "")).rstrip("/") + "/"
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> str:
+        """The base URL is used to extract the URL scheme, host name,
+        port, and root path.
+        """
+        return self._make_base_url(self.url_scheme, self.host, self.script_root)
+
+    @base_url.setter
+    def base_url(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        if value is None:
+            scheme = "http"
+            netloc = "localhost"
+            script_root = ""
+        else:
+            scheme, netloc, script_root, qs, anchor = urlsplit(value)
+            if qs or anchor:
+                raise ValueError("base url must not contain a query string or fragment")
+        self.script_root = script_root.rstrip("/")
+        self.host = netloc
+        self.url_scheme = scheme
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """The content type for the request.  Reflected from and to
+        the :attr:`headers`.  Do not set if you set :attr:`files` or
+        :attr:`form` for auto detection.
+        """
+        ct = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+        if ct is None and not self._input_stream:
+            if self._files:
+                return "multipart/form-data"
+            if self._form:
+                return "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+            return None
+        return ct
+
+    @content_type.setter
+    def content_type(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        if value is None:
+            self.headers.pop("Content-Type", None)
+        else:
+            self.headers["Content-Type"] = value
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype(self) -> str | None:
+        """The mimetype (content type without charset etc.)
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.14
+        """
+        ct = self.content_type
+        return ct.split(";")[0].strip() if ct else None
+
+    @mimetype.setter
+    def mimetype(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.content_type = get_content_type(value, "utf-8")
+
+    @property
+    def mimetype_params(self) -> t.Mapping[str, str]:
+        """The mimetype parameters as dict.  For example if the
+        content type is ``text/html; charset=utf-8`` the params would be
+        ``{'charset': 'utf-8'}``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.14
+        """
+
+        def on_update(d: CallbackDict[str, str]) -> None:
+            self.headers["Content-Type"] = dump_options_header(self.mimetype, d)
+
+        d = parse_options_header(self.headers.get("content-type", ""))[1]
+        return CallbackDict(d, on_update)
+
+    @property
+    def content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """The content length as integer.  Reflected from and to the
+        :attr:`headers`.  Do not set if you set :attr:`files` or
+        :attr:`form` for auto detection.
+        """
+        return self.headers.get("Content-Length", type=int)
+
+    @content_length.setter
+    def content_length(self, value: int | None) -> None:
+        if value is None:
+            self.headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
+        else:
+            self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(value)
+
+    def _get_form(self, name: str, storage: type[_TAnyMultiDict]) -> _TAnyMultiDict:
+        """Common behavior for getting the :attr:`form` and
+        :attr:`files` properties.
+
+        :param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.
+        :param storage: Storage class used for the data.
+        """
+        if self.input_stream is not None:
+            raise AttributeError("an input stream is defined")
+
+        rv = getattr(self, name)
+
+        if rv is None:
+            rv = storage()
+            setattr(self, name, rv)
+
+        return rv  # type: ignore
+
+    def _set_form(self, name: str, value: MultiDict[str, t.Any]) -> None:
+        """Common behavior for setting the :attr:`form` and
+        :attr:`files` properties.
+
+        :param name: Name of the internal cached attribute.
+        :param value: Value to assign to the attribute.
+        """
+        self._input_stream = None
+        setattr(self, name, value)
+
+    @property
+    def form(self) -> MultiDict[str, str]:
+        """A :class:`MultiDict` of form values."""
+        return self._get_form("_form", MultiDict)
+
+    @form.setter
+    def form(self, value: MultiDict[str, str]) -> None:
+        self._set_form("_form", value)
+
+    @property
+    def files(self) -> FileMultiDict:
+        """A :class:`FileMultiDict` of uploaded files. Use
+        :meth:`~FileMultiDict.add_file` to add new files.
+        """
+        return self._get_form("_files", FileMultiDict)
+
+    @files.setter
+    def files(self, value: FileMultiDict) -> None:
+        self._set_form("_files", value)
+
+    @property
+    def input_stream(self) -> t.IO[bytes] | None:
+        """An optional input stream. This is mutually exclusive with
+        setting :attr:`form` and :attr:`files`, setting it will clear
+        those. Do not provide this if the method is not ``POST`` or
+        another method that has a body.
+        """
+        return self._input_stream
+
+    @input_stream.setter
+    def input_stream(self, value: t.IO[bytes] | None) -> None:
+        self._input_stream = value
+        self._form = None
+        self._files = None
+
+    @property
+    def query_string(self) -> str:
+        """The query string.  If you set this to a string
+        :attr:`args` will no longer be available.
+        """
+        if self._query_string is None:
+            if self._args is not None:
+                return _urlencode(self._args)
+            return ""
+        return self._query_string
+
+    @query_string.setter
+    def query_string(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        self._query_string = value
+        self._args = None
+
+    @property
+    def args(self) -> MultiDict[str, str]:
+        """The URL arguments as :class:`MultiDict`."""
+        if self._query_string is not None:
+            raise AttributeError("a query string is defined")
+        if self._args is None:
+            self._args = MultiDict()
+        return self._args
+
+    @args.setter
+    def args(self, value: MultiDict[str, str] | None) -> None:
+        self._query_string = None
+        self._args = value
+
+    @property
+    def server_name(self) -> str:
+        """The server name (read-only, use :attr:`host` to set)"""
+        return self.host.split(":", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def server_port(self) -> int:
+        """The server port as integer (read-only, use :attr:`host` to set)"""
+        pieces = self.host.split(":", 1)
+
+        if len(pieces) == 2:
+            try:
+                return int(pieces[1])
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        if self.url_scheme == "https":
+            return 443
+        return 80
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.close()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes all files.  If you put real :class:`file` objects into the
+        :attr:`files` dict you can call this method to automatically close
+        them all in one go.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        try:
+            files = self.files.values()
+        except AttributeError:
+            files = ()
+        for f in files:
+            try:
+                f.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def get_environ(self) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+        """Return the built environ.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+            The content type and length headers are set based on
+            input stream detection. Previously this only set the WSGI
+            keys.
+        """
+        input_stream = self.input_stream
+        content_length = self.content_length
+
+        mimetype = self.mimetype
+        content_type = self.content_type
+
+        if input_stream is not None:
+            start_pos = input_stream.tell()
+            input_stream.seek(0, 2)
+            end_pos = input_stream.tell()
+            input_stream.seek(start_pos)
+            content_length = end_pos - start_pos
+        elif mimetype == "multipart/form-data":
+            input_stream, content_length, boundary = stream_encode_multipart(
+                CombinedMultiDict([self.form, self.files])
+            )
+            content_type = f'{mimetype}; boundary="{boundary}"'
+        elif mimetype == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded":
+            form_encoded = _urlencode(self.form).encode("ascii")
+            content_length = len(form_encoded)
+            input_stream = BytesIO(form_encoded)
+        else:
+            input_stream = BytesIO()
+
+        result: WSGIEnvironment = {}
+        if self.environ_base:
+            result.update(self.environ_base)
+
+        def _path_encode(x: str) -> str:
+            return _wsgi_encoding_dance(unquote(x))
+
+        raw_uri = _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.request_uri)
+        result.update(
+            {
+                "REQUEST_METHOD": self.method,
+                "SCRIPT_NAME": _path_encode(self.script_root),
+                "PATH_INFO": _path_encode(self.path),
+                "QUERY_STRING": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.query_string),
+                # Non-standard, added by mod_wsgi, uWSGI
+                "REQUEST_URI": raw_uri,
+                # Non-standard, added by gunicorn
+                "RAW_URI": raw_uri,
+                "SERVER_NAME": self.server_name,
+                "SERVER_PORT": str(self.server_port),
+                "HTTP_HOST": self.host,
+                "SERVER_PROTOCOL": self.server_protocol,
+                "wsgi.version": self.wsgi_version,
+                "wsgi.url_scheme": self.url_scheme,
+                "wsgi.input": input_stream,
+                "wsgi.errors": self.errors_stream,
+                "wsgi.multithread": self.multithread,
+                "wsgi.multiprocess": self.multiprocess,
+                "wsgi.run_once": self.run_once,
+            }
+        )
+
+        headers = self.headers.copy()
+        # Don't send these as headers, they're part of the environ.
+        headers.remove("Content-Type")
+        headers.remove("Content-Length")
+
+        if content_type is not None:
+            result["CONTENT_TYPE"] = content_type
+
+        if content_length is not None:
+            result["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = str(content_length)
+
+        combined_headers = defaultdict(list)
+
+        for key, value in headers.to_wsgi_list():
+            combined_headers[f"HTTP_{key.upper().replace('-', '_')}"].append(value)
+
+        for key, values in combined_headers.items():
+            result[key] = ", ".join(values)
+
+        if self.environ_overrides:
+            result.update(self.environ_overrides)
+
+        return result
+
+    def get_request(self, cls: type[Request] | None = None) -> Request:
+        """Returns a request with the data.  If the request class is not
+        specified :attr:`request_class` is used.
+
+        :param cls: The request wrapper to use.
+        """
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = self.request_class
+
+        return cls(self.get_environ())
+
+
+class ClientRedirectError(Exception):
+    """If a redirect loop is detected when using follow_redirects=True with
+    the :cls:`Client`, then this exception is raised.
+    """
+
+
+class Client:
+    """Simulate sending requests to a WSGI application without running a WSGI or HTTP
+    server.
+
+    :param application: The WSGI application to make requests to.
+    :param response_wrapper: A :class:`.Response` class to wrap response data with.
+        Defaults to :class:`.TestResponse`. If it's not a subclass of ``TestResponse``,
+        one will be created.
+    :param use_cookies: Persist cookies from ``Set-Cookie`` response headers to the
+        ``Cookie`` header in subsequent requests. Domain and path matching is supported,
+        but other cookie parameters are ignored.
+    :param allow_subdomain_redirects: Allow requests to follow redirects to subdomains.
+        Enable this if the application handles subdomains and redirects between them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Simplify cookie implementation, support domain and path matching.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        All data is available as properties on the returned response object. The
+        response cannot be returned as a tuple.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``response_wrapper`` is always a subclass of :class:``TestResponse``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        Added the ``use_cookies`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        application: WSGIApplication,
+        response_wrapper: type[Response] | None = None,
+        use_cookies: bool = True,
+        allow_subdomain_redirects: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.application = application
+
+        if response_wrapper in {None, Response}:
+            response_wrapper = TestResponse
+        elif response_wrapper is not None and not issubclass(
+            response_wrapper, TestResponse
+        ):
+            response_wrapper = type(
+                "WrapperTestResponse",
+                (TestResponse, response_wrapper),
+                {},
+            )
+
+        self.response_wrapper = t.cast(type["TestResponse"], response_wrapper)
+
+        if use_cookies:
+            self._cookies: dict[tuple[str, str, str], Cookie] | None = {}
+        else:
+            self._cookies = None
+
+        self.allow_subdomain_redirects = allow_subdomain_redirects
+
+    def get_cookie(
+        self, key: str, domain: str = "localhost", path: str = "/"
+    ) -> Cookie | None:
+        """Return a :class:`.Cookie` if it exists. Cookies are uniquely identified by
+        ``(domain, path, key)``.
+
+        :param key: The decoded form of the key for the cookie.
+        :param domain: The domain the cookie was set for.
+        :param path: The path the cookie was set for.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cookies are disabled. Create a client with 'use_cookies=True'."
+            )
+
+        return self._cookies.get((domain, path, key))
+
+    def set_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str = "",
+        *,
+        domain: str = "localhost",
+        origin_only: bool = True,
+        path: str = "/",
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a cookie to be sent in subsequent requests.
+
+        This is a convenience to skip making a test request to a route that would set
+        the cookie. To test the cookie, make a test request to a route that uses the
+        cookie value.
+
+        The client uses ``domain``, ``origin_only``, and ``path`` to determine which
+        cookies to send with a request. It does not use other cookie parameters that
+        browsers use, since they're not applicable in tests.
+
+        :param key: The key part of the cookie.
+        :param value: The value part of the cookie.
+        :param domain: Send this cookie with requests that match this domain. If
+            ``origin_only`` is true, it must be an exact match, otherwise it may be a
+            suffix match.
+        :param origin_only: Whether the domain must be an exact match to the request.
+        :param path: Send this cookie with requests that match this path either exactly
+            or as a prefix.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to :func:`.dump_cookie`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The parameter ``server_name`` is removed. The first parameter is
+            ``key``. Use the ``domain`` and ``origin_only`` parameters instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            The ``origin_only`` parameter was added.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            The ``domain`` parameter defaults to ``localhost``.
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cookies are disabled. Create a client with 'use_cookies=True'."
+            )
+
+        cookie = Cookie._from_response_header(
+            domain, "/", dump_cookie(key, value, domain=domain, path=path, **kwargs)
+        )
+        cookie.origin_only = origin_only
+
+        if cookie._should_delete:
+            self._cookies.pop(cookie._storage_key, None)
+        else:
+            self._cookies[cookie._storage_key] = cookie
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        *,
+        domain: str = "localhost",
+        path: str = "/",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Delete a cookie if it exists. Cookies are uniquely identified by
+        ``(domain, path, key)``.
+
+        :param key: The decoded form of the key for the cookie.
+        :param domain: The domain the cookie was set for.
+        :param path: The path the cookie was set for.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The ``server_name`` parameter is removed. The first parameter is
+            ``key``. Use the ``domain`` parameter instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The ``secure``, ``httponly`` and ``samesite`` parameters are removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            The ``domain`` parameter defaults to ``localhost``.
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cookies are disabled. Create a client with 'use_cookies=True'."
+            )
+
+        self._cookies.pop((domain, path, key), None)
+
+    def _add_cookies_to_wsgi(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> None:
+        """If cookies are enabled, set the ``Cookie`` header in the environ to the
+        cookies that are applicable to the request host and path.
+
+        :meta private:
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            return
+
+        url = urlsplit(get_current_url(environ))
+        server_name = url.hostname or "localhost"
+        value = "; ".join(
+            c._to_request_header()
+            for c in self._cookies.values()
+            if c._matches_request(server_name, url.path)
+        )
+
+        if value:
+            environ["HTTP_COOKIE"] = value
+        else:
+            environ.pop("HTTP_COOKIE", None)
+
+    def _update_cookies_from_response(
+        self, server_name: str, path: str, headers: list[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """If cookies are enabled, update the stored cookies from any ``Set-Cookie``
+        headers in the response.
+
+        :meta private:
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            return
+
+        for header in headers:
+            cookie = Cookie._from_response_header(server_name, path, header)
+
+            if cookie._should_delete:
+                self._cookies.pop(cookie._storage_key, None)
+            else:
+                self._cookies[cookie._storage_key] = cookie
+
+    def run_wsgi_app(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, buffered: bool = False
+    ) -> tuple[t.Iterable[bytes], str, Headers]:
+        """Runs the wrapped WSGI app with the given environment.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        self._add_cookies_to_wsgi(environ)
+        rv = run_wsgi_app(self.application, environ, buffered=buffered)
+        url = urlsplit(get_current_url(environ))
+        self._update_cookies_from_response(
+            url.hostname or "localhost", url.path, rv[2].getlist("Set-Cookie")
+        )
+        return rv
+
+    def resolve_redirect(
+        self, response: TestResponse, buffered: bool = False
+    ) -> TestResponse:
+        """Perform a new request to the location given by the redirect
+        response to the previous request.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, qs, anchor = urlsplit(response.location)
+        builder = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(
+            response.request.environ, path=path, query_string=qs
+        )
+
+        to_name_parts = netloc.split(":", 1)[0].split(".")
+        from_name_parts = builder.server_name.split(".")
+
+        if to_name_parts != [""]:
+            # The new location has a host, use it for the base URL.
+            builder.url_scheme = scheme
+            builder.host = netloc
+        else:
+            # A local redirect with autocorrect_location_header=False
+            # doesn't have a host, so use the request's host.
+            to_name_parts = from_name_parts
+
+        # Explain why a redirect to a different server name won't be followed.
+        if to_name_parts != from_name_parts:
+            if to_name_parts[-len(from_name_parts) :] == from_name_parts:
+                if not self.allow_subdomain_redirects:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Following subdomain redirects is not enabled.")
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError("Following external redirects is not supported.")
+
+        path_parts = path.split("/")
+        root_parts = builder.script_root.split("/")
+
+        if path_parts[: len(root_parts)] == root_parts:
+            # Strip the script root from the path.
+            builder.path = path[len(builder.script_root) :]
+        else:
+            # The new location is not under the script root, so use the
+            # whole path and clear the previous root.
+            builder.path = path
+            builder.script_root = ""
+
+        # Only 307 and 308 preserve all of the original request.
+        if response.status_code not in {307, 308}:
+            # HEAD is preserved, everything else becomes GET.
+            if builder.method != "HEAD":
+                builder.method = "GET"
+
+            # Clear the body and the headers that describe it.
+
+            if builder.input_stream is not None:
+                builder.input_stream.close()
+                builder.input_stream = None
+
+            builder.content_type = None
+            builder.content_length = None
+            builder.headers.pop("Transfer-Encoding", None)
+
+        return self.open(builder, buffered=buffered)
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        *args: t.Any,
+        buffered: bool = False,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> TestResponse:
+        """Generate an environ dict from the given arguments, make a
+        request to the application using it, and return the response.
+
+        :param args: Passed to :class:`EnvironBuilder` to create the
+            environ for the request. If a single arg is passed, it can
+            be an existing :class:`EnvironBuilder` or an environ dict.
+        :param buffered: Convert the iterator returned by the app into
+            a list. If the iterator has a ``close()`` method, it is
+            called automatically.
+        :param follow_redirects: Make additional requests to follow HTTP
+            redirects until a non-redirect status is returned.
+            :attr:`TestResponse.history` lists the intermediate
+            responses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Removed the ``as_tuple`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The request input stream is closed when calling
+            ``response.close()``. Input streams for redirects are
+            automatically closed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+            If a dict is provided as file in the dict for the ``data``
+            parameter the content type has to be called ``content_type``
+            instead of ``mimetype``. This change was made for
+            consistency with :class:`werkzeug.FileWrapper`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+            Added the ``follow_redirects`` parameter.
+        """
+        request: Request | None = None
+
+        if not kwargs and len(args) == 1:
+            arg = args[0]
+
+            if isinstance(arg, EnvironBuilder):
+                request = arg.get_request()
+            elif isinstance(arg, dict):
+                request = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(arg).get_request()
+            elif isinstance(arg, Request):
+                request = arg
+
+        if request is None:
+            builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            try:
+                request = builder.get_request()
+            finally:
+                builder.close()
+
+        response_parts = self.run_wsgi_app(request.environ, buffered=buffered)
+        response = self.response_wrapper(*response_parts, request=request)
+
+        redirects = set()
+        history: list[TestResponse] = []
+
+        if not follow_redirects:
+            return response
+
+        while response.status_code in {
+            301,
+            302,
+            303,
+            305,
+            307,
+            308,
+        }:
+            # Exhaust intermediate response bodies to ensure middleware
+            # that returns an iterator runs any cleanup code.
+            if not buffered:
+                response.make_sequence()
+                response.close()
+
+            new_redirect_entry = (response.location, response.status_code)
+
+            if new_redirect_entry in redirects:
+                raise ClientRedirectError(
+                    f"Loop detected: A {response.status_code} redirect"
+                    f" to {response.location} was already made."
+                )
+
+            redirects.add(new_redirect_entry)
+            response.history = tuple(history)
+            history.append(response)
+            response = self.resolve_redirect(response, buffered=buffered)
+        else:
+            # This is the final request after redirects.
+            response.history = tuple(history)
+            # Close the input stream when closing the response, in case
+            # the input is an open temporary file.
+            response.call_on_close(request.input_stream.close)
+            return response
+
+    def get(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``GET``."""
+        kw["method"] = "GET"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def post(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``POST``."""
+        kw["method"] = "POST"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def put(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``PUT``."""
+        kw["method"] = "PUT"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def delete(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``DELETE``."""
+        kw["method"] = "DELETE"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def patch(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``PATCH``."""
+        kw["method"] = "PATCH"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def options(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``OPTIONS``."""
+        kw["method"] = "OPTIONS"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def head(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``HEAD``."""
+        kw["method"] = "HEAD"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def trace(self, *args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> TestResponse:
+        """Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``TRACE``."""
+        kw["method"] = "TRACE"
+        return self.open(*args, **kw)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.application!r}>"
+
+
+def create_environ(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+    """Create a new WSGI environ dict based on the values passed.  The first
+    parameter should be the path of the request which defaults to '/'.  The
+    second one can either be an absolute path (in that case the host is
+    localhost:80) or a full path to the request with scheme, netloc port and
+    the path to the script.
+
+    This accepts the same arguments as the :class:`EnvironBuilder`
+    constructor.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+       This function is now a thin wrapper over :class:`EnvironBuilder` which
+       was added in 0.5.  The `headers`, `environ_base`, `environ_overrides`
+       and `charset` parameters were added.
+    """
+    builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    try:
+        return builder.get_environ()
+    finally:
+        builder.close()
+
+
+def run_wsgi_app(
+    app: WSGIApplication, environ: WSGIEnvironment, buffered: bool = False
+) -> tuple[t.Iterable[bytes], str, Headers]:
+    """Return a tuple in the form (app_iter, status, headers) of the
+    application output.  This works best if you pass it an application that
+    returns an iterator all the time.
+
+    Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable returned
+    by the `start_response` function.  This tries to resolve such edge
+    cases automatically.  But if you don't get the expected output you
+    should set `buffered` to `True` which enforces buffering.
+
+    If passed an invalid WSGI application the behavior of this function is
+    undefined.  Never pass non-conforming WSGI applications to this function.
+
+    :param app: the application to execute.
+    :param buffered: set to `True` to enforce buffering.
+    :return: tuple in the form ``(app_iter, status, headers)``
+    """
+    # Copy environ to ensure any mutations by the app (ProxyFix, for
+    # example) don't affect subsequent requests (such as redirects).
+    environ = _get_environ(environ).copy()
+    status: str
+    response: tuple[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] | None = None
+    buffer: list[bytes] = []
+
+    def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):  # type: ignore
+        nonlocal response
+
+        if exc_info:
+            try:
+                raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+            finally:
+                exc_info = None
+
+        response = (status, headers)
+        return buffer.append
+
+    app_rv = app(environ, start_response)
+    close_func = getattr(app_rv, "close", None)
+    app_iter: t.Iterable[bytes] = iter(app_rv)
+
+    # when buffering we emit the close call early and convert the
+    # application iterator into a regular list
+    if buffered:
+        try:
+            app_iter = list(app_iter)
+        finally:
+            if close_func is not None:
+                close_func()
+
+    # otherwise we iterate the application iter until we have a response, chain
+    # the already received data with the already collected data and wrap it in
+    # a new `ClosingIterator` if we need to restore a `close` callable from the
+    # original return value.
+    else:
+        for item in app_iter:
+            buffer.append(item)
+
+            if response is not None:
+                break
+
+        if buffer:
+            app_iter = chain(buffer, app_iter)
+
+        if close_func is not None and app_iter is not app_rv:
+            app_iter = ClosingIterator(app_iter, close_func)
+
+    status, headers = response  # type: ignore
+    return app_iter, status, Headers(headers)
+
+
+class TestResponse(Response):
+    """:class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` subclass that provides extra
+    information about requests made with the test :class:`Client`.
+
+    Test client requests will always return an instance of this class.
+    If a custom response class is passed to the client, it is
+    subclassed along with this to support test information.
+
+    If the test request included large files, or if the application is
+    serving a file, call :meth:`close` to close any open files and
+    prevent Python showing a ``ResourceWarning``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+        Set the ``default_mimetype`` to None to prevent a mimetype being
+        assumed if missing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Response instances cannot be treated as tuples.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        Test client methods always return instances of this class.
+    """
+
+    default_mimetype = None
+    # Don't assume a mimetype, instead use whatever the response provides
+
+    request: Request
+    """A request object with the environ used to make the request that
+    resulted in this response.
+    """
+
+    history: tuple[TestResponse, ...]
+    """A list of intermediate responses. Populated when the test request
+    is made with ``follow_redirects`` enabled.
+    """
+
+    # Tell Pytest to ignore this, it's not a test class.
+    __test__ = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        response: t.Iterable[bytes],
+        status: str,
+        headers: Headers,
+        request: Request,
+        history: tuple[TestResponse] = (),  # type: ignore
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(response, status, headers, **kwargs)
+        self.request = request
+        self.history = history
+        self._compat_tuple = response, status, headers
+
+    @cached_property
+    def text(self) -> str:
+        """The response data as text. A shortcut for
+        ``response.get_data(as_text=True)``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+        """
+        return self.get_data(as_text=True)
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Cookie:
+    """A cookie key, value, and parameters.
+
+    The class itself is not a public API. Its attributes are documented for inspection
+    with :meth:`.Client.get_cookie` only.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.3
+    """
+
+    key: str
+    """The cookie key, encoded as a client would see it."""
+
+    value: str
+    """The cookie key, encoded as a client would see it."""
+
+    decoded_key: str
+    """The cookie key, decoded as the application would set and see it."""
+
+    decoded_value: str
+    """The cookie value, decoded as the application would set and see it."""
+
+    expires: datetime | None
+    """The time at which the cookie is no longer valid."""
+
+    max_age: int | None
+    """The number of seconds from when the cookie was set at which it is
+    no longer valid.
+    """
+
+    domain: str
+    """The domain that the cookie was set for, or the request domain if not set."""
+
+    origin_only: bool
+    """Whether the cookie will be sent for exact domain matches only. This is ``True``
+    if the ``Domain`` parameter was not present.
+    """
+
+    path: str
+    """The path that the cookie was set for."""
+
+    secure: bool | None
+    """The ``Secure`` parameter."""
+
+    http_only: bool | None
+    """The ``HttpOnly`` parameter."""
+
+    same_site: str | None
+    """The ``SameSite`` parameter."""
+
+    def _matches_request(self, server_name: str, path: str) -> bool:
+        return (
+            server_name == self.domain
+            or (
+                not self.origin_only
+                and server_name.endswith(self.domain)
+                and server_name[: -len(self.domain)].endswith(".")
+            )
+        ) and (
+            path == self.path
+            or (
+                path.startswith(self.path)
+                and path[len(self.path) - self.path.endswith("/") :].startswith("/")
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _to_request_header(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.key}={self.value}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_response_header(cls, server_name: str, path: str, header: str) -> te.Self:
+        header, _, parameters_str = header.partition(";")
+        key, _, value = header.partition("=")
+        decoded_key, decoded_value = next(parse_cookie(header).items())  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+        params = {}
+
+        for item in parameters_str.split(";"):
+            k, sep, v = item.partition("=")
+            params[k.strip().lower()] = v.strip() if sep else None
+
+        return cls(
+            key=key.strip(),
+            value=value.strip(),
+            decoded_key=decoded_key,
+            decoded_value=decoded_value,
+            expires=parse_date(params.get("expires")),
+            max_age=int(params["max-age"] or 0) if "max-age" in params else None,
+            domain=params.get("domain") or server_name,
+            origin_only="domain" not in params,
+            path=params.get("path") or path.rpartition("/")[0] or "/",
+            secure="secure" in params,
+            http_only="httponly" in params,
+            same_site=params.get("samesite"),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _storage_key(self) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
+        return self.domain, self.path, self.decoded_key
+
+    @property
+    def _should_delete(self) -> bool:
+        return self.max_age == 0 or (
+            self.expires is not None and self.expires.timestamp() == 0
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/testapp.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/testapp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdf7fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/testapp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+"""A small application that can be used to test a WSGI server and check
+it for WSGI compliance.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from textwrap import wrap
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+
+from .wrappers.request import Request
+from .wrappers.response import Response
+
+TEMPLATE = """\
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang=en>
+<title>WSGI Information</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+  @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu);
+
+  body       { font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Geneva',
+               'Verdana', sans-serif; background-color: white; color: #000;
+               font-size: 15px; text-align: center; }
+  div.box    { text-align: left; width: 45em; margin: auto; padding: 50px 0;
+               background-color: white; }
+  h1, h2     { font-family: 'Ubuntu', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode',
+               'Geneva', 'Verdana', sans-serif; font-weight: normal; }
+  h1         { margin: 0 0 30px 0; }
+  h2         { font-size: 1.4em; margin: 1em 0 0.5em 0; }
+  table      { width: 100%%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #AFC5C9 }
+  table th   { background-color: #AFC1C4; color: white; font-size: 0.72em;
+               font-weight: normal; width: 18em; vertical-align: top;
+               padding: 0.5em 0 0.1em 0.5em; }
+  table td   { border: 1px solid #AFC5C9; padding: 0.1em 0 0.1em 0.5em; }
+  code       { font-family: 'Consolas', 'Monaco', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',
+               monospace; font-size: 0.7em; }
+  ul li      { line-height: 1.5em; }
+  ul.path    { font-size: 0.7em; margin: 0 -30px; padding: 8px 30px;
+               list-style: none; background: #E8EFF0; }
+  ul.path li { line-height: 1.6em; }
+  li.virtual { color: #999; text-decoration: underline; }
+  li.exp     { background: white; }
+</style>
+<div class="box">
+  <h1>WSGI Information</h1>
+  <p>
+    This page displays all available information about the WSGI server and
+    the underlying Python interpreter.
+  <h2 id="python-interpreter">Python Interpreter</h2>
+  <table>
+    <tr>
+      <th>Python Version
+      <td>%(python_version)s
+    <tr>
+      <th>Platform
+      <td>%(platform)s [%(os)s]
+    <tr>
+      <th>API Version
+      <td>%(api_version)s
+    <tr>
+      <th>Byteorder
+      <td>%(byteorder)s
+    <tr>
+      <th>Werkzeug Version
+      <td>%(werkzeug_version)s
+  </table>
+  <h2 id="wsgi-environment">WSGI Environment</h2>
+  <table>%(wsgi_env)s</table>
+  <h2 id="installed-eggs">Installed Eggs</h2>
+  <p>
+    The following python packages were installed on the system as
+    Python eggs:
+  <ul>%(python_eggs)s</ul>
+  <h2 id="sys-path">System Path</h2>
+  <p>
+    The following paths are the current contents of the load path.  The
+    following entries are looked up for Python packages.  Note that not
+    all items in this path are folders.  Gray and underlined items are
+    entries pointing to invalid resources or used by custom import hooks
+    such as the zip importer.
+  <p>
+    Items with a bright background were expanded for display from a relative
+    path.  If you encounter such paths in the output you might want to check
+    your setup as relative paths are usually problematic in multithreaded
+    environments.
+  <ul class="path">%(sys_path)s</ul>
+</div>
+"""
+
+
+def iter_sys_path() -> t.Iterator[tuple[str, bool, bool]]:
+    if os.name == "posix":
+
+        def strip(x: str) -> str:
+            prefix = os.path.expanduser("~")
+            if x.startswith(prefix):
+                x = f"~{x[len(prefix) :]}"
+            return x
+
+    else:
+
+        def strip(x: str) -> str:
+            return x
+
+    cwd = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
+    for item in sys.path:
+        path = os.path.join(cwd, item or os.path.curdir)
+        yield strip(os.path.normpath(path)), not os.path.isdir(path), path != item
+
+
+@Request.application
+def test_app(req: Request) -> Response:
+    """Simple test application that dumps the environment.  You can use
+    it to check if Werkzeug is working properly:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: pycon
+
+        >>> from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
+        >>> from werkzeug.testapp import test_app
+        >>> run_simple('localhost', 3000, test_app)
+         * Running on http://localhost:3000/
+
+    The application displays important information from the WSGI environment,
+    the Python interpreter and the installed libraries.
+    """
+    try:
+        import pkg_resources
+    except ImportError:
+        eggs: t.Iterable[t.Any] = ()
+    else:
+        eggs = sorted(
+            pkg_resources.working_set,
+            key=lambda x: x.project_name.lower(),
+        )
+    python_eggs = []
+    for egg in eggs:
+        try:
+            version = egg.version
+        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+            version = "unknown"
+        python_eggs.append(
+            f"<li>{escape(egg.project_name)} <small>[{escape(version)}]</small>"
+        )
+
+    wsgi_env = []
+    sorted_environ = sorted(req.environ.items(), key=lambda x: repr(x[0]).lower())
+    for key, value in sorted_environ:
+        value = "".join(wrap(str(escape(repr(value)))))
+        wsgi_env.append(f"<tr><th>{escape(key)}<td><code>{value}</code>")
+
+    sys_path = []
+    for item, virtual, expanded in iter_sys_path():
+        css = []
+        if virtual:
+            css.append("virtual")
+        if expanded:
+            css.append("exp")
+        class_str = f' class="{" ".join(css)}"' if css else ""
+        sys_path.append(f"<li{class_str}>{escape(item)}")
+
+    context = {
+        "python_version": "<br>".join(escape(sys.version).splitlines()),
+        "platform": escape(sys.platform),
+        "os": escape(os.name),
+        "api_version": sys.api_version,
+        "byteorder": sys.byteorder,
+        "werkzeug_version": _get_werkzeug_version(),
+        "python_eggs": "\n".join(python_eggs),
+        "wsgi_env": "\n".join(wsgi_env),
+        "sys_path": "\n".join(sys_path),
+    }
+    return Response(TEMPLATE % context, mimetype="text/html")
+
+
+_werkzeug_version = ""
+
+
+def _get_werkzeug_version() -> str:
+    global _werkzeug_version
+
+    if not _werkzeug_version:
+        _werkzeug_version = importlib.metadata.version("werkzeug")
+
+    return _werkzeug_version
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from .serving import run_simple
+
+    run_simple("localhost", 5000, test_app, use_reloader=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/urls.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bffe39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import re
+import typing as t
+import urllib.parse
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+from urllib.parse import urlunsplit
+
+from .datastructures import iter_multi_items
+
+
+def _codec_error_url_quote(e: UnicodeError) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """Used in :func:`uri_to_iri` after unquoting to re-quote any
+    invalid bytes.
+    """
+    # the docs state that UnicodeError does have these attributes,
+    # but mypy isn't picking them up
+    out = quote(e.object[e.start : e.end], safe="")  # type: ignore
+    return out, e.end  # type: ignore
+
+
+codecs.register_error("werkzeug.url_quote", _codec_error_url_quote)
+
+
+def _make_unquote_part(name: str, chars: str) -> t.Callable[[str], str]:
+    """Create a function that unquotes all percent encoded characters except those
+    given. This allows working with unquoted characters if possible while not changing
+    the meaning of a given part of a URL.
+    """
+    choices = "|".join(f"{ord(c):02X}" for c in sorted(chars))
+    pattern = re.compile(f"((?:%(?:{choices}))+)", re.I)
+
+    def _unquote_partial(value: str) -> str:
+        parts = iter(pattern.split(value))
+        out = []
+
+        for part in parts:
+            out.append(unquote(part, "utf-8", "werkzeug.url_quote"))
+            out.append(next(parts, ""))
+
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    _unquote_partial.__name__ = f"_unquote_{name}"
+    return _unquote_partial
+
+
+# characters that should remain quoted in URL parts
+# based on https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes
+# always keep all controls, space, and % quoted
+_always_unsafe = bytes((*range(0x21), 0x25, 0x7F)).decode()
+_unquote_fragment = _make_unquote_part("fragment", _always_unsafe)
+_unquote_query = _make_unquote_part("query", _always_unsafe + "&=+#")
+_unquote_path = _make_unquote_part("path", _always_unsafe + "/?#")
+_unquote_user = _make_unquote_part("user", _always_unsafe + ":@/?#")
+
+
+def uri_to_iri(uri: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a URI to an IRI. All valid UTF-8 characters are unquoted,
+    leaving all reserved and invalid characters quoted. If the URL has
+    a domain, it is decoded from Punycode.
+
+    >>> uri_to_iri("http://xn--n3h.net/p%C3%A5th?q=%C3%A8ry%DF")
+    'http://\\u2603.net/p\\xe5th?q=\\xe8ry%DF'
+
+    :param uri: The URI to convert.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing a tuple or bytes, and the ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters,
+        are removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Which characters remain quoted is specific to each part of the URL.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        All reserved and invalid characters remain quoted. Previously,
+        only some reserved characters were preserved, and invalid bytes
+        were replaced instead of left quoted.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    """
+    parts = urlsplit(uri)
+    path = _unquote_path(parts.path)
+    query = _unquote_query(parts.query)
+    fragment = _unquote_fragment(parts.fragment)
+
+    if parts.hostname:
+        netloc = _decode_idna(parts.hostname)
+    else:
+        netloc = ""
+
+    if ":" in netloc:
+        netloc = f"[{netloc}]"
+
+    if parts.port:
+        netloc = f"{netloc}:{parts.port}"
+
+    if parts.username:
+        auth = _unquote_user(parts.username)
+
+        if parts.password:
+            password = _unquote_user(parts.password)
+            auth = f"{auth}:{password}"
+
+        netloc = f"{auth}@{netloc}"
+
+    return urlunsplit((parts.scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))
+
+
+def iri_to_uri(iri: str) -> str:
+    """Convert an IRI to a URI. All non-ASCII and unsafe characters are
+    quoted. If the URL has a domain, it is encoded to Punycode.
+
+    >>> iri_to_uri('http://\\u2603.net/p\\xe5th?q=\\xe8ry%DF')
+    'http://xn--n3h.net/p%C3%A5th?q=%C3%A8ry%DF'
+
+    :param iri: The IRI to convert.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Passing a tuple or bytes, the ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters,
+        and the ``safe_conversion`` parameter, are removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Which characters remain unquoted is specific to each part of the URL.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        All reserved characters remain unquoted. Previously, only some reserved
+        characters were left unquoted.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.9.6
+       The ``safe_conversion`` parameter was added.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+    """
+    parts = urlsplit(iri)
+    # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-path-segment-string
+    # as well as percent for things that are already quoted
+    path = quote(parts.path, safe="%!$&'()*+,/:;=@")
+    query = quote(parts.query, safe="%!$&'()*+,/:;=?@")
+    fragment = quote(parts.fragment, safe="%!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@")
+
+    if parts.hostname:
+        netloc = parts.hostname.encode("idna").decode("ascii")
+    else:
+        netloc = ""
+
+    if ":" in netloc:
+        netloc = f"[{netloc}]"
+
+    if parts.port:
+        netloc = f"{netloc}:{parts.port}"
+
+    if parts.username:
+        auth = quote(parts.username, safe="%!$&'()*+,;=")
+
+        if parts.password:
+            password = quote(parts.password, safe="%!$&'()*+,;=")
+            auth = f"{auth}:{password}"
+
+        netloc = f"{auth}@{netloc}"
+
+    return urlunsplit((parts.scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))
+
+
+# Python < 3.12
+# itms-services was worked around in previous iri_to_uri implementations, but
+# we can tell Python directly that it needs to preserve the //.
+if "itms-services" not in urllib.parse.uses_netloc:
+    urllib.parse.uses_netloc.append("itms-services")
+
+
+def _decode_idna(domain: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        data = domain.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        # If the domain is not ASCII, it's decoded already.
+        return domain
+
+    try:
+        # Try decoding in one shot.
+        return data.decode("idna")
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        pass
+
+    # Decode each part separately, leaving invalid parts as punycode.
+    parts = []
+
+    for part in data.split(b"."):
+        try:
+            parts.append(part.decode("idna"))
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            parts.append(part.decode("ascii"))
+
+    return ".".join(parts)
+
+
+def _urlencode(query: t.Mapping[str, str] | t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]) -> str:
+    items = [x for x in iter_multi_items(query) if x[1] is not None]
+    # safe = https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes
+    return urlencode(items, safe="!$'()*,/:;?@")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/user_agent.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/user_agent.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17e5d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/user_agent.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+class UserAgent:
+    """Represents a parsed user agent header value.
+
+    The default implementation does no parsing, only the :attr:`string`
+    attribute is set. A subclass may parse the string to set the
+    common attributes or expose other information. Set
+    :attr:`werkzeug.wrappers.Request.user_agent_class` to use a
+    subclass.
+
+    :param string: The header value to parse.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        This replaces the previous ``useragents`` module, but does not
+        provide a built-in parser.
+    """
+
+    platform: str | None = None
+    """The OS name, if it could be parsed from the string."""
+
+    browser: str | None = None
+    """The browser name, if it could be parsed from the string."""
+
+    version: str | None = None
+    """The browser version, if it could be parsed from the string."""
+
+    language: str | None = None
+    """The browser language, if it could be parsed from the string."""
+
+    def __init__(self, string: str) -> None:
+        self.string: str = string
+        """The original header value."""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.browser}/{self.version}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.string
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.browser)
+
+    def to_header(self) -> str:
+        """Convert to a header value."""
+        return self.string
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3bbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import pkgutil
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import unicodedata
+from datetime import datetime
+from time import time
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from zlib import adler32
+
+from markupsafe import escape
+
+from ._internal import _DictAccessorProperty
+from ._internal import _missing
+from ._internal import _TAccessorValue
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .exceptions import NotFound
+from .exceptions import RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
+from .security import safe_join
+from .wsgi import wrap_file
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .wrappers.request import Request
+    from .wrappers.response import Response
+
+_T = t.TypeVar("_T")
+
+_entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);")
+_filename_ascii_strip_re = re.compile(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]")
+_windows_device_files = {
+    "CON",
+    "PRN",
+    "AUX",
+    "NUL",
+    *(f"COM{i}" for i in range(10)),
+    *(f"LPT{i}" for i in range(10)),
+}
+
+
+class cached_property(property, t.Generic[_T]):
+    """A :func:`property` that is only evaluated once. Subsequent access
+    returns the cached value. Setting the property sets the cached
+    value. Deleting the property clears the cached value, accessing it
+    again will evaluate it again.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        class Example:
+            @cached_property
+            def value(self):
+                # calculate something important here
+                return 42
+
+        e = Example()
+        e.value  # evaluates
+        e.value  # uses cache
+        e.value = 16  # sets cache
+        del e.value  # clears cache
+
+    If the class defines ``__slots__``, it must add ``_cache_{name}`` as
+    a slot. Alternatively, it can add ``__dict__``, but that's usually
+    not desirable.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Works with ``__slots__``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``del obj.name`` clears the cached value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fget: t.Callable[[t.Any], _T],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        doc: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(fget, doc=doc)
+        self.__name__ = name or fget.__name__
+        self.slot_name = f"_cache_{self.__name__}"
+        self.__module__ = fget.__module__
+
+    def __set__(self, obj: object, value: _T) -> None:
+        if hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
+            obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
+        else:
+            setattr(obj, self.slot_name, value)
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: object, type: type = None) -> _T:  # type: ignore
+        if obj is None:
+            return self  # type: ignore
+
+        obj_dict = getattr(obj, "__dict__", None)
+
+        if obj_dict is not None:
+            value: _T = obj_dict.get(self.__name__, _missing)
+        else:
+            value = getattr(obj, self.slot_name, _missing)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        if value is _missing:
+            value = self.fget(obj)  # type: ignore
+
+            if obj_dict is not None:
+                obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
+            else:
+                setattr(obj, self.slot_name, value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def __delete__(self, obj: object) -> None:
+        if hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
+            del obj.__dict__[self.__name__]
+        else:
+            setattr(obj, self.slot_name, _missing)
+
+
+class environ_property(_DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]):
+    """Maps request attributes to environment variables. This works not only
+    for the Werkzeug request object, but also any other class with an
+    environ attribute:
+
+    >>> class Test(object):
+    ...     environ = {'key': 'value'}
+    ...     test = environ_property('key')
+    >>> var = Test()
+    >>> var.test
+    'value'
+
+    If you pass it a second value it's used as default if the key does not
+    exist, the third one can be a converter that takes a value and converts
+    it.  If it raises :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` the default value
+    is used. If no default value is provided `None` is used.
+
+    Per default the property is read only.  You have to explicitly enable it
+    by passing ``read_only=False`` to the constructor.
+    """
+
+    read_only = True
+
+    def lookup(self, obj: Request) -> WSGIEnvironment:
+        return obj.environ
+
+
+class header_property(_DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]):
+    """Like `environ_property` but for headers."""
+
+    def lookup(self, obj: Request | Response) -> Headers:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return obj.headers
+
+
+# https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/tree/freedesktop.org.xml.in
+# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
+# Types listed in the XDG mime info that have a charset in the IANA registration.
+_charset_mimetypes = {
+    "application/ecmascript",
+    "application/javascript",
+    "application/sql",
+    "application/xml",
+    "application/xml-dtd",
+    "application/xml-external-parsed-entity",
+}
+
+
+def get_content_type(mimetype: str, charset: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the full content type string with charset for a mimetype.
+
+    If the mimetype represents text, the charset parameter will be
+    appended, otherwise the mimetype is returned unchanged.
+
+    :param mimetype: The mimetype to be used as content type.
+    :param charset: The charset to be appended for text mimetypes.
+    :return: The content type.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
+        Any type that ends with ``+xml`` gets a charset, not just those
+        that start with ``application/``. Known text types such as
+        ``application/javascript`` are also given charsets.
+    """
+    if (
+        mimetype.startswith("text/")
+        or mimetype in _charset_mimetypes
+        or mimetype.endswith("+xml")
+    ):
+        mimetype += f"; charset={charset}"
+
+    return mimetype
+
+
+def secure_filename(filename: str) -> str:
+    r"""Pass it a filename and it will return a secure version of it.  This
+    filename can then safely be stored on a regular file system and passed
+    to :func:`os.path.join`.  The filename returned is an ASCII only string
+    for maximum portability.
+
+    On windows systems the function also makes sure that the file is not
+    named after one of the special device files.
+
+    >>> secure_filename("My cool movie.mov")
+    'My_cool_movie.mov'
+    >>> secure_filename("../../../etc/passwd")
+    'etc_passwd'
+    >>> secure_filename('i contain cool \xfcml\xe4uts.txt')
+    'i_contain_cool_umlauts.txt'
+
+    The function might return an empty filename.  It's your responsibility
+    to ensure that the filename is unique and that you abort or
+    generate a random filename if the function returned an empty one.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    :param filename: the filename to secure
+    """
+    filename = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", filename)
+    filename = filename.encode("ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii")
+
+    for sep in os.sep, os.path.altsep:
+        if sep:
+            filename = filename.replace(sep, " ")
+    filename = str(_filename_ascii_strip_re.sub("", "_".join(filename.split()))).strip(
+        "._"
+    )
+
+    # on nt a couple of special files are present in each folder.  We
+    # have to ensure that the target file is not such a filename.  In
+    # this case we prepend an underline
+    if (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and filename
+        and filename.split(".")[0].upper() in _windows_device_files
+    ):
+        filename = f"_{filename}"
+
+    return filename
+
+
+def redirect(
+    location: str, code: int = 302, Response: type[Response] | None = None
+) -> Response:
+    """Returns a response object (a WSGI application) that, if called,
+    redirects the client to the target location. Supported codes are
+    301, 302, 303, 305, 307, and 308. 300 is not supported because
+    it's not a real redirect and 304 because it's the answer for a
+    request with a request with defined If-Modified-Since headers.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+       The location can now be a unicode string that is encoded using
+       the :func:`iri_to_uri` function.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+        The class used for the Response object can now be passed in.
+
+    :param location: the location the response should redirect to.
+    :param code: the redirect status code. defaults to 302.
+    :param class Response: a Response class to use when instantiating a
+        response. The default is :class:`werkzeug.wrappers.Response` if
+        unspecified.
+    """
+    if Response is None:
+        from .wrappers import Response
+
+    html_location = escape(location)
+    response = Response(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        "<!doctype html>\n"
+        "<html lang=en>\n"
+        "<title>Redirecting...</title>\n"
+        "<h1>Redirecting...</h1>\n"
+        "<p>You should be redirected automatically to the target URL: "
+        f'<a href="{html_location}">{html_location}</a>. If not, click the link.\n',
+        code,
+        mimetype="text/html",
+    )
+    response.headers["Location"] = location
+    return response
+
+
+def append_slash_redirect(environ: WSGIEnvironment, code: int = 308) -> Response:
+    """Redirect to the current URL with a slash appended.
+
+    If the current URL is ``/user/42``, the redirect URL will be
+    ``42/``. When joined to the current URL during response
+    processing or by the browser, this will produce ``/user/42/``.
+
+    The behavior is undefined if the path ends with a slash already. If
+    called unconditionally on a URL, it may produce a redirect loop.
+
+    :param environ: Use the path and query from this WSGI environment
+        to produce the redirect URL.
+    :param code: the status code for the redirect.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Produce a relative URL that only modifies the last segment.
+        Relevant when the current path has multiple segments.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        The default status code is 308 instead of 301. This preserves
+        the request method and body.
+    """
+    tail = environ["PATH_INFO"].rpartition("/")[2]
+
+    if not tail:
+        new_path = "./"
+    else:
+        new_path = f"{tail}/"
+
+    query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING")
+
+    if query_string:
+        new_path = f"{new_path}?{query_string}"
+
+    return redirect(new_path, code)
+
+
+def send_file(
+    path_or_file: os.PathLike[str] | str | t.IO[bytes],
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    mimetype: str | None = None,
+    as_attachment: bool = False,
+    download_name: str | None = None,
+    conditional: bool = True,
+    etag: bool | str = True,
+    last_modified: datetime | int | float | None = None,
+    max_age: None | (int | t.Callable[[str | None], int | None]) = None,
+    use_x_sendfile: bool = False,
+    response_class: type[Response] | None = None,
+    _root_path: os.PathLike[str] | str | None = None,
+) -> Response:
+    """Send the contents of a file to the client.
+
+    The first argument can be a file path or a file-like object. Paths
+    are preferred in most cases because Werkzeug can manage the file and
+    get extra information from the path. Passing a file-like object
+    requires that the file is opened in binary mode, and is mostly
+    useful when building a file in memory with :class:`io.BytesIO`.
+
+    Never pass file paths provided by a user. The path is assumed to be
+    trusted, so a user could craft a path to access a file you didn't
+    intend. Use :func:`send_from_directory` to safely serve user-provided paths.
+
+    If the WSGI server sets a ``file_wrapper`` in ``environ``, it is
+    used, otherwise Werkzeug's built-in wrapper is used. Alternatively,
+    if the HTTP server supports ``X-Sendfile``, ``use_x_sendfile=True``
+    will tell the server to send the given path, which is much more
+    efficient than reading it in Python.
+
+    :param path_or_file: The path to the file to send, relative to the
+        current working directory if a relative path is given.
+        Alternatively, a file-like object opened in binary mode. Make
+        sure the file pointer is seeked to the start of the data.
+    :param environ: The WSGI environ for the current request.
+    :param mimetype: The MIME type to send for the file. If not
+        provided, it will try to detect it from the file name.
+    :param as_attachment: Indicate to a browser that it should offer to
+        save the file instead of displaying it.
+    :param download_name: The default name browsers will use when saving
+        the file. Defaults to the passed file name.
+    :param conditional: Enable conditional and range responses based on
+        request headers. Requires passing a file path and ``environ``.
+    :param etag: Calculate an ETag for the file, which requires passing
+        a file path. Can also be a string to use instead.
+    :param last_modified: The last modified time to send for the file,
+        in seconds. If not provided, it will try to detect it from the
+        file path.
+    :param max_age: How long the client should cache the file, in
+        seconds. If set, ``Cache-Control`` will be ``public``, otherwise
+        it will be ``no-cache`` to prefer conditional caching.
+    :param use_x_sendfile: Set the ``X-Sendfile`` header to let the
+        server to efficiently send the file. Requires support from the
+        HTTP server. Requires passing a file path.
+    :param response_class: Build the response using this class. Defaults
+        to :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response`.
+    :param _root_path: Do not use. For internal use only. Use
+        :func:`send_from_directory` to safely send files under a path.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.2
+        ``send_file`` only sets a detected ``Content-Encoding`` if
+        ``as_attachment`` is disabled.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        Adapted from Flask's implementation.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``download_name`` replaces Flask's ``attachment_filename``
+         parameter. If ``as_attachment=False``, it is passed with
+         ``Content-Disposition: inline`` instead.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``max_age`` replaces Flask's ``cache_timeout`` parameter.
+        ``conditional`` is enabled and ``max_age`` is not set by
+        default.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        ``etag`` replaces Flask's ``add_etags`` parameter. It can be a
+        string to use instead of generating one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        If an encoding is returned when guessing ``mimetype`` from
+        ``download_name``, set the ``Content-Encoding`` header.
+    """
+    if response_class is None:
+        from .wrappers import Response
+
+        response_class = Response
+
+    path: str | None = None
+    file: t.IO[bytes] | None = None
+    size: int | None = None
+    mtime: float | None = None
+    headers = Headers()
+
+    if isinstance(path_or_file, (os.PathLike, str)) or hasattr(
+        path_or_file, "__fspath__"
+    ):
+        path_or_file = t.cast("t.Union[os.PathLike[str], str]", path_or_file)
+
+        # Flask will pass app.root_path, allowing its send_file wrapper
+        # to not have to deal with paths.
+        if _root_path is not None:
+            path = os.path.join(_root_path, path_or_file)
+        else:
+            path = os.path.abspath(path_or_file)
+
+        stat = os.stat(path)
+        size = stat.st_size
+        mtime = stat.st_mtime
+    else:
+        file = path_or_file
+
+    if download_name is None and path is not None:
+        download_name = os.path.basename(path)
+
+    if mimetype is None:
+        if download_name is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Unable to detect the MIME type because a file name is"
+                " not available. Either set 'download_name', pass a"
+                " path instead of a file, or set 'mimetype'."
+            )
+
+        mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(download_name)
+
+        if mimetype is None:
+            mimetype = "application/octet-stream"
+
+        # Don't send encoding for attachments, it causes browsers to
+        # save decompress tar.gz files.
+        if encoding is not None and not as_attachment:
+            headers.set("Content-Encoding", encoding)
+
+    if download_name is not None:
+        try:
+            download_name.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            simple = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", download_name)
+            simple = simple.encode("ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii")
+            # safe = RFC 5987 attr-char
+            quoted = quote(download_name, safe="!#$&+-.^_`|~")
+            names = {"filename": simple, "filename*": f"UTF-8''{quoted}"}
+        else:
+            names = {"filename": download_name}
+
+        value = "attachment" if as_attachment else "inline"
+        headers.set("Content-Disposition", value, **names)
+    elif as_attachment:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "No name provided for attachment. Either set"
+            " 'download_name' or pass a path instead of a file."
+        )
+
+    if use_x_sendfile and path is not None:
+        headers["X-Sendfile"] = path
+        data = None
+    else:
+        if file is None:
+            file = open(path, "rb")  # type: ignore
+        elif isinstance(file, io.BytesIO):
+            size = file.getbuffer().nbytes
+        elif isinstance(file, io.TextIOBase):
+            raise ValueError("Files must be opened in binary mode or use BytesIO.")
+
+        data = wrap_file(environ, file)
+
+    rv = response_class(
+        data, mimetype=mimetype, headers=headers, direct_passthrough=True
+    )
+
+    if size is not None:
+        rv.content_length = size
+
+    if last_modified is not None:
+        rv.last_modified = last_modified  # type: ignore
+    elif mtime is not None:
+        rv.last_modified = mtime  # type: ignore
+
+    rv.cache_control.no_cache = True
+
+    # Flask will pass app.get_send_file_max_age, allowing its send_file
+    # wrapper to not have to deal with paths.
+    if callable(max_age):
+        max_age = max_age(path)
+
+    if max_age is not None:
+        if max_age > 0:
+            rv.cache_control.no_cache = None
+            rv.cache_control.public = True
+
+        rv.cache_control.max_age = max_age
+        rv.expires = int(time() + max_age)  # type: ignore
+
+    if isinstance(etag, str):
+        rv.set_etag(etag)
+    elif etag and path is not None:
+        check = adler32(path.encode()) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        rv.set_etag(f"{mtime}-{size}-{check}")
+
+    if conditional:
+        try:
+            rv = rv.make_conditional(environ, accept_ranges=True, complete_length=size)
+        except RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable:
+            if file is not None:
+                file.close()
+
+            raise
+
+        # Some x-sendfile implementations incorrectly ignore the 304
+        # status code and send the file anyway.
+        if rv.status_code == 304:
+            rv.headers.pop("x-sendfile", None)
+
+    return rv
+
+
+def send_from_directory(
+    directory: os.PathLike[str] | str,
+    path: os.PathLike[str] | str,
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> Response:
+    """Send a file from within a directory using :func:`send_file`.
+
+    This is a secure way to serve files from a folder, such as static
+    files or uploads. Uses :func:`~werkzeug.security.safe_join` to
+    ensure the path coming from the client is not maliciously crafted to
+    point outside the specified directory.
+
+    If the final path does not point to an existing regular file,
+    returns a 404 :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` error.
+
+    :param directory: The directory that ``path`` must be located under. This *must not*
+        be a value provided by the client, otherwise it becomes insecure.
+    :param path: The path to the file to send, relative to ``directory``. This is the
+        part of the path provided by the client, which is checked for security.
+    :param environ: The WSGI environ for the current request.
+    :param kwargs: Arguments to pass to :func:`send_file`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        Adapted from Flask's implementation.
+    """
+    path_str = safe_join(os.fspath(directory), os.fspath(path))
+
+    if path_str is None:
+        raise NotFound()
+
+    # Flask will pass app.root_path, allowing its send_from_directory
+    # wrapper to not have to deal with paths.
+    if "_root_path" in kwargs:
+        path_str = os.path.join(kwargs["_root_path"], path_str)
+
+    if not os.path.isfile(path_str):
+        raise NotFound()
+
+    return send_file(path_str, environ, **kwargs)
+
+
+def import_string(import_name: str, silent: bool = False) -> t.Any:
+    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
+    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
+    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
+    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).
+
+    If `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import fails.
+
+    :param import_name: the dotted name for the object to import.
+    :param silent: if set to `True` import errors are ignored and
+                   `None` is returned instead.
+    :return: imported object
+    """
+    import_name = import_name.replace(":", ".")
+    try:
+        try:
+            __import__(import_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            if "." not in import_name:
+                raise
+        else:
+            return sys.modules[import_name]
+
+        module_name, obj_name = import_name.rsplit(".", 1)
+        module = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals(), [obj_name])
+        try:
+            return getattr(module, obj_name)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise ImportError(e) from None
+
+    except ImportError as e:
+        if not silent:
+            raise ImportStringError(import_name, e).with_traceback(
+                sys.exc_info()[2]
+            ) from None
+
+    return None
+
+
+def find_modules(
+    import_path: str, include_packages: bool = False, recursive: bool = False
+) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    """Finds all the modules below a package.  This can be useful to
+    automatically import all views / controllers so that their metaclasses /
+    function decorators have a chance to register themselves on the
+    application.
+
+    Packages are not returned unless `include_packages` is `True`.  This can
+    also recursively list modules but in that case it will import all the
+    packages to get the correct load path of that module.
+
+    :param import_path: the dotted name for the package to find child modules.
+    :param include_packages: set to `True` if packages should be returned, too.
+    :param recursive: set to `True` if recursion should happen.
+    :return: generator
+    """
+    module = import_string(import_path)
+    path = getattr(module, "__path__", None)
+    if path is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"{import_path!r} is not a package")
+    basename = f"{module.__name__}."
+    for _importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(path):
+        modname = basename + modname
+        if ispkg:
+            if include_packages:
+                yield modname
+            if recursive:
+                yield from find_modules(modname, include_packages, True)
+        else:
+            yield modname
+
+
+class ImportStringError(ImportError):
+    """Provides information about a failed :func:`import_string` attempt."""
+
+    #: String in dotted notation that failed to be imported.
+    import_name: str
+    #: Wrapped exception.
+    exception: BaseException
+
+    def __init__(self, import_name: str, exception: BaseException) -> None:
+        self.import_name = import_name
+        self.exception = exception
+        msg = import_name
+        name = ""
+        tracked = []
+        for part in import_name.replace(":", ".").split("."):
+            name = f"{name}.{part}" if name else part
+            imported = import_string(name, silent=True)
+            if imported:
+                tracked.append((name, getattr(imported, "__file__", None)))
+            else:
+                track = [f"- {n!r} found in {i!r}." for n, i in tracked]
+                track.append(f"- {name!r} not found.")
+                track_str = "\n".join(track)
+                msg = (
+                    f"import_string() failed for {import_name!r}. Possible reasons"
+                    f" are:\n\n"
+                    "- missing __init__.py in a package;\n"
+                    "- package or module path not included in sys.path;\n"
+                    "- duplicated package or module name taking precedence in"
+                    " sys.path;\n"
+                    "- missing module, class, function or variable;\n\n"
+                    f"Debugged import:\n\n{track_str}\n\n"
+                    f"Original exception:\n\n{type(exception).__name__}: {exception}"
+                )
+                break
+
+        super().__init__(msg)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__}({self.import_name!r}, {self.exception!r})>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b36f228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .request import Request as Request
+from .response import Response as Response
+from .response import ResponseStream as ResponseStream
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719a3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import functools
+import json
+import typing as t
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from .._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
+from ..datastructures import CombinedMultiDict
+from ..datastructures import EnvironHeaders
+from ..datastructures import FileStorage
+from ..datastructures import ImmutableMultiDict
+from ..datastructures import iter_multi_items
+from ..datastructures import MultiDict
+from ..exceptions import BadRequest
+from ..exceptions import UnsupportedMediaType
+from ..formparser import default_stream_factory
+from ..formparser import FormDataParser
+from ..sansio.request import Request as _SansIORequest
+from ..utils import cached_property
+from ..utils import environ_property
+from ..wsgi import _get_server
+from ..wsgi import get_input_stream
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+class Request(_SansIORequest):
+    """Represents an incoming WSGI HTTP request, with headers and body
+    taken from the WSGI environment. Has properties and methods for
+    using the functionality defined by various HTTP specs. The data in
+    requests object is read-only.
+
+    Text data is assumed to use UTF-8 encoding, which should be true for
+    the vast majority of modern clients. Using an encoding set by the
+    client is unsafe in Python due to extra encodings it provides, such
+    as ``zip``. To change the assumed encoding, subclass and replace
+    :attr:`charset`.
+
+    :param environ: The WSGI environ is generated by the WSGI server and
+        contains information about the server configuration and client
+        request.
+    :param populate_request: Add this request object to the WSGI environ
+        as ``environ['werkzeug.request']``. Can be useful when
+        debugging.
+    :param shallow: Makes reading from :attr:`stream` (and any method
+        that would read from it) raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Useful to
+        prevent consuming the form data in middleware, which would make
+        it unavailable to the final application.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset``, ``url_charset``, and ``encoding_errors`` parameters
+        were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Old ``BaseRequest`` and mixin classes were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Remove the ``disable_data_descriptor`` attribute.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Combine ``BaseRequest`` and mixins into a single ``Request``
+        class.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        Read-only mode is enforced with immutable classes for all data.
+    """
+
+    #: the maximum content length.  This is forwarded to the form data
+    #: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`).  When set and the
+    #: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
+    #: parsing fails because more than the specified value is transmitted
+    #: a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    max_content_length: int | None = None
+
+    #: the maximum form field size.  This is forwarded to the form data
+    #: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`).  When set and the
+    #: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
+    #: data in memory for post data is longer than the specified value a
+    #: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionchanged:: 3.1
+    #:     Defaults to 500kB instead of unlimited.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.5
+    max_form_memory_size: int | None = 500_000
+
+    #: The maximum number of multipart parts to parse, passed to
+    #: :attr:`form_data_parser_class`. Parsing form data with more than this
+    #: many parts will raise :exc:`~.RequestEntityTooLarge`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 2.2.3
+    max_form_parts = 1000
+
+    #: The form data parser that should be used.  Can be replaced to customize
+    #: the form date parsing.
+    form_data_parser_class: type[FormDataParser] = FormDataParser
+
+    #: The WSGI environment containing HTTP headers and information from
+    #: the WSGI server.
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment
+
+    #: Set when creating the request object. If ``True``, reading from
+    #: the request body will cause a ``RuntimeException``. Useful to
+    #: prevent modifying the stream from middleware.
+    shallow: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+        populate_request: bool = True,
+        shallow: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            method=environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD", "GET"),
+            scheme=environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme", "http"),
+            server=_get_server(environ),
+            root_path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME") or ""),
+            path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("PATH_INFO") or ""),
+            query_string=environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "").encode("latin1"),
+            headers=EnvironHeaders(environ),
+            remote_addr=environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR"),
+        )
+        self.environ = environ
+        self.shallow = shallow
+
+        if populate_request and not shallow:
+            self.environ["werkzeug.request"] = self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_values(cls, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Request:
+        """Create a new request object based on the values provided.  If
+        environ is given missing values are filled from there.  This method is
+        useful for small scripts when you need to simulate a request from an URL.
+        Do not use this method for unittesting, there is a full featured client
+        object (:class:`Client`) that allows to create multipart requests,
+        support for cookies etc.
+
+        This accepts the same options as the
+        :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+           This method now accepts the same arguments as
+           :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.  Because of this the
+           `environ` parameter is now called `environ_overrides`.
+
+        :return: request object
+        """
+        from ..test import EnvironBuilder
+
+        builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            return builder.get_request(cls)
+        finally:
+            builder.close()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def application(cls, f: t.Callable[[Request], WSGIApplication]) -> WSGIApplication:
+        """Decorate a function as responder that accepts the request as
+        the last argument.  This works like the :func:`responder`
+        decorator but the function is passed the request object as the
+        last argument and the request object will be closed
+        automatically::
+
+            @Request.application
+            def my_wsgi_app(request):
+                return Response('Hello World!')
+
+        As of Werkzeug 0.14 HTTP exceptions are automatically caught and
+        converted to responses instead of failing.
+
+        :param f: the WSGI callable to decorate
+        :return: a new WSGI callable
+        """
+        #: return a callable that wraps the -2nd argument with the request
+        #: and calls the function with all the arguments up to that one and
+        #: the request.  The return value is then called with the latest
+        #: two arguments.  This makes it possible to use this decorator for
+        #: both standalone WSGI functions as well as bound methods and
+        #: partially applied functions.
+        from ..exceptions import HTTPException
+
+        @functools.wraps(f)
+        def application(*args: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterable[bytes]:
+            request = cls(args[-2])
+            with request:
+                try:
+                    resp = f(*args[:-2] + (request,))
+                except HTTPException as e:
+                    resp = t.cast("WSGIApplication", e.get_response(args[-2]))
+                return resp(*args[-2:])
+
+        return t.cast("WSGIApplication", application)
+
+    def _get_file_stream(
+        self,
+        total_content_length: int | None,
+        content_type: str | None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        content_length: int | None = None,
+    ) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+        """Called to get a stream for the file upload.
+
+        This must provide a file-like class with `read()`, `readline()`
+        and `seek()` methods that is both writeable and readable.
+
+        The default implementation returns a temporary file if the total
+        content length is higher than 500KB.  Because many browsers do not
+        provide a content length for the files only the total content
+        length matters.
+
+        :param total_content_length: the total content length of all the
+                                     data in the request combined.  This value
+                                     is guaranteed to be there.
+        :param content_type: the mimetype of the uploaded file.
+        :param filename: the filename of the uploaded file.  May be `None`.
+        :param content_length: the length of this file.  This value is usually
+                               not provided because webbrowsers do not provide
+                               this value.
+        """
+        return default_stream_factory(
+            total_content_length=total_content_length,
+            filename=filename,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            content_length=content_length,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def want_form_data_parsed(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if the request method carries content. By default
+        this is true if a ``Content-Type`` is sent.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        return bool(self.environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE"))
+
+    def make_form_data_parser(self) -> FormDataParser:
+        """Creates the form data parser. Instantiates the
+        :attr:`form_data_parser_class` with some parameters.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        return self.form_data_parser_class(
+            stream_factory=self._get_file_stream,
+            max_form_memory_size=self.max_form_memory_size,
+            max_content_length=self.max_content_length,
+            max_form_parts=self.max_form_parts,
+            cls=self.parameter_storage_class,
+        )
+
+    def _load_form_data(self) -> None:
+        """Method used internally to retrieve submitted data.  After calling
+        this sets `form` and `files` on the request object to multi dicts
+        filled with the incoming form data.  As a matter of fact the input
+        stream will be empty afterwards.  You can also call this method to
+        force the parsing of the form data.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.8
+        """
+        # abort early if we have already consumed the stream
+        if "form" in self.__dict__:
+            return
+
+        if self.want_form_data_parsed:
+            parser = self.make_form_data_parser()
+            data = parser.parse(
+                self._get_stream_for_parsing(),
+                self.mimetype,
+                self.content_length,
+                self.mimetype_params,
+            )
+        else:
+            data = (
+                self.stream,
+                self.parameter_storage_class(),
+                self.parameter_storage_class(),
+            )
+
+        # inject the values into the instance dict so that we bypass
+        # our cached_property non-data descriptor.
+        d = self.__dict__
+        d["stream"], d["form"], d["files"] = data
+
+    def _get_stream_for_parsing(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+        """This is the same as accessing :attr:`stream` with the difference
+        that if it finds cached data from calling :meth:`get_data` first it
+        will create a new stream out of the cached data.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9.3
+        """
+        cached_data = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
+        if cached_data is not None:
+            return BytesIO(cached_data)
+        return self.stream
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes associated resources of this request object.  This
+        closes all file handles explicitly.  You can also use the request
+        object in a with statement which will automatically close it.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        files = self.__dict__.get("files")
+        for _key, value in iter_multi_items(files or ()):
+            value.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Request:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        self.close()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def stream(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+        """The WSGI input stream, with safety checks. This stream can only be consumed
+        once.
+
+        Use :meth:`get_data` to get the full data as bytes or text. The :attr:`data`
+        attribute will contain the full bytes only if they do not represent form data.
+        The :attr:`form` attribute will contain the parsed form data in that case.
+
+        Unlike :attr:`input_stream`, this stream guards against infinite streams or
+        reading past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
+
+        If ``max_content_length`` is set, it can be enforced on streams if
+        ``wsgi.input_terminated`` is set. Otherwise, an empty stream is returned.
+
+        If the limit is reached before the underlying stream is exhausted (such as a
+        file that is too large, or an infinite stream), the remaining contents of the
+        stream cannot be read safely. Depending on how the server handles this, clients
+        may show a "connection reset" failure instead of seeing the 413 response.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Check ``max_content_length`` preemptively and while reading.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+            The stream is always set (but may be consumed) even if form parsing was
+            accessed first.
+        """
+        if self.shallow:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This request was created with 'shallow=True', reading"
+                " from the input stream is disabled."
+            )
+
+        return get_input_stream(
+            self.environ, max_content_length=self.max_content_length
+        )
+
+    input_stream = environ_property[t.IO[bytes]](
+        "wsgi.input",
+        doc="""The raw WSGI input stream, without any safety checks.
+
+        This is dangerous to use. It does not guard against infinite streams or reading
+        past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
+
+        Use :attr:`stream` instead.
+        """,
+    )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def data(self) -> bytes:
+        """The raw data read from :attr:`stream`. Will be empty if the request
+        represents form data.
+
+        To get the raw data even if it represents form data, use :meth:`get_data`.
+        """
+        return self.get_data(parse_form_data=True)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_data(
+        self,
+        cache: bool = True,
+        as_text: t.Literal[False] = False,
+        parse_form_data: bool = False,
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_data(
+        self,
+        cache: bool = True,
+        as_text: t.Literal[True] = ...,
+        parse_form_data: bool = False,
+    ) -> str: ...
+
+    def get_data(
+        self, cache: bool = True, as_text: bool = False, parse_form_data: bool = False
+    ) -> bytes | str:
+        """This reads the buffered incoming data from the client into one
+        bytes object.  By default this is cached but that behavior can be
+        changed by setting `cache` to `False`.
+
+        Usually it's a bad idea to call this method without checking the
+        content length first as a client could send dozens of megabytes or more
+        to cause memory problems on the server.
+
+        Note that if the form data was already parsed this method will not
+        return anything as form data parsing does not cache the data like
+        this method does.  To implicitly invoke form data parsing function
+        set `parse_form_data` to `True`.  When this is done the return value
+        of this method will be an empty string if the form parser handles
+        the data.  This generally is not necessary as if the whole data is
+        cached (which is the default) the form parser will used the cached
+        data to parse the form data.  Please be generally aware of checking
+        the content length first in any case before calling this method
+        to avoid exhausting server memory.
+
+        If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
+        string.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        rv = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
+        if rv is None:
+            if parse_form_data:
+                self._load_form_data()
+            rv = self.stream.read()
+            if cache:
+                self._cached_data = rv
+        if as_text:
+            rv = rv.decode(errors="replace")
+        return rv
+
+    @cached_property
+    def form(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]:
+        """The form parameters.  By default an
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
+        is returned from this function.  This can be changed by setting
+        :attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type.  This might
+        be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
+
+        Please keep in mind that file uploads will not end up here, but instead
+        in the :attr:`files` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.9
+
+            Previous to Werkzeug 0.9 this would only contain form data for POST
+            and PUT requests.
+        """
+        self._load_form_data()
+        return self.form
+
+    @cached_property
+    def values(self) -> CombinedMultiDict[str, str]:
+        """A :class:`werkzeug.datastructures.CombinedMultiDict` that
+        combines :attr:`args` and :attr:`form`.
+
+        For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
+        """
+        sources = [self.args]
+
+        if self.method != "GET":
+            # GET requests can have a body, and some caching proxies
+            # might not treat that differently than a normal GET
+            # request, allowing form data to "invisibly" affect the
+            # cache without indication in the query string / URL.
+            sources.append(self.form)
+
+        args = []
+
+        for d in sources:
+            if not isinstance(d, MultiDict):
+                d = MultiDict(d)
+
+            args.append(d)
+
+        return CombinedMultiDict(args)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def files(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, FileStorage]:
+        """:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` object containing
+        all uploaded files.  Each key in :attr:`files` is the name from the
+        ``<input type="file" name="">``.  Each value in :attr:`files` is a
+        Werkzeug :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` object.
+
+        It basically behaves like a standard file object you know from Python,
+        with the difference that it also has a
+        :meth:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage.save` function that can
+        store the file on the filesystem.
+
+        Note that :attr:`files` will only contain data if the request method was
+        POST, PUT or PATCH and the ``<form>`` that posted to the request had
+        ``enctype="multipart/form-data"``.  It will be empty otherwise.
+
+        See the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` /
+        :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` documentation for
+        more details about the used data structure.
+        """
+        self._load_form_data()
+        return self.files
+
+    @property
+    def script_root(self) -> str:
+        """Alias for :attr:`self.root_path`. ``environ["SCRIPT_ROOT"]``
+        without a trailing slash.
+        """
+        return self.root_path
+
+    @cached_property
+    def url_root(self) -> str:
+        """Alias for :attr:`root_url`. The URL with scheme, host, and
+        root path. For example, ``https://example.com/app/``.
+        """
+        return self.root_url
+
+    remote_user = environ_property[str](
+        "REMOTE_USER",
+        doc="""If the server supports user authentication, and the
+        script is protected, this attribute contains the username the
+        user has authenticated as.""",
+    )
+    is_multithread = environ_property[bool](
+        "wsgi.multithread",
+        doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application is served by a
+        multithreaded WSGI server.""",
+    )
+    is_multiprocess = environ_property[bool](
+        "wsgi.multiprocess",
+        doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application is served by a
+        WSGI server that spawns multiple processes.""",
+    )
+    is_run_once = environ_property[bool](
+        "wsgi.run_once",
+        doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application will be
+        executed only once in a process lifetime.  This is the case for
+        CGI for example, but it's not guaranteed that the execution only
+        happens one time.""",
+    )
+
+    # JSON
+
+    #: A module or other object that has ``dumps`` and ``loads``
+    #: functions that match the API of the built-in :mod:`json` module.
+    json_module = json
+
+    @property
+    def json(self) -> t.Any | None:
+        """The parsed JSON data if :attr:`mimetype` indicates JSON
+        (:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`).
+
+        Calls :meth:`get_json` with default arguments.
+
+        If the request content type is not ``application/json``, this
+        will raise a 415 Unsupported Media Type error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Raise a 400 error if the content type is incorrect.
+        """
+        return self.get_json()
+
+    # Cached values for ``(silent=False, silent=True)``. Initialized
+    # with sentinel values.
+    _cached_json: tuple[t.Any, t.Any] = (Ellipsis, Ellipsis)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_json(
+        self, force: bool = ..., silent: t.Literal[False] = ..., cache: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_json(
+        self, force: bool = ..., silent: bool = ..., cache: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    def get_json(
+        self, force: bool = False, silent: bool = False, cache: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None:
+        """Parse :attr:`data` as JSON.
+
+        If the mimetype does not indicate JSON
+        (:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`), or parsing
+        fails, :meth:`on_json_loading_failed` is called and
+        its return value is used as the return value. By default this
+        raises a 415 Unsupported Media Type resp.
+
+        :param force: Ignore the mimetype and always try to parse JSON.
+        :param silent: Silence mimetype and parsing errors, and
+            return ``None`` instead.
+        :param cache: Store the parsed JSON to return for subsequent
+            calls.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Raise a 400 error if the content type is incorrect.
+        """
+        if cache and self._cached_json[silent] is not Ellipsis:
+            return self._cached_json[silent]
+
+        if not (force or self.is_json):
+            if not silent:
+                return self.on_json_loading_failed(None)
+            else:
+                return None
+
+        data = self.get_data(cache=cache)
+
+        try:
+            rv = self.json_module.loads(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            if silent:
+                rv = None
+
+                if cache:
+                    normal_rv, _ = self._cached_json
+                    self._cached_json = (normal_rv, rv)
+            else:
+                rv = self.on_json_loading_failed(e)
+
+                if cache:
+                    _, silent_rv = self._cached_json
+                    self._cached_json = (rv, silent_rv)
+        else:
+            if cache:
+                self._cached_json = (rv, rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def on_json_loading_failed(self, e: ValueError | None) -> t.Any:
+        """Called if :meth:`get_json` fails and isn't silenced.
+
+        If this method returns a value, it is used as the return value
+        for :meth:`get_json`. The default implementation raises
+        :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.BadRequest`.
+
+        :param e: If parsing failed, this is the exception. It will be
+            ``None`` if the content type wasn't ``application/json``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
+        """
+        if e is not None:
+            raise BadRequest(f"Failed to decode JSON object: {e}")
+
+        raise UnsupportedMediaType(
+            "Did not attempt to load JSON data because the request"
+            " Content-Type was not 'application/json'."
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f01287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wrappers/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import typing as t
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+from .._internal import _get_environ
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..http import generate_etag
+from ..http import http_date
+from ..http import is_resource_modified
+from ..http import parse_etags
+from ..http import parse_range_header
+from ..http import remove_entity_headers
+from ..sansio.response import Response as _SansIOResponse
+from ..urls import iri_to_uri
+from ..utils import cached_property
+from ..wsgi import _RangeWrapper
+from ..wsgi import ClosingIterator
+from ..wsgi import get_current_url
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import StartResponse
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+    from .request import Request
+
+
+def _iter_encoded(iterable: t.Iterable[str | bytes]) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+    for item in iterable:
+        if isinstance(item, str):
+            yield item.encode()
+        else:
+            yield item
+
+
+class Response(_SansIOResponse):
+    """Represents an outgoing WSGI HTTP response with body, status, and
+    headers. Has properties and methods for using the functionality
+    defined by various HTTP specs.
+
+    The response body is flexible to support different use cases. The
+    simple form is passing bytes, or a string which will be encoded as
+    UTF-8. Passing an iterable of bytes or strings makes this a
+    streaming response. A generator is particularly useful for building
+    a CSV file in memory or using SSE (Server Sent Events). A file-like
+    object is also iterable, although the
+    :func:`~werkzeug.utils.send_file` helper should be used in that
+    case.
+
+    The response object is itself a WSGI application callable. When
+    called (:meth:`__call__`) with ``environ`` and ``start_response``,
+    it will pass its status and headers to ``start_response`` then
+    return its body as an iterable.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from werkzeug.wrappers.response import Response
+
+        def index():
+            return Response("Hello, World!")
+
+        def application(environ, start_response):
+            path = environ.get("PATH_INFO") or "/"
+
+            if path == "/":
+                response = index()
+            else:
+                response = Response("Not Found", status=404)
+
+            return response(environ, start_response)
+
+    :param response: The data for the body of the response. A string or
+        bytes, or tuple or list of strings or bytes, for a fixed-length
+        response, or any other iterable of strings or bytes for a
+        streaming response. Defaults to an empty body.
+    :param status: The status code for the response. Either an int, in
+        which case the default status message is added, or a string in
+        the form ``{code} {message}``, like ``404 Not Found``. Defaults
+        to 200.
+    :param headers: A :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers` object,
+        or a list of ``(key, value)`` tuples that will be converted to a
+        ``Headers`` object.
+    :param mimetype: The mime type (content type without charset or
+        other parameters) of the response. If the value starts with
+        ``text/`` (or matches some other special cases), the charset
+        will be added to create the ``content_type``.
+    :param content_type: The full content type of the response.
+        Overrides building the value from ``mimetype``.
+    :param direct_passthrough: Pass the response body directly through
+        as the WSGI iterable. This can be used when the body is a binary
+        file or other iterator of bytes, to skip some unnecessary
+        checks. Use :func:`~werkzeug.utils.send_file` instead of setting
+        this manually.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+        Old ``BaseResponse`` and mixin classes were removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Combine ``BaseResponse`` and mixins into a single ``Response``
+        class.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.5
+        The ``direct_passthrough`` parameter was added.
+    """
+
+    #: if set to `False` accessing properties on the response object will
+    #: not try to consume the response iterator and convert it into a list.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.6.2
+    #:
+    #:    That attribute was previously called `implicit_seqence_conversion`.
+    #:    (Notice the typo).  If you did use this feature, you have to adapt
+    #:    your code to the name change.
+    implicit_sequence_conversion = True
+
+    #: If a redirect ``Location`` header is a relative URL, make it an
+    #: absolute URL, including scheme and domain.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+    #:     This is disabled by default, so responses will send relative
+    #:     redirects.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    autocorrect_location_header = False
+
+    #: Should this response object automatically set the content-length
+    #: header if possible?  This is true by default.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    automatically_set_content_length = True
+
+    #: The response body to send as the WSGI iterable. A list of strings
+    #: or bytes represents a fixed-length response, any other iterable
+    #: is a streaming response. Strings are encoded to bytes as UTF-8.
+    #:
+    #: Do not set to a plain string or bytes, that will cause sending
+    #: the response to be very inefficient as it will iterate one byte
+    #: at a time.
+    response: t.Iterable[str] | t.Iterable[bytes]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        response: t.Iterable[bytes] | bytes | t.Iterable[str] | str | None = None,
+        status: int | str | HTTPStatus | None = None,
+        headers: t.Mapping[str, str | t.Iterable[str]]
+        | t.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]
+        | None = None,
+        mimetype: str | None = None,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        direct_passthrough: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            status=status,
+            headers=headers,
+            mimetype=mimetype,
+            content_type=content_type,
+        )
+
+        #: Pass the response body directly through as the WSGI iterable.
+        #: This can be used when the body is a binary file or other
+        #: iterator of bytes, to skip some unnecessary checks. Use
+        #: :func:`~werkzeug.utils.send_file` instead of setting this
+        #: manually.
+        self.direct_passthrough = direct_passthrough
+        self._on_close: list[t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = []
+
+        # we set the response after the headers so that if a class changes
+        # the charset attribute, the data is set in the correct charset.
+        if response is None:
+            self.response = []
+        elif isinstance(response, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+            self.set_data(response)
+        else:
+            self.response = response
+
+    def call_on_close(self, func: t.Callable[[], t.Any]) -> t.Callable[[], t.Any]:
+        """Adds a function to the internal list of functions that should
+        be called as part of closing down the response.  Since 0.7 this
+        function also returns the function that was passed so that this
+        can be used as a decorator.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        """
+        self._on_close.append(func)
+        return func
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.is_sequence:
+            body_info = f"{sum(map(len, self.iter_encoded()))} bytes"
+        else:
+            body_info = "streamed" if self.is_streamed else "likely-streamed"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {body_info} [{self.status}]>"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def force_type(
+        cls, response: Response, environ: WSGIEnvironment | None = None
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current
+        type.  Werkzeug will use the :class:`Response` internally in many
+        situations like the exceptions.  If you call :meth:`get_response` on an
+        exception you will get back a regular :class:`Response` object, even
+        if you are using a custom subclass.
+
+        This method can enforce a given response type, and it will also
+        convert arbitrary WSGI callables into response objects if an environ
+        is provided::
+
+            # convert a Werkzeug response object into an instance of the
+            # MyResponseClass subclass.
+            response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response)
+
+            # convert any WSGI application into a response object
+            response = MyResponseClass.force_type(response, environ)
+
+        This is especially useful if you want to post-process responses in
+        the main dispatcher and use functionality provided by your subclass.
+
+        Keep in mind that this will modify response objects in place if
+        possible!
+
+        :param response: a response object or wsgi application.
+        :param environ: a WSGI environment object.
+        :return: a response object.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):
+            if environ is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "cannot convert WSGI application into response"
+                    " objects without an environ"
+                )
+
+            from ..test import run_wsgi_app
+
+            response = Response(*run_wsgi_app(response, environ))
+
+        response.__class__ = cls
+        return response
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_app(
+        cls, app: WSGIApplication, environ: WSGIEnvironment, buffered: bool = False
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Create a new response object from an application output.  This
+        works best if you pass it an application that returns a generator all
+        the time.  Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable
+        returned by the `start_response` function.  This tries to resolve such
+        edge cases automatically.  But if you don't get the expected output
+        you should set `buffered` to `True` which enforces buffering.
+
+        :param app: the WSGI application to execute.
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment to execute against.
+        :param buffered: set to `True` to enforce buffering.
+        :return: a response object.
+        """
+        from ..test import run_wsgi_app
+
+        return cls(*run_wsgi_app(app, environ, buffered))
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_data(self, as_text: t.Literal[False] = False) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_data(self, as_text: t.Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    def get_data(self, as_text: bool = False) -> bytes | str:
+        """The string representation of the response body.  Whenever you call
+        this property the response iterable is encoded and flattened.  This
+        can lead to unwanted behavior if you stream big data.
+
+        This behavior can be disabled by setting
+        :attr:`implicit_sequence_conversion` to `False`.
+
+        If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
+        string.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        self._ensure_sequence()
+        rv = b"".join(self.iter_encoded())
+
+        if as_text:
+            return rv.decode()
+
+        return rv
+
+    def set_data(self, value: bytes | str) -> None:
+        """Sets a new string as response.  The value must be a string or
+        bytes. If a string is set it's encoded to the charset of the
+        response (utf-8 by default).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.encode()
+        self.response = [value]
+        if self.automatically_set_content_length:
+            self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(value))
+
+    data = property(
+        get_data,
+        set_data,
+        doc="A descriptor that calls :meth:`get_data` and :meth:`set_data`.",
+    )
+
+    def calculate_content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise."""
+        try:
+            self._ensure_sequence()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return None
+        return sum(len(x) for x in self.iter_encoded())
+
+    def _ensure_sequence(self, mutable: bool = False) -> None:
+        """This method can be called by methods that need a sequence.  If
+        `mutable` is true, it will also ensure that the response sequence
+        is a standard Python list.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        """
+        if self.is_sequence:
+            # if we need a mutable object, we ensure it's a list.
+            if mutable and not isinstance(self.response, list):
+                self.response = list(self.response)  # type: ignore
+            return
+        if self.direct_passthrough:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted implicit sequence conversion but the"
+                " response object is in direct passthrough mode."
+            )
+        if not self.implicit_sequence_conversion:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The response object required the iterable to be a"
+                " sequence, but the implicit conversion was disabled."
+                " Call make_sequence() yourself."
+            )
+        self.make_sequence()
+
+    def make_sequence(self) -> None:
+        """Converts the response iterator in a list.  By default this happens
+        automatically if required.  If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is
+        disabled, this method is not automatically called and some properties
+        might raise exceptions.  This also encodes all the items.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        """
+        if not self.is_sequence:
+            # if we consume an iterable we have to ensure that the close
+            # method of the iterable is called if available when we tear
+            # down the response
+            close = getattr(self.response, "close", None)
+            self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
+            if close is not None:
+                self.call_on_close(close)
+
+    def iter_encoded(self) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """Iter the response encoded with the encoding of the response.
+        If the response object is invoked as WSGI application the return
+        value of this method is used as application iterator unless
+        :attr:`direct_passthrough` was activated.
+        """
+        # Encode in a separate function so that self.response is fetched
+        # early.  This allows us to wrap the response with the return
+        # value from get_app_iter or iter_encoded.
+        return _iter_encoded(self.response)
+
+    @property
+    def is_streamed(self) -> bool:
+        """If the response is streamed (the response is not an iterable with
+        a length information) this property is `True`.  In this case streamed
+        means that there is no information about the number of iterations.
+        This is usually `True` if a generator is passed to the response object.
+
+        This is useful for checking before applying some sort of post
+        filtering that should not take place for streamed responses.
+        """
+        try:
+            len(self.response)  # type: ignore
+        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_sequence(self) -> bool:
+        """If the iterator is buffered, this property will be `True`.  A
+        response object will consider an iterator to be buffered if the
+        response attribute is a list or tuple.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+        """
+        return isinstance(self.response, (tuple, list))
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the wrapped response if possible.  You can also use the object
+        in a with statement which will automatically close it.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+           Can now be used in a with statement.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self.response, "close"):
+            self.response.close()
+        for func in self._on_close:
+            func()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Response:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):  # type: ignore
+        self.close()
+
+    def freeze(self) -> None:
+        """Make the response object ready to be pickled. Does the
+        following:
+
+        *   Buffer the response into a list, ignoring
+            :attr:`implicity_sequence_conversion` and
+            :attr:`direct_passthrough`.
+        *   Set the ``Content-Length`` header.
+        *   Generate an ``ETag`` header if one is not already set.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.1
+            Removed the ``no_etag`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            An ``ETag`` header is always added.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+            The ``Content-Length`` header is set.
+        """
+        # Always freeze the encoded response body, ignore
+        # implicit_sequence_conversion and direct_passthrough.
+        self.response = list(self.iter_encoded())
+        self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(sum(map(len, self.response)))
+        self.add_etag()
+
+    def get_wsgi_headers(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> Headers:
+        """This is automatically called right before the response is started
+        and returns headers modified for the given environment.  It returns a
+        copy of the headers from the response with some modifications applied
+        if necessary.
+
+        For example the location header (if present) is joined with the root
+        URL of the environment.  Also the content length is automatically set
+        to zero here for certain status codes.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+           Previously that function was called `fix_headers` and modified
+           the response object in place.  Also since 0.6, IRIs in location
+           and content-location headers are handled properly.
+
+           Also starting with 0.6, Werkzeug will attempt to set the content
+           length if it is able to figure it out on its own.  This is the
+           case if all the strings in the response iterable are already
+           encoded and the iterable is buffered.
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
+        :return: returns a new :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Headers`
+                 object.
+        """
+        headers = Headers(self.headers)
+        location: str | None = None
+        content_location: str | None = None
+        content_length: str | int | None = None
+        status = self.status_code
+
+        # iterate over the headers to find all values in one go.  Because
+        # get_wsgi_headers is used each response that gives us a tiny
+        # speedup.
+        for key, value in headers:
+            ikey = key.lower()
+            if ikey == "location":
+                location = value
+            elif ikey == "content-location":
+                content_location = value
+            elif ikey == "content-length":
+                content_length = value
+
+        if location is not None:
+            location = iri_to_uri(location)
+
+            if self.autocorrect_location_header:
+                # Make the location header an absolute URL.
+                current_url = get_current_url(environ, strip_querystring=True)
+                current_url = iri_to_uri(current_url)
+                location = urljoin(current_url, location)
+
+            headers["Location"] = location
+
+        # make sure the content location is a URL
+        if content_location is not None:
+            headers["Content-Location"] = iri_to_uri(content_location)
+
+        if 100 <= status < 200 or status == 204:
+            # Per section 3.3.2 of RFC 7230, "a server MUST NOT send a
+            # Content-Length header field in any response with a status
+            # code of 1xx (Informational) or 204 (No Content)."
+            headers.remove("Content-Length")
+        elif status == 304:
+            remove_entity_headers(headers)
+
+        # if we can determine the content length automatically, we
+        # should try to do that.  But only if this does not involve
+        # flattening the iterator or encoding of strings in the
+        # response. We however should not do that if we have a 304
+        # response.
+        if (
+            self.automatically_set_content_length
+            and self.is_sequence
+            and content_length is None
+            and status not in (204, 304)
+            and not (100 <= status < 200)
+        ):
+            content_length = sum(len(x) for x in self.iter_encoded())
+            headers["Content-Length"] = str(content_length)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def get_app_iter(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """Returns the application iterator for the given environ.  Depending
+        on the request method and the current status code the return value
+        might be an empty response rather than the one from the response.
+
+        If the request method is `HEAD` or the status code is in a range
+        where the HTTP specification requires an empty response, an empty
+        iterable is returned.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
+        :return: a response iterable.
+        """
+        status = self.status_code
+        if (
+            environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
+            or 100 <= status < 200
+            or status in (204, 304)
+        ):
+            iterable: t.Iterable[bytes] = ()
+        elif self.direct_passthrough:
+            return self.response  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            iterable = self.iter_encoded()
+        return ClosingIterator(iterable, self.close)
+
+    def get_wsgi_response(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment
+    ) -> tuple[t.Iterable[bytes], str, list[tuple[str, str]]]:
+        """Returns the final WSGI response as tuple.  The first item in
+        the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and
+        the third the list of headers.  The response returned is created
+        specially for the given environment.  For example if the request
+        method in the WSGI environment is ``'HEAD'`` the response will
+        be empty and only the headers and status code will be present.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment of the request.
+        :return: an ``(app_iter, status, headers)`` tuple.
+        """
+        headers = self.get_wsgi_headers(environ)
+        app_iter = self.get_app_iter(environ)
+        return app_iter, self.status, headers.to_wsgi_list()
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, environ: WSGIEnvironment, start_response: StartResponse
+    ) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+        """Process this response as WSGI application.
+
+        :param environ: the WSGI environment.
+        :param start_response: the response callable provided by the WSGI
+                               server.
+        :return: an application iterator
+        """
+        app_iter, status, headers = self.get_wsgi_response(environ)
+        start_response(status, headers)
+        return app_iter
+
+    # JSON
+
+    #: A module or other object that has ``dumps`` and ``loads``
+    #: functions that match the API of the built-in :mod:`json` module.
+    json_module = json
+
+    @property
+    def json(self) -> t.Any | None:
+        """The parsed JSON data if :attr:`mimetype` indicates JSON
+        (:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`).
+
+        Calls :meth:`get_json` with default arguments.
+        """
+        return self.get_json()
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_json(self, force: bool = ..., silent: t.Literal[False] = ...) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_json(self, force: bool = ..., silent: bool = ...) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    def get_json(self, force: bool = False, silent: bool = False) -> t.Any | None:
+        """Parse :attr:`data` as JSON. Useful during testing.
+
+        If the mimetype does not indicate JSON
+        (:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`), this
+        returns ``None``.
+
+        Unlike :meth:`Request.get_json`, the result is not cached.
+
+        :param force: Ignore the mimetype and always try to parse JSON.
+        :param silent: Silence parsing errors and return ``None``
+            instead.
+        """
+        if not (force or self.is_json):
+            return None
+
+        data = self.get_data()
+
+        try:
+            return self.json_module.loads(data)
+        except ValueError:
+            if not silent:
+                raise
+
+            return None
+
+    # Stream
+
+    @cached_property
+    def stream(self) -> ResponseStream:
+        """The response iterable as write-only stream."""
+        return ResponseStream(self)
+
+    def _wrap_range_response(self, start: int, length: int) -> None:
+        """Wrap existing Response in case of Range Request context."""
+        if self.status_code == 206:
+            self.response = _RangeWrapper(self.response, start, length)  # type: ignore
+
+    def _is_range_request_processable(self, environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if `Range` header is present and if underlying
+        resource is considered unchanged when compared with `If-Range` header.
+        """
+        return (
+            "HTTP_IF_RANGE" not in environ
+            or not is_resource_modified(
+                environ,
+                self.headers.get("etag"),
+                None,
+                self.headers.get("last-modified"),
+                ignore_if_range=False,
+            )
+        ) and "HTTP_RANGE" in environ
+
+    def _process_range_request(
+        self,
+        environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+        complete_length: int | None,
+        accept_ranges: bool | str,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Handle Range Request related headers (RFC7233).  If `Accept-Ranges`
+        header is valid, and Range Request is processable, we set the headers
+        as described by the RFC, and wrap the underlying response in a
+        RangeWrapper.
+
+        Returns ``True`` if Range Request can be fulfilled, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        :raises: :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable`
+                 if `Range` header could not be parsed or satisfied.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Returns ``False`` if the length is 0.
+        """
+        from ..exceptions import RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
+
+        if (
+            not accept_ranges
+            or complete_length is None
+            or complete_length == 0
+            or not self._is_range_request_processable(environ)
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        if accept_ranges is True:
+            accept_ranges = "bytes"
+
+        parsed_range = parse_range_header(environ.get("HTTP_RANGE"))
+
+        if parsed_range is None:
+            raise RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable(complete_length)
+
+        range_tuple = parsed_range.range_for_length(complete_length)
+        content_range_header = parsed_range.to_content_range_header(complete_length)
+
+        if range_tuple is None or content_range_header is None:
+            raise RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable(complete_length)
+
+        content_length = range_tuple[1] - range_tuple[0]
+        self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(content_length)
+        self.headers["Accept-Ranges"] = accept_ranges
+        self.content_range = content_range_header  # type: ignore
+        self.status_code = 206
+        self._wrap_range_response(range_tuple[0], content_length)
+        return True
+
+    def make_conditional(
+        self,
+        request_or_environ: WSGIEnvironment | Request,
+        accept_ranges: bool | str = False,
+        complete_length: int | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Make the response conditional to the request.  This method works
+        best if an etag was defined for the response already.  The `add_etag`
+        method can be used to do that.  If called without etag just the date
+        header is set.
+
+        This does nothing if the request method in the request or environ is
+        anything but GET or HEAD.
+
+        For optimal performance when handling range requests, it's recommended
+        that your response data object implements `seekable`, `seek` and `tell`
+        methods as described by :py:class:`io.IOBase`.  Objects returned by
+        :meth:`~werkzeug.wsgi.wrap_file` automatically implement those methods.
+
+        It does not remove the body of the response because that's something
+        the :meth:`__call__` function does for us automatically.
+
+        Returns self so that you can do ``return resp.make_conditional(req)``
+        but modifies the object in-place.
+
+        :param request_or_environ: a request object or WSGI environment to be
+                                   used to make the response conditional
+                                   against.
+        :param accept_ranges: This parameter dictates the value of
+                              `Accept-Ranges` header. If ``False`` (default),
+                              the header is not set. If ``True``, it will be set
+                              to ``"bytes"``. If it's a string, it will use this
+                              value.
+        :param complete_length: Will be used only in valid Range Requests.
+                                It will set `Content-Range` complete length
+                                value and compute `Content-Length` real value.
+                                This parameter is mandatory for successful
+                                Range Requests completion.
+        :raises: :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable`
+                 if `Range` header could not be parsed or satisfied.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Range processing is skipped if length is 0 instead of
+            raising a 416 Range Not Satisfiable error.
+        """
+        environ = _get_environ(request_or_environ)
+        if environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] in ("GET", "HEAD"):
+            # if the date is not in the headers, add it now.  We however
+            # will not override an already existing header.  Unfortunately
+            # this header will be overridden by many WSGI servers including
+            # wsgiref.
+            if "date" not in self.headers:
+                self.headers["Date"] = http_date()
+            is206 = self._process_range_request(environ, complete_length, accept_ranges)
+            if not is206 and not is_resource_modified(
+                environ,
+                self.headers.get("etag"),
+                None,
+                self.headers.get("last-modified"),
+            ):
+                if parse_etags(environ.get("HTTP_IF_MATCH")):
+                    self.status_code = 412
+                else:
+                    self.status_code = 304
+            if (
+                self.automatically_set_content_length
+                and "content-length" not in self.headers
+            ):
+                length = self.calculate_content_length()
+                if length is not None:
+                    self.headers["Content-Length"] = str(length)
+        return self
+
+    def add_etag(self, overwrite: bool = False, weak: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Add an etag for the current response if there is none yet.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            SHA-1 is used to generate the value. MD5 may not be
+            available in some environments.
+        """
+        if overwrite or "etag" not in self.headers:
+            self.set_etag(generate_etag(self.get_data()), weak)
+
+
+class ResponseStream:
+    """A file descriptor like object used by :meth:`Response.stream` to
+    represent the body of the stream. It directly pushes into the
+    response iterable of the response object.
+    """
+
+    mode = "wb+"
+
+    def __init__(self, response: Response):
+        self.response = response
+        self.closed = False
+
+    def write(self, value: bytes) -> int:
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
+        self.response._ensure_sequence(mutable=True)
+        self.response.response.append(value)  # type: ignore
+        self.response.headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
+        return len(value)
+
+    def writelines(self, seq: t.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        for item in seq:
+            self.write(item)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
+        return False
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        self.response._ensure_sequence()
+        return sum(map(len, self.response.response))
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        return "utf-8"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wsgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d40af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/werkzeug/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import typing as t
+from functools import partial
+from functools import update_wrapper
+
+from .exceptions import ClientDisconnected
+from .exceptions import RequestEntityTooLarge
+from .sansio import utils as _sansio_utils
+from .sansio.utils import host_is_trusted  # noqa: F401 # Imported as part of API
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
+
+
+def responder(f: t.Callable[..., WSGIApplication]) -> WSGIApplication:
+    """Marks a function as responder.  Decorate a function with it and it
+    will automatically call the return value as WSGI application.
+
+    Example::
+
+        @responder
+        def application(environ, start_response):
+            return Response('Hello World!')
+    """
+    return update_wrapper(lambda *a: f(*a)(*a[-2:]), f)
+
+
+def get_current_url(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    root_only: bool = False,
+    strip_querystring: bool = False,
+    host_only: bool = False,
+    trusted_hosts: t.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Recreate the URL for a request from the parts in a WSGI
+    environment.
+
+    The URL is an IRI, not a URI, so it may contain Unicode characters.
+    Use :func:`~werkzeug.urls.iri_to_uri` to convert it to ASCII.
+
+    :param environ: The WSGI environment to get the URL parts from.
+    :param root_only: Only build the root path, don't include the
+        remaining path or query string.
+    :param strip_querystring: Don't include the query string.
+    :param host_only: Only build the scheme and host.
+    :param trusted_hosts: A list of trusted host names to validate the
+        host against.
+    """
+    parts = {
+        "scheme": environ["wsgi.url_scheme"],
+        "host": get_host(environ, trusted_hosts),
+    }
+
+    if not host_only:
+        parts["root_path"] = environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", "")
+
+        if not root_only:
+            parts["path"] = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
+
+            if not strip_querystring:
+                parts["query_string"] = environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "").encode("latin1")
+
+    return _sansio_utils.get_current_url(**parts)
+
+
+def _get_server(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+) -> tuple[str, int | None] | None:
+    name = environ.get("SERVER_NAME")
+
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        port: int | None = int(environ.get("SERVER_PORT", None))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        # unix socket
+        port = None
+
+    return name, port
+
+
+def get_host(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment, trusted_hosts: t.Iterable[str] | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Return the host for the given WSGI environment.
+
+    The ``Host`` header is preferred, then ``SERVER_NAME`` if it's not
+    set. The returned host will only contain the port if it is different
+    than the standard port for the protocol.
+
+    Optionally, verify that the host is trusted using
+    :func:`host_is_trusted` and raise a
+    :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.SecurityError` if it is not.
+
+    :param environ: A WSGI environment dict.
+    :param trusted_hosts: A list of trusted host names.
+
+    :return: Host, with port if necessary.
+    :raise ~werkzeug.exceptions.SecurityError: If the host is not
+        trusted.
+    """
+    return _sansio_utils.get_host(
+        environ["wsgi.url_scheme"],
+        environ.get("HTTP_HOST"),
+        _get_server(environ),
+        trusted_hosts,
+    )
+
+
+def get_content_length(environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> int | None:
+    """Return the ``Content-Length`` header value as an int. If the header is not given
+    or the ``Transfer-Encoding`` header is ``chunked``, ``None`` is returned to indicate
+    a streaming request. If the value is not an integer, or negative, 0 is returned.
+
+    :param environ: The WSGI environ to get the content length from.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    return _sansio_utils.get_content_length(
+        http_content_length=environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH"),
+        http_transfer_encoding=environ.get("HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING"),
+    )
+
+
+def get_input_stream(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment,
+    safe_fallback: bool = True,
+    max_content_length: int | None = None,
+) -> t.IO[bytes]:
+    """Return the WSGI input stream, wrapped so that it may be read safely without going
+    past the ``Content-Length`` header value or ``max_content_length``.
+
+    If ``Content-Length`` exceeds ``max_content_length``, a
+    :exc:`RequestEntityTooLarge`` ``413 Content Too Large`` error is raised.
+
+    If the WSGI server sets ``environ["wsgi.input_terminated"]``, it indicates that the
+    server handles terminating the stream, so it is safe to read directly. For example,
+    a server that knows how to handle chunked requests safely would set this.
+
+    If ``max_content_length`` is set, it can be enforced on streams if
+    ``wsgi.input_terminated`` is set. Otherwise, an empty stream is returned unless the
+    user explicitly disables this safe fallback.
+
+    If the limit is reached before the underlying stream is exhausted (such as a file
+    that is too large, or an infinite stream), the remaining contents of the stream
+    cannot be read safely. Depending on how the server handles this, clients may show a
+    "connection reset" failure instead of seeing the 413 response.
+
+    :param environ: The WSGI environ containing the stream.
+    :param safe_fallback: Return an empty stream when ``Content-Length`` is not set.
+        Disabling this allows infinite streams, which can be a denial-of-service risk.
+    :param max_content_length: The maximum length that content-length or streaming
+        requests may not exceed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.2
+        ``max_content_length`` is only applied to streaming requests if the server sets
+        ``wsgi.input_terminated``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Check ``max_content_length`` and raise an error if it is exceeded.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    stream = t.cast(t.IO[bytes], environ["wsgi.input"])
+    content_length = get_content_length(environ)
+
+    if content_length is not None and max_content_length is not None:
+        if content_length > max_content_length:
+            raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+
+    # A WSGI server can set this to indicate that it terminates the input stream. In
+    # that case the stream is safe without wrapping, or can enforce a max length.
+    if "wsgi.input_terminated" in environ:
+        if max_content_length is not None:
+            # If this is moved above, it can cause the stream to hang if a read attempt
+            # is made when the client sends no data. For example, the development server
+            # does not handle buffering except for chunked encoding.
+            return t.cast(
+                t.IO[bytes], LimitedStream(stream, max_content_length, is_max=True)
+            )
+
+        return stream
+
+    # No limit given, return an empty stream unless the user explicitly allows the
+    # potentially infinite stream. An infinite stream is dangerous if it's not expected,
+    # as it can tie up a worker indefinitely.
+    if content_length is None:
+        return io.BytesIO() if safe_fallback else stream
+
+    return t.cast(t.IO[bytes], LimitedStream(stream, content_length))
+
+
+def get_path_info(environ: WSGIEnvironment) -> str:
+    """Return ``PATH_INFO`` from  the WSGI environment.
+
+    :param environ: WSGI environment to get the path from.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        The ``charset`` and ``errors`` parameters were removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+    """
+    path: bytes = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "").encode("latin1")
+    return path.decode(errors="replace")
+
+
+class ClosingIterator:
+    """The WSGI specification requires that all middlewares and gateways
+    respect the `close` callback of the iterable returned by the application.
+    Because it is useful to add another close action to a returned iterable
+    and adding a custom iterable is a boring task this class can be used for
+    that::
+
+        return ClosingIterator(app(environ, start_response), [cleanup_session,
+                                                              cleanup_locals])
+
+    If there is just one close function it can be passed instead of the list.
+
+    A closing iterator is not needed if the application uses response objects
+    and finishes the processing if the response is started::
+
+        try:
+            return response(environ, start_response)
+        finally:
+            cleanup_session()
+            cleanup_locals()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: t.Iterable[bytes],
+        callbacks: None
+        | (t.Callable[[], None] | t.Iterable[t.Callable[[], None]]) = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        iterator = iter(iterable)
+        self._next = t.cast(t.Callable[[], bytes], partial(next, iterator))
+        if callbacks is None:
+            callbacks = []
+        elif callable(callbacks):
+            callbacks = [callbacks]
+        else:
+            callbacks = list(callbacks)
+        iterable_close = getattr(iterable, "close", None)
+        if iterable_close:
+            callbacks.insert(0, iterable_close)
+        self._callbacks = callbacks
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> ClosingIterator:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._next()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        for callback in self._callbacks:
+            callback()
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    environ: WSGIEnvironment, file: t.IO[bytes], buffer_size: int = 8192
+) -> t.Iterable[bytes]:
+    """Wraps a file.  This uses the WSGI server's file wrapper if available
+    or otherwise the generic :class:`FileWrapper`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    If the file wrapper from the WSGI server is used it's important to not
+    iterate over it from inside the application but to pass it through
+    unchanged.  If you want to pass out a file wrapper inside a response
+    object you have to set :attr:`Response.direct_passthrough` to `True`.
+
+    More information about file wrappers are available in :pep:`333`.
+
+    :param file: a :class:`file`-like object with a :meth:`~file.read` method.
+    :param buffer_size: number of bytes for one iteration.
+    """
+    return environ.get("wsgi.file_wrapper", FileWrapper)(  # type: ignore
+        file, buffer_size
+    )
+
+
+class FileWrapper:
+    """This class can be used to convert a :class:`file`-like object into
+    an iterable.  It yields `buffer_size` blocks until the file is fully
+    read.
+
+    You should not use this class directly but rather use the
+    :func:`wrap_file` function that uses the WSGI server's file wrapper
+    support if it's available.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+    If you're using this object together with a :class:`Response` you have
+    to use the `direct_passthrough` mode.
+
+    :param file: a :class:`file`-like object with a :meth:`~file.read` method.
+    :param buffer_size: number of bytes for one iteration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, file: t.IO[bytes], buffer_size: int = 8192) -> None:
+        self.file = file
+        self.buffer_size = buffer_size
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self.file, "close"):
+            self.file.close()
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seekable"):
+            return self.file.seekable()
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seek"):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def seek(self, *args: t.Any) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seek"):
+            self.file.seek(*args)
+
+    def tell(self) -> int | None:
+        if hasattr(self.file, "tell"):
+            return self.file.tell()
+        return None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> FileWrapper:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        data = self.file.read(self.buffer_size)
+        if data:
+            return data
+        raise StopIteration()
+
+
+class _RangeWrapper:
+    # private for now, but should we make it public in the future ?
+
+    """This class can be used to convert an iterable object into
+    an iterable that will only yield a piece of the underlying content.
+    It yields blocks until the underlying stream range is fully read.
+    The yielded blocks will have a size that can't exceed the original
+    iterator defined block size, but that can be smaller.
+
+    If you're using this object together with a :class:`Response` you have
+    to use the `direct_passthrough` mode.
+
+    :param iterable: an iterable object with a :meth:`__next__` method.
+    :param start_byte: byte from which read will start.
+    :param byte_range: how many bytes to read.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: t.Iterable[bytes] | t.IO[bytes],
+        start_byte: int = 0,
+        byte_range: int | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.iterable = iter(iterable)
+        self.byte_range = byte_range
+        self.start_byte = start_byte
+        self.end_byte = None
+
+        if byte_range is not None:
+            self.end_byte = start_byte + byte_range
+
+        self.read_length = 0
+        self.seekable = hasattr(iterable, "seekable") and iterable.seekable()
+        self.end_reached = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> _RangeWrapper:
+        return self
+
+    def _next_chunk(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            chunk = next(self.iterable)
+            self.read_length += len(chunk)
+            return chunk
+        except StopIteration:
+            self.end_reached = True
+            raise
+
+    def _first_iteration(self) -> tuple[bytes | None, int]:
+        chunk = None
+        if self.seekable:
+            self.iterable.seek(self.start_byte)  # type: ignore
+            self.read_length = self.iterable.tell()  # type: ignore
+            contextual_read_length = self.read_length
+        else:
+            while self.read_length <= self.start_byte:
+                chunk = self._next_chunk()
+            if chunk is not None:
+                chunk = chunk[self.start_byte - self.read_length :]
+            contextual_read_length = self.start_byte
+        return chunk, contextual_read_length
+
+    def _next(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.end_reached:
+            raise StopIteration()
+        chunk = None
+        contextual_read_length = self.read_length
+        if self.read_length == 0:
+            chunk, contextual_read_length = self._first_iteration()
+        if chunk is None:
+            chunk = self._next_chunk()
+        if self.end_byte is not None and self.read_length >= self.end_byte:
+            self.end_reached = True
+            return chunk[: self.end_byte - contextual_read_length]
+        return chunk
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        chunk = self._next()
+        if chunk:
+            return chunk
+        self.end_reached = True
+        raise StopIteration()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self.iterable, "close"):
+            self.iterable.close()
+
+
+class LimitedStream(io.RawIOBase):
+    """Wrap a stream so that it doesn't read more than a given limit. This is used to
+    limit ``wsgi.input`` to the ``Content-Length`` header value or
+    :attr:`.Request.max_content_length`.
+
+    When attempting to read after the limit has been reached, :meth:`on_exhausted` is
+    called. When the limit is a maximum, this raises :exc:`.RequestEntityTooLarge`.
+
+    If reading from the stream returns zero bytes or raises an error,
+    :meth:`on_disconnect` is called, which raises :exc:`.ClientDisconnected`. When the
+    limit is a maximum and zero bytes were read, no error is raised, since it may be the
+    end of the stream.
+
+    If the limit is reached before the underlying stream is exhausted (such as a file
+    that is too large, or an infinite stream), the remaining contents of the stream
+    cannot be read safely. Depending on how the server handles this, clients may show a
+    "connection reset" failure instead of seeing the 413 response.
+
+    :param stream: The stream to read from. Must be a readable binary IO object.
+    :param limit: The limit in bytes to not read past. Should be either the
+        ``Content-Length`` header value or ``request.max_content_length``.
+    :param is_max: Whether the given ``limit`` is ``request.max_content_length`` instead
+        of the ``Content-Length`` header value. This changes how exhausted and
+        disconnect events are handled.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Handle ``max_content_length`` differently than ``Content-Length``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+        Implements ``io.RawIOBase`` rather than ``io.IOBase``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[bytes], limit: int, is_max: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pos = 0
+        self.limit = limit
+        self._limit_is_max = is_max
+
+    @property
+    def is_exhausted(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the current stream position has reached the limit."""
+        return self._pos >= self.limit
+
+    def on_exhausted(self) -> None:
+        """Called when attempting to read after the limit has been reached.
+
+        The default behavior is to do nothing, unless the limit is a maximum, in which
+        case it raises :exc:`.RequestEntityTooLarge`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Raises ``RequestEntityTooLarge`` if the limit is a maximum.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Any return value is ignored.
+        """
+        if self._limit_is_max:
+            raise RequestEntityTooLarge()
+
+    def on_disconnect(self, error: Exception | None = None) -> None:
+        """Called when an attempted read receives zero bytes before the limit was
+        reached. This indicates that the client disconnected before sending the full
+        request body.
+
+        The default behavior is to raise :exc:`.ClientDisconnected`, unless the limit is
+        a maximum and no error was raised.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Added the ``error`` parameter. Do nothing if the limit is a maximum and no
+            error was raised.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Any return value is ignored.
+        """
+        if not self._limit_is_max or error is not None:
+            raise ClientDisconnected()
+
+        # If the limit is a maximum, then we may have read zero bytes because the
+        # streaming body is complete. There's no way to distinguish that from the
+        # client disconnecting early.
+
+    def exhaust(self) -> bytes:
+        """Exhaust the stream by reading until the limit is reached or the client
+        disconnects, returning the remaining data.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3
+            Return the remaining data.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+            Handle case where wrapped stream returns fewer bytes than requested.
+        """
+        if not self.is_exhausted:
+            return self.readall()
+
+        return b""
+
+    def readinto(self, b: bytearray) -> int | None:  # type: ignore[override]
+        size = len(b)
+        remaining = self.limit - self._pos
+
+        if remaining <= 0:
+            self.on_exhausted()
+            return 0
+
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "readinto"):
+            # Use stream.readinto if it's available.
+            if size <= remaining:
+                # The size fits in the remaining limit, use the buffer directly.
+                try:
+                    out_size: int | None = self._stream.readinto(b)
+                except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+                    self.on_disconnect(error=e)
+                    return 0
+            else:
+                # Use a temp buffer with the remaining limit as the size.
+                temp_b = bytearray(remaining)
+
+                try:
+                    out_size = self._stream.readinto(temp_b)
+                except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+                    self.on_disconnect(error=e)
+                    return 0
+
+                if out_size:
+                    b[:out_size] = temp_b
+        else:
+            # WSGI requires that stream.read is available.
+            try:
+                data = self._stream.read(min(size, remaining))
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+                self.on_disconnect(error=e)
+                return 0
+
+            out_size = len(data)
+            b[:out_size] = data
+
+        if not out_size:
+            # Read zero bytes from the stream.
+            self.on_disconnect()
+            return 0
+
+        self._pos += out_size
+        return out_size
+
+    def readall(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.is_exhausted:
+            self.on_exhausted()
+            return b""
+
+        out = bytearray()
+
+        # The parent implementation uses "while True", which results in an extra read.
+        while not self.is_exhausted:
+            data = self.read(1024 * 64)
+
+            # Stream may return empty before a max limit is reached.
+            if not data:
+                break
+
+            out.extend(data)
+
+        return bytes(out)
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current stream position.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        return self._pos
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return True
diff --git a/venv/lib64 b/venv/lib64
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..7951405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib64
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+lib
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/pyvenv.cfg b/venv/pyvenv.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e41659e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/pyvenv.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+home = /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.12/bin
+include-system-site-packages = false
+version = 3.12.5
+executable = /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.12/3.12.5/bin/python3.12
+command = /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.12/bin/python3.12 -m venv /home/klaas/kasse-py/venv